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Yang, Pengyu, Li Li i Michel Aubertin. "Theoretical and Numerical Analyses of Earth Pressure Coefficient along the Centerline of Vertical Openings with Granular Fills". Applied Sciences 8, nr 10 (22.09.2018): 1721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101721.
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Granular filling materials are placed into confining structures for various purposes, including but not limited to silos, trenches, mine stopes, and retaining walls for backfill. Stresses in these backfilled openings are commonly estimated using theoretical arching models, with equations that often involve the earth pressure coefficient K (=σ’h/σ’v). Such stress estimation can be dramatically impacted by the magnitude of K, but its value remains debatable. Along the centerline of vertical openings with granular cohesionless fills, the value of K is sometimes obtained by Jaky’s earth pressure coefficient at rest K0, based on the assumption of fixed confining walls, whereas Rankine’s active earth pressure coefficient Ka is regarded more suitable for K as claimed by some others. Recent numerical analyses from the authors have shown that the state of stress close to the center of backfilled openings cannot be solely related to wall movement. It was also shown that the K value can vary between Ka and K0 in backfilled openings with fixed (immobile) walls, depending on the locations and respective values of fill internal friction angle ϕ’ and Poisson’s ratio ν. However, none of the existing works have addressed the mechanisms and answered this fundamental but critical question: which value of coefficient K (K0, Ka, or other) should be used with analytical solutions to assess the stresses in backfilled openings (and why)? After assessing the state of the fill placed in a confined opening, theoretical relationships and specific mechanisms are proposed, for the first time, to evaluate critical values of ν and ϕ’ for defining the at-rest and active states in fills. The approach indicates that when ν or ϕ’ are smaller than or equal to critical values, the value of K near the center line of a backfill opening should be close to Ka; otherwise, K tends to approach K0 defined from ν. The theoretical analysis is complemented and validated (in part) by numerical simulations. The results also demonstrate that Poisson’s ratio can play a major role on the stress distribution within cohesionless fills, and should thus be accurately evaluated.
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Bankel, Hansgeorg, i Andrew Stewart. "New observations on the pediments of the early Classical temple of Aphaia on Aegina and on other works by the ‘Aphaia architect’". Journal of Greek Archaeology 7 (23.11.2022): 173–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/jga.v7i.1714.
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Over a decade ago, Andrew Stewart revived the question of whether the Persians destroyed the Archaic (or ‘older’) temple of Aphaia on Aegina, the scorched remains of which littered the terrace fills of its successor. Copious very late Attic black figure pottery accompanied them, roughly contemporary with the Athenian Agora’s ‘Perserschutt’ deposits. Stewart’s work supported that of Vinzenz Brinkmann and others who had re-dated this successor to the early Classical period, arguing that its pedimental sculptures, honoring Aeginetan prowess in the Trojan War (Figure 1), celebrated Aegina’s successful participation in the Battle of Salamis (480 BC).
Heated controversy ensued, especially among German proponents of ‘style archaeology’ (Brinkmann 2006: 414), but also among ceramicists. Were our temple’s sculptures (henceforth termed ‘the Aeginetans’) late Archaic or early Classical; created simultaneously or successively; and before or after the Battle of Salamis, in which Aeginetan warships played a decisive role? Architecture played a negligible part in these debates, perhaps because the present author’s monograph of 1993 put our temple in a relative sequence with its closest kin on Paros and at Delphi, but – as sculptured buildings require – dated it according to Dieter Ohly’s chronology for its sculpture.
Ohly dated our temple’s west pediment to c.500 BC. If one assumes that the whole project took just over five years (like the somewhat smaller Temple of Asklepios at Epidauros, built a century later but quite comparable sculpturally), planning and construction would have started c.505. For its completion, after the sculptures of the more progressive east pediment, a date c.485 was agreed. Just fifteen years later, however, Ohly’s dates would be challenged, sparking the present debate. Hence this new attempt to date our temple and explain its apparently multiple pediments by analyzing its architecture, independently from all stylistic controversies about its sculptures.
First, however, one must understand why the extraneous ‘non-pedimental warriors’ (found on the temple’s east terrace but carved in the style of its earlier west pediment) could not have belonged to the latter, but instead apparently stood in niches in the altar court (Figure 2). This task, in turn, immediately takes us to the horizontal cornice fragments with the shallow plinth sockets typical of the west pediment, found in Ohly’s excavations since 1971 and for good reason sidelined as ‘surplus.’
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Iluk, Jan. "Jan Chryzostom objaśnia "Hymn o miłości" [1Kor 13] (In I Epistolam ad Corinthios hom. 33-34)". Vox Patrum 52, nr 1 (15.06.2008): 291–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.8057.
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In 1CorHom, edited in the autumn and winter of 392 and 393 AD, John Chrysostom found a natural opportunity to return to his numerous utterances on the role of love in the lives of people. Obviously, the opportunity was the 13“ chapter of this Letter - The Song of Love. Among his works, we will find a few more smali works which were created with the intention of outlining the Christian ideał of love. Many of the contemporary monographs which were devoted to the ancient understanding of Christian „love” have the phrase „Eros and Agape” in their titles. In contemporary languages, this arrangement extends between sex and love. Both in the times of the Church Fathers (the 4th century AD) and currently, the distance between sex and love is measured by feelings, States and actions which are morę or less refined and noble. The awareness of the existence of many stops over this distance leads to the conviction that our lives are a search for the road to Agape. As many people are looking not so much for a shortcut but for a shorter route, John Chrysostom, like other Church Fathers, declared: the shortest route, because it is the most appropriate for this aim, is to live according to the Christian virtues that have been accumulated by the Christian politeia. There are to be found the fewest torments and disenchantments, although there are sacrifices. Evangelical politeia, the chosen and those who have been brought there will find love) - as a State of existence. In the earthly dimension, however, love appears as a causative force only in the circle of the Christian politeia. Obviously, just as in the heavenly politeia, the Christian politeia on earth is an open circle for everyone. As Chrysostom’s listeners and readers were not only Christians (in the multi-cultural East of the Roman Empire), and as the background of the principles presented in the homilies was the everyday life and customs of the Romans of the time, the ideał - dyam] - was placed by him in the context of diverse imperfections in the rangę and form of the feelings exhibited, which up to this day we still also cali love. It is true that love has morę than one name. By introducing the motif of love - into deliberations on the subject of the Christian politeia, John Chrysostom finds and indicates to the faithful the central force that shaped the ancient Church. This motif fills in the vision of the Heavenly Kingdom, explains to Christians the sense of life that is appropriate to them in the Roman community and explains the principles of organised life within the boundaries of the Church. It can come as no surprise that the result of such a narrative was Chrysostonfs conviction that love is „rationed”: Jews, pagans, Hellenes and heretics were deprived of it. In Chrysostonfs imagination, the Christian politeia has an earthly and a heavenly dimension. In the heavenly politeia, also called by him Chrisfs, the Lord’s or the
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Zerrouk, N. E., i C. Marche. "Une modélisation théorique nouvelle de la rupture par submersion d'une digue en terre et sa validation". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 31, nr 5 (1.10.2004): 797–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l04-062.
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This paper presents the EROBAR numerical model on breach formation in earth-fill dams during an overtopping flow. Hydraulics of flow over an earth-fill dam is considered as the basis for the comprehension of the breach formation process. To this will be added the mastery of the erosion mechanism and of widening of the breach canal. As the breach formation process in an earth-fill dam is very complex, the EROBAR model was the object of a two-step formulation, with the two steps joined later. The first step deals with the flow hydraulics, vertical erosion, and longitudinal evolution of the profile of the dam. The second step introduces the widening of the breach, based on the instability of the breach slope. After the two formulations were joined and validated, the EROBAR model was applied to the experimental dyke, to several homogenous earth-fill dams with or without protection, and to zoned dams.Key words: dam failure, breach erosion, earth-fill dam breach, overtopped earth dam, numerical model.
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García Hermida, Alejandro. "A chance to posthumously meet a great master: Hassan Fathy". Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, nr 1 (20.11.2020): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi1.383.
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Those of us who admire the work of Hassan Fathy are familiar with some of his ideas mainly through his own published works and may have gotten a broader sense of the extent and quality of his design activities through James Steele’s An Architecture for People: The Complete Works of Hassan Fathy (Whitney Library of Design, 1997). Nevertheless, the picture was still incomplete. Fortunately, Salma Samar Damluji and Viola Bertini have come together to fill this glaring gap with their new monograph book on Hassan Fathy and his work: Hassan Fathy: Earth and Utopia, published by Laurence King in 2018. Salma Samar Damluji and Viola Bertini. Hassan Fathy: Earth and Utopia. Laurence King, 2018.
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Garga, Vinod K., i Vince O'Shaughnessy. "Tire-reinforced earthfill. Part 1: Construction of a test fill, performance, and retaining wall design". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, nr 1 (1.02.2000): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-084.
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The satisfactory disposal of scrap tires is a major environmental problem worldwide. This waste occupies valuable space in landfill sites, and tire stockpiles pose serious health and fire hazards. The use of scrap tires as reinforcement for construction of retaining walls and slopes is a viable method towards reduction of this waste. This paper describes the construction of a 57 m high × 17 m wide instrumented test fill, comprising both retaining wall and reinforced slope sections. Approximately 10 000 whole tires and tires with one sidewall removed, tied together with polypropylene rope, were used in both cohesionless and cohesive backfills. The testing program also included plate loading tests, field pull-out tests on tire mats, water-quality assessment in the field and laboratory, and other complementary laboratory testing. This first paper, in a series of three, demonstrates the practical feasibility of constructing reinforced earth fills using scrap tires. Results of large plate load tests and the field behaviour with particular reference to the design of the retaining wall sections are presented. The paper emphasizes the role of negative wall friction in increasing the active thrust when the retaining wall becomes more compressible than the backfill. Recommendations for the design of retaining walls using scrap tires are presented.Key words: scrap tires, earth reinforcement, retaining walls, reinforced slopes, plate load test, construction, performance.
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Dniprovska, N. S. "Rachmaninov. “Six choirs for children’s or women’s voices”: specific of interpretation of the genre". Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 55, nr 55 (20.11.2019): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-55.08.
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Introduction. In the article the cycle of children’s choruses of S.Rachmaninov is considered, his characteristic features in subjects, figurative disclosure, the special role of lofty spiritualized lyric poetry; for the first time the appearance in the choral works of the composer of the themes “Dies irae”, “katabasis”; the spiritually-aesthetic value of Rachmaninov “Six Choruses” for secular children’s choral singing and performance is revealed. “Six choirs for children’s or women’s voices” op. 15 were written by S. Rachmaninov in 1895, the date of which he indicated in a letter to B. Asafiev on April 13, 1917. By the time the cycle was created, S. Rachmaninov was already the author of a considerable number of works. In the fall of 1894, he was employed by the Mariinsky Women’s School as a teacher of music theory and an accompanist of the choir. Specially for the choir of students, “Six choirs for children’s or women’s voices” were written: 1) “Glory!”, Words by N. Nekrasov; 2) ”Night”, words by V. Ladyzhensky; 3) “Pine”, words by M. Lermontov (from G. Heine); 4) “The waves dozed off”, words by K. Romanov, 5) “Captivity”, words by N. Tsyganov; 6) “Angel”, words by M. Lermontov. The features of S. Rachmaninov’s musical and artistic thinking, which researchers usually note in his romances – the significant role of accompaniment and a simple 3-part form, having their own historical archetype in the baroque three-part aria da capo (Antipov, 2014: 9) – can be found in “Six choirs”. The enormous artistic role of the piano accompaniment, its developed texture and organic unity with the score should be especially paid attention to. The vivid imagery of the cycle owes much to the instrumental part, which the composer not only went far beyond the accompaniment, but often has independent significance too. At first glance, the choral score of the cycle is uncomplicated – mainly with diatonic two-voice. But behind seeming simplicity, inexhaustible performing tasks for the choir and piano part are in favor. The extreme choral plays frame the cycle with themes of deep ethical and spiritual content that had not previously been encountered in children’s choral music. The middle rooms are dominated by bright lyrics, youthfully light sadness, and harmony between the pictures of nature and the states of the human soul reigns. No. 1 “Glory!” – the character of the work conveys pathetic, prayer (appeal to the Almighty for blessing) and lyrical-patriotic feelings. In the 3rd section of the miniatures, the accompaniment fills the music with fanfare intonations, in the last 6 beats, the dynamic tension within the framework of one tonic harmony is steadily increasing, and in the bass of the piano the bell ringing and ceremonial drum beat are imitated, completing the picture of the celebration. In No. 2 “Night”, the author embodies a dreamy-contemplative mood with the help of the choral cantilena. Frettonal ambiguity of the extreme parts (major-minor), functions languidly lasting for several measures, delicate harmonic colors, flexible ligature of figures, masterful techniques of sound-visualization contribute to a special refinement of moods and miniature images and are associated with impressionist music. No. 3 “Pine” – S. Rachmaninov chose M. Lermontov’s translation as the theme of loneliness and dreams of happiness, giving contrast to the musical images of northern Pine and southern Palma. No. 4 “The waves dosed off” – to convey the state of spiritual harmony and dreamy peace S. Rachmaninov found a set of expressive compositional techniques. Here we emphasize the special independence of the piano part, which does not contain a choral theme, but plays an important soundvisual role, enriching the narration of the choir. No. 5 “Captivity” – the image of a gentle bird, imprisoned in a golden cage, is widespread in fairy tales and poetry of the peoples of the world, as well as in choral music. In N. Tsyganov’s verses, the denouement is optimistic – the nightingale is set free. S. Rachmaninov relies intonationally on the Russian peasant cry-lamentation. The melody has a touching colour, the miniature is distinguished by a bright national color. No. 6 “Angel”. The poem tells of the great sacrament of conception in the spiritual world of a new person’s life. The Angel carries this person’s soul from heaven to earth to connect it with the body of the unborn child. In flight, an Angel sings a song about celestial gardens to this yet unincarnated Soul. The composer weaves a fragment of the motive-symbol “Dies irae” into Angel’s theme, entrusting it to a part of the alto and veiling from above the unrecognizabl third major second part of the soprano. The smoothly descending theme of the Soul can be described in this context as “katabasis”. This symbolism gives the miniature a deep philosophical meaning. S. Rachmaninov was the first Russian composer to create an example of concert purpose in The “Six choirs”. He raised to a new level the theme of children’s works, characteristic of the genre of that time. And that is education of a spiritually rich personality. The author revealed the extraordinary rhythmic and intonational richness of musical speech, the mastery of texture, harmony, the sophistication of technical techniques, and the tonal color scheme were rare for children’s choral music of that time. The richness of colors and the layering of the piano part bring it closer to the orchestra. In The “Six choirs for children’s or women’s voices” S. Rachmaninov revealed a new example of children’s choral music for concert purposes, which has high artistic merits, a deep substantive theme, and an aesthetic and educational orientation. The composer first attracted high poetry, revealed a spiritual and moral subtext. The theme of Faith, reflected in the first and last miniatures, “rings” the cycle, like Alpha and Omega, giving special semantics and significance to its figurative content. The essay reflected important artistic principles and writing techniques, characteristic of his subsequent opuses, but new to the children’s genre. Like the First Symphony (1895), created in the same year as the cycle, the “Six choirs” for the first time include the theme “Dies irae” symbolic for S. Rachmaninoff’s art, which further permeates his work up to “Symphonic dances”, as well as the theme “katabasis” revealing the spiritual and philosophical meaning of the work. This cycle was S. Rachmaninov’s only experience in children’s choral music, in which first for the genre he embodied high spiritual and ethical ideas of a romantic artist, his Christian picture of the world, the eternal themes of love for the Fatherland, life and death, good and evil, also actual for modern society and children of the XXI century. Prior to S. Rachmaninov, children’s choral music did not know such a depth of content, mastery of embodiment, aesthetic pleasure. The unsurpassed beauty of “Six choirs for children’s or women’s voices” made them a phenomenon of perfection in musical art for children, which is timeless, of course.
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Abdullah, Berivan M. A., Ivan H. Murad i Herjin F. Abdullah. "Kurdish Students’ Attitudes Towards the Use Of Films In Teaching Literary Works In EFL Classroom". JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies) 7, nr 1 (26.05.2022): 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/jeels.v7i1.207.
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The current study investigates Kurdish students’ attitudes towards the use of films in teaching literary works at universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The study also highlights whether using films in teaching literary works is beneficial or not and what challenges are faced by them. The data were collected by using questionnaires and interviews from 60 students aged between 18-24 years old from both private and public universities. Out of 60 students, 15 were randomly chosen to be interviewed. Results show that some students consider teaching literary works using films is beneficial, as it encourages students to study and read more literary works and it also makes them actively interact with the content which helps them remember the events more effectively. However, the study also reveals that some Kurdish students consider teaching literary works using films is a waste of time, and this discourages interaction between students and their teacher. In addition, ‘boredom’ and ‘language difficulty’ are the other two major challenges faced by Kurdish students.
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Fitri Apriyanti i Rahmi Aulia Nurdini. "AN ANALYSIS OF FEMINISM IN MERRY RIANA : MIMPI SEJUTA DOLAR MOVIE". Ed-Humanistics : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 6, nr 2 (30.11.2021): 817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33752/ed-humanistics.v6i2.2084.
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In literary works, films cannot be separated from life, one of which discusses the issue of discrimination against women, a phenomenon that continues to be actively debated in society and gave birth to the feminism movement. Feminism can also appear through films, one of which is Merry Riana. Therefore, this paper aims to find out what is meant by feminism and how feminism is reflected in films and associated with liberal feminism. This study uses a qualitative method with sources from the original Merry Riana video. The writer uses data collection techniques from online sources. The data were collected by watching the film and understanding the film's dialogue several times and making observations to strengthen the analysis using the semiotic theory by Charles Sanders Pierce. The results of this study indicate that: (1) 8 data indicate the presence of elements of feminism in Merry Riana's action. (2) Feminism is shown through Signs, Objects and Interpreters. (3) In liberal feminism, it proves that women are not only focused on the private sphere, but can also be in the public sphere.
Key words: Literature, Movie, Merry Riana, Feminism
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Lo, K. Y., i Kiny Kaniaru. "Hydraulic fracture in earth and rock-fill dams". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 27, nr 4 (1.08.1990): 496–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t90-064.
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Unsatisfactory performance of earth and rock-fill dams involving excessive seepage, piping or failure has been attributed to hydrofracture of the core. Although the phenomenon has been reported for some time, important factors influencing hydraulic fracturing pressure, such as saturation and consolidation, have received relatively little attention; nor have results of laboratory tests or theoretical study been directly related to field performance. In this paper, laboratory hydrofracturing tests under well-defined conditions were performed. A simple theoretical expression for fracture pressure is developed involving only conventional soil strength parameters. Case histories involving hydraulic fracturing of the earthcore are reviewed, and "field" hydraulic fracture pressure and crack closure pressure are defined. The results of the laboratory tests show that hydraulic fracture pressure is not a unique soil property; its value depends on the degree of saturation and consolidation. A comparison of the data deduced from case records with test results and theoretical predictions indicates general consistency. The field hydraulic fracturing pressures are bounded in the upper limit by results from saturated-consolidated tests and in the lower limit by results of saturated–unconsolidated hydraulic fracturing tests. It is suggested that the methodology presented may be useful in the assessment of risk of hydraulic fracturing of dams. Key words: earth and rock-fill dams, hydraulic fracture, tensile strength, seepage, Teton Dam.
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Ng, Axel KL, i John C. Small. "A case study of hydraulic fracturing using finite element methods". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 36, nr 5 (23.11.1999): 861–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-049.
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Hydraulic fracturing can occur in the clay core of an earth and rock-fill dam if the vertical effective stress in the core is reduced to levels that are small enough to allow a tensile fracture to occur. This situation may arise if the total stress in the core is reduced by the "arching effect" where the core settles relative to the rock-fill shoulders of the dam. Water pressure increases in the core which occur on first impounding of water will reduce effective stresses further, and if they reach low enough values, a fracture will occur. The design of earth dams to resist hydraulic fracture is therefore of great importance (especially those dams with thin vertical or near-vertical central cores), as there have been several dam failures in the past that have been attributed to hydraulic fracture. This paper presents a method of predicting hydraulic fracture in the core of earth and rock-fill dams by using a numerical procedure based on the finite element method. The finite element procedure makes use of special joint elements that allow fluid flow and fracture to be modeled and is an advance over previous methods in that it allows the complete history of pore-pressure development in the core of a dam to be simulated. A study of the behaviour of the Hyttejuvet Dam, which was thought to have failed due to hydraulic fracturing, is also carried out, and the results of the analysis suggest that the failure of the dam was probably due to hydraulic fracturing that occurred during first filling of the reservoir. The fractures predicted occur at about the location that the actual fracture was thought to have been located. Key words: hydraulic fracture, earth and rock-fill dams, finite element method.
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Xu, Ming, Chris RI Clayton i Alan G. Bloodworth. "The earth pressure behind full-height frame integral abutments supporting granular fill". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 44, nr 3 (1.03.2007): 284–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t06-122.
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Compared with conventional bridges, integral bridges have no bearings or joints between the deck and abutments and thus can significantly reduce maintenance requirements and costs over the bridge's lifetime. However, there is uncertainty about the ultimate magnitude of the lateral earth pressure behind such abutments, as they are forced to move with the deck length change caused, for example, by daily and annual variations in the effective bridge temperature. This research investigated the earth pressure that would be expected to occur behind full-height frame integral abutments backfilled by granular materials. Radial strain-controlled cyclic stress path testing has been conducted on coarse sand specimens and a glass ballotini specimen. The results suggest that for integral abutments retaining uniform coarse sand, the lateral earth pressure will experience systematic increases for almost all cyclic strain levels, eventually reaching states of stress close to both active and passive. The mechanism of the buildup of lateral stress is explored, and it appears to be associated with nonspherical granular particle shape. The implications for frame integral abutment design are discussed.Key words: integral abutments, granular, particle shape, earth pressure, stiffness.
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Zerrouk, N. E., i C. Marche. "Les prévisions des brèches de rupture des barrages en terre restent difficiles". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, nr 1 (1.02.2001): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-099.
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The validity of dam failure studies is based on the appropriateness of the expected failure mode. Failures of earth-fill structures show the importance of the choice of breach parameters for failure evaluation and consequences. This paper summarizes the state of the possibilities for forecasting the breach and the resulting hydrograph in the downstream valley. It describes the most current methods, applies them on a failure case observed in the Saguenay region, Province of Québec, and compares the results. Considering the large uncertainty margin on the results, the paper allows one to understand why breach forecasting must not, in the current state of knowledge, be part of the safety study process, and that it is preferable to stay with a definition for breach based on a rule intelligently applied with respect to the case, the structure, and its composition.Key words: dam failure, dam breach, erosion, forecasting, flood of failure, earth-fill dam.[Journal translation]
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Daigle, Lyne, i Jack Q. Zhao. "The influence of temperature on earth pressure cell readings". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 41, nr 3 (1.06.2004): 551–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t04-004.
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Vibrating-wire earth pressure cells are often used to measure soil pressure in fills and embankments or contact pressure between soil and buried structures. Instrumentation companies provide each cell with a formula to calculate pressure based on frequency and temperature readings. This paper presents the calibration work that was carried out on a series of 76 mm diameter cells and four 228 mm diameter cells with temperatures ranging from 10 to +30 °C with and without the effect of applied pressure. Based on this work and additional data from two field sites, it was found that temperature calibration factors given on the calibration sheet specific to each cell largely underestimated the temperature effect. It was also found that the correction factors were dependent not only on temperature, but also on the pressure applied to the cell. The temperature calibration factor, which is given as a linear correction on the calibration datasheet, becomes parabolic as a pressure is applied on the cell. Based on the findings, recommendations are provided for minimizing the temperature effect on pressure cell readings and improving the accuracy of the temperature calibration factor.Key words: earth pressure cells, soil pressure, temperature calibration, instrumentation.
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Novikov, M. V., i T. B. Perfilova. "Sociological Discourse in M.M. Khvostov’s Works". Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 164, nr 6 (2022): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2022.6.9-29.
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This article analyzes the underlying aspects of the artistic heritage of M.M. Khvostov, an eminent professor at Imperial Kazan University. The focus is on the justification of the need for creating sociological history as a new type of explanatory history. The scholar’s coherent and consistent concept of sociological history was never introduced to the public, but its basics were laid and described in his publications and lecture courses. In this concept, history was qualified as an individualizing and idiographic study and sociology as a generalizing and nomothetic one. As a result of having stemmed from the belief in the unity of scientific methodology, M.M. Khvostov placed a greater emphasis on the overlapping of the subject fields and cognitive positions of these sociological branches rather than on their opposition. In order to overcome the opposition between the typological and concrete individual ways of comprehending historical reality, he proposed their theoretical and methodological synthesis on the principle of complementarity of tasks, research approaches, and methods. Therefore, the process of cognition was thought to involve studying unique facts, using the comparative historical method, as well as identifying common, similar, and typical features. The results obtained here are important for developing the theoretical and methodological foundations of historical science: M.M. Khvostov insisted that sociological history was destined to fill the existing abstract sociological schemes with reliable historical information, to contribute to the conceptualization of critically cited facts related to the multifaceted process of historical transformations of society.
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Буданов, V. Budanov, Филатова, O. Filatova, Хадарцев, Aleksandr Khadartsev, Попов i Yuriy Popov. "From human organism to society and Earth´s biosphere: evolution of term of homeostasis within the framework of three paradigms". Complexity. Mind. Postnonclassic 4, nr 2 (25.09.2015): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/12001.
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The problem of philosophical and scientific interpretation of homeostasis has been discussed for more than 150 years. The works of Claude Bernard, W.B. Cannon and P.K. Anokhin fill the basic philosophy of homeostasis, but that works have not provided a formal description of the condition of organism. At the same time within the framework of the third paradigm a new insights of chaos which in modern philosophy is treated only as deterministic chaos are offered. Some forecasts for the development of society and humanity in the future in terms of the analysis of the present are presented. An expanded interpretation of homeostasis in its historical and semantic development is presented. The proof of the commonness in dynamics of behavior of individual organism and the whole society is given.
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Azaa Izzatul Laila, Ahmad Firdaus, Zahra Nurainnisa Suhendar, Winda Dwi Hudhana i Asep Purwo Yudi Utomo. "Deiksis dalam Film Bumi dan Manusia Karya Hanung Bramantyo". CENDEKIA: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Bahasa dan Pendidikan 2, nr 2 (12.05.2022): 74–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/cendikia.v2i2.305.
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Deixis is a pragmatic study that examines the relationship between the structure of language and the environment in which the language is used. The phenomenon of deixis or use is most often seen in everyday conversation in the form of verbal language. Deixis is also found in the conversation of characters or figures in literary works such as films. The study entitled "Deixis in the Film Bumi dan Manusia by Hanung Bramantyo" examines the use of deixis in the film directed by Hanung Bramantyo with the title "Earth and Man". Persona, time, place, social, and discourse deixis are the five categories of deixis studied in this study. Researchers used analytical methods in the form of pragmatics with qualitative techniques to analyze the data that had been collected. The data used in this study include fragments of speech from film conversations, both words and phrases containing deixis, including personal deixis, time deixis, location deixis, social deixis, and discourse deixis. Watching movies, capturing data, recognizing, categorizing, analyzing, formulating, and presenting data are the stages of analyzing in this research. Data analysis illustrates that the film directed by Hanung Bramantyo with the title "Bumi dan Manusia" has a deixis in the form of person, time, place, social, and discourse.
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Stefanovic, Bogdan, i Velimir Aleksic. "The accuracy of land form presentation in forest road Cross sections". Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, nr 85 (2002): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0285091s.
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Accurate presentation of natural land forms directly affects the accuracy of earth volume calculation, the component of technical documentation of the forest road master project. Consistent to legal provisions, forest road master project is characterised by high accuracy of the planned scope of works compared to the realised scope of works, which should amount to ?3%. The volume of earth material is calculated based on the road cross-sectional area and the distance between the cross sections. The accuracy of the area of cross sections depends on the accuracy of land form presentation Accurate presentation of natural land forms depends on a great number of factors, the most significant of which are the methods of surveying and acquisition of data necessary for land form presentation, preciseness of equipment and instruments used in surveying and acquisition of data, and the method of land form presentation. The accuracy of earth material volume calculation depends on the method of computation, method of presentation of natural and artificial cross sections, and the phase of design. The presentation of natural land form in the width occupied by roadway cross section depends on the validity of the obtained station point elevation (Ht) and the elevations of detailed points (Hi). A relevant factor of the accuracy of cross sectional area, compared to its other elements, is the accuracy of the depth of cut or the height of fill (h) which should agree with the required accuracy, i.e. the adopted tolerance of the earthwork bill of quantities deviation up to 3%.
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Crawford, C. B., H. Jitno i P. M. Byrne. "The influence of lateral spreading on settlements beneath a fill". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31, nr 2 (1.04.1994): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t94-020.
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The discrepancy between calculated consolidation settlements and measured settlements under a 3.8 m high section of an earth embankment is investigated in this paper. A conventional one-dimensional analysis underestimated the observed settlement by 40%. A two-dimensional finite-element analysis was carried out to assess the effects of lateral spreading on vertical movements, and the results were in close agreement with the measured values. Key words : case history, consolidation, finite element analysis, settlement.
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Compora, Daniel. "The Fantastic and the Real: Fairy-Tale Films in the 21st Century". Dzieciństwo. Literatura i Kultura 3, nr 2 (31.12.2021): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32798/dlk.889.
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This article provides a critical examination of Pauline Greenhill’s monograph, Reality, Magic, and Other Lies: Fairy-Tale Film Truths (2020) and situates it within her larger body of scholarship. The title reflects the contradictory nature of fairy tales, which often contain moral and social truths beneath their fictional surfaces. Though related to her previous work, this book represents a departure from her earlier collections. Here, she provides close readings of various films, employing a sophisticated and detailed analysis of film techniques, and supplying a relevant social commentary. She asserts that fairy-tale films are multi-layered works that do more than simply convey aesthetically pleasing imagery. She breaks downs scenes into minute details, and occasionally provides diagrams that allow readers to understand and visualise scenes of films that, perhaps, they have not even seen. While these characteristics are present in her previous works, here they coalesce to form a perspective that reflects in a detailed way Greenhill’s vision of fairy-tale films and situates it within the larger context of fairy-tale film studies.
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Massarsch, K. Rainer, i Bengt H. Fellenius. "Vibratory compaction of coarse-grained soils". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, nr 3 (1.06.2002): 695–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-006.
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The variation of the coefficient of earth pressure in normally consolidated and overconsolidated soil and the effect of soil compaction on the change of the horizontal effective stress are discussed based on cone penetration test (CPT) data. A method is outlined for estimating the increase in the effective earth pressure based on sleeve friction measurements. Soil compaction increases not only soil density, but also horizontal effective stress. Since the cone stress is influenced by the vertical and horizontal effective stress, particularly at shallow depths, the cone stress needs to be adjusted for effective mean stress. A relation is presented for determining the soil compressibility from the adjusted cone stress. A case history is presented where a 10 m thick sand fill was compacted using vibratory compaction. Cone penetration tests indicated a significant increase in cone stress and sleeve friction and a decrease in compressibility (increase in modulus number) due to compaction. The friction ratio was unchanged. It was concluded that the earth pressure about doubled corresponding to an increase in the overconsolidation ratio of at least 5. The results of settlement calculations based on the Janbu method demonstrate the importance of considering the preconsolidation effect in the analyses.Key words: sand, CPTU, vibratory compaction, earth pressure, overconsolidation, modulus number, settlement.
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Smetona, Marius. "Žeme ‘land, ground, earth’ in Lithuanian literature". Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury 33 (12.10.2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/et.2021.33.81.
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In Lithuanian literature, žeme ‘land, earth, ground’ is understood as a planet, as one of the four elements, as an element in opposition to water, or as solid ground. It differs from the sky and stands in opposition to it because the sky is good, while žeme is full of things that are unfriendly to people. Žeme is the world with life going on; buildings stand on its surface, people sit, stand or lie on it, etc. It is the most valuable property that can be sold, given, leased, or left as inheritance. People are interested not only in what is going on its surface but also in the layer that is cultivated (soil). People want this layer to grow flowers, trees and grass for them. They find various things in this layer and think that land can hide a lot from them. Žeme is the mother that provides life and shelter after death. It takes care of people, feeds them and talks to them. It also serves as a reference frame on the basis of which people evaluate large and small things or things hanging above it. Žeme can refer to a specific state or a nation that lives in own land, as well as to a person’s native home and lives of their ancestors. Žeme is alive as much as humans are: it has a face, parts of the body and internal organs, it experiences human emotions and has divine powers. Žeme can be of various colours: from the traditional colour of fertile soil, i.e., black, to subtle shades, such as yellowish brown or blue. It is also characterised through most unusual words, such as “sinful”, “juicy”, “slim”, “like caviar” and others. The smell of žeme is also exceptional: it is wet and sour. It smells of oats, barley, summer home – the smell fills people’s hearts with joy, evokes memories and longing.
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Hardie, M. A., W. E. Cotching i P. R. Zund. "Rehabilitation of field tunnel erosion using techniques developed for construction with dispersive soils". Soil Research 45, nr 4 (2007): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr06154.
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Past repairs of field tunnel erosion using mechanical treatments (deep ripping, contour furrowing, contour ripping, etc.) and reestablishment of perennial vegetation have often failed, resulting in further tunnelling. Techniques to prevent ‘piping’ (tunnel erosion) in earth dams constructed using sodic clays have not been used in the repair of field tunnel erosion; however, these techniques have the potential to reduce recurrent failure. Installation of an optical fibre cable in a Grey Sodosol and Grey Dermosol at a site near Dunalley, Tasmania, in November 2001, resulted in the formation of a 380-m-long tunnel erosion system. Detailed site investigations and soil analysis in 2004 indicated that the tunnel erosion resulted from the consequences of inadequate compaction during the installation of the optical fibre cable, and secondary processes such as capture of surface and subsurface flow, dispersion of sodic clays, and translocation of dispersed clay platelets through the poorly compacted fill. Repair works consisted of excavating the entire length of the tunnel system, chemical amelioration with gypsum, compaction of repacked fill to reduce internal porosity, and installation of sand blocks to capture and remove water moving along the reinstalled cable. Inspections conducted 2 years after completion of the repair works indicated the site to be stable; however, it is acknowledged that this is too short an interval to adequately assess the long-term stability of repair works and techniques employed at the site. Due to the costs associated with the application of dam construction techniques, their use for the repair of field tunnel erosion is likely to only be justified where continued erosion poses a risk of damage to high value infrastructure.
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Heise, Ursula K. "The Android and the Animal". PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 124, nr 2 (marzec 2009): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2009.124.2.503.
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Pixar's animated feature wall-E (2008) revolves around a sentient robot, a small trash compactor who faith fully continues his programmed duties seven hundred years into the future, after humans have long abandoned their polluted home planet. Landscaped into skyscrapers of compacted waste, Earth no longer seems to harbor any organic life other than a cockroach, Wall-E's only and constant friend. Similarly, in Mamoru Oshii's Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence (2004; ), sequel to the groundbreaking first Ghost in the Shell anime, the love of the cyborg police officer Batou for his vanished colleague Motoko Kusanagi is surpassed only by the care and affection he displays for his pet basset hound. These films are two recent examples of works of science fiction in which the emergence of new kinds of humanoid consciousness in robots, cyborgs, or biotechnologically produced humans is accompanied by a renewed attention to animals. Why? In what ways does the presence of wild, domestic, genetically modified, or mechanical animals reshape the concerns about the human subject that are most centrally articulated, in many of these works, through technologically produced and reproduced human minds and bodies?
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Turgunova, G. "The World of Ch. Aitmatov in Interpretation and Perception". Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, nr 10 (15.10.2021): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/71/45.
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Research relevance: In the works of Ch. Aitmatov, the cardinal problems of mankind are mainly considered, through which various sections and layers of life are realistically described in their contradiction and dialectical relationship. Research objectives: to reveal the world of Ch. Aitmatov through the interpretation and perception of the works by the readers, to experience, to sympathize with the heroes of the work, and thus, as it were, he makes them responsible for everything that happens on Earth. Research methods and materials: the article is based on a literary review and analysis of the works of the great writer Ch. Aitmatov. Research results: The world of Aitmatov is a world where kindness, love, compassion, respect, friendship and honesty live, and all this is the essence of the Universe itself. The Universe is immense, the Universe is limitless, but it fits into a small human heart, he carries it with him, he lives in it, and he cannot but obey its laws. Conclusions: Modern challenges urge people to be accountable to the Universe and to humanity.
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Li, Yun, Yongyao Jiang, Justin C. Goldstein, Lewis J. Mcgibbney i Chaowei Yang. "A Query Understanding Framework for Earth Data Discovery". Applied Sciences 10, nr 3 (7.02.2020): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031127.
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One longstanding complication with Earth data discovery involves understanding a user’s search intent from the input query. Most of the geospatial data portals use keyword-based match to search data. Little attention has focused on the spatial and temporal information from a query or understanding the query with ontology. No research in the geospatial domain has investigated user queries in a systematic way. Here, we propose a query understanding framework and apply it to fill the gap by better interpreting a user’s search intent for Earth data search engines and adopting knowledge that was mined from metadata and user query logs. The proposed query understanding tool contains four components: spatial and temporal parsing; concept recognition; Named Entity Recognition (NER); and, semantic query expansion. Spatial and temporal parsing detects the spatial bounding box and temporal range from a query. Concept recognition isolates clauses from free text and provides the search engine phrases instead of a list of words. Name entity recognition detects entities from the query, which inform the search engine to query the entities detected. The semantic query expansion module expands the original query by adding synonyms and acronyms to phrases in the query that was discovered from Web usage data and metadata. The four modules interact to parse a user’s query from multiple perspectives, with the goal of understanding the consumer’s quest intent for data. As a proof-of-concept, the framework is applied to oceanographic data discovery. It is demonstrated that the proposed framework accurately captures a user’s intent.
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Rapatskaya, L. A., i V. I. Snetkov. "Features of distance learning by the disciplines in the Earth Sciences direction at a technical university". Earth sciences and subsoil use 43, nr 4 (28.01.2021): 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2020-43-4-499-509.
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: Distance education has become widely used both in Russia and abroad in recent decades. A particularly powerful impetus to distance education technology development and spread was given by the coronavirus pandemic in 2019. To improve learning efficiency in the system of distance education, it was required to refine various and accessible forms of education. It was also necessary to make a wider use of new educational technologies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of the latest educational technologies in the distance learning of students in the disciplines of the Earth Sciences direction at a technical university, as well as to form a modern educational space in online learning and stimulate students' independent work based on the assignments supervised by teachers. The study described in this paper deals with the following application features of distance learning at Irkutsk National Research Technical University: the presentation specifics of the theory and the introduction forms of material for laboratory works, choice of the most effective teaching aids, methodology for the current and final control of students' knowledge. Irkutsk National Research Technical University has chosen Moodle from a wide variety of distance learning systems. The advantage of this system is the ability to perform laboratory, practical and course works, which is important for a technical university, also to conduct tests, the results of which can be monitored by both teachers and students in an electronic gradebook. The distance learning system turned out to be more multisided, but more laborious than in-person training. Moreover, it is also complicated by a number of technical problems. The distance learning process requires the establishment of a certain parity of interests, abilities and opportunities between the teaching (professor/lecturer) and the learning (student) parties. The distance learning system has a number of features that should be taken into account when introducing theoretical and lecture material, which requires a more rigorous selection of files or their conversion into less heavy ones, as well as conciseness and clarity of material presentation. The use of virtual laboratories for carrying out laboratory works, availability of distance technologies for training disabled students and corresponding students is gaining great importance. The research results imply that today distance learning is a necessary part of the educational system along with in-person (full-time) or correspondent (part-time) training and one of the main goals of modern distance learning is the ability to work with information and selfimprovement.
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Xinyi, Ma, i Hua Jing. "Humanity in Science Fiction Movies: A Comparative Analysis of Wandering Earth, The Martian and Interstellar". International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, nr 1 (30.01.2021): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.1.20.
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Wandering Earth, released in 2019, is regarded as a phenomenal film that opens the door to Chinese science fiction movies. The Chinese story in the film has aroused the resonance of domestic audiences, but failed to get high marks on foreign film review websites. In contrast, in recent years, science fiction films in European and American countries are still loved by audiences at home and abroad, such as The Martian and Interstellar, which have both commercial and artistic values. It can be seen that the cultural communication of western science fiction movies is more successful than that of China. Taking the above three works as examples, this paper analyzes the doomsday plot, the beauty of returning home and the role shaping of scientific women in science fiction movies from the perspective of the organic combination of “hard-core elements of science fiction” and “soft value in humanity”, in an attempt to help the foreign cultural communication of domestic science fiction movies. As an attempt to facilitate the global development of Chinese science fiction, this paper concludes that certain Chinese traditional cultural spirit needs further spreading, that Chinese science fiction and humanity should be combined in a more natural way, and that in particular, female character need in depth and multi-dimensional interpretation.
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Viyanant, Chirayus, Ellen M. Rathje i Alan F. Rauch. "Creep of compacted recycled asphalt pavement". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 44, nr 6 (1.06.2007): 687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t07-022.
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Recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) can be beneficially used as fill in the construction of earth structures such as embankments and retaining structures. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the creep response of compacted RAP under sustained deviatoric stresses. Constant stress, consolidated-drained triaxial tests were performed on 100 mm diameter, compacted RAP specimens at multiple confining stresses and deviator stress levels. The test data displayed classic creep behavior, with clearly identifiable primary and secondary creep observed in all specimens. Tertiary creep and creep rupture were observed in specimens tested at larger deviator stress levels. The creep response of RAP was significant at confining pressures less than about 272 kPa, while the creep response was less severe at larger confining pressures. Upper yield stress levels, representing the deviator stress levels below which creep rupture does not occur, were identified and shown to be confining stress dependent. In general, the creep potential of RAP is significant and should be considered in design. The developed creep models can be used to predict the time-dependent deformation of earth structures utilizing RAP backfill.Key words: creep, recycled asphalt pavement, time-dependent behavior, rupture.
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Altuntas, Cihan. "Urban area change visualization and analysis using high density spatial data from time series aerial images". Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 107, nr 1 (11.05.2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2019-0001.
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AbstractUrban changes occur as a result of new constructions or destructions of buildings, extensions, excavation works and earth fill arising from urbanization or disasters. The fast and efficient detection of urban changes enables us to update geo-databases and allows effective planning and disaster management. This study concerns the visualization and analysis of urban changes using multi-period point clouds from aerial images. The urban changes in the city centre of the Konya Metropolitan area within arbitrary periods between the years 1951, 1975, 1998 and 2010 were estimated after comparing the point clouds by using the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. The changes were detected with the point-to-surface distances between the point clouds. The degrees of the changes were expressed with the RMSEs of these point-to-surface distances. In addition, the change size and proportion during the historical periods were analysed. The proposed multi-period change visualization and analysis method ensures strict management against unauthorized building or excavation and more operative urban planning.
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Kuhn, Holger. "Environments of Control in the Films of Melanie Gilligan". REGAC - Revista de Estudios Globales y Arte Contempor�neo 8, nr 1 (22.12.2022): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/regac2022.8.41406.
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Since 2008, the artist Melanie Gilligan has been investigating how the techniques of machinic capitalism have intensified in the face of digital environments. This is expounded upon in three video works in particular. Crisis in the Credit System (2008) raises the question of how the market, controlled by an “invisible hand”, functions as the milieu of an economic subject. Popular Unrest (2010) shows how algorithms intervene in the reproduction of life and, in doing so, not only govern subjects, but interpret their infra- and supraindividual data traces as an environment. In The Common Sense (2014), society regulates itself through a decentralized but omnipresent affective network created by environmentally distributed technologies. In this paper I want to ask what kind of power-formation is sketched by Melanie Gilligan, especially since the focus of all three works is put on the control of environmental factors.
In order to achieve this, I will follow what Foucault developed in his lectures on The Birth of Biopolitics. The power-formation he calls governmentality does not aim at the production of subjects (as disciplinary techniques), but rather at the control over their milieus or environments. I want to show that this is a central aspect of the power formation, that is implicated in the diegetic universes of Gilligan’s films. Additionally I discuss more recent contributions to the question of machinic control: Erich Hörl’s concept of environmentalization, Antointette Rouvroy’s term algorithmic governmentality, Gerald Raunig’s latest thoughts about the dividuum and machinic capitalism, as well as Maurizio Lazzarato who has taken up Deleuze’s and Guattari’s thoughts about asignifying semiotics.
By successively working through Gilligan’s three works, I conclude that the way Gilligan conceives of different formations of control may be analyzed as allegories of historical and technological processes of governmentality, that reach from the 18th century’s milieu of the market to today’s digital milieus.
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Dyman, T. "Antimicrobial effect of essential oils in content of edible films (review)". Tehnologìâ virobnictva ì pererobki produktìv tvarinnictva, nr 1(170) (24.06.2022): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2022-170-1-124-134.
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The globalization of food trade, the growing demand for minimally processed, easy-to-prepare, ready-to-eat food, and the proliferation of centralized food processing pose serious problems for food safety. Outbreaks of infectious diseases of alimentary origin stimulate the search for innovative ways to increase the safety and shelf life of ready-to-eat foods. No less important is the problem of solid waste disposal, a significant share of which is food packaging. Therefore, in the last decade, interest in edible films and packaging has increased significantly. Essential oils are natural antibacterial agents that can be successfully used in edible films as a substitute for synthetic compounds. Numerous studies have shown that antimicrobial films and coatings with the inclusion of essential oils are effective in reducing the level of pathogenic microorganisms such as Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157: H7 and others. Essential oils have the status of GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) registered by the European Commission and the United States. They contain a wide variety of secondary metabolites that are capable of inhibiting or slowing the growth of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. In addition to external application on the surface of food systems, the components of essential oils can diffuse into food to neutralize the target microorganisms. The article summarizes current information on the sources, properties, limitations and potential application of volatile essential oils and their compounds in edible films and packaging to ensure food safety. Despite the many advantages, the inclusion of these compounds in the composition of edible films requires additional research, in particular to determine the optimal inhibitory concentrations, mechanical and functional properties of the films and so on. Key words: essential oils, edible films, antibacterial additives, biodegradation, food safety.
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Beugnet, Martine, i Kriss Ravetto-Biagioli. "The Image Book". Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, nr 23 (15.07.2022): 10–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/alpha.23.01.
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Drawing inspiration from Denis de Rougemont’s 1936 text Penser avec les mains, Jean-Luc Godard’s most recent film brings together what the Swiss philosopher calls “penser engagé” with his own unique kind of “cinéma engagé.” The Image Book (Le Livre d’image, 2018) starts with three image-gestures that punctuate the film: the cropped close-up of the right hand of Leonardo da Vinci’s St. John The Baptist, French illustrator Joseph Pinchon’s drawing of Bécassine with her upwards pointing left hand, and the hands of the filmmaker joining together spools of film at a Steenbeck editing table. Like many other “late” Godard films, The Image Book is a multilayered assemblage of quotations, sounds, music, art and cinematic references. Yet, unlike some of its predecessors, this film questions the monolithic (Occidental) way of seeing the world, including Godard’s younger self. Combining citations from films, works of art and philosophical texts from the Maghreb and the Middle East, the film offers itself as an exercise in “thinking with one’s hands” that results in the unflinching critique of Orientalism in the twenty-first century as well as an imaginative attempt to reach out to, if not join alongside with, the other.
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Ponomarenko, L. "ЕКСПЛІКАЦІЯ АРХЕТИПІВ І СИМВОЛІВ У СУЧАСНИХ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ХУДОЖНІХ ФІЛЬМАХ". State and Regions. Series: Social Communications, nr 2(46) (13.08.2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32840/cpu2219-8741/2021.2(46).2.
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<p><strong><em>The purpose</em></strong><em> of the article is to explicate archetypes and symbols in modern Ukrainian historical films those were made during 2015–2021 term. As an object of research, we selected precisely those modern films of the historical genre, the titles of those are identical to the main character or characters names in the films. At the same time, the fact how real or pseudo-real the prototypes of the main characters of the films selected for analysis were, was not taken to consideration.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology.</em></strong><em> The main general scientific methods that are used in this article are the analysis of literature on the issue under study (on the explication of archetypes and symbols and their use in modern Ukrainian feature films of the historical genre), description (of selected films according to the main criteria – release date, director’s name, screened work), comparative analysis (to clarify the similarities and differences between the archetype and the symbol and types of national archetypes), the method of explication (to clarify the essence of national types of archetypes). In addition, the article uses the following empirical methods: rolling sample (for the selection of relevant films) and content analysis with elements of qualitative analysis (to clarify the use of predominant national archetypes and symbols in the film as means of their implementation).</em></p><p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong><em> It is being explicated that the archetype and symbol are the key concepts of research, although they belong to different fields of study – subconscious, intangible and conscious, material, but complement to each other, expressing the archetypal-symbolic meaning of the message. Therefore, these concepts are not identical or interchangeable, but are closely related. It has also been suggested that national archetypes are based on universal human archetypes.</em></p><p><em>In modern Ukrainian feature films with the main character – a historical or pseudo-historical person</em><em> </em><em>– the following archetypes are clearly expressed: first, the archetype of the earth, which begins to form with the help of shots from the Ukrainian landscape proper and to generalize about Ukraine as a state as a whole; secondly, the archetype of a strong knight, which is overwhelmingly the main character of the film; thirdly, the archetype of freedom, which is created in the process of a knight's struggle for his native land.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> It has been identified that in selected modern Ukrainian feature films of the historical genre, three national Ukrainian archetypes prevail – the archetype of the earth, the strong knight and freedom they are closely related.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical significance.</em></strong><em> The results of the research can be used in writing screenplays and staging them, reviewing films, as well as in the educational process of specialty 021 </em><em>«</em><em>Audiovisual art and production</em><em>»</em><em> students.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> archetype, ethnocultural and national archetypes, symbol, explication, modern Ukrainian feature film, historical genre, archetype of earth, freedom and a strong knight.</em></p>
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Smith, E. G. C., i H. Anderson. "Workshop on the deformation of the Wellington region". Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 22, nr 1 (31.03.1989): 2–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.22.1.2-38.
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The workshop was held in Wellington on September 19 and 20, 1988. It was preceded by a field trip on September 18 to look at the evidence of recent movements on the Wairarapa Fault, and followed by a similar trip to sites on the Wellington Fault on September 25. It was attended by 33 scientists and engineers interested in earthquakes, earth deformation and seismic hazard from Geophysics Division, NZ Geological Survey, Division of Land and Soil Science, Division of Water Sciences, and Physics and Engineering Laboratory of DSIR, Works and Development Corporation, and the Research School of Earth Sciences of Victoria University of Wellington. The purpose of the workshop was to determine the extent of existing data on the subject and then identify what new, feasible projects could fill gaps in the knowledge with an ultimate objective, among others, of enabling a refined estimate of seismic hazard in the region to be made. Those making presentations at the workshop were asked to provide in advance an abstract of their material that was as quantitative as possible, both to stimulate discussion and act as a permanent record of the workshop. It was judged that many of those attending would have been unable to provide full papers, and these were not sought. A good deal of the material has in fact been previously published, but it was felt that the consolidated Abstracts represented a very useful document for those interested in or working on the Wellington Region.
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Santos, N. F., J. Rodrigues, C. Nico, A. J. S. Fernandes, F. M. Costa i T. Monteiro. "ZnGa2O4:Mn2+ Phosphors Grown by Laser Floating Zone". Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, S5 (sierpień 2012): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612013189.
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Cubic zinc gallate (c-ZnGa2O4) has attracted the attention of the scientific community due to its potential phosphor applications, namely in field emission displays (FEDs) and other electroluminescent devices. Among other advantages, this oxide matrix shows superior thermal and chemical stability when compared to ZnS based phosphors. Most of the above mentioned works comprise nanostructures, thin films or pressed pellets while scarce information is found on bulk c-ZnGa2O4 material. In particular, no records were found regarding c-ZnGa2O4 crystal growth by the laser floating zone (LFZ) technique. In this work, crystalline fibres of manganese doped (0.01 mol %) zinc gallate were produced via LFZ in order to investigate its applicability in efficient phosphors. The transition metal ions are suitable activators and show some advantages over the widely used rare earths, namely at environmental and economic levels.
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Huang, Xin, Dan Lu, Daniel M. Ricciuto, Paul J. Hanson, Andrew D. Richardson, Xuehe Lu, Ensheng Weng i in. "A model-independent data assimilation (MIDA) module and its applications in ecology". Geoscientific Model Development 14, nr 8 (20.08.2021): 5217–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5217-2021.
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Abstract. Models are an important tool to predict Earth system dynamics. An accurate prediction of future states of ecosystems depends on not only model structures but also parameterizations. Model parameters can be constrained by data assimilation. However, applications of data assimilation to ecology are restricted by highly technical requirements such as model-dependent coding. To alleviate this technical burden, we developed a model-independent data assimilation (MIDA) module. MIDA works in three steps including data preparation, execution of data assimilation, and visualization. The first step prepares prior ranges of parameter values, a defined number of iterations, and directory paths to access files of observations and models. The execution step calibrates parameter values to best fit the observations and estimates the parameter posterior distributions. The final step automatically visualizes the calibration performance and posterior distributions. MIDA is model independent, and modelers can use MIDA for an accurate and efficient data assimilation in a simple and interactive way without modification of their original models. We applied MIDA to four types of ecological models: the data assimilation linked ecosystem carbon (DALEC) model, a surrogate-based energy exascale earth system model: the land component (ELM), nine phenological models and a stand-alone biome ecological strategy simulator (BiomeE). The applications indicate that MIDA can effectively solve data assimilation problems for different ecological models. Additionally, the easy implementation and model-independent feature of MIDA breaks the technical barrier of applications of data–model fusion in ecology. MIDA facilitates the assimilation of various observations into models for uncertainty reduction in ecological modeling and forecasting.
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Kack, G. J., M. C. Harris, P. K. Chatterji, D. W. Proudfoot, D. R. Trowsdale i R. R. Thomas. "Use of drainage wicks for an embankment on slickensided clay". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, nr 6 (1.12.1991): 794–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-096.
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The 650-ha cooling pond for the Genesee thermal power plant near Edmonton required more than 15 km of earth-containment dyke up to 25 m high to be constructed on a high plastic clay foundation. Other embankment construction activity at the Genesee site indicated that there was very little dissipation of construction pore pressure in the foundation clay and that embankment heights of more than 6 m would require stabilization measures. The high portions of the cooling-pond dyke were built in three stages between 1982 and 1986. An extensive instrumentation monitoring program was established to control the rate of fill placement during construction. Counterbalancing earth berms were used to stabilize most of the high sections of dyke. During the later stages of dyke construction, lack of dissipation of high excess pore pressure in the foundation clay indicated that the sole use of counterbalancing berms might not provide sufficient stabilization. Prefabricated drainage wicks were used as an additional measure to lower the foundation pore pressures under the counterbalancing berms in these critical areas. Spacing of the wick drains was determined by applying Hansbo's wick-drain theory and from data collected from a wick-drain test section. Additional piezometers were installed prior to wick installation to assess the effectiveness of the wicks. Over 14 000 wick drains were installed at spacings of 2.5–2.75 m to a maximum depth of 26 m below the top of the berm. The installation procedures are discussed, along with difficulties of installation. The wicks were very effective in lowering the foundation pore pressures and improving dyke stability. Instrument monitoring data used to assess the wick-drain performance and to control the rate of construction during dyke completion are presented and discussed. Key words: drainage wick, high plastic clay, pore pressure, dissipation, deep, fill, dyke, instrumentation, monitoring.
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Kim, Hee-Jung. "Kieślowski’s Film World Seen through Documentary: Focusing on Hospital, Seven Women of Different Ages and Dworzec". East European and Balkan Institute 46, nr 2 (31.05.2022): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.25.
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Polish film director Krzysztof Kieślowski has directed twenty-one documentaries. His films, which have consistently offered insights into “human” and ontological concerns, began with documentaries. Kieślowski employed his unique ethical sensibility in his move from pure documentary to feature film, and even in his feature films portrays an essential, poignant and detailed portrait of what it means to be “human”. In his early works, Kieślowski explored aspects of ordinary people's lives against the background of the political situation in Poland. In his feature films, he paints a portrait of an essential “human” with whom people can universally sympathize; these are not just stories of Polish people, but of Europe. In this study, the director’s film world is analyzed focusing on three of Kieślowski’s documentary films: Hospital (Szpital), Seven Women of Different Ages (Siedem kobiet w różnym wieku), and Central Station (Dworzec). In particular, by examining the techniques of Kieślowski’s three later documentary films, this study investigates the trajectory of his film world just prior to his shift into feature film. Hospital follows orthopedic surgeons for thirty-two hours through their point-of-view, revealing how they retained their humanity even in the harshest conditions. In Seven Women of Different Ages, the lives of seven ballerinas of different ages are sequentially shown during the course of one week. In Central Station, a surveillance camera, the story of the man behind it, and the ordinary people he watches are captured with the director’s unique, sharp perspective. This study also looks into why Kieślowski felt the need to shift from the documentary genre to feature films, concluding that the director’s will to portray what it means to be “human” could be more freely represented in feature films over documentaries.
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Feng, Mao, Lyu Wenhui, Yang Xinle i Wu Biyu. "Romantic Narrative in the Film The Battle at Lake Changjin". International Journal of English and Comparative Literary Studies 3, nr 1 (19.02.2022): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/ijecls.v3i1.415.
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Chen Kaige, a famous Chinese “scholar-type director”, usually contains rich cultural connotations in his films and his works are always full of Chen Kaige-style romanticism. Although he is good at narrative, making The Battle of Changjin Lake a pure war film is a challenge. Therefore, this article takes the film as the research focus. The analysis of aesthetic elements, such as scenes and scope, picture composition, color and so on, expounds into detail the narrative style of romanticism displayed by Chen Kaige in the film.
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Borg, Dan, Ian Rutherfurd i Mike Stewardson. "The geomorphic and ecological effectiveness of habitat rehabilitation works: Continuous measurement of scour and fill around large logs in sand-bed streams". Geomorphology 89, nr 1-2 (wrzesień 2007): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.027.
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GÜRAL, Ufuk. "“GLADYATÖR” FİLMİNİN ARKEOLOJİK AÇIDAN İNCELENMESİ A REVIEW OF “GLADIATOR” FROM THE ARCHEOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW". IEDSR Association 6, nr 14 (26.07.2021): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.317.
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Epic Films, which is an important genre in cinema, have always won the appreciation of the audience and have been most popular in the 1950s and 60s with their samples that depict the “Antique Age”. The samples of this genre, that educate while entertain are still being made today. After the 2000 movie "Gladiator", many Epics have being produced. One of the best Epic Films, director Ridley Scott's 2000 film "Gladiator" is successful not only in terms of cinematic point of view but also in terms of its reflecting archaeological facts correctly. The film successfully transferred history to the pellicule in terms of venues, art design, accessories and the story line. In "Gladiator", director Ridley Scott gathered all the elements of Gladiator Films, -a subgenre of Peplas made in Italy in the 1960s- and reflected them in one film only. “Gladiator”, combines the themes of Peplas, such as Rome, gladiators, arenas, slaves and cruel rulers in a single work. The starting point of the movie is the competitions held in the Arena in the Ancient Age. Arenas are a platform not only individuals show themselves, but also the rulers to prove their power. In our study, starting from the formation of Amphitheaters, we examine the Arena Phenomenon, Gladiator Films and the place of "Gladiator" in between the similar works, respectively.
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GEDİK, Yeliz. "Çalışma Takımlarında Hiyerarşi ve Yardım Etme Davranışı: Meşruiyet Algısının Rolü". Journal of Yaşar University 17, nr 67 (31.07.2022): 718–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.1079906.
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Despite the prevalence of hierarchies in work life, much research has focused on their performance outcomes, paying little attention to how hierarchies affect cooperative behavior among the members of organizational units. In an effort to fill this gap, the current research investigates the relationship between the degree of hierarchy and members’ helping behavior in organizational work teams. Results from a field study conducted with 393 members of 60 work teams show that, at the team-level, hierarchies are negatively associated with helping behavior in organizational work teams, and that this relationship is moderated by members’ perceptions of hierarchy legitimacy. More specifically, when team members perceive the hierarchy to be less legitimate (i.e., less fair and less proper), hierarchy is even more negatively related to helping behavior. Yet, when team members perceive the hierarchy to be more legitimate, hierarchy does not have such a clear effect on members’ helping behavior. These findings offer important implications for organizations that seek to foster cooperative behavior among their employees and abolish the detriments of hierarchies in this respect.
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Belyanin, A., i I. Egorov. "The Legacy of the Outstanding Economist (The Centenary of Maurice Allais)". Voprosy Ekonomiki, nr 10 (20.10.2011): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2011-10-4-15.
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The paper is devoted to Maurice Allais, the Nobel prize winner and one of the most original and deep-thinking economist whose centenary is celebrated this year. The authors describe his contributions to economics, and his place in contemporary science - economics and physics, as well as his personality and philosophy. Scientific works by Allais, albeit translated into Russian, still remain little known. The present article aims to fill this gap and to pay tribute to this outstanding intellectual and academic, who deceased last year, aged 99.
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Maksimov, Yuri, i Alfia Mambetova. "SOVIET ARTIST DANIIL CHERKES: FROM THE SOUTHERN SEAS TO THE POLAR REGION". LIFE OF THE EARTH 44, nr 2 (11.05.2022): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m3029.0514-7468.2022_44_2/213-227.
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The article explores the life of the Soviet artist Daniil Yakovlevich Cherkes (1899-1971). After graduating from the Vkhutemas (Higher Artisic and Technical Workshops) in 1923, he worked as a set painter and stage artist at the First Theater of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic under the direction of Vsevolod Meyerhold, taking part also in the creation of the first Soviet animated films, and working with graphic media. In the mid-1930s Cherkes started to improve his skills in easel painting. During the World War II, he made agitation posters for the Soviet news agency TASS. Daniil Cherkes traveled a lot and created many accomplished works of art inspired by northern and southern seas, urban architecture, and the grandeur of wild nature. The article discusses six of his Far North landscape paintings in the collection of the Earth Science Museum at Moscow State University. Cherkes created these paintings in 1952-1954 while taking part in trips organized by Moscow State University. He continued his trips to the Arctic and painted its landscapes in the years that followed. The illustrated travel album The Exotic in the Ordinary: From Kerch to Henichesk, published in 1965, was inspired by the painter’s numerous journeys to Crimea after 1950
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Anthony Dominguez. "Mechapocalypse". Journal of Anime and Manga Studies 3 (14.12.2022): 240–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.jams.v3.926.
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In 1988, Tomino Yoshiyuki released Char’s Counterattack, the filmic conclusion to the nine year saga he had begun with the original anime series, Mobile Suit Gundam (1979). Set in a distant and alternate future where war is fought in giant humanoid robots known as “mobile suits,” Char’s Counterattack centers on the final battle between the Democratic Earth Federation and the fascist Neo Zeon Empire. This essay examines Char’s Counterattack as its own watershed moment for the Gundam franchise wherein Gundam would begin to spin-off into multiple media and other franchises, including more anime and films, but also manga, toys, novels, and later video games, all of which would be exported throughout the world, giving rise to Gundam’s global popularity. In reading the explosion of the Gundam franchise alongside its roots in the genre of “real robot” anime, this essay postulates that the destruction of real robots in Char’s Counterattack allegorizes the concept of C ool Japan. In doing so, this essay traces the production and exportation of Gundam’s media to both East Asia in the 1980s and North America in the early aughts, thereby repositioning the pivotal role Char’s Counterattack plays in the growth of otaku culture alongside other works in the anime canon, such as Akira (1988) and Neon Genesis Evangelion (1995).
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Banjaransari, Tunggul. "Ketahanan Diri Pencipta Film Goyang Kubur di antara Film yang Lengah terhadap Goyangan Modal". ANDHARUPA: Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual & Multimedia 8, nr 3 (27.01.2023): 368–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/andharupa.v8i3.5705.
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AbstrakGoyang kubur merupakan penggalan dari judul film pendek Goyang Kubur Mandi Darah yang disutradarai oleh Azzam Fi Rullah (2018). Film ini muncul diantara pemandangan umum film-film di Indonesia yang makin mendekati kesempurnaan dalam aspek nilai produksinya. Sebuah anomali, Azam menggunakan pendekatan B-rated, diantara film-film yang mengejar kualitas tertentu. Pada kasus perjalanan karir Edwin, ia berbelok pada arena film komersial, optimalisasi produk telah mengabaikan gagasan pada karya-karya berikutnya. Padahal beberapa film pendek-nya, memiliki gagasan yang mampu menghasilkan diskursus baru. Film pendek seringkali lekat dengan cerminan semangat kolektivitas dan komunal, bergeser pada kelompok pembuat film yang mendapatkan dana bantuan dari pemerintah. Peta pembuatan film pendek berubah, hanya sebatas menjadi ajang latihan kemampuan mengoptimalkan nilai produksi bagi pembuat film untuk membuat film yang ‘serius’ (film panjang). Untuk mengurai permasalahan ini, penulis menggunakan eksistensialisme dan intepretasi sebagai pisau bedahnya. Konsentrasi analisisnya terletak pada karakter utama dalam film-film karya Edwin, beberapa sampel film yang dihasilkan dari program Danais Yogyakarta, dan film Goyang Kubur Mandi Darah. Karakter utama menjadi pintu masuk bagi penulis, untuk mengurai upaya pembuat film dalam mengemukakan pendapatnya tentang peristiwa yang terjadi pada dunia cerita dan dunia nyata. Kata Kunci: Anomali Film, Pergeseran Budaya Penciptaan Film, Nilai Produksi Film AbstractGoyang kubur (dancing on grave) is a fragment of I Dance on Your Grave, a short film directed by Azzam Fi Rullah (2018). The film stands out among the others that nearly perfected its production value. In between films that pursue particular qualities, as an anomaly, Azzam makes use of the B-rated approach to his film. In the course of Edwin’s career, he turned to the arena of commercial film, in which the product optimization has taken his ideas for granted. His works of short films generated new perspectives and discourse. Short films are often attached to the spirit of collectivity and communality, which shifted to a group of filmmakers who gained funding from the government. The map of short filmmaking changes to a sort of practicing field to optimize the production value for filmmakers aiming the ‘serious’ films (feature film). To unravel this problem, the writers utilized the existentialist approach to interpret such a phenomenon. The analysis focused on the main characters in Edwin’s works, a few samples from the film funded by Danais Yogyakarta, and I Dance on Your Grave. The main characters function as the entry to examine the filmmakers’ effort to put their ideas on real and fictional events. Keywords: Film Anomaly, The Impact of Filmmaking Production Culture, Film Production Value
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Sarrasin, Oriane, Fabienne Crettaz von Roten i Fabrizio Butera. "Who’s to Act? Perceptions of Intergenerational Obligation and Pro-Environmental Behaviours among Youth". Sustainability 14, nr 3 (26.01.2022): 1414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031414.
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“We are all in the same boat” are words heard from young climate activists, suggesting that all generations must engage together in the fight against climate change. However, because of their age and life situation, some young people may feel unable to change the situation and attribute the moral obligation to do so to older generations. Whether such attributions restrict young people from engaging in pro-environmental behaviours remains largely unstudied. To fill this gap, the present study incorporated perceptions of self-efficacy, feelings of external control, and intergenerational obligation (i.e., believing that all generations should act) into the Value–Belief–Norm model. Data from high school (n = 639) and bachelor (n = 1509) students in French-speaking Switzerland showed that perceptions of self-efficacy and intergenerational obligation predicted the probability of engaging in both an actual behaviour (Study 1) and a costly educational commitment (Study 2), while perceiving that the fate of the Earth lies in the hands of powerful others did not. These results suggest that educational programs on climate change should integrate intergenerational components.
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Sargand, Shad M., i Teruhisa Masada. "Performance of large-diameter honeycomb-design HDPE pipe under a highway embankment". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, nr 5 (1.10.2000): 1099–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t00-034.
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This paper presents field performance data on a 1.07 m (42 in.) diameter, honeycomb (HC) design HDPE pipe which is buried under 15.85 m (52 ft) of fill at a highway construction site in Ohio. The pipe was instrumented with six biaxial strain gages to monitor strains during initial backfilling and earth-pressure cells for measuring load for about 1 year. A portable linear variable displacement transducer device was used to detect changes in vertical and horizontal diameters at mid-length sections. The pipe performance has been monitored for 386 days. The vertical and horizontal deflections of the test pipe stabilized at 10% and +3%, respectively. The pipe exhibited localized short-wave deformations and inner wall tearing at springline due to combined actions from bending and ring compression. Elastic solutions of Burns and Richard and a finite element computer code CANDE-89 were applied with long-term moduli specified for the pipe material to evaluate their analytical results in relation to the measured field pipe performance.Key words: field performance, plastic pipe, highway embankment, deep burial, finite element.
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Mikhaylova, Svetlana I. "Beautifiers of Russian Palestine: Vasily Paskhin". Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 66 (2022): 333–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2022-66-333-352.
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Russian religious art of the 19th century in the Soviet years did not correspond to the official ideological direction, in connection with which many of these works were destroyed, and the names of their authors were forgotten. In this sense, those works of Russian artists that have been preserved in the churches and metochions of the Holy Land allow us to restore these names and fill the lacunae of domestic art. The paper represents an attempt to establish the facts of the creative biography of one of these artists — Vasily Filippovich Paskhin, whose icon-painting works were preserved at the Alexander Podvorie (Metochion) in Jerusalem. The author refers to the surviving documents of the Imperial Orthodox Palestinian Society (IOPS), to documentary descriptions of the lost church monuments of St. Petersburg, to the materials of restoration work carried out in 2006 at the Alexander Podvorie, and also analyzes the surviving works of Paskhin. Basing on the studies conducted, the author made a number of assumptions regarding the biography of the artist, the issue of his possible belonging to the famous St. Petersburg Peshekhonovs Icon Painting workshop, as well as the circumstances of ordering icons for the Alexander Podvorie and the participation of Archpriest Vasily Yakovlevich Mikhailovsky, an active member of the IOPS. Since the name of Paskhin is not found in the lists of the Academy of Arts, or in other lists of Russian professional artists, or in materials devoted to the study of the work of the Peshekhonovs workshop, the author suggests that Vasily Filippovich was a unique native talent that independently comprehended the heights of icon painting skill.