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1

Rambo, Jack (Jack Howard). "Alternative Funding Models for Financing Construction of Public School Facilities and Debt Retirement". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279337/.

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The main purpose of this study was to examine the various finance models that are presently being used to finance facilities and to provide information for the Texas legislature, the Texas Education Agency, and local school districts concerning facilities funding models that might be used in Texas. Based on the information gathered and analyzed, several conclusions are drawn and recommendations regarding state funding of capital projects in the State of Texas are made. The model recommended for Texas is one that provides for an equalized grant and includes formulas for the distribution of state money.
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2

Jensen, Michael C. "Regulation and Energy Poverty in the United States". DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6902.

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Energy poverty is a topic often neglected in the discussion about global climate change. Apocalyptic prophecies about the negative future effects of climate change ignore the suffering of people around the globe whose lives could be drastically improved with access to reliable sources of energy. Though energy poverty from a global perspective is much more serious than energy poverty from a domestic perspective, high home energy bills are a serious cause for concern for many Americans. This research examines the relationship between regulation, the prices of electricity and natural gas, and the household energy burden, which is the ratio of household energy expenditures to household income. Where the household energy burden exceeds six percent of household income, households are at the brink of living with a high household energy burden. High household energy burdens can become a generational poverty trap, so understanding what contributes to a high household energy burden may help decision makers determine how to proceed when shaping energy-related and poverty-related policy.
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3

Chhun, Sereyrithy. "Key complex issues impacting public private partnerships for transportation renewal projects in the United States". Thesis, Colorado State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1564437.

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Highways have become a symbol of modern America (Levinson, 2004), and infrastructure investment plays a pivotal role both in short-term and long-term economic growth and in job creation. In the US, it represents 16% of the gross national product, and every dollar of public investment in highways has a net rate of return of 22 cents, and every billion dollars of federal highway investment generates 47,500 jobs (AASHTO 2003). In response to the inabilities to raise government revenues in the US, aging infrastructure systems, and high construction and O/M costs, infrastructure development has steadily become a collaboration work between the public and private sector. In liberalized infrastructure markets, various governance structures are being tested for application of public-private partnerships (PPPs or P3s) strategies in infrastructure development (Estache, 2004).

This thesis aims to review the key complex PPP issues in transportation renewal projects in the US that adopt PPPs. While PPPs can be applied to a range of agreements, the PPP projects to be studied and analyzed in this paper will be limited to those involving complex financing, design, construction and long-term operation and maintenance of transportation infrastructure of at least 10 years. These issues are examined in the context of six case studies in six different state across the US by means of interview and archival record. Findings resulting from this work suggested that PPPs have been increasingly implemented by departments of transportation in the US as a mean to tape into private resources. In addition, this research identified four key complex PPP issues in transportation projects as such Economic issue, Procurement issue, Risk Issue, and Governance issue. States have established a dedicated organizational unit to facilitate the use of PPPs, for example High Performance Enterprise (HPTE) in Colorado and Innovative Project Delivery Division in Virginia, but there exist no standards or best practices in the United States for procurement, concession terms, or risk-sharing.

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4

Hughes, Mary F. "Multivariate analysis of equity in public elementary and secondary school finance". Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08252008-162024/.

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Deal, Keren H. "An examination of municipal finance reform regarding municipal bankruptcies in the United States". Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/07M%20Dissertations/DEAL_KEREN_35.pdf.

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James, Glenn W. "A comparison of expenditure patterns in public two-year colleges with declining, steady, or increasing budgets". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39775.

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This study was designed to contribute to the development of internal allocation models by selecting basic concepts from external allocation models and examining for the presence of these concepts in the actual internal allocation activity of public two-year colleges. First, this study examined whether there was a significant difference in the way that public two-year colleges with declining, steady, or increasing budgets apportioned their funds in each of six major expenditure categories during the period of 1977-78 through 1985-86. The six major expenditure categories are instruction, academic support, libraries, student services, institutional support, and operation and maintenance of plant. The source of institutional data was the Higher Education General Information Survey conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics. The 460 colleges in the sample were assigned to groups according to budget change: growth, stasis, or decline. The following dependent variables were identified for each of the six major expenditure categories: (a) category expenditures (b) percentage of educational and general (E&G) expenditures apportioned to the category, and (c) category expenditures per full-time-equivalent student (FTES). A two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures on one factor was used to test for differences in the mean expenditure measures among budget groups, across years, and for the interaction of group and year. Concepts derived from external allocation models then were used to explore the results of the data analysis. Application of these concepts suggested that, regardless of budget group, funds were allocated to both instruction and academic support through use of a model incorporating a percentage of E&G expenditures for variable cost. Student services and operation and maintenance of plant appeared to be operating under a model with a per-FTES component for variable cost. Libraries and institutional support, however, appeared to be operating under models that were not examined in this study or for which techniques used herein were not adequate.
Ed. D.
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7

Dawson, Christina M. "Public school finance programs in the southern region of the United States: 1986-87". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49841.

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This study describes the current status of the state aid programs in the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) membership: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. The financing of educational programs in the SREB states in 1986-87 was compared to the financing of educational programs in 1978-79. When making decisions concerning funding and program design for public elementary and secondary education systems, state legislators and education interest groups often compare the information available from other states to the proposals for their particular state. If other states have enacted similar proposals or have considered them and not implemented them, the inquiring state will use this information to guide the decision-making process. American Education Finance Association (AEFA) members physically located in the states were recruited to provide a detailed description of their respective public school finance programs. When AEFA members were not available, the chief school officer was asked to provide the description. The information in the descriptions was verified by each state’s school finance office. A portion of the funds supporting change efforts flowed through traditional school finance formulae. Many of the states expanded basic funding and categorical programs. Much of the funding for new efforts was allocated outside of the equalization formulae used to provide the bulk of school support.
Ed. D.
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8

Schmielau, Robert E. "Equality and liberty in state policy for the funding of school capital expenditures". Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1167799.

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The primary purpose of this study was to determine provisions for equality and liberty for the funding of school capital expenditures in each of the 50 states. More specifically, the following issues were analyzed: (a) the extent to which state policies provide equality in funding school facility construction, (b) the extent to which state policies provide local boards liberty in decisions on funding school facility construction, and (c) categorization of the 50 states with respect to provision of liberty and equality for capital outlay funding. A descriptive database of the capital outlay funding systems for each of the 50 states was developed.A descriptive survey research procedure was used. Data were collected from August through November 1999 using a survey instrument developed by the author. Usable data were received from all states.States were categorized as high, moderate, or low with regard to their potential to achieve funding equality and liberty for local districts. Only one state, Hawaii, ranked low in liberty; however, 18 states ranked low in equality. Six states ranked high in both liberty and equality.The following conclusion were formulated: (a) states that continue to rank low in equality are likely to face future litigation; (b) the courts have tolerated some degree of inequality to preserve liberty; (c) politics and not economics often determined how state legislatures responded to equality concerns; (d) differences among the states are far greater with respect to equality than they are with respect to liberty; (e) many states will continue to experience considerable conflict over funding school construction because of the inevitable tensions between liberty and equality.Further study was recommended in both the 18 low equality states and the six states that ranked high in both equality and liberty. The purpose should be to identify legal, political, and economic variables that affected school construction finance policies in those states.
Department of Educational Leadership
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9

Bosso, Doran Joseph. "Effectiveness of Contemporary Public-Private Partnerships for Large Scale Infrastructure in the United States". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32032.

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Increasingly, states are relying on creative financing and asset management to maintain and improve the nationâ s transportation infrastructure since budgetary challenges constrain potential options. One method of tapping into alternative sources of capital is the public-private partnership (PPP or P3). A public-private partnership is a long-term contractual agreement in which the public sector authority assigns a traditionally public responsibility (such as operations and/or financing) to the private sector participant, in hopes of achieving mutual benefit. First employed in the contemporary era in the late 1980â s by California and Virginia, the public-private partnership has continued to become a more popular delivery method. A thorough review of the literature on the subject reveals both academic and institutional material covering a wide variety of P3 topics. Garvinâ s (2007) P3 Equilibrium Framework supplemented the current body of knowledge by building upon past research to better analyze the performance of existing and proposed PPPâ s or serve as a resource when developing future projects. The Framework allows the user to assess a project or program and determine its potential for producing desirable results. This research utilizes case studies to gain further insight into P3 projects and programs, as well as the performance of the original P3 Equilibrium Framework. The cases include the evolution of legislation in California and Virginia, and four projects that resulted from these programs: the State Route 91 Express Lanes, Dulles Greenway, Pocahontas Parkway, and failed I-81 Improvement proposals. Application of the original framework to the case studies led to several refinements. The changes provide more comprehensive appraisal mechanisms and improve the applicability and consistency of the P3 Equilibrium Framework. In addition, the concept of â tensionâ is introduced, which in effect is a means of describing the stress between the interested parties of a P3 arrangement. Ultimately, the revised Framework helps to structure perspectives of P3 arrangements and is underpinned by the notion that these strategies must balance the interests of society, the state, industry, and the market for ultimate success.
Master of Science
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10

D'Sylva, Ashley Paul 1969. "Examining resource allocation within United States public Research I universities: An income production function approach". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288841.

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In the past 10 years, state financial support for public universities has declined, when measured as a proportion of current-fund revenues. Whether in response to this decline or to satisfy other ends such as personal utility and prestige enhancement, universities and their faculty have sought alternative sources of revenue, mostly through increased research grants and contracts and student tuition and fees. The effects of these revenue changes are observed in the primary operating units of universities, academic departments, which serve as the primary focus of this study. These changes have promoted concern in recent years that public research universities devote too much of their scarce resources to research at the expense of teaching. Specifically, concerns over teaching productivity and quality abound, especially at the undergraduate level. These concerns have been explained theoretically in terms of faculty preferences to perform research and research-related tasks, over undergraduate instruction--The Economic Theory of the Firm; and in terms of the increasing influence of providers of external revenues upon the behavior of the institutions--Resource Dependency Theory. These two frameworks are used to examine whether changes in departmental revenue support patterns affect undergraduate education at major public research universities. To test the theories, departmental instructional and research productivity data from the 1994 and 1996 American Association of Universities Data Exchange (AAUDE) are examined. This sample data contains information on 8 public Research I universities, 200 departments, and 1000 data points for 1994, and 6 public Research I universities, 134 departments, and 680 data points for 1996. Seemingly Unrelated Regressions and Piecewise Linear Regressions, following a semi-log specification, are used to estimate the rate of return to instructional productivity, research productivity, and departmental quality, within the income production function of the departments. The primary finding was that although some shifts in resource allocation were observed to move in a direction that potentially favored research-related endeavors, i.e., graduate instruction and departmental quality, instruction, overall, was most greatly rewarded in the allocation process, and undergraduate instruction more so than graduate instruction.
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11

Urso, Philip G. "Analysis of characteristics in the defense supplemental appropriation". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FUrso.pdf.

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Merriman, Douglas Arthur. "Cyclical Economic Impacts on Aggregated Fiscal Imbalance Levels in the United States". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/239.

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Cyclical Economic Impacts on Aggregated Fiscal Imbalance Levels in the United States by Douglas A. Merriman MSM, University of Maryland University College, 2004 BS, Central Washington University, 1983 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Applied Management and Decision Science Walden University July 2015 The impacts of cyclical economic volatility on state-level fiscal imbalance levels have gained attention, given that beginning in late 2007, the United States experienced the deepest and longest-lasting recession in its history. The problem addressed by this study was whether there was a statistically significant relationship between certain economic factors and fluctuations in state-level fiscal imbalance levels in the U.S. during the period 2000 to 2010. The purpose of this study was to evaluate relationships between certain economic factors and state-level fiscal imbalance levels in the 48 contiguous U.S. states, and to assess how the presence and relational strength of these relationships varied during an economic cycle. Musgrave's theory of public economy, Oates's fiscal federalism theory, and Buchanan's fiscal imbalance theory served as the theoretical foundation. This longitudinal, time-series-cross-sectional study used multiple linear regressions to assess the relationships between the federal agency-provided datasets of unemployment, age, per capita income, poverty, entrepreneurial activity, gross state product, and the levels of fiscal imbalances in the 48 contiguous U.S. states during the period of 2000 to 2010. The study results provided evidence that the set of independent variables explained a significant amount of the overall fluctuation in fiscal imbalance levels from 2000 to 2010, and that the independent variables of unemployment rate, percent of population under the federal poverty level, and gross state product were related to fiscal imbalance levels with varying degrees of statistical significance and strength from one year to the next. The implication of the study for social change is that policy makers who understand these relationships may construct better policies to mitigate fiscal imbalance volatility and to encourage state-level fiscal equivalence across the United States.
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13

TOCZKO, LESLIE JOSEPH. "AN ANALYSIS OF ENROLLMENTS AND STATE APPROPRIATIONS IN PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188079.

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The relationship between FTE enrollments and state appropriations to public four-year colleges and universities is a fundamental issue basic to numerous institutional and state policy decisions. Yet, the relationship is obscure and may have changed during the period from 1965 to 1982. Data for this dissertation were obtained from three sources. Enrollment data were obtained from the Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) information as edited and entered onto computer data tape by the Center for the study of Higher Education (CSHE) at the University of Arizona. Appropriations data were obtained from the annual issues of M. M. Chambers' Appropriations of State Tax Funds for Operating Expenses of Higher Education as edited and entered onto computer data tapes at the CSHE. Variations in the reporting of these sources were obtained through a mail survey instrument. Appropriations data were adjusted for inflation using the national and regional Consumer Price Indices (CPI). The appropriations data were corrected so that all states are reported consistently for (1) tuition, (2) employee benefits, and (3) capital equipment. The edited enrollment and the corrected appropriations data were then regressed for two time periods (1965-77 and 1977-82). The results determined the nature of change in the enrollment/appropriation relationship over time. The results show that there does appear to be a relationship between enrollments and appropriations which is stronger for certain types of institutions. Nationally, the relationship in mean constant dollar appropriations per FTE enrollments has not undergone any radical changes. However, the slopes of the regression lines have undergone statistically significant changes from period 1 (1965-66 to 1976-77) to period 2 (1977-78 to 1982-83). Yet the regression coefficients did not decline in a major way over time for the national sample, for institutions by Carnegie Classification System or by state. Wide ranges of difference were found to exist among states. However, a considerable majority of 35 states and most Carnegie classification institutions did not demonstrate a significant change in the amount of constant dollar or adjusted funding per FTE student over time.
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Pryor, Lindsi M. "A study of relationship management techniques used during a stadium construction's social drama". Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1355254.

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This study examined public relations in the context of sports to better understand the relationship management methods used during an issue to provide conclusions for how public relations can be applied to develop, improve, and maintain relationships between a team and its community, particularly during an issue.Using a content analysis, this study reviewed relationship management literature and applied strategies of relationship management to stages of Turner's (1974) social drama. The content analysis of 454 news articles revealed that although relationship management strategies were identifiable, they were not significantly utilized by franchises and supporters. The lack of relationship management techniques could be used to explain why the franchise-community relationship was unstable throughout the social drama and why the social dramas lasted longer than the sports franchises anticipated. It also supports public relations researchers who argue for the use of public relations management techniques during conflict in order to build and maintain relationships between an organization and their publics.
Department of Journalism
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Emler, Jay Scott. "How to fund homeland security without federal dollars : state and local funding of homeland security initiatives in light of decreased support by the federal government /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Sept/08Sep%5FEmler.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security And Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2008.
Thesis Advisor(s): Bellavita, Christopher. "September 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 3, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-84). Also available in print.
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Qureshi, Zaina Parvez. "Market Discontinuation of Pharmaceuticals in the United States". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250572741.

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Santos, Jose Luis Solano. "Resource allocation within United States public research I universities: Income production function and socially constructed decision-making approaches". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290081.

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In the past 15 years, state financial support for public universities has declined, when measured as a proportion of current-fund revenues while expenditures, in the same time period have risen dramatically. In this mixed methods study, several theories were used to explain patterns of university resource allocation: The economic theory of the firm , resource dependency theory, rational/political and critical/political. The research combines d'Sylva's (1998) and Volk's (1995) work and considers, by measuring directly the role of administrators who have budget authority, the impact of the socially constructed production function. The study uses d'Sylva's work extensively in order to create the baseline econometric analysis by including the relevant variables. In addition, the study adds to the existing body of knowledge by providing a broader understanding of production functions that encompasses the role of the socially constructed production function by key administrators who have budget authority. To test and explore the theories, departmental instructional and research productivity data from the AY 1999 American Association of Universities Data Exchange are examined. The quantitative data sample consisted of 10 major public Research I universities and 152 departments. OLS and GLM regressions, following a semi-log specification were employed to estimate the rate of return to instructional productivity, research productivity, and departmental quality. The qualitative sample consisted of six administrators with budget authority from one Research I university. A thematic analysis technique was employed in order to identify salient themes related to internal resource allocation. Significant findings are that undergraduate instruction and departmental quality yield high returns to departmental earnings. Cross-subsidization exists and some departments within fields enjoy "halo effects" above and beyond their productivity and merit. In describing the socially constructed nature of such difference, one dean is cognizant that his college is very productive and efficient delivering "cheap" instruction, yet it is penalized in the allocation formula. Similarly, another dean is very aware that his college has large numbers of women and minorities that help in the "coloring" of the university, and that disadvantages his college in the allocation formula.
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18

Michener, Olivia H. "A national survey of school board members views on retrenchment in public school budgets". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38532.

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Wilson, Andrew Jonathon. "Comparative Political Corruption in the United States: The Florida Perspective". Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4613.

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Political corruption is a cancer - a malignant phenomenon that affects every political system and every person in the world. Corruption undermines the very fabric of society and the faith of people in their government. It makes goods more expensive, stymies development in developing nations, and it makes both the United States and the world a more dangerous place. Because of its negative effects and universality, corruption should be studied. Its study leads to greater understanding, the discovery of effective approaches to prevention, and restored faith in political systems. Its study also illuminates and breaks down barriers to effective government while empowering officials who put constituents before themselves to act. In this analysis, modern literature and analyses are examined to gain better understanding of the nature and wider study of corruption, rankings of the American states are analyzed and a meta-study completed to rank the states along broader criteria, and one particular state - Florida - is examined closely as a case study in political corruption. Why Florida? Florida is the fourth largest state in the United States, has a racially and socioeconomically diverse population, and the highest number of convictions for corruption of any other state for the last decade. The result of this study is a deeper insight into political corruption as a field of study, better understanding of defining and measuring political corruption, and potential policy remedies to reduce it. The results come with implications for a wide variety of academic fields with vested interest in the study of political corruption along with nonacademic audiences seeking to rid themselves of this cancer of government.
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20

Henry, Elizabeth H. (Elizabeth Henderson). "The Relative Value and Importance of Perceived Benefits of Active Foundations of Public Community Colleges in the United States". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330623/.

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The problem of this study was the relative value and importance of perceived benefits of active foundations of public community colleges. The purposes were to identify a list of benefits; determine the importance of these benefits as perceived by presidents and foundation executive directors; assess the degree to which the level of importance of the benefits was affected by college or foundation demographics or foundation executive director characteristics; and to determine if presidents and foundation executive directors differ in their perceptions of the importance of the benefits. Survey instruments were mailed to presidents and foundation executive directors of colleges determined to have active foundations. Both instruments contained seven categories listing potential benefits to the community colleges of an active foundation. The foundation executive directors' instruments also requested college and foundation demographic data. Respondents were asked to rate the benefits according to their level of importance. Analysis of variance tests were performed to determine whether the categories of benefits were affected by any of the demographic data, when a level of significance emerged, a Scheffe' test was performed to determine the source of significance. Major findings were that the most important single benefit to the community colleges of active foundations is the provision of student scholarships. The "Public Relations/Political Influence" role of the active foundation is the most important category of benefits. The more fund-raising activities held and the greater the amount of contributions, the more positively community college administrators felt about the role of their active foundations in terms of external relations. Highly experienced foundation executive directors were more positive about the importance of the public relations role of their active foundations than were their inexperienced counterparts. The major conclusion of this study was that community colleges benefit from having active foundations, both monetarily and through the role of the foundation in enhancing the college's image.
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Boorn, Mary L. "The Evolution of Tax Increment Finance (TIF) Policy: A Study of TIF Adoption and Implementation across the United States". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470754558.

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Bigham, Joshua D., i Thomas R. Goudreau. "Return on investment in the public sector". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1317.

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Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited.
In an environment of scarce resources and rising federal deficits the people not only expect, but demand greater accountability for the spending of public funds. This demand has created a trend in the public sector, not only in the United States, but worldwide as well, towards the importation of private sector business practices to improve accountability-oriented analysis. One example is increased emphasis on return on investment (ROI) analysis in public sector organizations. Development and application of ROI analysis is challenging in the public sector since most government organizations do not generate profit necessary for calculation of ROI in the manner in which it is done in the private sector. This thesis develops the methodology necessary for use of ROI analysis in the public sector. ROI methodology is applied for test evaluation with the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR) in San Diego. The test demonstrates that ROI can be applied successfully to assess the relative efficiency of value-added work and to improve the process of choosing between investment alternatives. Properly designed ROI analysis reveals how and for what goods and services money is spent and provides a means for comparing the value derived from investment and work performed.
Lieutenant, United States Navy
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Johnson, Jackie Juanita. "A profile of selected high- and low-performing nonprofit foundations in public community, technical, and junior colleges in the United States". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49802.

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The purpose of the study was to determine whether effective (high-performing) and less effective (low-performing) foundations differ significantly in their organizational and operational characteristics. As a result of this study, the following questions were answered: (a) What are the organizational and operational characteristics of high- and low-performing foundations? (b) How do high- and low-performing foundations differ in organizational and operational characteristics? A survey was completed of a random sample of 400 presidents of public community, technical, and junior colleges to identify those colleges with affiliated non-profit foundations. Of the 400 colleges surveyed, 374 (93.5%) responded and 290 (77.5%) reported having a nonprofit foundation. Of the 290, 270 usable surveys were used to develop a mailing for the second survey.
Ed. D.
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Haines, Kelly. "The Social Bottom Line of Community Development Financial Institutions: What Facilitates or Inhibits the Uptake and Use of Meaningful Social and Community Impact Reporting?" PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3362.

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Businesses, governments and communities are increasingly interested in measuring the non-financial impacts of their activities and investments. This assessment often takes the form of measurement models that utilize a Triple Bottom Line (TBL) framework, namely looking at the areas ofthe environment, the economy, and the social simultaneously. Despite its many accounting flaws, more and more organizations adopt this philosophy by applying it literally in the form of impact reports. In this framework, the social dimension is the most challenging to measure. Because of its complexities, this aspect of TBL reporting has often been vague and lack rigor. The research question I am addressing is: what facilitates or inhibits the uptake and use of meaningful social bottom line reporting? From conducting case studies that include document analyses and in-depth open-ended interviews with key decision-makers of organizations in the Community Development Financial Institution industry (CDFI), I examined how and why these organizations effectively measure their social and community impact. Given that there are inherent flaws with the logic of the social dimension of Triple Bottom Line reporting but organizations nevertheless are using it, this study looked in-depth at Community Development Financial Institutions that utilize various measurement methods to assess their particular impact on the social dimension of communities. The struggles, experiences, processes and content of social bottom line reporting by CDFls revealed that their uptake and use is facilitated by being mission driven, having a compatible business model, and by demands from their stakeholders, funders, and regulation requirements. It is hindered by a lack of sufficient capacity, unclear social bottom line definitions, and a lack of embedded ness in their day to day operations.
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Longshore, Renee Michelle. "The rhetoric of state assessment: Educational politics in the public school system". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2721.

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In this thesis I explore the rhetoric behind the assessment push nation-wide and, particularly, in California. I take a close look at what politicians, educators, and citizens say about public education and their views of the current educational reform: whether they are speaking in support of or opposition to the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. I look specifically at the finances of public education in California, the impact and current outcome of NCLB, and propose new reforms as suggested by those intimately involved in education.
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26

Nukpezah, Julius Atsu. "The Adoption, Management, and Performance of Local Government Investment Pools: A Comparative Analysis of State Practices". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849621/.

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This dissertation examines the factors influencing a state’s decision to adopt a local government investment pool (LGIP), the institutional arrangements used in managing them, and the effect of the institutional types on LGIP performance. The dissertation extends the policy adoption theory with insights from investment theory to demonstrate that management credibility influences the likelihood of a state’s LGIP adoption. The study finds that the quality of financial management, the quality of professional leadership, proximate state neighbors who have previously adopted an LGIP, and economic factors determine a state’s proclivity to policy adoption. The dissertation also describes the institutional arrangements used in managing LGIPs and develops typologies based on their institutional arrangements. The dissertation compares LGIPs depending on the risk aversion of their institutional arrangements. The research extends the risk-return tradeoff in investment theory to LGIP institutional arrangements. The empirical findings show that LGIP institutional arrangement that has greater risk report higher performance. The dissertation also finds that competition in the LGIP market due to multiple vendors, and periods of economic recession account for higher performance because of higher risk-taking behaviors associated with them. This dissertation promotes public funds investment laws that emphasize prudent management of government finances and guides managers of the public purse on the types of institutional choices that optimize returns with minimal risk.
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27

Parraguez-Camus, Carla Fernanda. "Evaluating the injuries of neoliberalism in Chile, 1973-2015". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7928/.

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This study of the neoliberal experiment in Chile from 1973 to 2015 uses the social harm approach. It offers an alternative evaluation of the benefits and harms of the experiment, the ways in which Chileans understand its consequences and where the legitimacy of the model unravels. The study refines the conceptualisation and measurement of social harm, marrying the notion of harm with the Marxist theory of contradictions. The research design is multimethod, incorporating analysis of 59 semi-structure interviews with secondary quantitative data. The study captures and describes not only a wide array of harms and injuries in the reconfiguration of social dynamics under neoliberalism, but also investigates how these harms have been justified and challenged over time. The study finds that there are areas in which the model has brought benefits to Chileans, but these benefits are flawed. The study critiques the neoliberal conceptualisation of harms as the 'price worth paying' for social prosperity. It concludes that the 'winners' of the model are very few, while those harmed populate the Chilean social structure from top to bottom. This study argues for a normative scenario to move toward a less harmful society.
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Rich, James Joseph. "An Implementation Analysis of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986". PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1267.

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Implementation research, an area once largely ignored in favor of policy design and impact assessment, now constitutes a significant portion of the policy analysis literature. One of the key issues addressed by the theory building portion of that literature is the necessity of precisely identifying implementation variables, conditions, or actions that measurably contribute to the success or failure of implementation efforts over a broad range of policies and programs, and to then suggest some order of significance. In order to test the validity of a variable set proposed by the literature, a multivariate implementation model was employed as the basis of a case study designed to conduct both a process and impact analysis of the implementation of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (WRDA 86). Implementation of the WRDA 86 was selected for this research as it offered an opportunity to investigate implementation of a significant policy change in an established policy arena , the water resource development industry. Following ten years of failure to achieve agreement on an omnibus water resource appropriation, passage of the WRDA 86 was widely perceived to have signaled a new era of water resource development for the nation. It will likely be a period characterized by the transfer of the financial burden of planning, construction, and maintenance of water resource projects from the Federal government to the non-Federal sponsor/beneficiary. The transfer will be achieved by application of cost-sharing formulas contained in WRDA 86 and affirmed in subsequent biannual omnibus water resource development legislation. Cost-sharing and similar beneficiary-pay principles had long been considered as an efficient alternative to water resource programs which relied principally on Federal funding owing to the long held assumption that the benefit from such projects were so "widespread and general" as to be in the national interest. Incorporation of cost-sharing principles in water resource legislation ensured that appropriation language would require local project beneficiaries to assume a larger portion of project costs. In addition to the assumption that application of the principles would lead to economically efficient projects it was also argued that cost-sharing and increased local sponsor input would lead to smaller projects that better reflected local need, projects with greater emphasis on environmental concerns, and the construction of projects in stages or phases. The research proceeded with an implementation process analysis to test the model's assumption that specific variables or conditions may be identified as having the greatest significance in the achievement of successful implementation. Furthermore, the study attempted to determine whether identified groups at different "levels" of the implementation hierarchy would rank specified variables consistently or result in a finding that variable criticality rankings tend to reflect one's position within the hierarchy. Study outcomes did not confirm the model's assertion with respect to which variables were most critical. This finding may have reflected the fact that conditions thought to be most critical by the model, clear legal directives and legislation that reflects sound theory, were largely issues that had been thoroughly discussed and resolved prior to enactment of the legislation. Position within the hierarchy appeared to influence the rater's assignment of variable criticality though not to a statistically significant degree. The differences, however, were intuitively consistent and their basis supported by secondary survey data. This finding suggests that future implementation studies need to carefully examine the role of hierarchical position and intergovernmental interdependencies in theory development. With respect to the impact analysis, it was determined that cost sharing would have a demonstrable impact on resulting projects in a variety of areas. Future cost-shared water resource development projects will likely be smaller on average than past projects though the precise impact of cost-sharing is indeterminable. Projects may result in less impact on the environment but largely as a result of reduced size rather than the additional environmental input of local sponsors. Phased and staged construction of large projects will be more likely, particularly where project benefits and revenue streams may be partially captured by incremental construction.
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29

Holbrook, Ellenore. "Quiet Politics: Opposition movements and policy stasis surrounding the United States' financial industry". Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1492614098649269.

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30

Griffin, Catherine Rosarii. "The mediation of market-related policies for the provision of public second level education : an international comparative study of selected locations in England, Ireland and the USA". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:36b5b5cc-8e09-4c31-9a54-083e1c824d67.

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This thesis is entitled The Mediation of Market-Related Policies for the Provision of Public Second Level Education: An International Comparative Study of Selected Locations in England, Ireland and the USA. The two key words in this thesis title are 'mediation' and 'comparative'. The focus of this thesis is on the phenomenon of mediation. The market-related policies that are being examined in the light of mediation are choice policies or open enrolment policies for the provision of second level public schooling. However, this is not a thesis about school choice but rather on the factors and stakeholders that affect the mediation of a policy. As the focus is on mediation, and not on policy analysis, this study is therefore, of necessity, a qualitative one. The researcher used semi-structured interviews, combined with documentary evidence, to understand both the contexts and the interactions in which mediation of various kinds takes place. The second notable feature is that this study is a comparative one. The researcher chose three countries where market related policies were being implemented, albeit to different effect. The countries chosen were England, Ireland and the USA (Massachusetts). The comparative dimension enabled the researcher to challenge ethnocentric assumptions about the modus operandi of policy at the grass- roots level. In order to understand the operation of the market, the researcher selected comparable locations in all three countries. As 'markets' are intrinsically local, the researcher examined how policy is mediated at the local level. The three conurbations were selected on the basis of their comparability, none of which are capital cities. Research was conducted in all three locations in three separate phases: pre-pilot to ascertain their suitability; pilot work to prepare the groundwork and then the main study. In all, over sixty interviews were held at local, regional and national levels, although the focus was primarily on the local. Documentary sources were collected simultaneously. The analysis of the data was ongoing during the entire research process and progress was presented at conferences in the host research countries where useful feedback was obtained. The researcher used Bereday's comparative methodology and, by taking a factor approach, insights were gained into the cultures and contexts affecting the mediation of policy. The researcher hopes to add to comparative methodological theory through the use of multiple cross-national studies. The insights gained from the research questions: how, if at all, do the factors and stakeholders identified affect the mediation of policy, confirmed that this was indeed an area worthy of study. The outcomes, displayed in matrices in chapters 8 and 9, show that different combinations of factors affect how policies are mediated by the stakeholders and indirect factors involved in the immediate implementation of open enrolment policy. The cases also yielded idiosyncratic variants based on their particular educational histories and current circumstances. However, similar features were noted in all three countries in relation to enrolment issues. In brief, these were: increased political interaction at the local level; demographic changes on the rolls of high schools; de facto social segregation; differential funding mechanisms relating to enrolment; and different attitudes to public education on the part of interest groups in each location; and the significance of regulated space. This area is ripe for research, and there is a call in the literature for more in-depth analyses on such social interactions at the local level that affect different policy outcomes. It is hoped that this study will contribute to understanding the factors at work, both direct and indirect, which mediate policy in such a way that explain the potentially different outcomes of similar policies.
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31

Florence, Linda L. "School District Bond Campaigns: Strategies That Ensure Successful Outcomes". PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1847.

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When the polls close and the ballots are counted, the best sound is the roar of ecstatic cheering from delighted but exhausted campaign committee members. A bond campaign takes an inordinate amount of work, but the results are worth the effort when the campaign is managed in a systematic way. Districts can be successful bond recipients when they effectively market their schools to gain the support of their constituents. Public schools across the U.S. are in dire need of major repairs, remodeling, and rebuilding to meet the educational needs of students. Unfortunately, passing a school bond election is entrusted to school superintendents and other district leaders, who are often inexperienced and ill-prepared and have neither the time nor inclination to focus on tasks that take them far from their primary purpose of teaching and learning. Attaining voter support in a school bond election requires a thorough understanding of school and community issues. The literature review focuses on communication theory and research to garner support of school district's internal and external stakeholders. Communication is instrumental in passage of a construction bond election. This dissertation is theoretically grounded in problem-based learning and the research and development process. The tested product is a handbook for superintendents or other district-level administrators on strategies and practices that assist in passing a construction bond election. In the Preliminary and Main field tests, superintendents and other district leaders used the handbook in a workshop. Survey results provided summative data to assess the efficacy of the handbook and the workshop. Formative results also provided rich information to improve and revise the handbook and workshop.
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32

da, Silva Jose E. "Community College Student Retention and Completion based on Financial Expenditures and Hispanic-Serving Status". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984149/.

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Despite declining community college funding being allocated increasingly on the basis of student success, U.S. community college student retention and completion rates over the past decade have either remained steady or decreased, especially for Latino students. Using descriptive statistics and multiple regression models with secondary data procured from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), I analyzed student success rates—full time student retention and completion rates—based on community college financial allocations and Hispanic-serving institution (HSI) status. To equitably analyze community colleges in the sample (n = 909), I separated them into four groups based on institutional size as defined by the Carnegie Classification. Descriptive results indicated that instructional divisions spent an average of 43% of the college's total allocated budget—often more than three times the allocated budget of any other division. Regression results indicated that instructional expenditures had the most consistent impact on student success regardless of college size and that scholarship expenditures and academic support expenditures generally had a negative impact on student retention and completion rates. Regarding Latino student success in particular, findings indicated that the manner in which colleges allocated their funds impacted only small and medium-sized community colleges. Of the nine different types of institutional expenditures, only student services expenditures and public services expenditures had a statistically significant impact on Latino student success. Additionally regression analysis indicated that community college HSI status did not have a large impact on overall full-time student retention and completion rates but did have a significant impact on full-time Hispanic student retention and completion rates for all institution sizes. Findings of this study confirmed that HSI status does impact Latino student success in public community colleges. This finding is consistent with prior studies on the positive impact of instructional expenditures on student success rates. Further research on the specific elements within these expenditure areas is needed to capture how or why they are having this impact on student success. Current and prospective Latino students and their parents seeking to identify higher education institutions conducive to students' academic success should be aware of such findings as they conduct the college search process.
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33

Scaife, Wendy A. "Transforming human energy to power for change : development principles for charitable health organisations seeking to optimise community and other support of Australian medical science". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36364/1/36364_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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34

Groninger, Katherine R. "Museum accountability in Britain and America : ethical standards and fiscal transparency in the twenty-first century". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2593.

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This thesis examines the current state of nonprofit museum accountability in the United Kingdom and United States, assessing methods of achieving fiscal and ethical accountability, as well as the factors that have influenced museum codes and policies to that end. The recent development of museum accountability is couched in corporate culture, government influence, and public expectations, making it an interdisciplinary concern. Yet museum professionalisation, including codes of ethics, conflict of interest management, and agreed-upon standards, has received little attention from researchers. This study engages in empirical research to assess museums’ responses to recent regulations, their execution of governance accountability, and the application of internal controls and fiscal transparency measures. These subjects appraise ethical governance and board member duties, in addition to audit practices and best practice policies. Research reveals inadequacies in the museum accountability systems in both Britain and America. As case studies serve to demonstrate, opportunities remain for financial and ethical misconduct, which can damage the public trust in museums. This thesis is the first broad empirical study to explain museum accountability in Britain or America, collating data across the entire museum sector, creating an industry-wide national framework from the quantitative and qualitative findings. No research has reported on the implementation of best practice measures according to the private, public and third sectors, stakeholders, and by the museum industry itself. Ultimately, this thesis provides unique evidence previously lacking in both the UK and US museum sectors, making it possible to posit and assess specific museums against an accurate national accountability framework.
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35

Guo, Hai. "Setting Discretionary Fiscal Policy within the Limits of Budgetary Institutions: Evidence from American State Governments". Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24738.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Willoughby, Katherine; Committee Member: Eger, Robert; Committee Member: Kingsley, Gordon; Committee Member: Sjoquist, David; Committee Member: Wallace, Sally.
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36

Ikeda, Moss. "A national study of state and local fund input in public educational financing". Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9674.

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37

Hughes, Peter Mark. "An examination of subsidies provided by public universities to affiliated foundations". Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38191.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which public universities are providing subsidies to tax-exempt, non-profit, legally distinct corporations which serve as university-affiliated foundations. Specifically, this investigation sought to determine (a) the percentage of universities providing subsidies, (b) the types of subsidies provided, (c) the dollar value of subsidies provided by the universities, and (d) whether statistically significant differences exist among the categories of the value of the foundations' endowed funds, university size, and the amounts of foundation unrestricted and restricted expenditures with respect to the presence, type, and dollar ranges of subsidies provided by universities to their affiliated foundations. A survey instrument was developed for purposes of gathering data for this study. The accessible population surveyed consisted of all four-year public universities and colleges with an enrollment exceeding 2,500 full-time students which were members of the National Association of College and University Auditors. Of the selected sample size of 125, a total of 83 usable responses were received, resulting in a completion rate of 66 percent. Based on the results of the study, the following information was obtained: (a) 94 percent of the universities provided at least one type of subsidy to their foundations; (b) 73 percent of the universities provided staff and 80 percent of the universities provided office space to their foundation; (c) 50 percent of the universities provided subsidies of $50,000 or more, 33 percent provided $100,000 or more, and 20 percent provided $250,000 or more to their foundation; and (d) foundations that received the lowest subsidies (zero) had the highest means for endowment values, student enrollments, and expenditures.
Graduation date: 1990
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38

Potterf, Deana E. "Breast cancer campaigns and research funding : the perfect storm". 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1610822.

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Why does breast cancer receive so much more federal funding and fundraising efforts than other types of cancers, particularly lung cancer – the leading cause of cancer related deaths? This question is critical to public relations practitioners, in order to replicate or build on the success of breast cancer campaigns. This study was conducted in two parts. First, an Internet survey was distributed as a pilot study to examine public perceptions of cancer related issues. Next, depth interviews were conducted with 25 experts in the cancer field from across the nation. A comparison of pilot study results with actual statistics shows that breast cancer advocates are making a significant difference in people’s perceptions. Breast cancer advocacy campaigns are so pervasive, people don’t understand the significant numbers of other cancers that are diagnosed each year, as opposed to breast cancer. Interviews revealed that breast cancer awareness and funding have benefited from a perfect storm. According to interview participants, breast cancer advocacy may be attributed to: the feminist movement, the HIV/AIDS campaign, celebrity endorsers, and a passionate advocate named Nancy Brinker, who had just lost her sister, Susan G. Komen, to breast cancer. Screening and surgical technology also advanced at the right time, allowing breast cancer research funding and awareness to benefit from the perfect storm. It’s clear that Komen and other breast cancer advocates have made a huge impact on public perceptions of the disease and its research funding. Will other advocates be able to replicate it with the same degree of success, or will it take another perfect storm?
Department of Journalism
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39

Kim, Sung-Ju. "The impact of federal government welfare expenditures on state government expenditures and philanthropic giving to human service organizations (HSOs) : 2005-2006". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4523.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
A sizeable body of research has attempted to examine the interaction between government spending and private giving known as the crowd-out effect. Most researchers reported that increases of government spending cause decreases of philanthropic giving to different types of nonprofits. However, few studies have attempted to indicate the interaction between government welfare expenditures and private giving to human service organizations even though human service organizations are the most sensitive to the changes of government spending. Additionally, the estimated crowd-out effects with a simple crowd-out model have been criticized for potential endogeneity bias. This paper investigates the total effect of federal government welfare spending on state government expenditures and philanthropic giving to human service organizations (known as joint crowd-out). I used the 2005 wave of the Center on Philanthropy Panel Study (COPPS) to estimate the effect of federal human service grants on state government spending on, and donations to human services. From these reduced-form estimates I infer the levels of simple and joint crowd-out. I found that indicate federal spending on public welfare crowds out private giving to human service organizations while holding control variables constant in the donations equation. However, federal government spending on public welfare crowds in state government spending on public welfare.
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40

Jinkins, Larry E. "Foundations of youth sport complex development: commonly identified critical components for successful economic development". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/7945.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Indianapolis created a whole new city identity using sports development and sports tourism as the primary drivers of change in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Since then, other cities have adopted the philosophy of using sport as a catalyst to improve the economic conditions of the city. This same philosophy has seemingly trickled down to small cities across the United States in the form of youth travel sport complex development. The size of the youth travel sport segment has reportedly reached $7 billion by the National Association of Sports Commissions, resulting in the rapid development of youth sports complexes in small cities and towns. The size and scope of these facilities entering the segment range from 50 acres to as many as 400 contiguous acres costing millions of dollars. Additionally, the perceived economic impact accompanying the development of such facilities are often overinflated due to the diversity of methods used in market analyses, feasibility studies, economic impact analyses, cost-benefit analyses, and Turco’s triple-bottom-line analysis. A more systematic process is needed to assign key performance indicators and identify the critical components that will assist in the decision to enter the segment and at what capacity. This study is designed to identify the necessary critical components to reach the desired economic impacts associated with youth sport complex development. Qualitative constant comparative method of data analysis was utilized in identifying commonly identified critical components (CICC) believed to contribute to the success and sustainability of a youth sports complex.
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Follins, Craig Thomas. "An analysis of the expectations and actual experiences of students in welfare to work programs: a community college case study". Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1988.

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Coombs, Donald L. "The Ideology of Stadium Construction: A Historical Sociology Model of Power and Control". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/9878.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
The Ideology of Stadium Construction seeks to define the application of community power in the process of building sports stadiums. Using data culled from a literature review, this project examines the recent construction of sports venues and the political, economic, and social ideas driving their proliferation. A three dimensional approach to applied power provides a theoretical tool to illustrate and analyze the blueprint of stadium construction. Taking a more broad view of the culture of business in the United States suggests the public funding of stadium construction arching towards Antonio Gramsci’s sense of hegemony. Beyond attempting to merely define the political process driving stadium construction as a significant social problem, this project introduces potential alternatives to the organizational method currently in place.
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