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Chlenov, A. N., i T. A. Butcinskaya. "Performance evaluation of video surveillance in fire-fighting systems". Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 29, nr 3 (19.07.2020): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/pvb.2020.29.03.95-102.
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Introduction. Rationale of the topic of this article is the need to improve the effectiveness of fire detection. One of the modern solutions to this problem is the use of video technology. The article is aimed at developing a method to assess the effectiveness of video surveillance in the fire protection system on the basis of the formed mathematical model.Methods of research. The fire risks theory is used for formation of mathematical model. The potential fire detection risk is introduced as a quantitative measure of the possibility of undetected fire occurrence at the protected facility, development and implementation of its consequences for people and material valuables. It is calculated as the product of the maximum probability of fire by the probability of its non-detection by the technical means and alarm systems used. The efficiency of video surveillance use in the fire protection system is determined on the basis of compliance of the complex risk index of fire non-detection with the permissible value.Research results. The possibilities of increasing the efficiency of fire detection through the use of video technology are considered. Reducing the fire detection risk can be achieved by using video channel fire detectors that reduce the time it takes to reliably detect a fire. The probability of reliable detection is an important parameter of the detector during its operation in the fire alarm system and characterizes the degree of performance of its main function. The main ways to improve the efficiency of fire detection are the improvement of fire detectors with video channel, the joint use of fire video detectors and other detection devices, such as automatic multi-criteria detectors, thermal imaging сamera, as well as the use of photo and video in centralized surveillance systems.Conclusions. The offered method of estimation of efficiency of application of video surveillance in fire protection systems can be used for a substantiation of parameters of technical means (systems) of the fire alarm system and passive fire-fighting measures established on the facility.
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Yuan, Chi, Youmin Zhang i Zhixiang Liu. "A survey on technologies for automatic forest fire monitoring, detection, and fighting using unmanned aerial vehicles and remote sensing techniques". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, nr 7 (lipiec 2015): 783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0347.
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Because of their rapid maneuverability, extended operational range, and improved personnel safety, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with vision-based systems have great potential for monitoring, detecting, and fighting forest fires. Over the last decade, UAV-based forest fire fighting technology has shown increasing promise. This paper presents a systematic overview of current progress in this field. First, a brief review of the development and system architecture of UAV systems for forest fire monitoring, detection, and fighting is provided. Next, technologies related to UAV forest fire monitoring, detection, and fighting are briefly reviewed, including those associated with fire detection, diagnosis, and prognosis, image vibration elimination, and cooperative control of UAVs. The final section outlines existing challenges and potential solutions in the application of UAVs to forest firefighting.
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Ahn, Byung-Chan. "A Study on Korea`s Fire Administration Development". Korean Journal of Policy Studies 3 (31.12.1988): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps03009.
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In the modern technological industrial society, utilization of fire is indispensable to the daily life nowadays. However, features of the industrialised society impose a big threat to the safety of human life, and thus require a more advanced means of fire-fighting administration. In regard to the characteristics of the fire-fighting, prevention and extinguishment of fires, major tasks for each have been outlined as: fire safety management, hazardous materials safety management, and advertising for the former; deployment of fire-fighting apparatus to the scene of the fire in a quick and safe manner. Current problems involved in such tasks have been made clear as the lack of devices or capabilities of scientific cause-finding laboratory work, and resultant chance of false assumptions. In addition to worn-out equipments, such things as follow have been added to the present problems: insufficient manpower; lack of water sources; obstacles to handle emergency calls; absence of tactics and instructions; and lack of self-extinguishing activities. Considering such defects in current administration, recommendations have been made as follow; 1) reorganization of the Ministry of Home Affairs and local governments so that professional personnels may more efficiently contribute to the fire-fighting today; 2) enlargement and enforcement of research and education function; 3) establishment of more efficient allotment of manpower far the mission; 4) securing proper water systems; 5) developing tactics for response in emergency; 6) securing of co-ordination of fire-fighters and civilians. In sum, ways of improving the attitudes of personnels engaged in fire-fighting; equipments, adequate training; and nation-wide telecommunication systems, have to be contrived for the future.
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Gorban, Yu I., i S. G. Tsarichenko. "Robotic fire-fighting systems using advanced fire suppression technologies with Russian priority". Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 31, nr 5 (10.11.2022): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/0869-7493.2022.31.05.54-66.
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Introduction. Fire suppression systems are stationary technical means designed for fire extinguishing. Their evo- lution relies on the general level of technological development. At present, automatic fire suppression systems (AFSS) are most widely used; they include sprinkler AFSSs, patented in 1864 by Harrison, UK, as well as new robotic fire suppression systems (RFSS). The purpose of the article is to analyze the trends in the development of fire extinguishing systems, and substantiate Russia’s priority in the development of advanced fire extinguishing technologies on the basis of robotic fire suppression systems (RFSS).Fire suppression systems: from manually operated to robotic ones. Sprinkler fire extinguishing has significant drawbacks; they are low sensitivity and high inertia. Fire monitors are among the main most powerful means of firefighting. Fires are extinguished by firefighters who are in extreme life-threatening environments. The issue of replacing a person during fire extinguishing was studied. Mobile firefighting robots appear in many countries. In practice, stationary firefighting robots are widely used. The first stationary firefighting robot was invented in Russia in 1984 to protect the Kizhi Museum. It was also applied to liquidate the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The first RFSS was introduced at the Leningrad NPP in 1989. Acting in close cooperation with the VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, FR Engineering Centre conducted research to improve the design and control system, establish the regulatory framework for the RFSS. As a result, Russia has become the first country in the world where a new type of automatic fire extinguishing systems, or robotic fire suppression systems, was introduced by the law. RFSS requirements are established by the Federal law No. 123-FZ, GOST R and Codes of Practice. Russia’s priority right for the invention of RFSS is protected by a number of patents.Conclusions. In our country, long-term research and development have been carried out to design new fire extin- guishing technologies named robotic fire suppression systems. Regulatory and technical frameworks have also been established, and a firefighting robot plant has been built. Now new fire extinguishing technologies, involving firefighting robots, are widely spread; they protect thousands of significant facilities of the country.
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Totsky, D. V., A. S. Davidenko, V. A. Borisova i K. A. Novozhilova. "Introduction of new professional standards in the education system of fire and rescue units of the ministry of emergency situations of Russia". E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 12112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127312112.
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An analysis was made of the current requirements for the training of fire and technical experts and external pilots of the emergency and disaster response system. By the example of training forensic experts of forensic institutions and expert subdivisions of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service of the State Fire-Fighting Service (fire extinguisher expert) the introduction of new professional standards into the educational system of this specialty was examined, on the basis of which the recommendations for modifying the educational program, in order to increase the quality of fire place examination were proposed. When extending the training program of the firefighting expert in the field of external piloting training, the trainee will additionally master professional competences in control and maintenance of unmanned aerial systems. Supplementing the training program for specialists of judicial-expert and expert subdivisions of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service of the State Fire-Fighting Service with labor functions in flight operation of unmanned aircraft systems, including one or more unmanned aircrafts, will allow the graduate of the educational organization to be awarded the qualification “External pilot”, which, in turn, will also improve the quality of the above-mentioned subdivisions.
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Çoğay, Sultan, i Gökhan Seçinti. "Phoenix: Aerial Monitoring for Fighting Wildfires". Drones 7, nr 1 (27.12.2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7010019.
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Wildfires have become a global problem in recent years. Authorities are looking for various technological and auxiliary solutions to deal with this environmental crisis. One of the advances being utilized in the forest fire field and its aftermath is unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). UAVs play a fundamental role in wildfire-fighting solutions due to their ease of use and high accessibility. However, the energy constraints of a single UAV and the fire areas make monitoring challenging. Therefore, to address these issues, we propose a monitoring application called Phoenix. We make three main contributions with the Phoenix application. Firstly, we implement a monitoring application consisting of path planning, graph engine, and modified TSP algorithms to help the UAV’s fire tracking and shorten its route. Secondly, we develop a network architecture to transfer the tracking data we obtained to provide information to the fire brigade and other firefighting units. Thirdly, we provide energy optimization for a single UAV mission. The first part of the application uses the elliptical fire model and simulation. In addition, Phoenix utilizes fuel moisture content (fmc) data of the fire zone to analyze the critical fire regions. The simulation results show that our Phoenix application reduces energy consumption by 38 % and enhances coverage by up to 51%.
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Kuznetsov, Geniy, Nikolay Kopylov, Elena Sushkina i Alena Zhdanova. "Adaptation of Fire-Fighting Systems to Localization of Fires in the Premises: Review". Energies 15, nr 2 (12.01.2022): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020522.
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Fire protection is a basic safety issue for all categories of buildings. The criteria for effective fire suppression and the characteristics of extinguishing systems in insulated areas depend on a combination of factors. The main influences include the type of combustible material, ambient temperature, type of spray extinguisher, air inflow and outflow conditions, and space geometry. This article analyzes the most widely used fire-extinguishing technologies in different locations. The main aspects of using the pulsed delivery technology of extinguishing liquid are considered. Based on the analysis of publications from the last decade, it is possible to develop intelligent systems for recording fires and extinguishing fires in the premises.
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Kalach, A. V., V. A. Rodin i S. V. Sinegubov. "Optimizing Fire-Fighting Water Supply Systems Using Spatial Metrics". Journal of Computational and Engineering Mathematics 7, nr 4 (2020): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/jcem200401.
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Molina-Pico, Antonio, David Cuesta-Frau, Alvaro Araujo, Javier Alejandre i Alba Rozas. "Forest Monitoring and Wildland Early Fire Detection by a Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Network". Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8325845.
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A wildland fire is an uncontrolled fire that occurs mainly in forest areas, although it can also invade urban or agricultural areas. Among the main causes of wildfires, human factors, either intentional or accidental, are the most usual ones. The number and impact of forest fires are expected to grow as a consequence of the global warming. In order to fight against these disasters, it is necessary to adopt a comprehensive, multifaceted approach that enables a continuous situational awareness and instant responsiveness. This paper describes a hierarchical wireless sensor network aimed atearly fire detection in risky areas, integrated with the fire fighting command centres, geographical information systems, and fire simulators. This configuration has been successfully tested in two fire simulations involving all the key players in fire fighting operations: fire brigades, communication systems, and aerial, coordination, and land means.
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Kaltenbrunner, Andrea. "Waldbrandprävention im Kanton Graubünden | Forest fire prevention in Canton Grisons". Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 161, nr 11 (1.11.2010): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2010.0460.
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Thanks to fast alarm systems and modern fire-fighting equipment most forest fires can be extinguished while still very small. Nevertheless, the fire brigade and forest organisations in the Grisons are recurringly confronted with larger fires. Over the past twenty years the Grisons Forestry Service and the fire section of the cantonal Building Insurance Company have invested in fire prevention and improved fire-fighting techniques. To monitor and assess the risk of forest fires, the computer-aided forest fire forecasting system “Incendi” was developed. On its basis, regional forest fire risk maps are drawn up and bans on the lighting of fires are imposed. For use in case of fire, the Forestry Service has drawn up maps of the whole Canton Grisons showing water supply points in and near the forest. Where there are gaps in the water supply, artificial water sources are being created. Fifteen years ago a concept of forest fire-fighting bases was elaborated. The most important elements of this concept are the 18 regional depots of mobile fire-fighting material, which in case of emergency can be transported where needed. The present-day administrative structures and the precautionary measures taken in the Grisons fulfil the conditions for efficient forest fire prevention and control.
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Павлов, Евгений Владимирович. "Conditions for effective fire fighting and opportunities of robotic systems grouping for fire extinguishing during large-scale accidents". Pozharnaia bezopasnost`, nr 4(101) (7.12.2020): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2020.101.4.013.
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Рассмотрены материалы, касающиеся сравнения условий эффективного тушения пожаров, возникающих при авариях на радиационно, химически и взрывоопасных объектах, и возможностей наземных мобильных робототехнических средств (РТС), состоящих на вооружении МЧС России, по удовлетворению этих условий. Актуальность темы обусловлена наличием проблем, связанных с малой эффективностью применения существующей пожарной техники в условиях крупномасштабных техногенных чрезвычайных ситуаций (ЧС), которые имели место в последнее время, и потребностью в научном обосновании тактико-технических требований к создаваемой технике. Представлен анализ крупномасштабных техногенных аварий, из которого следует, что необходимым условием эффективного пожаротушения на них является способность осуществлять его в комплексе с сопутствующими работами, с постоянным взаимодействием участвующих сил и средств при использовании различных способов подачи огнетушащих составов. Показано, что из созданной в МЧС России группировки РТС наземного применения не может быть сформирована эффективная многоэлементная система мобильных средств, действующих как единый взаимосвязанный пожарный комплекс. Таким образом, становится очевидной необходимость создания нового специального пожарного робототехнического комплекса (РТК). The analysis of large-scale accidents at radiation, chemical and explosive fire-hazardous facilities for the last time period showed that the use of existing fire equipment was not highly effective. Despite the fact that this problem was identified more than 30 years ago (since 1989, after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant), the task of developing and creating new fire-fighting robotic systems remains relevant up to day. For scientific justification of decisions concerning their creation it is necessary to investigate large-scale accidents to specify conditions for high fire extinguishing efficiency as well as to evaluate the capabilities of the existing grouping of fire robotics to provide these conditions. There was revealed that the necessary condition for effective fire extinguishing at radiation, chemical and explosive fire-hazardous facilities is the ability to carry out it in a complex with other related works, in constant cooperation of the participating forces and means when using various methods of fire extinguishing compounds supply. Factors that determine the conditions for effective fire fighting are the following: 1) protection against the damaging factors impact at emergencies; 2) management capabilities; 3) fire fighting capabilities; 4) methods of fire extinguishing agents supply; 5) equipment for hose line mounting; 6) capability for obstacle clearing work; 7) other fire fighting possibilities. Based on the analyses it is drawn a conclusion that fire robotics grouping existing in EMERCOM of Russia can not form an effective multi-element system of mobile robotics operating as a single interconnected fire complex for fire extinguishing during large-scale accidents at radiation, chemical and explosive facilities. The current circumstances require the creation of a new special fire-fighting robotic complex including exclusively domestic-developed robotics and meeting the identified conditions for guaranteed effective fire extinguishing.
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Stepanov, O. I., i S. A. Khudyakova. "APPLICATION OF MODELS OF INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS FIRE FIGHTING RESCUE UNITS". Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 46, nr 2 (28.08.2019): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2019-46-2-108-117.
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Objectives It was proposed to review the structure of the fire and rescue divisions management system, based on the decomposition of the forces and means of the subdivisions into fire extinguishing positions and ensuring fire extinguishing actions.Method The structural and functional model of the development of the fire and rescue divisions management system has been clarified, which allows to present the stages of the development of the system as components of a single fire extinguishing process. The reasons for the lack of information about the situation at the site of a fire in a person who makes management decisions regarding the forces and means of fire and rescue units are given.Result The analysis of information about the situation at the place of fire consumed by the person making management decisions. The structure of the database of the object of possible fire as a source of design parameters for the system of information and analytical support for the management of fire and rescue units is given. The structure of the settlement module of the system of information and analytical support for the management of fire and rescue units in the organization of extinguishing fires in buildings is proposed. The conditions for the interaction of the person making management decisions in relation to the forces and means of fire and rescue divisions with the software of management support systems and documents of preliminary planning of actions of the divisions for fighting fires and conducting rescue operations are given.Conclusion The software implementation of the models of information and analytical support systems for the management of fire and rescue units makes it possible to formalize the process of researching the fires that have occurred. The direction of perspective integration of models of information and analytical systems support systems for fire and rescue units in their activities is given.
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Hassan Mohammed Ali, Akram, i Weidong Yu. "Thermal protective performance of multilayer fire fighting fabric". International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 26, nr 3 (27.05.2014): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-03-2013-0032.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate thermal protection provided by the fire fighting fabric systems with different layer under high-level thermal hazards with a typical temperature range of 800-1,000°C. The purpose of these fabric systems was to provide actual protection against burn injuries using garments worn by industrial workers, fire fighters and military personnel, etc. Design/methodology/approach – The fabric system was consist of glass with aluminum foil as an outer layer, non-woven basalt, non-woven glass fabric containing NaCl-MgCl2 and Galactitol phase change materials (PCM) which simulate multilayer fire fighter protective clothing system. Thermal protective performance tests were applied for thermal analysis and used as an attempt to quantify the insulating characteristics of fabrics under conditions of flash over temperature. The surface of fire fighting multilayer protective fabric has been characterized using the UV-Vis-NIR (ultraviolet-visible-near infrared) spectrophotometer Findings – The clothing shows good thermal insulation and high-temperature drop during flash over environment and avoid second degree burn. The current PCM obvious advantages such as the ability to work in high temperature, high efficiency a long period of practical performance. Originality/value – Using this design of composite multilayer technology incorporating two stages of PCM may provide people with better protection against the fire exposure and increasing the duration time which was estimated to be more than five minutes to prevent burn injuries.
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HOMCHAUDHURI, BAISRAVAN, MANISH KUMAR i KELLY COHEN. "GENETIC ALGORITHM BASED SIMULATION–OPTIMIZATION FOR FIGHTING WILDFIRES". International Journal of Computational Methods 10, nr 06 (2.05.2013): 1350035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876213500357.
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Wildfire is one of the most significant disturbances responsible for reshaping the terrain and changing the ecosystem of a particular region. Its detrimental effects on environment as well as human lives and properties, and growing trend in terms of frequency and intensity of wildfires over the last decade have necessitated the development of efficient forest fire management techniques. During the last three decades, Forest Fire Decision Support Systems (FFDSS) have been developed to help in the decision-making processes during forest fires by providing necessary information on fire detection, their status and behavior, and other aspects of forest fires. However, most of these decision support systems lack the capability of developing intelligent fire suppression strategies based upon current status and predicted behavior of forest fire. This paper presents an approach for development of efficient fireline building strategies via intelligent resource allocation. A Genetic Algorithm based approach has been proposed in this paper for resource allocation and optimum fireline building that minimizes the total damage due to wildland fires. The approach is based on a simulation–optimization technique in which the Genetic Algorithm uses advanced forest fire propagation models based upon Huygens principles for evaluation of cost index of its solutions. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous environmental conditions have been considered. Uncertainties in weather conditions as well as imperfect knowledge about exact vegetation and topographical conditions make exact prediction of wildfires very difficult. The paper incorporates Monte-Carlo simulations to develop robust strategies in uncertain conditions. Extensive simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in efficient resource allocation for fighting complex wildfires in uncertain and dynamic conditions.
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Hwang, Euy-Hong, Sung-Eun Lee i Don-Mook Choi. "Statistics and Management Systems of Unwanted Domestic and Foreign Fire Alarms". Fire Science and Engineering 34, nr 2 (30.04.2020): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.56786e10.
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In the event of a fire and a disaster, prompt and accurate alarms inside and outside the building are directly related to the minimization of damage and the success of life evacuation. However, due to unwanted fire alarms in automated fire detection systems, the number of dispatches by misunderstanding in the 119 service is increasing. This causes the insensitivity to the safety of building managers and the waste of the fire-fighting power. Therefore, in this study, the statistical databases and literature on unwanted fire alarms in Korea and abroad (USA, UK) were identified and the management systems for unwanted fire alarms were compared and analyzed to identify problems of statistics in the management systems for unwanted fire alarms.
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Zhao, Xiaoyi, Zhile Shu i Xiangjun Pei. "Research and Perspectives on Fire-Fighting Systems in Tunnels under Strong Piston Wind Action". Buildings 13, nr 2 (4.02.2023): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020435.
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Guided by the technical requirements for tunnel fire safety, an overview of tunnel piston wind, combustion models, and full-size and small tunnel fire tests is presented. Firstly, the theoretical model and numerical calculation methods for piston wind tunnel fires are presented from the perspective of numerical simulation. Then, full-scale and small-scale test models for tunnel fires are presented, and the advantages and disadvantages of single-row, multi-row, single-fire source, and multi-fire source test methods are described. Finally, key breakthrough directions for future numerical and experimental research on piston winds and tunnel fires are proposed, specifically the mastery of underground tunnel fire development prediction methods. This involves mastering the full-scene elemental fire testing technology for underground tunnel operation systems; developing multi-channel data acquisition technology for fire tests under the effect of multiple disturbances such as high temperature and high humidity; and mastering the smoke flow law during fires in complex tunnel projects.
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Belomutenko, D. V., M. V. Istochkina, S. V. Belomutenko, A. E. Peskov, D. A. Golatov, M. V. Medvedev i E. A. Klenina. "Fighting forest and landscape fires in forestry". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 965, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/965/1/012053.
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Abstract Wildfire is a serious disastrous phenomenon for nature and the population of our country and the whole world. Wildfires, which result in enormous economic losses, take a toll in human life and affect ecosystems, are a fundamental problem. The article assesses the fire hazards of Leshchevskoe forestry in the Volgograd region. The total area of the forest fund of the forestry is 17004 ha. The area covered by forests is 9313 ha. According to the forest zoning the territory of Leshchevskoe forestry attributed to the steppe region of the European part of Russia of the steppe forest zone. The article contains natural and climatic characteristics of the forestry territories, the indicators of the characteristics of forest and non-forest zones of the forestry fund, the fire hazard classes, the tree species composition and the major forest types. The main causes of forest fires and factors that increase the fire risks of forestry have been identified. The list and terms of measures for the organization of monitoring and control of fire hazards in forests and forest fires, as well as measures for the organization of fire detection, inventory and monitoring systems on the territory of Leshchevsky forestry are set out.
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Bilir, Ahmet Çağrı, Ali Doğrul i Nurten Vardar. "AN EXTENSIVE INVESTIGATION OF FLOW CONDITIONERS INSIDE A FI-FI MONITOR". Brodogradnja 73, nr 4 (1.10.2022): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21278/brod73408.
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As it is known, to provide fire protection for any type of surface vessel, external fire-fighting (EFF) systems have been commonly used for decades as well as in coastal regions. These types of systems exist on several types of vessels such as fire-fighting ships, tugboats, supply vessels and naval vessels. Flow conditioners can be used in the EFF systems to provide better performance by regulating the flow inside the fi-fi monitor. In the present study, a fire-fighting (fi-fi) monitor was designed and different flow conditioners were implemented into the fi-fi monitor. A unique flow conditioner was designed in addition to the recommended ones by ISO 5167-3 in order to improve the performance of the flow conditioner in terms of head ratio and flow rate. A commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver was used to investigate the performance of the different flow conditioners. Before comparing the numerical results of different flow conditioners, the numerical model was validated with the experimental data and verified with appropriate methods. The results showed that the unique flow conditioner successfully regulates the streamlines and it has better performance than the recommended ones by ISO 5167-3 in terms of flow rate and head ratio. As the last part of the study, the effect of unique flow conditioner length was investigated and the best length was determined.
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Lee, Euipyeong. "Analysis of the Plan to Receive Emergency Fire Response Teams for Large-Scale Disasters in Japan". Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, nr 4 (31.08.2021): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.4.91.
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In the event of large-scale disasters requiring state-level responses in Korea, the Fire Commissioner of the National Fire Agency (NFA) mobilizes the fire-fighting forces from the cities or provinces of the entire country. Korea does not have a suitable system to receive support in disaster-affected cities or provinces. There is, however, a system to support disaster-ravaged cities or provinces in accordance with the fire-fighting force mobilization system under the Framework Act on Fire Services. Unlike Korea, Japan mobilizes registered emergency fire response teams (EFRTs) to address large-scale disasters. In addition, fire departments of all prefectures and municipalities have established plans to receive EFRTs to prepare for large-scale disasters within their jurisdictions. This study analyzes the plan to receive EFRTs when large-scale disasters occur and EFRTs are mobilized in disaster sites in Japan. The receiving plan includes the following: procedure for requesting EFRT mobilization; establishment of a fire support coordination headquarters within the emergency operations headquarters of prefectures; establishment of command headquarters and command support headquarters in municipalities; establishment of air command headquarters in the fire air corps of prefectures; and appointment of the heads of command for support units and command support teams. Additionally, the plan addresses the establishment of advance points, hutment places, fueling stations, command systems, communication operation systems, task assignment systems, and unit movement and withdrawal procedures.
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Saturday, Asha, i Ikebudu Kingsley O. "Design and Development of an Unmanned Fire Fighting Robot". Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology 11, nr 03 (30.03.2023): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjet.2023.v11i03.009.
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Burning of markets places and petroleum products tank cars especially PMS (Premium Motor Spirit) is alarming. These havocs are not only because the fire fighters do not arrive early at such scenes but the fire had grown into inferno that denies accessibility. The design, development and implementation of an unmanned firefighting robot are done to achieve a tool that will eliminate risk for fire fighters and extinguish fire perfectly to save lives and property. Development of automation systems, mobile, fire resistant, and unmanned robot to fight fire is aimed at assisting fire fighters in fighting inaccessible inferno like burning fuel tank cars, malls, petroleum products filling stations and houses. The robot will extinguish fire by water surf solution with the aid of control for its movement and up and down of the water nozzle .It is equipped with accessories that enable it for the controller to be able to manipulate and see the robot condition- MZ80 flame sensor ,and cameras controlled with an aduino microcontroller and two geared DC motors to aid movement and maneuvering .The design and development of the mechanıcal system, the electronic system, and the preparation of the necessary software are implemented with the use of CAE and FEA knowledge based software –Solidworks and Proteus for mechanical and electronic system respectively.
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Prybutok, Alexis N., Jason Y. Cain, Joshua N. Leonard i Neda Bagheri. "Fighting fire with fire: deploying complexity in computational modeling to effectively characterize complex biological systems". Current Opinion in Biotechnology 75 (czerwiec 2022): 102704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102704.
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Ingason, Haukur, i Ying Zhen Li. "Large scale tunnel fire tests with different types of large droplet fixed fire fighting systems". Fire Safety Journal 107 (lipiec 2019): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.04.007.
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Binio, Joanna, i Sylwester Kieliszek. "Analysis of the use for Fire Protection Water Supply Systems in public utility buildings and residential buildings". MATEC Web of Conferences 247 (2018): 00010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824700010.
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Regulation of the Minister of Interior and Administration of 7 June 2010 on the fire protection of buildings, other construction objects and areas, presents a number of requirements that must be met by public buildings and residential buildings requirements, among others, for fire-fighting water supply installations. The article presents an analysis of current requirements for water supply installations in public buildings and residential buildings included in Polish legal acts. In addition, statistical data on the size of the fire are presented and real water consumption in the activities of fire protection units during events. These data were obtained from the SWD PSP program, which is the basic tool for supporting the actions of rescue and fire-fighting units. It turns out that for the objects in question statistically the largest amount of fires are small fires, where relatively little water is used. On the basis of the comparison of the actual water consumption needed to extinguish the fire by the fire department with the requirements in force in relation to the analyzed buildings, too restrictive requirements for these facilities were noticed. Appropriate efficiency of the external hydrant network ensures the possibility of carrying out extinguishing activities. In connection with the above, one should consider the legitimacy of applying high requirements for the efficiency of fire protection installations in facilities.
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Chlenov, A. N., i T. A. Butcinskaya. "Trends in the development of fire alarm system controllers for fire alarm systems". Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 30, nr 5 (7.12.2021): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/0869-7493.2021.30.05.76-83.
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Introduction. Fire alarm system controllers are the main technical aids that serve as the backbone of a fire alarm system (a unit) at a facility. They consolidate fire alarm messages, coming from fire detectors, analyze, process, and deliver them to the user and display them in the pre-set format. The technical capacity of fire alarm system controllers is constantly improving in line with the technical progress and tightening fire safety requirements.Aims and purposes. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state of and trends in the development of fire alarm system controllers, that improve the fire safety of protected facilities. The task encompasses the retrospective review of principal tactical and technical characteristics of fire alarm devices for the period starting from the early 1950s to the present time in Russia, as well as the statistical analysis of the pace of their supply on the market of automatic fire fighting systems.Methods. Methods of system analysis and mathematical statistics were used.Results and discussion. The main stages of development of instruments for fire alarm systems that are reflective of the technical progress, primarily in the field of radio electronics, as well as the socio-economic transformations in Russia are specified. The article presents the results of statistical studies, carried out by the co-authors at different times and characterizing a change in the Russian market based on the comparative data on domestic and foreign alarm systems. The main trends in the development of the product mix and technical specifications of devices during the analyzed period are identified. The co-authors focus on the generalized layout of a blockmodular apparatus of a fire alarm system controller and determine the requirements for communication between functional modules to ensure the reliable operation of a fire alarm system.Conclusions. The main trends in the development of fire alarm system controllers, designated for fire alarm systems, focus on the application of new communication technologies and microelectronic devices that solve comprehensive safety problems with regard for the top-priority requirements of fire safety. The pace of improvement of tactical technological characteristics of devices is reflective of the state of and trends in the development of automatic fire fighting systems in Russia.
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Mikhailovsky, Egor. "Methods of mathematical modeling of fire extinguishing systems and their implementation in the ISIGR software package". E3S Web of Conferences 219 (2020): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021904002.
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The basis of fire protection of production, retail, warehouse, and other facilities are automatic fire extinguishing installations, internal fire fighting mains, and water curtains, which are an integral part of the water supply system. When designing such systems one shall perform the hydraulic analysis, the results of which allow selecting the required equipment mix, estimating performance of systems under different modes, and so on. The hydraulic analysis is usually performed either manually/with partial automation or using algorithms that implement numerical simulation methods. The latter requires readily available programs that greatly simplify making up the system of equations by forming an analytical model from the nodes and connecting branches. The software products currently available on the domestic market are either fail to deliver the expected benefits or have high cost and require user training. We present the conceptual and mathematical statement of the flow distribution problem with non-fixed nodal flows for an arbitrary pipeline system, including fire-fighting one, and the corresponding modification of the nodal pressure method that factors in the dependence of the flow through the nozzles (sprinkler, drencher) on the pressure (head) upstream. This and other problems lend themselves to solving with the help of the “ISIGR” online application package.
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Kulagina, T. A., T. A. Yenutina i V. I. Tereshkov. "Reducing the Risk of Fire Fighting in Harsh Climatic Conditions". Occupational Safety in Industry, nr 11 (listopad 2021): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-11-69-74.
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The sustainability of the development of the northern territories of Russia from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean, where the bulk of the country natural resources is concentrated in the twenty-first century, is determined by the integrated approach to planning and managing the risks of using machines, structures and equipment, critical and hazardous industrial facilities and technological support and support at the stages of their operation. Climatic factors have a noticeable effect on increasing the risks of abnormal situations occurrence in emergency situations, for example, on the efficiency of fire departments activity in the winter period of the year and at extinguishing fires in harsh climatic conditions, when water may freeze inside the hoses and in the working chamber of the feed pump. Due to a malfunction in the fire equipment, the scale of the territory covered by the flames can significantly increase, and the extinguishing process will become more complicated. Operability of the hose lines in low temperature conditions is calculated using Methodological Recommendations for ensuring the operability of pump and hose systems of fire trucks when extinguishing fires in the conditions of extremely low temperatures, determining the maximum length of the hose line before icing begins. It is shown in the paper that the maximum length of the hose line, that is, the distance from the pump to the beginning of icing, should be calculated using the heat balance equation, which is based on two equations of the first law of thermodynamics — for flow and heat transfer. At the same time, it is required to combine thermal and hydraulic calculations. The methods are presented in the article for predicting the operability of pumps and hose lines in the conditions of extremely low ambient temperatures, used in fire truck systems for extinguishing fires, including at the energy facilities. It is shown that there are errors and shortcomings in the Methodological Recommendations for ensuring the operability of pump and hose systems of the fire trucks when extinguishing fires in the conditions of extremely low ambient temperatures, including at the energy facilities. It is also shown that the maximum length of the hole line, that is, the distance from the pump to the beginning of icing, should be calculated using the heat balance equation, which is based on two equations of the first law of thermodynamics — for flow and heat transfer.
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Zhou, Jianfeng, Chaochao Tu i Genserik Reniers. "Simulation analysis of fire truck scheduling strategies for fighting oil fires". Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 67 (wrzesień 2020): 104205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2020.104205.
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Chen, Xiaoyu, Junjie Fu, Jialing Zhou i Yuheng Li. "Distributed Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Multi-Wave Fire Fighting Scheduling Problem". IFAC-PapersOnLine 55, nr 3 (2022): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.05.043.
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Lan, Kaixin, Bohao Duan, Shichao Qiu, Yang Xiao, Meng Liu i Haocen Dai. "Task Allocation and Traffic Route Optimization in Hybrid Fire-fighting Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Network". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 9 (30.09.2022): 340–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v9i.1864.
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With the increase of extreme weather conditions in the world, the probability of forest fires is increasing. How the forest fire management decision-making system can monitor and control the fire quickly and effectively is the key of forest fire fighting work. This paper uses SSA drones carrying high-definition and thermal imaging cameras and telemetry sensors in conjunction, as well as Repeater drones used to greatly expand the frontline low-power radio range, to support fire management decision-making systems. At the same time, explore a drone cooperation plan to deal with different fire terrains and different scales of fire conditions. The aim of this paper is to improve the existing fire management decision system in order to quickly respond to the emergency fire. Research object for the Australian state of Victoria on October 1, 2019 to January 7, 2020 wildfires, explore SSA drones and Repeater drones in the application of the forest fire, ensure that fire management decision-making system to provide the optimal number deployment scheme of fire task quickly and efficiently, and achieve the maximum efficiency and economic optimal compatibility.
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Kumar, Kuldeep, i Virendra Kumar Paul. "Risk and Reliability Assessment of Smoke Control Systems in the Buildings". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 10 (31.10.2022): 576–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47057.
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Abstract: During building fires, the most lethal factor affecting the occupants is the spread of smoke and toxic gases in the compartment, adjacent spaces, evacuation routes, and locations that are remote from the fire origin threatening life and damage to the property of the facility. Smoke and heat control in building fires is a major challenge for the egress of occupants as well as the fire-fighting operations. This paper provides an insight into risks due to the failure of smoke control and ventilation systems. Life and fire safety in and outside the building must also be analyzed in order to limit the spread of fire and control the spread of smoke thereby, offering adequate time and structural stability for the evacuation process as well as firefighting operations. This paper focuses on the identification of factors to establish the critical risk and reliability of the smoke control and exhaust systems in the buildings in an event of a fire
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Miraglia, Armando, i Matteo Casenove. "Fight fire with fire: the ultimate active defence". Information & Computer Security 24, nr 3 (11.07.2016): 288–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-01-2015-0004.
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Purpose This paper proposes an approach to deal with malware and botnets, which in recent years have become one of the major threats in the cyber world. These malicious pieces of software can cause harm not only to the infected victims but also to actors at a much larger scale. For this reason, defenders, namely, security researchers and analysts, and law enforcement have fought back and contained the spreading infections. However, the fight is fundamentally asymmetric. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors argue the need to equip defenders with more powerful active defence tools such as malware and botnets, called antidotes, which must be used as last resort to mitigate malware epidemics. Additionally, the authors argue the validity of this approach by considering the ethical and legal concerns of leveraging sane and compromised hosts to mitigate malware epidemics. Finally, the authors further provide evidence of the possible success of these practices by applying their approach to Hlux, Sality and Zeus malware families. Findings Although attackers have neither ethical nor legal constraints, defenders are required to follow much stricter rules and develop significantly more intricate tools. Additionally, attackers have been improving their malware to make them more resilient to takeovers. Originality/value By combining existing research, the authors provide an analysis and possible implication of a more intrusive yet effective solution for fighting the spreading of malware.
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Verma, Kamlesh, Debashis Ghosh, Rajeev Marathe i Avnish Kumar. "Efficient Embedded Hardware Architecture for Stabilised Tracking Sighting System of Armoured Fighting Vehicles". Defence Science Journal 69, nr 3 (30.04.2019): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.69.14414.
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A line-of-sight stabilised sighting system, capable of target tracking and video stabilisation is a prime requirement of any armoured fighting tank vehicle for military surveillance and weapon firing. Typically, such sighting systems have three prime electro-optical sensors i.e. day camera for viewing in day conditions, thermal camera for night viewing and eye-safe laser range finder for obtaining the target range. For laser guided missile firing, additional laser target designator may be a part of sighting system. This sighting system provides necessary parameters for the fire control computer to compute ballistic offsets to fire conventional ammunition or fire missile. System demands simultaneous interactions with electro-optical sensors, servo sensors, actuators, multi-function display for man-machine interface, fire control computer, logic controller and other sub-systems of tank. Therefore, a complex embedded electronics hardware is needed to respond in real time for such system. An efficient electronics embedded hardware architecture is presented here for the development of this type of sighting system. This hardware has been developed around SHARC 21369 processor and FPGA. A performance evaluation scheme is also presented for this sighting system based on the developed hardware.
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Erkut, H., i S. Polat. "A simulation model for an urban fire fighting system". Omega 20, nr 4 (lipiec 1992): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0483(92)90028-6.
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Rahman, Moin. "High Velocity Human Factors: Human Factors of Mission Critical Domains in Nonequilibrium". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, nr 4 (październik 2007): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705100427.
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Mission critical domains (MCDs), such as fire fighting, military combat, etc., experience periods of nonequilibrium. This typically occurs when extended periods of low grade activity are punctuated by intense, high stakes actions unfolding at high velocities (e.g., fighting a fire, engaging in combat, etc.). These periods of nonequilibrium are typically characterized by volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity. Human agents operating under these conditions experience a variety of reactions, such as emotional modulation of cognition, recognition primed decision making, among others. To study this phenomenon a construct named High Velocity Human Factors (HVHF) is defined and described. On the practical side, the HVHF framework will be used to analyze demands placed on personnel operating in MCDs and inform the design of systems and solutions.
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Shorin, V. A., V. S. Litvinov, E. P. Vasil'ev i A. V. Shorin. "Abrasion protection of silicate enamel coating of engineering network nodes in field conditions". Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 22, nr 3 (29.06.2020): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2020-22-3-106-111.
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The paper proposes methods for protecting the internal silicate-enamel coating of pipes in field conditions. It is shown that the proposed methods are highly efficient for manual mechanical cutting, chamfering, cutting edges with abrasive tools with vulcanite cutting discs for welding, in manufacturing and assembling the engineering systems, transportation of aggressive products, and fire fighting systems.It is shown that the most appropriate method for preservation of the internal silicate-enamel coating is its preliminary annular incision and sizing of the cut place with a thin cloth (calico) impregnated with quick-drying glue, and clay coating protection from hot metal particles. This method is recommended to be used when cutting pipes, fittings, segments, processing their chamfers and cutting edges, in manufacturing of network nodes (fire-fighting systems) in field conditions.The proposed methods will significantly increase the operating life and reliability of engineering networks with silicate-enamel coating for the transportation of aggressive products and, as a result, technical safety of trouble-free facilities.
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Pozdnyakov, A. A., i A. N. Kashin. "Forecast of the operational situation in fire extinguishing in the new building of Irkutsk perinatal center". XXI Century. Technosphere Safety 7, nr 4 (1.01.2023): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2500-1582-2022-4-365-373.
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The protection of maternity hospitals and perinatal centers in Russia from fires is a crucial problem associated both with the functions of these institutions and their insufficient funding. The main factors affecting the safety of people in a fire are actions of firefighters and medical staff. The aim of the study is to develop measures aimed to improve the efficiency of fire-fighting units in extinguishing fires in maternity hospitals and perinatal centers using the example of the new building of Irkutsk perinatal center. The methods for predicting the operational situation in a fire and determining the volume of forces and means of firefighting formations were used. Based on the results, a forecast for the development of the most dangerous fire at Irkutsk Perinatal Center was created, and the volumes of technical equipment and the number of fire-fighting staff required to save people, extinguish the fire and protect neighboring premises were determined. The fire extinguishing schemes were developed. Organizational and technical measures aimed to improve the efficiency of evacuation of patients and medical staff were proposed. The need to develop a code of rules meeting the fire safety requirements was emphasized. The code should establish standards for means used for saving people and fire protection systems in the design, construction, overhaul, reconstruction and operation of maternity hospitals and perinatal centers.
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Jung, Jik-Han, Byung-Wook Kim, Sang-Uk Park, Dong-Jo Park i Jung-Hyun Park. "Wireless Digital Packet Communication and Analog Image Communication Systems for Fire Fighting Robot". Journal of Control, Automation and Systems Engineering 13, nr 2 (1.02.2007): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5302/j.icros.2007.13.2.121.
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Stipić, Matija, Dušan Prodanović i Srđan Kolaković. "Rationalisation and reliability improvement of fire-fighting systems – the Novi Sad case study". Urban Water Journal 6, nr 2 (czerwiec 2009): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15730620802541649.
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Zadeh, Nastaran Reza Nazar, Ameralden H. Abdulwakil, Mike Joshua R. Amar, Bernadette Durante i Christian Vincent Nico Reblando Santos. "Fire-fighting UAV with shooting mechanism of fire extinguishing ball for smart city". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, nr 3 (1.06.2021): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i3.pp1320-1326.
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With the growth of technology and massive city development, firefighting services have become more challenging to cope with a smart-city concept. One of the challenges that firefighters are facing is reaching the top floors of high-raised buildings. Firefighters need heavy and oversized pieces of equipment to reach top floors, which they sometimes fail to deliver on time due to big cities' traffic. The proposed solution to this global problem is using firefighting unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to reach the top floors fast and efficiently; It can also provide a better vision for the firefighting team and slow down the spread of fire using fire extinguishing ball. In this paper, a noble design for a Firefighting UAV with shooting and dropping mechanism of fire extinguishing ball has been developed and successfully tested. A Camera with night vision has been integrated into the UAV to provide a helpful aid for firefighters. The UAV has a controller with a 2.4 GHz radio frequency (RF) signal and video surveillance to regulate the UAV's movement. The controller is also for activating the shooting and dropping mechanism. The researchers examined the behavior of the drone in terms of its stability and functionality.
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Liu, Yong-tao, Rui-zhi Sun, Tian-yi Zhang, Xiang-nan Zhang, Li Li i Guo-qing Shi. "Warehouse-Oriented Optimal Path Planning for Autonomous Mobile Fire-Fighting Robots". Security and Communication Networks 2020 (20.06.2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6371814.
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In order to achieve the fastest fire-fighting purpose, warehouse autonomous mobile fire-fighting robots need to make an overall optimal planning based on the principle of the shortest time for their traveling path. A∗ algorithm is considered as a very ideal shortest path planning algorithm, but the shortest path is not necessarily the optimal path for robots. Furthermore, the conventional A∗ algorithm is affected by the search neighborhood restriction and the theoretical characteristics, so there are many problems, which are closing to obstacles, more inflection points, more redundant points, larger total turning angle, etc. Therefore, A∗ algorithm is improved in eight ways, and the inflection point prior strategy is adopted to compromise Floyd algorithm and A∗ algorithm in this paper. According to the criterion of the inflection point in this paper, the path inflection point arrays are constructed and traveling all path nodes are replaced by traveling path inflection points for the conventional Floyd algorithm backtracking, so it greatly reduces the backtracking time of the smooth path. In addition, this paper adopts the method of the extended grid map obstacle space in path planning safety distance. According to the relationship between the actual scale of the warehouse grid map and the size of the robot body, the different safe distance between the planning path and the obstacles is obtained, so that the algorithm can be applied to the safe path planning of the different size robots in any map environments. Finally, compared with the conventional A∗ algorithm, the improved algorithm reduces by 7.846% for the path length, reduces by 71.429% for the number of the cumulative turns, and reduces by 75% for the cumulative turning angle through the experiment. The proposed method can ensure robots to move fast on the planning path and ultimately achieve the goal of reducing the number of inflection points, reducing the cumulative turning angle, and reducing the path planning time.
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Govind, A., P. M. Rajasree, V. J. Karthik i Shaun Q. Y. Tan. "An approach into navigation and vision for autonomous fire fighting robots". International Journal of Advanced Mechatronic Systems 10, nr 3 (2023): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijamechs.2023.10057921.
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Tan, Shaun Q. Y., V. J. Karthik, A. Govind i P. M. Rajasree. "An approach into navigation and vision for autonomous fire fighting robots". International Journal of Advanced Mechatronic Systems 10, nr 3 (2023): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijamechs.2023.132522.
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Madhevan, B., R. Sakkaravarthi, G. Mandeep Singh, R. Diya i Durgesh Kumar Jha. "Modelling, Simulation and Mechatronics Design of a Wireless Automatic Fire Fighting Surveillance Robot". Defence Science Journal 67, nr 5 (19.09.2017): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.67.10237.
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<span>The aim of this study is to design and develop an autonomous fire proof rescue robot. The robot is designed in such a way, that it can traverse through fire and hazardous situations. Further, it will sense and communicate information regarding these situations in real time with the server. The robot is fixed with multi-sensors and further, a driver circuit has been integrated for communication in these hazardous situations through Zigbee and a data acquisition system (DAQ). In mechanical design first, a 3D solid model is generated using Solid works software to understand the basic structure of robot which provides information regarding robotic platform, size and location of various components. The developed fire fighting robot is a predominately outdoor ground-based mobile robotic system with onboard subdual systems that can traverse autonomously in the hazardous environment. The robot is designed such that it can traverse into the fire and send information regarding the fire behaviour and also the images of the victim’s location by using a camera. Further, a mathematical model which describes the kinematics and dynamic behaviour of robot motion are done. V-REP is used to create the simulation of the robot in a fire simulated fire environment. Finally, for the path planning, various techniques are discussed such as V-REPs inbuilt path planning module, A*, Fuzzy logic and artificial potential fields.</span>
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Toledo-Castro, Josué, Pino Caballero-Gil, Nayra Rodríguez-Pérez, Iván Santos-González, Candelaria Hernández-Goya i Ricardo Aguasca-Colomo. "Forest Fire Prevention, Detection, and Fighting Based on Fuzzy Logic and Wireless Sensor Networks". Complexity 2018 (2.12.2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1639715.
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Huge losses and serious threats to ecosystems are common consequences of forest fires. This work describes a forest fire controller based on fuzzy logic and decision-making methods aiming at enhancing forest fire prevention, detection, and fighting systems. In the proposal, the environmental monitoring of several dynamic risk factors is performed with wireless sensor networks and analysed with the proposed fuzzy-based controller. With respect to this, meteorological variables, polluting gases and the oxygen level are measured in real time to estimate the existence of forest fire risks in the short-term and to detect the recent occurrence of fire outbreaks over different forest areas. Besides, the Analytic Hierarchy Process method is used to determine the level of fire spread, and, when necessary, environmental alerts are sent by a Web service and received by a mobile application. For this purpose, integrity, confidentiality, and authenticity of environmental information and alerts are protected with implementations of Lamport’s authentication scheme, Diffie-Lamport signature, and AES-CBC block cipher.
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Yakovchuk, R., A. Kuzyk, O. Yemelyanenko, T. Skorobagatko i O. Dobrostan. "ANALYSIS OF FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES IN CONSTRUCTION OF EXTERIOR WALLS FIT WITH FAÇADE HEAT INSULATION AND FINISHED WITH PLASTER". Scientific bulletin: Сivil protection and fire safety 1, nr 2 (18.02.2020): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33269/nvcz.2019.2.67-73.
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The purpose of the work is to analyze fire prevention measures in structures of external walls with facade thermal insulation and plastering, as well as to analyze the features of their arrangement, taking into account the experience of neighboring countries. The application of exterior wall designs with facade thermal insulation with plaster finish, as well as problems related to their fire hazard, are substantiated. The works are analyzed to investigate the problems of fire safety of exterior wall structures with facade thermal insulation and plastering, as well as hinged facade systems. The types, design features, purpose and functions of fire belts and framing of window (door) openings made of non-combustible materials, which are arranged in exterior wall designs with facade thermal insulation and plaster finish, are considered and analyzed. The role of floor fire belts and the framing of window (door) openings made of non-combustible mineral wool boards have been established.
It is concluded that the use of structures of the exterior walls of residential buildings with facade thermal insulation with a combustible insulation and plastering significantly increases their level of fire danger. This danger will depend both on the properties of the individual materials (in particular the insulation), and on the design features of the entire thermal insulation system and the building as a whole. For plaster systems of thermal insulation of facades, the rapid spread of fire on the higher and lower floors of the building is a big threat. Frequent causes of fire of thermal insulation systems of external walls is the tipping of fire from a window opening of a building as a result of intense fire indoors. Materials of decorative and protective finishing of walls should meet requirements of normative documents on designs of external walls with facade thermal insulation and plaster finish, and their constructive execution will depend on the height of the building and functional purpose of the object. Fire-fighting measures, foreseeing in the construction of exterior walls with facade thermal insulation and plastering, intended to ensure their fire safety during the time necessary for the safe evacuation of people from the building, the arrival of units of fire and rescue units and extending the fire throughout its distribution.
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Hulida, E. M., O. M. Koval i V. V. Sharii. "PROVIDING FIRE PROTECTION OF INDUSTRIAL WAREHOUSE FACILITIES CONSIDERING FIRE RISK". Fire Safety, nr 34 (19.07.2019): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.34.2019.05.
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Formulation of the problem. Minimizing the consequences of fires is the problem of particular importance for the cities of Ukraine. Closed and open warehouses in industrial enterprises are the buildings of the highest risk. Due to the results of the analysis, the problem is that insufficient consideration is given to the provision of fire protection of industrial warehouse facilities. Proceeding from the above it is possible to state that the elaboration of the main directions of provision of fire protection of industrial warehouse facilities is very important. The goal of the work. To develop a methodology for providing fire protection of industrial warehouse facilities taking into account the fire risk. Tasks setting and their solution. To ensure the fire protection of industrial warehouse facilities, the following tasks must be addressed as a priority: 1) to develop a classification of industrial warehouse facilities for the possible grouping of fire-prevention means for protection of such facilities during fires; 2) to develop mathematical dependencies for determining the required number of fire-prevention means for industrial warehouse facilities; 3) to develop a methodology for providing fire protection of industrial warehouse facilities taking into account the fire risk. To solve the first problem, recommendations were taken into account, on the basis of which the scheme of classification of industrial warehouse facilities was developed. In order to solve the second task in the first stage, all necessary fire protection facilities were determined to ensure the fire safety of industrial warehouse facilities. After accepting all necessary fire-fighting equipment for the provision of fire safety of industrial warehouse facilities, mathematical dependencies have been developed to determine their required quantity. To solve the third task the recommendations of the World Health Organization and the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated February 29, 2012, № 306 was used. Taking into account the above mentioned fire protection systems, mathematical models of fire risk calculation for closed, semi-closed and open industrial and warehouse facilities were developed. Conclusions and specific suggestions: 1. The mathematical models of fire risks for closed, semi-closed and open industrial warehouse facilities are given, which make it possible to develop a methodology for determining the optimal amount of fire-fighting equipment and thereby provide fire protection for these objects. 2. To optimize the choice of the required number of fire-fighting equipment, it is necessary to establish an optimization criterion that would be based on the determined direct losses from the fire, expenses of the fire and rescue units for the elimination of fire and expenses for fire protection. 3. The developed mathematical models of fire risks require further improvement with the aim of their introduction and use on the basis of information technologies. These models allow to take all necessary measures for providing fire safety during the audit of closed, semi-closed and open industrial warehouse facilities.
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Kim, Seok-Hun, Euy-Hong Hwang i Doon-Mook Choi. "Efficient Operating Control of Fire Protection of In-House Inspection Systems". Fire Science and Engineering 35, nr 4 (31.08.2021): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.be7077c3.
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Installation of ancillary facilities such as electrical rooms is crucial due to the complicated structure and division of the interior of a complex building. Furthermore, carbon-dioxide extinguishing systems are mainly installed in these ancillary facilities, and the number of systems installed has been increasing annually. Accordingly, the importance of in-house inspection is being emphasized. In this study, the literature and statistics related to the in-house inspection of fire-fighting facilities were reviewed. Based on the results, problems were derived from the overlap between in-house inspection and similar inspection, the installation location of the pressure switch, the installation standard of the air respirator, the safety awareness of people involved, and the technical qualification level of the in-house inspection assistant. Additionally, improvement measures to enact, amend, and establish public notices were proposed for self-inspection systems.
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Sazonova, Svetlana, Andrey Barsukov i Aleksandr Osipov. "Mathematical model for calculating resources in the elimination of possible fires at the facility of mass stay of people". Modeling of systems and processes 15, nr 3 (5.10.2022): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2219-0767-2022-15-3-55-62.
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The place of rescue activities is considered, as well as the scheme for exchanging messages with services in the event of a fire. The features of preparation for localization of fires by fire departments are outlined. The organization of fire suppression by personnel prior to the arrival of fire departments is considered. As an object of protection, the object of mass stay of people is considered on the example of the cinema and concert hall "October" in Lipetsk. The calculation of the required number of forces and means for extinguishing a fire on the roof of the protected object was carried out. Schemes have been developed for deploying forces and means for extinguishing the roof and deploying to extinguish a fire on the roof of the facility. The substantiation of the application of the main fire safety systems for the object of mass stay of people is carried out. Improvement and substantiation of fire extinguishing measures using water fire extinguishing systems was carried out. A schematic diagram of the internal fire-fighting water supply of the object of protection has been developed. Substantiation and application of photoluminescent evacuation systems is carried out. It is proposed to propose to install the main elements of fire extinguishing systems, which will ensure the response time of the main forces and means for the elimination of emergencies, as well as coordinate the main measures for the evacuation of the affected population from this facility.
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Couto-Vázquez, A., J. Mahía, M. Díaz-Raviña, T. Carballas i S. J. González-Prieto. "Integrating ecological principles in fire management: Impact of fire fighting chemicals on soil-plant systems from temperate humid zone". Forest Ecology and Management 234 (listopad 2006): S265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.08.294.
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Poliakova, Tatiana, i Marina Grigoryan. "Fire safety issues in the design and construction of high-rise buildings". MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819602014.
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The construction of high-rise buildings has revealed new problems related to fire safety. The peculiarity of the architecture, which is covered in high-rise, in fires creates a danger for a large number of people there, reduces the possibility of their evacuation and rescue. The multifunctionality of such buildings, taking into account the originality of the external and internal views, leads to the difficulty of choosing a constructive system, a large number of utilities and technical systems. To address the issues related to safe operation, stay and evacuation of people is the development of a fire protection system for high-rise buildings, based on the development of: • measures to ensure the durability of buildings or parts thereof againstprogressive collapse due to * ensuring the fire resistance of structures and buildings; • measures to limit the spread of fire in high-rise buildings through theinstallation of fire barriers inside the building and the device of fire breaks between buildings; • measures for ensuring timely and unimpeded evacuation of people andtheir rescue at emergency in high-rise buildings; • systems of active protection of buildings from fire, namely: fire alarm andfire fighting, strong points of fire extinguishing.