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PRIYADARSHINI, MONICA. "STATUS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA AND A CASE OF FINANCING VIABILITY OF WIND ENERGY PROJECT". Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18343.
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Indian Power sector is in a period of transition, spurred by the governments’ mega
target of installing 175 Giga Watt (GW) of renewables by 2022, the world's largest
renewable energy capacity expansion plan, out of which 100 Giga Watt from solar
and 60 Giga Watt will be from wind energy. India ranks fourth in wind energy, fifth
in terms of renewable energy. India is the only country which have an exclusive
ministry for renewable energy i.e. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
Renewable Energy Sources Installed capacity has grown substantially from 34 GW
in 2014 to 87 GW in 2020. In recent years, the percentage of renewables has
increased in total installed capacity. In 2013-2014, the contribution was 12.92%,
rising to 23.5% by March 2020. Wind and solar energy are the major contributors in
the enhanced capacity of renewables.
Wind is one of the largest RE source in India, based on mean annual wind power
density. States with high wind power potential are Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh. With an installed
capacity of 37.69 GW (Mar 20) of wind energy, Wind Energy holds the major portion
of 43% of 87.03 GW (Mar-20) total RE capacity among renewable and continued as
the largest supplier of clean energy.
India as a tropical country is blessed with good sunshine in most of its parts and the
number of clear days of sunshine a year is also quite high. According to MNRE,
India receives annually solar energy equivalent to more than 5,000 trillion units. Hot
and dry climate of the country with about 300 days of sunshine; making this area a
great place to harness solar energy. “Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
(JNNSM)” was launched in 2010 to support the growth of solar energy installations
in India.
Government came up with many schemes time to time to make renewable energy
sector attractive to investors. Few such schemes/ incentives are Viability Gap
Funding for solar projects, Generation based incentives for wind projects, MAT
credit for RE projects, Accelerated depreciation for wind projects, Must run for
Renewable energy projects etc.
Approx. Rs 2,14,800 Crores investments has been made in Renewable energy
sector since 2014 till Jul-2019. Private, PSU banks, NBFCs, Development banks etc are lending debt to renewable energy projects. Many Private Equity players are
participating in the equity financing of these projects. Indian Renewable Energy
Development Agency Limited (IREDA), a government enterprise, was set up in
1987 under MNRE to support financial assistance to renewable energy projects. As
per MNRE, country needs approx. Rs 4 Lakh Crores investment to achieve target
of 175 Giga Watt of Renewable Energy Installations. Investments to this tune can
only be made if it is a viable investment.
In order to understand different viability parameters involved in the financing of
renewable energy projects, a 100 MW wind energy project has been considered in
this study. The project has a long term PPA at a tariff of 2.90 per unit for a period of
25 years. The estimated project cost (excluding Interest During Construction) is Rs
600 Cr to be funded in Debt : Equity ratio of 75:25. Financials have been worked out
using excel tool. Financial modelling has been done to assess the viability
parameters based on different assumptions.
Further, to understand the risk factors involved in renewable energy projects, phase
wise risk analysis has been done along with mitigation measures. Challenges have
been explored to identify the gap in installation of renewable energy sources.
Various recommendations have been suggested to overcome these challenges.
2
Awambu, Anozie Ikechukwu. "Power financing in a receding global economy : can capacity short countries enhance the viability of projects without exposure to contingent liabilities for market risks?" Thesis, University of Dundee, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505611.
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Oulehla, Jiří. "Komplexní realizace bytové výstavby". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241081.
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The thesis concentrates on the evaluation of the factors that affect the viability of housing projects in Brno. The first part consists of an economic evaluation of a project. There are defined restrictive economic conditions of the realization. The second part is the suggestion of a process and options for securing clients’ financial funds. The last part consists of a proposal of the promotion of the project in the context of economic efficiency.
4
Silva, João Carlos Tenente da. "Huambo Microbiology Laboratory : economical and financial viability". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11857.
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Mestrado em FinançasEste trabalho foi realizado no âmbito de um projeto para uma empresa sediada em Huambo, na qual foi pedido uma análise de viabilidade económica e financeira para a construção de um laboratório de microbiologia de alimentos. Esta será a primeira empresa localizada em Huambo, na qual irá testar a qualidade dos produtos importados e exportados em Angola. Numa primeira fase foi estudado o valor inicial para este investimento, a nível de infraestruturas e equipamentos. Para conseguir uma previsão deste investimento, foram analisados alguns laboratórios concorrentes em Portugal, apesar da difícil comparação em termos de dimensão e custos. Este será um investimento realizado exclusivamente através de financiamento bancário. A taxa de juro para este empréstimo foi calculada com base nas taxas de juro aplicadas em casos e valores de financiamento semelhantes. De seguida, foi elaborado uma projeção do volume de negócios baseado na informação recolhida relativamente às importações e exportações neste sector. Com esse volume de negócio, foram calculados todos os custos inerentes ao funcionamento da empresa, como por exemplo, custos fixos e variáveis e custos com salários. Os custos do investimento irão ser depreciados ao longo dos cinco anos previstos. Para melhorar a análise, foram realizados três cenários, de forma, a perceber o quanto poderá influenciar algumas alterações nas previsões. Para perceber a viabilidade económica e financeira deste projeto foi utilizado o método do desconto dos Cash-Flow. Com este método foi também possível obter a taxa interna de rentabilidade e o período no qual o investimento será pago.
This work was carried out for a project in a company based in Huambo, which was asked for an economic and financial viability study for the construction of a food microbiology laboratory. This will be the first company located in Huambo, which will test the quality of imported and exported products in Angola. In a first phase the initial value was studied for this investment, such as buildings, frame-work and equipment. To get the investment’s provision, some competitors’ laboratories were analyzed in Portugal, despite the difficult comparison in terms of size and cost. This will be an investment made exclusively through bank financing. The interest rate for this loan was calculated based on the interest rates applied in similar cases and financing values. Then a turnover projection based on information collected on imports and exports in this sector was prepared. With this turnover, they calculated all the costs of operation of the business, such as fixed and variable costs and wage costs. The investment costs will be depreciated over the five year period. To improve the analysis, there were three scenarios (pessimistic, average and optimistic), in order, to realize how much changes on quantity and costs can influence the forecasts. To realize the economic and financial viability of this project we used the discount method of Cash Flow. With this method it was also possible to obtain the internal rate of return and payback period.
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Leach, Stephanie Ashley. "Financial viability and competitive balance in English football". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11244.
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Asmah, Ruby. "Development potential and financial viability of fish farming in Ghana". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/461.
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The potential for aquaculture development to make up for an annual 400,000mt shortfall in domestic fish supply was investigated. This involved an overview of the sector to determine its trends and operations and identifying strengths and constraints, a financial viability assessment of the sector, based on mode and levels of operation of existing farms, an assessment of the market and trade for cultured fish with a focus on Oreochromis niloticus, and finally, a GIS approach to update and reassess the potential for aquaculture development in Ghana. Data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources, the former, via fish farmer, dealers and consumer questionnaire surveys. Results of the study showed that interests in fish farming continue to grow with an overall annual average growth rate of 16% since 2000. The existing farms, 1300 in number were however very small with a mean farm size of 0.36ha and a median 0.06ha of which commercial farms accounted for less than 3%. Based on sizes, mode of operation and levels of input and output, five subsistence farm types were identified. Mean production from these pond-based farms ranged from 1436kg/ha/yr- to 4,423kg/ha/yr while that of a medium sized intensive commercial pond farm was 45,999kg/ha/yr. Commercial farming accounted for about 75% of 2006 aquaculture production. The main strength identified was the growing interest in both commercial and non-commercial fish farming and the main constraints were lack of quality seed, low levels of technical support and of knowledge in fish farming practices among non-commercial farmers. Net profits of commercial farms ranged from GH¢ 3,341 (US$3480)/ha/yr to GH¢ 51,444 (US$ 53,587)/ha/yr with payback from 1 to 4yrs, IRR at 35% to 105% and NPV from GH¢ 5,898 to GH¢ 236,412. By contrast, only two of the five non-commercial farm types made positive net returns ranging, from GH¢158 to GH¢1100/ha/yr, with minimum payback period of 14yrs, NPVs of less than 1 and the best IRR being just 4%, when initial capital requirements are full costed. Uncosted family labour inputs and negligible land opportunity costs improved viabilities for two farm types, where net returns/ha/yr increased by more than 50%, minimum payback dropped to 2 years, NPV from GH¢ 4839 to GH¢ 9330 and minimum IRR of 45%. Main constraints identified as affecting the profitability of subsistence farming were the relatively low prices of fish and the low levels of output which could be improved through better farming practices. From the market survey, a huge market potential for tilapia was identified with a current supply deficit of 41,000mt. The most preferred sizes by consumers and with potentially good market price for traders were those weighing at least 200g. For dealers, trading in cultured fish was found to be more profitable than trading wild capture tilapia because of lower wholesaler prices, gross profit margins were GH¢ 0.49/kg and GH¢ 0.25/kg respectively. Preference for tilapia was influenced by taste, availability, and its perceived health benefit. A key constraint to the sector was poor post-harvest handling and preservation of the fish resulting in shorter shelf life. From the GIS study, 2% (3,692 km2) of available land area was identified as very suitable for subsistence and about 0.2% (313.8km2) for commercial farming. A further 97.4% and 84.0% were identified as suitable for subsistence and commercial farming respectively. Areas with potential for cage culture were also identified, which were largely in the southern and mid-sections of the country. The overall conclusions are that based on natural resource requirements, market potential and financial viability, Ghana has the potential to totally make up the shortfall in domestic fish supply through aquaculture production. The current 400,000mt shortfall in domestic fish production can be achieved by 2020 by increasing overall aquaculture production by 60% per annum.
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Lopes, Paulo Alexandre Simões. "Análise de Projectos na Perspectiva da Consultoria Financeiro-Fiscal : O Caso do Hotel Ibérico". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2237.
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Mestrado em FinançasUm Business Plan é um instrumento fundamental para avaliar a viabilidade económica e financeira de um projecto de investimento. Para implementá-lo, é necessário um planeamento bastante cuidadoso em relação às variáveis que estarão subjacentes ao projecto em si e em toda a sua envolvente, tais como, a análise de mercado, o conceito, a caracterização do investimento e as fontes de financiamento inerentes. Neste trabalho, será proposta uma metodologia para a elaboração de um Business Plan e analisar-se-á os resultados relevantes derivado da respectiva aplicação a um projecto de investimento em concreto: Hotel Ibérico.
A Business Plan is a key tool for the assessment of the economic and financial viability of an investment project. To implement a Business Plan, it requires a very careful planning in relation to variables that are behind the project itself and all its surroundings, such as market analysis, the concept, the characterization of investment and funding sources involved. In this report, we propose one methodology for the creation of a Business Plan and the relevant results derived from its application will be analysed for an investment project in particular: Hotel Ibérico.
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SINHA, ADITYA. "FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ANLYSIS OF V- GUARD INDUSTRIES". Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18352.
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Financial analysis referred to financial statement analysis or in other words it
is the assessment of the stability, viability and profitability of a business. The
thought behind this examination is to break down the monetary situation of the
organization. This research is done with assistance of the information which is
gathered from the yearly report, quarterly reports of the organization. Also,
some industry reports from big four were consulted for the research. The
financial performance was measured by using various financial tools such as
profitability ratio, solvency ratio, turnover ratio, relative valuation etc.
In view of the analysis, discoveries have been shown up that the organization
has got sufficient assets to meet its obligations and liabilities, the income
statement of the company shows net profit of the company is projected to
decrease in next two year. So long term investment V- Guard is not suggested
for investment purpose. Although short selling intraday trading will be
suggested for V Guard Industries. More over for investment purpose other
stock such as Siemens which is a large cap consumer durable company is
available at relatively lower industry price.
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Ducie, Gregory Justin. "Financial viability of sustainable infrastructural development at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015063.
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Sustainable environmental practices need to be integrated into a university's infrastructural operations. Universities are entities that function within financial constraints with varying priorities across both administrative and educational functions. Unfortunately, these financial constraints often imply that a university's potential leadership role can only be realised should the viability (business case) of a proposed intervention be determined. This study focuses on the determination of a relational sustainable indicator and a relational cost factor. A relational sustainable indicator demonstrates how a university can collectively determine the contribution made to sustainability by various sectors of infrastructure. This is developed by means of a secondary study. Two components are important for calculating the relational sustainability indicator, namely, green infrastructure attributes and the basic elements of sustainability systems, namely, the environmental, economic and social dimensions of sustainability. The determination of a relational cost factor involves the quantification of the costs associated with alternative infrastructure provision. In particular, attention is paid to demand-side management costs, rationalising spatial growth costs, green building development costs, operation and maintenance of existing buildings costs, wastewater infrastructure costs, water infrastructure costs, energy infrastructure costs and transport infrastructure costs. Once the actual costs of each intervention category are determined, a relational sustainable cost factor can be calculated. Utilising the costs in the eight categories identified, a relational sustainable cost factor is determined. A resultant relational cost benefit as per the eight defined categories of sustainable infrastructure provision is derived from the relevant costs of sustainable infrastructure provision, the resultant relational cost factors and, finally, the relational sustainability indicators. It is proposed that that the determination of a budget split between the various interventions based on the resultant relational cost factor occur as follows: - Demand side management interventions: 15.97percent - Rationalising spatial growth: 6.72percent - Construction of green buildings: 24.37percent - Operations and maintenance: 21.85percent - Wastewater: 7.56percent - Water: 1.68percent - Energy: 12.61percent - Transport: 9.24percent. This study provides a platform to guide how and where to invest in sustainable infrastructure and provide direction in determining a budget split between various categories of sustainable infrastructure development.
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Tanner, Janet Jeffery. "Financial Analysis and Fiscal Viability of Secondary Schools in Mukono District, Uganda". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1289.
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Within the worldwide business community, many analysis tools and techniques have evolved to assist in the evaluation and encouragement of financial health and fiscal viability. However, in the educational community, such analysis is uncommon. It has long been argued that educational institutions bear little resemblance to, and should not be treated like, businesses. This research identifies an educational environment where educational institutions are, indeed, businesses, and may greatly benefit from the use of business analyses. The worldwide effort of Education for All (EFA) has focused on primary education, particularly in less developed countries (LDCs). In Sub-Saharan Africa, Uganda increased its primary school enrollments from 2.7 million in 1996 to 7.6 million in 2003. This rapid primary school expansion substantially increased the demand for secondary education. Limited government funding for secondary schools created an educational bottleneck. In response to this demand, laws were passed to allow the establishment of private secondary schools, operated and taxed as businesses. Revenue reports, filed by individual private schools with the Uganda Revenue Authority, formed the database for the financial analysis portion of this research. These reports, required of all profitable businesses in Uganda, are similar to audited corporate financial statements. Survey data and national examination (UNEB) scores were also utilized. This research explored standard business financial analysis tools, including financial statement ratio analysis, and evaluated the applicability of each to this LDC educational environment. A model for financial assessment was developed and industry averages were calculated for private secondary schools in the Mukono District of Uganda. Industry averages can be used by individual schools as benchmarks in assessing their own financial health. Substantial deviations from the norms signal areas of potential concern. Schools may take appropriate corrective action, leading to sustainable fiscal viability. An example of such analysis is provided. Finally, school financial health, defined by eight financial measures, was compared with quality of education, defined by UNEB scores. Worldwide, much attention is given to education and its role in development. This research, with its model for financial assessment of private LDC schools, offers a new and pragmatic perspective.
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Maclean, Sindisile. "Assessing financial viability of selected urban and rural municipalities in the Eastern Cape". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007093.
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The purpose of the research is to assess the financial viability of selected urban and rural municipalities in the Eastern Cape. Municipalities that are not financially viable and sustainable will always struggle to deliver basic services to communities. Without sound financial management systems, municipalities will be forced to discontinue their operations. Municipalities, particularly small and rural ones, are not self-sufficient and often rely on grants and transfers to satisfy their immediate short-term goal of providing basic services to satisfy the needs of their communities. Therefore, finance is regarded as an overriding and decisive factor for determining the viability of municipalities. The study seeks to investigate the financial viability of selected urban and rural municipalities in the Eastern Cape. Its key research questions are: Are municipalities able to provide sufficient funds to provide a range of services at an acceptable service level? To what extent do municipalities rely on external funding? Do municipalities have revenue collection capacity and revenue policies? The study asserts that most municipalities lack the required financial resources. They depend mainly on transfers from Provincial Government and equitable share and conditional grants from National Government. Section 152 (1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 8 of 1996, states, amongst other things, that Local Government should ensure the provision of services to communities in a sustainable manner. The constitution further states that a municipality must strive, within its financial and administrative capacity, to achieve its objectives. The Municipal Finance Management Act, Act 56 of 2003, creates a framework for municipalities to borrow money and determine the conditions for short- and long-term borrowing. The Act assigns clear roles and responsibilities to the various role players involved in local government financial management. According to the Act, an annual budget for a municipality may only be funded from realistically anticipated revenues to be collected. As revenue projections in the budget must be realistic, the Municipal Property Rates Act, Act 6 of 2004, facilitates the collection of revenue in municipalities and establishes a uniform property rating system across South Africa. Property tax is the biggest element of local government tax revenue and is central to municipal finance. The Municipal Systems Act, Act 32 of 2000, amongst its objectives, provides for the manner in which municipal powers and functions are exercised as well as establishes a simple framework for the core processes of planning, performance management and resource mobilisation. The Act also provides a framework for public administration and human resource development. Finally, it also empowers the poor and ensures that municipalities put in place service tariffs and credit control policies that take their needs into account. The research contends that, whilst there is legislation and structures to assist and direct municipalities, it has been established that municipalities do not properly collect rates and taxes due to them to augment their revenue. The study has shown nevertheless that metropolitan municipalities have the capacity to collect revenue for municipal services. This is confirmed by their collection rate which ranges between 94 % and 97 %. There is also the culture of non-payment by communities for services rendered by the municipalities. Rural municipalities are exempted from property tax, while other rural municipalities who have an urban component, have to collect. There is also the question of unemployment and poverty. Consequently, municipalities are not self-sufficient and rely on grants and equitable share to survive. As a result of this lack of self-sufficiency, it is difficult to implement service delivery and also difficult to attract skilled personnel. The study has investigated why some municipalities fail to collect revenue and depend on national grants. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings of the quantitative paradigm have been presented in the form of graphs and charts. The major findings include: All municipalities have limited borrowing capacity; have not exceeded their budgets in terms of their spending; small municipalities have households as their main contributor of revenue collected; metropolitan municipalities get the big slice of their revenue from business; small and rural municipalities rely on grants and transfers and are therefore not financially viable; metropolitan municipalities are, to a great extent, financially viable but lack skills and capacity to utilize their resources for effective service delivery; and all municipalities under-spend their budgets. The study, after elaborating on the findings, makes recommendations on how municipalities should become financially viable.
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Victor, Ian. "A financial due-diligence model to assess merger and acquisition viability / Ian Victor". Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1595.
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Song, Andrew M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Financial viability and technical evaluation of dendritic cell-carrying "vaccination nodes" for immunotherapy". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45353.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-69).
Cancer immunotherapy attempts to stimulate the immune system to reject and destroy tumor cells. Despite the amount of ongoing intensive research to prevent cancer, tumor cells continue to evade immune responses. Currently, dendritic cell vaccines are in development, in which autologous antigen-loaded dendritic cells are injected back into the patient in order to generate an appropriate immune response. Improving upon this idea, members of the Irvine laboratory are in development of an injectable dendritic cell based formulation that gels in situ around the tumor site. In this way, immune cells (most notably T cells) can be recruited and become activated against specific tumor antigens, and (hopefully) kill tumor cells. Recent studies have shown the potential benefit of incorporation of cytokine interleukin-15 complexed with its soluble receptor interleukin-5R[alpha], which is discussed. Economic considerations are also discussed, including topics such as intellectual property, barriers to entry, initial markets and market drivers, and entry into the current supply chain considerations. A business strategy is outlined and evaluated.
by Andrew Song.
M.Eng.
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Firth, Hamish. "Development of a financial model to examine the financial viability of Mallee Eucalyptus crops in South Western Australia". Thesis, Firth, Hamish (2019) Development of a financial model to examine the financial viability of Mallee Eucalyptus crops in South Western Australia. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/50274/.
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In the current state of environmental change being experienced by the world, businesses and governments are looking for renewable resources which can be used to produce the products which are currently produced by harmful, non-renewable resources. More locally there is a large issue in regards to salinity affecting soils across the wheatbelt of Western Australia and therefore the production performance of farms in this region.
A species of plant that has been identified to help manage salinity issues in soils and that is native to the Western Australian wheatbelt is the Mallee Eucalyptus. Across the various subspecies it is able to grow across all of the Western Australian wheatbelt and grows well in lower rainfall areas of 350 to 600mm per year where other tree species struggle to grow. It is possible to grow Mallee Eucalypts in a belt configuration around existing crops or in a block configuration taking up a whole field themselves. There have been some efforts to increase the amount of Mallee Eucalypts included in agricultural projects since the mid 1990’s. It is estimated that about 14000 hectares have been planted so far and Mallee Eucalypts are not currently a common part of a farm planting mix.
There are many products able to be produced from Mallee Eucalyptus which can act as revenue streams for farmers however there is not the supply of biomass currently to support a Mallee Eucalyptus based industry nor the production capacity installed to make use of any supply created.
This research creates a model through gathering relevant values from academic papers and government based reports in order help farmers assess the financial viability of Mallee Eucalypts based on the specific conditions faced on their farm. The research found that there are currently products which are profitable such as woodchips and bioelectricity for most farm sizes above the very small. There are also products such as lignocellulosic ethanol and an Integrated Mallee Processing plant which are profitable given a sufficient amount of Mallee biomass produced. There are some products such as wood pellets, bio oil, eucalyptus oil and activated carbon which are currently not profitable due to similar production costs and selling prices. It was determined that an external catalyst, most likely from the government, is required to increase the utilisation of Mallee Eucalypts due to the large number of other possible sources to produce the same products. An increase in utilisation of Mallee Eucalypts should build the foundation of a Mallee based production industry and then through increased investment in the respective technologies lead to more products becoming profitable.
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Van, Rooyen Surika. "The financial viability of the training and development of pharmacist's assistants / Surika van Rooyen". Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/710.
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Skills Development through education and training has always formed an integral part of the
development of individuals and the productivity and competitiveness of institutions. Education in
South Africa, especially in the Apartheid Era, was a hotly contested area. Since the African
National Congress (ANC) came into power in 1994, a new skills strategy was introduced and three
important pieces of legislation were passed into law, namely the South African Qualifications
Authority (SAQA) Act, the Skills Development Act and the Skills Development Levies Act. The
Skills Development Levies Act in effect forces organisations to provide their employees with
training and provides for the reimbursement of their skills levies in the form of grants only if
certain training criteria are met.
The financial implications of the training and development of employees in South Africa comprise
of costs and benefits. Human resource managers are under increased pressure to validate the, often
substantial, expenses and the effect they have on the bottom line of the company. In an
environment where competition is ever increasing and in the light of the financial impact of the
new legislation, the financial viability of an investment in training and development is being
questioned.
A corporate pharmacy group raised a similar question. The general objective of this research was to
determine the financial viability of the training and development of pharmacist's assistants in this
corporate pharmacy group. The study consisted of a literature study and an empirical survey by
means of a survey questionnaire to measure the impact of training as perceived by pharmacist's
assistants and their supervising pharmacists and a questionnaire used during structured interviews
with the key personnel of the corporate pharmacy group. The results of the interviews and an
examination of the financial records of the pharmacy group were used to calculate the financial
viability of the training programme for pharmacist's assistants.
The results showed that the training programme for pharmacist's assistants in the corporate
pharmacy group is financially viable for the group. Furthermore, a performance evaluation on the
training programme indicated that the programme adds value to the group by yielding a return in
excess of the required rate of return. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that the
pharmacy group should continue providing the pharmacist's assistants with in-house training
because it is not only financially viable, but provides other intangible benefits. It is further
recommended that the personnel of the pharmacy group have to be informed about the benefits of
determining the return on investment of a training programme and trained in the implementation
thereof. More effort should be put into the measuring of improvement as a result of the training
programme at different stages of implementation of the programme. Further attention should also
be given to the allocation of training costs within the pharmacy group.Thesis (M.Com. (Management Accounting))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Schalekamp, Esaias Engelbertus. "The financial viability of coal reserves within previously mined areas of the Witbank Coalfield". Diss., Pretoria: [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07092008-080108.
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Weiss, Torsten. "Wind Power Project Development : Financial Viability of Repowering with RETScreen as a Decision Aid Tool". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-257684.
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There is a need for an efficient adjustment of the energy supply system towards renewable energy resources in the near future. This raises the question whether it is financially efficient to repower an onshore wind turbine or wind farm in operation with respect to specific surrounding conditions? To this purpose, the objective of this Thesis is a quantitative analysis of a wind power project repowering addressing certain legislative parameters, varying economic factors and WT models respectively. To enable this analysis, a case-study considering a number of hypothetical scenarios for repowering a wind farm in Germany has been applied. The scenarios address in particular the widely implemented limitation in overall building heights of 100m depending upon varying economical parameters. Nevertheless, this case-study applies three different WT models whereof one model matches the legislations and the other two models exceed the legislations by a varying degree in order to evaluate a potential productivity growth. The varying economic conditions are represented by a base case projection applying average wind power construction costs and financial rates whereas a best case and worst case projection consider deviating interest rates, capacity factors, investment and O&M costs respectively. The economic calculations together with the determination of the capacity factor with respect to each WT model are performed by utilising the decision aid tool RETScreen. The results obtained by this case-study show versatile economic and technological performance. WT models of minor size addressing in particular local existing legislation regarding the limitation of overall height which must not exceed 100m are inefficient regardless of varying economic conditions. Exceeding the limitation, WT models provide a significant increase in performance and thus return positive economic results independent of varying economic conditions. The main conclusion is that existing local legislations based on previous considerations from the past but which no longer correspond to the state of technology have to be questioned in general or have to be mitigated by subsidy instruments in order to support a generation shift in technology before the end of life of operational wind farms and thus promptly increase efficiency by repowering.
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O'Malley, John Richard Jr. "Electronic Data Interchange: An Inventory Perspective of Its Economic Viability and Recommendations for Information Technology Driven Implementation". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37365.
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Electronic commerce (EC) in its various forms is perceived by many organizations as the way that business will be conducted in the future. Much of the current wave of interest in EC is driven by new, readily available technologies like the Internet and the World Wide Web. The excitement regarding Web Commerce has lead many to believe that EC is relatively new. In reality, EC in the form of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) has existed for 30 years and accounts for far more business than WC. It is the preferred, and often required, way of doing business with many large organizations such as the U.S. Federal Government, Ford, General Motors, and Wal-Mart.
While EDI has existed for 30 years, it has not experienced the rapid adoption rate that Web Commerce has in the last few years. Currently, less than 10 percent of U.S. businesses and less than 5 percent of world businesses utilize EDI. The adoption rates for other recent information technologies, such as the World Wide Web and e-mail, have been much higher in a much smaller time frame which leads to the question of why has diffusion of EDI occurred so slowly compared to other recent information technologies. According to Kalakota and Whinston (1996), it is not due to technology problems with EDI but instead with its benefits. This is in conflict with Emmelhainz (1990) and Sokol (1995) who point out the tremendous benefits to firms that adopt EDI.
This dissertation researches the reasons for the low EDI adoption rate based on financial benefits. It then develops an economic model that computes the cost savings which result when an EDI system is implemented. Sensitivity analysis is performed to understand the economic mechanisms of EDI. Based on the model developed here, recommendations are made for changing EDI to increase its market penetration. Finally, based on the recommendations an alternative EDI system, JEEDI, is developed. The financial effectiveness of the JEEDI system over existing EDI systems is then demonstrated using the economic model developed here.Ph. D.
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NETO, CARLOS STOZEK. "FINANCIAL VIABILITY STUDIES FOR THE INCLUSION OF SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS IN MULTIFAMILY HOUSING IN RIO DE JANEIRO". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33130@1.
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A aplicação de soluções e sistemas prediais sustentáveis em edificações, em especial em habitação, tem sido promovida pela adoção recente de leis pertinentes e pela maior consciência sobre o tema da sustentabilidade. Isto tem levado à iniciativas pontuais que visam redução de custos e de consumo de
recursos como energia e água. Porém, é pouco comum verificar no mercado habitacional do Rio de Janeiro o surgimento de novos lançamentos imobiliários que já contemplem soluções sustentáveis em seus projetos, mostrando falta de atenção por parte dos incorporadores imobiliários e clientes compradores com
relação à adoção de práticas sustentáveis e de gestão de recursos durante o desenvolvimento e operação da edificação. Este trabalho analisa parâmetros de incorporação e custos de operação de um empreendimento residencial hipotético, com oito pavimentos tipo, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no qual é
avaliada a inclusão de quatro sistemas: geração de energia solar fotovoltaica, reuso de águas cinzas, captação de água de chuvas e uso de hidrômetros individualizados. A análise financeira é realizada através da montagem de seis cenários de avaliação, o primeiro considerando a edificação sem nenhuma solução sustentável, os quatro seguintes com cada uma das soluções aplicadas separadamente, e a última considerando todas as soluções implementadas simultaneamente. Os resultados financeiros são comparados para avaliar dados do interesse do agente incorporador, como custos de incorporação,
necessidades de correção nos preços de venda e disposição a pagar do consumidor, e dados de interesse do cliente comprador, como economias geradas durante a operação e payback do investimento.The increase in the global population and the ever-increasing development of cities have given rise to various challenges to be overcome in environmental, social, cultural and economic terms. This situation makes it important to encourage the use of new technological solutions to build more sustainable cities and the real estate market has an important role in this process, because the incorporation of sustainable practices into buildings is decided upon during the design of real estate developments. With respect to the Brazilian market, the managers of developers currently bear the responsibility of being the decision-makers on the use of sustainable building systems and on the reduction of energy consumption over the lifespan of buildings. On the other hand, within the real estate market in the city of Rio de Janeiro, it is unusual to find multi-family housing developments that already feature such solutions integrated from the beginning into their designs, thereby demonstrating that real estate developers and buying customers overlook resource management during construction. Notably, financial considerations govern market relations and it is supposed that the implementation of sustainable solutions is still an unknown variable in terms of financial results, since the probable increase in the cost of initial construction still does not lead to visible, immediate gains for real estate developers. In addition, consumers do not have clarity on the gains tied to acquiring sustainable buildings. Information is lacking on the benefits in ecological terms and mainly, in financial terms, relating to the reduction in operating costs from the use of energy and natural resources during the lifespan of the building.
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Mauraisin, Maxence, i Amir AlAfndi. "Where there is a will, there is a way : Exploring the financial viability of Swedish ecovillages". Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-51242.
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Background: The myriads of environmental and social predicaments that came together with the rise of energy consumption and global capitalism now calls for a radical paradigm shift. Though this shift has been discussed over the last few decades under the concept of “sustainable development”, it appears that the focus has merely been put on “sustaining the unsustainable”. Hence, exploring alternative sustainability paradigms and their viability appears as a necessity to navigate in the Anthropocene era. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the strategies employed by Swedish ecovillages to achieve financial viability in the context of a strong sustainability paradigm. The focus is put on understanding how these organizations manage to avoid bankruptcy without compromising their values and purpose. Method: This thesis is qualitative in nature and is based on an interpretivist paradigm. More specifically, the researchers followed the Grounded Theory approach proposed by Strauss & Corbin to analyze their data and find a plausible theory. Therefore, the theory introduced by the authors is rooted in the primary data collected through in-depth interviews with a total of six residents from three different Swedish ecovillages. Conclusion: The results of this research shows that the Swedish ecovillages studied achieved financial viability by channeling money from the capitalist market economy to their communal economy, while simultaneously relying on their ideology and resources to prevent this money from “leaking out”.
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Laurikainen, Miia. "Success factors and financial viability of rural solar energy projects: a case study on blueEnergy Nicaragua". Thesis, Laurikainen, Miia (2010) Success factors and financial viability of rural solar energy projects: a case study on blueEnergy Nicaragua. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2010. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/4127/.
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In a world where billions of people still lack access to clean and affordable energy services the need for successful and financially viable rural electrification projects in developing countries is immense. In the last decade the focus of the rural electrification projects has shifted from traditional grid-extensions towards small-scale off-grid applications utilizing renewable energy. Such projects are often executed by various local non-governmental organizations receiving funding from international donor organizations. Due to myriad institutional, social and economic factors in different countries the success and financial viability of these projects can be difficult to ensure. The local NGOs are often left to scramble for short-term external financing year after year, without a sound plan for the long-term financial viability, thus undermining the overall success of the projects.
This dissertation set out to find the best ways for a rural solar energy project in a developing country to become financially viable after the initial financing from the donor organization had ended. The general success factors of projects as well as the role of the donor organization in helping to enhance the financial viability were also studied. The answers were sought with a review of the existing literature on the topic as a backdrop for a case study project in rural Nicaragua. By comparing the case study project to another, already established and successful project the trends that had emerged from the literature could be further highlighted and confirmed. The role of the donor organization was found to be crucial in helping the NGOs in developing countries planning for long-term financial viability, and one of the best ways for a NGO to ensure sound long-term financing was to develop the projects.into small commercial enterprises, or to form mutually beneficial partnerships with the existing ones. The overall success of the project as well as its financial viability was seen to be deeply dependent on the level of co-operation achieved between the various stakeholders.
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Bah, Elhadji Alpha Amadou. "Numerical investigation on the use of multi-element blades in vertical-axis wind turbines". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53501.
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The interest in sustainable forms of energy is being driven by the anticipated scarcity of traditional fossil fuels over the coming decades. There is also a growing concern about the effects of fossil fuel emissions on human health and the environment. Many sources of renewable energy are being researched and implemented for power production. In particular, wind power generation by horizontal- and vertical-axis wind turbines is very popular.
Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have a relative construction simplicity compared to horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs). However, VAWTs present specific challenges that may hinder their performance. For instance, they are strongly affected by dynamic stall. A significant part of the kinetic energy contained in the oncoming wind is lost in swirl and vortices. As a result, VAWTs have lower power production compared to HAWTs.
First, the present work is aimed at the study of the aerodynamics of straight-bladed VAWTs (SB-VAWTs). Empirical calculations are conducted in a preliminary work. Then a two-dimensional double multiple streamtube (DMST) approach supported by a two-dimensional numerical study is implemented. The dynamic stall and aerodynamic performance of the rotor are investigated. A VAWT-fitted dynamic stall model is implemented. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are conducted to serve as reference for the DMST calculations. This three-pronged approach allows us to efficiently explore multiple configurations. The dynamic stall phenomenon is identified as a primary cause of performance loss.
The results in this section validate the DMST model as a good replacement for CFD analysis in early phase design provided that a good dynamic stall model is used.
After having identify the primary cause of performance loss, the goal is to investigate the use to dual-element blades for alleviating the effect of dynamic stall, thereby improving the performance of the rotor. The desirable airfoil characteristics are defined and a parametric analysis conducted. In the present study the parameters consists of the size of the blade elements, the space between them, and their relative orientation. The performance of the rotor is calculated and compared to the baseline.
The results highlight the preeminence of the two-element configuration over the single-element provided that the adequate parametric study is conducted beforehand.
A performance enhancement is obtained over a large range of tip speed ratios. The starting characteristics and the operation stability are also improved.
Finally, an economic analysis is conducted to determine the cost of energy and thus the financial viability of such a project. The Great Coast of Senegal is selected as site of operation. The energy need and sources of this region are presented along with its wind energy potential. The cost evaluation shows the economic viability by comparing the cost of energy to the current energy market prices.
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Kelic, Andjelka 1972. "Assessing the technical and financial viability of broadband satellite systems using a cost per T1 minute metric". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16711.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics; and, Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Technology and Policy Program, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-111).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
A cost per 1.544 Mbps (T1) link per minute metric is developed for systems evaluation of satellite based broadband communications systems. Global market models based on Internet growth and computer penetration are developed. Initially systems are limited by the available market, however as the market increases, the design of the system becomes the limiting factor. These limits include satellite power resources, achievable link margins, and rain attenuation. A computer simulation is developed to model the complex interactions between the capacity limits and distributed market models.
by Andjelka Kelic.
S.M.
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Rossouw, Deon. "A technical risk evaluation of the Kantienpan volcanic hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) deposit and its financial viability". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08132008-094204/.
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Cooke, Sean. "Investigating the relationships between land use characteristics, public transport network features and financial viability at a corridor scale". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22716.
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The successful integration of public transport and land development planning is likely to be central in determining how effectively the cities in the 'global south' manage the mounting pressures from rapid urbanization, population growth and rising income inequality. While a number of Sub-Saharan African cities, particularly in South Africa, have commenced large scale public transport reform, little research has been undertaken to date on appropriate public transport-land use integration in these contexts. As a result, both of the initial phases of BRT corridor implementation, in Cape Town and Johannesburg, have been found to be financially unsustainable in their current urban forms. The major decisions regarding the design of land use environments and public transport networks, in the context of rapidly developing cities, still occur without due consideration for each other. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between land use characteristics, network features and viable public transport services in the South African context and at a corridor scale. The study utilises a public transport corridor operating cost model that was created to simulate the effects of variation in four land use characteristics (population density, density distribution, land use mix and destination accessibility) and two public transport network features (mode technology and service configuration) on the financial viability of services. The corridor operating cost model consists of cascading land use, transport and costing sub-models for which the output of one supplies the input of the next. Gross population density was found to have the weakest causal relationship with financial viability. Density distribution was shown to have a very significant effect on the average passenger trip length, and financial viability as a result. When the majority of the population is articulated adjacent to the public transport trunk corridors, at a higher density, far fewer inefficient feeder services are required. Additionally, the chosen non-motorised transport mode for those accessing the trunk service directly had a considerable effect as the higher speed of bicycles increases the catchment area within which a feeder service is usually not required. Bicycle-based density articulation was able to halve the total cost of the public transport network in one of the cases, relative to the conventional pedestrian-based variety. Land use mix had a strong connection to public transport financial viability, through substantial effects on peak passenger volume. The final land use characteristic, destination accessibility, was represented by distance to the Central Business District (CBD), as well as dictating the length of the transport corridor. It was found to have a substantial influence on financial viability and affordability, especially in the context of a distance-based fare system. Passenger volume is the key determinant of mode technology choice and is influenced by population density, as well as the other three land use characteristics to a lesser degree. Low population densities intuitively favour smaller vehicles, while high densities or economies of scale promote the use of suburban rail and other capital intensive modes. Long public transport corridors with unsupportive land use environments favour larger vehicles, such as the BRT and non-BRT articulated bus modes. Fewer of these large vehicles are required to meet the demand and they can efficiently operate over longer distances than their smaller competitors. Whereas, short corridors and supportive land use environments favour the space priority that the conventional and articulated BRT modes possess. The higher speed that the segregated lanes allow the vehicles to reach over the shorter route distance also decreases vehicle requirements due to the higher rate of trips per hour per vehicle. The trunk-feeder and direct service configurations reacted similarly to the changes in land use characteristics, when the optimum modes are chosen to minimise costs. The results of the study suggest that a detailed land use development plan is necessary for each major public transport corridor, with unique targets for population density, density articulation and land use mix. It also demonstrated that, in the South African context, to achieve a high public transport modal split and sustainable public transport service requires high population densities, high articulation, mixed land uses, small corridor catchment areas and minimal feeder services.
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Costa, Cristiana Filipa Gomes. "Viabilidade económico-financeira de projeto de criação de negócio têxtil". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19988.
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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças EmpresariaisA existência de uma relação precária entre a cadeia de lojas BalletShop- composta por 5 lojas, localizadas na área centro e sul do país - e um dos seus maiores fornecedores de artigos de vestuário, que potenciará uma eminente cessação do contrato entre ambas as partes, foi a situação que despoletou a ideia do negócio em análise. Desse modo, o presente projeto propõe a criação de um negócio de produção de vestuário de dança, que se caracteriza por ser um negócio de reduzida dimensão, no entanto, com uma previsão favorável de crescimento, dado que irá atuar num nicho de mercado pouco explorado em Portugal, mas com bastante potencial, não só nacional, como internacionalmente. Para esse efeito, prevê-se a produção de quatro produtos - maillots, tutus cueca, saias de trespasse fixo e saias de pontas - , através de uma estratégia de diferenciação, no entanto tentando sempre otimizar o indicador qualidade/preço. Para a implementação do presente projeto será necessário um investimento de, aproximadamente, 19.000€ em maquinaria e equipamento diverso. A elaboração rigorosa e detalhada a nível técnico do presente projeto foi possível graças a uma investigação exaustiva acerca do tema e do setor, às entrevistas efetuadas às promotoras do projeto, e ao apoio e colaboração de diversas pessoas relacionadas com o empreendimento em análise e com a área a que este diz respeito. O resultado evidenciou um projeto viável e atrativo de investimento, suportado por resultados económico-financeiros, mesmo quando equacionando alguns cenários mais pessimistas.
The existence of a precarious relationship between the BalletShop chain of stores - made up of 5 stores - and one of its largest suppliers of dance wear, which will lead to an imminent termination of the contract between both parties, it was the situation that triggered the idea of the business under analysis. Thus, this project proposes the creation of a dance wear production business, which is characterized by being a small business, but with a favorable growth forecast, as it will operate in a little explored niche market in Portugal, but with a lot of potential, not only nationally but also internationally. To achieve this purpose, it is planned the production of four products - maillots, tutus and two types of skirts -, through a differentiation strategy, however always trying to optimize the quality/price indicator. To implement this project will be required an investment of, approximately, 19.000€ in machinery and equipment. The rigorous and detailed technical elaboration of this project was possible thanks to a thorough research on the theme and the sector, to the interviews carried out with the project promoters and the support and collaboration of several people related to the project under analysis and the area to which it relates. The result evidenced a viable and attractive investment project, supported by economic and financial results, even when equating some pessimistic scenarios.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Ghebre, Temesghen Tesfazghi. "The Viability of Installing Mid-Size PV Solar Parks in Sweden : "A paper that evaluates the economic viability of installing mid-size PV solar parks ranging from 250 kW to 2 MW in the village of Åled."". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-33931.
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The ambition of the Swedish government is rapidly concentrating on the development of the renewable energy systems especially on wind energy, bio energy and solar energy. It has been observed on the growth of the production of electricity and heat from these three mentioned renewable energy systems. But, relatively in Sweden the share of production of electricity obtained from PV is quite smaller than the other two. The PV electricity production in Sweden comprises in a large scale of mainly the grid connected distributed PV systems and with a small number of installed solar parks. The aim of this paper is to analyze the viability of installing mid -size PV solar parks in Sweden and to simulate the effect of the proposed project in the village’s (Åled is the village where the proposed site is located) and the country’s electricity production. This study includes designing, simulation and financial analysis of different grid connected centralized mid -size capacities of PV solar parks of 250 kWp,500 kWp,1MWp and 2MWp. They are all fixed ground mounted systems. Moreover, it also discusses the main reasons that hinders decision makers, the PV complications that are connected to the grid, Sweden’s energy regulations particularly the emission regulation and the financial policies of PV. Also, study visit, telephone and email contacts have supplemented it. This study was done with the collaboration of Nyedal Solenergi, in which the proposed site was owned by the company and this paper will be a future guide for the investment of the mid-size PV solar park. According to the study a discussion has been made with the grid supplier (EON) in that area on the investment on one of the designed projects which are presented in this paper. The results of the study show that the effect of the proposed systems on the production of electricity in the village of Åled was between 2.68 – 21.4 % and the impact on the country’s PV electricity production was 0.2 – 1.58 %. And, the possibility of installing mid-size PV solar parks generally in Sweden particularly in the proposed site is possible and economically it is viable but not profitable for system capacities less than 1 MW. As the IRR found for all capacities is greater than the estimated WACC, hence each proposed capacity has the possibility of paying back all its investment costs in about 23 years. So, the profitability is very low in case of the 250 kWp and 500 kWp but for the others they have about 7-8 years of profitability. A sensitivity analysis also has shown the impact of initial investment costs, O & M costs and electricity export rate on the IRR, NPV and equity payback. The initial investment cost and electricity export rate were seen with high effect on the IRR, NPV and equity payback. The LCOE calculated was higher than the average electricity spot price (300 SEK/MWh) for 250 kWp and 500 kWp but lower for the other two capacities. The overall impact for the financial analysis was due to the decreasing of module prices, the rules that changes every year on electricity subsidies for renewables, tax reductions and rapid decreasing of electricity spot prices. In the future if the price of modules continues decreasing, spot price increases, more modification of the subsidy and introduction of new PV technologies integrated with other sources of energy is done then such projects could be more profitable.
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O'Loughnane, Guy. "Evaluating the role of financial institutions in monetizing forest ecosystem values : existing arrangements and the viability of new arrangements". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43221.
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Forests contain a multitude of values, many of which are incorporated within the existing economic system, allowing us to create an economic value for forests. These values compete with alternative land uses to ascertain which is the most economically efficient. The continued process of forest land use conversion indicates that existing monetized forest values are insufficient to prevent global deforestation.
Recognition of the importance of previously un-monetized forest values, such as forest carbon for climate regulation and species habitation for global biodiversity levels, has stimulated efforts to incorporate these values within the existing economic system. Previous efforts to ‘ring fence’ these assets by regulatory means has met with limited success. The creation of market based incentive systems to monetize these forest values has gained increasing support over the years as policy makers seek to build on earlier successes.
Adaptations within and creation of new institutions has been required in order to establish these market based incentive systems. Ensuring that the correct institutional arrangements exist is vital for their institutional effectiveness. This is of particular importance with regards existing institutions as concerns abound about their governance, transparency and accountability arrangements.
This thesis focuses on large scale publicly owned international banks and identifies various weaknesses in existing institutional arrangement and seeks to ascertain whether they have the adaptive capacity to address these shortfalls. The thesis also studies the creation of an entirely new institution, the International Forest Bank, as a viable alternative to adaptation processes. Despite the many shortfalls in existing institutional arrangements an International Forestry Bank was found to be too aspirational and of too great a scale. The research concludes that research into the creation of a smaller more regional International Forestry Bank would be warranted.
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Toledo, Julio Cesar Scaramuzzi de. "Viabilidade financeira da implantação do projeto de construção da estação de tratamento de esgotos - ETE - do Município de Lençóis Paulista - Estado de São Paulo /". Bauru : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136667.
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Orientador: Manoel Henrique SalgadoBanca: Jair Wagner de Souza manfrinato
Banca: Flávio Ferrari Aragon
Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como finalidade, apresentar e comparar dados quantitativos relativos à estação de tratamento de esgotos situada no interior de São Paulo, mais especificamente na cidade de Lençóis Paulista. A proposta do presente trabalho é apresentação de dados financeiros, particularmente retorno e risco do projeto. Dados esses que demonstram também o montante investido, e ainda, as receitas e despesas inerentes ao funcionamento do mesmo. Serão utilizados métodos de análise investimentos tradicionalmente conhecidos como valor presente líquido, taxa interna de retorno e prazo médio de retorno. Para o cálculo da probabilidade de risco do projeto, a distribuição normal será a ferramenta utilizada. É senso comum que um dos maiores fatores de degradação da qualidade da água é justamente a poluição resultante do lançamento dos esgotos sanitários coletados em corpos d'água, o que justifica a necessidade do tratamento desses esgotos, de modo a reduzir a carga poluidora antes de sua disposição final. Segundo dados do Governo Federal apenas 20,2% do esgoto sanitário coletado nos domicílios brasileiros recebem tratamento e só uma pequena parcela tem destinação final sanitariamente adequada no meio (IBGE, 2003). Desta forma, o presente estudo deste problema contemporâneo, demonstrou quantitativamente que a implantação de uma ETE é viável financeiramente, como demonstra os cálculos do valor presente líquido (VPL), taxa interna de retorno (TIR) e o prazo médio de retorno do investimento (payback). Esses métodos de avaliação de investimento foram sensibilizados com uma série que envolve a probabilidade de crescimento populacional, o que possibilitou calcular o risco do projeto, cujo percentual confirma a viabilidade do projeto, em razão do risco calculado ser muito baixo.
Abstract: This dissertation has the purpose to present and compare quantitative data about waste treatment station, placed in Lençóis Paulista city, in the state of Sao Paulo. At first, this work had the intent to present financial and environmental data, however, the project not in operation, it showed only financial data. These data demonstrate the amount of money invested, as also, the revenues and expenses inherent of operation. This work used the traditional investment analysis method, like net present value, interested rate return and payback. To calculate the project risk probability, it was used normal distribution. The waste water collected is fundamental to guarantee the population's life quality. However, one of the major reason to quality's water degradation is the pollution resulted of throwing waste waters in creeks, rivers and others flow waters which justify the need to treat them, reducing the amount of pollution before their final disposal. According to Brazilian's Government statistics, only 20,2% of waste water from brazilian's homes receives proper treatment, and just a small quantity is returned in sanitary way to the environment. (IBGE, 2003). In such a way, this study esposes a contemporary problem, demonstrating quantitatively, that the implementation of ETE is financially viable, like demonstrated calculation of the net present value (NPV), internal interested rate (IRR), and payback. That investments methods evaluation was sensibility through an probability series about population growth, that make possible calculated the project risk, wich result confirm the viability of the project.
Mestre
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Somerset, John W. "Defining a financially sustainable independent school in Australia". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/109788/1/John_Somerset_Thesis.pdf.
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Independent schools in Australia have $10 billion in annual turnover, educate 594,000 students, employ 53,000 teachers plus other staff, invest billions of dollars into infrastructure and service debt of approximately $3 billion. Financial stakeholders have little empirical evidence on the attributes of a financially sustainable independent school from which to make an informed decision on financial risk. This innovative qualitative study uncovered thick, rich descriptions from a broad range of expert stakeholders to define a financially sustainable independent school and document a comprehensive list of attributes.
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Godawitharana, Sampath, i Rohitha Rajaratne. "Technical and Financial Viability of Utilizing Waste Heat for Chilled Water Production and Biomass for Heating Applications in Hospitality Industry". Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101392.
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The purpose of the thesis is to determine the potential of lessening the high energy cost in the hospitality industry so that the industry could stay alive after a three decades of civil war in Sri Lanka. The hospitality industry is a significant contributor to the country’s economic growth. Tourism industry has much hope of recovering in the year 2010. Improved tourism would also benefit larger part of Sri Lankan population as they are directly and indirectly employed to serve the tourism industry. Sri Lanka has a high electricity production cost as it depends heavily on the imported fossil fuel. Survival of hospitality industry would depend on the manner in which the energy cost - the second highest overhead in hotels is managed. If the industry survives, Sri Lanka would receive more foreign exchange and thereby improve country’s foreign currency reserve which could contribute to high growth rate. As electricity production is mainly depending on thermal, the volatility of world crude oil prices is directly affecting the country’s electricity prices. However, low dependence on the grid would help the hospitality industry to mitigate the energy cost. As the electricity and diesel costs -the highest and the next - are considerable portions in energy cost in hospitality industry, the study aims to discuss the possible ways of mitigating such costs. Measurements done by the presenters found that the usage of electricity for air conditioning system does constitute most of the electricity consumption for a hotel whilst most of the diesel consumption is for thermal applications. If Air Conditioning (AC) can be operated without electricity and thermal applications could be operated using abundantly available alternative energy sources then the overall energy costs of hospitality industry could be reduced thereby making higher profits. This would ensure industry survives and country gets more foreign exchange. Study and calculations done by the presenters proved that operating of generators only for electricity production is not viable, due to high fossil fuel cost, however if its high exhaust temperature which is wasted otherwise, could be utilized for operation of absorption chillier then the dependence of grid electricity for air conditioning could be minimized. Further studies also revealed that if water cooled generator is used for such purpose instead of air cooled, and then the hot water requirement of hotel also could be fulfilled, thus mitigating the dependence of fossil fuel which is used otherwise for hot water production. Study also revealed that if thermal energy could be fed with biomass- Sri Lanka being a tropical country is blessed with abundantly available biomass - then the dependency on the fossil fuel for thermal applications could be avoided. This would not only mitigate the second highest energy cost for hotels but also create less carbon foot print, more environmental friendly and produce less noxious exhaust gases thereby creating an advertisement to attract tourists who longing to support green hotels
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Šinkūnaitė, Ingrida. "Mokesčių ir subsidijų įtaka ūkių ekonominiam gyvybingumuui". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130621_132507-79553.
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SANTRAUKA
Ingrida ŠINKŪNAITĖ
Mokesčių ir subsidijų įtaka ūkių ekonominiam gyvybingumui
Magistrantūros studijų baigiamasis darbas, 60 puslapių, 46 paveikslai, 16 lentelių, 73 literatūros šaltiniai, 16 priedų, lietuvių kalba.
RAKTINIAI ŽODŽIAI: ekonominis gyvybingumas, žemės ūkis, finansinė analizė, gamybos subsidijos, žemės ūkio mokesčiai, ūkininko ūkis.
Tyrimo objektas – mokesčių ir subsidijų įtaka ūkio ekonominiam gyvybingumui.
Tyrimo tikslas – nustačius veiksnius, sukurti mokesčių ir subsidijų įtakos ūkio ekonominiam gyvybingumui vertinimo metodiką ir įvertinti mokesčių ir subsidijų įtaką ūkio ekonominiam gyvybingumui.
Tyrimo tikslui pasiekti keliami tokie uždaviniai:
• Apibūdinti ūkį ir išanalizuoti S. Šinkūno ūkio finansinę būklę.
• Apibrėžti tyrimui naudojamą – ekonominio gyvybingumo sampratą ir jį lemiančius veiksnius.
• Sudaryti metodiką subsidijų ir mokesčių įtakos ūkio ekonominiam gyvybingumui vertinimui.
• Nustatyti mokesčių ir subsidijų įtaką ūkių ekonominiam gyvybingumui.
Tyrimo metodai – literatūros analizė, lyginamoji, sisteminė, loginė ir analitinė analizė, santykinių rodiklių analizė, grafinis duomenų vaizdavimo būdas bei statistinės analizės metodai.
Tyrimo rezultatai. Pirmoje darbo dalyje išanalizuotas S. Šinkūno ūkis, pateikti pelningumo rodikliai ir nustatyta tyrimo problema. Antroje darbo dalyje atlikta įvairių autorių ekonominio gyvybingumo sampratos interpretacijų analizė, išskirti lemiantys veiksniai. Išanalizavus mokslinę literatūrą sudaryta... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]SUMMARY Ingrida ŠINKŪNAITĖ Influence of Taxes and Subsidies on the Economic Viability of Farms Final work of University Master Studies consists of 60 pages, 16 tables, 46 figures, 71 references, 16 appendices, in Lithuanian. KEY WORDS: economic viability, evaluation of the eco¬nomic viability, financial indicators, agriculture. The object of research – influence of taxes and subsidies on the economic viability of farms. The purpose of the study is to analyze the theoretical background of tax, to explore the problems of labor income and profit tax, to define how taxes and subsidies affect the economic viability of a farm and recommend the suggestions for the development. The objectives defined in the theses are to describe and analyze the financial situation of S. Šinkūnas farm, to define the concept of economic viability and its determinants, to develop and use a methodology for the assessment of the influence of subsidies and taxes on the economic viability of a farm, to show trends and make comparison of the farms. The methods used in the research are analysis of literature, comparative, systematic, logical and analytical analysis, analysis of relative indexes, graphical data display, statistical analysis. Research results: In the first part of the study S. Šinkūnas farm is investigated. The profitability indicators are presented and the research problem is defined. The second part of the thesis provides the analysis of various authors’ interpretations of the economic... [to full text]
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Lipkins, Lisa. "Strategies Used by African American Women to Secure Financial Capital to Start New Businesses". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7936.
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Women-owned businesses continue to drive economic growth in the United States. However, some African American businesswomen lack strategies to obtain capital to start their business. Strategies to obtain funds for a startup is vital to African American women seeking to start and sustain their businesses. Guided by entrepreneurial theory, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies African American women use to secure financial capital to start new businesses. The participants included 6 African American women business owners in Atlanta, Georgia, with successful experience in utilizing strategies to secure financial capital to start new businesses. Data were collected from semistructured interviews and company documents. Yin's 5-step analysis was used to analyze the data. The main themes were challenges of being an African American business woman, motivating factors leading to business ownership, and overcoming bank financing challenges. The implications for positive social change may include addressing the disparity of social, human, and financial capital to start new businesses among African American women.
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Bagge, Laura. "An investigation of the economic viability and ethical ramifications of video surveillance in the ICU". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/943.
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The purpose of this review of literature is to investigate the various roles of video surveillance (VS) in the hospital's intensive care unit (ICU) as well as its legal and ethical implications. Today, hospitals spend more money on the ICU than on any other unit. By 2030, the population of those 65 and over is expected to double. 80% of older adults have at least one chronic diseases (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). As a consequence, the demand for ICU services will likely increase, which may burden hospital with additional costs. Because of increasing economic pressures, more hospitals are using video surveillance to enhance quality care and reduce ICU costs (Goran, 2012). Research shows that VS enhances positive outcomes among patients and best practice compliance among hospital staff. The results are fewer reports of patient complications and days spent in the ICU, and an increase in reported hospital savings. In addition, VS is becoming an important tool for the families of newborns in the neonatal ICU (NICU). The belief is that the VS can facilitate parent-baby bonding. In the United States of America, privacy rights impose legal restrictions on VS. These rights come from the U.S. Constitution, Statutory law, Regulatory law, and State law. HIPPA authorizes the patient to control the use and disclosure of his or her health information. Accordingly, hospitals are under obligation to inform patients on their right to protected health information. It is appropriate that hospitals use VS for diagnostic purposes as long as they have obtained patient consent. According to modern day privacy experts Charles Fried and Alan Westin, a violation of a person's privacy equates a violation on their liberty and morality. However, if a physician suspects that a third party person is causing harm to the patient, than the use of covert VS is justifiable.B.S.N.
Bachelors
Nursing
Nursing
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Oganne, Galonkge. "The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) : analysing the financial viability of potential CDM projects, and assessing associated sustainable development impacts for South Africa". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6927.
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Bibliography: leaves 85-91.A growing concern regarding the limitation inherent in the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) for encouraging prompt global action on climate change has been key in vitalising climate change negotiations. The UNFCCC process has triggered further negotiations and related international forums on climate change that eventually led to the birth of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. This outcome represents a legally enforceable strategy for reinforcing the UNFCCC. Being among the first key climate change regime milestones, the Kyoto Protocol was adopted to enable a working environment for international co-operation against the threat of climate change to humanity. To this end, incorporates carbon emissions reduction instruments known as 'flexibility mechanisms' to achieve the overall objective of “... stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere ...” (UNFCCC 1992). Of the four climate change mitigation implementation instruments (or mechanisms), the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) stands out as the only one relevant for the developing world. The thesis investigates the potential for the CDM to both protect and promote the indigenous development policy objectives of the Southern project-host countries in the context of a new paradigm of sustainable development The CDM would support local capacity building and provide a tool for enabling technology reception in the South; and would set up a unique arrangement by which the Northern parties will have access to more cost-effective avenues in fulfilling their climate commitments than pursuing domestic measures. The core of the rationale behind the thesis stems from a need for expanding the insight into how the CDM will achieve its primary purpose of enhancing sustainable development for developing country-based participants. Austin et al (1999) reviewed this question for three other developing countries (Le. Brazil, China and India), in an effort to enhance the insight into measuring sustainable development outcomes arising from the CDM. The thesis employs a South African socio-economic development context for investigation. The thesis also assesses how supporting CDM-driven activities will be worthwhile, from an economic standpoint, for potential project investors or developers in developing countries. The thesis investigates the investment (or financial) performance of CDM projects by comparing the impact, on a project's Internal Rate of Return (IRR), of incorporating an associated carbon investment component within a conventional project investment framework. For this, it focuses on four of the country's potential energy sector climate mitigation projects as case studies for its investigation.
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Pires, Samuel Monteiro. "Viabilidade económico-financeira de criação de negócio de mobilidade urbana". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20685.
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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças EmpresariaisA inexistência de um serviço sharing de trotinetes elétricas no concelho do Barreiro foi a situação que originou a ideia de negócio em desenvolvimento. Desta forma, o projeto em questão visa avaliar a viabilidade económica-financeira da criação de um negócio de mobilidade urbana no concelho do Barreiro, onde se pretende implementar inicialmente 30 trotinetes elétricas. Este projeto tem como missão conceder uma opção de mobilidade para aqueles que desejam deslocar-se de uma forma rápida, flexível e a um custo reduzido. Para além disso, pretende-se que os munícipes disponham de um meio de transporte que esteja disponível em lugares referenciados a qualquer momento do dia. O negócio em análise caracteriza-se pelo elevado número de potenciais clientes. Com base nos Censos 2011, o concelho do Barreiro tinha à data 78.764 habitantes, dos quais 50.532 tinham idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 64 anos (INE, 2012). O mercado potencial deste empreendimento é caracterizado essencialmente pelos jovens e pessoas de meia-idade que na sua rotina já recorrem a transportes públicos ou fazem vários percursos a pé. Para a execução desta ideia de negócio será necessário realizar um investimento inicial de 23.414,56€ em ativos fixos tangíveis e de 24.600,00€ em ativo intangível, mais concretamente no software as a service (SaaS). Os resultados evidenciaram que este negócio é atrativo numa perspetiva de longo prazo, podendo ainda ser financiado através de programas como o Portugal 2030, os quais poderão financiar uma parte substancial deste empreendimento a fundos perdidos, diminuindo desta forma o risco para o investidor.
The lack of an electric scooter sharing service in the municipality of Barreiro was the situation that triggered the business idea under analysis. Thus, the project in question aims to assess the economic and financial viability of creating an urban mobility business in the municipality of Barreiro, where it is intended to initially implement 30 electric scooters. This project's mission is to provide a mobility option for those who want to move quickly, flexibly and at a reduced cost. In addition, it is intended that citizens have a means of transport that is available in strategic places at any time of the day. The project under analysis is characterized by the high number of potential customers. Based on the 2011 Census the municipality of Barreiro had 78.764 inhabitants at that time, of which 50.532 were aged between 15 and 64 years old (INE, 2012). The potential market for this business is essentially characterized by young and middle-aged people who already use public transport or make several routes on foot in their routine. To implement this project will be required an initial investment of 23.414,56€ in tangible fixed assets and 24.600,00€ in intangible assets, more specifically in the software as a service (SaaS). The results proved that this business is attractive in a long-term perspective. Furthermore, it can also be financed through programs such as Portugal 2030, which may finance a substantial part of this business with outright grants, reducing the risk for the investor.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Čámská, Dagmar. "Modely predikce finanční tísně s důrazem na tranzitivní ekonomiky". Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199298.
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The basic aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the predictive ability and accuracy of the existing and until now created corporate models predicting financial distress and verification of multinational force models. Partial goals must be filled to meet the basic objective and therefore the theoretical part is especially mapping models used and developed in the Czech Republic and other European economies, of which the emphasis is primarily on the former transition economies. These now post-transition economies have passed a similar political and economic development as the Czech Republic, and therefore prediction models created and used there could be transferable to the environment of the Czech economy and Czech companies whose financial health and conditions are assessed. The practical part is based on the author's own research, which is dedicated to the evaluation of prediction models when applied to Czech business entities differentiated according to belonging to a particular industry branch. During the models' evaluation the emphasis is on the fact whether they are national (Czech) or foreign models.
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De, Kock Stephan Glynn. "An investigation into the viability of applying regression analysis and mathematical science to enhance marketing strategies for the Woolworths financial services personal loans product". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80772.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: is a common misconception that marketing is all about advertising and other promotional activities. These activities are only part of the marketing process which is in fact about identifying the wants and needs of certain customers and satisfying them better than the competition. However, it must also be borne in mind that these needs and wants change over time as customers change positions in the customer lifecycle. The customer lifecycle of a Woolworths Financial Services personal loan customer is not unlike the generic customer lifecycle of acquisition, development and retention and as such aligns with the principles associated with this theory – acquire, develop and retain as many customers as possible at the lowest cost. The current marketing practices of Woolworths Financial Services are not targeted, focusing on the entire base of prospective customers without any differentiation between those who would most likely respond and those who would not. These practices, however, have provided the opportunity to gain valuable information about the characteristics of those who do respond and those who do not. The use of data mining and regression analysis models (developed on this data) can provide the ability to effectively predict the response curve – ranking and assigning probabilities based on customer behaviour. That being said, these probabilities are of little use if they are not used to optimise the structure of marketing campaigns by determining where to differentiate an offer or not. It is here that mathematical science provides a solution through the optimisation process – the process of computing the mix of variables that provides the best result – in this case the highest number of customers acquired, developed and retained within the constraints of a defined marketing budget. Finally, the result of this process culminates in an increase in shareholder value which would not have been achieved through existing marketing products. The risk associated with implementing this process is negligible, based on empirical evidence regarding the impact of differentiated offers on response rates and as such must be implemented wherever possible.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is ‘n algemene wanopvatting dat bemarking net oor advertensie en ander reklame aktiwitiete gaan. Hierdie aktiwiteite is slegs ‘n deel van die bemarkingsproses wat eintlik gaan oor die identifisering van die behoeftes van sekere kliënte en om hulle beter as die opposisie te kan bedien. Dit moet egter in gedagte gehou word dat die behoeftes van kliente oor tyd verander as hulle posisies skuif in die kliëntelewenssiklus. Die kliëntelewenssiklus van ‘n Woolworths Finansiële Dienste persoonlikeleningskliënt is nie anders as die gemiddelde kliëntelewensiklus van verkryging, ontwikkeling en retensie nie, en vergelyk dus met die beginsels wat met hierdie teorie geassosieer word – verkry, ontwikkel en behou so veel as moontlik kliënte teen die laagste koste. Die huidige bemarkingsprosesse van Woolworths Finansiële Dienste is nie beperk nie en fokus op die algehele moontlike kliëntebasis sonder om te onderskei tussen dié wat heel moontlik sal reageer en dié wat nie sal nie. Hierdie praktyk het egter die geleentheid geskep om waardevolle inligting te bekom oor dié wat reageer en dié wat nie reageer nie. Die gebruik van dataontleding en regressie analise modelle (ontwikkel op hierdie data) kan die vermoë skep om effektief die reaksiekurwe te voorspel – rangskikking en aanwysing van waarskynlikhede gebaseer op kliëntegedrag. Gegewe dié afleiding, is hierdie waarskynlikhede van geringe belang as dit nie aangewend word om die struktuur van die bemarkingsveldtog te optimeer deur te bepaal of ‘n aanbieding gewysig moet word of nie. Dit is hier waar wiskundige metodes ‘n oplossing bied deur die optimeringsproses – in hierdie geval die meeste kliënte wat verkry, ontwikkel en behou kan word binne die beperkinge van ‘n geïdentifiseerde bemarkingsbegroting. Ten slotte, die resultaat van hierdie proses lei tot ‘n toename in aandeelhouerwaarde wat nie moontlik sou wees deur bestaande bemarkingsprodukte nie. Die risiko met die implementering van hierdie proses is weglaatbaar klein, gebaseer op die empiriese bewyse aangaande die impak van gedifferensieerde aanbiedings op reaksiekoerse en moet dus geïmplementeer word waar moontlik.
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Zanini, Bárbara. "Análise da viabilidade econômica e financeira de uma empresa de produtos para saúde, higiene e limpeza". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/856.
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-08This study aimed to analyze the economic and financial viability of the company Alfa and point intervention scenarios. The methodology used to conduct this study was to collect and analyze data qualitatively and quantitatively. The collection and qualitative analysis was done by means of semi-structured interviews with the kind owner applying as a diagnostic tool SWOT analysis and Business Model Canvas frame. The quantitative analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet with the application of the financial evaluation techniques with them the Net Present Value (NPV), the Profitability Index (IL), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), the Time return on invested capital (Payback) and, finally, the Scenario Analysis. The results showed that the way has been carrying out its activities, the Alfa company is not viable economically and financially, since the financial ratios indicated that the company would be viable in a growth scenario of 10% per year difficult situation to occur in the current economic scenario. Presenting the results for the business it chose to sell the business. In the present study were used deterministic methods, which do not consider the uncertainties of the market and future scenarios. So, for future research, using methods not deterministic is suggested as methods of Monte Carlo and Fuzzy Logic
Este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar a viabilidade econômica e financeira da empresa Alfa e apontar cenários de intervenção. A metodologia utilizada para a realização desse trabalho foi a coleta e análise de dados de forma qualitativa e quantitativa. A coleta e análise qualitativa se deu por meio de entrevistas do tipo semiestruturada com o proprietário aplicando como ferramenta de diagnóstico a análise SWOT e o quadro Business Model Canvas. A análise quantitativa foi elaborada através de planilha no Microsoft Excel® com a aplicação das técnicas de avaliação financeira sendo elas o Valor Presente Líquido (VPL), o Índice de Lucratividade (IL), a Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR), o Tempo de Retorno do capital investido (Payback) e, por fim, a Análise de Cenários. Os resultados mostraram que, da maneira como vem executando suas atividades, a empresa Alfa não é viável econômica e financeiramente, uma vez que os índices financeiros apontaram que a empresa seria viável num cenário de crescimento de 10% ao ano, situação difícil de ocorrer no cenário econômico atual. Ao apresentar os resultados para o empresário o mesmo optou por vender o negócio. No presente estudo foram utilizados métodos determinísticos, os quais não consideram as incertezas do mercado e dos cenários futuros. Por isso, para pesquisas futuras, sugere-se o uso de métodos não determinísticos tal como os métodos de Monte Carlo e a Lógica Fuzzy
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Allen, David. "UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT THE HOSPITAL READMISSION RATE PROGRAM AND VALUE BASED PURCHASING HAS HAD ON THE FINANCIAL VIABILITY OF ACADEMIC HEALTH CENTERS, 2011 TO 2015". VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6034.
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Academic Health Centers (AHCs) hold a unique place in today’s health care environment. They service their communities through a tripartite mission of education, research, and provision of complex care to disadvantaged populations. To achieve this mission, AHCs face challenges in funding and cost containment compared to non-AHCs. Additionally, the implementation of government programs like the Hospital Readmission Rate Program (HRRP) and Value Based Purchasing (VBP) have the potential to affect AHCs differently from non-AHCs. While AHC’s unique features are known and there has been research to date on HRRP and VBP, literature has yet to statistically explore the financial differences between AHCs and non-AHCs and how HRRP and VBP may have differentially affected AHCs compared to non-AHCs.
The objectives of this study are to explore financial differences between AHCs and non-AHCs and the impact that HRRP and VBP has had on these two types of organizations through the use of a contingency theory framework. Contingency theory is an organizational theory that seeks to explain variations in organizational performance over time by studying internal and external environmental influences.
Guided by Contingency Theory, the study used a non-randomized, quasi-experimental, retrospective study design to evaluate two hypotheses. The study sample consisted of a total of 10,157 (991 AHCs) US non-rural hospital years from 2011 through 2015. The study used operating margin and total margin as the key measures of hospital financial performance for the dependent variables. HRRP and VBP were combined into a single independent variable along with hospital type differentiating AHCs from non-AHCs. Covariates of Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, Medicaid expansion, health system affiliation, and ownership structure were used to control for other environmental influences. A repeated measure analysis of variance was employed to test the difference between the two hospital groups in isolation of HRRP, VBP, and covariates and a repeated measure analysis of variance with covariance was used to test the full model, which incorporated HRRP, VBP, and covariates. The results of the analysis support the significance of HRRP and VBP on hospital operating margin, but the results did not support a differential effect of these programs on AHCs as compared to non-AHCs.
While the results did not support the two main hypotheses, it did provide valuable insight into the financial differences between AHCs and non-AHCs and the importance of VBP and HRRP on hospital financial performance. The results also provide important policy implications and thoughts on potential managerial actions given the HRRP and VBP programs.
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Scherer, Leandro. "Análise estratégica e financeira da produção de biogás a partir de dejeto suíno em Itaipulândia - Pr". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3106.
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The objective of this study was to analyze the strategic and financial viability for biogas production from swine manure in the municipality of Itaipulândia. The methodology used was the qualitative analysis with a single case study. Data were collected through interviews, use of diverse documents and research, comparing with the theoretical basis selected. The strategic tools used were: Porter's Five Forces; SWOT Analysis; Analysis of Scenarios and the Financial Indicators: Payback, NPV, IRR and IL. Using the Five Porter Forces, it was shown that biogas presented financial advantages over current competing sources (wood chips, electricity, diesel), and that, currently, there is no evidence for new entrants in this market. In SWOT Analysis it was concluded that strengths and opportunities were superior to weaknesses and threats. In the scenario analysis, three situations were considered: pessimistic scenario, probable and optimistic. In the analysis of the financial indicators, it was concluded that the project was not financially viable in the four indicators, mainly due to the high investment. In a second analysis, considering the possibility of a 50,0% subsidy by the Itaipulândia City Hall, the project was financially viable, with Payback of 14 years and 6 months; NPV of R$450,701.12; IRR of 11.9% and IL of 1.14. The justification for the subsidy was based on environmental gains, due to the need to treat swine manure, social gains, income generation, improvements in the quality of life of local society, as well as serve as an example of sustainable energy generation for other regions Brazil and other countries.
Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a viabilidade estratégica e financeira para a produção do biogás a partir dos dejetos suínos no município de Itaipulândia. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise qualitativa com estudo de caso único. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas, utilização de documentos diversos e pesquisas, confrontando com a base teórica selecionada. As ferramentas estratégicas utilizadas foram: As Cinco Forças de Porter; Análise SWOT; Análise de Cenários e os Indicadores Financeiros: Payback, VPL, TIR e ÍL. Ao utilizar-se das Cincos Forças de Porter, evidenciou-se que o biogás apresentou vantagens financeiras em relação as fontes concorrentes atuais (cavaco de lenha, energia elétrica, diesel), e que, atualmente, não há evidências para novos entrantes neste mercado. Na Análise SWOT concluiu-se que as forças e oportunidades foram superiores às fraquezas e ameaças. Na análise de cenário foram consideradas três situações: cenário pessimista, provável e otimista. Na análise dos indicadores financeiros, concluiu-se que o projeto se apresentou inviável financeiramente nos quatro indicadores, principalmente, devido ao alto investimento. Numa segunda análise, considerando a possibilidade de subsídio de 50,0% pela Prefeitura Municipal de Itaipulândia, o projeto se apresentou viável financeiramente, com Payback de 14 anos e 6 meses; VPL de R$450.701,12; TIR de 11,9% e IL de 1,14. A justificativa para o subsídio foi baseada ganhos ambientais, devido a necessidade do tratamento dos dejetos de suínos, ganhos sociais, geração de renda, melhorias na qualidade de vida da sociedade local, bem como, servirá como exemplo de geração de energia sustentável para outras regiões do Brasil e outros países.
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Toledo, Julio Cesar Scaramuzzi de [UNESP]. "Viabilidade financeira da implantação do projeto de construção da estação de tratamento de esgotos - ETE - do Município de Lençóis Paulista - Estado de São Paulo". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136667.
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Esta dissertação tem como finalidade, apresentar e comparar dados quantitativos relativos à estação de tratamento de esgotos situada no interior de São Paulo, mais especificamente na cidade de Lençóis Paulista. A proposta do presente trabalho é apresentação de dados financeiros, particularmente retorno e risco do projeto. Dados esses que demonstram também o montante investido, e ainda, as receitas e despesas inerentes ao funcionamento do mesmo. Serão utilizados métodos de análise investimentos tradicionalmente conhecidos como valor presente líquido, taxa interna de retorno e prazo médio de retorno. Para o cálculo da probabilidade de risco do projeto, a distribuição normal será a ferramenta utilizada. É senso comum que um dos maiores fatores de degradação da qualidade da água é justamente a poluição resultante do lançamento dos esgotos sanitários coletados em corpos d'água, o que justifica a necessidade do tratamento desses esgotos, de modo a reduzir a carga poluidora antes de sua disposição final. Segundo dados do Governo Federal apenas 20,2% do esgoto sanitário coletado nos domicílios brasileiros recebem tratamento e só uma pequena parcela tem destinação final sanitariamente adequada no meio (IBGE, 2003). Desta forma, o presente estudo deste problema contemporâneo, demonstrou quantitativamente que a implantação de uma ETE é viável financeiramente, como demonstra os cálculos do valor presente líquido (VPL), taxa interna de retorno (TIR) e o prazo médio de retorno do investimento (payback). Esses métodos de avaliação de investimento foram sensibilizados com uma série que envolve a probabilidade de crescimento populacional, o que possibilitou calcular o risco do projeto, cujo percentual confirma a viabilidade do projeto, em razão do risco calculado ser muito baixo.
This dissertation has the purpose to present and compare quantitative data about waste treatment station, placed in Lençóis Paulista city, in the state of Sao Paulo. At first, this work had the intent to present financial and environmental data, however, the project not in operation, it showed only financial data. These data demonstrate the amount of money invested, as also, the revenues and expenses inherent of operation. This work used the traditional investment analysis method, like net present value, interested rate return and payback. To calculate the project risk probability, it was used normal distribution. The waste water collected is fundamental to guarantee the population's life quality. However, one of the major reason to quality's water degradation is the pollution resulted of throwing waste waters in creeks, rivers and others flow waters which justify the need to treat them, reducing the amount of pollution before their final disposal. According to Brazilian's Government statistics, only 20,2% of waste water from brazilian's homes receives proper treatment, and just a small quantity is returned in sanitary way to the environment. (IBGE, 2003). In such a way, this study esposes a contemporary problem, demonstrating quantitatively, that the implementation of ETE is financially viable, like demonstrated calculation of the net present value (NPV), internal interested rate (IRR), and payback. That investments methods evaluation was sensibility through an probability series about population growth, that make possible calculated the project risk, wich result confirm the viability of the project.
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Martins, Ana Cristina Rolo. "Plano de negócios para a comercialização e internacionalização de um produto nacional de tecnologias de informação portuário". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4313.
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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia IndustrialAs novas tecnologias introduzidas no sistema portuário provocaram profundas transformações no panorama do comércio mundial. Para executar funções com eficiência, as administrações portuárias estão a implementar os mais variados sistemas de gestão da informação com o objectivo de agilizar tanto o processo de documentação, quanto o processo da carga. O objectivo deste trabalho é propor um Plano de Negócios para comercialização e internacionalização de um software de informação portuário electrónico, desenvolvido em Portugal, assim como analisar a viabilidade financeira do mesmo. Além de apresentar a fundamentação teórica e prática necessária para a elaboração deste trabalho.
The new technologies introduced in the portuary system have caused deep changes in world trade panorama. To perform functions with efficiency, port authorities are implementing management information systems in order to both streamline the documentation process, as the charging process. The purpose of this paper is to propose a business plan for commercialization and internationalization of a port electronic information software, developed in Portugal, as well as analyze the financial viability of it. Besides presenting the theoretical and practical need for this work.
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Koehorst, Robin Russell. "The influence of phosphorous, copper, zinc and arbuscular mycorrhiza on growth, photosynthetic processes and financial viability of artemisia afra grown in a simulated marginial soil of the Western Cape". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2025.
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Thesis (MTech (Horticulture))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013.This study evaluated the effects of supplementary phosphorus, copper and zinc alone and in conjunction with arbuscular mycorrhiza on Artemisia afra grown in a simulated soil medium. The treatments consisted two groups. Group A had no mycorrhizal inoculation and 1) no supplementary fertilization, 2) supplementary zinc application, 3) supplementary copper 4) supplementary phosphorus 5) supplementary zinc and copper, 6) supplementary zinc and phosphorus, 7) supplementary copper and phosphorus, 8) supplementary zinc, copper, and phosphorus. Group B had mycorrhizal inoculation in combination with 9) no supplementary fertilization, 10) supplementary zinc application, 11) supplementary copper 12) supplementary phosphorus 13) supplementary zinc and copper, 14) supplementary zinc and phosphorus, 15) supplementary copper and phosphorus, 16) supplementary zinc, copper, and phosphorus. There was also a pilot study into the pH range most suitable for the cultivation of A. afra in a hydroponic system, which was used to refine the mycorrhizal investigation, as pH has influences with regards to nutrient uptake of plants.
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Todorof, Maria Borisof. "Viability of Derivatives in Radical Islam. A Comparative Assessment of the Technical and Shariah-Compliant Characteristics of the Main Islamic Financial Instruments: Contracts & Defaults in the Prospect of Revivalism". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668696.
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This work examines the prospective viability of derivatives and financial contracts more generally under a strict application of Shariah law. The author adopts a cross-disciplinary approach in order to convey the idea that some of the most popular contracts and arrangements in Islamic finance law are deficient from a structural and Shariah-compliance perspective. The thesis argues that the investor protection issues arising from this conclusion are sufficiently serious to undermine the viability of these instruments not only in a radical but also in a more conservative environment.
This conclusion is arrived at after an in-depth analysis of the fundamental Shariah principles, relevant to finance, placing them in a historical, jurisprudential and political context. The work endeavours to guide the reader through the many turns of Islamic law, breaking down established concepts and questioning their application in modern Islamic law.
For example, the author unpacks the notion of wa‘d (promise), arguing that its extensive use in Islamic contracts renders much of the resulting complex transactions deficient from a structural perspective.
Furthermore, this work highlights technical and Shariah-related weaknesses in essential contract forms, with a particular focus on murabaha.
Importantly, the author approaches the research question from the viewpoint of contracts – comparing constructs of Islamic Contract Law to those of its Common Law counterpart, without ignoring relevant influences and inspirations coming from the civil law tradition. The purpose of this comparison is to establish that some of the most popular financial arrangements, such as sukuk, are deficient in their investor protection provisions. What is more, the author underlines that due to the hybrid characteristics of the sukuk instrument and the lack of tailor-made regulation, investors are inadequately provisioned for the event of issuer‘s default.
Starting with the idea that the sukuk instrument is structured on the basis of and resembles a number of conventional instruments, the thesis examines the possibility for a sukuk investor to obtain redress under US and UK law, as well as the comparable provisions in Malaysia and France.
Alongside this, the author delves into the beginnings, inspirations, main strands and important political leaders of Islamic Revivalism. The aim of this inquiry is to arrive to a convincing explanation about the political and economic developments in established and aspired to Islamic States. To this end, this work offers a case study of Iran and ISIS, including an analysis of the Iranian Islamic finance system and a hypothesis about the possible approach of a jihadi-salafist government to the financial framework of their aspired to State.
As a last point, the work considers how FinTech fits within the objectives of Shariah law and more specifically, its risk-management and social justice strategies.
The thesis offers conclusions which draw on the extensive research and map out a possible view of the future of financial instruments in a radical Islamic environment.Aquest treball examina la viabilitat potencial de derivats i contractes financers més generalment sota una estricta aplicació de la llei de Sharia. L‘autor adopta un enfocament interdisciplinari per tal de transmetre la idea que alguns dels contractes i arranjaments més populars en la legislació financera islàmica són deficients des d‘una perspectiva estructural i de compliment de la xaria. La tesi argumenta que els problemes de protecció dels inversors derivats d‘aquesta conclusió són prou greus per minar la viabilitat d‘aquests instruments no només en un entorn radical, sinó també en un entorn més conservador. Aquesta conclusió s‘arriba després d‘una anàlisi en profunditat dels principis fonamentals de la Sharia, rellevants per al finançament, situant-los en un context històric, jurisprudencial i polític. L‘obra s‘esforça a guiar el lector per les múltiples voltes del dret islàmic, desglossant conceptes establerts i posant en dubte la seva aplicació en el dret islàmic modern. Per exemple, l‘autor desaconsella la noció de wa‘d (promesa), argumentant que el seu ús extensiu en contractes islàmics fa que gran part de les transaccions complexes resultants siguin deficients des d‘una perspectiva estructural. A més, aquest treball posa de manifest les debilitats tècniques i relacionades amb la Sharia en les formes de contracte essencials, amb una particular atenció a la murabaha. És important destacar que l‘autor aborda la qüestió de la investigació des del punt de vista dels contractes: comparant construccions de la llei de contractes islàmica amb les de la seva contrapartida de dret comú, sense obviar les influències i inspiracions rellevants que provenen de la tradició del dret civil. L‘objectiu d‘aquesta comparació és establir que algunes de les disposicions financeres més populars, com sukuk, són deficitàries en les seves disposicions de protecció dels inversors. A més, l‘autor subratlla que, a causa de les característiques híbrides de l‘instrument sukuk i la manca de regulació a mida, els inversors no es disposen de manera adequada en cas d‘impagament de l‘emissor. A partir de la idea que l'instrument sukuk està estructurat a partir i s'assembla a diversos instruments convencionals, la tesi examina la possibilitat que un inversor sukuk obtingui redreçament segons la legislació nord-americana i del Regne Unit, així com les disposicions comparables a Malàisia i França. . Paral·lelament, l‘autor aprofundeix en els inicis, les inspiracions, les principals línies i importants líders polítics del revivalisme islàmic. L‘objectiu d‘aquesta investigació és arribar a una explicació convincent sobre els desenvolupaments polítics i econòmics dels Estats islàmics establerts i aspirants. Amb aquesta finalitat, aquest treball ofereix un estudi de cas d‘Iran i ISIS, incloent-hi una anàlisi del sistema financer islàmic iranià i una hipòtesi sobre el possible enfocament d‘un govern jihadi-salafista al marc financer dels seus aspirants a l‘Estat. Com a últim punt, el treball planteja com FinTech s‘encaixa dins dels objectius de la llei de Sharia i, més concretament, de les seves estratègies de gestió de riscos i de justícia social. La tesi ofereix conclusions que s‘extreuen en les àmplies investigacions i mostren una possible visió del futur dels instruments financers en un entorn islàmic radical.
Este trabajo examina la viabilidad prospectiva de derivados y contratos financieros de manera más general bajo una estricta aplicación de la ley Shariah. El autor adopta un enfoque interdisciplinario para transmitir la idea de que algunos de los contratos y arreglos más populares en la ley de finanzas islámica son deficientes desde una perspectiva estructural y de cumplimiento de la Shariah. La tesis argumenta que los problemas de protección de los inversores derivados de esta conclusión son lo suficientemente graves como para socavar la viabilidad de estos instrumentos no solo en un entorno radical sino también en un entorno más conservador. Se llega a esta conclusión después de un análisis en profundidad de los principios fundamentales de la Shariah, relevantes para las finanzas, colocándolos en un contexto histórico, jurisprudencial y político. El trabajo intenta guiar al lector a través de los muchos giros de la ley islámica, desglosando los conceptos establecidos y cuestionando su aplicación en la ley islámica moderna. Por ejemplo, el autor desempaqueta la noción de wa‘d (promesa), argumentando que su uso extensivo en los contratos islámicos hace que muchas de las transacciones complejas resultantes sean deficientes desde una perspectiva estructural. Además, este trabajo resalta las debilidades técnicas y relacionadas con la Shariah en las formas de contrato esenciales, con un enfoque particular en murabaha. Es importante destacar que el autor aborda la cuestión de la investigación desde el punto de vista de los contratos, comparando las construcciones del derecho contractual islámico con las de su contraparte del derecho consuetudinario, sin ignorar las influencias e inspiraciones relevantes que provienen de la tradición del derecho civil. El propósito de esta comparación es establecer que algunos de los arreglos financieros más populares, como el sukuk, son deficientes en sus disposiciones de protección al inversionista. Además, el autor subraya que debido a las características híbridas del instrumento sukuk y la falta de una regulación a medida, los inversores no cuentan con una provisión adecuada para el caso de incumplimiento del emisor. Comenzando con la idea de que el instrumento sukuk está estructurado en base a una serie de instrumentos convencionales y se asemeja a él, la tesis examina la posibilidad de que un inversor sukuk obtenga una reparación bajo las leyes de EE. UU. Y el Reino Unido, así como las disposiciones comparables en Malasia y Francia . Junto a esto, el autor profundiza en los comienzos, inspiraciones, líneas principales e importantes líderes políticos del revivalismo islámico. El objetivo de esta investigación es llegar a una explicación convincente sobre los desarrollos políticos y económicos en los Estados islámicos establecidos y aspirantes. Con este fin, este trabajo ofrece un estudio de caso de Irán e ISIS, que incluye un análisis del sistema financiero islámico iraní y una hipótesis sobre el posible enfoque de un gobierno yihadista- salafista al marco financiero de sus aspirantes al Estado. Como último punto, el trabajo considera cómo FinTech se ajusta a los objetivos de la ley islámica y, más específicamente, a sus estrategias de gestión de riesgos y justicia social. La tesis ofrece conclusiones que se basan en la extensa investigación y trazan una posible visión del futuro de los instrumentos financieros en un entorno islámico radical.
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Booth, Michael Stephen. "In the bank or on the ground : an examination of financial reserves in Australian international aid organisations". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/54669/1/Michael_Booth_Thesis.pdf.
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This study contributes to the understanding of the contribution of financial reserves to sustaining nonprofit organisations. Recognising the limited recent Australian research in the area of nonprofit financial vulnerability, it specifically examines financial reserves held by signatories to the Code of Conduct of the Australian Council for International Development (ACFID) for the years 2006 to 2010. As this period includes the Global Financial Crisis, it presents a unique opportunity to observe the role of savings in a period of heightened financial threats to sustainability.
The need for nonprofit entities to maintain reserves, while appearing intuitively evident, is neither unanimously accepted nor supported by established theoretic constructs. Some early frameworks attempt to explain the savings behaviour of nonprofit organisations and its role in organisational sustainability. Where researchers have considered the issue, its treatment has usually been either purely descriptive or alternatively, peripheral to a broader attempt to predict financial vulnerability.
Given the importance of nonprofit entities to civil society, the sustainability of these organisations during times of economic contraction, such as the recent Global Financial Crisis, is a significant issue. Widespread failure of nonprofits, or even the perception of failure, will directly affect, not only those individuals who access their public goods and services, but would also have impacts on public confidence in both government and the sectors’ ability to manage and achieve their purpose. This study attempts to ‘shine a light’ on the paradox inherent in considering nonprofit savings. On the one hand, a public prevailing view is that nonprofit organisations should not hoard and indeed, should spend all of their funds on the direct achievement of their purposes. Against this, is the commonsense need for a financial buffer if only to allow for the day to day contingencies of pay rises and cost increases. At the entity level, the extent of reserves accumulated (or not) is an important consideration for Management Boards. The general public are also interested in knowing the level of funds held by nonprofits as a measure of both their commitment to purpose and as an indicator of their effectiveness. There is a need to communicate the level and prevalence of reserve holdings, balancing the prudent hedging of uncertainty against a sense of resource hoarding in the mind of donors. Finally, funders (especially governments) are interested in knowing the appropriate level of reserves to facilitate the ongoing sustainability of the sector. This is particularly so where organisations are involved in the provision of essential public goods and services.
At a scholarly level, the study seeks to provide a rationale for this behaviour within the context of appropriate theory. At a practical level, the study seeks to give an indication of the drivers for savings, the actual levels of reserves held within the sector studied, as well as an indication as to whether the presence of reserves did mitigate the effects of financial turmoil during the Global Financial Crisis. The argument is not whether there is a need to ensure sustainability of nonprofits, but rather how it is to be done and whether the holding of reserves (net assets) is an essential element is achieving this. While the study offers no simple answers, it does appear that the organisations studied present as two groups, the ‘savers’ who build reserves and keep ‘money in the bank’ and ‘spender-delivers’ who put their resources ‘on the ground’. To progress an understanding of this dichotomy, the study suggests a need to move from its current approach to one which needs to more closely explore accounts based empirical donor attitude and nonprofit Management Board strategy.
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Lien, Oskarsson Mathias. "Systemic risks with Contingent Convertible Bonds : A simulated study in systemic risks of triggering CoCos in a stressed European banking system". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-376566.
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Ever since the great financial crisis of 2008 regulators have pushed toward more resilient banks, resulting in more demanding regulation and an increase of regulator’s insight and power. Through the revision of the BASEL framework, Contingent Convertible Bonds were introduced in 2010 as a part of regulatory capital and has since then grown increasingly popular. However, these instruments have never been tested in a stressed European financial system. Hence, there is no genuine information of how these instruments would behave. Neither have there been any published efforts in testing this through simulation, to the best of my knowledge. Using a temporally disaggregated augmentation of the EBA 2016 stress test, I simulate how the financial system would be affected by triggering the CoCos. Studying the implications of both low and high trigger instruments. Results indicate that there are low risks for a systemic fallout and showcases some notable differences as a result of CoCo design and type of trigger.
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Caldas, Raimunda Aurineide Lemos. "AnÃlise de viabilidade econÃmica e Financeira de empreendimentos no setor da construÃÃo civil â estudo de caso de uma empresa de mÃdio porte no estado do cearÃ". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2004. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1900.
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nÃo hÃOs empreendimentos do setor da ConstruÃÃo Civil, na maioria das vezes, sÃo de longo prazo de maturaÃÃo, o que provoca a necessidade de promover ajustes nos mÃtodos mais tradicionais da anÃlise econÃmica e financeira de viabilidade destes empreendimentos. Na anÃlise de viabilidade de empreendimentos, o planejador deve ser capaz de oferecer informaÃÃes a partir de modelos de simulaÃÃo, que sejam capazes de dar suporte à decisÃo de empreender. Os modelos de uso mais extensivo sÃo os que trabalham com anÃlise do potencial dos empreendimentos em alcanÃar o poder de compra dos investimentos. Neste trabalho busca-se demonstrar a viabilidade de um empreendimento, utilizando um estudo de caso, atravÃs de simulaÃÃo de cenÃrios em que ilustra-se [i] a velocidade da recuperaÃÃo da capacidade de investimento do empreendedor, oferecida pelo empreendimento e [ii] o valor atual lÃquido e a taxa interna de retorno do empreendimento levando em conta a arbitragem de cenÃrios de reinvestimento do fluxo de retorno do empreendimento no horizonte do ciclo operacional. Assim, realizou-se uma pesquisa de natureza exploratÃria, a fim de se obter os elementos suficientes para alcanÃar os objetivos estabelecidos. A pesquisa compreendeu um estudo de caso de um fluxo de caixa projetado para um empreendimento em fase de elaboraÃÃo de uma empresa de mÃdio porte do setor da construÃÃo civil no estado do CearÃ. Verificou-se, atravÃs deste fluxo de caixa, as projeÃÃes dos custos e das receitas e como foram elaboradas. A partir dessas observaÃÃes elaborou-se cenÃrios de simulaÃÃo dessas projeÃÃes. Acredita-se que estas simulaÃÃes poderÃo transformar-se numa importante fonte de informaÃÃes para os empreendedores do setor da construÃÃo civil.
The enterprises of the sector of the civil architecture are usually long-dated of maturation, that provokes the necessity to promote adjustments in the most traditional methods of the economic and financial analysis of viability of these enterprises. In the analysis of viability of enterprises, the planner must be able to offer information from simulation models on that be capable to give support to the decision of undertake. The most extensive use models are the ones that work with analysis of the potential of the enterprises in reaching the power of purchase of the investments. In this work one tries to demonstrate the viability of an enterprise, using a case study, through simulation of scenes where it is illustrated [i] the speed of the recovery of the capacity of investment from the enterprises, offered by the enterprise and [ii] the current net worth and the internal rate of return of the enterprise taking into account the arbitration of the reinvestment scenes of the return flow of the enterprise in the range of perception of the operational cycle. Thus, a research of exploratory nature was become fulfilled, in order to get elements enough to reach the established objectives. The research understood a case study of a cash flow projected for an enterprise in phase of elaboration of an average capacity company of the sector of civil architecture in the state of the CearÃ. It was verified, through this cash flow, the projections of the costs and peearnings and how they had been elaborated. From these comments on one elaborated scenes of simulation of these projections. One believes that these simulations will be able to be changed into an important source of information for the enterprises of the civil architecture.
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Freitas, Jaruzelski Dias Vaz de. "Plano de negócio da CEPIBA - Cooperativa de Exportação de Pimentas e Baunilha". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/31219.
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O presente trabalho de projeto, tem como objetivo a elaboração do plano de negócio para a
Cooperativa de Exportação de Pimenta e Baunilha (CEPIBA), para análise do investimento
num sistema de irrigação com vista a um aumento considerável da produtividade das
plantas.
A metodologia utilizada seguiu uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa baseada, por um
lado, na revisão bibliográfica, conversas com agricultores, gestores, técnicos, clientes, por
outro lado, foram consultados, estudos já feitos pela cooperativa, sites da internet, boletins
económicos e leis de São Tomé e Príncipe.
Com o presente plano de negócios, pode-se concluir que a viabilidade do projeto será
assegurada com um Valor Actual Líquido (VAL) positivo e com uma Taxa Interna de
Rentabilidade (TIR) superior à taxa de atualização e um período de recuperação do
investimento de aproximadamente 3 anos; Business Plan of CEPIBA- Pepper and Vanilla Export Cooperative
Abstract:
This project work aims to develop a business plan for the Pepper and Vanilla Export
Cooperative (CEPIBA), to analyze the investment in an irrigation system with a view to a
considerable increase in plant productivity.
The methodology used followed a qualitative and quantitative approach based, on the one
hand, on the bibliographic review, conversations with farmers, managers, technicians,
customers, on the other hand, studies already carried out by the cooperative, internet sites,
economic bulletins and laws were consulted. of São Tomé and Principe.
With the present business plan, it can be concluded that the viability of the project will be
ensured with a positive Net Present Value (NPV) and with an Internal Rate of Return
(IRR) higher than the discount rate and a pay-back period of approximately 3 years.
50
NARDELLI, Paula Moreira. "An?lise de um projeto agroindustrial utilizando a Teoria de Op??es Reais". Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/1027.
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Previous issue date: 2009-03-13The main objective of this work is to analyze the economical and financial feasibility of an agribusiness projects using the Real Options Theory. The text presents a review of the traditional methods generally applied to project evaluation, presenting its problems, restrictions and limitations. It also presents the Real Options Theory considering its main purposes, concepts, and its ability to quantify the flexibility present in investment projects, that leaved this theory to be alternatively used as an important tool to investment analysis. Institutions generally use traditional methods of project analysis, namely Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Besides that, the real efficiency of these methods is nowadays being questioned, as the application of these methodologies could leave to bad investment decisions. The main reason is that these methods ignore two important characteristics: a) irreversibility b) the possibility to postponing the investing decision. These particularities, as well as the uncertainty about the future among other similarities allows the investment opportunity to be in many aspects considered analogous to a financial option. A company that has an irreversible investment opportunity takes an option, that is, it has the right - but not the obligation - to buy an asset (the project) in the future paying the current price (the investing). In order to apply these concepts, this work presents a case study that is an agribusiness project to fruit processing that produces dehydrated fruits, pulps, juices, jams and candies as its final products. The evaluation aims to demonstrate the value of operational flexibilities presented by this project, such as delaying the project implementation. These flexibilities will be evaluated using the theory of Real Options in discrete time, adopting the methodology proposed by Copeland & Antikarov (2001), which adds the Real Options of the project to the standard discounted cash flow method. The achieved results using the Expanded Net Present Value (ENPV), considering the real options, in the fourth year, was R$ 891.877 million, an increase of 207% over the traditional Net Present Value (NPV).
O objetivo geral desta disserta??o consiste em analisar a viabilidade econ?mico-financeira de um projeto agroindustrial, atrav?s da Teoria de Op??es Reais (TOR). Fez-se uma revis?o sobre os m?todos tradicionais de avalia??o de projetos; sobre os problemas, restri??es e limita??es ao seu uso; e sobre a Teoria de Op??es Reais, seus principais usos, conceitos, e sua habilidade em quantificar a flexibilidade presente nos projetos de investimento, que a tem tornado uma alternativa no processo de an?lise de investimentos. As institui??es usam, em geral, m?todos tradicionais de an?lise de projetos (VPL e TIR). A efici?ncia desses m?todos vem sendo fortemente questionada, a sua aplica??o pode induzir a decis?es de investimentos equivocadas. A raz?o ? que eles ignoram duas caracter?sticas importantes dessas decis?es: a) a irreversibilidade e b) a possibilidade de adiamento da decis?o de investir. Essas caracter?sticas, juntamente com a incerteza sobre o futuro, fazem com que a oportunidade de investimento seja an?loga a uma op??o financeira. Uma empresa com uma oportunidade de investimento irrevers?vel assume uma op??o, ou seja, tem o direito - mas n?o a obriga??o - de comprar um ativo (o projeto) no futuro, a um pre?o de exerc?cio (o investimento). Com o intuito de aplicar estes conceitos, ser? realizado um estudo de caso, que consiste em um projeto agroindustrial de processamento de frutas, no qual se pretende produzir sucos, polpas, gel?ias, doces e frutas desidratadas. A avalia??o pretende demonstrar o valor das flexibilidades operacionais que esse projeto apresenta, como adiar a implementa??o do projeto. Essas flexibilidades ser?o avaliadas com a utiliza??o da teoria das Op??es Reais em tempo discreto. Para isso, adotou-se a metodologia proposta por Copeland & Antikarov (2001), a qual adiciona ? avalia??o tradicional de Fluxo de Caixa Descontado as Op??es Reais que o projeto possui. O resultado obtido para o valor presente l?quido expandido do projeto, considerando as op??es reais, no quarto ano, foi de R$ 891.877 mil, um aumento de 207% em rela??o ao valor presente tradicional.