Artykuły w czasopismach: „First Canadian Contingent”

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Aladejebi, Funké, Kristi A. Allain, Rhonda C. George i Ornella Nzindukiyimana. "“We The North”? Race, Nation, and the Multicultural Politics of Toronto’s First NBA Championship". Journal of Canadian Studies 56, nr 1 (1.03.2022): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs-2020-0055.

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The Toronto Raptors’ 2019 National Basketball Association (NBA) championship win, a first for the franchise and for a Canadian team, “turned hockey country into basketball nation” ( CBC Radio 2020 ). Canadians’ burgeoning embrace of the team and the sport seemed to point to a growing celebration of Blackness within the nation. However, we problematize the 2019 championship win to tell a more expansive story about how sport and national myths conceal truths about race and belonging in Canada. We explore two particular cases—the “We The North” campaign and the media coverage of Raptors superfan Nav Bhatia—to highlight the contradictory ways that the Raptors coverage mobilized symbols of the North and multiculturalism to present the team as quintessentially Canadian and rebrand basketball for Canadian audiences. We further explore how these stark contradictions manifest in the racialized policing of basketball courts in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). These cases demonstrate that the celebrations of the Raptors and basketball not only continued to police racialized bodies but also ensured that their inclusion was contingent on the maintenance of the status quo.

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Leithner, Christian. "Economic Conditions and the Vote: A Contingent Rather Than Categorical Influence". British Journal of Political Science 23, nr 3 (lipiec 1993): 339–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400006645.

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This article analyses the influence of economic conditions upon the behaviour of voters in elections to Australian, Canadian and New Zealand legislatures between the First and Second World Wars. It shows that this influence need be neither uniform nor unconditional: rather, it is contingent upon both political and economic phenomena. The existence of the relationship as well as its form and strength differ systematically in different settings. It varies according to the stratum of the electorate, the point in time and the type of party analysed.

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Clarke, Nic. "‘You will not be going to this war’: the rejected volunteers of the First Contingent of the Canadian Expeditionary Force". First World War Studies 1, nr 2 (październik 2010): 161–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475020.2010.517436.

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Angus, Siobhan, i Warren Cariou. "Tar Remedies". Environmental Humanities 16, nr 2 (1.07.2024): 478–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/22011919-11150099.

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Abstract This two-part essay turns to the landscapes of bitumen mining in the Athabasca tar sands in western Canada. Despite the environmental costs of the tar sands mining process, the Canadian state remains invested in oil extraction in the tar sands. Starting from the premise that the extraction and burning of this bitumen was and is not inevitable, this dialogue locates hazardous hope in the landscapes of the Athabasca region. To do so, the first section is an analysis of Warren Cariou’s photographic practice, situating his work within themes of toxicity and hope. Written by an art historian, it argues that we can read the petrographs through a mode of critical spectatorship that generates questions about how extraction makes our world and how these processes are historically contingent choices based in what society has chosen to value. The second part is a short reflection by Warren Cariou on his practice and how he theorizes hope in the context of pollution.

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Mau, Tim A. "“Representative bureaucracy as a leadership issue: the Canadian case”". International Journal of Public Leadership 16, nr 4 (8.09.2020): 393–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpl-06-2020-0060.

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PurposeThe public administration literature on representative bureaucracy identifies several advantages from having a diverse public service workforce, but it has not explicitly focused on leadership. For its part, the public sector leadership literature has largely ignored the issue of gender. The purpose of this paper is to rectify these limitations by advancing the argument that having a representative bureaucracy is fundamentally a leadership issue. Moreover, it assesses the extent to which representativeness has been achieved in the Canadian federal public service.Design/methodology/approachThe paper begins with a discussion of the importance of a representative bureaucracy for democratic governance. In the next section, the case is made that representativeness is fundamentally intertwined with the concept of administrative leadership. Then, the article provides an interpretive case study analysis of the federal public service in Canada, which is the global leader in terms of women's representation in public service leadership positions.FindingsThe initial breakthrough for gender representation in the Canadian federal public service was 1995. From that point onward, the proportion of women in the core public administration exceeded workforce availability. However, women continued to be modestly under-represented among the senior leadership cadre throughout the early 2000s. The watershed moment for gender representation in the federal public service was 2011 when the number of women in the executive group exceeded workforce availability for the first time. Significant progress toward greater representativeness in the other target groups has also been made but ongoing vigilance is required.Research limitations/implicationsThe study only determines the passive representation of women in the Public Service of Canada and is not able to comment on the extent to which women are substantively represented in federal policy outcomes.Originality/valueThe paper traces the Canadian federal government's progress toward achieving gender representation over time, while commenting on the extent to which the public service reflects broader diversity. In doing so, it explicitly links representation to leadership, which the existing literature fails to do, by arguing that effective administrative leadership is contingent upon having a diverse public service. Moreover, it highlights the importance of gender for public sector leadership, which hitherto has been neglected.

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Major, Aaron, i Josh McCabe. "The Adversarial Politics of Fiscal Federalism: Tax Policy and the Conservative Ascendancy in Canada, 1988–2008". Social Science History 38, nr 3-4 (2014): 333–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2015.28.

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When and how do tax regimes become sites of social protest and support broader movements of social policy reform? This question has drawn increasing interest from political sociologists and political scientists who have looked at the ways in which tax regimes create political cleavages that create the foundations for major shifts in state policy making or become the focal points of collective identity formation, leading to “tax protests.” In this paper we seek to contribute to this line of inquiry through an examination of the politics of Canadian tax policy from 1988 through 2008. What makes this case so compelling is that during these years the debates over tax policy raged over, first, the implementation and, later, the reduction of a federal value-added tax (VAT). However, rather than fueling a broad-based tax protest, debates over the VAT heightened interprovincial political cleavages that allowed the Conservatives to tie the question of the VAT to a broader economic program of typically “neoliberal” reforms: improving private-sector competitiveness and shrinking the size of the state. Drawing on a statistical analysis of the Canadian Election Study and an historical analysis of the conflict over taxation, we show how the federal structure of the Canadian state, and its policies of revenue equalization across the provinces, created an interprovincial adversarial politics that made sales tax reduction a key issue for Canadian voters. Our findings show how recognizing the historically contingent and institutionally specific context of struggles over tax policy helps to explain cross-national variation in the politics of taxation.

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Dawson, Stephanie E., i Garth Davies. "Gender differences in understanding police perspectives on crowd disorder". Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 40, nr 2 (15.05.2017): 228–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-06-2016-0080.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature and dynamics of crowd disorder from the perspective of the police in a Canadian context, as well as to extend this perspective to include the opinions of female police officers. Design/methodology/approach A total of 460 Vancouver police officers participated in this study. Following the 2011 Stanley Cup riot, police officers received mail-based questionnaires focussed on gathering information concerning police perceptions of the crowd and the police response in riot situations. A total of 15 response items were analysed using descriptive approaches and confirmatory factor analyses. Findings The study findings revealed that, in addition to being multidimensional, the police perspective of crowd disorder may be contingent upon certain officer characteristics. Although, the police perspective can generally be categorized by four overarching constructs: dichotomous crowd, homogeneous threat, strict policing and tactical response; it becomes more complex once the officers’ gender is taken into consideration. The results suggest that the male and female police officers may have some differing views about the nature of crowds and the type of police response required to manage disorderly crowd situations. Originality/value In addition to being the first study to analyse police perceptions of crowd disorder in a Canadian context, this research is the first to include the points of view of female officers.

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Puppe, Ian. "“With All The Ghosts that Haunt the Park...”: Haunted Recreation in Brent (Ontario)". Ethnologia Actualis 21, nr 1 (1.06.2021): 82–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eas-2021-0022.

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Abstract When I first visited Brent, the defunct logging village, now campgrounds in the northern reaches of Algonquin Provincial Park I went searching for ghost stories. Often described as a “ghost town,” Brent has been occupied since the earliest days of logging in the Ottawa River/Kiji Sibi Valley and holds an important place in the oral history of the Park. The village was a place where many died after violent accidents during the timber rush of the eighteen-hundreds, where Algonquin Anishinaabe Peoples had camped and likely held a village of their own prior to colonization. Brent was once a bustling community, the former site of the Kish-Kaduk Lodge and an important railway stopover during the First World War. Further, Brent was home to the last year round resident of the Park. Mr. Adam Pitts, known to many local cottagers as the “Mayor” passed away in his home in 1998 one year after the railroad tracks were removed by the Canadian National Railway Company and the electricity was shut off. Now his cottage is a ruin some claim to be haunted by the Mayor’s restless ghost. And there are other ghost stories I heard in Brent that haunt the edges of the colonial imagination, stalking unwary travellers as they meander through what they sometimes assume to be “pristine wilderness.” Common patterns of self-apprehension and identity formation associated with tourism and heritage management in Algonquin Park are imbued with nationalist value through a prismatic complex of cultural appropriation, the denial of complicity in colonial violence, and the contingent obfuscation of Indigenous presence and persistence in the area, a process I call haunted recreation. Countering this complex is critical for working past the historical and intergenerational trauma associated with Canadian settler-colonialism and the contemporary inequities of Canadian society.

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Lam, Laura, i Anna Triandafyllidou. "An unlikely stepping stone? Exploring how platform work shapes newcomer migrant integration". Transitions: Journal of Transient Migration 5, nr 1 (1.03.2021): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tjtm_00029_1.

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The rise of digital labour platform work has drawn researchers to study how migrants are impacted by greater technology dependence in the workforce, and whether platform work might accelerate migrants’ entry into precarious, low-income, contingent work. Emerging data in Canada indicate that that the proportion of gig workers is considerably higher amongst immigrants, especially recent immigrants compared to Canadian-born populations; yet, the demographics and typologies of migrants that choose to undertake platform work have been understudied. This study looks at platform work as part of the wider process of labour market integration of newly arrived migrants in Canada. Acknowledging that labour market integration is a non-linear process that involves several stop-and-go phases, we look at platform work as part of this process and question whether it is a ‘stepping-stone’ or a trap into volatile, precarious work. The study is qualitative and exploratory, based on 24 semi-structured interviews with recent migrants in Canada who have engaged in platform work. Our findings suggest that platform work can serve as a useful first step to gain footing in a new country, as platforms have low barriers of entry, require little social or material capital, and offer flexible forms of employment that can be combined either with studying or looking for another position or with working in a different full-time job. It gives migrants a subjective feeling of control over their lives and security albeit when we delve deeper, they also realize it can be a dead end. The article concludes with some critical reflections on how platform work in the greater gig economy can shape migrant integration in the host country labour market.

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CARMODY, DANA. "THE T. EATON COMPANY LIMITED: A CASE ANALYSIS". Journal of Enterprising Culture 10, nr 03 (wrzesień 2002): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495802000104.

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The T Eaton company, considered the world's first department store, was named after its founder Timothy Eaton. In 1869, it as a small dry goods business in Toronto. By 1907, at the death of its founder, it was a giant retail store, with a branch in Winnipeg, alongside a country-wide mail-order business. Innovative practices established during his time included sales for cash only and satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. Eaton's successors extended the Eaton empire across Canada, continuing the tradition of quality goods, prices, customer service and also fair labour practices. It became a Canadian institution. Eaton's filed for protection from its creditors in February 1997 and once again in August 1999 (see Appendix 1 for a chronology of events) under the federal Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act and the Ontario Business Corporations Act (Closings). The restructuring that followed the first bankruptcy was only partially successful. However, it had a significantly positive impact on Eaton's operations, and seemed to turn things around. Were it not for bad economic news and misfortune in mid-to-late 1998 (CNW 3 and CNW 5), the plan might have worked. Store-closings, employee terminations, and a huge liquidation sale followed the second bankruptcy declared in August 1999, as did the suspension of the trading of Eaton's stock (Chron). Sears Canada Inc. agreed to purchase 16 of the Eaton's stores in September 1999 (Sears 1; Material 1). These will open by the fall of 2000 (Material 2; Sears 1). A compromise was made with Eaton's creditors (including the employees) to give them approximately $0.50 on the dollar (Olijnyk 1). A compromise was also arrived at with Eaton's shareholders whereby the latter would be given participation units in exchange for their common shares (on a one-for-one trade) (Amended; Trachuk). These participation units are to be used in a contingent and conditional settlement based upon the possible utilization of tax credits by Sears acquired as a result of Eaton's $390 million in losses since 1996 (Receivership; Amended; Trachuk). These settlement monies might or might not be realized by the former shareholders (Amended; Trachuk). Today, Eaton's is no more. In its place are many great memories by a former generation of Canadians who used to go to the Eaton's stores to buy big things that were always of high quality. "Agnes Lunn, who was visiting [Edmonton, Calgary,] from Dartmouth, N.S., said she will miss the chain because of its trustworthiness. "If you bought something from Eaton's, you knew it was worth having, you knew it would be quality," she said (Auction)." Perhaps having six of the Eaton's stores open up this fall with the Eaton's name on them will rekindle a loyalty in a new generation of Canadians?

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Bullock, Katherine. "Editorial". American Journal of Islam and Society 24, nr 4 (1.10.2007): i—iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v24i4.1511.

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In July 2007, the Association of Muslim Social Scientists (AMSS) launchedits new website: www.amss.net. This event signals a reinvigorated AMSSthat seeks to update itself and enhance its professional image. The launchcomes after several years of hard work, conducted mostly behind the scenes,on behalf of the AMSS Executive Board. Under the guidance of Dr. RafikBeekun (president, AMSS), a recognized expert in strategic planning,AMSS has undergone a complete overhaul, from a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses,opportunities, threats) analysis to revising its by-laws and engagingin strategic planning, to implementation.In order to recognize the separate but related nature of Canada to theUnited States (it is not simply the 51st state!), as well as the prominent rolebeing played by Canadian social scientists in AMSS, the board has suggesteda new name: The Association of Muslim Social Scientists of NorthAmerica. This is, of course, contingent upon the membership’s pendingapproval of the new by-laws. In addition, this name change helps identifyus in relation to our sister organizations: AMSS-UK and AMSS-France.Each association is an independent entity sharing a common name, vision,and goals. The first AMSS international conference was held in Istanbul in2006.One theme of AMSS’ new mission statement is that the organizationwill serve as an enabling environment for critical dialogue and debatebetween Muslim and non-Muslim scholars about issues of importance tothe ummah and global society at large. The ability to dialogue is currentlynot one of the Muslim community’s strengths. Dialogue is about talking,about sitting down with people from different backgrounds in order tounderstand their perspective on often controversial issues. The point is notto convince them that your position is the “truth” or vice versa, but to hearthem as fellow human beings and have them hear you. As the NationalCoalition for Dialogue and Deliberation points out, “dialogue is not aboutwinning an argument or coming to an agreement, but about understandingand learning. Dialogue dispels stereotypes, builds trust and enables peopleto be open to perspectives that are very different from their own” (http://-thataway.org/index.php/?page_id=713) ...

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Bergmann, Pamela, i Paul Ross. "KEYS TO SUCCESS IN DEVELOPING THE FIRST JOINT TRANS-BOUNDARY WILDLIFE RESPONSE GUIDELINES: THE CANADA/UNITED STATES DIXON ENTRANCE EXAMPLE". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, nr 1 (1.05.2005): 707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-707.

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ABSTRACT A paper written for the 2001 International Oil Spill Conference (Bergmann and Russo, 2001) discussed the first-of-its-kind, wildlife-response contingency planning effort underway in the trans-boundary area, known as Dixon Entrance, between British Columbia (B.C.) in Canada and Alaska in the United States (U.S.). The paper described how this initiative was conducted within the framework of Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) and United States Coast Guard (USCG) joint contingency planning in Dixon Entrance. The paper focused on activities successfully completed at that time; namely, a 1999 workshop attended by key Canadian and U.S. stakeholders, which resulted in an agreement by Canadian and U.S. wildlife resource agency representatives to develop a joint Dixon Entrance wildlife response plan focusing on migratory birds and sea otters. This paper describes how, following the workshop, a joint Canada/U.S. Dixon Entrance (CANUSDIX) wildlife response working group was established to complete this task. The resulting Canada-United States Marine Spill Pollution Contingency Plan CANUSDIX Annex-Operation Appendix: Wildlife Response Guidelines (CANUSDIX Wildlife Response Guidelines) (DOI-OEPC et al, 2003) were completed and signed by appropriate Canadian and U.S. wildlife resource agency officials in April 2003, and were then adopted by the CCG and USCG in September 2003. The paper also provides an overview of the process used by working group members and their stakeholder partners to develop the guidelines. Moreover, the paper describes: (1) factors that helped contribute to the success of the effort; (2) challenges that had to be overcome; (3) milestones that helped keep the work on track; and (4) additional unanticipated benefits. Together, this information will allow other parties in trans-boundary areas around the world to use the Dixon Entrance wildlife response guidelines, and the process undertaken to develop the document, as a model for conducting similar pre-incident planning.

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Friesen, Gerald. "2005 Presidential Address of the CHA". Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 16, nr 1 (7.05.2007): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/015725ar.

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Abstract The spatial dimensions of contemporary society differ substantially from those prevailing in earlier centuries and even in the first half of the twentieth century. The change requires a re-thinking of “region,” one of the fundamental concepts in discussions of Canada as nation-state. In the past, the concept of region has enabled Canadians to come to terms with physical, cultural, and historical differences within the country and to imagine the community as an appropriate and cohesive whole. In the conditions created by changing trade patterns, global migration, and electronic communication, the concept of region has to be revised if it is to serve as one of the underpinnings of the contemporary nation-state. Rather than a one-size-fits-all approach, this paper advocates the use of three regional concepts in place of one. Denoted, instituted, and imagined regions acknowledge the social change, the negotiation, and the contingency that must be part of a spatial approach to Canadian history.

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Bergmann, Pamela, i Paul Ross. "DEVELOPING GUIDELINES FOR JOINT TRANS-BOUNDARY RESOURCE AGENCY INPUT TO DISPERSANT USE, IN-SITUBURNING, AND PLACES OF REFUGE DECISION-MAKING: THE CANADA/UNITED States Dixon Entrance Example". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, nr 1 (1.05.2008): 597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-597.

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ABSTRACT Papers presented at the 2001 and 2005 International Oil Spill Conferences (IOSCs) discussed the development of the first-of-its-kind trans-boundary wildlife response guidelines, which were completed for the area known as Dixon Entrance between British Columbia (BC) in Canada and Alaska in the United States (U.S.). This work was conducted within the framework of Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) and United States Coast Guard (USCG) joint contingency planning as outlined in the Annex 5 Canada-United States Dixon Entrance-Geographical Annex to the Canada-United States Joint Marine Pollution Contingency Plan (Canada-U.S. Joint Marine Pollution Contingency Plan CANUSDIX Annex). Along with other topics, the 2005 IOSC paper described a number of unanticipated benefits resulting from the development of the guidelines. This included establishing stakeholder partnerships which facilitated additional joint trans-boundary pre-incident planning. Following the completion of the Canada-U.S. Dixon Entrance (CANUSDIX) wildlife response guidelines in September 2003, attention was turned to examining trans-boundary decision-making associated with dispersant use, in-situ burning, and places of refuge identification. Subsequently, a joint CANUSDIX Resource Agency Working Group was established to address resource-related topics for activities supporting dispersant use, in-situ burning, and places of refuge decision-making in the Dixon Entrance trans-boundary area. Over the next 2.5 years, working group members prepared draft guidelines for resource agency input to those response activities. In March 2006, the Canadian and U.S. Federal, Canadian Provincial, and State of Alaska resource agencies with jurisdiction in the Dixon Entrance area, finalized the CANUSDIX Guidelines for Resource Agency Input to Dispersant Use, In-Situ Burning, and Places of Refuge Decision-Making (CANUSDIX Resource Agency Guidelines) and submitted the document to the CCG and USCG for inclusion in the Canada-U.S. Joint Marine Pollution Contingency Plan CANUSDIX Annex. This paper provides an overview of the development of the CANUSDIX Resource Agency Guidelines; a description of the information included in the guidelines; and how the guidelines fit within the CCG and USCG incident management structures. Together, this information will allow other parties in trans-boundary areas around the world to use the CANUSDIX Resource Agency Guidelines, and the process undertaken to develop the document, as a model for conducting similar pre-incident planning.

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Pomare, Carol, i Anthony Berry. "Integrative contingency-based framework of MCS: the case of post-secondary education". Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 12, nr 3 (5.09.2016): 351–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-02-2014-0013.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore whether and how changes in the management control systems (MCS) of post-secondary institutions (PSIs) in Western Canada can be described and explained in terms of formal and informal MCS; and whether and how changes in the MCS of PSIs in Western Canada can be described and explained in terms of an integrative contingency-based framework of MCS based on regulatory accountability systems, competitive markets and organizational culture? Design/methodology/approach The empirical research was undertaken with an exploratory mixed design. The first phase involved descriptive univariate and bivariate statistics as well as non-parametric statistics computed on data from annual reports and financial statements of 46 PSIs in Western Canada to quantitatively explore MCS. The second phase involved the grounded theory (GT) analysis of annual reports of 46 PSIs in Western Canada to qualitatively explore formal MCS in relation to changes in contingencies. The third phase involved the GT analysis of 20 semi-structured interviews of senior managers from PSIs in Western Canada to qualitatively explore informal MCS in relation to formal MCS and changes in contingencies. Findings The research showed that emphasis on formal MCS in Western Canadian PSIs resulted in biased compliance within informal MCS. The exploratory research also demonstrated that the distinction between formal and informal MCS was better understood in a wider framing of MCS in terms of regulatory accountability systems, competitive markets and organizational culture. Originality/value This research led to the elaboration of an exploratory theoretical framework to subsume the distinction between formal and informal MCS into an integrative contingency-based framework of MCS.

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Potter, S. G., S. L. Ross i L. C. Oddy. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CANADIAN OIL SPILL TRAINING PROGRAM". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1987, nr 1 (1.04.1987): 577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1987-1-577.

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ABSTRACT A comprhensive program has been developed to train industry personnel in Canada who have marine oil spill countermeasures responsibilities. Four distinct phases were involved in the design of the program: first, in-depth interviews with oil company environmentalists and managers and analyses of company oil spill contingency plans were conducted to identify the exact training needs of the industry; second, a detailed evaluation was performed of the numerous existing courses available in Canada and internationally in order to identify which courses could satisfy the training requirements identified in the first phase; third, a curriculum for the program was developed as were recommendations on program implementation, course delivery, and certification processes; and finally, specific courses were designed to fill the deficiencies of existing courses or to satisfy the unique requirements specific to the Canadian environment. The end result is a program comprising 12 training modules, combinations of which serve to train the five category positions in any company's oil spill response organization.

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Marti, Steve. "Frenemy Aliens. The National and Transnational Considerations of Independent Contingents in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, 1914-1918". Itinerario 38, nr 3 (grudzień 2014): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115314000564.

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The Allied expedition to Salonika was a controversial campaign of the First World War that diverted French and British resources away from the Western Front. To sustain this expedition without depleting existing forces, the Colonial Office approached the High Commissioners of Australia, Canada, and New Zealand and requested that each dominion consider raising a Serbian military contingent for service in Salonika. In the decades preceding the outbreak of war, South Slavs had settled in each of the dominions and the War Office hoped to exploit nationalist aspirations for a pan-Slavic state and mobilise South Slavs in the dominions. In raising these contingents, dominion governments weighed between fulfilling a demand of the Imperial war effort and jeopardising domestic stability by empowering a culturally-distinct minority that was the object of public paranoia. This article will examine how the legal status of South Slavs changed in the three dominions as a result of these recruiting efforts along with the conditions under which South Slavs were able to volunteer for service in Salonika. A comparative approach reveals how Southern Slavs were defined and how they defined themselves as they navigated the categories of enemy aliens, friendly allies, and subjects of the British Empire.

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Neill, Christine, i Saul Schwartz. "Policy Forum: Five Reasons To Be Skeptical About the Repayment of Canada's Student Loans Through the Tax System". Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 70, nr 3 (listopad 2022): 627–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2022.70.3.pf.neill.schwartz.

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Since the world's first tax-system-based income-contingent repayment system for the repayment of student loans was introduced in Australia in 1989, there have been suggestions that Canada should adopt a similar system. But there has been little discussion of the practicalities involved in introducing a new system where there is joint federal and provincial involvement and where the new system would replace a pre-existing and generous, if incomplete, form of income-contingent repayment (ICR). Joint federal and provincial involvement is a problem unique to Canada, and replacement of the existing system becomes problematic when that system is more generous than the proposed alternative. In this article, we identify five key stumbling blocks that make us skeptical about the prospects of switching to tax-system-based repayment of student loans in Canada: the need for intergovernmental cooperation; additional responsibilities for the tax authorities; potential costs to employers from further complicating the withholding system; challenges if the new system were to try to fit the current program parameters into the tax system efficiently; and the political challenge of gaining student support. While there are certainly benefits to administering ICR through the tax system, these need to be weighed against the costs.

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Behboodi, Rambod. "The Aircraft Cases: Canada and Brazil". Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 39 (2002): 387–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s006900580000761x.

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SummaryThe disputes between Canada and Brazil over subsidies to the regional aircraft industry were the first cases under Part II (covering prohibited subsidies) of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Duties (SCM Agreement) of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The PROEX case, involved the scope of the concept of “special and differential treatment” under Article 27 of the SCM Agreement, and the interpretation of the first paragraph of Item (k) of the Illustrative List of Export Subsidies as set out in Annex I to the SCM Agreement. The Canada — Aircraft case involved, for the first time, Article 1 of the SCM Agreement, which defines what practices constitute a subsidy, and Article 3, which prohibits subsidies “contingent, in law or in fact, upon export performance.” The case also dealt with important procedural issues relating to WTO dispute settlement. The author reviews critically these decisions with respect to both substantive and procedural issues.

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Howard, David Brian. "Flotsam and Jetsam: Art, Allegory, and Shipwreck in the Twenty-First Century (II)". American, British and Canadian Studies 40, nr 1 (1.06.2023): 150–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abcsj-2023-0011.

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Abstract This allegorical postcard is organized around two groups of photographs. The first group was the result of a joint collaboration with the Vancouver artist Scott Saunders and produced photographs which have peppered several of my previous texts published by American, British and Canadian Studies. The second is a series of photographs taken by Scott Saunders from the window of his apartment in Vancouver in which he documents the street life constantly ebbing and flowing on the sidewalk below. The catalyst for bringing these two groups together was a photograph I took several years ago in Sambro, Nova Scotia (a small fishing village located just outside of the city of Halifax) depicting a forlorn sunken fishing vessel. The term “flotsam” is applied, according to the Oxford Reference Dictionary, to “the wreckage of a ship or its cargo floating on or washed up by the sea,” while “jetsam” describes the things or objects deliberately “thrown away, especially from a ship at sea and that float toward land.” Combined, these images of words and devastated human beings are caught in an apparently endless circulation of violence and contingency located at the heart of the urban fabric of a modernity bereft of any horizon of hope, redemption, or rescue.

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Howard, David Brian. "Postcards: Flotsam and Jetsam: Art, Allegory, and Shipwreck in the Twenty-First Century (I)". American, British and Canadian Studies 38, nr 1 (1.06.2022): 224–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abcsj-2022-0012.

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Abstract This allegorical postcard is organized around two groups of photographs. The first group was the result of a joint collaboration with the Vancouver artist Scott Saunders and produced photographs which have peppered several of my previous texts published by American, British and Canadian Studies. The second is a series of photographs taken by Scott Saunders from the window of his apartment in Vancouver in which he documents the street life constantly ebbing and flowing on the sidewalk below. The catalyst for bringing these two groups together was a photograph I took several years ago in Sambro, Nova Scotia (a small fishing village located just outside of the city of Halifax) depicting a forlorn sunken fishing vessel. The term “flotsam” is applied, according to the Oxford Reference Dictionary, to “the wreckage of a ship or its cargo floating on or washed up by the sea,” while “jetsam” describes the things or objects deliberately “thrown away, especially from a ship at sea and that float toward land.” Combined, these images of words and devastated human beings are caught in an apparently endless circulation of violence and contingency located at the heart of the urban fabric of a modernity bereft of any horizon of hope, redemption, or rescue.

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Sicotte, Claude, i François Béland. "The Effect of Medical Work Groups on Hospital Resource use". Health Services Management Research 14, nr 3 (sierpień 2001): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095148480101400304.

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This study tests the ability of medical work groups to overcome coordination problems related to group decision-making in allocating clinical resources to inpatients. The study was conducted over a 32-month period in two medium-sized acute-care hospitals located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The data were collected by hand from the medical charts of 10456 patients in the surgical and medical departments. The Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) approach was employed to address the work-group issue using a task contingent model of work-group organization. In this model, the nature of the task is fundamental because its level of complexity determines both the organization of the work group and the use of resources. Medical work-group mechanisms should be efficient to the extent that resource utilization is explained solely by task characteristics rather than by work-group structure. In this study, the following two major organizational concepts were used as factors to explain resource use: task characteristics and work-group characteristics. Our analysis confirmed the main points of the task contingency theory as applied to the field of medicine. First, the results confirm that resource utilization is explained mainly by task complexity. Second, they confirm that medical work groups modulate their structures on the basis of task characteristics and do not explain resource use. The results also reveal a more complex model in which, for instance, the concepts of medical task and medical professional work are not easy to separate. The results highlight the interest in conceptualizing and analysing medical practice in work groups. It raises important issues that have seldom been taken into account in the study of medical practice variations, which has tended to focus on attending physicians.

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Sicotte, Claude, i François Béland. "The effect of medical work groups on hospital resource use". Health Services Management Research 14, nr 3 (1.08.2001): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0951484011912672.

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This study tests the ability of medical work groups to overcome coordination problems related to group decision-making in allocating clinical resources to inpatients. The study was conducted over a 32-month period in two medium-sized acute-care hospitals located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The data were collected by hand from the medical charts of 10 456 patients in the surgical and medical departments. The Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) approach was employed to address the work-group issue using a task contingent model of work-group organization. In this model, the nature of the task is fundamental because its level of complexity determines both the organization of the work group and the use of resources. Medical work-group mechanisms should be efficient to the extent that resource utilization is explained solely by task characteristics rather than by work-group structure. In this study, the following two major organizational concepts were used as factors to explain resource use: task characteristics and work-group characteristics. Our analysis confirmed the main points of the task contingency theory as applied to the field of medicine. First, the results confirm that resource utilization is explained mainly by task complexity. Second, they confirm that medical work groups modulate their structures on the basis of task characteristics and do not explain resource use. The results also reveal a more complex model in which, for instance, the concepts of medical task and medical professional work are not easy to separate. The results highlight the interest in conceptualizing and analysing medical practice in work groups. It raises important issues that have seldom been taken into account in the study of medical practice variations, which has tended to focus on attending physicians.

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Mackie, Vera. "Rethinking sexual citizenship: Asia-Pacific perspectives". Sexualities 20, nr 1-2 (1.08.2016): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460716645786.

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The term ‘sexual citizenship’ was largely developed in the Anglophone capitalist liberal democracies of the UK, the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The concept is thus inflected by broader understandings of politics in these places. In this article, the author first considers the specificities of ‘sexuality’ and ‘citizenship’ in these Anglophone capitalist liberal democracies. She argues that we need to provincialize these local understandings, for configurations of sexuality and citizenship in the UK, North America, New Zealand or Australia are just as contingent and locally specific as they are in the Asia-Pacific region. She then considers whether the term ‘sexual citizenship’ can be transplanted into places in the Asia-Pacific region with different political and economic systems, welfare systems and social structures, distinctive cultural understandings of sexuality and citizenship and different taxonomies of sexes, genders and sexualities.

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Castellanos, Luis Alberto Leal, Iván Narvález, César Julio Aldana, Franklin Velasco i Juan Miguel Moyano. "Ecopetrol - Petroecuador Oil Spill Response Agreement – Practical Steps to Effective Regional Cooperation". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, nr 1 (1.04.2003): 923–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-923.

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ABSTRACT In July 1998, there was an environmental emergency caused by an oil spill in an Ecuadorian pipeline operated by PETROECUADOR (Petróleos del Ecuador). One part of the spilled volume reached the Pacific Ocean and the marine currents caused the oil slick to approach the Colombian coast, creating an environmental hazard. ECOPETROL (Empresa Colombiana de Petróleos) activated its contingency plan in the Port of Tumaco to meet the emergency. As a result of the above experience both companies signed a Mutual Cooperation Agreement to Combat and Control Oil Spills Caused by Oil Tankers and Coastal and Marine Oil Facilities, in October 1999. The Agreement was established in order to allow for a quick and effective joint response in emergency situations of this nature. The bilateral agreement is activated when resources, staff and equipment of the affected party are insufficient. At present it is under implementation. In addition, ECOPETROL and PETROECUADOR, as part of the regional cooperation process on oil spill contingency planning led by ARPEL in Latin America and the Caribbean, involved the Agreement in the framework of the environmental cooperation program with the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) to optimize such agreement. This bilateral agreement represents the first real case in Latin America in terms of implementation of the Cooperation in the OPRC 90 Convention, through the joint work of government/industry, and serves as an example for the other countries in the Region.

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Rutherford, Tod D. "The State of Training: Learning, Institutional Innovation, and Local Boards for Training and Adjustment in Ontario, Canada". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 33, nr 10 (październik 2001): 1871–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a33209.

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This paper critiques the learning-region literature on two related points. The first is that the learning-region analysis of labour markets is theoretically underdeveloped, because it underestimates the difficulty of overcoming systematic skill mismatches, underinvestment, and free-rider practices which characterize unregulated labour markets. Second and relatedly, because it does not link the problematic nature of labour-market governance to the conflicts and contradictions of state policy, the learning-region literature effectively ‘depoliticizes’ policymaking. The paper draws on a case study of the development of local boards for training and adjustment in Ontario, Canada, and develops an alternative framework utilizing a critical governance perspective which stresses how knowledge and learning must be seen as part of state accumulation and hegemonic strategies. Such strategies are contingent on the representation of stakeholders, in particular business, and current attempts to develop decentralized associational networks are often part of what Jessop terms metagovernance. In the case of Canada, decentralization from the federal to provincial scales is viewed as crisis and cost driven and in many ways antithetical to stakeholder governance. Thus in Ontario, the development of a stakeholder-based form of labour-market governance has been marginalized by shifts in state-accumulation strategies and the inability and disinterest of business in representing itself in such stakeholder institutions. Furthermore, the local boards' generation of knowledge based on inclusionary networks and information is at odds with a state and business emphasis on knowledge derived from exclusive networks and geared to short-term profit maximization.

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Prest, Anita. "Cross-cultural understanding: The role of rural school–community music education partnerships". Research Studies in Music Education 42, nr 2 (18.01.2019): 208–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1321103x18804280.

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The inclusion of local Indigenous knowledge, pedagogy, and worldview in music education is increasingly relevant to music educators globally. This article contributes to the extensive body of knowledge already written on the subject by focusing on the contribution of such inclusion to localized societal change. My doctoral study examined the growth and contributions of bridging social capital to rural community vitality in British Columbia (BC), Canada via three school–community music education partnerships. I found that the members of one of those partnerships, the International Choral Kathaumixw Festival in Powell River, BC, engaged in ongoing cultural dialogue with local Tla’amin First Nation members over a 30-year period in order to foster meaningful inclusion of local cultural practices in that festival. This cultural dialogue ultimately contributed to more harmonious social, cultural, political, and economic relationships between settler and Tla’amin First Nation populations. The mandate of the festival, the ongoing music making activities that featured Tla’amin themes and cultural participation, the large contingent of local community volunteers and performers, and the physical commons created by music making all contributed to a shift in relations between the community of Powell River and the Tla’amin First Nation. I offer that the bridging social capital fostered by this partnership may provide insight and direction for music educators globally who wish to promote Indigenous cultural practices in their schools. A bridging social capital or relational approach based on long-term reciprocity with local Indigenous culture bearers may help music educators work towards more culturally appropriate/responsive curriculum and pedagogy in their practice.

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Worth, Nancy, i Esra Alkim Karaagac. "The temporalities of free knowledge work: Making time for media engagement". Time & Society 29, nr 4 (17.07.2020): 1024–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961463x20938593.

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This article situates media engagement as an under-examined form of knowledge work, offering a nuanced discussion of the temporalities of media work from the perspective of expert sources and contributors. Using in-depth interviews with expert women in Canada, we focus on the temporality of media engagement to understand the complexities of this labour—that it is often unpaid, ad hoc, and contingent. We offer three key findings: First, there is an ongoingness to media participation; preparation, training, and responding to comments are less visible forms of work beyond the obvious media contact. Unpacking the ongoingness of media engagement highlights the temporalities hidden within the extended present of media work. Second, contributors need to make time for this impromptu knowledge work, a complex process involving decisions about the value of each engagement. We argue that contributing to the media demands not only the knowledge work of being a source but also the labour to make and manage the time to contribute. Third, paying attention to the spacetimes of media engagement reveals the inequalities of this work. Contributing to the media often requires working beyond typical (paid) work hours and spaces, bringing additional burdens on women who do more caring and household labour. Examining the temporalities of media engagement as a form of invisible ‘free’ labour—and as a form of knowledge work that occurs inside other knowledge work—allows us to consider how work is changing in the new economy.

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Ford, Trent W., Qing Wang i Steven M. Quiring. "The Observation Record Length Necessary to Generate Robust Soil Moisture Percentiles". Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 55, nr 10 (październik 2016): 2131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-16-0143.1.

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AbstractThe ability to use in situ soil moisture for large-scale soil moisture monitoring, model and satellite validation, and climate investigations is contingent on properly standardizing soil moisture observations. Percentiles are a useful method for homogenizing in situ soil moisture. However, very few stations have been continuously monitoring in situ soil moisture for 20 years or more. Therefore, one challenge in evaluating soil moisture is determining whether the period of record is sufficient to produce a stable distribution from which to generate percentiles. In this study daily in situ soil moisture observations, measured at three separate depths in the soil column at 15 stations in the United States and Canada, are used to determine the record length that is necessary to generate a stable soil moisture distribution. The Anderson–Darling test is implemented, both with and without a Bonferroni adjustment, to quantify the necessary record length. The authors evaluate how the necessary record length varies by location, measurement depth, and month. They find that between 3 and 15 years of data are required to produce stable distributions, with the majority of stations requiring only 3–6 years of data. Not surprisingly, more years of data are required to obtain stable estimates of the 5th and 95th percentiles than of the first, second, and third quartiles of the soil moisture distribution. Overall these results suggest that 6 years of continuous, daily in situ soil moisture data will be sufficient in most conditions to create stable and robust percentiles.

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Jim, Alice Ming Wai. "Mise en perspective chiasmique des histoires de l’art global au Canada". Article cinq 9, nr 1 (17.10.2018): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1052630ar.

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This article offers a critical perspective on the pedagogical direction of what I call “global art histories” in Canada by addressing the apparent impasse posed by the notion of what is euphemistically called “ethnocultural art” in this country. It examines different interpretations of the latter chiefly through a survey of course titles from art history programs in Canada and a course on the subject that I teach at Concordia University in Montreal. Generally speaking, the term “ethnocultural art” refers to what is more commonly understood as “ethnic minority arts” in the ostensibly more derisive discourses on Canadian multiculturalism and cultural diversity. The addition of the term “culture” emphasizes the voluntary self-definition involved in ethnic identification and makes the distinction with “racial minorities.” “Ethnocultural communities,” along with the moniker “cultural communities” (or “culturally diverse” communities), however, is still often understood to refer to immigrants (whether recent or long-standing), members of racialized minorities, and even First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples. Not surprisingly, courses on ethnocultural art histories tend to concentrate on the cultural production of visible minorities or ethnocultural groups. However, I also see teaching the subject as an opportunity to shift the classification of art according to particular geographic areas to consider a myriad of issues in myriad of issues in the visual field predicated on local senses of belonging shaped by migration histories and “first” contacts. As such, ethnocultural art histories call attention to, but not exclusively, the art of various diasporic becomings inexorably bound to histories of settler colonialism and Indigenous sovereignty. This leads me to reflect on some aspects of Quebec’s internal dynamics concerning nationalism and ethnocultural diversity that have affected the course of ethnocultural art histories in the province. I argue that the Eurocentric hegemonic hold of ethno-nationalist discourses on art and art history can be seen with particular clarity in this context. Moreover, I suggest that these discourses have hindered not only the awareness and study of art by so-called culturally diverse communities but also efforts to offer a more global, transnational, and heterogeneous (or chiastic) sense of the histories from which this art emerges. In today’s political climate, the project that is art history, now more than ever, needs to address and engage with the reverse parallelism that chiastic perspectives on the historiography of contemporary art entail. My critique is forcefully speculative and meant to bring together different critical vocabularies in the consideration of implications of the global and ethnic turns in art and art history for the understanding of the other. I engage in an aspect less covered in the literature on the global turn in contemporary art, namely the ways in which the mutual and dialectical relation between “cultural identity,” better described as a “localized sense of belonging” (Appadurai) and the contingency of place may shape, resist, or undermine the introduction of world or global art historical approaches in specific national institutional sites. I argue a more attentive politics of engagement is required within this pedagogical rapprochement to address how histories not only of so-called non-Western art but also diasporic and Indigenous art are transferred holistically as knowledge, if the objective is to shift understandings of the other by emphasizing points of practice in art history as a field, rather than simply the cultural productions themselves. I propose the term “global art histories” as a provisional rubric that slants the study of globalism in art history to more explicitly include these kinds of located intercultural negotiations.

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Mitchell, Marc, Lauren White, Erica Lau, Tricia Leahey, Marc A. Adams i Guy Faulkner. "Evaluating the Carrot Rewards App, a Population-Level Incentive-Based Intervention Promoting Step Counts Across Two Canadian Provinces: Quasi-Experimental Study". JMIR mHealth and uHealth 6, nr 9 (20.09.2018): e178. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.9912.

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Background The Carrot Rewards app was developed as part of an innovative public-private partnership to reward Canadians with loyalty points, exchangeable for retail goods, travel rewards, and groceries for engaging in healthy behaviors such as walking. Objective This study examined whether a multicomponent intervention including goal setting, graded tasks, biofeedback, and very small incentives tied to daily step goal achievement (assessed by built-in smartphone accelerometers) could increase physical activity in two Canadian provinces, British Columbia (BC) and Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). Methods This 12-week, quasi-experimental (single group pre-post) study included 78,882 participants; 44.39% (35,014/78,882) enrolled in the Carrot Rewards “Steps” walking program during the recruitment period (June 13–July 10, 2016). During the 2-week baseline (or “run-in”) period, we calculated participants’ mean steps per day. Thereafter, participants earned incentives in the form of loyalty points (worth Can $0.04 ) every day they reached their personalized daily step goal (ie, baseline mean+1000 steps=first daily step goal level). Participants earned additional points (Can $0.40) for meeting their step goal 10+ nonconsecutive times in a 14-day period (called a “Step Up Challenge”). Participants could earn up to Can $5.00 during the 12-week evaluation period. Upon meeting the 10-day contingency, participants could increase their daily goal by 500 steps, aiming to gradually increase the daily step number by 3000. Only participants with ≥5 valid days (days with step counts: 1000-40,000) during the baseline period were included in the analysis (n=32,229).The primary study outcome was mean steps per day (by week), analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Results The mean age of 32,229 participants with valid baseline data was 33.7 (SD 11.6) years; 66.11% (21,306/32,229) were female. The mean daily step count at baseline was 6511.22. Over half of users (16,336/32,229, 50.69%) were categorized as “physically inactive,” accumulating <5000 daily steps at baseline. Results from mixed-effects models revealed statistically significant increases in mean daily step counts when comparing baseline with each study week (P<.001). Compared with baseline, participants walked 115.70 more steps (95% CI 74.59 to 156.81; P<.001) at study week 12. BC and NL users classified as “high engagers” (app engagement above sample median; 15,511/32,229, 48.13%) walked 738.70 (95% CI 673.81 to 803.54; P<.001) and 346.00 (95% CI 239.26 to 452.74; P<.001) more steps, respectively. Physically inactive, high engagers (7022/32,229, 21.08%) averaged an increase of 1224.66 steps per day (95% CI 1160.69 to 1288.63; P<.001). Effect sizes were modest. Conclusions Providing very small but immediate rewards for personalized daily step goal achievement as part of a multicomponent intervention increased daily step counts on a population scale, especially for physically inactive individuals and individuals who engaged more with the walking program. Positive effects in both BC and NL provide evidence of replicability.

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Perry, Barbara, David Hofmann i Ryan Scrivens. "Anti-Authority and Militia Movements in Canada". Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare 1, nr 3 (31.01.2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v1i3.822.

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Academic explorations of anti-authority movements are virtually non- existent in Canada. We have no reliable primary data or empirical insights into Freemen-on-the-Land (FOTL) or other similar contingents. What we do know comes largely from Associate Chief Justice Rooke’s decision in Meads v. Meads (2012). He refers to the loose collection of individuals and small cells as “vexatious litigants.” In the absence of any academic assessment of these movements, we embarked on a one-year pilot project, bringing an exploratory and multi-method approach to this first such study. It is grounded in interviews with law enforcement, lawyers, judges, notaries, and movement adherents (n = 32), along with analysis of open source data which included media reports, court documents, and movement websites. In terms of distribution of the movement, the largest concentrations appeared to be in British Columbia, Alberta, and Ontario. Quantitatively, participants noted the challenge in measuring how expansive adherence to the movement might be. Most, however, roundly rejected the oft-cited estimate of 30,000, suggesting instead numbers closer to 5,000 to 10,000. Another shift in thinking that emerged over the course of our study was that the “movement” we were examining was slightly more diffuse than simply the FOTL bloc. It is, instead, a broadly-based anti-state or anti-authority movement consisting of many diverse, and frequently contradictory arms. In fact, some adherents explicitly distanced themselves from the FOTL label, while others embraced ideologies and practices that bore only passing resemblance to FOTL specifically.

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Meza, Angélica Patricia Cordoba, Gloria Amelia Gutu Moguel, Esther García Páez i Olga Lidia Jiménez García. "Teaching spanish to migrants in the Soconusco region, Chiapas, Mexico". South Florida Journal of Development 5, nr 3 (5.03.2024): e3697. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv5n3-004.

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This research was conducted in the state of Chiapas, throughout the Soconusco region. Students from BA in English Language Teaching at UNACH (Universidad Autonoma de Chiapas) participated as teachers in basic Spanish courses for the migrant population, from January 2020 to April 2021. This paper aims to give an account of the partial results of a study; its main objective is to analyze the nature of teaching Spanish to migrants and people in mobility from different countries. Migratory movements are a phenomenon of special incidence in contemporary societies according to the Manifest of Santander (2009), one of the first works carried out in Spain in terms of language teaching to migrants and refugees. Given the need to incorporate the teaching of the target language into the global policies of care for immigrants, since their learning of the target language depends a lot on the active insertion in the host community (Manifest of Santander cited in Garcia et al. 2014). The Language school at the UNACH is a public educational institution with social responsibility that has collaborated with COMAR (Comisión Mexicana de Ayuda a Refugiados) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) seeking to protect the rights and welfare of refugees, migrants and people in mobility during their stay in Mexico. Thus, the Language School has carried out the implementation of teaching basic Spanish courses as a foreign language to refugees and migrants from countries such as Haiti, Surinam, the United States, Jamaica, Switzerland, Saudi Arabia, and Canada. However, due to the COVID-19 contingency, these courses were changed from face-to-face sessions to virtual mode during that period and after the contingency, the courses had been taught in face-to-face sessions again. In this sense, this research yields interesting contributions that can be taken into account for a significant teaching-learning process of Spanish as a foreign language or as a second language in the region of Soconusco answering the following research questions: What is the training of teachers who teach Spanish as a second language in the Soconusco region? What difficulties did they have while teaching Spanish as a second language? How effective were Spanish classes for migrants and refugees?

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Pavia, Robert, Jacqueline Michel, Jill Petersen i Lt Stacy Birk-Risheim. "AN INTEGRATED PROGRAM FOR SENSITIVE ENVIRONMENT MAPPING". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, nr 1 (1.02.1995): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-73.

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ABSTRACT The objective of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) national sensitive environment mapping program is to publish a comprehensive series of standard maps and databases for coastal areas that provide the basis for sensitive environment plans. Sensitive environment maps have been an integral component of oil spill contingency planning and response since 1979, when the first maps were prepared in advance of oil arriving from the Ixtoc I well blowout. Since then, NOAA has undertaken a nationwide sensitive environment mapping effort that covers most U.S. coastlines, including Alaska, Hawaii, and the Great Lakes. As part of cooperative efforts with federal agencies, states, and industry, NOAA is now undertaking a program to achieve three goals: map new areas and update existing maps, provide means for broadly distributing sensitive environment data in paper and electronic forms, and extend sensitivity mapping methods to new environments. In 1994, sensitive environment maps were jointly produced with the states of Texas, California, and Alaska. The Great Lakes materials were completed as part of a cooperative project between the U.S. Coast Guard and Environment Canada. With cooperation from the Marine Spill Response Corporation, NOAA is embarking on a program to format sensitive environment maps for computer-based information systems that help implement requirements of the 1990 Oil Pollution Act (OPA 90). NOAA, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Office of Pipeline Safety are cooperating to extend sensitive environment mapping approaches to inland waters and terrestrial habitats.

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Ali, Farihah, Cayley Russell, Ashima Kaura, Peter Leslie, Ahmed M. Bayoumi, Shaun Hopkins i Samantha Wells. "Client experiences using a new supervised consumption service in Sudbury, Ontario: A qualitative study". PLOS ONE 18, nr 10 (16.10.2023): e0292862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292862.

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Overdoses are increasing in the province of Ontario, Canada, where northern communities such as Sudbury have witnessed disproportionately elevated rates, with opioid-related deaths double that of the provincial average. To address this issue, governments have implemented supervised consumption services (SCS) where people who use drugs (PWUD) can use their pre-obtained substances onsite under trained supervision. In September 2022, the city of Sudbury opened its first SCS, ‘The Spot’, but the site’s sustainability is contingent on demonstrating benefit to PWUD and the neighboring community. We undertook a qualitative study exploring experiences among clients who used the consumption service inside The Spot. In December 2022, clients of The Spot were invited to participate in a brief survey which collected socio-demographic information and substance use profiles, followed by an in-person semi-structured qualitative interview. Participant survey and interview data were combined with administrative site utilization data provided by site staff of all clients who accessed the consumption service from September 2022 to August 2023 to examine overall service utilization and uptake. Qualitative data were analyzed using iterative thematic analysis techniques, and results were informed by common responses to research questions. The responses were narratively presented. Administrative site utilization data highlighted a relatively stable increase in uptake and utilization of the site since its inception. A total of 20 clients participated in the survey and semi-structured interviews. Participants described the importance of the site in preventing and responding to overdoses, providing a safe and comfortable environment to consume their drugs, and decreasing public drug use, which they suggested may potentially reduce stigmatization in the community. However, clients also suggested challenges, including issues regarding site operational policies that hindered consumption room utilization. Service suggestions made by clients to improve site utilization include the addition of inhalation services, relocating the site to a location in downtown Sudbury where PWUD commonly congregate, and extending operational hours. Positive impacts and recommendations can be drawn on and considered by other northern or rural communities interested in implementing similar harm reduction services.

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Pytlewski, Jarosław, Ireneusz Ryszard Antkowiak, Daniel Stanisławski i Joanna Siejak. "The effect of the country of origin of the sire on milk performance of primiparous Jersey cows". Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego 15, nr 4 (31.12.2019): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6367.

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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the country of origin of the sire on the milk performance of primiparous Jersey cows kept under identical management conditions in Poland. Experimental cows were divided into four groups: daughters of bulls from the USA, Denmark, Canada and Poland. The effect of the paternal group on the milk performance of primiparous cows was estimated. A two-way contingency table was prepared to assess the association between the sire’s country of origin and peak lactation. To present the course of daily milk yield during 305-day lactation, linear graphs were plotted with linear trends depending on the origin of sires of primiparous cows. Daughters of Polish bulls, in comparison to the other genetic groups of primiparous cows, had by the lowest daily milk yields, as well as the lowest concentrations of protein and dry matter in their milk. Primiparous cows sired by bulls from Denmark had the highest daily milk yields and the lowest fat-to-protein ratios in their milk. Analysis of the effect of the origin of the sire on the milk performance of primiparous Jersey cows during 305-day lactation revealed significantly the lowest milk, protein and dry matter yield and the lowest content of protein in the milk for the daughters of Polish bulls. Primiparous cows from this group and the daughters of bulls from the USA had significantly the lowest fat yield and the lowest dry matter content in their milk. Daughters of Polish bulls in comparison to daughters of foreign bulls had a significantly higher concentration of lactose in their milk. The vast majority of primiparous Jersey cows sired by imported bulls reached peak daily milk yields from day 31 to day 60 of lactation. The lactation curve and the first-order trend for daily milk yields were most advantageous in primiparous cows sired by bulls from the USA and Canada. The use of semen from imported Jersey bulls in the Polish population of this cattle breed results in increased milk yields in primiparous cows sired by those bulls, as well as beneficial concentrations of milk constituents. The results of this study indicate that under Polish management conditions the use of semen from Danish bulls is preferable, although further research should be conducted to determine the lifetime productivity of cows and concentrations of milk constituents.

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Tatar, Ovidiu, Amal Abdel-Baki, Christophe Tra, Violaine Mongeau-Pérusse, Nelson Arruda, Navdeep Kaur, Vivianne Landry, Stephanie Coronado-Montoya i Didier Jutras-Aswad. "Technology-Based Psychological Interventions for Young Adults With Early Psychosis and Cannabis Use Disorder: Qualitative Study of Patient and Clinician Perspectives". JMIR Formative Research 5, nr 4 (5.04.2021): e26562. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26562.

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Background The persistence of cannabis use disorder (CUD) in young adults with first-episode psychosis (FEP) is associated with poor clinical and functional outcomes. Face-to-face psychological interventions are effective in treating CUD. However, their use in early intervention services (EISs) for psychosis is inconsistent because of barriers, including high workload and heterogeneity in training of clinicians and lack of motivation for treatment among patients. Tailoring new technology-based psychological interventions (TBPIs) to overcome these barriers is necessary to ensure their optimal acceptability. Objective The aim of this study is twofold: to explore psychological intervention practices and intervention targets that are relevant for treating CUD in individuals with early psychosis and to explore factors related to the development and implementation of a technology-assisted psychological intervention. Methods A total of 10 patients undergoing treatment for FEP and CUD in EISs participated in a focus group in June 2019. Semistructured individual interviews were conducted with 10 clinicians working in first-episode clinics in the province of Québec, Canada. A hybrid inductive-deductive approach was used to analyze data. For the deductive analysis, we used categories of promoting strategies found in the literature shown to increase adherence to web-based interventions for substance use (ie, tailoring, reminders, delivery strategies, social support, and incentives). For the inductive analysis, we identified new themes through an iterative process of reviewing the data multiple times by two independent reviewers. Results Data were synthesized into five categories of factors that emerged from data collection, and a narrative synthesis of commonalities and differences between patient and clinician perspectives was produced. The categories included attitudes and beliefs related to psychological interventions (eg, behavioral stage of change), strategies for psychological interventions (eg, motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, stress management), incentives (eg, contingency management), general interest in TBPIs (eg, facilitators and barriers of TBPIs), and tailoring of TBPIs (eg, application needs and preferences, outcome measures of interest for clinicians). Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive portrait of the multifaceted needs and preferences of patients and clinicians related to TBPIs. Our results can inform the development of smartphone- or web-based psychological interventions for CUD in young adults with early psychosis.

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Sturgeon, Ralph. "Expanding Collaborations with Brazilian Scientists". Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry 11, nr 44 (2.07.2024): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.point-of-view-n44.

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Based on data compiled by the International Monetary Fund and reports from the World Economic Outlook, Brazil currently enjoys the 9th largest economy in the world, edging out Canada by a fraction of a percentage point in Gross Domestic Product.1 Achieving such a metric is a laudable feat and speaks to Brazil’s richness in natural resources, the power of its industries, and the availability of a technologically competitive and educated workforce. Paradoxically, Brazil also possesses one of the most unequal economies in the world due to the persistent high poverty amongst many of its citizens. Changes to this situation will require continued pressure for investment in education, targeting science and technology to support development and protection of intellectual property (IP) emerging from academic and public research organizations. Protected IP, a recognized prime driver influencing today’s economies, allows for innovation and improvements, driving global markets and societal benefits.2,3 Interesting statistics4 based on 2022 Scopus® data (an interactive search engine) place Brazil in position 17 (Canada at 14) internationally with respect to total publications in all areas of chemistry, rising to position 14 (and 18, respectively) when only publications related to analytical chemistry are considered and 16 (and 15, respectively) for the chemistry area pertaining to spectroscopy. Perhaps surprising to some, it is evident that Brazil is currently functioning at a relatively high level amongst its’ technologically peer nations. My first “awareness” of Brazil occurred in 1983, arising from a serendipitous meeting with the late Professor Adilson J. Curtius (PUC-RIO, UFRJ) as we both attended the 23rd Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale, convened in Amsterdam. He suggested I should give some future consideration to attending meetings in Brazil and remarked that he was contemplating organizing one focussed on GF-AAS (graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry) techniques, as this methodology was being heavily utilized for trace element analyses. True to his word, the “First Rio Symposium on Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry” was convened at the PUC in Rio de Janeiro in September 1988. This was a first step, at that time, in overcoming the general difficulties that scientists from South America had in participating in international conferences, i.e., taking ownership of an international meeting organized within South America which would draw international participants to foster face-to-face discussions. This conference was an overwhelming success and paved the way for a continuing series of such meetings that gradually expanded in scientific content and culminated, most recently, with the 16th Rio Symposium on Atomic Spectrometry organized last year by Prof. Erico Flores in Bento Gonçalves, RS. This 1st Rio meeting had a lasting impact on me as I experienced firsthand the passionate interest Brazilian analytical chemists had in establishing broader contacts and collaborations with their foreign counterparts, their open and pleasant disposition as hosts, and the varied geographic beauty of the country, all of which enticed me to return. Interrupted only by the COVID-19 pandemic years, I was fortunate to enjoy some 20 research-related visits spanning the past three decades, participating in all Brazilian Rio Symposia as well as other international meetings, including the 2011 XXXVII CSI, and several of those organized by the Brazilian Chemical Society such as ENQA, with its most recent 20th iteration convened in Bento Gonçalves. Equally enjoyable has been the honor of participating in Ph.D. defence proceedings and witnessing a progressive upswing in the capabilities in (analytical) chemistry throughout Brazil. During this time, some 13 visiting scientists undertook research in our Ottawa laboratories along with a half dozen sandwich Ph.D. students that I had the pleasure of mentoring. More recently, and since my formal retirement from the NRC in 2015, I have had the time and opportunity to take advantage of a number of unique opportunities to visit Brazil afforded by specific invitations supported by the Capes PRINT program, allowing stays of a minimum of 2 weeks to foster more in-depth interactions with professors and their students. I remain very grateful to the individuals who championed my nomination for these visits and shepherded the paperwork through the bureaucratic channels to turn them into first-rate successes. It was via such visits that a solid network of research collaborations was established; the first tangible evidence being a joint publication in 1993,5 which was followed by some 32 more between 1997 and present, all in international peer reviewed journals, as well as all the outcomes of mentoring Brazilian Ph.D. students or arising from visits of professors from academia or industry undertaking work in Ottawa. The practice and teaching of analytical chemistry has long been scrutinized in various editorials highlighting its perceived weaknesses, including its often diminished position within academic departments.6 One aspect, always underscored, but by no means unique to analytical chemistry, has been the benefits arising from collaborations. Much of modern science has, by necessity, become multidisciplinary in efforts to tackle ever more complex issues, requiring unique (and often expensive) facilities frequently unavailable in a single laboratory, as well as expertise spanning multiple disciplines to ensure success. Further, the generation of accurate, reproducible and robust results is often a given outcome from collaborative projects, enhancing the value of reported findings.7 Among other benefits, collaborations increase productivity, generally decrease costs, broaden participants’ knowledge, and shorten delivery times for publications, a win-win scenario for all involved. It is interesting to note that Richard Zare6 has recently co-opted the international definition of metrology as “the science of measurement and its application”8 to suggest that analytical chemistry be redefined as the science of measurement in an effort to raise awareness of the contributions of such activities to advancements in all areas of science so as to regain standing within the broader chemistry community. He further argues that “...we need more scientists working collaboratively, interacting with each other, and understanding exactly what it is we need to model and measure. Perhaps we could invite people who aren’t “traditional” analytical chemists but have a connection with measurement....”. My experience, stemming from such interactions, is that capabilities and global collaborations have grown significantly in Brazil over the past three decades; continuity of this progress is contingent on continued government investments in education, science, and technology. Certainly, the activities of the BrJAC as an international portal for these accomplishments serve a complimentary role.

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JPT staff, _. "E&P Notes (April 2021)". Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, nr 04 (1.04.2021): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0421-0015-jpt.

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Shell Selling Onshore Egypt Assets Shell Egypt and one of its affiliates have signed an agreement with a consortium made up of subsidiaries of Cheiron Petroleum Corporation and Cairn Energy PLC to sell its upstream assets in Egypt’s Western Desert for a base consideration of $646 million. Additional payments of up to $280 million between 2021 and 2024 will be made contingent on the oil price and the results of further exploration. The transaction is subject to government and regulatory approvals and is expected to complete in the second half of 2021. The package of assets comprises Shell Egypt’s interest in 13 onshore concessions and the company’s share in Badr El-Din Petroleum Company. Shell will shift its exploration focus in Egypt offshore, which includes seven new blocks in the Nile Delta, West Mediterranean, and Red Sea. Chevron Begins Production From Sarta-2 Well in Iraq Chevron has started production from the Sarta-2 well at the Sarta field in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, partner Genel Energy said. Gross field production now stands at more than 10,000 B/D. Sarta production is expected to increase from the existing two producing wells as facility optimization continues after production startup. A fresh appraisal drilling campaign is scheduled to begin soon, with the Sarta-5 and Sarta-6 wells set to be drilled back-to-back. Chevron is operator of the Sarta production-sharing contract (50%) with partners Genel Energy (30%) and the Kurdistan Regional Government (20%). Colombia Eyes Licensing Round Results in November Colombia is expected to soon reveal the schedule for its 2021 licensing round offering 32 blocks for oil and gas exploration, with results expected in November. In 2020, the nation awarded three areas to Canada-based companies Parex Resources and Canocol Energy despite the double-whammy of crashing crude demand and a global pandemic. With oil prices on the mend and an aggressive vaccine dissemination program, Colombia is hopeful that interest in its oil and gas acreage returns to pre-pandemic levels. The National Hydrocarbon Agency (ANH) expects to award at least half of the available tracts, which are part of more than 500 areas identified by the ANH in the country and include mature fields, emerging basins, and bordering areas. Exploration in Colombia fell dramatically in 2020 with only 18 wildcats drilled vs. the 45 planned, with most of the expected investment deferred to 2021-2022. While the country has allowed pilot projects testing for unconventional oil, there currently is a ban on fracking operations in the country. Israel Begins Prep Work for Fourth Offshore Round Israel’s Ministry of Energy has announced plans to launch the fourth offshore bidding round (OBR 4) for exploration licenses in the country’s exclusive economic zone soon. OBR 4 is part of a multiyear program to encourage the exploration and development of Israel’s natural resources to provide low-cost, environmentally friendly energy to Israel’s consumers and businesses and to develop markets for Israeli natural gas beyond its borders. As in OBR 2, the Ministry is planning to offer several zones to qualified companies, with each zone comprising approximately four licenses having a total area of up to 1600 sq km. Around 25 exploration licenses (blocks) have been mapped and will be grouped into six clusters. The exact dates of the stages of the bid round and grouping of the licenses in clusters will be determined later. No decision has yet been made on the winner of the license for natural gas and oil exploration in Block 72 in the third competitive bid round carried out in 2020. The Ministry will announce the formal commencement of OBR 4 and its delineation in the near future and provide detailed information on its website www.energy-sea.energy.gov.il at that time. Exxon Drills Dud at Bulletwood Offshore Guyana Exxon encountered noncommercial hydrocarbons with a test of its Bulletwood prospect in the Canje Block in the Guyana-Suriname basin. The well, located in 2846 m of water, was drilled to its planned target depth of 6690 m using drillship Stena Carron. Data collection from the Bulletwood-1 well confirms the presence of the Guyana-Suriname petroleum system and the potential prospectivity of the Canje Block, said partner Westmount Energy. Bulletwood-1 was the first of three scheduled wells to be drilled on the block in 2021. Wells Jabillo-1 and Sapote-1 are expected to spud over the coming months. Exxon operates the Canje Block via its Esso Exploration and Production Guyana unit, which has a 35% stake. Total has 35%, JHI 17.5%, and Mid-Atlantic Oil & Gas 12.5. Westmount holds a 7.7% stake in JHI. While the well results were disappointing, Exxon’s success rate in the area is still around 80% from 18 wells and expects its production from the region to reach 750,000 B/D by 2026. Neptune Earmarks $150 Million for Exploration and Appraisal in 2021 UK-based independent Neptune Energy said its exploration and appraisal spend for 2021 will remain flat at around $150 million. The company said it had up to 11 wells planned for the year including followup wells at the Dugong and Maha discoveries as well as a wild-cat at Dugong Tail. Dugong was discovered in the Norwegian portion of the North Sea in 2020. Neptune believes the prospect holds between 40–120 million BOE. Dugong is located 158 km west of Florø, Norway, at a water depth of 330 m, and is close to existing production facilities. The Dugong prospect comprises two reservoirs that lies at a depth between 3250–3500 m. The Maha discovery offshore East Kalimantan is estimated to hold gas resources in excess of 600 Bcf. In 2019, Neptune and its partners, Eni (operator) and Pertamina, were awarded the West Ganal production-sharing contract that holds the Maya find. An exploration well targeting the Dugong Tail prospect, adjacent to the south of the Dugong find, is slated for the third quarter of this year and will be drilled using Odjfell semisubmersible Deepsea Yantai. Interest Wanes in Norway’s Arctic Frontier Seven companies applied for new acreage in the Barents Sea in Norway’s latest licensing round, down from 26 in a similar round in 2013. The government had offered 125 new blocks in eight frontier regions of the Barents. More than 60% of the undiscovered hydrocarbons offshore Norway are in the Barents frontier, according to the nation’s petroleum directorate. However, appetites for frontier drilling have diminished as oil prices weakened and recent results from the region have disappointed. Companies that applied for the new acreage round were Norske Shell, Equinor, Idemitsu Petroleum Norge, Ineos E&P Norge, Lundin Norway, OMV Norge, and Var Energi. Oman Transfers Ownership of Massive Block 6 The government of Oman has transferred its stake in one of the Middle East’s largest oil blocks to a newly established firm. By royal decree, the new, state-controlled Energy Development Oman (EDO) will hold the country’s 60% stake in Block 6. The stake was moved from Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), another government-run company. Oman, which is struggling under a soaring budget deficit, is looking to finance its spending by leveraging its energy assets. Block 6 has a production capacity of 650,000 BOED. Shell holds 34% in the block, while Total holds the remaining 4%. The government appointed Haifa Al Khaifi as head of EDO in January. She joined from PDO and is also chairwoman of the Saudi Arabian unit of State Street Corp., the Boston-based custodian and money manager. EDO will also be able to invest abroad and deal in renewable-energy products.

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Lightman, Bernard. "Rethinking History, Science, and Religion: An Exploration of Conflict and the Complexity Principle". Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 73, nr 2 (czerwiec 2021): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf6-21lightman.

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RETHINKING HISTORY, SCIENCE, AND RELIGION: An Exploration of Conflict and the Complexity Principle by Bernard Lightman, ed. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2019. ix-307 pages, with notes, selected bibliography, and index. Hardcover; $50.00. ISBN: 9780822945741. *First some background to the making of Rethinking History, Science, and Religion. This edited collection by Bernard Lightman, Professor of Humanities at York University, Toronto, Canada, and past president of the History of Science Society, is the product of a two-day symposium on "Science and Religion: Exploring the Complexity Thesis," during the International Congress of History of Science and Technology in Rio de Janeiro in 2017. One can consider this to be a companion volume to The Warfare between Science and Religion: The Idea That Wouldn't Die, edited by Jeff Hardin, Ronald¬†L. Numbers, and Ronald A. Binzley (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2018).1 *In one way, Rethinking History, Science, and Religion is a focused and daring work. It asks a fundamental question directed at much of contemporary historiography in the field of science-religion relations: if science and religion are not perpetually in conflict, as ever so many historians have claimed over the past fifty years, is complexity a better, if not the best, way to recount the relationship between science and religion? Complexity is the solution first proposed by John H. Brooke in his now classic 1991 text, Science and Religion: Some Historical Perspectives (Cambridge University Press).2 In fact, Lightman dedicates his edited book to John H. Brooke, the leading proponent of complexity. *But what does the "complexity thesis" add to our discussion? Is it really a thesis? Is it a principle? Does it explain or does it rather describe the situatedness and contingency of the science-religion relationship, its cartography, as David Livingstone might say? Is its sole positive feature to discourage us from making facile assumptions about the relationship between science and religion? Or does it simply add another c-word to our vocabulary: complexity instead of contrast, concordance, compatibility, conflict, conversion, complementarity (or harmony)? Brooke has famously said, "There is no such thing as the relationship between science and religion. It is what different individuals and communities have made of it in a plethora of different contexts" (p. 321, italics original, Science and Religion). That statement certainly invites one to consider a complexity thesis. *Although the role of complexity has been a conversation topic for several years,3 Lightman wants to gauge the current "pulse of the field." He wishes contributors to test the "complexity principle" in scholarly contexts other than the usual Christian West (often seen as Europe and the USA/Canada), as well as in public spaces. This move invites an additional question: will the complexity thesis be able to provide a coherent narrative, or will it merely give us one contextualized example after another with no perceptible trend to bind them together? If there are many complex stories to tell, then it seems that a master-narrative or pattern would be a pipedream at best. *After an introduction by Bernard Lightman, the book is divided into three sections: Part I: The Local and the Global; Part II: The Media and the Public; and Part¬†III: Historiographies and Theories. The book concludes with "Afterword: The Instantiation of Historical Complexity," written by John Hedley Brooke. *Part I contains four chapters ranging from a local context (chap. 1, "The Stigmata of Ancestry: Reinvigorating the Conflict Thesis in the American 1970s," by Erika Lorraine Milam), to more global ones (chap. 2, "Three Centuries of Scientific Culture and Catholicism in Argentina: A Case Study of Long-Term Trends," by Miguel de As√∫a; chap. 3, "Reexamining Complexity: Sayyid Ahmad Khan's Interpretation of 'Science' in Islam," by Sarah A. Qidwai; and chap. 4, "Christian Missionaries, Science, and the Complexity Thesis in the Nineteenth-Century World," by John Stenhouse). *Each of these chapters addresses the complexity thesis with a different focus. Erika Milam argues that the supposed conflicts between science and religion "gained rhetorical traction" by both scientific creationists and die-hard evolutionists because they both denied the complexity of their own origins. Irven DeVore's studies of primate behavior is used as a template to test that thesis. Miguel de As√∫a identifies three trends in Argentinean scientific culture: (1) colonial period harmony, (2) nineteenth-century conflict, and (3) twentieth-century indifference. Sarah A. Qidwai calls us to carefully consider the interpretation of science in Islam rather than by Islam in the 1865 self-published commentary by Sayyid Ahmad Khan (1817-1898). John Stenhouse examines whether Ronald Numbers's suggestion that we introduce some mid-scale patterns (or generalizations) such as "naturalization, privatization, secularization, globalization and radicalization," aids us in understanding the complexity of science/religion relationships in the nineteenth century. Stenhouse concludes that a study of missionary science outside the West complicates Numbers's attempt to "simplify complexity," and does not do justice to missionary practices well into the twentieth century. *Part II contains five chapters examining the role of the media and public response to science/religion discussions and events: chap. 5, "Creating a New Space for Debate: The Monthlies, Science, and Religion," by Bernard Lightman; chap. 6, "Darwin's Publisher: John Murray III at the Intersection of Science and Religion," by Sylvia Nickerson; chap. 7, "The 'Harmony Thesis' in the Turkish Media, 1950-1970," by M. Alper Yal√ßinkaya; chap. 8, "A Humanist Blockbuster: Jacob Bronowski and the Ascent of Man," by Alexander Hall; and chap.¬†9, "Teaching Warfare: Conflict and Complexity in Contemporary University Textbooks," by Thomas H. Aechtner. *In summary, these chapters illustrate how insights from the study of print culture, communications studies, and visual studies have broadened our more "familiar grooves" of explanation and deepened our understanding of science and religion. *Part III is to my mind the most stimulating section, one in which some of the leading historians of science and religion present (their) historiographies and theories. It contains four chapters: chap. 10, "Revisiting the Battlefields of Science and Religion: The Warfare Thesis Today," by Ronald Numbers; chap. 11, "From Copernicus to Darwin to You: History and the Meaning(s) of Evolution," by Ian Hesketh; chap.¬†12, "Scale, Territory, and Complexity: Historical Geographies of Science and Religion," by Diarmid A. Finnegan; and chap. 13, "Conflict, Complexity, and Secularization in the History of Science and Religion," by Peter Harrison.4 *Focusing on two of the chapters: In a relatively short chapter (a "brisk survey" of eight pages), Numbers explores the factors that contribute to the continued support of the warfare thesis and the "growth of the opposing neo-harmonist point of view" (p. 183). Contemporaries such as Carl Sagan, Francis Crick, Stephen Hawking, William Provine, the New Atheists, and Christian and Muslim fundamentalists such as Ken Ham and Adnan Oktar are considered. Numbers chides scholars who legitimately question the warfare thesis but often do not address popular audiences. *Peter Harrison argues that we need to make complexity intelligible. Although historians are often averse to meta-narratives, he considers them to be both "unavoidable and indispensable." Harrison defends the utility of a master-narrative, at least something that rises above mid-scale patterns (such as those suggested by Ronald Numbers). He appeals to Charles Taylor's view of secularization as one way to begin to address the relation between science and religion. Taylor, for instance, distinguishes between science as cause of religious disbelief and science as a retrospective justification for it. Secularization involves a change in the conditions of belief which Taylor contributes to transformations within Western Christianity.5 *In "Afterword: The Instantiations of Historical Complexity," John Hedley Brooke reflects on each of the contributed chapters. He provides a concise judgement about complexity: "Understood neither as a thesis competing with other theses nor as a prescription to seek out complexity for its own sake, but as a heuristic guiding principle for a critical research methodology, it ceases to be trivial and has proven fertile" (pp. 239-40). *Brooke once again restates his earlier view on complexity: it is a "corrective to essentialist and reductionist narratives of conflict," and complexity's primary function is to critique conflict narratives as well as facile harmonizing ones. *For anyone interested in exploring the latest in the historiography of science and religion, read this stimulating and informative book. You will be challenged. Whether the contributors do justice to the central role and character of religion one will have to judge. I for one have my doubts. If we consider our lives as lived to be religion, then religion is not irrelevant to, or in conflict with, or an influential factor on, but rather the very ground for scientific practice. *Notes *1See my review in PSCF 71, no. 3 (2019): 183-84. *2See my essay review, "Telling the Story of Science and Religion: A Nuanced Account," British Journal for the History of Science 29, no. 3 (1996): 357-59. *3See Part 2, "Complexity and the History of Science and Religion," in Recent Themes in the History of Science and Religion, ed. Donald A. Yerxa (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2009). *4Peter Harrison's book The Territories of Science and Religion (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2015) has been described by Ronald L. Numbers as "the most significant contribution to the history of science and religion since the appearance of John Hedley Brooke's landmark study, Science and Religion: Some Historical Perspectives." [See Matthew Walhout's review in PSCF 67, no. 4 (2015): 281-84.] *5For a more extensive discussion of "science causes secularization," see Peter Harrison's article "Science and Secularization," Intellectual History Review 27, no. 1 (2017): 47-70. *Reviewed by Arie Leegwater, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI 49546.

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Aladejebi, Funké, Kristi A. Allain, Rhonda C. George i Ornella Nzindukiyimana. "“We the North”? Race, Nation, and the Multicultural Politics of Toronto’s First NBA Championship". Journal of Canadian Studies, 7.10.2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs.2020-0055.

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The Toronto Raptors’ 2019 National Basketball Association (NBA) championship win, a first for the franchise and for a Canadian team, “turned hockey country into basketball nation” ( CBC Radio 2020 ). Canadians’ burgeoning embrace of the team and the sport seemed to point to a growing celebration of Blackness within the nation. However, we problematize the 2019 championship win to tell a more expansive story about how sport and national myths conceal truths about race and belonging in Canada. We explore two particular cases—the “We The North” campaign and the media coverage of Raptors superfan Nav Bhatia—to highlight the contradictory ways that the Raptors coverage mobilized symbols of the North and multiculturalism to present the team as quintessentially Canadian and rebrand basketball for Canadian audiences. We further explore how these stark contradictions manifest in the racialized policing of basketball courts in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). These cases demonstrate that the celebrations of the Raptors and basketball not only continued to police racialized bodies, but also ensured that their inclusion was contingent on the maintenance of the status quo.

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Li, Jingya, Adam Metzler i R. Mark Reesor. "A First Approximation to the Cost of Contingent Capital for Canadian Banks". SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2431401.

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Davis, Lynne, Jeffrey S. Denis, Chris Hiller i Dawn Lavell-Harvard. "Learning and unlearning: Settler engagements in long-term Indigenous–settler alliances in Canada". Ethnicities, 22.01.2022, 146879682110639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14687968211063911.

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Drawing on three cases of long-term Indigenous–settler alliances in Canada, this research investigates the roles and contributions of settlers towards decolonization. As a multidisciplinary team of Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars, our research goal has been to understand how such alliances endure and change over time, and how they negotiate power dynamics, tensions and changes, within a settler colonial context. Taking a comparative case study approach, and analysing interviews, sharing circles and archival documents, we focus here on the lessons that alliance participants have learned from their activist experiences about settler roles and responsibilities. The three cases include (1) The Right to Belong: Indigenous women’s organizing and the struggle to eliminate sex discrimination in the Indian Act; (2) Shoal Lake 40 First Nation’s Freedom Road campaign to end a century of state-imposed geographic isolation and to secure access to safe drinking water; and (3) the alliance-building and solidarity activism of Canadian ecumenical social justice coalitions now under the umbrella of KAIROS Canada. While none of these campaigns alone equates to decolonization in the sense of land return and Indigenous sovereignty, each has helped create the conditions, relationships and transformations in settler consciousness that may provide the ground for decolonization. Taken together, the three case studies illustrate the contingent environments in which alliances are forged and the ways in which settlers take up particular responsibilities based on Indigenous-defined goals.

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Kukiełko-Rogozińska, Kalina, i Krzysztof Tomanek. "Oblicza wojny w kontekście teorii mediów Marshalla McLuhana". Adeptus, nr 10 (12.12.2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/a.1511.

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Faces of war in the context of Marshall McLuhan's media theoryThe article shows how Marshall McLuhan’s media theory is used to analyze photographs taken with an iPhone. The reflections were inspired by the blog of the Canadian photographer Rita Leistner, who participated in the media project aimed at familiarizing American soldiers’ families and friends with everyday life of the military contingent in Afghanistan. Leistner, for the first time in her career, used a smartphone instead of professional photographic equipment. Her decision was motivated by the need to edit photographs easily and publish them quickly on the Internet. The result of her work was a blog, titled Looking for Marshall McLuhan in Afghanistan. To describe her photographs, Leistner uses selected concepts defined by McLuhan in the second half of the 20th century: probe, extension of man or figure-background dichotomy. In consequence, the technological face of war can be better understood by the viewers of the materials she prepared. Oblicza wojny w kontekście teorii mediów Marshalla McLuhanaW artykule przedstawiono sposób wykorzystania teorii mediów Marshalla McLuhana do analizy zdjęć wykonanych iPhone’em. Inspiracją do tych rozważań jest blog kanadyjskiej fotografki Rity Leistner, uczestniczki projektu medialnego, którego celem było zapoznanie rodzin i przyjaciół amerykańskich żołnierzy z codziennym życiem wojskowego kontyngentu w Afganistanie. Leistner, po raz pierwszy w karierze, używała smartfonu zamiast profesjonalnego sprzętu fotograficznego. Wynikało to z konieczności łatwego edytowania zdjęć i ich szybkiego umieszczania w internecie. Efektem tej pracy jest blog zatytułowany Looking for Marshall McLuhan in Afghanistan. Aby opisać swoje fotografie, Leistner użyła bowiem wybranych koncepcji sformułowanych przez kanadyjskiego myśliciela w drugiej połowie XX wieku: sondy, przedłużenia człowieka czy dychotomii figura/tło. Dzięki temu zabiegowi odbiorcy jej fotografii mogą lepiej zrozumieć technologiczny i medialny wymiar wojny.

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Dumais, Lieutenant-General Marc J. "Military support of civil anthorities: Lessons learned at Canada Command one year after becoming operational". Journal of Business Continuity & Emergency Planning, 1.10.2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.69554/juco9467.

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Canada’s military now treats its sovereign territory as a clearly defined theatre of operations under a single operational command, Canada Command. Under this structure, there are six regional joint task forces and one central joint operations and planning staff. These regional structures were achieved with relatively light investment by double-hatting existing operational-level military formations. While this presents some challenges in terms of competing requirements, these are outweighed by the advantages of the more coherent and focused domestic structure. The first 18 months of operations have demonstrated that an interagency approach is the key to achieving Canada Command’s mission. Numerous routine and several contingency operations, including support to potentially catastrophic flooding in western Canada, have generated a number of valuable lessons learned. On a daily basis, Canada Command works closely with its domestic partners in Canada, as well as its continental partners to the south, US Northern Command and the binational North American Aerospace Defense Command. While much work remains to be done in the evolution of its domestic role, Canada Command is now the ‘go-to’ organisation in the Canadian Forces for matters of domestic defence and security.

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Ince, Nathan. "“As Long As That Fire Burned”: Indigenous Warriors and Political Order in Upper Canada, 1837–42". Canadian Historical Review, 19.10.2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/chr-2020-0039.

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In response to the crises of rebellion and invasion during the years 1837–42, Indigenous warriors in Upper Canada took up arms on an extensive scale. This mobilization was not the result of reactionary loyalism. Rather, like other actors of the period, First Nations communities participated in the upheavals of the Rebellion in order to further their own vision of what constituted a desirable political order within the province. By 1837, First Nations communities in Upper Canada were beset with settler violence, theft, and squatting, and successive imperial administrators had shown themselves to be unwilling or unable to fulfill their obligations to protect Indigenous property or maintain crucial diplomatic practices. First Nations themselves, however, had a clear vision of the proper Indigenous-Imperial relationship, developed over generations of diplomacy and preserved in numerous treaties, belts, speeches, petitions, and councils. It was in support of this established framework that the warriors took up arms. With their military clout suddenly amplified by the insurrectionary crisis, Indigenous leaders across the province made clear that their assistance against the Patriot threat was contingent upon the maintenance of their recognized rights and privileges in the political order of post-Rebellion Canada. While these efforts initially produced significant results, the growth of the settler state in the period following the Rebellion soon led to the decisive dismantling of this long-standing Indigenous-Imperial framework.

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Chatterjee, Soma, Shirin Shahrokni, Bianca Gomez i Monisha Poojary. "Another university is possible?" Comparative and International Education 51, nr 1 (11.11.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/cieeci.v51i1.14829.

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The aspirational postsecondary strategies of Indigenizing and internationalization claim to address pressing political questions such as racism and systemic inequities in the university. Through close examination of these initiatives in two key postsecondary institutions in Toronto, Canada, we show how these priorities instead betray strategic investment in diversity in three specific ways: First, universities are positioned as a horizontal ‘community of changemakers’ that are themselves disarticulated from global relations of inequities. Next, international and Indigenous students’ welcome is made conditional and contingent on their becoming ‘diversity informants’ for the university and its normative membership. Related to that, the claims of curricular diversity remain ‘performative’ and thereby reify established epistemic hierarchies. Finally, while the university is cast as a ‘fraternal community’ these various strategic priorities are managed and executed separately, thereby foreclosing opportunities for robust conversations across the university communities.

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Domes, Trustin, Sherrill Bueckert, Ganna Tetyurenko, Dave Hall, Avery Ironside i Kent Stobart. "Conducting a synchronous virtual multiple mini-interview using Webex for medical school admissions". Canadian Medical Education Journal, 15.07.2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36834/cmej.72370.

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Implication Statement COVID-19 pandemic restrictions abruptly changed the way interviews for medical school admissions have been conducted. This study is unique as it highlights the first successful virtual synchronous multiple mini interview (MMI) in Canada. Our low technical incident rate, troubleshooting strategies and approach may reassure other medical schools considering conducting a virtual MMI. Success was achieved with collaboration, a strong organizational and communication strategy, learning along the way and a priori contingency plans. Virtual interviewing in academic medicine is likely here to stay, and future work to highlight the impact on applicants will help to build on the diversity mission in undergraduate medicine admissions.

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Murphy, Thomas, Kerrie Murphy i Jessyca Murphy. "An Indian Princess and a Mormon Sacagawea? Decolonizing Memories of Our Grandmothers". Journal of the Mormon Social Science Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54587/jmssa.0104.

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In two extended Latter-day Saint families, individuals have employed a well-worn settler colonial trope of an Indian princess, as well as a Mormon variation on the legend of Sacagawea, to shape memories about Indigenous women as ancestors. Following larger national trends in the United States and Canada, these Mormons have employed selective memories of Indigenous ancestry as autochthonous legitimation of settler colonial occupation of Indigenous lands. Yet, these case studies stand out in contrast to current literature on racial shifting among self-identified Métis, Abenaki, and Algonquin peoples in Canada and non-federally recognized Cherokee in the United States because members of these Mormon families use stories of Indigenous grandmothers to solidify a white rather than an Indigenous identity. Like racial shifters, however, these families imagine their heritage as more autochthonous than American Indians or First Nations. This paradoxical identity formation is rooted in the peculiar narrative of a sacred text, the Book of Mormon, which represents Israelites (portrayed as white) as the original inhabitants of the Americas, attributes dark skin to a curse for wickedness, and makes legitimate land sovereignty contingent on righteous Christian belief and practice. The scripture imagines a future in which its Indigenous descendants become “white [or pure] and delightsome.” Two centuries of intermarriage of white settler men to Indigenous women have been among the various social means employed by Latter-day Saints to turn American Indians white. These images of an Indian princess and a Mormon Sacagawea are based upon harmful and inaccurate stereotypes that perpetuate settler colonialism.

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Shepard, Julia Rim. "An Examination of How World Vision Canada Communicates with Publics of Various Ideological Backgrounds and Moves Them to Donate". McMaster Journal of Communication 11 (29.11.2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/mjc.v11i0.1410.

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This case study explores how a charitable organization, World Vision Canada, engages publics of various ideological backgrounds and moves them to donate based on a number of contingency factors, as well as the community-building and co-creational theories of public relations. How the organization is identifying, communicating, listening, and responding to core audiences of various denominations and faith backgrounds was studied. Three salient points emerged from interviews, documentation, and archival records: First, the organization is able to identify and communicate with its broad base of core audiences, and it has been able to do so thus far by striking the right balance. Second, it has mechanisms in place that allow it to listen and engage with these audiences deeply and regularly. Finally, the organization needs to further articulate its Christian identity, to better communicate how development work is carried out in the context of its faith motivations, and to tailor communications uniquely for current and future audiences.

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