Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Financial statement audit (Malaysia)”

This study examine the dimensions of fraud pentagon to explain this effect on the financial statement fraud. The fraud pentagon theory shows five elements can affect financial statement fraud, the element of pressure, the element of opportunity, the element of rationalization, the element of competence, and the element of arrogance. The variables of fraud pentagon are proxied by the leverage ratio, nature of industry, audit opinion, changes in the board of directors, and dualism position. The detection of financial statement fraud in this research uses the f-score model. The data used is secondary data obtained from company annual reports and company financial reports in the property and real estate sector in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore for the period 2018-2019. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression analysis. The test result showed that leverage ratio, nature of industry, and dualism position had a negative effect on the prediction of financial statemen fraud, while audit opinion and changes in the board of directors had no effect on the prediction of financial statement fraud.

Audit committees are one of Corporate Governance (CG) mechanisms which are the significant factor in improving its role in inhibiting financial statement fraud (Choi, Jeon & Park, 2004; Habbash, 2010; Soliman & Ragab, 2014). Quality of the Financial Statement emphasised as being in compliance with accounting standards accepted in general, the disclosure scale, and reported numbers although this is not merely a task for the IFRS (Cascino & Gassen, 2010). In recent years, the issue of IFRS adoption in developed and developing countries have been a great deal of attention from many researchers. However, regarding the relationship between the Audit Committee and Quality of Financial Statement with IFRS requirements is still questioning. In fact, the results obtained from some previous researches are inconsistent. Therefore, the objectives in this study are aims to investigate whether post the mandatory IFRS adoption in Malaysia would limit earnings management practice in highlights of governance monitoring on the quality of financial reporting in this environment. This paper gives some evidence: 1) The effect of pre- and post IFRS adoption in Malaysia in the relationship between the Audit Committee and earnings management adoption. 2) examine the differences of the level earnings management on two periods of IFRS adoption in Malaysia. Quality of Financial statement in this study was measured by the level of earnings management with discretional accrual (DA) proxy. The audit committee variable measured by Audit Committee Independence (ACIND), Audit Committee Financial Expertise (ACFEX), Audit Committee Meeting (ACMEET), Audit Committee Size (ACSIZE) and control variable in this study using Board Size (BRDSIZE) and Firm Leverage (FRMLEV). The sample of this study including the two main time periods, there are pre-IFRS adoption and post-IFRS adoption. Using 81 listed companies in Malaysia as a sample, with 567 observations is analysed from 2009 to 2015 (7 years observations) with purposive judgement sampling selection. For seven years, a total of 567 observations is analysed. The pre- IFRS adoption period was tested from 2009 through 2011, and the post-IFRS adoption was tested from 2012 through the end of 2015. The findings in this study with multiplied regression analysis revealed that the hypothesis test in a period of pre- and post IFRS adoption ACFEX and FIRMLEV statistically were significance at 5% level. It means that Audit Committee Financial Expertise (ACFEX) have a significant effect on earnings management practise. According to the result found in the post IFRS adoption period, Audit Committee Meeting (ACMEET) is significant. It means that the frequency of audit committee meetings could be decreasing the level of discretionary accrual. The evidence also unveils both of ACIND and ACSIZE at 5 % level p-value is not significant. The most important result finding on pre- and post period of IFRS adoption in Malaysia provide evidence that based on the statistically significant was upward or the relation more significantly. However, this study also reported with paired sampled test analysis there was no significant difference between the level of earnings management in pre- and post period the adoption of IFRS in Malaysia at 5% level significance. An important contribution this study has the impact on practices and has implications useful for regulators. The study provides empirical evidence that a relationship between the audit committee and earnings management in the case of IFRS adoption. In contributing to the strength of governance quality and FRQ need to be revisited, especially after mandatory IFRS adoption. Though the audit committee and audit quality are implicitly mentioned in the CG act, it is recommended that formulates specific rules relating to the quality of Financial Reporting. In this regard, it is suggested that company reports would be presented high quality in financial reporting to provide appropriate responses to recommendations made in the reports. Finally, these findings suggest that CG practices in Malaysian that have its own peculiar characteristics compared to other emerging economies.

This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of senior managers of Malaysian publicly listed companies on issues relating to audit committee authority and effectiveness. Questionnaire survey technique was employed to seek the respondents perceptions on five issues, namely audit committee appoints the auditor, audit committee determines and reviews audit fees, audit committee determines and reviews the auditor’s scope and duties, and audit committee’s reports and meetings. The majority of respondents agreed that auditor would be more effective and independent if audit committee assumed the responsibility to appoint the auditor, determine and review the audit fees, and determine and review the external auditor’s scope and duties. It is also found that disclosure of audit committee report and quarterly meeting would enhance the perceptions of users of financial statement concerning the effectiveness of the committee.

Financial reporting is essential for the publicly listed companies as most of the company's stakeholder depended on the financial statement to make a business decision. Although many initiatives have implemented by relevant authorities to enhance financial reporting standards to overcome the fraudulent financial reporting (FFR). However, the issues still happening, for example, cases such as 1MBD, Lembaga Tabung Haji (LTH), Wirecard AG and British Home Stores (BHS). The paper aimed to investigate the impact of corporate governance (CG) attributes, namely audit committee size, board independence, multiple directorships, board size and non-audit services on FFR. This study is categorised as a crosssectional analysis, using a quantitative approach to gain an overview of fraudulent financial reporting. A total of 260 listed companies selected from Bursa Malaysia and the data was analysis used PLS-SEM. The findings revealed that the multiple directorships and non-audit service impact significantly related to FFR. This study made practical implications by helping the regulators, and accounting experts develop principles that help companies comply with financial reporting regulation. Accurately report the financials statement enhances stakeholder's knowledge in the decision-making process.

Purpose This study aims to examine the relationship between the presence of a Malay director on the board and financial statement fraud in Malaysia. Further, the authors investigate whether financial statement fraud firms improve their governance mechanisms compared to non-fraud firms subsequent to the fraud year. Design/methodology/approach The authors use hand-collected data comprising 76 financial statement fraud and 76 non-fraud firms over a period of eight years from 2001 to 2008. Findings Using a univariate and logistic regression model, the results demonstrate a significant positive relationship between the proportion of Malay directors on the board and the financial statement fraud. The authors also find that fraud firms significantly increase the proportion of independent directors on their boards, increase the frequency of board and audit committee meetings and reduce duality subsequent to the detection of financial statement fraud compared to the non-fraud firms. Originality/value The findings of the study are useful to policy-makers, regulators, firms and investors.

Auditors play a key role in contributing to the credibility of the financial statements on which they are reporting. High-quality audits support financial stability. The responsibility for performing quality audits of financial statements rests with the auditors. However, audit quality is best achieved in an environment where there is support from and appropriate interactions among participants in the financial reporting supply chain. Most prior studies look into audit quality from the perspective of private sector however this study focus on the quality of public sector auditing in Malaysia. There are three independent variables being investigated in this study that are the auditor’s independence, auditor’s competency and auditor’s workload. Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires to 114 samples of auditors involved in public sector audit in Malaysia. The data were analysed using correlation test and regression test. The findings of this study show that there are positively significant relationship between auditor’s independence and auditor’s competency on audit quality. The results revealed that auditor’s competency is the most significant factor affecting the audit quality in public sector audit. However, results show that auditor’s workload has a negative and insignificant impact on audit quality. Hence, this study recommends that the audit departments to strengthen the audit quality and could improve the quality of the financial reporting in the public sector. In addition, auditor’s competency should be enhanced among the auditors in public sector to ensure high quality of audit work performed. Future studies should explore other variables such as client satisfaction, auditor switching and auditor’s turnover in public sector auditing.

In 2015, the International Standard on Auditing has been revised by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) which aims to increase communication quality and information value on the audit reports by using key audit matters (KAM) disclosure. This is because the traditional audit reports provided information asymmetry between corporations and users of financial statement especially investors as well as poor communication quality. Therefore, to reduce information asymmetry between the corporations and investors, this study mainly aims to test whether there is any relationship between KAM disclosure and stock reaction in ASEAN countries represented by Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore. However, the results of relationship between KAM disclosures and stock reaction from the previous related studies were mixed. For example, Fellnäs et. al. (2015) and Srijunpetch (2017) found that the new audit reports increased firm value and stock reaction. It is because the new audit reports provide quality of communication from auditor's work on the confidence of financial statement users. Moreover, it also helps to reduce the audit expectation gap. On the other hand, Altawalbeh and Alhajaya (2019) found no relationship between KAM disclosure and stock price because the auditors do not report KAM for improving communication quality, but they do because of the regulation. Keywords: Auditor Report's, Key Audit Matters Disclosure, Stock Reaction, Stock Price, Stock Volume

Fraud is an important issue in many countries such as in the United States, United Kingdom, including of Malaysia. Malaysian Approved Auditing Standards, AI 240 “Fraud and Error” was established to provide guidance on the auditor’s responsibility to consider fraud and error during the audit of financial statements. The auditors are required to appropriately assess fraud risk during the planning of the audit work so that they can provide reasonable assurance that any material misstatement in the financial statements has been detected. If the external auditors are not able to detect fraud, this may expose them to litigation. The present study aims to examine whether risk attitude has an effect on the external auditors’ ability to detect the likelihood of fraud. An experimental approach is adopted by sending case materials to audit partners and audit managers attached to auditing firms operating in Malaysia. The result shows that means difference exists on the ability to detect the likelihood of fraud between the external auditors who are risk averse and those who are risk taker.

The current research studies the usefulness of Cressey’s fraud risk factor framework adopted from SAS No. 99 to prevent fraud from occurring. In accordance with Cressey’s theory, pressure, opportunity and rationalization are existing when fraud occurs. The study suggests variables as proxy measures for pressure and opportunity, and test these variables using publicly available information relating to a set of fraud firms and a sample of no-fraud firms. Two pressure proxies and two opportunity proxies are identified and suggested to be significantly related to financial statement fraud. We find that leverage and sale to account receivable are positively related to the likelihood of fraud. Audit committee size and board of directors’ size are also linked to decrease the level of financial statement fraud. A binary logistic model based on examples of fraud risk factors of fraud triangle model measures the likelihood of financial statement fraud and can assist experts.

Abstract- The purpose of this study to examine how agency theory plays a role in determining the factors that affect audit report lag. The difference in outcomes on factors affecting audit report lag in Indonesia and in Malaysia can be due to differences in corporate culture, economic environment, and existing regulations. The test is empirically focused on corporate governance, profitability, firm size and complexity for audit report lag both in Indonesia and Malay. The test uses multiple linear regression method with purposive sampling technique at 308 companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange and 361 companies at Bursa Malaysia for the period of 2015. Test results show that profitability called profit or loss of company is the main reason company to immediately publish its financial statement, thus reducing the occurrence of audit report lag. While other factors show different results in both countries. Especially for capital market authorities in Indonesia, it is necessary to consider efforts to improve the timeliness of financial reporting in Indonesia in order to improve the quality of the capital market in order to compete with other developing countries in the ASEAN region. Keywords: agency theory, audit report lag, corporate governance

The national accounting standards set by the Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB) is largely converged with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The benefit arising from this is to enable foreign investors to analyse their investments via a standardised financial reporting system in Malaysia. Financial reporting disclosure quality by the listed firms in the consumer product and service sector on Bursa Malaysia is an essential feature in the firms’ financial reporting to the public. This research evaluates the development of financial reporting disclosure quality assurance by firms listed on Bursa Malaysia, by examining financial reporting disclosure quality and subsequent compliance with the International Financial Reporting Standards. This study uses a content analysis approach to identify a financial reporting standard compliance disclosure index, based the financial statements issued by firms listed on Bursa Malaysia from 2008 – 2016. A panel regression model is utilised to construct a model of financial reporting disclosure quality of the firm, based the extent of compliance with IFRS disclosure requirements from the following perspectives: corporate governance practice, audit quality and corporate social responsibility. The sustainability of financial reporting disclosure quality by the listed firms and subsequently the Malaysian capital markets will enable the same to attain a competitive edge in the international markets. In addition, this study will discuss financial reporting disclosure quality implications relevant to the policy makers in Bursa Malaysia, and it is envisaged that such model can be utilised in the improvement of future financial reporting policies.

Fraudulent financial statements (FFS) are now placed under greater public scrutiny following an increase in the number of collapses among companies due to management fraud with loses on average at 5% of revenue (ACFE, 2014). There is consensus that management fraud is an on-going reality and no single organization is immune from the damage caused by the fraudsters (KPMG Malaysia, 2009). Small and medium sized businesses are also threatened by fraudulent activities and statistics showed organizations with fewer than 100 employees experienced more fraud cases than larger corporations (ACFE, 2008). Most of the companies in the automotive industry in Malaysia are small and medium scaled, hence these companies bear a greater burden and face higher risks of fraud. Precautionary measures in preventing fraud are crucial; however, with limited resources, effective detection may be severely curtailed. This paper assesses the possibility of FFS in a small medium automotive company in Malaysia using three statistical analyses namely the Beneish model, Altman Z-Score and Financial Ratio. The findings show that there are riskier zones that need to be further investigated by the management. It is suggested for the company to establish an internal audit unit to provide assurance on the companys operations, financial reporting accuracy and adherence to the regulations.

This study aims to analyze factors influence Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure in palm oil plantation companies in Indonesia and Malaysia. This study analyzes influences of total assets, profitability, leverage, independent proportion of commissioners, the proportion of independent audit committee. This study is conduct on financial reports published in Indonesia and Malaysia. Methods of data collection are taken from the annual financial statements in Indonesia Stock Exchange of 17 companies and Bursa Malaysia of 22 companies. Data analysis techniques used multiple regressions. The results showed that; 1) there is no influence of total asset, profitability, leverage, and proportion of independent audit committee in palm oil plantation companies in Indonesia and Malaysia; 2) there is influence of independent board of commissioner on CSR disclosure practices in palm oil plantation companies Indonesia and Malaysia

Abstract: This study aims to examine the effect of audit quality on tax avoidance. It further examines whether an independent board of commissioners and the audit committee's expertise affect the relationship between audit quality and tax avoidance. The study observed manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and the Malaysia Stock Exchange in 2018. Tax avoidance is measured by abnormal book-tax difference, while audit quality is proxied by Big Four-accounting firm and the audit tenure. The test results show that Big Four firms lower the tax avoidance level done by corporations, but not audit tenure. Furthermore, results also show that the audit committee's financial background weakens the relationship between audit quality and tax avoidance, but not an independent board of commissioners. The results are consistently found in both countries examined. The accounting firm that audits the company's financial statements gives an impact on the displayed actual company value, but not with audit committee's expertise which ineffective in carrying out its supervisory function without an understanding of the company's operational and business activities; thus the diversity of audit committee backgrounds is still needed. Furthermore, regulators should consider adopting a policy related to the estimated useful life of assets to minimise the gaps between accounting regulations and tax regulations

This paper discusses issues concerning audit committee characteristics that lead to the occurrence of financial restatements in Malaysian public listed companies (PLCs). The audit committee characteristics were measured using size, independence, frequency of meetings, audit tenure, gender, expertise, age, ethnicity, legal qualifications, and political connections. The data in this study were extracted from the annual reports of 100 firms that had restated their financial statement between 2006 and 2015, and a total of 200 non-restatement firms were matched and observed as control firms. Using univariate and multivariate statistical analysis, the results evince that there is a significant association between audit committee size and frequency of meetings as well as ethnicity and political connections of the audit committee members and the occurrence of financial restatements in Malaysian PLCs. However, the remaining audit committee characteristics show insignificant association with the occurrence of financial restatements. Consistent with Wan Mohammad, Wasiuzzaman, and Nik Salleh (2016), the results show that larger and more rigorous audit committees can strengthen the monitoring role and consequently reduce the occurrence of financial restatements. In addition, the results evince that Malay members in the audit committee have widespread political connections, which negatively affect the decisions by the audit committee, thereby increasing the occurrence of financial restatements.

This paper reports on the early first cohort of Audit Reports issued by external auditors in response to the requirement of ISA 701, Communication of Key Audit Matters (KAM) in the Auditor’s Report, which became effective for audits of financial statements on or after 15 December 2016. Based on 15 Audit Reports of financial statements for year ending 31 December 2016 available in early 2017, this paper reports that only one out of 15 had a disclaimer and no KAM reported for the audit as ISA 701 specifies that no KAM should be reported following a disclaimer. The other fourteen audit reports were all clean reports with the number of KAMs reported ranging from one to five. The highest most significant audit matter reported was revenue recognition and inventory valuation followed by asset impairments of both tangible and intangible assets. Justifications by auditors of matters considered most significant ranged from no additional information (it is most significant because it is material) to articulate explicit link with business model and industry specific factors thus compliance with disclosure of KAM may be compliance de jour rather than compliance de facto. Despite the additional requirement to disclose KAM, this study finds no evidence of audit delays. All KAMs disclosed are elaborations of and related to a client’s significant accounting policies choice. From KAM disclosures, readers of audit reports now are informed of the audit risk areas where estimates were made and judgments prevailed challenging auditors to exercise greater skepticism. This preliminary finding provides pointers for greater research into the cost benefits and communicative value of KAM disclosure in the Audit Reports of Listed companies in Malaysia.

This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of senior managers of Malaysian publicly listed companies on issues relating to audit committee authority and effectiveness. Questionnaire survey technique was employed to seek the respondents perceptions on seven issues, namely audit committee appoints the auditor, audit committee determines and reviews audit fees, audit committee determines and reviews the auditor’s scope and duties, and audit committee’s reports, meetings, charter and roles. The majority of respondents agreed that auditor would be more effective and independent if audit committee assumed the responsibility to appoint the auditor, determine and review the audit fees, and determine and review the external auditor’s scope and duties. It is also found that disclosure of audit committee report, quarterly meeting and disclosure charter in annual report would enhance the perceptions of users of financial statement concerning the effectiveness of the committee.

In accordance with ISA 240, it is the responsibility of external auditors to obtain reasonable assurance that financial statements are free from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. Recently, the auditing profession in Malaysia has been significantly challenged by the explosion of fraud cases and by auditors’ failure to determine the “true and fair view” of the financial statement. This incident has tarnished the reputation of the audit profession. The effectiveness of the external auditor function, especially when related to fraud risk assessment, is commonly called into question. Hence, this study aims to assess individual factors (personality traits, digital technology skills, and competency) that may contribute to the effectiveness of fraud risk assessment among external auditors. A total of 455 questionnaires were distributed to external auditors, and a total of 150 (32.96%) responses were received. Data were thoroughly analyzed using Smart-PLS 4.0. This study found that digital technology skills contribute to the effectiveness of fraud risk assessment, whereas personality traits and competency do not. The findings implied that an effective technique of fraud risk assessment among external auditors requires digital technology skills. This study contributes to the literature by confirming the critical role of digital technology skills in enhancing the effectiveness of fraud risk assessments.

Conservatism is the precautionary principle in uncertainty. There are many cases of accounting frauds occurred due to lack of conservatism implementation resulting financial statements are overstated. This study aims to analyze the affect of firm size, leverage, institutional ownership and audit committee to the implementation of conservatism in the insurance companies listed on Bursa Efek Indonesia, Bursa Malaysia and Singapore Stock Exchange. In this study, conservatism measured by market to book ratio. Used as sample of 11 companies. The analytical method used in this research is multiple regression. The results of this study are firm size and audit committee positively affect the implementation of conservatism. On the other hand, leverage and institutional ownership negatively affect the implementation of conservatism. Keywords: conservatism, firm size, leverage, institutional ownership, audit committee

Purpose The existence of internal control for Sharīʿah-compliance promotes reasonable assurance that the Islamic financial institution’s (IFI’s) objectives are achieved in the following categories, namely, the effectiveness and efficiency of operations, the reliability of financial reporting and the level of compliance with applicable laws and regulations, as well as accounting and auditing standards. Sharīʿah non-compliant income (SNCI) is an important issue in IFIs’ operations. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to identify issues related to governance and internal control of SNCI in selected IFIs in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach This research uses a case study approach to gather data on the measures of governance and risk management in relation to the internal control for SNCI in IFIs. Interviews were conducted with officers of the Sharīʿah and internal audit departments on internal control practices regarding SNCI. Findings Regulator’s guidelines on SNCI are simple and brief, lacking rigour in terms of governance, risk management and audit procedures. The section on SNCI is only a brief statement within the Bank Negara Malaysia’s Guidelines on Financial Reporting for Islamic Banking Institutions and also in the Operational Risk Integrated Online Network system operated by IFIs. Most of the respondents in the interviews suggested that there should be a proper guideline in determining the classification of SNCI. Second, although IFIs have established the purification account to manage SNCI, the real practice varies from one IFI to another. Third, although there are supposedly documented procedures established in relation to management and administration of SNCI, the following events still occur in practice, namely, no authorisation from the Sharīʿah Committee (SC) on various types of income channelled to the SNCI account; unauthorised use of SNCI for other purposes; SNCI not being reported in the annual financial reports; and distribution of SNCI prior to obtaining the SC’s consent. Fourth, there is an absence of Sharīʿah risk assessment conducted on operational risk by IFIs to identify any potential Sharīʿah non-compliant event. Research limitations/implications This research contributes to the importance of Islamic corporate governance theory and Sharīʿah risk management, as well as strengthening the case for reporting SNCI to shareholders. It also contributes to the body of knowledge on the capability of the management in managing the internal control system of IFIs’ SNCI. Originality/value A new internal control assessment matrix is proposed for Sharīʿah-compliance in IFIs.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate Malaysian companies’ compliance with mandatory accounting standards. Specifically, this study examines the efficacy of agency-related mechanisms on the degree of compliance with Financial Reporting Standards (FRS) 101, Presentation of Financial Statements. It so proceeds by focussing on corporate governance parameters (board characteristics and ownership structure) and other firm characteristics. Design/methodology/approach Using data drawn from a sample of 105 Malaysian companies listed on the ACE market in 2009, the authors employ multiple regression analysis models to establish whether selected corporate governance and company-specific characteristics (proxying for agency-related mechanisms) are related to the degree of disclosure compliance. Findings The results indicate that the overall disclosure compliance is high (92.5 per cent). Furthermore, only firm size is positively associated with the degree of compliance. The other variables, those consisting of board independence, audit committee independence, CEO duality, the extent of outside blockholders’ ownership and leverage, do not show any significant relationship with the degree of compliance. Research limitations/implications This study focusses on only one accounting standard (FRS 101) that is mandatory in Malaysia. FRS 101 is both structured and rigid, leaving no room for companies to conceal any particular information. The sample of Malaysian companies selected is restricted to those listed only on the ACE market. As such, the results cannot be generalised to every company in Malaysia. Practical implications These results have important implications for policy makers because they suggest that whilst agency-related mechanisms may motivate compliance with mandatory standards, full compliance may be unattainable without regulations. Originality/value This is the only study in Malaysia to investigate the impact of regulatory requirements on corporate compliance level by companies listed on the new ACE market, which was introduced by the Bursa Malaysia in August 2009. This study contributes to the literature by examining the effects of both company-specific characteristics (such as company size, company age, liquidity, etc.) and corporate governance parameters on the degree of corporate compliance with mandatory disclosure, simultaneously, in contrast with prior studies which have examined them in isolation.

The purpose of Audit Oversight Board (AOB) is to oversee the external auditors who audit the listed companies. Its establishment is expected to improve the quality of the audited financial statements and to increase the confidence of the public on the quality of the services provided by the auditors. This study explores how the establishment of audit oversight board affects the auditors in Malaysia. As the study is exploratory in nature with limited studies being carried out on AOB, face-to-face interviews were conducted with the external auditors. The findings show that the establishment of AOB affects the job of external auditors, especially on the documentation and training costs, which vary across audit firms of different sizes. There are opinions that the increased pressure on the external auditors is not solely due to the establishment of AOB, but it is also due to the revised accounting standards and other regulations. The study also finds that the external auditors’ reliance on the internal auditors is not affected by the establishment of AOB. In addition, regardless of whether the internal audit department is in-house or outsourced, it will not affect the reliance of external auditors on the internal auditors work.

Effective from December 2016, the Malaysian external auditor is required under the revision of the International Standard on Auditing (ISA) to give comments on Key Audit Matters (KAM) in the audit client’s financial statement which indirectly increases the relevancy of ISA 610 “Using the Work of Internal Auditor”. This study aimed to explore the impact of two main aspects under ISA 610 namely “external auditor engagement quality (EX_QUAL)” and “external auditor reliance (EX_RELY)” on internal auditor’s risk judgment performance. The survey of 274 internal auditors in the Malaysian public and private sector found that internal auditors who experienced high EX_QUAL outperform risk judgment as a result of awareness that the judgment made must be reflective of their own competency, independence, work performance and due care. Unfortunately, internal auditors who experienced high EX_RELY did not perform as expected since internal auditor’s anxieties on the bad consequences of full disclosure risk faced by the company. EX_QUAL could be one of monitoring mechanism to improve internal audit’s risk judgment. Furthermore, mitigating action, such as external auditor involvement in internal audit annual risk assessment plan could deter internal auditor bias and increase objectivity, and thus induce a positive impact of EX_RELY on internal auditor’s risk judgment performance. Keywords: risk judgment, performance, reliance, internal auditor, external auditor

Purpose This paper aims to examine cases of fraudulent financial reporting (FFR) which were subject to published enforcement actions by the Securities Commission Malaysia (SC) from 1998 to 2012 for reasons of alleged financial misreporting. It investigates the main attempts used (how) and sensible motives (why) for these fraudulent reporting. Design/methodology/approach This study undertakes a close examination of the financial reports manipulated – annual accounts, interim reports and financial reports in listing proposals, initial public offering prospectuses and corporate restructuring proposals. Due to the limited number of FFR published, a close examination of these cases is the best way to reach a more comprehensive and detailed understanding of “how” FFR takes place, rather than performing large sample statistical analyses. This study also collects data which provide evidence for the possible motivations in resorting to the FFR. Findings The most common attempt used by the sample companies was to overstate their reported revenue by recognising fictitious sales from bogus customers. Sample companies who attempted this initial manipulation often followed with consequential manipulations and in some cases also embarked on masking manipulations. Sensible motives for the sample companies to manipulate their financial statements include capital raising exercises, closeness to defaulting on debt repayments and sustaining equity overvaluations. Research limitations/implications The primary limitation of this study is its lack of breadth due to the limited number of reported cases available. Moreover, taking the sample companies used from enforcement action releases published by the SC presupposes that the SC has diligently and correctly identified all the FFR cases – whereas there is a possibility that some companies involved in FFR may not yet have been detected or publicly revealed. Notwithstanding these limitations, our findings provide a comprehensive insight, which is sufficient in depth, into the operational aspects of FFR in Malaysia. Practical implications One practical lesson from the findings on “how” within the chain of manipulations is that auditors ought to review the effectiveness of their analytical and substantive procedures, as a number of the FFR cases remained undetected by the audit process. A second is that accounting standards setters may wish to reconsider the amount of discretion given to managers in financial reporting. On the one hand, some managers have used this discretion to provide useful information to the market; however, others have opportunistically used it for personal gain. Social implications From the societal perspective, it is time for managers, as agents of capital providers, to self-review their responsibilities and stewardship in financial reporting. There needs to be a paradigm shift in their attitudes towards the perceived incentives of, and opportunities for, FFR. Managers’ wrongdoings in these accounting scandals have had significant adverse consequences for society – including minority shareholders, investor confidence, future accountants and managers in the making. Originality/value This study provides direct and practical evidence on the “how” and “why” of FFR in the context of a developing country – Malaysia. Such evidence is limited in the existing literature and relevant to practitioners.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui hubungan kualitas audit, komite audit, dan Dewan Pengawas Syariah (DPS) terhadap kinerja Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia pada tahun 2015-2020 yang diproksikan dengan ROA, baik secara parsial dan simultan. Melalui pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis regresi data panel, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial, kualitas audit yang dihasilkan KAP Big 4 berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja bank umum syariah. Pada variabel komite audit, ukuran komite audit tidak mempengaruhi kinerja bank umum syariah, sedangkan kompetensi dan frekuensi komite audit berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kinerja bank umum syariah. Pada variabel DPS, ukuran dan frekuensi rapat DPS berpengaruh negatif signfikan terhadap kinerja bank umum syariah, sedangkan kompetensi DPS berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja bank umum syariah. Secara simultan, kualitas audit, komite audit, serta DPS berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja bank umum syariah. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi manajemen perusahaan, sebagai bahan pertimbangan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas peran pengawasan dalam penerapan tata kelola perusahaan agar dapat mewujudkan kinerja perusahaan menjadi lebih baik. Kata Kunci: Kualitas audit, Komite audit, Dewan Pengawas Syariah, Kinerja Bank. ABSTRACT This study aims is to find out the relationship between audit quality, audit committee, and Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) on the performance of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia in 2015-2020 as proxied by ROA, both partially and simultaneously. Through a quantitative approach with panel data regression analysis techniques, the results of the study show that partially, the audit quality produced by KAP Big 4 has a significant positive effect on the performance of Islamic commercial banks. In the audit committee variable, the size of the audit committee does not affect the performance of Islamic commercial banks, while the competence and frequency of the audit committee have a significant negative effect on the performance of Islamic commercial banks. In the DPS variable, the size and frequency of DPS meetings have a significant negative effect on the performance of Islamic commercial banks, while DPS competence has a significant positive effect on the performance of Islamic commercial banks. Simultaneously, audit quality, audit committee, and DPS have a significant positive effect on the performance of Islamic commercial banks. This research is expected to be useful for company management, as a consideration for increasing the effectiveness of the supervisory role in the implementation of corporate governance in order to realize better company performance. Keywords: Audit Quality, Audit committee, Shariah Supervisory Board, Banks performance. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Afza, T., & Nazir, M. S. (2014). Audit quality and firm value: A case of Pakistan. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 7(9), 1803–1810. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.7.465 Al-Sheikh, A. M. A. I. (2005). Tafsir Ibnu Katsir Jilid 2. Surabaya: Pustaka Imam Asy-Syafi’i. Al Farooque, O., Buachoom, W., & Sun, L. (2020). Board, audit committee, ownership and financial performance – emerging trends from Thailand. Pacific Accounting Review, 32(1), 54–81. https://doi.org/10.1108/PAR-10-2018-0079 Alfraih, M. M. (2017). Does ownership structure affect the quality of auditor pair composition? Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 15(2), 245–263. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfra-08-2015-0076 Alharbi, A. T. (2017). Determinants of Islamic banks’ profitability: International evidence. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 10(3), 331–350. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-12-2015-0161 Alqatamin, R. M. (2018). Audit committee effectiveness and company performance: Evidence from Jordan. Accounting and Finance Research, 7(2), 48-60. https://doi.org/10.5430/afr.v7n2p48 Alsartawi, A. M. (2019). Performance of Islamic banks: Do the frequency of Sharīʿah supervisory board meetings and independence matter? ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 11(2), 303–321. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-05-2018-0054 Amine, B. (2018). Contribution of governance to ensure the stability of Islamic banks: A panel data analysis. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 8(3), 140–155. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v8i3.13333 Baidok, W., & Septiarini, D. F. (2017). Pengaruh dewan komisaris, komposisi dewan komisaris independen, dewan pengawas syariah, frekuensi rapat dewan komisaris syariah, dan frekuensi rapat komite audit terhadap pengungkapan indeks Islamic social reporting pada bank umum syariah periode 2010-201. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori Dan Terapan, 3(12), 1020-1034. https://doi.org/10.20473/vol3iss201612pp1020-1034 Baklouti, I. (2020). Is the Sharia supervisory board a friend or an enemy of Islamic banks? Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(2), 526–541. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-04-2020-0118 Bank Indonesia. (2009a). Peraturan Bank Indonesia tentang Bank Umum Syariah (Nomor 11/3/PBI/2009). Jakarta: Bank Indonesia. Bank Indonesia. (2009b). Peraturan Bank Indonesia tentang Pelaksanaan Good Corporate Governance bagi Bank Umum Syariah dan Unit Usaha Syariah (Nomor 11/33/PBI/2009). Jakarta: Bank Indonesia. Basiruddin, R., & Ahmed, H. (2020). Corporate governance and Shariah non-compliant risk in Islamic banks: evidence from Southeast Asia. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 20(2), 240–262. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-05-2019-0138 Billah, F. A. M., & Fianto, B. A. (2021). Pengaruh Islamic corporate governance terhadap kinerja bank syariah: Studi empiris Indonesia dan Malaysia. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori Dan Terapan, 8(2), 243-254. https://doi.org/10.20473/vol8iss20212pp243-254 Bonita, A. M., & Rahardja, H. (2014). Pengaruh corporate governance terhadap praktik manajemen laba. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 3(3), 83-94. Bouaine, W., & Hrichi, Y. (2019). Impact of audit committee adoption and its characteristics on financial performance: Evidence from 100 French companies. Accounting and Finance Research, 8(1), 92-102. https://doi.org/10.5430/afr.v8n1p92 Budiyono, I., & Sabilla, C. K. (2021). Analysis of the influence of audit committee, sharia supervisory board, and Islamic work ethic on the quality of sharia bank financial statements in Indonesia. Al-Arbah: Journal of Islamic Finance and Banking, 3(1), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.21580/al-arbah.2021.3.1.8066 Chapra, U. (2000). Sistem moneter Islam. Jakarta: Gema Insani. Chaudhry, N. I., Roomi, M. A., & Aftab, I. (2020). Impact of expertise of audit committee chair and nomination committee chair on financial performance of firm. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 20(4), 621–638. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-01-2020-0017 DeAngelo, L. E. (1981). Auditor size and audit quality. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 3(3), 183–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4101(81)90002-1 Dey, A. (2008). Corporate governance and agency conflicts. Journal of Accounting Research, 46(5), 1143–1181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2008.00301.x Glover-Akpey, I., & Azembila, A. B. (2016). The effect of audit committees on the performance of firms listed on the Ghana stock exchange. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 18(11), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-1811055562 Grassa, R., & Matoussi, H. (2014). Is corporate governance different for Islamic banks A comparative analysis between the Gulf Cooperation Council and Southeast Asian countries. International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, 9(1), 27–51. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBGE.2014.062769 Gupta, N., & Mahakud, J. (2021). Audit committee characteristics and bank performance: Evidence from India. Managerial Auditing Journal, 36(6), 813–855. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-04-2020-2622 Haat, M. H. C., Rahman, R. A., & Mahenthiran, S. (2008). Corporate governance, transparency and performance of Malaysian companies. Managerial Auditing Journal, 23(8), 744-778. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900810899518 Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X Kaaroud, M. A., Mohd Ariffin, N., & Ahmad, M. (2020). The extent of audit report lag and governance mechanisms: Evidence from Islamic banking institutions in Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 11(1), 70–89. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-05-2017-0069 Khalil, A., & Boulila Taktak, N. (2020). The impact of the Shariah Board’s characteristics on the financial soundness of Islamic banks. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 11(9), 1807–1825. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-08-2018-0127 Khan, I., & Zahid, S. N. (2020). The impact of Shari’ah and corporate governance on Islamic banks performance: evidence from Asia. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 13(3), 483–501. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-01-2019-0003 Lassoued, M. (2018). Corporate governance and financial stability in Islamic banking. Managerial Finance, 44(5), 524–539. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-12-2016-0370 Lestari, E., & Murtanto. (2018). Pengaruh efektivitas dewan komisaris, dan komite audit, struktur kepemilikan perusahaan, dan kualitas audit terhadap perataan laba. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Krisnadwipayana, 5(1), 97–116. https://doi.org/10.35137/jmbk.v5i1.81 Mansoor, M., Ellahi, N., Malik, Q. A., Attributes, B., & Bank, I. (2019). Corporate governance and credit rating: Evidence of shariah governance from pakistan. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. 10(18), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.251 Merawati, E. E., & Hatta, I. H. (2014). Pengaruh pengawasan komite audit, audit internal, audit eksternal terhadap kesehatan keuangan perusahaan dan dampaknya terhadap profitabilitas (Atudi pada perusahaan asuransi dan reasuransi yang tercatat di BEI). Jurnal Akuntansi Untar, 18(3), 335–349. Mulyadi, R. (2017). Pengaruh karakteristik komite audit dan kualitas audit terhadap profitabilitas Perusahaan. Jurnal Akuntansi, 4(2), 22–35. https://doi.org/10.30656/jak.v4i2.248 Newell, R., & Wilson, G. (2002). Corporate governance: A Premium for good governance. The McKinsey Quarterly, 3(4), 20–23. Nguyen, Q. K. (2021). Oversight of bank risk-taking by audit committees and Sharia committees: conventional vs Islamic banks. Heliyon, 7(8), e07798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07798 Nomran, N. M., & Haron, R. (2019). Dual board governance structure and multi-bank performance: a comparative analysis between Islamic banks in Southeast Asia and GCC countries. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 19(6), 1377–1402. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-10-2018-0329 Nomran, N. M., Haron, R., & Hassan, R. (2018). Shari’ah supervisory board characteristics effects on Islamic banks’ performance: Evidence from Malaysia. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 36(2), 290–304. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-12-2016-0197 Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2015). Peraturan OJK tentang Pembentukan dan Pedoman Pelaksanaan Kerja Komite Audit (Nomor 55/ POJK.04/2015). Jakarta: OJK. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2020). Statistik Perbankan Syariah (Sharia Banking Statistics). Jakarta: OJK. Ramly, Z., Datuk, N., & Nordin, M. (2018). Dewan pengawasan syariah, independensi dewan, risiko komite dan pengambilan risiko bank syariah di Malaysia. Jurnal Internasional Ekonomi Dan Masalah Keuangan, 8(4), 290–300. Riandi, D., & Siregar, H. . (2011). Pengaruh penerapan good corporate governance terhadap return on asset, net profit margin, dan earning per share pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di corporate governance perception index. Jurnal Ekonom, 14(3), 127–133. Rifan, D. F., & Qintharah, Y. N. (2021). Pengaruh kualitas audit dan BOPO terhadap profitabilitas. JRAK: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Komputerisasi Akuntansi, 12(2), 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33558/jrak.v12i2.2966 Rimardhani, H., Hidayat, R. R., & Dwiatmanto, D. (2016). Pengaruh mekanisme good corporate governance terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan (studi pada perusahaan bumn yang terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2012-2014). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 31(1), 167-175. Rivai, V., Basir, S., Sudarto, S., & Veithzal, A. P. (2013). Commercial bank management: Manajemen perbankan dari teori ke praktik. Jakarta : PT RajaGrafindo Persada. Saeed, M. B., & Saeed, S. K. (2018). Characteristics of shariah supervisory board, corporate governance mechanisms and efficiency of Islamic banks: Evidence from listed banks in Asia. Journal of Islamic Business and Management (JIBM), 8(1), 116–138. https://doi.org/10.26501/jibm/2018.0801-008 Safieddine, A. (2009). Islamic financial institutions and corporate governance: New insights for agency theory. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 17(2), 142–158. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2009.00729.x Supriyaningsih, S., & Fuad, F. (2016). The influence of audit committee characteristics on real earnings management. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Auditing, 13(1), 61–79. https://doi.org/10.14710/jaa.13.1.61-79 Ulfa, N. (2019). Analisis pengaruh penerapan good corporate governance terhadap kinerja keuangan bank syariah mandiri tbk tahun 2010-2017. Skripsi tidak dipublikasikan. Tulungagung: UIN SATU Zraiq, M. A., & Fadzil, F. H. (2018). The impact of audit committee characteristics on firm performance: Evidence from Jordan. Scholar Journal of Applied Sciences and Research, 1(5), 39–42.

I welcome you to the Vol. 1 Issue 2 of Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance. You will recall in Issue 1, I made known our commitment to publish high-quality, impactful papers and to bring scholars who share our vision and mission into the Editorial Advisory Board. Dr Ishaya John Dabari (Modibbo Adamawa University of Technology, Adamawa, Nigeria) has consented to join the Editorial Advisory Board. I am pleased to welcome him on board. In Issue 2, all the presentations are international research with emphasis on corporate governance and risk management, internal auditing, accounting information system, education, telecommunications, and banking sectors. In the first paper captioned “Effect of Risk Management Committee on Monitoring Mechanisms”, Dr Rachael Oluyemisi Arowolo (Chrisland University), Prof Dr Ayoib B. Che-Ahmad (Universiti Utara Malaysia), and Asst. Prof. Dr Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson Popoola (Universiti Utara Malaysia) examines the influence of risk management committee (RMC) on monitoring mechanisms (MM) in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper provides empirical supports for RMC association with monitoring mechanisms to reduce agency problems, using the secondary data (2010-2012) of Nigerian non-financial listed companies. The article recommends to the board of Nigerian companies to explore the usefulness of RMC in monitoring the management and controlling shareholders to lessen agency problems and protect the interests of the minority shareholders. In the second paper entitled “Aligning Corporate Governance with Enterprise Risk Management Adoption in the Nigerian Deposit Money Banks”, Dr Ishaya John Dabari (Modibbo Adama University of Technology), Sini Fave Kwaji (Modibbo Adama University of Technology), and Ghazali Zulkurnai (Universiti Utara Malaysia) align corporate governance (CG) with Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) adoption in the Nigerian Deposit Money banks (DMBs). Their study used cross-sectional research design, survey method and questionnaire technique to collect data in 21 Nigerian DMBs. Out of 722 questionnaires distributed, 435 were found usable for further analysis through Structural Equation Modeling in Stata. The paper empirically reveals the significant positive relationship between CG and ERM adoption regarding internal audit effectiveness, human resource competency and top management commitment. The study provides insightful results for the banking industry, regulators, practitioners, academia and other stakeholders, perhaps to render assistance in the areas of policy formulation, implementation and evaluation. In the third paper titled “Independence and Management Support: The advocate for Internal Auditors’ Task Performance in Tertiary Institutions”, Oyewumi Hassan Kehinde (Universiti Utara Malaysia), Prof Dr Ayoib B. Che-Ahmad (Universiti Utara Malaysia), and Asst. Prof. Dr Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson Popoola (Universiti Utara Malaysia) examine the influence of independence (IND) and management support (MS) on the task performance (TP) of internal auditors in the South-West tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The study formulates and tests two hypotheses on the relationship between IND and TP in one hand, and MS and TP on the other hand. This study employs a quantitative approach, cross-sectional design, and survey questionnaire in obtaining data from 350 internal auditors from the internal audit departments/units of the universities, polytechnics, and colleges of education. The results of the PLS-SEM algorithm and bootstrapping reveal positive significant relationships between IND and TP, and the MS and TP, and hence, support the two hypotheses. The paper has a policy implication on the government/private proprietors who are owners of tertiary institutions; management and Council who control the institutions, internal auditors who are operators of internal auditing; regulatory authorities who perform oversight function on the institutions, and professional accounting and auditing bodies. The article adds to the body of knowledge and extends internal audit research to tertiary institutions. In the fourth paper entitled “Examining Information Disclosure on Regulatory Compliance of Telecommunication Companies in Nigeria”, Sini Fave Kwaji (Modibbo Adama University of Technology), Dr Ishaya John Dabari (Modibbo Adama University of Technology) examine the impact of information disclosure on regulatory compliance of telecommunication companies in Nigeria. The study adopted ex-post facto research design, which relies on secondary data collected from the financial statements of three (3) telecommunication companies out of the eight (8) telecommunication companies for the period of 2004 to 2015 and analysed through the multiple regression statistics. The results reveal that computed compliance index of telecommunication companies was above average (av. 75.6%) with the requirements of regulatory agencies. Also, the findings indicate that mandatory information disclosure (MID) recorded a significant impact at 10% (weak compliance), while voluntary information disclosure (VID) showed an effect at 5% (partial compliance). The article makes a clarion call for the enforcement of full compliance by all the telecommunication companies operating in Nigeria and therefore, recommends to the National Communication Commission (NCC) to monitor the compliance with the requirements of information disclosure and pursue its objective to achieve best corporate governance practices in Nigerian telecommunication companies. In the fifth paper titled “Examining CAATTs implementation by internal auditors in the public sector.” Dr Aidi Ahmi (Universiti Utara Malaysia), Associate Prof Dr Siti Zabedah Saidin (Universiti Utara Malaysia), and Dr Akilah Abdullah (Universiti Utara Malaysia) investigate the implementation of CAATTs by internal auditors in the Malaysian public sector. Their research reports the results from 12 interviews conducted with internal audit departments in both federal and state levels. The study revealed the implementation of CAATTs by internal auditors in public sector is still low because of lack of expertise, high implementation and maintenance cost, limited access of auditee’s data, and preference to conduct the audit manually. Furthermore, it is not mandatory for them to use CAATTs. The evidence is a contrast with the encouragement made by the government to improve the IT usage in public sector. The results implied that training for future auditors in CAATTs to ensure the successful implementation is crucial and strategic. For CAATTs to be a success, the head of internal audit must possess the awareness about the importance of CAATTs as well as enforcement of its implementation. As you read through this Vol. 1 Issue 2 of IPJAF, I would like to recap that the success of the journal depends on your active participation and those of your colleagues and friends through submission of high-quality articles for review and publication. I reiterate to our prospective authors to enjoy the benefits IPJAF provides about mentoring nature of the unique review process, which offers high quality, and helpful reviews tailored to assist authors in improving their manuscripts. I acknowledge your support as we endeavour to make IPJAF the most authoritative journal on accounting and finance for the community of academic, professional, industry, society and government.

IAS 40 (adopted in PSAK 13, 2012) about investment properties allowing companies to choose the method of measuring their investment properties, namely the cost method and the fair value method. Side that oppose fair value method argue that fair value is unreliable and costly. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to examine the relevance of the fair value accounting choice method and determinants that affect of fair value accounting choice method for investment property. This research is using secondary data observation technique which acquired from annual financial reports for real estate, manufacturing, and trading sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2012-2016 period. By using judgment sampling method, the research sample tested were 48 companies (19 real estate companies, 15 manufacturing companies, and 14 trading companies). The results of this research shows that fair value accounting choice method has a positive significant on firm value. In that case shows that fair value accounting choice have a value relevance so it can help investor to make a investment decision. For determinants of fair value accounting choice, that firm size variables has significant positive and leverage significant negatively with determinants of fair value accounting choice while big four has no effect on determinants of fair value accounting choice. Keywords: Value relevance, Investment property, Firm size, Leverage, Big four. References: Acaranupong, K. (2017). Accounting practices and value relevance of investment property: Evidence from firms listed on the stock exchange of Thailand. Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 10(2), 1–41. Ahmad, F. B., & Mohammad, A. (2015). The Effect of Fair Value Accounting on Jordanian Investment Properties. International Journal of Financial Research, 6(4), 99–113. Al-Khadash, H. A., & Ahmad, K. (2014). The Effects of the Fair Value Option under IAS 40 on the Volatility of Earnings. Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, 4(5), 95–113. Al-khadash, H., & Abdullatif, M. (2009). Consequences of fair value accounting for financial instruments in the developing countries: the case of banking sector in Jordan. Jordan Journal of Business Administration, 5(4). Alhusaini, W., & Mostafa, E. (2016). Accounting for property investment : an examination of the value relevance of unrealised gains and losses recognised under IAS 40 Walid Alhusaini and Mostafa Elshamy *, 6(2), 100–117. Barth, M. E. (2000). Valuation-based accounting research: Implications for financial reporting and opportunities for future research. Accounting and Finance, 40(1), 7–31. Beisland, L. A. (2009). A Review of the Value Relevance Literature. The Open Business Journal, 2(1), 7–27. Carroll, T., Linsmeier, T., & Petroni, K. (2003). The Reliability of Fair Value versusHistorical Cost Information: Evidence from Closed-End Mutual Funds. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 18(1), 1. Chen, K. L., Road, S. S., & Tsang, D. (2013). Earnings management , firm location , and financial reporting choice: An analysis of fair value reporting for investment properties in an emerging market. Christensen, H. B., & Nikolaev, V. V. (2009). Who uses fair value accounting for non-financial assets after IFRS adoption. SSRN Working Paper, (9), 1–46. DeAngelo, L. E. (1981). AUDITOR SIZE AND AUDIT QUALITY. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 3(May), 183–199. Farahmita, A., & Siregar, S. V. (2014). FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEMUNGKINAN PERUSAHAAN MEMILIH METODE NILAI WAJAR UNTUK PROPERTI INVESTASI. Simposium Nasional Akuntansi XVII, 1–21. FASB. (1980). Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 2 - Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting Information. FASB Concepts Statements, (2), 0. Ferri, M. G., & Jones, W. H. (1979). Determinants of financial structure: A new methodological approach. American Finance Association, 34(3), 631–644. Hendriksen, E. S., & Breda, M. F. Van. (2001). Accounting Theory. Irwin Profesional Publishing. Jabar, A., & Mohamed, A. (2015). The practices of fair value reporting on investment property in Malaysia, (August). Muller, K. A., Riedl, E. J., & Sellhorn, T. (2008). Causes and Consequences of Choosing Historical Cost versus Fair Value, 1–49. Muller, K., Riedl, E. J., & Sellhorn, T. (2008). Consequences of Voluntary and Mandatory Fair Value Accounting: Evidence Surrounding IFRS Adoption in the EU Real Estate Industry, (June 2014), Working Paper 1-43. Quagli, A., & Avallone, F. (2010). Fair value or cost model? Drivers of choice for IAS 40 in the real estate industry. European Accounting Review, 19(3), 461–493. Souza, F. Ê. A. de, Botinha, R. A., Silva, P. R., & Lemes, S. (2015). Comparability of Accounting Choices in Future Valuation of Investment Properties: An Analysis of Brazilian and Portuguese Listed Companies. Revista Contabilidade & Finanças, 26(68), 154–166. Subramanyam, K. R. (2014). Financial Statement Analysis (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill. Tan, M. Z., Mohamat Sabri Hassan, & Embong, Z. (2014). Value Relevance of Investment Properties’ Fair Value and Board Characteristics in Malaysian Real Estate Investment Trusts. Asian Journal of Accounting and Governance, 5, 1–13. Weygandt, J. J., Kimmel, P. D., & Kieso, D. E. (2013). Financial Accounting (IFRS). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Wooten, T. C. (2003). Research About Audit Quality. The CPA Journal.

Companies that hire an auditor to audit their financial statements are charged an audit fee. The audit fee is a payment given by the company to the auditor in exchange for his or her services. The purpose of this study is to discover if audit quality, firm size, complexity, and company risk all play a role in setting audit costs for financial statements. This study used a purposive sampling technique using a sample of 54 manufacturing businesses listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2019 period. Data analysis techniques used include the descriptive analysis test, classical assumption test, multiple regression analysis test, simultaneous test (f-test), and partial test (t-test). According to the findings of the study, audit quality, firm size, and firm complexity all have a significant positive impact on audit fees. While the firm risk variable is not proven to have an effect on audit fees. Keywords: Audit fee, Audit quality, Company size, Company complexity, Company risk. References: Agoes, S. (2017). Auditing: Petunjuk Praktis Pemeriksaan Akuntan Oleh Akuntan Publik. Jakarta: Salemba Empat. Ahmad, A. C., & Abidin, S. (2008). Audit Delay of Listed Companies: A Case of Malaysia. CCSE International Business Research., Vol. 1, No.4 October 2008, 32-39. Akram, Basuki, P., & Budiarto. (2017). Pengaruh Mekanisme Corporate Governance, Kualitas Audit, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Leverage Terhadap Integritas Laporan Keuangan. Vol.2, No.1, Oktober 2017, 95-120. Arens, A. A., Elder, R. J., Beasley, M. S., & Hogan, C. E. (2017). Auditing and Assurance Services: An Integrated Approach, Sixteenth Edition. Newyork: Pearson Prentice Hall. Ask, J., & Holm, M. L. (2013). Audit Fee Determinants in Different Ownership Structures. Uppsala University, 1-49. Awuy, V. P., Sayekti, Y., & Purnamawati, I. (2016). Pengaruh Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Terhadap Earnings Response Coefficient (ERC). Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 18, No.1, 15-26. Chandra, M. O. (2015). Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance, Karakteristik Perusahaan dan Ukuran KAP Terhadap. Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis, Vol. 8, No. 26 Maret 2015, 174-194. Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2017). Metode Penelitian Bisnis (12 ed.). Jakarta: Salemba Empat. Cristansy, J., & Ardiati, A. Y. (2018). Pengaruh Kompleksitas Perusahaan, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Ukuran KAP Terhadap Audit fee Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2012-2016. Modus Journal Vol. 30, No.2: 198-211 ISSN: 0852-1875, ISSN (Online): 2549 3787, 198-211. DeAngelo, L. E. (1981). Auditor Size and Audit Quality. Journal of Accounting and Economics Vol. 3 (1981), 183-199. Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Agency Theory: An Assessment and Review. Academy of Management Review, Vol.14, No. 1, 57-74. Gammal, W. E. (2012). Determinants of Audit Fees: Evidence from Lebanon. International Business Research, Vol. 5, No. 11: 2012, 136-145. Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 25. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro. Hasan, M. A. (2017). Pengaruh Kompleksitas Audit, Profitabilitas Klien, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik Terhadap Audit Fee. Pekbis Jurnal, Vol. 9, No. 3, November 2017, 214-230. Huri, S., & Syofyan, E. (2019). Pengaruh Jenis Industri, Ukuran Perusahaan, Kompleksitas Perusahaan dan Profitabilitas Klien Terhadap Audit Fee. Jurnal Eksplorasi Akuntansi, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1096-1110. Retrieved from http://jea.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/jea/issue/view/9 Institut Akuntansi Publik Indonesia (IAPI). (2016). Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2016 Tentang Penentuan Imbalan Jasa Audit Laporan Keuangan. http://iapi.or.id/uploads/content/95-PP-No-2-Tahun-2016- tentang-Penentuan-Imbalan-Jasa-Audit-Laporan-Keuangan.pdf ICAEW. (2005). Audit Quality: Agency Theory and The Role of Audit. Audit and Assurance Faculty. Immanuel, R., & Yuyetta, E. N. (2014). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Penetapan Audit Fees. DIPONEGORO JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING, Volume 3, Nomor 3, Tahun 2014, 1-12. Retrieved from http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/accounting Indriastuti, M. (2012). Analisis Kualitas Auditor dan Corporate Governance Terhadap Manajemen Laba.Eksistansi (ISSN 2085-2401), Vol. IV, No. 2, Agustus 2012. Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory Of The Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs And Ownership Structure. Journal of Financial Economics Vol. 3 (1976), 305-360. Julianto, I. A., Yadnyana, I., & Suputra, I. G. (2016). Pengaruh Audit Fee, Perencanaan Audit Dan Resiko Audit Terhadap Kualitas Audit Pada Kantor Akuntansi Publik di Bali. E-Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, Vol. 5, No. 12, 2016, ISSN: 2337-3067, 4029-4056. Keputusan BAPEPAM No. KEP-36/PM/2003, Tentang Kewajiban Penyampaian Laporan Keuangan Berkala. (2003). https://docplayer.info/30003274-Keputusan-ketua-badan-pengawas-pasar-modal-nomor-kep- 36-pm-2003-tentang-kewajiban-penyampaian-laporan-keuangan-berkala.html Nugrahani, N. R., & Sabeni, A. (2013). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penetapan Fee audit Eksternal Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Di BEI. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013, ISSN(Online): 2337-3806, 1-11. Pambudi, T. L., & Ghozali, I. (2013). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Perusahaan Dan Manajemen Laba Terhadap Tipe Auditor Dan Audit Fees Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, Volume 2, Nomor 1, Tahun 2013, 1-13. Pranama, R. S. (2019). Pengaruh Pelaporan Corporate Social Responsibility, Kualitas Auditor, Ukuran Perusahaan, Anak Perusahaan dan Resiko Perusahaan Terhadap Komitmen Audit Laporan Keuangan (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di BEI 2015-2017). Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta. Sanusi, M. A., & Purwanto, A. (2017). Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Biaya Audit Eksternal, Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, Volume 6, Nomor 3, Tahun 2017, ISSN(Online): 2337-3806, 1-9. Selano, E. C., Tedjasuksmana, B., & Wardani, R. P. (2017). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kecenderungan Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan Pada Perusahaan Property, Real Estate and Building Yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2013-2015. Jurnal Akuntansi Kontemporer (JAKO), Vol. 9, No. 2, Juli 2017, 162-182. Suharli, M., & Nurlaelah. (2008). Konsentrasi Auditor Dan Penetapan Fee audit: Investigasi Pada BUMN, JAAI, Volume 12, No. 2, Desember 2008, 133-148. Syafina, D. C. (2018, Oktober 8). Kasus SNP Finance dan Pertaruhan Rusaknya Reputasi Akuntan Publik. (Suhendra, Editor) Retrieved from tirto.id: https://tirto.id/kasus-snp-finance-dan-pertaruhan- rusaknya-reputasi-akuntan-publik-c4RT Triani, Y. O. (2016). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Penetapan Fee audit Fees (Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada Tahun 2011-2013). Ulfasari, H. K., & Marsono. (2014). Determinan Fee audit Eksternal Dalam Konvergensi IFRS. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, Volume 3, Nomor 2, Tahun 2014, ISSN(Online): 2337-3806, 1-11. Watkins, A. L., Hillison, W., & Morecroft, S. E. (2004). Audit Quality: A Synthesis of Theory And Empirical Evidence. Journal of Accounting Literature, Vol. 23, tahun 2004, ABI/INFORM Global, 153-193. Widiastari, P. A., & Yasa, G. W. (2018). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Free Cash Flow, dan Ukuran Perusahaan pada Nilai Perusahaan. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, Vol. 23, No. 2, Mei 2018, ISSN: 2302-8556, 957-981. doi:https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2018.v23.i02.p06 Yulianti, N., Agustin, H., & Taqwa, S. (2019). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Kompleksitas Audit, Risiko Perusahaan dan Ukuran KAP Terhadap Fee audit. Jurnal Eksplorasi Akuntansi, Vol. 1, No. 1, Seri B, Februari 2019, ISSN: 2656-3649 (Online), 217-235. Yulio, W. S. (2016). Pengaruh Konvergensi IFRS, Komite Audit Dan Kompleksitas Perusahaan Terhadap Fee audit. Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis, Vol. 15, No. 29, 29 September 2016, 77-92.

ABSTRAK Pembiayaan merupakan sumber pendapatan dan sumber risiko terbesar bagi bank. Sehingga pengungkapan informasi akuntansi mengenai pembiayaan penting bagi pemegang saham untuk mengambil keputusan ekonomi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji tingkat pengungkapan informasi akuntansi transaksi pembiayaan syariah pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia. Selain itu untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat pengungkapan informasi tersebut. Sampel menggunakan 7 Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia yang beroperasi dalam periode 2016-2020. Indeks rata-rata tidak tertimbang digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat pengungkapan informasi akuntansi transaksi pembiayaan syariah sesuai standar PSAK dan PAPSI 2013. Model analisis regresi data panel digunakan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat pengungkapan informasi tersebut. Penelitian menemukan bahwa rata-rata tingkat pengungkapan informasi akuntansi transaksi pembiayaan syariah sebesar 0,616 dan belum ada yang mematuhi standar secara penuh. Ukuran bank dan usia bank berpengaruh negatif signifikan, ukuran dewan komisaris berpengaruh positif signifikan serta keahlian komite audit tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat pengungkapan informasi akuntansi transaksi pembiayaan syariah. Temuan ini memberikan implikasi bahwa pemegang saham dapat mempertimbangkan ukuran bank, usia bank, dan ukuran dewan komisaris untuk meningkatkan tingkat pengungkapan informasi akuntansi pembiayaan. Temuan ini dapat dijadikan bahan evaluasi bagi lembaga regulator terkait praktik pengungkapan informasi akuntansi pembiayaan sesuai standar. Kata kunci: Tingkat Pengungkapan Informasi Akuntansi Transaksi Pembiayaan Syariah, Ukuran Bank, Usia Bank, Keahlian Komite Audit, Ukuran Dewan Komisaris. ABSTRACT Financing is the largest source of income and the biggest source of risk for banks. Therefore, disclosure of accounting information regarding financing is important for shareholders to make economic decisions. The purpose of this study was to examine the level of disclosure of accounting information for Islamic financing transactions at Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia. In addition, this study analyzes the factors that influence the level of disclosure of that information. The samples used 7 Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia operating in the 2016-2020 period. The unweighted average index is used to measure the level of disclosure of accounting information for sharia financing transactions according to the PSAK and PAPSI 2013 standards. The panel data regression analysis model is used to analyze the factors that influence the level of information disclosure. The study found that the average level of disclosure of accounting information for Islamic finance transactions was 0.616 and none of them fully complied with the standards. The size of the bank and the age of the bank had a significant negative effect, the size of the board of commissioners had a significant positive effect and the expertise of the audit committee had no significant effect on the level of disclosure of accounting information on Islamic financing transactions. This finding implies that shareholders can consider bank size, bank age, and board of commissioners size to increase the level of disclosure of financial accounting information. These findings can be used as evaluation material for regulatory agencies regarding the practice of disclosing financial accounting information according to standards. Keywords: Level of Disclosure of Accounting Information on Islamic Financing Transactions, Bank Size, Age of the Bank, Expertise of the Audit Committee, Board of Commissioners Size. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abad, C., & Bravo, F. (2018). Audit committee accounting expertise and forward-looking disclosures A study of the US companies. Management Research Review, 41(2), 166–185. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-02-2017-0046 Akhtaruddin, M. (2005). Corporate mandatory disclosure practices in Bangladesh. International Journal of Accounting, 40(4), 399–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intacc.2005.09.007 Amrin, A. (2018). Karakteristik perusahaan dalam praktik pengungkapan wajib pada laporan keuangan perbankan Syariah di Indonesia. Jurnal Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan, 7(4), 346–359. Bédard, J., & Gendron, Y. (2010). Strengthening the financial reporting system: Can audit committees deliver? International Journal of Auditing, 210, 174–210. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-1123.2009.00413.x CNBC Indonesia. (2019). BNI raih penghargaan BUMN keuangan listed award 2018. Retrieved from https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20191114223351-51-115408/bni-raih-penghargaan-bumn-keuangan-listed-award-2018 Darmadi, S. (2013). Corporate governance disclosure in the annual report: An exploratory study on Indonesian Islamic banks. Humanomics, 29(1), 4–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/08288661311299295 Dharma, C. Y. S., & Nugroho, P. I. (2013). Corporate governance, financial distress, and voluntary disclosure. Proceedings of the International Conference on Managing the Asian Century, 217–224. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-61-0 Diono, H., & Prabowo, T. J. W. (2017). Analisis pengaruh mekanisme corporate governance, profitalbilitas, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap tingkat pengungkapan sustainability report. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 6(3), 615–624. El-Halaby, S., & Hussainey, K. (2016). Determinants of compliance with AAOIFI standards by Islamic banks. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 9(1), 143-168. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-06-2015-0074 Falendro, A., Faisal, F., & Ghozali, I. (2018). Characteristics of the board of commissioners, committees and disclosure of company risk. Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 8(2), 115–124. https://doi.org/10.22219/jrak.v8i Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia. (2020). Standar akuntansi keuangan syariah per 1 Januari 2020. Jakarta: Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia. Inchausti, B. G. (1997). The influence of company characteristics and accounting regulation on information disclosed by Spanish firms. European Accounting Review, 6(1), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/096381897336863 Jensen, M. C. (1993). The modern industrial revolution, exit, and the failure of internal control systems. The Journal of Finance, 48(3), 831–880. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1993.tb04022.x Khaddafi, M., Siregar, S., Noch, M. Y., Nurlaila, S. A., Harmain, S. H., Sumartono, P., & Ikhsan, A. (2017). Akuntansi Syariah Meletakkan Nilai-nilai Syariah Islam dalam ilmu Akuntansi. Medan: Madenatera. Kumparan. (2020). BNI Syariah raih penghargaan kepatuhan pelaporan keuangan terbaik dari BI. Retrieved from https://kumparan.com/kumparanbisnis/bni-syariah-raih-penghargaan-kepatuhan-pelaporan-keuangan-terbaik-dari-bi-1ukJaSPcDCE Madi, H. K., Ishak, Z., & Manaf, N. A. A. (2014). The impact of audit committee characteristics on corporate voluntary disclosure. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 164, 486–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.11.106 Mangena, M., & Pike, R. (2005). The effect of audit committee shareholding, financial expertise and size on interim financial disclosures. Accounting and Business Research, 35(4), 327–349. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2005.9729998 Mangena, M., & Tauringana, V. (2007). Corporate compliance with non-mandatory statements of best practice: The case of the ASB statement on interim reports. European Accounting Review, 16(2), 399–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180701391014 Marini, M., & Kusumawati, S. M. (2017). Analisis pengaruh financial leverage, ukuran, jenis auditor, profitabilitas, umur, dan risiko terhadap pengungkapan laporan perusahaan manufaktur periode 2011 – 2014. Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis, 9(1), 91–114. https://doi.org/10.30813/jab.v9i1.875 Matuszak, L., Różańska, E., & Macuda, M. (2019). The impact of corporate governance characteristics on banks’ corporate social responsibility disclosure: Evidence from Poland. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 9(1), 75–102. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-04-2017-0040 Nurdin, N. N., Hady, H., & Nalurita, F. (2019). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas dan leverage terhadap pengungkapan intellectual capital. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pakar, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.25105/pakar.v0i0.4301 Nurkhin, A., Wahyudin, A., Mukhibad, H., Fachrurrozie, & Baswara, S. Y. (2019). The determinants of Islamic governance disclosure: The case of Indonesian Islamic banks. Banks and Bank Systems, 14(4), 143–152. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.14(4).2019.14 Nuswandari, C. (2009). Pengungkapan pelaporan keuangan dalam perspektif signalling theory. Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Akuntansi, 1(1), 48-57. Ousama, A. A., & Fatima, A. H. (2010). Voluntary disclosure by Shariah approved companies: an exploratory study. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 8(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1108/19852511011055943 Pah, V. C. (2020). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengungkapan internet financial reporting; relevansi bagi pemegang saham di bursa efek Indonesia. Jurnal Thesis, 1-28. Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi YKPN Yogyakarta. Rokhlinasari, S. (2016). Teori–teori dalam pengungkapan informasi corporate social responbility perbankan. Al-Amwal: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syari’ah, 7(1), 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24235/amwal.v7i1.217 Sellami, Y. M., & Tahari, M. (2017). Factors influencing compliance level with AAOIFI Financial accounting standards by Islamic banks. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 18(1), 137–159. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-01-2015-0005 Sembiring, E. R. (2005). Karakteristik perusahaan dan pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial: Study empiris pada perusahaan yang tercatat di bursa efek Jakarta. SNA VIII Solo, September, 379–395. Subroto, B. (2014). Pengungkapan wajib perusahaan publik: kajian teori dan empiris. Malang: UB Press. Sudarmaji, A. M., & Sularto, L. (2007). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, leverage, dan tipe kepemilikan perusahaan terhadap luas voluntary disclosure laporan keuangan tahunan. Proceeding PESAT (Psikologi, Ekonomi, Sastra, Arsitek & Sipil, 2(1858–2559), A53–A61. https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-f-1.1985.0021 Sunyoto, & Hidayanti, E. (2009). Pentingnya pengungkapan laporan keuangan dalam meminimalisasi asimetri informasi. Jurnal WIGA, 2(2), 19–28. Tabash, M. I. (2019). An empirical investigation on the relation between disclosure and financial performance of Islamic banks in the United Arab Emirates. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 6(4), 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2019.vol6.no4.27 Ulum, I. (2009). Intellectual capital: Konsep dan kajian empiris. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu. Upperline. (2017). ARA 2016: BNI raih penghargaan tertinggi BUMN keuangan listed - media korporasi Indonesia. Retrieved from https://upperline.id/post/ara-2016-bni-raih-penghargaan-tertinggi-bumn-keuangan-listed Usanti, T. P. (2019). Pengelolaan risiko pembiayaan di bank syariah. ADIL: Jurnal Hukum, 3(2), 408. https://doi.org/10.33476/ajl.v3i2.817 Vanza, S., Wells, P., & Wright, A. (2018). Do asset impairments and the associated disclosures resolve uncertainty about future returns and reduce information asymmetry? Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 14, 22–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2018.02.003 Wahyuni, C. E., & Diantimala, Y. (2016). Tingkat pengungkapan wajib perbankan syariah. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Ekonomi Akuntansi, 1(1), 273–281. Wahyuni, S. (2018). Islamic social reporting disclosure and determinant factors. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 231, 389–392. Wangsawidjaja Z., A. (2012). Pembiayaan bank syariah. Jakarta: PT Gramedia. Wardani, M. K., & Sari, D. D. (2018). Disclosure of Islamic social reporting in sharia banks: Case of Indonesia and Malaysia. Journal of Finance and Islamic Banking, 1(2), 105–120. https://doi.org/10.22515/jfib.v1i2.1495

This research aims to describe the corporations to take restatement in financial statement such as, corporate governance implementation and size of Audit Firm. Corporate Governance and size of Audit Firm are involved in auditing process. Theoretically, those influence the quality of financial statement. The occurrence of restatement of financial reporting is as a proxy for a lower of financial statement quality. Hence, corporate governance and size of Audit Firm should prevent from restated financial statement. The result of this research describe that number of independent commissioner and number of audit committee do not prevent from restated financial statement. In addition, size of Audit Firm is not obvious to increase the quality of financial statement, because there are several of big four audit firms have been appointed by such corporation as external auditor or some of restatements have been done by non-big four. This research describes the composition of independent commissioner, audit committee and also Audit Firms size do not influence directly to restated financial statement.

The marketization of social capital has resulted in frequent audit failures, and financial statement frauds. One of the key steps of auditing is the identification of material misstatement risk of financial statement. However, there is no unified analysis framework or quantitative method for identifying this risk. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze financial statement and prewarn audit risks in an accurate manner. Firstly, the items of financial statement were analyzed in three aspects of the target enterprise: balance statement, income statement, and cash flow statement. Next, the authors probed deep into the core indices of the post audit risk verification and evaluation of the business process, constructed a scientific evaluation index system for audit risks of financial statement, and quantified the 89 tertiary indices, 21 secondary indices, and 3 primary indices. After that, an audit risk prediction model for financial statement was established based on neural network. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed model for audit risk prewarning, and applicable to other tasks of financial auditing.

ABSTRACT The term “audit style” is used to characterize the unique set of internal working rules of each Big 4 audit firm for the implementation of auditing standards and the enforcement of GAAP within their clienteles. Audit style implies that two companies audited by the same Big 4 auditor, subject to the same audit style, are more likely to have comparable earnings than two firms audited by two different Big 4 firms with different styles. By comparable we mean that two firms in the same industry and year will have a more similar accruals and earnings structure. For a sample of U.S. companies for the period 1987 to 2011, we find evidence consistent with audit style increasing the comparability of reported earnings within a Big 4 auditor's clientele. Data Availability: All data are publicly available from the sources identified in the text.

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the association between audit tenure and financial distress on delay in publication of financial statement. Based on purposive sampling methods, this study analyze 396 samples by logistic regression. This study find that delay in publication of financial statement aren’t effected by audit tenure and financial distress. This result show that audit tenure and financial statement can’t be consideration of companies when they submit their financial statement because there’s some regulations about timeliness of publishing financial statement.

This study aims to empirically test the detection of indications of financial statement fraud based on financial shenanigans. Financial shenanigans are proxied by the growth in days' sales outstanding, cash flow from operating divided by net income, and accounts receivable divided by sales. Indication of financial statement fraud is proxied by the F-Score model. This research was conducted at oil and gas companies in Indonesia and Malaysia. Hypothesis testing used multiple linear regression analysis. The test was carried out in three steps, namely testing on Indonesia and Malaysia, Indonesia, and Malaysia. The results of this study found evidence that the growth of the days' sales outstanding is significant to the indication of financial statement fraud in Malaysia. Another result is that the growth in a collection period, cash flow from operating divided by net income, and accounts receivable divided by sales is not significant if tested separately for Indonesia and Malaysia and Indonesia.

SUMMARY The number of days required to complete financial statement audits (i.e., audit delay) increased significantly with the implementation of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX, U.S. House of Representatives 2002). As firms' in-house experts on internal control, Internal Audit Functions (IAFs) can substantially affect financial reporting processes and, thus, audit delay. Internal auditors can help management maintain strong internal controls and assist external auditors with financial statement audits. Accordingly, we investigate whether IAF quality and the IAF's contribution to financial statement audits affect audit delay in a sample of 292 firm-year observations drawn from the pre-SOX 404 period. Using survey data from the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA), we develop a comprehensive proxy for IAF quality; we measure different aspects of IAF quality (e.g., competence, objectivity, fieldwork rigor); and we measure the nature of the IAF's contribution to financial statement audits (independently performed work and direct assistance). Results indicate audit delay is decreasing in IAF quality, and this decrease is driven by IAF competence and fieldwork quality. Delay is four days shorter when IAFs contribute to external audits by independently performing relevant work. High-quality IAFs contribute to financial statement audits by independently performing relevant work, while low-quality IAFs provide direct assistance.

This study highlights the nature of auditor rotation in the Malaysian banking industry and its effects on auditor independence and quality of audit service in the industry. To generate primary data for analysis, interviews were conducted on officials of two banking institutions and one accounting/audit firm. The study finds that there have not been significant changes in the annual appointment of auditors in the Malaysian banking institutions over the last ten years, suggesting that there is a good working relationship between the auditors (especially the Big4) and the banks. This allows room for continuous debate on the need for mandatory rotation as a<br />means for ensuring auditor independence and high audit quality in the Malaysian banking industry. In the absence of statutory/mandatory requirement for auditor rotation, it is recommended that the Malaysian banking institutions should be carefully evaluating the impact auditor rotation would have on the quality of audit work on their current and future financial statements, as they decide whether to rotate their auditors or not.

A financial statement is a crucial matter since its quality is declining. This research developed and tested a theoretical model which identified factors directly or indirectly contributing to the financial statement quality, namely audit committee and internal audit; meanwhile, external audit and corporate governance were considered as antecedent factors having impact on the report. The objective of the research is to gain insight on such factors. The objective of the research is to gain insights on factors that affect such reports. The findings showed consistent evidence supporting the theoretical model. They also showed how AC and IA simultaneously and partially impacted the quality of financial statements (QFS). AC and IA directly or indirectly affect the quality of the financial statement. They also have indirect effects through CG and EA in enhancing the quality to 77%.

This research was conducted in KAP Kurniawan, Kusmadi and Matheus, which aims to analyse the suitability of audit planning of financial statement by KAP Kurniawan, Kusmadi and Matheus with the audit planning of financial statement based on the Professional Standard of Public Accountant (SPAP). Research method that used is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach and the type of data used is primary data and secondary data. Primary data is collected through interviews, while secondary data by collecting audit planning of financial statements documents in KAP Kurniawan, Kusmadi and Matheus. The results of this research show that the audit planning of financial statement by KAP Kurniawan, Kusmadi and Matheus in accordance with the audit planning of financial statement based on SPAP issued by Institute of Public Accountants of Indonesia (IAPI). The advice given to KAP Kurniawan, Kusmadi and Matheus is always implement audit plan in accordance with SPAP because a good audit planning will improve audit quality.

A financial statement's integrity is the extent to which the financial statements presented show accurate and honest information. The research objective was to analyze the effect of the independent commissioners, audit committee, audit quality, and leverage on financial statement integrity in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study will also examine firm size variables used as moderating variables in the research model. The population in this research are banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2015 to 2019. The method used in determining the sample is a purposive sampling method based on specific criteria and selected as many as 31 companies. The total of observations used was 155 observations. The type of data used is secondary data. Data analysis techniques used are Panel data regression analysis with multiple regression test and moderating interaction Test with the help of Eviews. The results of this study indicate in alpha five percent (0.5%), audit committee, audit quality, and leverage have a significant positive effect on financial statement integrity. In contrast, independent commissioners have no significant effect on financial statement integrity. The results of this study also show that firm size can moderate the impact of the audit committee and audit quality on financial statement integrity. However, firm size cannot moderate the effect of independent commissioners and leverage financial statement integrity. Keywords: Independent Commissioners, Audit Committee, Audit Quality, Leverage, Financial Statement Integrity.

Financial Statement Fraud ialah penyajian salah secara sengaja dilakukan di laporan keuangan agar bisa menipu para pengguna laporan keuangan. Rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini yaitu apakah pengaruh External Pressure, Quality of External Auditor, Audit Opinion, Change of Director, dan Frequent Number of Ceo’s Picture terhadap financial statement fraud dalam perspektif Fraud Pentagon pada perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2016-2018. Dimana peneliti ingin mengetahui pengaruh External Pressure, Quality of External Auditor, Audit Opinion, Change of Director, dan Frequent Number of Ceo’s Picture terhadap financial statement fraud dalam perspektif Fraud Pentagon. Penelitian dilakukan pada perusahaan Perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2016-2018. Sampel yang digunakan sejumlah 41 perusahaan selama 3 tahun penelitian yang menjadi 123 perusahaan selama 3 tahun di Bursa Efek Indonesia, dengan metode purposive sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan ialah uji regresi berganda.. Berdasarkan hasil analisis uji regresi berganda, detemukan bahwa variabel external pressure berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap financial statement fraud. Selanjutnya variabel Quality of External Auditor dan Audit Opinion tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap financial statement fraud. Change of Director berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap financial statement fraud. Sedangkan, Frequent Number of Ceo’s Picture tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap financial statement fraud. External pressure mengindikasikan bahwa apabila perusahaan melakukan external pressure hal tersebut akan mempengaruhi terjadi nya financial statement fraud. Quality of External Auditor dan Audit Opinion mengindikasikan bahwa apabila perusahaan melakukan Quality of External Auditor dan Audit Opinion sekalipun tidak akan mempengaruhi tindakan financial statement fraud dalam suatu perusahaan. Change of Director mengindikasikan bahwa pergantian direktur dalam suatu perusahaan memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap kinerja perusahaan maupun tindakan financial statement fraud. Frequent Number of Ceo’s Picture mengindikasikan bahwa dengan adanya foto CEO yang sering dipajang pun tidak akan mempengaruhi tindakan financial statement fraud dalam suatu perusahaan.

This review paper aims to determine the potential impact of Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance (ESG) factors on an audit of a financial statement. For this reason, a triangle of implications has been proposed, i.e., for: (1) audit clients whose business activity is reflected in a financial statement; (2) a financial statement; and (3) audit firms which perform an audit. The evidence represents a collection of a) scientific articles, b) publications offered by professional accounting bodies and consulting firms, and c) relevant standards and legal regulations. The paper finds that ESG has become a factor which must be considered, and the financial world will face multiple changes. For audit clients, the critical aspect will be ESG integration with a business model. Financial reporting will evolve under Exposure Drafts IFRS S1 and IFRS S2. A financial statement will require in-depth knowledge about existing accounting standards to reflect the financial implications of ESG-related products and transactions. Moreover, there is a distinction between “financial audit” and “ESG assurance” in audit and assurance services. However, some ESG-related risks and matters may be considered in the financial audit cycle. The paper’s findings are significant from the scientific research perspective as only a few studies contribute to ESG and auditing. The article also provides some practical implications that might be important for audit clients, firms, and regulators.

This paper examines the effect of auditor switching and financial distress on financial statement fraud with audit report lag as the intervening variable. This research used 26 fraud companies and 45 non-fraud companies listed by Indonesia Stock Exchange that break the article VIII.G.7 and IX.E.2 issued by Financial Services Authority in 2020. This quantitative research used Partial Least Square (PLS) with WarpPLS 7.0 tools. We conclude that financial distress and audit report lag directly affect Financial Statement fraud. It also shows that audit report lag partially mediates the relationship between financial distress and financial statement fraud

This study aims to develop prior empirical model research of factors influence toward fraudulent financial statement and determine some element of fraud triangle that are financial stability, Leverage , ineffective monitoring and one element of Good Corporate Governance that is independent audit committee influence to fraudulent financial statement. This research topic is important because investors need earnings information as a basic for making investment decision and fraudulent financial statement may affect quality of earnings information received by investors. Data obtained from financial statement of mining company period 2011-2015, data were analyzed with multiple linier regressions with 150 samples collected by purposive sampling technique. Then the authors used Micro soft Excel and SPSS version 24 for processing and analyzing samples. The results showed only financial stability that has a significant influence on fraudulent financial statement, while Leverage, ineffective monitoring and independent audit committee partially has not significant influence toward fraudulent financial statement.

Financial information which very useful for the investor contained in financial statement which cause the financial statement must be done in timely manner. OJK (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan), an organization which have authorization and legal right on Indonesian stock market require that financial statement must be submitted no later than the end of third month from the latest reporting date. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of profitability, leverage, Accountant Public Firm’s reputation, audit opinion towards audit delay. Profitability in this research was measured by Return On Asset (ROA). Leverage was measured by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER). Purposive sampling method was used to determine research sample which result 24 companies which classified in infrastructure, utility and transportation sector listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2012-2014. Data was analyzed by using multiple regression analysis. The research result shown that profitability partially has significant effect towards audit delay. Whereas, leverage, accountant public firm’s reputation and auditor’s opinion has not significant effect towards audit delay. Profitability, leverage, accountant public firm’s reputation and audit opinion simultaneously has significant effect towards on audit delay. Keywords: KAP reputation, audit delay, audit opinion, profitability

Subject. This article deals with the matters related to the audit of financial statements. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the procedure for the study of financial and economic transactions in order to ensure compliance with legal documents regulating accounting and financial reporting. Methods. For the study, we used a comparative analysis, systematization, induction and deduction. Results. The article clarifies the objectives of financial statement audit, including verification of compliance of financial and economic transactions with the relevant regulations of the Russian Federation, as well as procedures for planning and documenting audit of financial statements based on the requirements of the International Standard on Auditing 250 (ISA 250) (revised). It also identifies problematic issues in the content of ISA 250 and formulates certain proposals to clarify it. Conclusions and Relevance. The article concludes that both the global and Russian audit practices require a thorough review of compliance of activities and financial reporting with the regulations in order to achieve the audit goal. The results presented can be applied in both audit theory and practice.

The effect of financial stability, financial targets, level of performance, asset turnover ratio, audit committee's financial expertise, and profitability to fraudulent financial statement. Essay. Tegal : Faculty of Economics and Business. Pancasakti University Tegal 2018. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence and to analyze the effect of financial stability, financial targets, level of performance, asset turnover ratio, audit committee's financial expertise, and profitbility to fraudulent financial statement which measured using fraud score model (F-Score). The data in this research uses secondary data which form the company's financial statement and annual report. The population in this study are all companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange in period 20142017. This study uses purposive sampling method to select sample from the population and obtained sample of 28 companies of consumer goods industries. The methode of data analysis is performed with classic assumption test, descriptive statistics analysis and hypothesis tested by multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS version 23. The results of this study shows that the financial targets and level of performance significantly to the fraudulent financial statement, however the financial stability, asset turnover ratio, audit committee’s financial expertise, and profitability is not significant to the fraudulent financial statement. Financial stability, financial targets, level of performance, asset turnover ratio, audited financial audit, and profitability simultaneously have a significant effect on fraud financial statements.