Rozprawy doktorskie: „Finite-difference time-domain method”

1

Eng, Ju-Ling. "Higher order finite-difference time-domain method". Connect to resource, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1165607826.

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Ciydem, Mehmet. "Ray Based Finite Difference Method For Time Domain Electromagnetics". Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606633/index.pdf.

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In this study, novel Ray Based finite difference method for Time Domain electromagnetics(RBTD) has been developed. Instead of solving Maxwell&rsquo
s hyperbolic partial differential equations directly, Geometrical Optics tools (wavefronts, rays) and Taylor series have been utilized. Discontinuities of electromagnetic fields lie on wavefronts and propagate along rays. They are transported in the computational domain by transport equations which are ordinary differential equations. Then time dependent field solutions at a point are constructed by using Taylor series expansion in time whose coefficients are these transported distincontinuties. RBTD utilizes grid structure conforming to wave fronts and rays and treats all electromagnetic problems, regardless of their dimensions, as one dimensional problem along the rays. Hence CFL stability condition is implemented always at one dimensional eqaulity case on the ray. Accuracy of RBTD depends on the accuracy of grid generation and numerical solution of transport equations. Simulations for isotropic medium (homogeneous/inhomogeneous) have been conducted. Basic electromagnetic phenomena such as propagation, reflection and refraction have been implemented. Simulation results prove that RBTD eliminates numerical dispersion inherent to FDTD and is promising to be a novel method for computational electromagnetics.

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3

Petit, Frédéric. "Reverberation Chamber Modeling Using Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method". Diss., University of Marne la Vallée, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71555.

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Since the last few years, the unprecedented growth of communication systems involving the propagation of electromagnetic waves is particularly due to developments in mobile phone technology. The reverberation chamber is a reliable bench-test, enabling the study of the effects of electromagnetic waves on a specific electronic appliance. However, the operating of a reverberation chamber being rather complicated, development of numerical models are of utmost importance to determine the crucial parameters to be considered.This thesis consists in the modelling and the simulation of the operating principles of a reverberation chamber by means of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method. After a brief study based on field and power measurements performed in a reverberation chamber, the second chapter deals with the different problems encountered during the modelling. The consideration of losses being a very important factor in the operating of the chamber, two methods of implementation of these losses are set out in this chapter. Chapter~3 consists in the analysis of the influence of the stirrer on the first eigenmodes of the chamber; the latter modes can undergo a frequency shift of several MHz. Chapter~4 shows a comparison of results issued from high frequency simulations and theoretical statistical results. The problem of an object placed in the chamber, resulting in a field disturbance is also tackled. Finally, in the fifth chapter, a comparison of statistical results for stirrers having different shapes is set out.

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4

Turer, Ibrahim. "Specific Absorption Rate Calculations Using Finite Difference Time Domain Method". Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605200/index.pdf.

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This thesis investigates the problem of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with human tissues. A Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) code has been developed to model a cellular phone radiating in the presence of a human head. In order to implement the code, FDTD difference equations have been solved in a computational domain truncated by a Perfectly Matched Layer (PML). Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) calculations have been carried out to study safety issues in mobile communication.

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5

Krishnaiah, K. Mohana. "Novel stable subgridding algorithm in finite difference time domain method". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262808.

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6

Meagher, Timothy P. "A New Finite Difference Time Domain Method to Solve Maxwell's Equations". PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4389.

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We have constructed a new finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method in this project. Our new algorithm focuses on the most important and more challenging transverse electric (TE) case. In this case, the electric field is discontinuous across the interface between different dielectric media. We use an electric permittivity that stays as a constant in each medium, and magnetic permittivity that is constant in the whole domain. To handle the interface between different media, we introduce new effective permittivities that incorporates electromagnetic fields boundary conditions. That is, across the interface between two different media, the tangential component, Er(x,y), of the electric field and the normal component, Dn(x,y), of the electric displacement are continuous. Meanwhile, the magnetic field, H(x,y), stays as continuous in the whole domain. Our new algorithm is built based upon the integral version of the Maxwell's equations as well as the above continuity conditions. The theoretical analysis shows that the new algorithm can reach second-order convergence O(∆x2)with mesh size ∆x. The subsequent numerical results demonstrate this algorithm is very stable and its convergence order can reach very close to second order, considering accumulation of some unexpected numerical approximation and truncation errors. In fact, our algorithm has clearly demonstrated significant improvement over all related FDTD methods using effective permittivities reported in the literature. Therefore, our new algorithm turns out to be the most effective and stable FDTD method to solve Maxwell's equations involving multiple media.

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7

Cai, Ming. "Finite difference time domain method and its application in antenna analysis". Thesis, London South Bank University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263739.

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8

Tomiso, Nayon. "Modeling electrically small apertures using the finite difference-time domain method". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42597.

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9

Abalenkovs, Maksims. "Huygens subgridding for the frequency-dependent/finite-difference time-domain method". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/huygens-subgridding-for-the-frequencydependentfinitedifference-timedomain-method(45581358-ff4d-4699-b3db-5bf76a021601).html.

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Computer simulation of electromagnetic behaviour of a device is a common practice in modern engineering. Maxwell's equations are solved on a computer with help of numerical methods. Contemporary devices constantly grow in size and complexity. Therefore, new numerical methods should be highly efficient. Many industrial and research applications of numerical methods need to account for the frequency dependent materials. The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method is one of the most widely adopted algorithms for the numerical solution of Maxwell's equations. A major drawback of the FDTD method is the interdependence of the spatial and temporal discretisation steps, known as the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) stability criterion. Due to the CFL condition the simulation of a large object with delicate geometry will require a high spatio-temporal resolution everywhere in the FDTD grid. Application of subgridding increases the efficiency of the FDTD method. Subgridding decomposes the simulation domain into several subdomains with different spatio-temporal resolutions. The research project described in this dissertation uses the Huygens Subgridding (HSG) method. The frequency dependence is included with the Auxiliary Differential Equation (ADE) approach based on the one-pole Debye relaxation model. The main contributions of this work are (i) extension of the one-dimensional (1D) frequency-dependent HSG method to three dimensions (3D), (ii) implementation of the frequency-dependent HSG method, termed the dispersive HSG, in Fortran 90, (iii) implementation of the radio environment setting from the PGM-files, (iv) simulation of the electromagnetic wave propagating from the defibrillator through the human torso and (v) analysis of the computational requirements of the dispersive HSG program.

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10

Garg, Nimisha. "Analysis of Slot Antennas Using the Finite Difference Time Domain Method". FIU Digital Commons, 2001. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3843.

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The objective of this thesis was to analyze a Coplanar Waveguide (CPW)-fed folded slot antenna using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. Important parameters such as S-parameters and the input impedance of the antenna were simulated using XFDTD software and were analyzed. An important goal of this thesis was to provide design information about the folded slot antenna. For this purpose the effects of antenna layout on the resonant frequency and the bandwidth of the antenna were investigated. First the effect of adding more number of slots to the basic CPW-fed folded slot antenna geometry on the S-parameters, the input impedance and the radiation patterns of the antenna were studied. Next the width of the slot was varied and the effect of changing this design parameter of the antenna was analyzed. Finally the slot separation was varied and its effect on the antenna parameters is studied. This work concluded that, by including additional slots, the input impedance of the antenna can be controlled over a wide range.

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11

Rouf, Hasan. "Unconditionally stable finite difference time domain methods for frequency dependent media". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/unconditionally-stable-finite-difference-time-domain-methods-for-frequency-dependent-media(50e4adf1-d1e4-4ad2-ab2d-70188fb8b7b6).html.

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The efficiency of the conventional, explicit finite difference time domain (FDTD)method is constrained by the upper limit on the temporal discretization, imposed by the Courant–Friedrich–Lewy (CFL) stability condition. Therefore, there is a growing interest in overcoming this limitation by employing unconditionally stable FDTD methods for which time-step and space-step can be independently chosen. Unconditionally stable Crank Nicolson method has not been widely used in time domain electromagnetics despite its high accuracy and low anisotropy. There has been no work on the Crank Nicolson FDTD (CN–FDTD) method for frequency dependent medium. In this thesis a new three-dimensional frequency dependent CN–FDTD (FD–CN–FDTD) method is proposed. Frequency dependency of single–pole Debye materials is incorporated into the CN–FDTD method by means of an auxiliary differential formulation. In order to provide a convenient and straightforward algorithm, Mur’s first-order absorbing boundary conditions are used in the FD–CN–FDTD method. Numerical tests validate and confirm that the FD–CN–FDTD method is unconditionally stable beyond the CFL limit. The proposed method yields a sparse system of linear equations which can be solved by direct or iterative methods, but numerical experiments demonstrate that for large problems of practical importance iterative solvers are to be used. The FD–CN–FDTD sparse matrix is diagonally dominant when the time-stepis near the CFL limit but the diagonal dominance of the matrix deteriorates with the increase of the time-step, making the solution time longer. Selection of the matrix solver to handle the FD–CN–FDTD sparse system is crucial to fully harness the advantages of using larger time-step, because the computational costs associated with the solver must be kept as low as possible. Two best–known iterative solvers, Bi-Conjugate Gradient Stabilised (BiCGStab) and Generalised Minimal Residual (GMRES), are extensively studied in terms of the number of iteration requirements for convergence, CPU time and memory requirements. BiCGStab outperforms GMRES in every aspect. Many of these findings do not match with the existing literature on frequency–independent CN–FDTD method and the possible reasons for this are pointed out. The proposed method is coded in Fortran and major implementation techniques of the serial code as well as its parallel implementation in Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP) are presented. As an application, a simulation model of the human body is developed in the FD–CN–FDTD method and numerical simulation of the electromagnetic wave propagation inside the human head is shown. Finally, this thesis presents a new method modifying the frequency dependent alternating direction implicit FDTD (FD–ADI–FDTD) method. Although the ADI–FDTD method provides a computationally affordable approximation of the CN–FDTD method, it exhibits a loss of accuracy with respect to the CN-FDTD method which may become severe for some practical applications. The modified FD–ADI–FDTD method can improve the accuracy of the normal FD–ADI–FDTD method without significantly increasing the computational costs.

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12

Wang, Shumin. "Improved-accuracy algorithms for time-domain finite methods in electromagnetics". The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1061225243.

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13

Pegoraro, Adrian. "Modelling heterogeneous nonlinear subwavelength systems with the finite difference time domain method". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27007.

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Predicting the response of heterogeneous nonlinear microscopic systems to laser excitation is very difficult using analytical techniques and is only feasible under simplifying assumptions. However, using numerical methods, it is possible to analyze arbitrary systems and make predictions about their behaviour. This information may be used to develop new techniques and a better understanding of measurements. One area which stands to benefit from such methods is nonlinear microscopy. We use finite difference time domain methods to explain experimental measurements and also develop a new nonlinear microscopy technique which shows a significant improvement in axial resolution over traditional techniques. We then explore the behaviour of Maxwell Garnett nanocomposites and illustrate the limitations of the current theoretical models for these systems.

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14

Randhawa, Banljinder Singh. "Electromagnetic modelling of curved structures using a hybrid finite-volume finite-difference time-domain method". Thesis, University of York, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362043.

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15

Austin, Andrew Charles Mallory. "Interference modelling for indoor wireless systems using the finite-difference time-domain method". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/6843.

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The performance of modern wireless systems within buildings is primarily limited by interference from other users and other systems operating in close physical proximity. In order to estimate system performance in the presence of interference, reliable models to predict signal strengths (and other channel parameters) are required. Currently, empirical models based on experimental measurements are widely used. However, these models inherently lack an electromagnetic or physical basis and can vary considerably between buildings. Indoor environments can be very complex, and improved accuracy and a more thorough understanding of how the radio waves propagate may be gained through an electromagnetic approach. However, the high computational costs of fully-electromagnetic techniques, such as the Finite-Difference Time- Domain (FDTD) method, limits their applicability for day-to-day system planning purposes at this stage. The research presented in this thesis describes a series of FDTD investigations of the indoor radio channel, using two- and three-dimensional geometries, with the aim of identifying the dominant mechanisms governing propagation within buildings. Mechanistic models are proposed by developing computationally efficient approximations for each mechanism. The complexity of the propagation processes can make conclusive identification of the mechanisms difficult, however various visualisation techniques developed in this thesis can be used to infer the dominant propagation paths. Central to the development of mechanistic models is a through assessment of the limitations of the FDTD method to model propagation within buildings, particularly the use of two-dimensional representations of the geometry, the impact of furniture and other details, and comparisons with experimental measurements.

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16

Fitzmaurice, Michael G. "A new finite-difference time-domain method applied to an open waveguide structure". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7950.

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The study makes use of a variation of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method as first proposed by Yee to simulate electromagnetic field distribution and propagation in an open waveguide structure. In order to prove that this new method is valid, a reflection coefficient is calculated with simulation data and compared to measurements. The agreement between measurement and simulation data, while not exact, is enough to establish the veracity of the new method. This study contains a detailed discussion of the discrepancies which were observed. Also presented are colour images of the simulation which give the reader an idea as to the nature and level of detail of the information which can be obtained from the simulation.

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17

Zheng, Fenghua. "Novel unconditionally stable finite-difference time-domain method for electromagnetic and microwave modeling". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ63485.pdf.

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18

Martin, Torleif. "Broadband electromagnetic scattering and shielding analysis using the finite-difference time-domain method /". Linköping : Univ, 2001. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2001/tek669s.pdf.

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19

Papadopoulos, Stavros. "Electromagnetic modelling of dielectric geodesic radomes using the finite-difference time-domain method". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271150.

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20

Gao, Xuejun. "Application of Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method To Calculate Power Converter Electromagnetic Fields". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21425.

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Dans cette thèse, nous avons d'abord calculé les paramètres linéiques des circuits imprimés en utilisant la méthode de moments, les résultats sont similaires à ceux obtenus par le logiciel FD2D. Ensuite, nous avons appliqué la théorie des lignes en temporel et analysé les tensions induites pour différentes géométries et comparé les résultats à ceux obtenus par le logiciel PSPICE. En seconde partie, nous avons présenté la méthode des différences finies en 3D, comparé plusieurs techniques de limites absorbantes et discuté leurs performances sur les convertisseurs de puissance en matière de temps de calcul et de précision ; les résultats présentés correspondent au rayonnement E et H d'un convertisseur DC-Dc pour différentes charges. En troisième partie, nous avons établi des relations empiriques entre la fréquence de résonance et les paramètres physiques et géométriques du circuit imprimé, les résultats sont déterminés dans le domaine fréquentiel et comparés aux résultats issus de la méthode des moments. Par ailleurs, les champs électromagnétiques en dehors du domaine de calcul sont déterminés en utilisant la transformation champ proche-champ lointain. En conclusion, l'effet du plan de masse ainsi que de la présence d'un sol réel sont pris en considération

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21

Hao, Yang. "The development and characterisation of a conformal FDTD method for oblique electromagnetic structures". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285559.

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22

Desamsetty, Srinivas. "Modified diamond dipole antenna for ultra wideband communications using finite difference time domain method". FIU Digital Commons, 2003. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2778.

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The aim of this thesis is to analyze and design ultra wideband antennas for personal communication devices using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. Initially diamond dipole, an ultra wideband antenna is selected from the literature and analyzed. The shape of the diamond dipole is modified in such a way that the straight-line base of the two triangular arms (near the feed) is replaced with an arc. The resulting antenna is named as modified diamond dipole. Performance is observed by varying radius of curvature of base of triangular arms (for constant flare angle) and by varying flare angle (for constant radius of curvature of base of triangular arms). It is shown that modified diamond dipole offers better performance in terms of impedance bandwidth and return loss, than the diamond dipole with zero flare angle. Slot loading technique has been applied to modified diamond dipole. It is shown that the resonant frequency of the slot loaded modified diamond dipole is decreased with increase in slot size and/or decrease in distance of the slot from the feed.

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23

Cherukuri, Chandrasekhar. "Analysis of coaxial fed U-slot patch antennas using finite difference time domain method". FIU Digital Commons, 2002. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2158.

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The objective of this thesis was to analyze a Coaxial-Fed U-slot Rectangular Patch Antenna using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. Important parameters such as S-parameters and Input Impedance of the antenna were simulated using XFDTD software and were analyzed. An important goal of this thesis was to provide design information about the U-slot antenna. For this purpose the effects of antenna layout on the resonant frequency and the bandwidth of the antenna were investigated. First the effect of varying slot width on the S-parameters, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) and Input Impedance were studied. Next the length of the slot was varied and effect of changing this design parameter of the antenna was analyzed. Finally the substrate thickness was varied and its effect on the antenna parameters is studied. This work concluded that by varying antenna dimensions such as slot width, slot length and substrate thickness, higher bandwidth could be achieved with required impedance matching.

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24

Bajracharya, Sanjay. "Characterization and modeling of multi-conductor transmission line using Finite-difference Time-Domain method". FIU Digital Commons, 1996. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1372.

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A two-dimensional, 2D, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to analyze two different models of multi-conductor transmission lines (MTL). The first model is a two-conductor MTL and the second is a threeconductor MTL. Apart from the MTL's, a three-dimensional, 3D, FDTD method is used to analyze a three-patch microstrip parasitic array. While the MTL analysis is entirely in time-domain, the microstrip parasitic array is a study of scattering parameter Sn in the frequency-domain. The results clearly indicate that FDTD is an efficient and accurate tool to model and analyze multiconductor transmission line as well as microstrip antennas and arrays.

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25

Kim, Ihn Seok. "Contributions to the time domain-finite difference method for the modeling of microwave structures". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5648.

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In this thesis, the Time Domain-Finite Difference (TD-FD) approach based on Maxwell's time dependent curl equations has been investigated with the objective to develop a numerical model for simulation of electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation phenomena, and to obtain S-parameters of guided wave transmission structures. The numerical model formulated as initial boundary value problem has been developed for both CW (single frequency) and pulse (wide band) propagations. The simulation property of EM field propagation is interpreted by considering the analogy between continuous and discrete characteristics of Maxwell's curl equations, the latter being derived from the leap-frog approximation scheme for local wave propagation. In an effort to relate the discrete wave propagation model to the continuous one, the geometrical meaning and the effects of the stability factor are introduced. The analysis of the leap-frog approximation under the plane wave condition shows that the TD-FD method is non-dissipative, which means that numerical energy is conserved during the simulated wave propagation. From the field distribution of numerical wave propagation, any physical parameters in the frequency domain can be extracted. This is done using the S-parameter extraction algorithm that has been developed for both the CW and pulse propagation cases. To accurately model EM wave propagation by the numerical process, convergence criteria for checking the global errors in the numerical procedure are also introduced by considering the physical properties, phase linearity and matching condition (standing wave) along a lossless waveguide with uniform cross-section. The physical properties used also confirm that Maxwell's equations can be separated into transverse and longitudinal parts in any uniform guide. The criteria serve as a basic building block for the analysis of more complex guiding structures. In the formulation of a computational domain for EM wave propagation solutions, artificial matching boundary conditions (MBC) are necessary to make the domain compact. A new wideband MBC has been introduced. The MBC is based on the concept of the transition operator used in modern control theory. An efficient local mesh refinement algorithm is also developed by using the concept of the characteristic and by enforcing boundary conditions for $\vec{E}$ and $\vec{H}$ fields at the interface of different mesh sizes. Numerical analysis results are presented to validate the various procedures when combined into a complete model. The objective of this study was to develop a TD-FD model of Maxwell's equations for EM wave propagation phenomena in continuous media. With this numerical model, almost all kinds of experiments can be done in complete freedom from experimental apparatus. Also, when probing the field distribution in an experiment, the numerical model provides excellent results without any field disturbance.

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Häggblad, Jon. "Modified Stencils for Boundaries and Subgrid Scales in the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Numerisk analys, NA (stängd 2012-06-30), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-95510.

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This thesis centers on modified stencils for the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method (FDTD), or Yee scheme, when modelling curved boundaries, obstacles and holes smaller than the discretization length. The goal is to increase the accuracy while keeping the structure of the standard method, enabling improvements to existing implementations with minimal effort. We present an extension of a previously developed technique for consistent boundary approximation in the Yee scheme. We consider both Maxwell's equations and the acoustic equations in three dimensions, which require separate treatment, unlike in two dimensions. The stability properties of coefficient modifications are essential for practical usability. We present an analysis of the requirements for time-stable modifications, which we use to construct a simple and effective method for boundary approximations. The method starts from a predetermined staircase discretization of the boundary, requiring no further data on the underlying geometry that is being approximated. Not only is the standard staircasing of curved boundaries a poor approximation, it is inconsistent, giving rise to errors that do not disappear in the limit of small grid lengths. We analyze the standard staircase approximation by deriving exact solutions of the difference equations, including the staircase boundary. This facilitates a detailed error analysis, showing how staircasing affects amplitude, phase, frequency and attenuation of waves. To model obstacles and holes of smaller size than the grid length, we develop a numerical subgrid method based on locally modified stencils, where a highly resolved micro problem is used to generate effective coefficients for the Yee scheme at the macro scale. The implementations and analysis of the developed methods are validated through systematic numerical tests.

QC 20120530

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27

Ma, Weili. "Discrete Green's function formulation of the finite difference time domain method and its application". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408009.

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28

Chen, Qiang. "Finite-difference time-domain method for combined large signal circuit and electromagnetic field analysis". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337664.

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Futter, Peter W. "Advanced modelling of a borehole radar environment with the finite difference time domain method". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2478.

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Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
Over the last decade, as the mining industry of South Africa is moving to ever deeper mines, the borehole radar is becoming an increasingly important field of research. In December 2000, Burger completed his thesis on Electromagnetic Modelling of a Borehole Radar Environment with the FDTD Method. The goal of this thesis is to extend the research presented in Burger's thesis, considering how more advanced modelling techniques can be applied to the FDTD analysis of the borehole radar environment. Some of these techniques include implementation of dispersive and conductive material models, and developing Uniaxial Perfectly Matched Layer boundary conditions for matching these model. Simulations were run to measure the performance of these boundary condition for matching dispersive and conductive materials. The thesis also includes the implementation of a parallel version of the FDTD algorithm using the Message Passing Interface library. Finally several realistic borehole models where simulated to test the accuracy of the code and to show how the code can be used to model real world problems.

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Burger, Ernst H. "Electromagnetic modelling of a borehole radar environment with the finite difference time domain method". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3067.

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Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.
South Africa has an immensely rich reserve of minerals which still has to be exploited. The problem with these reserves is that they exist in reefs where the mining environment is extremely hazardous, and where mining is very expensive. These are only two of the reasons why borehole radar has recently become a very important field of research in the South African mining industry. These radars have to operate in rock, which has a number of electromagnetically problematic characteristics, which greatly complicate modelling and design of suitable radars. The goal of this project is to demonstrate how the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method may be used to electromagnetically model and simulate borehole radars and subterranean environments.

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31

Çapoğlu, İlker R. "Techniques for Handling Multilayered Media in the FDTD Method". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16179.

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We introduce supplemental methods for the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis of planar multilayered media. The invariance is allowed to be disturbed by any imperfection, provided that these imperfections are local and therefore can be contained within an FDTD simulation grid. We specifically investigate two FDTD methods that were not previously developed for general multilayered media: the near-field-to-far-field transform (NFFFT) and the total-field/scattered-field (TF/SF) boundary (or the plane-wave injector). The NFFFT uses the FDTD output on a virtual surface surrounding the local imperfections and calculates the radiated field. The plane wave injector builds an incident plane wave inside a certain boundary (TF/SF boundary) while allowing any scattered fields created by the imperfections inside the boundary to exit the boundary with complete transparency. The NFFFT is applicable for any lossless multilayered medium, while the plane-wave injector is applicable for any lossy multilayered medium. After developing the respective theories and giving simple examples, we apply the NFFFT and the plane-wave injector to a series of problems. These problems are divided into two main groups. In the first group, we consider plane-wave scattering problems involving perfectly-conducting objects buried in multilayered media. In the second group, we consider problems that involve radiating structures in multilayered media. Specifically, we investigate the reciprocity of antennas radiating in the presence of an ungrounded dielectric slab using the methods developed in this study. Finally, we present our previous work on an entirely different subject, namely, the theoretical analysis of the input admittance of a prolate-spheroidal monopole fed by a coaxial line through a ground plane.

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32

Kung, Christopher W. "Development of a time domain hybrid finite difference/finite element method for solutions to Maxwell's equations in anisotropic media". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1238024768.

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33

Reinke, Charles M. "Simulation of Nonlinear Optical Effects in Photonic Crystals Using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16270.

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The phenomenon of polarization interaction in certain nonlinear materials is presented, and the design of an all-optical logic device based on this concept is described. An efficient two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain code for studying third-order nonlinear optical phenomena is discussed, in which both the slowly varying and the rapidly varying components of the electromagnetic fields are considered. The algorithm solves the vector form Maxwell s equations for all field components and uses the nonlinear constitutive relation in matrix form as the equations required to describe the nonlinear system. The stability of the code is discussed and its accuracy demonstrated through the simulation of the self-phase modulation effect observed in Kerr media. Finally, the code is used to simulate polarization mixing in photonic crystal-based line defect and coupled resonator optical waveguides.

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34

Chen, Carl Christopher. "Application of the finite-difference time-domain method to the analysis of microstrip patch antennas". FIU Digital Commons, 1996. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2127.

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The knowledge of the behavior of pager antennas and the magnetic field within 2 cm of lossy dielectric cylinders is important in applications involving terrestrial and satellite communications. The distribution of the magnetic fields close to the lossy dielectric cylinders affects the performance of these personal communication devices. By analyzing the magnetic fields close to these dielectric cylinders, information on the magnetic field effects may be obtained that may allow us to improve on the design and performance of these close-to-body communication devices. Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FD-TD) simulations were applied to lossy dielectric cylinders, “SALTY” and SALTY-LITE”, and to a microstrip antenna in the presence of these structures. The results obtained were compared to measurements. The frequency-dependent scattering parameters, the inputimpedance, and the radiation pattern of this antenna are calculated and validated. The results clearly indicate that FD-TD is an efficient and accurate tool to model and analyze complex electromagnetic structures with the unique ability to display the transient response of the electromagnetic fields in time domain.

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35

Choi, Jinseong. "Modeling of power supply noise in large chips using the finite difference time domain method". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14977.

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Chan, Michael 1963. "Electromagnetic characterization of shielded multiconductor microstrip-line discontinuities using the time-domain finite-difference method". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278050.

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The time-domain finite difference (TD-FD) method is applied to obtain the frequency-dependent characteristics of shielded multiconductor microstrip line interconnect structures. A Gaussian pulse is used as the excitation source and the reflected, transmitted, and coupled pulses on the various lines are used for the calculation of the frequency-dependent elements in the scattering matrix representation of the structure. In order to correctly specify the frequency range of applicability of the results, the cutoff frequencies of the higher-order modes of the structures under consideration need to be found. This is done by a two-dimensional application of the TD-FD method over the cross-section of the multiconductor transmission line, based on the simple observation that modes at cutoff are characterized by the fact that ∂/∂z = 0 where z is the direction of propagation along the axis of the line. Numerical results are obtained for the dispersive characteristics of coupled microstrip lines and the frequency-dependent scattering parameters of a microstrip open-end line, a 90° bend, a right-angle via, and the discontinuity which occurs when one of the two lines is terminated in a coupled symmetric microstrip geometry.

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37

Ramli, Khairun Nidzam. "Modelling and analysis of complex electromagnetic problems using FDTD subgridding in hybrid computational methods : development of hybridised Method of Moments, Finite-Difference Time-Domain method and subgridded Finite-Difference Time-Domain method for precise computation of electromagnetic interaction with arbitrarily complex geometries". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5443.

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The main objective of this research is to model and analyse complex electromagnetic problems by means of a new hybridised computational technique combining the frequency domain Method of Moments (MoM), Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method and a subgridded Finite-Difference Time-Domain (SGFDTD) method. This facilitates a significant advance in the ability to predict electromagnetic absorption in inhomogeneous, anisotropic and lossy dielectric materials irradiated by geometrically intricate sources. The Method of Moments modelling employed a two-dimensional electric surface patch integral formulation solved by independent linear basis function methods in the circumferential and axial directions of the antenna wires. A similar orthogonal basis function is used on the end surface and appropriate attachments with the wire surface are employed to satisfy the requirements of current continuity. The surface current distributions on structures which may include closely spaced parallel wires, such as dipoles, loops and helical antennas are computed. The results are found to be stable and showed good agreement with less comprehensive earlier work by others. The work also investigated the interaction between overhead high voltage transmission lines and underground utility pipelines using the FDTD technique for the whole structure, combined with a subgridding method at points of interest, particularly the pipeline. The induced fields above the pipeline are investigated and analysed. FDTD is based on the solution of Maxwell's equations in differential form. It is very useful for modelling complex, inhomogeneous structures. Problems arise when open-region geometries are modelled. However, the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) concept has been employed to circumvent this difficulty. The establishment of edge elements has greatly improved the performance of this method and the computational burden due to huge numbers of time steps, in the order of tens of millions, has been eased to tens of thousands by employing quasi-static methods. This thesis also illustrates the principle of the equivalent surface boundary employed close to the antenna for MoM-FDTD-SGFDTD hybridisation. It depicts the advantage of using hybrid techniques due to their ability to analyse a system of multiple discrete regions by employing the principle of equivalent sources to excite the coupling surfaces. The method has been applied for modelling human body interaction with a short range RFID antenna to investigate and analyse the near field and far field radiation pattern for which the cumulative distribution function of antenna radiation efficiency is presented. The field distributions of the simulated structures show reasonable and stable results at 900 MHz. This method facilitates deeper investigation of the phenomena in the interaction between electromagnetic fields and human tissues.

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38

Ramli, Khairun N. "Modelling and analysis of complex electromagnetic problems using FDTD subgridding in hybrid computational methods. Development of hybridised Method of Moments, Finite-Difference Time-Domain method and subgridded Finite-Difference Time-Domain method for precise computation of electromagnetic interaction with arbitrarily complex geometries". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5443.

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The main objective of this research is to model and analyse complex electromagnetic problems by means of a new hybridised computational technique combining the frequency domain Method of Moments (MoM), Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method and a subgridded Finite-Difference Time-Domain (SGFDTD) method. This facilitates a significant advance in the ability to predict electromagnetic absorption in inhomogeneous, anisotropic and lossy dielectric materials irradiated by geometrically intricate sources. The Method of Moments modelling employed a two-dimensional electric surface patch integral formulation solved by independent linear basis function methods in the circumferential and axial directions of the antenna wires. A similar orthogonal basis function is used on the end surface and appropriate attachments with the wire surface are employed to satisfy the requirements of current continuity. The surface current distributions on structures which may include closely spaced parallel wires, such as dipoles, loops and helical antennas are computed. The results are found to be stable and showed good agreement with less comprehensive earlier work by others. The work also investigated the interaction between overhead high voltage transmission lines and underground utility pipelines using the FDTD technique for the whole structure, combined with a subgridding method at points of interest, particularly the pipeline. The induced fields above the pipeline are investigated and analysed. FDTD is based on the solution of Maxwell¿s equations in differential form. It is very useful for modelling complex, inhomogeneous structures. Problems arise when open-region geometries are modelled. However, the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) concept has been employed to circumvent this difficulty. The establishment of edge elements has greatly improved the performance of this method and the computational burden due to huge numbers of time steps, in the order of tens of millions, has been eased to tens of thousands by employing quasi-static methods. This thesis also illustrates the principle of the equivalent surface boundary employed close to the antenna for MoM-FDTD-SGFDTD hybridisation. It depicts the advantage of using hybrid techniques due to their ability to analyse a system of multiple discrete regions by employing the principle of equivalent sources to excite the coupling surfaces. The method has been applied for modelling human body interaction with a short range RFID antenna to investigate and analyse the near field and far field radiation pattern for which the cumulative distribution function of antenna radiation efficiency is presented. The field distributions of the simulated structures show reasonable and stable results at 900 MHz. This method facilitates deeper investigation of the phenomena in the interaction between electromagnetic fields and human tissues.
Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia and Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)

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39

Lu, Ling. "Characterisation and application of left-handed meta-materials using the dispersive finite-difference time-domain method". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436108.

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40

Ow, Say Cheoh. "An investigation of alternating-direction implicit finite-difference time-domain (ADI-FDTD) method in numerical electromagnetics". Thesis, University of Hull, 2003. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5496.

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In this thesis, the alternating-direction implicit method (ADI) is investigated in conjunction with the finite difference time-domain method (FDTD) to allow crossing of the Courant-Friedrich-Levy (CFL) stability criterion while maintaining stability in the FDTD algorithm. The main reason for this is to be able to use a larger numerical time step than that governed by the CFL criterion. The desired effect is a significant reduction in numerical run-times. Although the ADI-FDTD method has been used in the literature, most analysis and application have been performed on simple three-dimensional cavities. This work makes original contribution in two aspects. Firstly, a new modified alternating-direction implicit method for a three-dimensional FDTD algorithm has been successfully developed and implemented in this research. This new method allows correct modelling of a realistic physical structure such as a microstrip patch with the ADI scheme without causing instability even when the CFL criterion is not observed. However, due to the inherent property of this modified ADI-FDTD method, a decreasing reflection coefficient is observed using this scheme. The second and more important contribution this research makes in the field of numerical electromagnetics is the development of a new method of simulating realistic complex structures such as geometries comprising copper patch antennas on a dielectric substrate. With this new method, for the first time, the ADl-FDTD algorithm remains stable while still in violation of the CFL criterion, even when complex structures are being modelled. However, there is a trade-off between accuracy and computational speed in ADI-FDTD and modified ADI-FDTD methods. The larger the numerical time step, the shorter is the simulation run-time but an increase in numerical time step causes a degradation in accuracy of numerical results. Comparison between speed and accuracy is shown in this thesis and it has to be mentioned here that these values are very much dependent on the structure being modelled.

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41

Almeer, Hanan Syha. "High performance computing for the Finite Difference Time Domain method with the Huygens Absorbing Boundary Condition". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/high-performance-computingfor-the-finite-differencetime-domain-method-with-thehuygens-absorbing-boundarycondition(9f00807d-5c58-43c1-ada5-369b2d6507d4).html.

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The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) is the most widely used method for solving Maxwell’s equations in the time domain. Since the FDTD domains are usually open regions, an Absorbing Boundary Condition (ABC) is needed to absorb the outgoing waves and simulate the extension to infinity. The most popularand effective ABCs is the Complex Frequency- Shifted Perfectly Matched Layer (CFS-PML) ABCs. The CFS-PML ABCs absorbs almost all of the outgoing waves, but the implementation of the CFS-PML ABCs is complicated and more computational resources such as memory and CPU time are required. In this thesis, a new ABC called Huygens Absorbing Boundary Condition (HABC), which is simpler to implement than the CFS-PML, is presented. The accuracy of the HABC is studied and compared with that of the CFS-PML. A combination of the HABC and the Stretch Mesh (SM) is introduced. The SM-HABC is tested with an object with dispersive materials. For practical applications, the FDTD method with the HABC codes are parallelised on the Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) using the Compute Unified Device Architecture programming model (CUDA) in this thesis. Two implementations of the HABC on GPUs are presented. The performance of the two implementations are studied and compared with the implementation of the CFS-PML on GPUs. In addition, the FDTD with the HABC codes are parallelized on the shared memory architecture using Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP). The OpenMP code of the HABC is scaled and the results are compared with the scaled OpenMP code of the CFS-PML.Finally, Huygens excitation is used in this thesis to heat up the human body as an application of hyperthermia which is a cancer treatment. The SM-HABC is also used in human body simulations. A comparison between the use of the SM-HABC and the CFS-PML in human body simulations is introduced.

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42

Bourgeois, Jacqueline M. "A complete three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation of ground-penetrating radars using the finite-difference time-domain method". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14845.

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43

Chilton, Ryan Austin. "H-, P- and T-Refinement Strategies for the Finite-Difference-Time-Domain (FDTD) Method Developed via Finite-Element (FE) Principles". The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1219064270.

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44

Schlager, Kurt L. "The analysis and optimization of bow-tie and TEM horn antennas for pulse radiation using the finite-difference time-domain method". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12915.

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45

Schuster, Christian. "Simulation, analysis, and parameter extraction of electronic components and circuits using the finite difference time domain method /". Zürich, 1999. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13522.

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46

Younies, Hassan Zeidan. "Design and electromagnetic characterization of microwave slotted rectangular waveguide applicators using the finite difference time domain method". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0023/MQ38422.pdf.

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47

Hwang, Chieh-Tsao, i 黃傑超. "Extended Finite Difference Time Domain Method with Partial Finite Elements". Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97974651993597476852.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
87
The extended finite difference time domain method with partial finite elements is introduced in this dissertation. The method employs the conventional finite difference time domain method for most of the regular region but introduces the tetrahedral edge-based finite element scheme to model the region near the curved surfaces. Numerical results of early time response verified that the method has the advantages of accuracy, flexibility, stability, and computational efficiency. However, the late time instability and spurious dc modes are observed in the applications of solving the characteristics of the dielectric resonator. A novel scheme which combines the time average technique and frequency shifting technique is thus proposed in this dissertation to overcome these disadvantages. Based on adding the low pass filter to the results, the employment of time average technique may degrade the accuracy of the extended FDTD method, especiallyfor the components of which the period is shorter than twenty time steps. Therefore, the two novel algorithms which treat the late time instability with average techniques are proposed here to improve the accuracy. The numerical results have shown that scheme average technique may circumvent the late time instability while keeping the same order of accuracy as the original one. Then, a novel prism gridded FEM is derived in this dissertation. It has been shown that the requirement of the memory storage and computational time can be greatly reduced while dealing with the layered structures. The novel extended FDTD method which hybridized the novel prism gridded FEM with the conventional FDTD method is thus proposed here. It may be widely applied to the layered structures with arbitrarily curved boundary in transverse direction. Several planar circuits are simulated and compared with those of other methods. The numerical results demonstrate the accuracy and flexibility of the present method. In addition, the present method has shown to be as efficient as the conventional FDTD method by the analysis of computational complexity. Finally, a web-based visualization system which applied to the present numerical method is introduced. This system based on well-developed internet communication tools has shown to be capable of real time displaying the results calculated from the remote computer.

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48

"RAY BASED FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD FOR TIME DOMAIN ELECTROMAGNETICS". Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606633/index.pdf.

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49

Su, Hurng-Weei, i 蘇宏偉. "Using Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method to Simulate Microwave Circuits". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13565395000355209213.

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碩士
國立中山大學
電機工程學系研究所
89
FDTD is a numerical method that uses the second-order central-difference method to discrete the Maxwell’s equations in differential form, and positioning electromagnetic field in space grids and time grids. It is applied to analyze many electromagnetic problems in time domain. In this report the FDTD method is extended to include lumped-elements (as resistor, inductor, capacity),and nonlinear elements(as diode, transistor) to combine the circuit elements and electromagnetic fields, it’s so called LE-FDTD algorithm. The first, we will introduce the theory derivations and simulate some circuit structures in 2D, and then in order to simulate the real circuits, we will extend this algorithm in 3D to make full-wave analysis.

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50

An-YuChen i 陳安裕. "Photon Wave Function propagation by Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79704674924921982686.

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碩士
國立成功大學
物理學系
104
SUMMARY In this work, we propose to use photon wave function to simulate the quantum optics phenomena of Hong-Ou-Mandel effect. Hong-Ou-Mandel effect is that when two identical photons entering a 50/50 beam splitter, only two photons will be detected in either side, and there is no probability of detecting one photon on each side. The photon wave equation is derived from Einstein energy momentum equation. The photon wave function is chosen to be E+icB such that the photon wave equation reduced to the Maxwell equations. We derive the proper basis for the photon mode in x-t real space and time from the quantum optics photon mode in k-ω space. To have proper probability definition, we need to define a dual mode to calculate the photon wave function probability which is regarded as the photon energy. By designing a 50/50 beam splitter from a dielectric slab, we found the refractive index of the medium is √2+1, and the thickness should be a multiple of quarter wavelength. For the classical field, this beam splitter will have same intensity coming out of two output side. By using the photon wave function and its proper dual mode probability definition, we simulate the Hong-Ou-Mandel like effect.

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