Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Fibre”
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Hasham, Md, V. Reddy Srinivasa, M. V. Seshagiri Rao i S. Shrihari. "Flexural behaviour of basalt fibred concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars". E3S Web of Conferences 309 (2021): 01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130901055.
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In this paper, the flexural behaviour of M30 grade basalt fibred concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars are studied and compared with slabs made with steel rebars. The optimum percentage of basalt is 0.3% for 50mm length basalt fibres. Due to high particle packing density in concrete made with basalt fibre micro cracks are prevented due to enhanced fatigue and stress dissipation capacity. Addition of basalt fibres to enhances the energy absorbtion capacity or toughness thereby enhancing the resistance to local damage and spalling. Addition of basalt fibres controlled the crack growth and crack width. Load at first crack of M30 grade basalt fibred concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars is more than M30 grade conventional concrete slabs made with steel rebars because the with addition of basalt and BFRP bars will make either the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) strong or due to bond strength of concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars. The ultimate strength in M30 grade basalt fibred concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars is more than conventional concrete slabs made with steel rebars. Deflection at the centre of M30 grade basalt fibred concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars is almost double than the conventional concrete slabs made with steel rebars. Toughness indices evaluated for M30 grade basalt fibred concrete slabs made with basalt fibre reinforced polymer rebars indicates that basalt fibre and BFRP bars will enhance the energy absorbtion capacity of slabs.
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Parasakthibala, Ms G., i Mrs A. S. Monisha. "A Review on Natural Fibers; Its Properties and Application Over Synthetic Fibers". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 8 (31.08.2022): 1894–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46530.
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Abstract: Fibre is a long, thin strand or thread of material made by weaving or knitting threads together. Fibre is a hair like strand of material. A fibre is the smallest visible unit of any textile product. Fibres are flexible and may be spun into yarn and made into fabric. Natural fibres are taken from animals, vegetables or mineral sources. A few examples of widely used natural fibres include animal fibre such as wool and silk vegetables fibres, especially cotton and flax and asbestos, a mineral. Natural fibers are more important part in our human environment. Natural fibers are ecofriendly and inexpensive which are readily available in nature. In this chapter we discuss about the overview of natural fiber and their characteristic. this paper also deals with the impact of natural fibers over the synthetic fibers and also the application of natural fiber in various fields.
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Amir, Norlaili, Faiz Ahmad i Puteri S. M. Megat Yusoff. "Char Strength of Wool Fibre Reinforced Epoxy-Based Intumescent Coatings (FRIC)". Advanced Materials Research 626 (grudzień 2012): 504–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.626.504.
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Fire protective intumescent coating cannot insulate a base material effectively if its char lacks mechanical strength. This research therefore, studied the effects of fibre reinforcement to epoxy-based intumescent coatings char strength. The fibres used include glass wool fibre, Rockwool fibre and ceramic wool fibre of 10mm length. The three formulations mechanical performances were compared to both, a famous commercial intumescent coating and a control formulation without fibre. These coatings were fire tested up to 800°C in an electric furnace for an hour. Their chars mechanical properties were evaluated for char resistance test using predetermined weight loads. In the test, masses from 100g to 3600g were loaded continuously on top of the chars where the fibre reinforced intumescent coating (FRIC) has shown better strength and resistance to deformation. As a result, they produced lower percentage of height reduction i.e. 34% - 83% different when compared to unreinforced coating. Control char also ruptured at as low as 4N load. It was deduced that fire insulative wool fibres are effective reinforcement for improved char strength of the FRIC.
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Katarpawar, Raghvendra. "Review on Strengthening the Characteristics of Concrete Using Oil Coated Coconut Fibre". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, nr VI (30.06.2021): 3844–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35954.
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Sustainability is a widely acknowledged concept in modern day construction scenario. Although the construction industry is transforming in a substantial way in terms of the material used and the equipment used, the construction cost has risen steeply along with the worse impact on the environment due to this it has resulted in the acceptance of method like the use of natural fiber for example Coconut fibre for improving the strength of concrete. Coconut fiber is easily and widely available in abundance, which makes it fairly sustainable as form of reinforcement material in concrete. The use of coconut fibre as in form of reinforcement has also emerged as new source of income for the coconut producer. In addition, it can also be seen as a new effective way for the discarding of coir mattress wastage. The major problem of coconut fibre i.e. high water absorption rate of the fibre can be reduced to certain extent by coating the fibres with appropriate oil. In addition to this, the fibres which are naturally occurring is also ecologically sustainable and can lower the global carbon track effectively. This study aims to analyse the difference in strength of coconut fibre (processed fibres coated with oil and oil raw fibres coated with oil) reinforced concrete at various fibre contents and to collate it with the traditional concrete. The different strength aspects which are analysed in this study are the tensile, compressive and flexural strength of the concrete reinforced with coconut fibre at different percentages like 4%, 5% & 6% by the weight of cement of fibre. The optimum percentage of the raw fibre meshes and processed fibre were found and the optimum percentage of super-plasticizer required for the desired workability was also examined.
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Ortega, Raquel, Mario D. Monzón, Zaida C. Ortega i Eoin Cunningham. "Study and fire test of banana fibre reinforced composites with flame retardance properties". Open Chemistry 18, nr 1 (7.04.2020): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2020-0025.
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AbstractThe interest in natural fibre reinforced composites is growing in industrial applications due to natural fibres being an attractive alternative to synthetic fibres. However, it is necessary to improve the fire behaviour of the material because natural fibres have a high combustibility. The objective of this work is to evaluate the fire resistance of polymer composites reinforced with natural fibre fabric, using magnesium hydroxide as flame retardant for the polymeric matrix and alkali treatment for the fibre. The types of fabric are banana, banana with cotton and linen; and long banana fibre has been used for the formation of a nonwoven. The fire test is carried out based on ISO 9773 standard and the effect of the additive has been studied, chemical treatment, type of fabric and number of layers. Through statistical analysis, it is concluded that the flame propagation speed has a decreasing relation with respect to the percentage, but it decreases the mechanical properties considerably. In addition, the number of layers and type of fabric influence the fire properties. Finally, it is concluded that composites reinforced with linen fabric have the best mechanical properties, but banana nonwoven with 60% additive has the best fire behaviour.
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Ghazzawi, Yousof M., Andres F. Osorio i Michael T. Heitzmann. "Fire performance of continuous glass fibre reinforced polycarbonate composites: The effect of fibre architecture on the fire properties of polycarbonate composites". Journal of Composite Materials 53, nr 12 (23.10.2018): 1705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318808052.
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The fire performance of polycarbonate resin and the role of glass fibre reinforcement in altering the fire performance was investigated. Three different fibre weaves with comparable surface density, plain, twill, and unidirectional glass fabrics, were used as reinforcements. E-glass fabrics were solution-impregnated with polycarbonate/dichloromethyl, laid up, and compression-moulded to consolidate the glass fibre reinforced polycarbonate composite. Cone calorimetry tests with an incident radiant flux of 35 kW/m2 were used to investigate the fire properties of polycarbonate resin and its composites. Results showed that glass fibre reinforcement improves polycarbonate performance by delaying its ignition, decreasing its heat release rate, and lowering the mass loss rate. The three fibre weave types exhibited similar time to ignition. However, unidirectional fibre had a 35% lower peak heat release rate followed when compared to plain and twill weave fibres.
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Uwaremhevho Momodu, Daniel. "SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION OF LINEN FIBER AND ITS DYE-FASTNESS ASSESSMENT USING (4-[(E)-(4-AMINO-2-HYDROXYPHENYL) DIAZENYL] BENZENE- 1-SULPHONIC ACID AND 4-[(E)-(4-{(Z)-[4-(DIMETHYLAMINO) PHENYL] DIAZENYL}-2-HYDROXYPHENYL) DIAZENYL] BENZENE-1-SULPHONIC ACI". Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology 30, nr 3 (14.12.2023): 030118(1–9). http://dx.doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-03-e03039.
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Textile fibres find application in many fields, such as; Apparel manufacturing, Medical, Agriculture, Packaging, Civil construction, Shipping. Some of these fibres lack special characteristics required for some specific application without any additional treatment. Large scale production of linen fibre has been limited by the tendency of the fibre to absorb water, degradation by micro-organisms and sunlight. These factors ultimately lower the strength and the service life of the fibre. Hence, the need to improve the hydrophobicity of natural linen fibre before application. Poor dye-fibre interaction has been an area of constant interest in the textile industry. This has been expressed by bleeding, crocking, bleaching of fabric resulting to fading of the fabric. These shortcomings are sometimes due to poor treatment, manufacturing processes and customer handling. Natural linen fiber is an eco-friendly ligno-cellulosic fiber known for its strength, resistance to degradation, hydrophobicity when pointedly modified. In this research, chemical modification of scoured and bleached linen fibre by Acetylation, Methylation and Benzoylation was carried out. The chemically modified fibres were evaluated by techniques such as SEM and FTIR spectroscopy. The mechanical property (strength) was determined after each modification. The result obtained revealed an absorption band at 3432 cm-1 - 3450 cm-1 confirming the OH group in the linen fibre. The band at 704 cm-1 indicated the presence of a benzene ring from benzoyl chloride. The chemical modification changed the morphology of the linen fibre for improved dye–fibre interaction. The chemically modified species were dyed and further subjected to a dye fastness test. The results revealed at 4.33a ± 0.69, 5.00a ± 0.00 and 4.67a ± 0.58 as against3.00a±1.00, 3.33a±0.58 and 2.67a±0.58 for light fastness, wash fastness and rub fastness respectively when subjected to ANOVA analysis. In conclusion, benzoylated linen fibre was observed to most improved dye-fibre interaction.
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Xiao, Jie, Han Shi, Lei Tao, Liangliang Qi, Wei Min, Hui Zhang, Muhuo Yu i Zeyu Sun. "Effect of Fibres on the Failure Mechanism of Composite Tubes under Low-Velocity Impact". Materials 13, nr 18 (17.09.2020): 4143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184143.
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Filament-wound composite tubular structures are frequently used in transmission systems, pressure vessels, and sports equipment. In this study, the failure mechanism of composite tubes reinforced with different fibres under low-velocity impact (LVI) and the radial residual compression performance of the impacted composite tubes were investigated. Four fibres, including carbon fiber-T800, carbon fiber-T700, basalt fibre, and glass fibre, were used to fabricate the composite tubes by the winding process. The internal matrix/fibre interface of the composite tubes before the LVI and their failure mechanism after the LVI were investigated by scanning electric microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography, respectively. The results showed that the composite tubes mainly fractured through the delamination and fibre breakage damage under the impact of 15 J energy. Delamination and localized fibre breakage occur in the glass fibre-reinforced composite (GFRP) and basalt fibre-reinforced composite (BFRP) tubes when subjected to LVI. While fibre breakage damage occurs globally in the carbon fibre-reinforced composite (CFRP) tubes. The GFRP tube showed the best impact resistance among all the tubes investigated. The basalt fibre-reinforced composite (BFRP) tube exhibited the lowest structural impact resistance. The impact resistance of the CFRP-T700 and CFRP-T800 tube differed slightly. The radial residual compression strength (R-RCS) of the BFRP tube is not sensitive to the impact, while that of the GFRP tube is shown to be highly sensitive to the impact.
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Mathew, Merin, Kamalakanth Shenoy i Ravishankar K. S. "Evaluation of Porosity and Water Sorption in Conventionally Cured Modified Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin - An In Vitro Study". Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, nr 13 (29.03.2021): 930–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/201.
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BACKGROUND Dimensional change and porosity in the polymethylmethacrylate based prosthesis affects its clinical performance. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the porosity and water sorption present in the modified polymethyl methacrylate polymer composite. METHODS Control group without fibre reinforcement and test groups with fibre reinforcement were prepared for the study. Three different fibres such as boron free-E glass fibre, untreated and plasma-treated polypropylene fibres in varying weight percentage and aspect ratio were considered for reinforcement. The porosity of the fractured surface was observed through a scanning electron microscope (scanning electron microscope) and sorption measured based on international standards organization (ISO) 1567:1999. RESULTS Control group exhibited porous structures, whereas all fibre-reinforced groups did not exhibit porous structure at the fracture surface. There was a significant difference in the sorption rate between control and test group (p < 0.001). Among fibrereinforced test groups, boron free E glass fibre reinforced polymethylmethacrylate exhibited maximum sorption followed by polypropylene fibre reinforced polymer test groups (p < 0.001). However, all samples showed sorption rate within the ISO specification. CONCLUSIONS Fiber reinforcement is an effective method to reduce porosity and water sorption in polymethylmethacrylate based polymer composite regardless of the fibre type. KEY WORDS Polymer Composite, Porosity, Water Sorption, Fiber Reinforcement, Polymethylmethacrylate
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Schabowicz, Krzysztof, Tomasz Gorzelańczyk i Mateusz Szymków. "Identification of the Degree of Degradation of Fibre-Cement Boards Exposed to Fire by Means of the Acoustic Emission Method and Artificial Neural Networks". Materials 12, nr 4 (21.02.2019): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040656.
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This paper presents the results of research aimed at identifying the degree of degradation of fibre-cement boards exposed to fire. The fibre-cement board samples were initially exposed to fire at various durations in the range of 1–15 min. The samples were then subjected to three-point bending and were investigated using the acoustic emission method. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were employed to analyse the results yielded by the acoustic emission method. Fire was found to have a degrading effect on the fibres contained in the boards. As the length of exposure to fire increased, the fibres underwent gradual degradation, which was reflected in a decrease in the number of acoustic emission (AE) events recognised by the artificial neural networks as accompanying the breaking of the fibres during the three-point bending of the sample. It was shown that it is not sufficient to determine the degree of degradation of fibre-cement boards solely on the basis of bending strength (MOR).
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Wang, Peng. "Research on the Design and Use of Structures and Components Made from Fibre Composite Materials". Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (maj 2012): 782–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.782.
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Fibres composite materials designed as glass fibre, carbon fibre and aramid fibre. They were used for chemical resistance, compressive strength, stiffness, impact resistance, and fire resistance. However, they had a number of limitations, including vandalism, accidental damage, short-term durability, high cost, and suitably qualified staff shortage. These problems could be solved by appropriate monitoring, suitably qualified designers and contractors. The design and use of fibre composite materials has become an important aspect of engineering.
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Vasumathi, M., i Murali Vela. "Mechanical Behaviour of Chemically Treated Reshira-Epoxy Composite at Cryogenic Temperatures". Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (marzec 2012): 718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.718.
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Natural fiber composite has already proved its worth in various mechanical applications. Natural fibres with attractive properties such as low density, environment-friendliness and less processing work are widely available and provide an alternative to the conventional fibres. In this paper, the fibre reshira has been tried for the first time for cryogenic applications. Initially, the fibre is given chemical treatment with sodium hydroxide solution to enhance the adhesion between the fibre and the resin. The treated fibre is reinforced with epoxy resin and its properties such as storage modulus, loss modulus and Glass Transition Temperature are evaluated both at room temperature and under cryogenic conditions and these are compared to see which condition produces better mechanical performance.
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Razali, M. F., S. A. H. A. Seman i T. W. Theng. "Effect of Fiber Misalignment on Mechanical and Failure Response of Kenaf Composite under Compressive Loading". Journal of Mechanical Engineering 18, nr 2 (15.04.2021): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v18i2.15152.
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The use of kenaf fibres has grown unexpectedly in the world as they help to establish green materials in automobile, sports and food packaging industries. Over the past few decades, unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites have been extensively used in industry due to their high specific strength characteristics. During manufacturing process, several defects especially fiber misalignment might exist in the unidirectional composite structure. This kind of deviation from its optimal parallel packing in a unidirectional fibre reinforced composite would influence its overall load-bearing efficiency. Performance data of kenaf composite due to this imperfection, however, is very limited in the literature. In this regard, the effects of fibre misalignments on the unidirectional kenaf composite compressive reaction have been studied. For this reason, pultruded kenaf composite specimens with different fibre alignment from 00 to 20 at 2.1 and 8.4 mm/s strain rates were subjected to a range of compression measures. The findings revealed that, the failure strain seems to be almost constant at value of 0.05 and 0.063 while the failure stress decreases from 140Mpa until 120MP when the fibre alignment increases when loaded within a range of 2.1~8.4s-1. Additionally, under increased fiber misalignment and strain rate, fibre plastic microbuckling, fibre breakage, fibre splitting and fibre matrix debonding was progressively formed on the specimen.
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Prabakaran, E., D. Vasanth Kumar, A. Jaganathan, P. Ashok Kumar i M. Veeerapathran. "Analysis on Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Concrete Composite for Industrial Flooring – A Review". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2272, nr 1 (1.07.2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2272/1/012026.
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Abstract Fiber composites are the having an good scope in construction industry as they are light in weight, durable, economic, and resistant to temperatures. Many researchers concentrate on the composites for the industrial flooring with the fibers. The main objective of this paper is to review the fiber reinforced epoxy for industrial flooring. Epoxy can be used as flooring elements in industries as they deliver good performance. Since, natural and synthetic fibres can be used with filler matrices, which are very much cheaper than the conventional steel fibres reinforced composite concrete flooring and other type of composites here fibre is considered for reinforcing with epoxy or polymer concrete filler matrix. Fibre-polymer and fibre-concrete composite properties has been reviewed for testing procedure for flexural test, bending test, tensile test and based on the results, it is clear that the fibre-polymer concrete composite, which has good mechanical properties and performance than the mentioned composites, can be made for industrial flooring
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Mahltig, Boris. "High-Performance Fibres – A Review of Properties and IR-Spectra". TEKSTILEC 64, nr 2 (27.03.2021): 96–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec2021.64.96-118.
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High-performance fibres are fibre materials that exhibit at least one extraordinary property compared to con¬ventional fibre materials. That extraordinary property is frequently related to excellent fibre stability against certain influences such as fire, heat, chemicals or light. Also, a high mechanical strength is often a property of high-performance fibres. Nevertheless, it should be noted that high-performance fibres exhibit certain weak¬nesses in addition to their advantages. This review presents a broad overview of the most important high-per¬formance fibres, with a special emphasis on their chemical structure and related infrared spectra (IR-spectra). The categorization of the fibres according to chemical substance classes was performed to make it easy for the reader to find a fibre of interest. The main categories are polyethylene (PE) fibres, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres, polyvinylalcohol (PVAL) fibres, polyester-based fibres, polyamide-based fibres, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) fibres, polyimide (PI) fibres, halogen-containing fibres, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS fibres), resin-based fibres and finally inorganic fibres. Competing materials are also discussed, and structural related materials can be easily identified. In addition to discussing fibre properties and selected applications, one of the main aims is to present a various number of IR-spectra as a tool for structural understanding and to help identify unknown fibres. Here, beside the IR-spectra of high-performance fibres, the reference IR-spectra of common fibres are presented for comparison.
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Subramanya, Raghavendra, i S. S. Prabhakara. "Surface Modification of Banana Fiber and its Influence on Performance of Biodegradable Banana-Cassava Starch Composites". Applied Mechanics and Materials 895 (listopad 2019): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.895.15.
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Natural fibers, in particularly lignocellulosic fibers are attracting material scientists now days, due to their comparative advantages over synthetic fibers. Biodegradable composites reinforced with short banana fibre after alkali treatment along with cassava starch matrix were prepared using the hot compression method. The mechanical properties like tensile strength and impact strength were investigated. Mechanical properties of the composites made from alkali treated fibres were superior to the untreated fibres. SEM observations on the fracture surface of composites showed that the surface modification of the fibre occurred and improved fibre–matrix adhesion. Keywords: Surface modification; banana fiber; Biodegradable composites; Mechanical properties; Matrix.
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Bamigboye, Gideon, Ben Ngene, Omotolani Aladesuru, Oluwaseun Mark, Dunmininu Adegoke i Kayode Jolayemi. "Compressive Behaviour of Coconut Fibre (Cocos nucifera) Reinforced Concrete at Elevated Temperatures". Fibers 8, nr 1 (1.01.2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib8010005.
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Fire outbreaks in buildings have been a major concern in the world today. The integrity of concrete is usually questioned due to the fact that after these fire outbreaks the strength of the concrete is reduced considerably. Various methods have been adopted to improve the fire resistance property of concrete. This study focused on the use of coconut fibre to achieve this feat. In this study, varying percentages of treated and untreated coconut fibres were incorporated into concrete and the compressive strength was tested for both before heating and after heating. The percentages of replacement were 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% fibre content by weight of cement. Concrete cubes that had 0% fibre served as control specimens. After subjecting these concrete cubes to 250 °C and 150 °C for a period of 2 h, the compressive strength increased when compared to the control. The compressive strength increased up to 0.5% replacement by 3.88%. Beyond 0.5% fibre, the compressive strength reduced. Concrete having coconut fibre that had been treated with water also exhibited the highest compressive strength of 28.71 N/mm². It is concluded that coconut fibres are a great material in improving the strength of concrete, even after it was exposed to a certain degree of elevated temperature.
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Siregar, Januar Parlaungan, Tezara Cionita, Dandi Bachtiar i Mohd Ruzaimi Mat Rejab. "Tensile Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fibre Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites". Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (listopad 2014): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.159.
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In recent years natural fibres such as sisal, jute, kenaf, pineapple leaf and banana fibres appear to be the outstanding materials which come as the viable and abundant substitute for the expensive and non-renewable synthethic fibre. This paper investigate the effect of fibre length and fibre content on the tensile properties of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) reinforced unsaturated polyester (UP) composites. PALF as reinforcement agent will be employed with UP to form composite material specimens. The various of fiber length (<0.5, 0.5–1, and 1-2 mm) and fibre content (0, 5, 10 and 15 % by volume) in UP composite have been studied. The fabrication of PALF/UP composites used hand lay-up process, and the specimens for tensile test prepared follow the ASTM D3039. The result obtained from this study show that the 1-2 mm fibre length has higher tensile strength (42 MPa) and tensile modulus (1344 MPa) values compared to fibre length of <0.5 mm (30 MPa and 981 MPa) and 0.5-1 mm (35.40 MPa and 1020 MPa) respectively. Meanwhile, for the effect of various fibre content in study has shown that the increase of fibre content has decreased in tensile strength dan tensile modulus of composites. The increase of fibre content due to poor interfacial bonding and poor wetting of the fibre by unsaturated polyster. The treatment of natural fibre are suggested in order to improve the interfacial adhesion between natural fibre and the unsaturated polyester.
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Reddy, V. Srinivasa, G. Santhosh, M. Sai Neeraj, E. Manish Goud, C. Rajashekar, Sokaina Issa Kadhim i Saurabh Dhyani. "Performance of hybrid glass/steel fibre self-compacting concrete beams under static flexural loading". E3S Web of Conferences 391 (2023): 01215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339101215.
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In this paper, it is proposed to study the static flexural performance of hybrid (glass and steel) fiber reinforced M30 grade self-compacting concrete (SCC) beams made with glass fiber reinforcement polymer (GFRP) re-bars. Nan Su mix design approach is adopted to develop the M30 grade plain SCC (PSCC) mixes. Glass fibre SCC (GFRSCC), steel fibre SCC (GFRSCC) and hybrid fibre SCC (HFRSCC) mixes are prepared using the optimum dosages of glass (0.05%) and steel fibres (1%) by volume fraction. HFRSCC reinforced beams of size 1200 *200*150 mm will be casted with steel and GFRB rebars and tested to study the flexural properties such as ultimate flexural strength, load at first crack, deflection at the center, crack width and crack patterns. For the above fibred beams, load-deflection relations will be established. The HFRSCC beam made with GFRP rebars have the load carrying capacity 37.03% more than HFRSCC beam made with steel rebars. The deflection for the HFRSCC beam made with GFRP rebars is 61.52% more than beam made with steel rebar HFRSCC beam made with GFRP rebars increases the load at first crack, ultimate flexural strength, and deflection at the centre at failure and the crack width for same HFRSCC beam made with steel rebars
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Simon, Seena, Arun Prathap, Sharanya Balki i R. G. Dhilip Kumar. "An Experimental Investigation on Concrete with Basalt Rock Fibers". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012196.
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Abstract Basalt fibre is formed from basalt rock when melted at a high temperature making it a non-metallic fibre. Basalt fibre reinforced concrete are good fire resistance, strength and light weight. These properties making it highly advantageous in the future to the construction business. There are many applications of basalt fibre like industrial, bridges, residential and highway etc. Fibres of basalt rock are used to make Basalt fibre, is cheaper and have improved physicomechanical properties which is very similar to the fibre glass and the carbon. They can replace many expensive materials resulting in wide range of applications in the field. The raw materials are available in all countries, making their production very simple. The biggest difficulties of the concrete and cement industry’s can be solved by the usage of basalt fibres. It is also used as composite and in the aerospace, automotive industries and fibre proof textile. Basalt fibres have no hazardous reactions with water or air and are explosion-proof and non-combustible. No chemical reaction will be produced that may damage environment or health when in contact with other chemicals. Reinforced plastics and steel maybe replaced by the basalt base composites. One kg of basalt reinforces equals to 9.6 kg of steel. Differences in compressive strength and split tensile test for concrete with and without basalt fibre by using cubes and cylinders are studied in this paper.
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Kernell, Daniel. "Muscle Regionalization". Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 23, nr 1 (1.02.1998): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h98-001.
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In this review, the term muscle fibre regionalization signifies the presence of regional intramuscular differences in fibre type composition. As is well known, highly regionalized muscles commonly have greater concentrations of slow fibres deep than superficially. However, the degree of regionalization varies markedly between muscles and is not confined to deep vs. superficial locations. Fibres of the same myosin type may show regionalized differences in their metabolic enzyme activity, even within single motor units (Larsson, 1992). Regionalization of fibre type composition occurs also within single neuromuscular partitions. The intraspinal position of motoneurones is often coarsely related to the intramuscular sites of their muscle units. Muscles with a marked fibre type regionalization tend to show a corresponding regionalization of activity; in several muscles, however, the activity regionalization may vary depending on the motor task. During early development, fibre type regionalization emerges even under aneural conditions. The mechanisms are still unknown; relevant aspects of early development are briefly reviewed. Key words: skeletal muscle, fiber type, topography, activity, development
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Mariak, Aleksandra, i Marzena Kurpińska. "The effect of macro polymer fibres length and content on the fibre reinforced concrete". MATEC Web of Conferences 219 (2018): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821903004.
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The paper presents studies of a ready-mix concrete containing polymer fibres of three different lengths: 24, 38 and 54 mm. The performed tests allowed to determine the effect of fibre volume fraction and length on the concrete strength. The basic parameters of concrete mixture (consistency, air content and bulk density) were identified. Fibre reinforced concrete belongs to a group of composite materials. The polymer fibres are applied in the concrete in structures where the reduction of shrinkage cracking as well as corrosion resistance and fire temperatures are required. It is widely known, that the cracking behaviour of concrete structures depends on flexural tensile strength of concrete. The addition of fibres significantly improves the tensile strength. The experimental study, including axial compressive strength and center-point loading flexural tensile strength, was carried out. The scope of the research was also expanded by the usage of a scanning microscope. The test results showed the effect of fibre length and fibre combinations on mechanical properties of concrete. The effect of the research is to formulate guidelines due to the quantity of macro polymer fibres. In general, appropriate fibre content brings a beneficial effect e.g. improves better workability of a concrete mixture.
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More, Florence More Dattu Shanker, i Senthil Selvan Subramanian. "Impact of Fibres on the Mechanical and Durable Behaviour of Fibre-Reinforced Concrete". Buildings 12, nr 9 (13.09.2022): 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091436.
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Numerous studies have been conducted recently on fibre reinforced concrete (FRC), a material that is frequently utilized in the building sector. The utilization of FRC has grown in relevance recently due to its enhanced mechanical qualities over normal concrete. Due to increased environmental degradation in recent years, natural fibres were developed and research is underway with the goal of implementing them in the construction industry. In this work, several natural and artificial fibres, including glass, carbon, steel, jute, coir, and sisal fibres are used to experimentally investigate the mechanical and durability properties of fibre-reinforced concrete. The fibres were added to the M40 concrete mix with a volumetric ratio of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%. The compressive strength of the conventional concrete and fibre reinforced concrete with the addition of 1.5% steel, 1.5% carbon, 1.0% glass, 2.0% coir, 1.5% jute and 1.5% sisal fibres were 4.2 N/mm2, 45.7 N/mm2, 41.5 N/mm2, 45.7 N/mm2, 46.6 N/mm2, 45.7 N/mm2 and 45.9 N/mm2, respectively. Comparing steel fibre reinforced concrete to regular concrete results in a 13.69% improvement in compressive strength. Similarly, the compressive strengths were increased by 3.24%, 13.69%, 15.92%, 13.68% and 14.18% for carbon, glass, coir, jute, and sisal fibre reinforced concrete respectively when equated with plain concrete. With the optimum fraction of fibre reinforced concrete, mechanical and durability qualities were experimentally investigated. A variety of durability conditions, including the Rapid Chloride Permeability Test, water absorption, porosity, sorptivity, acid attack, alkali attack, and sulphate attack, were used to study the behaviour of fiber reinforced concrete. When compared to conventional concrete, natural fibre reinforced concrete was found to have higher water absorption and sorptivity. The rate of acid and chloride attacks on concrete reinforced with natural fibres was significantly high. The artificial fibre reinforced concrete was found to be more efficient than the natural fibre reinforced concrete. The load bearing capacity, anchorage and the ductility of the concrete improved with the addition of fibres. According to the experimental findings, artificial fibre reinforced concrete can be employed to increase the structure’s strength and longevity as well as to postpone the propagation of cracks. A microstructural analysis of concrete was conducted to ascertain its morphological characteristics.
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Kahanji, C., F. Ali i A. Nadjai. "Explosive spalling of ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete beams under fire". Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 7, nr 4 (12.12.2016): 328–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-12-2016-023.
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Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate the spalling phenomenon in ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) beams on exposure to a standard fire curve (ISO 834) under a sustained load. Design/methodology/approach The variables in this study were steel fibre dosage, polypropylene (PP) fibres and loading levels. The research investigated seven beams – three of which contained steel fibres with 2 vol.%, another three had steel fibres with 4 vol.% dosage and the seventh beam had a combination of steel fibres (2 vol.%) and PP fibres (4 kg/m3). The beams were tested for 1 h under three loading levels (20, 40 and 60 per cent) based on the ambient temperature ultimate flexural strength of the beam. Findings Spalling was affected by the loading levels; it exacerbated under the load level of 40 per cent, whereas under the 60 per cent load level, significantly less spalling was recorded. Under similar loading conditions, the beams containing steel fibres with a dosage of 4 vol.% spalled less than the beams with fibre contents of 2 vol.%. This was attributed to the additional tensile strength provided by the excess steel fibres. The presence of PP fibres eliminated spalling completely. Originality/value There is insufficient research into the performance of UHPFRC beams at elevated temperature, as most studies have largely focussed on columns, slabs and smaller elements such as cubes and cylinders. This study provides invaluable information and insights of the influence of parameters such as steel fibre dosage, PP fibres, loading levels on the spalling behaviour and fire endurance of UHPFRC beams.
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Zimniewska, Malgorzata, Andrzej Zbrowski, Wanda Konczewicz, Andrzej Majcher, Jan Przybylski, Krzysztof Matecki, Marek Wiśniewski, Jerzy Mańkowski i Anna Kicińska-Jakubowska. "Cottonisation of Decorticated Flax Fibres". Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 25 (30.06.2017): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1685.
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The commonly used flax process of decortication allows the mechanical extraction of fibre from plant stems without prior retting. The one-type fibre obtained in this process is characterised by very low quality, as it is poorly divided, has high linear mass and high amounts of impurities. This paper presents a description of a newly developed method of obtaining high quality flax cottonized fibre from low quality decorticated fibre by application of a wet degumming process for fibre. The experiment involved studying the parameters of flax fibres after each step of the technological process i.e. after decortication, wet degumming and final mechanical cottonisation. The study covered tests of the following fiber parameters: linear mass, length, impurities, chemical composition as well as thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and scanning electron microscopy images. The results confirm the efficiency of the method applied for obtaining high quality fibre from decorticated flax fibre.
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N. Shalom. "Characterizing Senna Alata Fiber and Echinochloa Frumentacea Leaf Fiber: A Novel Approach for Composite Applications". Recent Research Reviews Journal 2, nr 1 (czerwiec 2023): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/rrrj.2023.1.17.
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The characterization of natural fibres is used in the domain of materials science and engineering with the objective of generating new environmentally acceptable bio-composites. The purpose of this study is to create and characterize a bio-composite reinforced with Senna Alata fibre and Echinochloa frumentacea fiber. This study analyzes the mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics of the fibre. The physicochemical research indicated that the fibre has an excellent average density of 1270 kg/m3. In fact, Senna Alata Fiber (SAF) tensile strength ranges from 2300 to 5479 MPa and Echinochloa frumentacea leaf fiber -EFLFs tensile strength ranges from 204.32 14.25 MPa. As a result, the current study suggests that SAF and EFLF can be used as reinforcing materials with maximum specific characteristics as well as minimal environmental impact in the manufacturing of bio- composite.
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Rusu, Marius, Kathrin Mörseburg, Øyvind Gregersen, Asuka Yamakawa i Sari Liukkonen. "Relation between fibre flexibility and cross-sectional properties". BioResources 6, nr 1 (10.01.2011): 641–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.1.641-655.
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The correlation between the fibre flexibility and cross-sectional area moment of inertia of thermomechanical pulp fibres was investigated. The main effects of refining were found to be internal fibrillation, external fibrillation, and fibre shortening. Internal fibrillation increases fibre flexibility and fibre collapsibility, improving fibre-to-fibre contact in a paper sheet. The raw materials used were pulps produced from six different Norway spruce logs and six different Scots pine logs, chosen in a manner that allowed variation of fibre wall thickness and fibril angle independently. Each wood sample was refined in four stages using a pressurized 12″ Sprout Waldron single disc refiner. Fibre flexibility was assessed by FiberMaster bendability measurements. Fibre bendability was measured on the +48 Bauer McNett fractions of the twelve 2nd, 3rd, and 4th stage thermomechanical pulps (TMP). The fibre cross-sectional samples were imaged using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An image analysis method to calculate the area moment of inertia of each fibre using numerical integration was developed. Fiber bendability increased with specific energy consumption for both wood species (spruce and pine) from the 2nd refining stage to the fourth refining stage. Spruce had a higher rate of bendability increase than pine upon refining. It was expected that fibres with a low area moment of inertia would result in higher bendability, but no such correlation was found for either spruce or pine. Fibre bendability increased with internal fibrillation, as assessed from Simons staining. These results imply that local damage of the fibre wall such as delaminations, kinks, and compressions was the main effect in increasing the flexibility through refining of TMP.
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Abdullah, Muhd Afiq Hizami, Mohd Zulham Affandi Mohd Zahid, Badorul Hisham Abu Bakar, Fadzli Mohamed Nazri i Afizah Ayob. "UHPFRC as Repair Material for Fire-Damaged Reinforced Concrete Structure – A Review". Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (październik 2015): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.283.
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Exposure of concrete to intense heat will cause deterioration of its strength and durability. Previously, the fire-damaged concrete was repaired using the shotcrete and normal concrete. Recent studies utilize fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) in repairing fire-damaged concrete. Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) mostly developed using fine size aggregate, cement, silica fume, super plasticizer and reinforced with steel fibre has an excellent mechanical properties compared to high strength concrete and with an addition of steel fibre in the UHPFRC enhances its ductility behaviour which is not possessed by normal concrete, hence, UHPFRC indicates a promising candidate as repair material to fire-damaged concrete. The aim of this paper is to review on the properties of UHPFRC to be utilized as repair material to fire-damaged concrete structure based on previous research on UHPFRC and fire-damaged structure.
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Kim, Nam Kyeun, Debes Bhattacharyya i Richard Lin. "Multi-Functional Properties of Wool Fibre Composites". Advanced Materials Research 747 (sierpień 2013): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.8.
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Composites sheets based on short wool fibres and polypropylene were fabricated by extrusion process. A three-factor two-level experimental design using Taguchi method was applied in manufacturing the composites to explore the contribution of each parameter on mechanical properties. Fire retardant behaviour of the composites with different fibre weight ratios was investigated by horizontal burning test and cone calorimetric analysis without the addition of any fire retardant agent. Reduction of burning rate with increase in the wool fibre content was observed and suitable formulation of the composites was selected for evaluation of mechanical properties.
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Lie, T. T., i V. K. R. Kodur. "Thermal and mechanical properties of steel-fibre-reinforced concrete at elevated temperatures". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, nr 2 (1.04.1996): 511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-055.
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For use in fire resistance calculations, the relevant thermal and mechanical properties of steel-fibre-reinforced concrete at elevated temperatures were determined. These properties included the thermal conductivity, specific heat, thermal expansion, and mass loss, as well as the strength and deformation properties of steel-fibre-reinforced siliceous and carbonate aggregate concretes. The thermal properties are presented in equations that express the values of these properties as a function of temperature in the temperature range between 0 °C and 1000 °C. The mechanical properties are given in the form of stress–strain relationships for the concretes at elevated temperatures. The results indicate that the steel fibres have little influence on the thermal properties of the concretes. The influence on the mechanical properties, however, is relatively greater than the influence on the thermal properties and is expected to be beneficial to the fire resistance of structural elements constructed of fibre-reinforced concrete. Key words: steel fibre, reinforced concrete, thermal properties, mechanical properties, fire resistance.
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Rao, S., A. Bhardwaj, Andrew Beehag i Debes Bhattacharyya. "Fire Performance of Flax Laminates and their Hybrids". Advanced Materials Research 410 (listopad 2011): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.410.114.
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In the current age of growing environmental awareness, natural fibre composites have gained wide acceptance in various facets of engineering. However, in industries, such as aerospace and mining, their acceptance is primarily dependent on them meeting the stringent fire test requirements. In this paper, symmetric laminates consisting of only glass, glass/flax hybrid and only flax as reinforcements in thermoset matrices were tested for their time to ignition, heat release rate and smoke constituents as per standard ASTM E 1354 in a cone calorimeter. Four fire retardant versions of resin systems, were used in this study. The laminates were manufactured using wet hand-layup technique that was vacuum bagged and cured between hot platens of a hydraulic press. A constant fibre volume fraction of 0.5 for all the laminates was obtained by maintaining a constant laminate thickness of 4mm. The results from the cone calorimeter tests were compared to examine the influence of natural fibres on the fire properties of the laminates. It was observed that the degree of fire retardance in the polyester based composites decreased with the increase in the flax fibre content; however, in the modified urethane composites, flax fibre composites performed better by exhibiting higher ignition time compared to the hybrid and glass fibre composites. Another important observation was that the carbon monoxide emissions during testing decreased with the increase in flax content in the composites, no matter what resin system was used. These preliminary tests suggest that, by judiciously incorporating natural fibres in a synthetic system, a hybrid system could be designed to sustain loads in environments with high fire risks.
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Zhao, Guanghui, Jijia Zhong i Y. X. Zhang. "Research Progress on Mechanical Properties of Short Carbon Fibre/Epoxy Composites". Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 12, nr 1 (20.02.2019): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212797612666181213091233.
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Background: Short carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites have many advantages such as high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, low cost, short fabrication time and easy manufacturing. Researches on the mechanical performance of the composites are mainly carried out by means of experimental techniques and numerical calculation. Objective: The study aims to report the latest progress in the studies of mechanical properties of short carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites. Methods: Based on recently published patents and journal papers, the experimental studies of short carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites are reviewed and the effects of short carbon fibre on the mechanical properties of the composites are discussed. Numerical studies using representative volume element in simulating macroscopic mechanical properties of the short fibre reinforced composites are also reviewed. Finally, future research of short carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites is proposed. Results: Experimental techniques, experimental results and numerical simulating methods are discussed. Conclusion: Mechanical properties of epoxy can be improved by adding short carbon fibres. Fiber surface treatment and matrix modification are effective in enhancing interfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix, and as a result, better mechanical performance is achieved. Compared to the studies on equivalent mechanical properties of the composites, researches on the micro-mechanism of interaction between fiber and matrix are still in infancy due to the complexity of both the internal structure and reinforcing mechanism.
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Nadlene, R., S. M. Sapuan, M. Jawaid i M. R. Ishak. "Mercerization Effect on Morphology and Tensile Properties of Roselle Fibre". Applied Mechanics and Materials 754-755 (kwiecień 2015): 955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.955.
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Natural fibres are preferred compared to synthetic fibres because of several advantages such as biodegradable, lightweight, low cost and good mechanical properties. Roselle is one of the plants found to be suitable to be used to produce natural fibres. Although natural fiber reinforced composites are becoming widely used, several weaknesses such as lack of good interfacial adhesion, low melting point and poor resistance to moisture absorption are harmful to its further acceptance. Chemical treatment is a method that can improve the interfacial bonding, stop water absorption, clean the fibre and increase surface roughness. In this study, roselle fibres were immersed in Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with 3 different concentration (3, 6, and 9%). The results before and after treatment were compared. Scanning electron microscope was used to examine the surface morphology. Tensile properties of roselle fibre were performed to study the tensile properties. Results shows that the higher concentration of NaOH will increase the surface roughness and have higher ability to clean the fibre. For tensile properties, 6% of NaOH give the highest tensile strength. It can be concluded that, 6% of NaOH is the most suitable concentration to clean roselle fibre and while maintaining good tensile properties.
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Decsov, Kata Enikő, Bettina Ötvös, Thuy Tien Thanh Nguyen i Katalin Bocz. "The Effect of Cellulose Fibre Length on the Efficiency of an Intumescent Flame Retardant System in Poly(lactic acid)". Fire 6, nr 3 (2.03.2023): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6030097.
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In the flame retardancy of the biopolymer matrix and natural fibre reinforcement containing green composites, researchers face multiple challenges, such as low thermal stability, the candlewick effect of fibres and compatibility issues. Cellulosic fibres have been shown to have char-promoting properties and to advantageously interact with intumescent systems. In this work, melamine-polyphosphate was combined with neat or flame-retardant-treated cellulosic fibres differing in fibre length to obtain intumescent flame retarded poly(lactic acid) composites. The effect of the cellulose fibre length was evaluated in both forms. The structure-property relationships were evaluated by thermal and flammability test methods. It was found that the formation and the structure of the fire-protecting char are influenced by the length of the cellulose fibres, and thus it noticeably affects the effectiveness of the flame-retardant system. Cellulose fibres with an average length of 30–60 µm were found to contribute the best to the formation of an integrated fibrous-intumescent char structure with enhanced barrier characteristics.
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Dineth S. Samarawickrama. "Characterization and Properties of Sri Lankan Coir Fibre". CORD 26, nr 1 (1.04.2010): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v26i1.134.
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This study mainly concentrated on revealing the scientific data on the properties of Sri Lankan coir fibre and classifying them into different grades based on scientific parameters instead of visual observations to establish quality specifications for the coir fibre industry in Sri Lanka. Critical parameters were studied for suitability of the industrial applications. Size distribution and average length of different fibres were determined by the frequency distribution method, to be used as industrial oriented parameters. The weighted average breaking load of coir fibre was determined using the universal tensile strength tester.
As per the result, coir fiber has an elongation property of about 20-28%. Also, coir fibre is a highly resilient natural fibre and Omat coir fibre had the highest value among other coir fibre types. Porous microstructure of the coir fibre was observed through the scanning electron microscopy and hygroscopic characteristics described according to the structure. The moisture equilibrium values of coir fibre in Sri Lanka were observed at 15-18% and it was achieved by sun drying. This moisture levels avoid the heavy condensation during transportation particularly in countries with cold climate. Properties of coir fibre found in the study were used in the establishment of the National Quality Standard specifications for mechanically extracted coir fibre in Sri Lanka.
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Chowdhury, Mohammed Rubaiyat, i Ayub Nabi Khan. "Study on the properties of yarn produced by 100% pima cotton fibre". Journal of Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology 9, nr 1 (6.03.2023): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jteft.2023.09.00328.
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To produce higher count of yarn long staple length cotton fibres are used. Specially, long staple length Pima and Giza cotton fibres are used for this purpose. In this study to produce 80Ne carded yarn Pima cotton fibre was used. Pima Cotton is a long stable fiber. Which is normally produced in Australia and America. In this study different properties of yarn like thick, thin and neps, CSP, fineness of pima cotton fibre were tested. It was evident that the quality of the yarn produced was good in quality to produce different fine quality fabrics.
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Singh, Niraj Kumar, i Baboo Rai. "A Review of Fiber Synergy in Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete". Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 8, nr 2 (1.12.2018): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2018-0017.
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Abstract Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) presently utilized as a part of special structures subjected to dynamic loads for example airport pavements, expressways overlays, bridge decks and machine foundations. In most cases, FRC contains just a single kind of fibre. The utilization of at least two kinds of fibres in an appropriate mix can possibly improve the mechanical properties of concrete and result in performance synergy. The audit demonstrates that the blend of fibre allows a more powerful control of the dynamic crack development. This review analyses the components for synergistic impacts that gives direction on the fiber and matrix choice.
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Velloso, Raquel Q., Michéle D. T. Casagrande, Eurípedes A. V. Junior i Nilo C. Consoli. "Simulation of the Mechanical Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Sand using the Discrete Element Method". Soils and Rocks 35, nr 2 (1.05.2012): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.352201.
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The general characteristics of granular soils reinforced with fibres have been reported in previous studies and have shown that fibre inclusion provides an increase in material strength and ductility and that the composite behaviour is governed by fibre content, as well as the mechanical and geometrical properties of the fibre. The present work presents a numerical procedure to incorporate fiber elements into an existing discrete element code (GeoDEM). The fiber elements are represented by linear elastic-plastic segments that connect two neighbor contacts where the fiber is located. These elements are characterized by an axial stiffness, tensile strength and length. The effect of the addition of fibers was evaluated numerically by comparing the stress-strain behavior of a pure sand with and without fibers. These simulations showed that the addition of fibers provides a significant increase in strength for the mixture in comparison with strength of the pure sand.
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van den Heuvel, P. W. J., Y. J. W. van der Bruggen i T. Peijs. "The influence of Carbon Fibre Surface Treatment on Fibre-Fibre Interactions in Multi-Fibre Microcomposites". Advanced Composites Letters 3, nr 6 (listopad 1994): 096369359400300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359400300603.
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Multi-fibre microcomposites were used to study the influence of fibre/matrix adhesion on the fracture process of composites in uniaxial tension. In addition to in-situ microscopic observations, results were quantitatively described using an interaction criterion. In the case of surface treated carbon fibres, fibre-fibre interaction or so-called coordinated fibre failure takes place at inter-fibre spacings of less than nine fibre diameters. Moreover, it was found that the level of fibre surface treatment, i.e. the amount of debonding, significantly influences the amount of fibre-fibre interaction.
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Mohamed Sutan, Norsuzailina, Siti Masjida Mazlan, Siti Noor Linda Taib, Delsye Teo Ching Lee, Alsidqi Hassan, Siti Kudnie Sahari, Khairul Anwar Mohamad Said i Habibur Rahman Sobuz. "Biomass Morphology Subjected to Different Chemical Treatment". E3S Web of Conferences 34 (2018): 02051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183402051.
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A growing interest of sugarcane bagasse fibre composite has been observed in recent years due to its attractiveness properties such as low specific weight, renewable source and producible with low investment at low cost. However, these materials have a low interfacial adhesion between fibre and matrix which lead to reduction in certain mechanical properties of the composite. To overcome this problem, studies show that certain chemical treatments on the surface of the fibres are some alternatives that significantly increase the adhesion reinforcement/matrix, in some cases improving its mechanical properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different type of chemical treatment which are alkali and acid treatment on sugarcane bagasse fibre surface morphology. Seeking to improve the adhesion fibre matrix, the fibre has been treated with 5% of NaOH and 5% of HCL solution with added of bagasse fibre used in the range of 0% to 3% of cement weight respectively. Through SEM investigation, it is confirmed that chemical treatment helps to remove hemicelluloses from raw bagasse fiber as well as improved fibre matrix adhesion.
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Siddique, Sheraz Hussain Siddique, Saira Faisal, Qurat-ul-Ain Mohtashim, Muhammad Ali Ali i R. Hugh Gong. "Investigation of Fibre Orientation and Void Content in Bagasse Fibre Composites Using an Image Analysis Technique". Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 29, nr 3(147) (30.06.2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7784.
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In this research work, a nondestructive technique of image analysis was explored to determine the fibre orientation and void content in Bagasse fibre reinforced composites. Fibre length, alkali treatment and fibre loading were studied as variables. The fibre orientation was irrespective of the fibre length, fibre loading and alkali treatment variables. The void content and size decreased with increases in fibre length and alkali treatment. The alkali treatment resulted in the removal of lignin, making the surface of the fibres rough. It also led to making the fibre count fine i.e. reducing the diameter of the fibres and thus presenting more fibres for interaction with resin. Both these phenomena resulted in a slower flow of resin. The void content of bagasse fibre composites decreased with higher fibre loading because a higher number of fibres slows the resin flow. However, the size i.e. area of the voids increased with the fibre loading from 20 to 30%, probably due to increased wetting difficulty.
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Mugume, Rodgers B., Adolph Karubanga i Michael Kyakula. "Impact of Addition of Banana Fibres at Varying Fibre Length and Content on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Concrete". Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (8.10.2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9422352.
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This experimental study aimed at investigating the impact of addition of banana fibres on the mechanical (compression, splitting tension, and flexure) and microstructural (microscopic morphology and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) properties of concrete. Concrete mixes comprising of banana fibres of varying fibre lengths (40, 50, and 60 mm) and fibre contents (0.1, 0.2, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.5%) were assessed. Addition of banana fibres to concrete was observed to significantly impact on compressive strength only at lower fibre contents of up to 0.25% for all fibre lengths. Fibre length had no significant impact on compressive strength at lower fibre contents of up to 0.25%, but shorter fibres were observed to perform better than longer ones at higher dosages more than 0.25%. Increase in fibre content positively impacted on tensile strength of concrete at relatively lower fibre dosages of up to 1%. Similarly, fibre length impacted on tensile strength of concrete at lower fibre contents of up to 1% and, longer fibres were observed to be more effective than shorter ones. Addition of banana fibres generally did not greatly contribute to flexural strength of concrete but had a marginal impact only when shorter fibres were used at lower fibre dosages. Also, microstructure of concrete was improved through better bonding between the fibres and the matrix and reduction in porosity of the matrix, which resulted in improved mechanical properties of the composite. Banana fibres further contributed to changes in phases of the composite structure of Banana fibre-reinforced concrete (BFRC) through a reduction in its interplanar spacing and lattice structure. For optimal purposes, addition of banana fibres should be limited to a maximum of 1% fibre content preferably using shorter fibre lengths. Further research to improve flexural strength of BFRC to meet minimum technical requirements is required before it can be considered for structural applications.
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POTUCEK, FRANTIŠEK, MOSTAFIZUR RAHMAN i JOZEF MIKLÍK. "DISPLACEMENT WASHING OF KRAFT PULP WITH VARIOUS CONSISTENCY". Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 54, nr 9-10 (11.11.2020): 943–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2020.54.91.
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The paper deals with the displacement washing of kraft softwood and hardwood pulps with various consistency of the pulp fibre bed. The results obtained revealed differences between the two types of kraft pulp with various morphological properties of fibres. The washing efficiency decreased with decreasing Péclet number for both kraft pulps, but, due to lower longitudinal dispersion of the wash liquid, greater washing efficiency was achieved for the short-fibred hardwood pulp. On the other hand, the long-fibred softwood pulp exhibited lower hydraulic resistance of the pulp fibre bed. The change in pulp consistency and, similarly, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, characterising the rate of leaching of alkali lignin from pulp fibres, did not have a significant effect on the washing efficiency. However, the mass transfer coefficient decreased with increasing specific resistance of the pulp bed. With increasing bed consistency of both softwood and hardwood pulps, as the amount of black liquor in the inter-fibre pores decreased, the difference between the space time, characterising the holding time of wash liquid, and the mean residence time of alkali lignin increased.
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SHEWALE, JITESH, Chandrashekhar Choudhari i Anil Kumar Singh Bankoti. "Carbon and natural fiber reinforced polymer hybrid composite: Processes, applications, and challenges". Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 16, nr 2 (30.06.2022): 8873–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.10.15282.16.2.2022.06.0702.
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Composites have recently emerged as the ideal material for weight reduction in a wide range of technical applications. Hybrid composites offer special properties that enable them to meet a wide range of design objectives more efficiently and affordably than conventional composites. Natural fiber-based hybrid composites are also less damaging to the environment and have a reduced carbon footprint. The hybridization of natural fibres with synthetic fibres can substantially minimise the problems associated with natural fibre composites, since the advantages of one kind of fibre can outweigh the disadvantages of another. Several research have been carried out to investigate the different characteristics of carbon-natural fibre reinforced hybrid composites and to evaluate their suitability for a variety of technological applications. The objective of this work is to provide an overview of the materials and manufacturing processes currently utilised to fabricate carbon-natural fibre reinforced hybrid composites. This paper also attempts to discuss the reported mechanical, damping, and other characteristics of the resultant hybrid composites. This article provides a factual overview of the development accomplished so far in the field of hybrid composites constructed from carbon-natural fibres.
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Watson, Paul, i Michael Bradley. "Canadian pulp fibre morphology: Superiority and considerations for end use potential". Forestry Chronicle 85, nr 3 (1.06.2009): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85401-3.
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Four physical attributes of fibres confer the end use potential of a pulp, namely fibre length, fibre coarseness, fibre strength and uniformity. Long, slender, fine fibred pulps, which are low in thick-walled summerwood content, provide superior reinforcement strength. The natural species endowment that Canada enjoys can, when accompanied by superior operational performance and technical vision, result in significant advantages for strategically focused companies and their customers. Factor and multivariate analysis of more than 60 industrial pulp samples confirm that on the basis of fundamental morphological differences, Canadian pulps exhibit clear superiority. Canadian northern bleached softwood kraft pulp is the undoubted industry leader, yet unrealized potential still exists, and additional research effort is required, to maintain this market position. Key words: kraft pulp, softwood, fibre morphology, intrinsic properties, length, coarseness, fibre strength, tensile strength, biogeoclimatic zone, factor analysis, reinforcement, premium reinforcement pulp, PRP, refining
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Guades, Ernesto, Henrik Stang, Gregor Fisher i Jacob Schmidt. "Hybrid fibre-reinforced geopolymer (HFRG) composites as an emerging material in retrofitting aging and seismically-deficient concrete and masonry structures". MATEC Web of Conferences 289 (2019): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928904003.
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Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) systems have recently become popular in repairing concrete or masonry structures because of their inherent advantages. In spite of these benefits, FRPs have drawbacks having low fire resistance, poor environmental sustainability and incompatibilty with the substrate concrete. The effort to address these issues has led to the development of an emerging strain hardening cementitious (SHC) material using an inorganic polymer known as hybrid fibre-reinforced geopolymer (HFRG) composites. Compared with cement-based SHC composites, HFRG has better bond performance to concrete substrates, higher fire resistance, greater corrosion durability and helps to reduce CO2 emissions. This paper reviews the recent development of HFRG composites as an emerging repair material. Literature reveals that flowability of a fresh HFRG mixture decreases with increasing fibre content though still workable up to 2% fibre volume. Fibre synergy could result in 10–181% higher flexural toughness of geopolymer composites than when just using mono fibres. The application of HFRG composites to RC beams increased displacement ductility by to 263%. To date, there has been no reported field application of HFRG as a repair material though mono-fibre FRG has been field-applied as a strengthening material in large-diameter sewer RC pipes, RC culverts, RC sewerage manholes and dam surface improvement.
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Quilhó, Teresa, Jorge Gominho i Helena Pereira. "ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISATION AND VARIABILITY OF THE THISTLE CYNARA CARDUNCULUS IN VIEW OF PULPING POTENTIAL". IAWA Journal 25, nr 2 (2004): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000362.
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The thistle Cynara cardunculus L. is an herbaceous perennial with high productivity that is harvested annually and is a potential fibre crop for paper pulp production. The anatomical variation within stalks was studied (base, middle and top) and compared in C. cardunculus plants at different development phases. The stalk of C. cardunculus includes an epidermis, cortex and a central cylinder with fibro-vascular bundles with phloem, xylem and a fibrous sheath that is variable in arrangement and size within and between plants.At harvest, the pith represents 37% of the stalk transectional area and 7% of the total weight. There was a slight variation in quantitative features of, respectively, the three development groups studied; mean fibre length was 1.04 mm, 0.95 mm and 1.05 mm; mean fibre width was 15 μm, 16 μm and 21 μm; mean fibre wall thickness was 3.2 μm, 3.4 μm and 4.9 μm. Fibre length and width decreased within the stem from base to top, while fibre wall thickness increased. Mean vessel diameter was 22 μm and mean vessel element length 220–483 μm. In mature plants, parenchyma represents 39% of the total transectional area and fibres 25%. The proportion of fibres increases during plant development and in mature plants is highest at the stalk base.As regards anatomical features, Cynara stalks compare favourably to other annual plants and fibre biometry indicates good potential for paper sheet forming and strength properties.
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Bhat, Arooba Rafiq, i Ajay Vikram. "A Literature Study of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Concrete". International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Management 10, nr 1 (1.02.2023): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/ijirem.2023.10.1.2.
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The drawbacks are that the concrete has been improved by using hybrid fibre in concrete. By hybridization benefits from two different fibres are utilized in a single concrete mixture. The hybrids fibres studied are basalt-polypropylene fibre, polypropylene-steel fibre, steel-coconut fibre, polypropylene-e-waste fibre, polypropylene-polyvinyl Alcohol and steel-glass- polypropylene fibre. The properties that are improved using hybrid fibres are compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, limited crack propagation, and improved durability of the concrete structure. In maximum cases slump value decrease with an increase in fibre percentage.
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Goud, E. Giri Prasad, Dinesh Singh, V. Srinivasa Reddy i Kaveli Jagannath Reddy. "Stress-Strain behaviour of basalt fibre reinforced concrete". E3S Web of Conferences 184 (2020): 01081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018401081.
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This paper prophesies the stress strain behaviour of M30 grade concrete reinforced with basalt fibres of length 12 mm, 36 mm and 50 mm of amounts 0.4%, 0.4% and 0.3% by volume of concrete respectively. Modulus of elasticity and toughness of M30 grade basalt fibre reinforced concretes are also evaluated. It was found that BFRCC mixes show good resistance to impact and has superior dissipation capacity. The optimal basalt fibre volume fraction is 0.3% and length is 50 mm. For this case, toughness index and energy absorbed at fracture have considerably enhanced. With the volume fraction of basalt fiber exceeding the optimum volume fraction, the mechanical properties of basalt fiber are weakened.
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Bhedasgaonkar, Rahul. "Manufacturing and Mechanical Properties Testing of Hybrid Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 6 (30.06.2022): 2390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43877.
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Abstract: A composite material is a materials system made up of two or more micro or macro elements with different forms and chemical compositions that are largely insoluble in one another. It basically comprises of two phases: matrix and fiber. Polymers, ceramics, and metals such as nylon, glass, graphite, Aluminium oxide, boron, and aluminium are examples of fibres. In the present research work epoxy is used as matrix and Bamboo, Sugarcane Bagasse and Coconut fibre are used as fibres for preparing the composites. In the preparation of specimen, the fibre as taken as a continuous fibre. The fibre is treated with NaOH solution. Hybrid natural fibre reinforced composites of bamboo, sugarcane baggase and coconut coir has been prepared using hand lay-up process of composite manufacturing. These hybrid composites were tested for determining their tensile and impact strengths. Results of mechanical testing reveals that the tensile strength of Bamboo- Bagasse hybrid composite is more compared to other composites. Taking into consideration of enhanced tensile and impact strength of bamboo-bagasse hybrid natural fibre polymer composite, we recommend the use of hybrid bamboo-bagasse composite in manufacturing of automotive bodies. Because of their unique characteristics of recyclability, waste utilization, biodegradability, good strength, and a viable alternative to plastics, these composites can be used for a variety of applications