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Mefidene-Sahel, Tassidit. "Effets du contexte plurilingue sur les pratiques didactiques en classes de langue étrangère en Algérie". Rennes 2, 2010. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/TheseMefidene.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research examines the role that the first "foreign language" , i. E. French , can play in the process of learning a second foreign language, i. E. English, in Algeria. The first part is devoted to describing the Algerian sociolinguistic and educational situation and the theoretical concepts that seem relevant to our work. The second part presents, in a first step, the investigation and the corpus used (teacher and student questionnaires, excerpts, interviews), and a second step, the analysis of our data in order to understand, on the hand, the perceptions that teachers and learners have about the languages they use, and on the other hand, the functions of language alternation in second foreign language classes. We show indeed, how learners resort systematically to languages alternation to indicate a moment of distress in their learning or to confirm understanding. The teachers themselves also have resort to language alternation to reach their educational goals either for developing language skills, or for the construction of communication skills. In our conclusion, we recommend the adoption of a contextualised multilingual perspective in a situation of language alternation because of its potential help for acquisition
Caldera, Sanchez Aïda. "Firms, technology and trade". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210079.
Pełny tekst źródłaChapter 1 of the dissertation is a step forward in understanding the externalities of foreign direct investments on the economic performance of domestic firms. During the late eighties and early nineties, Spain saw an upswing in foreign direct investments that placed the economic at the top of FDI recipients in Europe. To provide fresh insights into the firm-levels responses to FDI, Chapter 1 investigates the effects of foreign direct investment on the productivity of domestic firms within the same sector of activity as foreign firms, and whether FDI externalities differed depending on their level of technology. The empirical results show that foreign presence had an overall positive effect on the productivity growth of domestic firms. The gains were not, however, evenly distributed across firms. Firms closer to the frontier benefited more from FDI than firms far from the technology frontier.
A further integration of the world economy with new economic actors, like China and India, has highlighted the need for European firms to climb the quality ladder and shift towards high value added products and greater flexibility in delivering new products in order to survive new competitive threats. Chapter 2 is a theoretical and empirical examination of the role of innovation for the export activities of firms. The intuition is that firms through innovation enhance their access to foreign markets by improving cost competitiveness and the quality of products. The Chapter builds on previous literature to develop a trade model in which firms differ in their propensity to innovate and export based on their underlying productivity. The empirical results, in line with the theoretical model, suggest a positive effect of innovation on the probability of participation in export markets.
The innovative activities of firms may not only depend on their internal assets, but presumably also on their relations with other actors in the national innovation systems. To understand better the role of firms’ relations with the science sector, Chapter 3 turns to one of the major producers of knowledge –universities- and investigates the factors that contribute to the successful transfer of knowledge from universities to the market. The results from Chapter 3 show that universities with established technology transfer policies, procedures, and large and experienced technology transfer offices perform better.
Previous chapters demonstrate that innovation gives a competitive edge to firms exploring foreign markets. Chapter 4, which is joint work with economists from France’s central bank, investigates how credit market imperfections affect the expansion and survival of firms in foreign markets, which is essential for the design of policies stimulating aggregate trade and competitiveness. Chapter 4 develops a theoretical model to study the impact of credit constraints on the number of newly served export destinations by firms and their exits from the export market and tests it using French firm-level data. The results show that credit constraints negatively affect the number of newly created export relations and have a negative effect on the probability of exit from the export market.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Surcouf, Christian. "L'opposition Imparfait/Passé simple : approche théorique et application didactique par le film en français langue étrangère". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660876.
Pełny tekst źródłaCadalanu, Marie. "Le film musical français dans les années trenteconstitution d’un genre ?" Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN1037.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhile the vast majority of musical film critics consider only the Hollywood paradigm, there are other national traditions of musical cinema, to which critics often turn a blind eye because of incompatibility with this model. Indeed, French cinema of the thirties develops, for historical, cultural and technical reasons, a wealth of musical and singing films which do not fit with the Hollywood codes of the genre and which are characterized by outstanding inventiveness and richness. The present study aims to do justice to the specificity and the diversity of this corpus, by exploring the possibility of a generic approach analogous to that which the critical doxa applies to the Hollywood musical. The first part establishes the theoretical bases for the genre of French musical film, before offering a typology of the various trends in this national musical cinematography. The second part focuses on the importance of international exchanges in these productions, particularly through the practice of creating multiple versions. The third part focuses on the contemporary reception of these films, in order to assess the importance of a generic approach in the various discourses emanating from the production companies, critics and the public. Finally, the fourth part proposes how to go beyond the generic constraints in order to tackle to the unprecedented abundance of singing productions made during the decade
Prévoteau, Karine. "Relations internationales, politiques publiques, marché de l’Art et Essai, trois questions préalables pour une étude de la diffusion des inédits du Sud en salle en France de 1990 à 2007". Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030175.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe study of newly released films from the ‘South’ opens up interesting new perspectives for research in cinema studies. These films not only inform us about international relations, public policy and the art house cinema market in France but have also led to some original conclusions.This thesis is based on a study of 430 long feature films released in France between 1990 and 2007 from Subsaharan Africa, the MENA region, Iran, Central Asia, Asia and Latin America. In this dissertation, we propose:- an analysis of the construction of cultural diplomacy in the context of bilateral and multilateral foreign politics. This treatment operates at the levels of French and European politics and examines the place of cinema with respect to the agencies that finance film production [Fonds Sud, HBF, ACPFILMS…] as well as the larger context of external funding for audio-visual productions in general;- an assessment of the construction of public policy concerning film, with an examination of the successive strategies for coping with professional activities and the market. Here, we examine industrial relations and cooperative decision making as well as the reflections concerning the conception of cultural activity and, above all, art house cinema as a project, movement and system then later as a specialist form of production and distribution;- a study of the trajectories of a selected group of film cultures from the south. This study turns around two issues; the purported symmetry between the market of the country where the film is made and the French market as measured by production statistics [China, Iran, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico] and the question of ‘small cinemas’ [Tunisia, Lebanon, Morocco, sub-Saharan Africa]
Cornu, Jean-François. "Le doublage et le sous-titrage des films en France depuis 1931 : contribution à une étude historique et esthétique du cinéma". Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20054.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe generalisation of talking films in the late 1920s and early 1930s brought about a major change in the distribution of foreign films on the French market. The Hollywood majors led the way in exploring various options in order to maintain their domination on that market. During the first half of the 1930s, a powerful dubbing industry gradually developped in France with subtitling growing on a much smaller scale. Knowing how a dubbed or subtitled version is made is essential to any aesthetic appreciation of a dubbed or subtitled film. The aesthetic implications vary according to the period, the technique and the way translators or actors work. However, some constant features can be outlined : with dubbing, the soundtrack is partly or fully replaced ; with subtitling, the image is altered. Both methods imply a different treatment of the voice. In a dubbed version, a new voice is given to an unchanged character, in a reincarnation process ; in a subtitled version, the voice becomes visible through the subtitle, it becomes an image
Kim, Haeng-Sun. "Three Essays on Heterogeneous Firms, Financial Factors, and International Trade". Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0006.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis emphasizes the role of firm heterogeneity in financial factors and their impact on exporting decisions or off-shoring decisions, and apply it to three different issues : the relationship between firms' leverage and export market participation ; the differential impact of uncertainty on exporting decision in risk-averse and risk-taking firms ; and financial characteristics of firms and relocation choice. The first chapter introduces a financial dimension as an additional source of firm heterogeneity to understand export market participation and examines how the impact of leverage on firms' exporting decisions varies depending on financial constraints, using a panel of korean manufacturing firms over the period of 1994-2011. It shows that the financially-constrained and financially-unconstrained firms base their exporting decision on a different set of rules regarding the leverage. Second, most of the existing literature which examines the links between firm heterogeneity and entry into exporting rests on the assumption that firms are risk-neutral. The second chapter relaxes a strict assumption that firms are risk-neutral and intends to introduce firms' different attitudes towards risk as an additional source of firm heterogeneity. In particular, it examines how risk attitude changes the effect of uncertainty on firms' decision to export, considering two aspect s: firm-specific uncertainty and macroeconomic uncertainty. The third chapter pays attention that fdi can fuel international trade in complicated ways. It intends to consider firms' financial constraints and ownership status as an additional source of firm heterogeneity that impact their offshoring decision
Neb, Samouth. "Les zones franches et la stratégie d’insertion des investisseurs étrangers dans les pays en développement : le cas des zones économiques spéciales cambodgiennes". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20034.
Pełny tekst źródłaFree zones are a striking illustration of the opening of the world to the international trade. In the last four decades, tremendously increased, Free zones are not static phenomenon, but dynamic ones. The dynamic is in the sense of which their industrial activities are started from labor intensive industry to the most sophisticated activities. We propose a classification of free zones into four generations: 1st generation (free trade zones), 2nd generation (export processing zones and special economic zones), 3rd generation (services based zones) and 4th generation (science-based zones). Based on performance criteria in term of exportation and employment, four groups of countries were classified to design the level of development of free zones. The first two groups of countries, such as the Est and the South-Est Asian countries and Latin American countries, are considered as the most dynamic countries in term of free zones’ development. In fact, the most important zone is located in the countries where there are a strong industrial dynamics with participating actively to the international trade and to foreign firms’ strategy. Having invested in free zones, enterprises are totally foreign firms or Joint- venture. In this regard, firms installed in free zones could be: assembled factory, production factory, totally integrated factory. These firms aimed to supply the product to parent company or to sell the product to another enterprises or distribution companies as they are outsourcing. In this case, the firm’s strategic behaviors are considered as “verticals” or “global”. It’s not surprising that the free zones of 2nd generation are established in Cambodia at the stage of industrial development. The objective of the Royal Government of Cambodia is to exploit efficiently its comparative advantages (natural and artificial ones) and to catch its opportunities to the regional and global trade. Thus, the establishment of special economic zones (SEZ) shows the commitment of the government in the process of the export-led industrialization in Cambodia. The Cambodian SEZ provides two kinds of advantages : The non Cost advantages includes international market privileged access (to American and European market), the benefit of social label of Cambodian manufactured products and others Cambodian preferential trade agreements, which are considered as the most attractive factors of foreign direct investment to Cambodian SEZ. The Cost Advantages has a natural caracteristic (the abundance of labor forces at low cost) and artificial (better incentive measures and attractive policy). Based on theses advantages, the Cambodian SEZ could be developed in three phases: initial phase (assembly factory), second phase (production factory) and finally the third phase (totally integrated factory). In this context, the Cambodian SEZ could, at a complementary position with free zones of the South-East Asian region, be a privileged location of the labor intensive industries- textile, garments and electronic industry
Joyez, Charlie. "Heterogeneous Firms and Foreign Direct Investment Strategies". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED061/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis examines the role of firms´ heterogeneity in the Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) strategies. We already know firms’ heterogeneity to sharply distinguish between domestic firms, exporters and multinationals (MNEs). Yet, to what extent it impacts their foreign direct investments (FDIs) strategies among MNEs is rarely evoked, while several entry mode choices and FDI motives coexist. Mixing both theoretical and empirical innovating approaches using French firm-level data, the four chapters of this PhD dissertation reveal that the firm heterogeneity influences all of the three dimensions of strategies we review: foreign ownership mode, FDI motive and structure of the overall network of affiliates. Specifically, firm-level productivity and international experience foster deeper integration with a changing relative importance according to the host country. They are also associated with production motives and vertical integration into the global value chains. The more productive firms also display original affiliates’ network structure. These findings allow a better understanding of multinationals’ choices underneath the ``complex’’ global picture of FDI flows
Mouwahid, Soumia. "Impact de la télévision dans le processus d'acquisition du français langue étrangère par de jeunes élèves marocains de 10 à 13 ans : compréhension et restitution du film d'animation". Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H015.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur objects is to analyses the YV influence in the acquisition of the French foreign language by the young Moroccan pupils from 10 to 13 through the study of the impact of the animated cartoon. The Moroccan school TV didn't met a favorable echo from the pupils and also from the teachers while the general public TV always continued to monopolize the young people. So it's urgent to think about the means to bring them taking advantage of this tool by helping them to get it under control. From which, it is necessary to take into consideration the animated cartoon which is an important source of motivation for the school work. Our experience has consisted in compare two kinds of restitutions: the first restitution after the pupils saw the film without the sound and the second restitution after they saw the sound film. The result is that the acquisition of new lexemes isn't very easy even if the linguistic message leads to more informations in the second restitution. Beyond the question of comprehension, the problem is about the expression in foreign language. There’s no doubt that the YV and through it the animated cartoon, because of its attraction for the young people, has to be taken in consideration in the foreign languages'acquisition
Bensalk, Sana. "Les modes d'organisation de la production chez les firmes étrangères et leurs impacts sur les économies agricoles locales : le cas du secteur maraîcher au Maroc". Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NSAM0012/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaForeign firms with European capital in the vegetable sector in Morocco are developing in an environment marked by strong pressure on local resources, in the research of more competitive costs. Our study proposes a joint analysis of the production organization modes of foreign firms and their impact on the local agricultural economics. For our theoretical approach, this analysis is based on the theory of transaction costs, the literature on the economics and the welfare of households and the Jovanovic's model of firm growth. For our empirical approach, the primary data were collected through a qualitative survey with foreign firms and a quantitative survey with local farm households in Morocco. Our study reveals a diversity of production organization modes of foreign operators depending on the production and marketing specificities. These operators have different levels of implication in upstream. In fact, they have various direct relationships with local farm households through the inputs and outputs markets. Local households developed employments within FDI in the logics of income accumulation and risks minimizing related to their low farm incomes. These households affected income of these jobs to a reinvestment in agriculture or an improvement of their welfare. We show that the direct links of foreign firms with local households through the outputs market have positive effects on the growth of the domestic farms physical size, unlike their links through the labor and land markets. Our results confirm the theoretical predictions of the Jovanovic's model. The presence of FDI was associated with a diffusion of positive horizontal spillovers effects on the growth of local farms, located near the foreign firms, better endowed in technology and exporting firms. The social capital of local households and their location area have an important role in the growth of their land resources. Our study should be completed by impacts analysis of foreign firms on the labor force evolution of domestic farms
Cayet, Anne-Sophie. "La pratique philosophique avec des adolescents plurilingues : penser en langues dans une perspective interculturelle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2020. https://bsnum.sorbonne-nouvelle.fr/files/original/1338/6940/These_CAYET_2020.zip.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis action-research questions the didactics of interculturality and plurilingualism through an innovative intervention at school : philosophy workshops with allophone teenagers newly arrived in France. The existential experience of philosophical practice and its collaborative organization foster intercultural dynamics that transcend preconceived cultural models. This pedagogical approach considers young people as (thinking, acting, critical) subjects and contributes to their linguistic, educational, and social inclusion. Multimodal language mediations give symbolic access to the variability of world representations and emphasize the fundamental intraductibility of language. This observation implies considering the performative function of language, from a didactic point of view, while exploring the relations of meanings, through languages. The paradigm of intersectionality structures this research since we focus on what emerges at the crossroads of languages, thoughts et imaginaries. Philosophizing in languages, from an intercultural perspective, renders possible the collaborative invention of universal-singular thoughts and languages. The thesis proposes a humanistic and complex approach to the linguistic and socio-cultural creolization in educational settings and thus questions the ethical and socio-political dimension of the didactics of languages and cultures
Cezar, Vasconcellos Barros Rafael. "The effects of Financial & Institutional Systems on International Trade, Specialization and Foreign Direct Investment". Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957913.
Pełny tekst źródłaSami, Chehata Ayad Mina. "Stratégies de localisation et organisation des firmes multinationales en Europe". Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR1006.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe literature of foreign direct investment has been characterized by a significant progress in the last two decades. According to the World investment report (UNCTAD, 1998), different strategies are set by multinational firms in their internationalization process. Some theoretical studies highlighted the relevance of these new strategies (e.g. co-location of activities, geographic agglomeration within firm boundaries and complex strategies). However, most of the empirical works study the location of the multinationals as if they were to be undertaken once and overlook the dynamic extension of the firms over location and time. Our study assumes that the location decision is not a static process, but when the level of the production increases, the firm will take some new organizational decisions in order to maintain its productivity level and guarantee the efficiency of its production process
Muffat-Jeandet, Morgan. "Essai sur l’intensification des relations économiques entre la Chine et l’Amérique latine et les Caraïbes. Internationalisation des firmes chinoises, déterminants et modalités de leurs investissements directs au Mexique". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA012/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaChinese footprint in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), as in other parts of the globe, has surged in the last fifteen years. Beyond the traditional drivers of this expansion from an economic perspective (securing resources and new markets), China represents a special partner for Latin-American countries because of grey lines delimiting public and private ownership, strict industrial policy and long-term development goals. Besides, regional discrepancies have appeared between South America, which benefited from the boom of Chinese demand for raw materials, and Mexico, which found itself in direct competition with China on different segments of his secondary sector, and whose integration dynamic in North America was deeply impacted by the growing shares of Chinese companies in the US market. Combining an extensive analysis of existing databases about foreign direct investments (FDI) from China in LAC and three original case studies of Chinese companies located in the manufacturing industry in Mexico, this dissertation shows unique features in these operations such as an accelerated growth path and relative adaptive skills to foreign environments. Nevertheless, the positive or negative externalities of Chinese FDI remain dependent upon the interactions between the institutional context of the host country and the companies’ strategies
Girard, Bruno. "Figures/anti-figures : pour une approche par la singularité à partir des films de A. Tarkovski, B. Tarr, S. Bartas". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3035.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis evaluates the possibility of analyzing a movie from the singular elements it contains. The singularity in question corresponds to dissimilar elements, of aporias or gaps that does not comply with what we expect from a narrative, from an aesthetic or from a cinematographic grammar. This research has approached the concept of singularity both in science and in the arts by studying the different meanings of this termThe method that was elaborated from the properties of singularities was subsequently applied to a small corpus of movie: Nostalghia by Andrei Tarkovsky, Werckmeister Harmonies by Béla Tarr and Seven invisible men by Sharunas Bartas.Its application has revealed how these works are much more complex and ambiguous than we might believe. He has contributed to highlight that what the figural analysis calls a figure should be extended by the notion of anti-figure. a figure alone is not sufficient to render the beats that cross a movie. On the other hand, it lets see how these beats actually correspond to the confrontation of three hiatus, the first is figurative, the second is representative and the last is psychic involving the memory of images, the reality and the pathos
Rodrigues, Larissa Maria Ferreira da Silva. "Atividade de tradução fílmica como instrumento de interação na formação de professores de FLE". www.teses.ufc.br, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/8221.
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Nosso trabalho ocupa-se da análise de uma atividade realizada em uma turma de tradução no contexto de formação inicial de professores de francês, língua estrangeira (FLE). Para isso, investigamos como estudantes de FLE: (1) utilizam estratégias tradutórias (VINAY e DARBELNET, 1996[1958]; BARBOSA, 2004), tendo em vista o conhecimento teórico que foi possibilitado durante disciplinas de Tradução; (2) mobilizam capacidades de linguagem (capacidade de ação, capacidade discursiva e capacidade linguístico-discursiva) para realizar suas produções linguageiras em função das condições em que estão inseridos (DOLZ e SCHNEUWLY, 2004); e (3) mobilizam repertórios didáticos (CICUREL, 2011) na construção dos textos traduzidos. A partir desses objetivos, propomos e coletamos um questionário, que nos apresentou um perfil específico da turma, e uma atividade de tradução de diálogos, retirados de uma cena de um dos curtas-metragens do filme Paris, je t’aime, na disciplina de Tradução do Francês II. Além do questionário e dos textos traduzidos, tivemos a entrevista de explicitação (VERMERSCH, 2011[1994]), que nos forneceu verbalizações acerca das traduções. Essas verbalizações funcionaram como uma fonte de (auto-) informações, no nosso caso, sobre os textos traduzidos por cada participante pesquisado. A turma totalizava 10 alunos, porém, somente 05 participaram de todos os procedimentos de pesquisa, como escolha da turma, momento de ambientação e estágio. Nossa pesquisa está ancorada, fundamentalmente, nos pressupostos teóricos do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (BRONCKART, 2009 [1999]), cuja abordagem visa demonstrar que as práticas linguageiras (ou os textos-discursos) são os principais instrumentos do desenvolvimento humano. Os resultados indicam, de uma maneira geral, que os estudantes de FLE: (1) utilizam e priorizam algumas estratégias (por exemplo, a estratégia tradução literal) em detrimento de outras, assim como, também, negam o seu uso; (2) mobilizam capacidades de linguagem, segundo ações linguageiras produzidas em língua materna e; (3) mobilizam repertórios que se construíram em situações de interações, como na sala de aula ou em contextos extracurriculares, e que se materializam, linguisticamente, na tradução. A mobilização dessas categorias revela que atividades de tradução funcionam como um dos instrumentos de interação que colabora para a (constante) construção de competências de professores em formação, como a competência tradutória e, consequentemente, a transmissiva.
Notre travail s’occupe de l’analyse d’une activité réalisée dans un groupe de traduction dans le contexte de la formation initiale de professeurs de français, langue étrangère (FLE). Pour cela, nous recherchons comme les élèves de FLE : (1) utilisent des stratégies de traduction (VINAY e DARBELNET, 1996[1958]), en se basant sur la connaissance théorique présentée pendant les disciplines de Traduction ; (2) mobilisent des capacités de langages (capacité d’action, capacité discursive et capacité linguistico-discursive) pour réaliser leurs productions langagières en fonction des conditions où ils sont inserés (DOLZ e SCHNEUWLY, 2004) ; et (3) mobilisent des répertoires didactiques (CICUREL, 2011) dans la construction des textes traduits. À partir de ces objectifs spécifiques, nous avons proposé et recueilli un questionnaire, qui nous a présenté un profil spécifique du groupe, et une activité de traduction de dialogues, d’une scène d’un court métrage du film Paris, je t’aime, dans la discipline de Traduction du Français II. Pour complémenter les données, nous avons fait l’entretien d’explicitation (VERMERSCH, 2011[1994]), qui nous a permis d’interpréter les verbalisations à propos des traductions. Ces verbalisations ont fonctionné comme une source d’ (auto-) informations, dans notre cas, sur les textes traduits par chaque étudiant. Le groupe était de 10 élèves, pourtant, seulement 05 ont participé de toutes les procédures de recherche, comme le choix du groupe, le moment de connaissance et stage. Notre recherche est basée, principalement, sur le cadre théorique de l’Interactionnisme Socio-discursif (BRONCKART, 2009[1999]) ; pour cette approche les pratiques langagières (ou les textes-discours) sont les principaux instruments du développement humain. D’une façon générale, les résultats montrent que les étudiants de FLE : (1) utilisent et priorisent quelques stratégies (par exemple, la estratégie traduction littérale) au lieu d’autres et refusent son usage ; (2) mobilisent les capacités de langage, selon les actions langagières produites en langue maternelle et ; (3) mobilisent les répertoires qui sont construits dans les situations d’interactions, comme dans la classe de langue ou dans les contextes extracurriculaires, et qui sont matérialisés, linguistiquement, dans la traduction. La mobilisation de ces éléments révèle que les activités de traduction fonctionnent comme l’un des instruments d’interaction qui favorise la (constante) construction de compétences de professeurs en formation, comme la compétence en traduction et, par conséquent, la transmissive.
Sobczak, Karolina. "Effect of nominal convergence criteria on real side of economy in DSGE models". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961480.
Pełny tekst źródłaRoch, François. "L'évolution de la réglementation internationale des investissements directs étrangers dans les Amériques : vers de nouvelles perspectives ?" Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2430.
Pełny tekst źródłaWith the beginning of the negotiating process that should be leading to the establishment of the Free Trade Area of the Americas for 2005, it's interesting to take a look at the possible evolution of the roles and principles related to Foreign Direct investments regulation in the Americas. On the international level, there's two basics categories of norms. The ftrst one, are essentiaily design to protect and guarantee the investor and his investment. The eventual conclusion of FTAA could consolidate, at the hemisphere level, such category of roles and principles. Consequently to the end of cold war and the alignment of many country, but also many developing countries, in regard of the liberalism doctrine, the nature of these roles and principles are weil know by lawyers and professors in north-America: national treatment, fair and equitable treatment, most-favoured-nation treatment, roles concerning expropriation and nationalization, etc.. The second one, concern the roles and principles design to liberated the copusjuns afferent to FDI : for example, the roles and principles concerning transfer clause or performances requirements. That said, contrary to the ftrst category, there's no consensus over theses roles and principles. The absence of such consensus will probably influence the content of the agreement in a way that will be unsatisfted either for export-developing countries, such as the Canada and the United States, or developing countries. The present paper will examine roles and principles design for both protection and liberalization of FDI regulations. Indeed, the second chapter will entirely be treating of these matters. The ftrst chapter will instead be treating about the "transnationalization" of the private ftrm and the reaction of the international community regarding this phenomenon. The first chapter of our paper will also be the occasion to look at the conceptual evolution of both notions of "investor" and "investment" in regards of the FDI regime developed in the FTAA draft. On that matter, a special attention will be accorded to the FTTA process but also to bilateral and regional agreements signed over the last 15 years between members of the FTAA negotiating process. Historicaily and ideologicaily, the FTAA is link with the recent NAFTA process. There is no doubt about it. The integration process in the Americas is far from been recent in Latin America, with the difference that this last process was mostly inspired by the ideology of "development" and the project of NIEO. The FTAA process, on the other hand, is clearly guide by the liberalism ideology which not always take into account the particularize needs of developing countries. When the FTAA process begin, there was a consensus, among leaders, over the idea that free-trade, as weil as liberal FDI regulations, will beneftt to developing countries and ftt their economic and social aspirations. Since then, this consensus, the so-called "Washington consensus", has been lost and that will, necessarily, have some effects on the evolution of the roles and principles related to FDI regulation in the Americas.
"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de LL.M. Droit Dans le cadre du programme de Maîtrise en droit(LL.M.) 2-325-1-0 en option recherche et droit des affaires"
Dye, Marie Françoise Ghyslaine. "L'utilisation du film dans l'enseignement du français langue étrangère au niveau débutant à l'Université du KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg : une étude de cas". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/392.
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