Artykuły w czasopismach: „Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP)”

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Wargadinata, Arijanto Salmoen. "FRP (FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC0 SEBAGAI BAHAN DASAR PRODUK DESAIN". Jurnal Dimensi Seni Rupa dan Desain 2, nr 2 (5.04.2016): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/dim.v2i2.1263.

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AbstrakFrp dikenal sebagai produk material yang saat ini banyak dipakai untuk material dasar beraneka ragam produk yang ada. FRP merupakan kepanjangan dari Fiber Reinforced Plastic , yaitu sebuah komposit yang terdiri dari serat (fiber) dan matriks (resin). Sangat perlu kita ketahui jenis dan sifat fiber yang digunakan , demikian pula sifat plastik sebagai pengikatnya . Dlam paparan ini jenis fiber, sifatnya demikian pula jenis plastik beserta sifatnya merupakan bahsan yang penting untuk dikuasai. Tidaklah salah dan berkelebihan apabila penulis mengajak bersama-sama para pembaca untuk mendalami komposit dari jenis FRP ini untuk meningkatnya kualitas produk yang kita desain. AbstractFRP is known as a material product currentlly used as a raw material for producing various products. FRP stands for Fiber Reinfirces Palstic as a composite of the fiber and resin. It is important to know the type and character of fiber and plastic as the binding agent. The type and character of both fiber and plastics are essential sucject to master through this paper.

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Seshanandan, G., D. Ravindran i T. Sornakumar. "Effect of Nano Aluminum Oxide Fillers on the Properties of FRP Polymer Matrix Composites". Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (sierpień 2015): 612–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.612.

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Fiber reinforced plastics are composite materials made of polymer matrix reinforced with fibers. Fiber reinforced plastics find increased applications in automotive, marine, aerospace and construction industries. The objective of the present work is to study the effect of nano aluminum oxide fillers on the properties of glass fiber reinforced plastics. The glass fiber reinforced plastic specimens were manufactured with glass fiber chopped strand mat, polyester resin and nano aluminum oxide fillers by the hand layup technique. The nano aluminum oxide fillers are incorporated in different weight ratios in the fiber reinforced plastics and the mechanical properties were evaluated.

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Shen, De Jun, Zi Sheng Lin i Yan Fei Zhang. "Study on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Composite Material of Wood". Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (lipiec 2015): 659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.659.

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through the use of domestic carbon fiber cloth and combining domestic fast-growing wood of Larch and poplar wood, the CFRP- wood composite key interface from the composite process, stripping bearing performance, Hygrothermal effect, fracture characteristics and shear creep properties to conducted the system research . Fiber reinforced composite (Fiber Reinforced Plastic/Polymer, abbreviation FRP) material by continuous fibers and resin matrix composite and its types, including carbon fiber reinforced composite (Carbon Fiber Reinforce Plastic/Polymer, abbreviation CFRP), glass fiber reinforced composite (Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic/Polymer, abbreviation GFRP) and aramid fiber reinforced composite (Aramid Fiber Reinforced Plastic/Polymer, abbreviation AFRP). PAN based carbon fiber sheet by former PAN wires, PAN raw silk production high technical requirements, its technical difficulty is mainly manifested in the acrylonitrile spinning technique, PAN precursor, acrylonitrile polymerization process with solvent and initiator ratio. Based on this consideration, the subject chosen by domestic PAN precursor as the basic unit of the CFRP as the object of study.

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Kasimzade, A., i S. Tuhta. "Analytical, Numerical and Experimental Examination of Reinforced Composites Beams Covered with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic". Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 42, nr 1 (1.03.2012): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10254-012-0004-1.

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Analytical, Numerical and Experimental Examination of Reinforced Composites Beams Covered with Carbon Fiber Reinforced PlasticIn the article, analytical, numerical (Finite Element Method) and experimental investigation results of beam that was strengthened with fiber reinforced plastic-FRP composite has been given as comparative, the effect of FRP wrapping number to the maximum load and moment capacity has been evaluated depending on this results. Carbon FRP qualitative dependences have been occurred between wrapping number and beam load and moment capacity for repair-strengthen the reinforced concrete beams with carbon fiber. Shown possibilities of application traditional known analysis programs, for the analysis of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) strengthened structures.

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Ning, Xinguo, i Michael R. Lovell. "On the Sliding Friction Characteristics of Unidirectional Continuous FRP Composites". Journal of Tribology 124, nr 1 (22.05.2001): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1398295.

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By applying a closed-form analytical solution Hwu and Fan (1998) for an anisotropic half-plane, the contact characteristics of unidirectional continuous fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) composites are investigated. The particular condition of a rigid parabolic cylinder in normal sliding contact with the composite is evaluated. The influence of FRP composite matrix material, friction coefficient, fiber material, fiber orientation, and fiber volume fraction on the surface contact pressure are determined and evaluated by comparison to published experimental data and results from the finite element method. From the analytical results, several important trends for the contact characteristics of fiber-reinforced plastics are ascertained and discussed with respect to the wear and design-ability of FRP materials.

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Dong, Chen Song. "Experimental Study on Strengthening of Steel Structures with Fiber Reinforced Plastic". Advanced Materials Research 275 (lipiec 2011): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.275.239.

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An experimental study on the strengthening of steel structures with FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) is presented in this paper. Test coupons were prepared by applying FRP patches on both sides of steel coupons. Standard tensile tests were conducted to the test coupons. Two types of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) and one type of GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic) were studied. The load and strain data were recorded, and the stiffness and strength were derived. The results show that CFRP provides better strengthening than GFRP, but there is no significant difference between PAN graphite/epoxy and pitch graphite/epoxy laminates.

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Li, Yeou Fong, i Shu Ting Kan. "The Mechanical Behavior of the Hybrid FRP Beam". Advanced Materials Research 365 (październik 2011): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.365.119.

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This paper presents the mechanical behaviors of hybrid fiber reinforced plastic (HFRP) composite beams. There are two methods were proposed to increase the stiffness of pultruded glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) beam and change the failure mode. The first method is to infill the epoxy mortar into the GFRP beam. The second method is hand layout the GFRP beam by using carbon fiber with different direction fibers to increase the stiffness of the GFRP beam. Three-point bending test was conducted to obtain the force-displacement relationship, stiffness, failure strength and failure mode of the GFRP beams. The test results show that the stiffness of GFRP beam filled with epoxy mortar is twice larger than GFRP beam.

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Chen, Chuanxiang, Zhenyu Wang i Wei Zhou. "Experimental investigation on axial compressive behavior of fiber reinforced polymer-reinforced concrete columns confined with external fiber reinforced polymer jackets". Advances in Structural Engineering 25, nr 1 (15.10.2021): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211026225.

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An innovative glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) closed-type winding (GFRP-CW) tie was developed to eliminate the bond slip failure and make full use of the tensile strength of ties compared with conventional pultruded fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) rod ties. Although better confinement effect of GFRP-CW ties, however after spalling of concrete cover, the compressive longitudinal FRP bars in the plastic hinge regions of columns are most likely to crush or buckle. External FRP jackets can effectively restraint damage to concrete cover. Against this background, a novel FRP-reinforced concrete column confined with external FRP jackets and the internal GFRP-CW ties were proposed to prevent the FRP bars from premature buckling or crushing. In this article, twelve square new columns were constructed and tested to characterize the axial compressive behavior. The test parameters included FRP wrapping type (GFRP or carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)), FRP wrapping layers, and spacing of ties. Test results confirmed that FRP-reinforced concrete columns with external FRP jackets had significantly larger ductile behavior and exhibited higher load-carrying capacity than their counterparts FRP-reinforced concrete columns due to the contribution of longitudinal GFRP bars and the concrete cover. The test results also suggested reasonable spacing of ties and layers of GFRP jackets for an expected moderate confinement behavior.

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Srikumar, Biradar, Joladarshi Sharnappa i S. M. Kulkarni. "FE Analysis of FRP Pressure Vessel". Key Engineering Materials 801 (maj 2019): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.801.77.

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In this paper the main focus is on analyzing the effect of various parameters like winding angle, winding pattern and fiber volume fraction on the stresses generation in a composite pressure vessel using Finite Element (FE) approach. The present study makes use of three different composite materials namely GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic), CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) and AFRP (Aramid Fiber Reinforced Plastic). Further they are compared with metallic pressure vessel (LCS-Low Carbon Steel, Al 6061-T6-Aluminium 6061-T6) to assess their potentiality as a substitute to metallic pressure vessels. Based on Maximum Specific Stress (MSS) results observations it is concluded that optimum parameters suggested for fabrication of pressure vessel are winding angle ±55o, fiber volume fraction, Vf of 0.55 and winding pattern of ((±∅°2)/90°2/(±∅°2)). Following AFRP, CFRP and GFRP provides better performance when compared with LCS and Al 6061 T6 based on MSS value. Considering the availability, cost and application factors it can be concluded that GFRP can be conveniently used as substitute for metallic pressure vessels.

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Xu, An Chang, i Li Min Bao. "Manufacture of Fabric Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites with High Fiber Volume Fraction". Advanced Materials Research 796 (wrzesień 2013): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.796.301.

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In fiber reinforced thermosetting plastic (FRP) the fiber volume fraction is always up to 60 percent, but in fiber reinforced thermoplastic (FRTP) it is low to about 30 percent which greatly limit their performance. In this paper, for increasing the fiber volume fraction of thermoplastic composite, a new impregnation method for molding continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic was explored; the fiber volume fraction was significantly raised to 60 percent which is equal to that of FRPs. Then the tensile property was investigated and made a contrast with FRP with the same reinforcement fiber. The results showed that both the FRP and FRTP composites have the similar tensile properties and indicated that the molding method is effective for FRTP manufacture.

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Kim, Sun Hee, Yong Seok Won, Su Hong Seo, Joo Kyung Park i Soon Jong Yoon. "Fabrication and Construction of Floating Photovoltaic Energy Generation Structures Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer Plastic (FRP) Members". Key Engineering Materials 730 (luty 2017): 613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.613.

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In this paper, we present the result of investigations pertaining to the floating photovoltaic energy generation structures. Pultruded fiber reinforced polymer plastics (PFRP) and sheet molding compound (SMC) fiber reinforced polymer plastics (FRP) have superior mechanical and physical properties compared with those of conventional structural materials. Fiber reinforced polymer plastics (FRP) has an excellent corrosion resistance and high specific strength and stiffness, the FRP material may be highly appreciated for the floating photovoltaic energy generation system. The floating photovoltaic energy generation system is analyzed and designed to have sufficient safety. In addition, from the finite element analysis the safety of the structure was also confirmed. Based on the results, structural system is designed, fabricated, and installed at the site.

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YAGURA, Hiroshi. "Swimming Pool Made of FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic)". Kobunshi 50, nr 8 (2001): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.50.546.

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IWAMORI, Satoru, Noriyuki YANAGAWA i Mitsuru SADAMOTO. "Characteristics of Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Vacuum Chamber." SHINKU 43, nr 5 (2000): 595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3131/jvsj.43.595.

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Sakakibara, Jitsuo, i Satoshi Matsuoka. "Plasma jet cutting of fiber reinforced plastic(FRP)." QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 6, nr 4 (1988): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws.6.505.

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Kannan, M., K. Kalaichelvan i T. Sornakumar. "Development and Mechanical Testing of Filament Wound FRP Composite Components". Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (sierpień 2015): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.578.

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Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic composites are used for pipes, high pressure vessels, aircrafts, automobiles, sport goods and Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic composites are used for pipes, high pressure vessels, aircrafts, automobiles, sport goods and structural applications due to their high corrosion resistance, high specific strength, low density, low coefficient of thermal expansion, durability, low maintenance and low cost. This paper presents the development and mechanical testing of filament wound Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic composite hollow cylindrical components. In this present work, Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic composite hollow cylindrical components were manufactured by helical filament winding process. ASTM: D2584 standard test method for ignition loss of cured reinforced resins was conducted on the specimen to determine the fiber to resin ratio. The tensile test was conducted as per ASTM: D638 standard. The three point flexural test was conducted as per ASTM: D790 standard. The hoop tensile strength test was conducted as per ASTM: D2290 standard. The external loading characteristics were determined by conducting the ASTM: D2412 standard test. The tensile strength and flexural strength in the axial direction are 50.76 MPa and 425.46 MPa respectively. The hoop tensile strength and the parallel-plate loading (Compression) stiffness are 156.33 MPa and 2750 N/mm respectively.

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Arularasan, R., i Y. K. Sabapathy. "Fabrication and Testing of FRP Open Coil Springs". Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (lipiec 2014): 1065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1065.

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Increasing competition and innovation in automobile sector tends to modify the existing products or replace old products by new and advanced material products. A suspension system of vehicle is also an area where these innovations are carried out regularly. Now days the automobile Industry has shown much interest in using Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) components replacing conventional steel components due to its “high strength to low weight” ratio. Therefore replacement the steel open coil suspension springs (in heavy automobiles) with Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) open coil springs with the main aim to reduce its weight and thereby reduce the fuel consumption to some extent. A semi mechanized pultrusion process (E –Glass and Epoxy Resin) and braiding process is selected for fabricating the GFRP open coil springs. It is then tested in lab to study some of the variable parameters. Keywords: Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) , Coil spring , Pultrusion

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Kovács, György. "Optimization of a New Composite Multicellular Plate Structure in Order to Reduce Weight". Polymers 14, nr 15 (31.07.2022): 3121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14153121.

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Currently, the most important structural design aims are weight reduction, corrosion resistance, high stiffness and vibration damping in several industrial applications, which can be provided by the application of advanced fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) composites. The main research aim was to develop novel and innovative multicellular plate structures that utilize the benefits of lightweight advanced FRP and aluminum materials, as well as to combine the advantageous characteristics of cellular plates and sandwich structures. Two new multicellular plate structures were developed for the structural element of a transport vehicle. The first structure consists of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) face sheets and pultruded glass-fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) stiffeners. The second structure consists of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic face sheets and aluminum (Al) stiffeners. The second main goal of this research was the development of an optimization method of minimal weight for the newly developed all-FRP structure and the CFRP-Al structure, considering seven design constraints. The third main purpose was to confirm in a real case study that lightweight multicellular composite constructions, optimized by the flexible tolerance optimization method, provide significant weight saving (86%) compared to the all-steel structure. The added value of the research is that optimization methods were developed for the constructed new composite structures, which can be applied in applications where weight saving is the primary aim.

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Liu, Jiarui, i Xian Cui. "Research on flexural performance of damaged RC beams strengthened by FPR plates". E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123303007.

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Combining two technologies of pasting fiber reinforced composite board (FRP) and externally reinforced steel plate concrete structure, fiber-reinforced composite material and steel plate composite reinforced concrete structure technology can effectively improve the stress performance of concrete reinforced structure. To explore the effect of the new technology steel plate anchoring FRP slab concrete beams and the effect of different damage levels on the reinforcement effect, in this paper, the author made 3 FRP reinforced beams with damage rates of 20%, 40%, and 60%, 1 RC beam with FRP plate only and an ordinary RC beam to analyze the reinforcement effect of the new process steel plate anchored FRP plate and the bearing capacity and plastic performance of the reinforced beam with different damage rates. The results show that the new technology steel plate anchoring FRP plate reinforcement technology can effectively prevent the occurrence of early peeling failure, improve the ductility and bearing capacity of the reinforced beam, and significantly increase the utilization rate of the FRP plate; as the damage rate increases, the ultimate bearing capacity of the reinforced beam increases, but the ductility is significantly reduced.

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Han, Jie, J. David Frost i Vicki L. Brown. "Design of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Piles Under Vertical and Lateral Loads". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1849, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1849-09.

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Conventional pile materials, such as steel, concrete, and wood, can encounter serious corrosion problems in industrial and marine environments. Deterioration of steel, concrete, and wood piling systems has cost the military and civilian marine and waterfront civil engineering communities billions of dollars to repair and replace. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have desirable properties for extreme environments because they are noncorrosive, nonconductive, and lightweight. Different types of FRP composite piles are currently under research investigation, and some have been introduced to the marketplace. FRP composites have been used as internal reinforcement in concrete piles; as external shells for steel, concrete, and timber piles; and as structural piles such as FRP pipe piles, reinforced plastic piles, and plastic fender piles. The different ways of constituting FRP composite piles result in different behavioral effects. Because FRP structural piles have anisotropic properties, low section stiffness, and high ratios of elastic to shear modulus, they have different behavior in load-displacement relations under vertical and lateral loads. Current design methods for conventional piles were examined to determine the validity for FRP composite piles, and some new design methods specific to FRP structural piles were developed from research work conducted by the authors.

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Fahim, Golam, Md Tofazzal Hossain, Stapheny Penheiro, Md Iffat Bin Zakir, Md Shamsuzzaman, Mohammad Sarwar Morshed, Sakib Hossain Khan i Abu Hamja. "Recycling of Plastic Polymer: Reinforcement of Building Material Using Polymer Plastics of Used COVID-19 Syringes". Buildings 13, nr 4 (30.03.2023): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13040919.

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Plastic waste causes severe environmental impacts worldwide and threatens the lives of all creatures. In the medical field, most of the equipment, especially personal protective equipment (PPE), is made from single-use plastic. During COVID-19, the usage of PPE has increased, and is disposed of in landfills after being used once. Worldwide, millions of tons of waste syringes are generated from COVID-19 vaccination. A practical alternative to utilizing this waste is recycling it to reinforce building materials. This research introduces an approach to using COVID-19 syringe plastic waste to reinforce building material as composite concrete. Reinforced fiber polymer (FRP) concrete materials were used to mold cylindrical specimens, which underwent mechanical tests for mechanical properties. This study used four compositions with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of FRP to create cylindrical samples for optimum results. Sequential mechanical tests were carried out on the created samples. These specimens were cured for a long period to obtain water absorption capability. After several investigations, the highest tensile and compressive strengths, approximately 2.0 MPa and 10.5 MPa, were found for the 5% FRP composition samples. From the curing test, the lowest water absorbability of around 5% was found for the 5% FRP composition samples.

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Chen, Shengping, Xiaoxia Ma, Yingfa Lu, Hanhan Luo i Liangni. "Bending Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) and Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams". Science of Advanced Materials 11, nr 7 (1.07.2019): 1037–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2019.3596.

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Lu, Chenxuan, Yongcheng Ji, Yunfei Zou, Jieying Zhou, Yuqian Tian i Zhiqiang Xing. "Mechanical Properties on Various FRP-Reinforced Concrete in Cold Regions". Buildings 13, nr 1 (5.01.2023): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010138.

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The evaluation of frost resistance varies with different reinforcement methods, but it is a hot research topic for concrete reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced plastic (FRP). Freezing and thawing tests of FRP-reinforced concrete prisms and cylinders are presented to simulate beams and piers of buildings in cold climates. To evaluate the specimens’ frost resistance, tests with various reinforcement techniques, morphological analysis, weight tests, and relative dynamic modulus of elasticity tests were used. Examined also were the variations in stress–strain curves for axial compression tests and load–displacement curves for bending tests following various freeze–thaw cycles. The findings indicated that after 100 freeze–thaw cycles, the weight of unreinforced concrete cylinders decreased by 9.7%, and its compressive strength decreased by 27.6%. On the other hand, CFRP-reinforced concrete cylinders (Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastics) and GFRP (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastics) gained 1.1% and 1.58% in weight, respectively, while the compressive strength decreased by 7.4% and 8%. After 100 freeze–thaw cycles, the weights of concrete prisms with reinforcement, without reinforcement, and with CFRP reinforcement decreased by 12.13%, 8.7%, and 9.6%, respectively, and their bending strength was reduced by 20%, 42%, and 53%, respectively. The frost resistance of the two FRP-reinforced concrete types had significant differences under freeze–thaw cycles because the prismatic specimens were not fully wrapped with FRP materials. Finally, finite element software ABAQUS was used to simulate the freeze–thaw cycle test of the two specimens. Calculated values were compared to experimental results for the load–displacement curve and the axial stress–strain curve under bending load. The comparison of peak displacement produced a maximum error of 8.6%, and the FRP-reinforced concrete model validity was verified.

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Linghua, Xiong, Ming Zhimao, Zhao Kelun i Wang Fan. "Impact Damage Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Plastic Structure with Rib". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (30.03.2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2176765.

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Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) is a widely used structural form in engineering. FRP ribs can absorb most of the impact energy to protect the structure from damage. The purpose of this study is to obtain the impact resistance of FRP ribs by test and simulation. Taking glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) oil sump as the object, the damage degree of structure under different impact angles, impact velocity, and impactor masses is compared and analyzed by material test, impact test, and simulation. It can be seen from the test results that the design of surface ribs has a great influence on the energy absorption effect of the shell. The constitutive parameters of the shell material are obtained by testing, and the failure mode of the ribs is analyzed by finite element simulation. The impact effects of flying stones with different incident angles, velocities, kinetic energy, and geometric dimensions on the shell are compared and analyzed. The results show that, at the same impact energy, the impact resistance characteristics change regularly under different working conditions. Under a certain incident angle, the damage effect caused by flying stones in a specific mass range is greater. Beyond a certain incident angle, the damage begins to occur, and the larger the incident angle is, the greater the damage effect is. Combined with the actual situation and road standards, the defense of medium quality flying stones is a major concern in the design of oil pan. The results are helpful for designing reasonable ribs to improve the reliability of FRP structures.

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Chen, Xu Jun, Qiao Yang i Jun Guo. "Discussion on Formula for the Flexural Capacity of Concrete Beams Strengthened with FRP". Advanced Materials Research 1094 (marzec 2015): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1094.278.

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The flexural capacity formula of reinforced concrete structure strengthened with FRP in Code for Design of strengthening concrete structure(GB 50367—2013) was introduced, and the rationality of the formula was analyzed. The results showed that the concrete compression height is independent of the tension strength of Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP), and the concrete compression height decreases with the increase of the tension strain of FRP, which is contrary to fact. The flexural capacity formula of reinforced concrete structure strengthened with FRP in Code for Design of strengthening concrete structure (GB 50367—2013) is worth discussing.

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Miao, Yinghao, Ting Wang i Linbing Wang. "Influences of Interface Properties on the Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Asphalt Binder". Polymers 11, nr 3 (22.03.2019): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030542.

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This paper presents an experimental study about the influence of interfacial properties on the performance of fiber-reinforced asphalt. In this study, four types of fiber including one fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP), two lignin fibers, and one basalt fiber are used, and also four types of asphalt: Asphalt No. 90, asphalt No. 70, one styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified asphalt, and asphalt rubber are used. The surface energy parameters of various asphalts and fibers and the shear strength of various fiber-reinforced asphalts are measured. On the basis of these measurements, the influences of surface properties of asphalt and fiber on the performance of fiber-reinforced asphalt are analyzed. The results show that the shear strength of asphalt binder can be significantly increased by adding fibers, and the reinforcement effect is closely related to the types of asphalt and fiber. It was discovered, for the same asphalt, that the basalt fiber has the best reinforcement effect, followed by the two lignin fibers, and the FRP. For the same fiber, asphalt rubber was the most reinforced, followed by the SBS modified asphalt, asphalt No. 70 and asphalt No. 90. It was also discovered, for the same asphalt, the higher the surface energy of the fiber, the better the fiber reinforcement effect. The analysis indicates a good correlation between the work of adhesion between asphalt and fiber and the effect of fiber reinforcement. The results can be used as a basis for the selection of the proper fiber-asphalt combination to improve fiber reinforcement effects.

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Rath, Jan-Erik, Robert Graupner i Thorsten Schüppstuhl. "Processing Strategies for Dieless Forming of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites". Machines 11, nr 3 (8.03.2023): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11030365.

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The demand for lightweight materials, such as fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP), is constantly growing. However, current FRP production mostly relies on expensive molds representing the final part geometry, which is not economical for prototyping or highly individualized products, such as in the medical or sporting goods sector. Therefore, inspired by incremental sheet metal forming, we conduct a systematic functional analysis on new processing methods for shaping woven FRP without the use of molds. Considering different material combinations, such as dry fabric with thermoset resin, thermoset prepreg, thermoplastic commingled yarn weave and organo sheets, we propose potential technical implementations of novel dieless forming techniques, making use of simple robot-guided standard tools, such as hemispherical tool tips or rollers. Feasibility of selected approaches is investigated in basic practical experiments with handheld tools. Results show that the main challenge of dieless local forming, the conservation of already formed shapes while allowing drapability of remaining areas, is best fulfilled by local impregnation, consolidation and solidification of commingled yarn fabric, as well as concurrent forming of prepreg and metal wire mesh support material. Further research is proposed to improve part quality.

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Askarizadeh, N., i M. R. Mohammadizadeh. "Numerical Analysis of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) Shear Walls and Steel Strips under Cyclic Loads Using Finite Element Method". Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, nr 6 (18.12.2017): 2147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1279.

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Reinforced concrete shear walls are the main elements of resistance against lateral loads in reinforced concrete structures. These walls should not only provide sufficient resistance but also provide sufficient ductility in order to avoid brittle fracture, particularly under strong seismic loads. However, many reinforced concrete shear walls need to be stabilized and reinforced due to various reasons such as changes in requirements of seismic regulations, weaknesses in design and execution, passage of time, damaging environmental factors, patch of rebar in plastic hinges and in some cases failures and weaknesses caused by previous earthquakes or explosion loads. Recently, Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) components have been extensively and successfully used in seismic improvement. This study reinforces FRP reinforced concrete shear walls and steel strips. CFRP and steel strips are evaluated by different yield and ultimate strength. Numerical and experimental studies are done on walls with scale 1/2. These walls are exposed to cyclic loading. Hysteresis curves of force, drift and strain of FRP strips are reviewed in order to compare results of numerical work and laboratory results. Both numerical and laboratory results show that CFRP and steel strips increase resistance, capacity and ductility of the structure.

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Ertuğ, Burcu. "Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials for Marine Applications". Advanced Materials Research 772 (wrzesień 2013): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.173.

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Most widely used material in ship hull construction is undoubtedly the steel. Composite materials have become suitable choice for marine construction in 1960s. The usage of the fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) in marine applications offers ability to orient fiber strength, ability to mold complex shapes, low maintenance and flexibility. The most common reinforcement material in marine applications is E-glass fiber. Composite sandwich panels with FRP faces and low density foam cores have become the best choice for small craft applications. The U.S Navy is using honeycomb sandwich bulkheads to reduce the ship weight above the waterline. Composites will play their role in marine applications due to their lightness, strength, durability and ease of production. It is expected that especially FRP composites will endure their life for many years from now on in the construction of boat building.

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Park, Joon Seok, In Kyu Kang, Jong Hwa Park, Joo Kyung Park, Hong Taek Kim i Soon Jong Yoon. "An Experimental Investigation on the Structural Behavior of FRP-Concrete Composite Compression Members". Materials Science Forum 654-656 (czerwiec 2010): 2644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2644.

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In construction industries, new construction materials are needed to overcome some problems associated with the use of conventional construction materials due to the change of environmental and social requirements. Accordingly, the requirements to be satisfied in the design of civil engineering structures are diversified. As a new construction material in the civil engineering industries, fiber reinforced polymeric plastic (FRP) has a superior corrosion resistance, high specific strength/stiffness, etc. Therefore, such properties can be used to mitigate the problems associated with the use of conventional construction materials. Nowadays, new types of bridge piers and marine piles are being studied for new construction. They are made of concrete filled fiber reinforced polymeric plastic tubes (CFFT). In this paper, a new type of FRP-concrete composite pile which is composed of reinforced concrete filled FRP tube (RCFFT) is proposed to improve compressive strength as well as flexural strength of an RCFFT. The load carrying capacity of proposed RCFFT is discussed based on the result of experimental and analytical investigations.

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Pervaiz, Salman, Taimur Ali Qureshi, Ghanim Kashwani i Sathish Kannan. "3D Printing of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites Using Fused Deposition Modeling: A Status Review". Materials 14, nr 16 (12.08.2021): 4520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164520.

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Composite materials are a combination of two or more types of materials used to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of engineering products. When fibers are mixed in the polymeric matrix, the composite material is known as fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP). FRP materials are widely used in structural applications related to defense, automotive, aerospace, and sports-based industries. These materials are used in producing lightweight components with high tensile strength and rigidity. The fiber component in fiber-reinforced polymers provides the desired strength-to-weight ratio; however, the polymer portion costs less, and the process of making the matrix is quite straightforward. There is a high demand in industrial sectors, such as defense and military, aerospace, automotive, biomedical and sports, to manufacture these fiber-reinforced polymers using 3D printing and additive manufacturing technologies. FRP composites are used in diversified applications such as military vehicles, shelters, war fighting safety equipment, fighter aircrafts, naval ships, and submarine structures. Techniques to fabricate composite materials, degrade the weight-to-strength ratio and the tensile strength of the components, and they can play a critical role towards the service life of the components. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a technique for 3D printing that allows layered fabrication of parts using thermoplastic composites. Complex shape and geometry with enhanced mechanical properties can be obtained using this technique. This paper highlights the limitations in the development of FRPs and challenges associated with their mechanical properties. The future prospects of carbon fiber (CF) and polymeric matrixes are also mentioned in this study. The study also highlights different areas requiring further investigation in FDM-assisted 3D printing. The available literature on FRP composites is focused only on describing the properties of the product and the potential applications for it. It has been observed that scientific knowledge has gaps when it comes to predicting the performance of FRP composite parts fabricated under 3D printing (FDM) techniques. The mechanical properties of 3D-printed FRPs were studied so that a correlation between the 3D printing method could be established. This review paper will be helpful for researchers, scientists, manufacturers, etc., working in the area of FDM-assisted 3D printing of FRPs.

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Bang, Junsik, Hyunju Lee, Yemi Yang, Jung-Kwon Oh i Hyo Won Kwak. "Nano/Micro Hybrid Bamboo Fibrous Preforms for Robust Biodegradable Fiber Reinforced Plastics". Polymers 13, nr 4 (20.02.2021): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040636.

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The focus on high-strength and functional natural fiber-based composite materials is growing as interest in developing eco-friendly plastics and sustainable materials increases. An eco-friendly fibrous composite with excellent mechanical properties was prepared by applying the bamboo-derived nano and microfiber multiscale hybridization phenomenon. As a result, the cellulose nanofibers simultaneously coated the micro-bamboo fiber surface and adhered between them. The multiscale hybrid phenomenon implemented between bamboo nano and microfibers improved the tensile strength, elongation, Young’s modulus, and toughness of the fibrous composite. The enhancement of the fibrous preform mechanical properties also affected the reinforcement of biodegradable fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP). This eco-friendly nano/micro fibrous preform can be extensively utilized in reinforced preforms for FRPs and other green plastic industry applications.

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Kumar, Mayank. "Corrosion Behavior and Internal Pressure Capacity of a Composite System Used to Connect Metallic Pipes". Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications 71, nr 2 (6.03.2022): 574–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/msea.v71i2.2137.

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This research aims over how different kinds of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) may change the internal pressure capacity and corrosion behavior of linked metal pipes. Hence, aluminum pipes have been fabricated for further usage in wrapping with various FRP and welding. Used FRP materials include carbon fiber/epoxy (CFRP) and kevlar fiber/epoxy (KFRP) (CFRP). These fibers have been slit into narrow strips for use in the fabric-winding technique of connecting. Four-layer KFRP pipes and eight-layer KFRP-CFRP pipes are also viable options that have been investigated. On the other hand, comparisons have been made using pipes that have two different kinds of welding. The findings demonstrated an increase in the internal pressure capacity of the pipe compared to welding. The corrosion test was finally performed. The findings demonstrated that FRP connecting methods outperformed both welded and unjoined pipes in terms of corrosion resistance. These findings indicate that FRP composites have a bright future for use in pipe joining.

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Pavlov, Victor P., Vilina M. Kudoyarova i Alexander A. Philippov. "Modeling of the elastic characteristics of a long-fiber reinforced composite with an arbitrary orientation of the reinforcing fibers". MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822403006.

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Currently, the question of the best scheme for constructing a mathematical model of a homogeneous anisotropic elastic material equivalent to fiber reinforced plastic composite (FRP) with arbitrary laminate stacking sequence configuration, have been remained open. A new method for the theoretical prediction of anisotropic elastic characteristics of material equivalent to a given FRP is suggested in this paper. Results are obtained for representative volume elemen (RV) which has been cut out in three different ways from FRP. Calculations for a specific FRP have shown that the FRP replacement by a homogeneous anisotropic material equivalent to it leads to an error order 10% for the elastic properties.

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Grande, E., M. Imbimbo i A. Rasulo. "Experimental Response of RC Beams Strengthened in Shear by FRP Sheets". Open Civil Engineering Journal 7, nr 1 (30.09.2013): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501307010127.

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The paper discusses the results of an experimental investigation carried out on reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened in shear by externally bonded fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) sheets. The study is devoted to analyze the role that the transverse steel reinforcement and the beam slenderness ratio could play on the resistant mechanism of RC beams strengthened in shear by FRP composites. The results are summarized and analyzed in detail in the paper in terms of shear capacity, cracking pattern and shear resisting contribution of FRP.

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Yu, Jin, Qing Long Yan, Guo Qing Huang i Jian Ping Li. "Simulation Analysis on Four Corners Leveling System of FRP Products Hydraulic Press". Applied Mechanics and Materials 233 (listopad 2012): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.233.146.

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The four corners leveling system of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) press is the most central part. The quality of the processed products directly determined by the accuracy of the four corners leveling system. This article takes use of the EASY5 to model and simulate for the four corners leveling system of fiber reinforced plastic press. The simulation result shows that larger load results slower response and lower dynamic precision of the leveling and different original position of piston has little impact on leveling.

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Shi, Jian, Shougo Wada, Kiyosi Kemmochi i Li Min Bao. "Development of Recycling System for Fiber-Reinforced Plastics by Superheated Steam". Key Engineering Materials 464 (styczeń 2011): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.464.414.

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A recycling system was developed for the treatment of fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) by superheated steam. The process was shown to be robust, coping with scrap of FRP and providing useful outputs in the form of recovered fibers and resin. In this study, glass FRP (GFRP) was decomposed at a chamber temperature above 370°C. Fibers were collected at purities of up to 80%. The tensile strength of recovered glass fibers was reduced by up to 50% although this depended on the temperature of treatment. Resin was separated from the gas stream by cooling it to liquefaction temperature of resin.

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Chen, Jin, Shi Yong Jiang, Zhi Kun Lin, Ying Tao Li, Xiang Rong Zeng, Wei Wang i San Nian Zheng. "Experimental Studies on Transfer Beam Supported Frame Equipped with Fiber Reinforced Plastics Bars". Advanced Materials Research 717 (lipiec 2013): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.717.277.

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Through pseudo static test on three pieces of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) transfer beam supported frame with three different reinforcement form, reinforcement ratio and the number of root reinforcement ,which are subjected to the vertical load and horizontal low cycle reciprocating load, the specimen fracture development law, yield mechanism, failure pattern, and bearing capacity, ductility, hysteresis characteristics and seismic performance are analyzed. The test results show that: yield mechanism and failure pattern of transfer beam supported frame equipped with fiber reinforced plastics reinforced bars are reasonable. The bearing capacity and deformation performance of transfer beam supported frame with top and bottom longitudinal bar replaced by FRP bars and symmetrical reinforced box are better than that of single upper replacement for FRP and lower replacement for FRP. The ductility performance of transfer beam supported frame equipped with fiber reinforced plastics bars is good, hysteresis curve is full, and have good seismic performance.

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Xue, Wei Chen, i Kai Fu. "Experimental Research on Interlaminal Shear Strength of GFRP Bridge Decks under Simulated Concrete Environment". Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (listopad 2012): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.249.

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Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composite which has high strength, high fatigue resistance, low density, and better corrosion resistances is desirable characteristics for bridge applications, especially decks. According to the ACI 440.3R04, Glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) bridge deck samples were immersed into the simulated concrete environment at 60 for 92d (corresponds to the natural environment 25 years). The results show that, with the time increased, the interlaminal shear strength of GFRP bridge decks decreased significantly. After being exposed to the simulated concrete environment for 3.65d, 18d, 36.5d and 92d, the interlaminal shear strength degradation of GFRP bridge decks were 18.69%, 25.90%, 50.93% and 53.74%, respectively. The micro-formation of the GFRP bridge deck sample surface was surveyed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which indicated that with the aging time increased, corrosion pits in the surface of GFRP bridge decks became more obviously and the interface between fiber and resin was severely damaged. Therefore, the degradation of FRP under the simulated concrete environment should be considered in the design of FRP bridge decks.

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Pando, Miguel, George Filz, Carl Ealy i Edward Hoppe. "Axial and Lateral Load Performance of Two Composite Piles and One Prestressed Concrete Pile". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1849, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1849-08.

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Composite piles use fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs), plastics, and other materials to replace or protect steel or concrete, with the intent being to produce piles that have lower maintenance costs and longer service lives than those of conventional piles, especially in marine applications and other corrosive environments. Well-documented field loading tests of composite piles are scarce, and this lack of a reliable database may be one reason that composite piles are not in widespread use for load-bearing applications. The purpose of this research is to compare the axial and lateral load behavior of two different types of composite test piles and a conventional prestressed concrete test pile at a bridge construction site in Hampton, Virginia. One of the composite piles is an FRP shell filled with concrete and reinforced with steel bars. The other composite pile consists of a polyethylene plastic matrix surrounding a steel reinforcing cage. The axial structural stiffnesses of the prestressed concrete pile and the FRP pile are similar, and they are both much stiffer than the plastic pile. The flexurel stiffness of the prestressed concrete pile is greater than that of the FRP pile, which is greater than the flexural stiffness of the plastic pile. The axial geotechnical capacities of the test piles decreased in order from the prestressed concrete pile to the FRP pile to the plastic pile. The prestressed concrete pile and the FRP pile exhibited a similar response for lateral load versus deflection, and the plastic pile was much less stiff in lateral loading.

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Kim, Ji Hyun, Bhum Keun Song, Joon Hyuk Song i Kyoung Jae Min. "Control of Mechanical Properties of FRP (Fiber-Reinforced Plastic) via Arrangement of High-Strength/High-Ductility Fiber in a Blended Fabric". Materials 16, nr 14 (14.07.2023): 5001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16145001.

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Carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) has been widely investigated as a reinforcement material to address the corrosion and durability issues of reinforced concrete (RC). To improve the strain of FRP grids, we investigated the effect of single-fiber types, hybrid ratios, and stacking patterns on the strain of the composite materials. Blended fabrics in which different fibers are woven were used to further improve the strain of carbon fibers (CFs). In the blended fabrics, CFs with high tensile strength were mixed with high-strain glass fibers (GFs) or aramid fibers (AFs). Fibers with different mechanical properties were mixed to improve the strain without reducing the tensile strength of the composite materials. The fiber arrangement direction was controlled by CF/GF blended fabric. CFs are arranged in the direction parallel to the tensile load direction with no strength degradation, and GFs are arranged in the direction perpendicular to the increase in strain. Compared to the mechanical properties of the single CF composites, the fabrics obtained via an FRP mixing method proposed in this study showed an increase in the tensile strength by 7% from 568.17 to 608.34 MPa with no strength degradation and an increase in strain by 34% from 0.97% to 1.30%.

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Shahawy, Mohsen, Thomas E. Beitelman i Omar Chaallal. "Construction Considerations for Repair of Bridges with Externally Bonded Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Material". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1740, nr 1 (styczeń 2000): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1740-21.

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A recent advancement in the field of structural rehabilitation consists of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) composites used to strengthen structural elements. Since a significant portion of the infrastructure in North America is in need of a rapidly applied strengthening and rehabilitation solution, much interest in this method has developed. FRP systems provide the advantage of increasing ductility and shear and flexural strength, whereas they are lightweight and can be applied relatively quickly and easily. Guidelines that the engineer can use to recommend construction specifications involved in FRP applications are provided. The results are based on numerous field applications and will help provide an efficient and proper repair method.

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Yuan, Fang, Liping Chen, Mengcheng Chen i Kaicheng Xu. "Behaviour of Hybrid Steel and FRP-Reinforced Concrete—ECC Composite Columns under Reversed Cyclic Loading". Sensors 18, nr 12 (2.12.2018): 4231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124231.

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Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) is used widely in concrete structures owing to its noncorrosive, light-weight, nonmagnetic, and high tensile-strength properties. However, the FRP-reinforced concrete flexural member exhibits low ductility owing to the linear–elastic property of FRP reinforcement. Hybrid steel—FRP-reinforced concrete members exhibit good strength and ductility under flexure owing to the inelastic deformation of steel reinforcement. The existing investigations have focused on the mechanical behaviours of the hybrid steel—FRP-reinforced flexural members. Only few studies have been reported on the members under combined flexural and compression loads, such as columns, owing to the poor compressive behaviour of FRP bars. We herein propose a new type of hybrid steel—FRP-reinforced concrete—engineered cementitious composite (ECC) composite column with ECC applied to the plastic hinge region and tested it under reversed cyclic loading. The hybrid steel—FRP-reinforced concrete column was also tested for comparison. The influence of matrix type in the plastic hinge region on the failure mode, crack pattern, ultimate strength, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity, of the columns were evaluated systematically. We found that the substitution of concrete with ECC in the plastic hinge zone can prevent the local buckling of FRP bars efficiently, and subsequently improve the strength and ductility of the column substantially.

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Huang, Jing, Zhuo Bin Wei i Yi Gao. "Application Research on the New GFRP Members Based Modified Behavior Used in Building". Key Engineering Materials 517 (czerwiec 2012): 910–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.517.910.

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Glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) is an immensely versatile material which combines lightweight with inherent strength. For the properties of sustainability, energy efficiency and reduction of CO2 of GFRP, they can be used in green building as a kind of the energy-efficient and environment-friendly material instead of the conventional materials. Based on the less elastic modulus and lower wave-transparent properties of glass fiber reinforced plastics for unsaturated polyester resin (UPR-FRP), a new kind of glass fiber reinforced plastics based modified unsaturated polyester (MUPR-FRP) was put forward. This paper presents material behavior and technical process of the new MUPR-FRP. For the modified property, the MUPR-FRP members may have the well superiority compare with the steel and the concrete materials used in strengthening engineering and special loading resistance.

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Choi, Jin Woo, Seung Sik Lee, Hyung Joong Joo, Young Jong Sim i Soon Jong Yoon. "Form Factor for the Design of Pultruded FRP Structural Members under Compression". Materials Science Forum 654-656 (czerwiec 2010): 2648–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2648.

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As a new construction material, fiber reinforced polymeric plastic structural shapes are readily available. Therefore, construction and structure rehabilitation using FRP materials are an ever increasing trend because of FRP material’s superior chemical and mechanical properties compared with those of conventional construction materials such as steel and concrete. Among the FRP materials, pultruded fiber reinforced polymeric plastics are the most popular for civil engineering applications. However, it has relatively low modulus of elasticity and also cross-section of structural shapes is composed of plate components such as flange and web. Therefore, stability is an important issue in the design of pultruded structural shapes. For the design of pultruded structural member under compression, buckling and post-buckling strengths of plate components should be taken into account. In the structural steel design following AISC/ LRFD, this effect, in addition to the buckling strength, is incorporated with a form factor. In this research, the form factor for the design of pultruded structural shapes under compression is investigated. Based on the analytical study, the form factor for the design of pultruded structural shapes have been suggested.

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45

Al-Fatlawi, Alaa, Károly Jármai i György Kovács. "Optimization of a Totally Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composite Sandwich Construction of Helicopter Floor for Weight Saving, Fuel Saving and Higher Safety". Polymers 13, nr 16 (15.08.2021): 2735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162735.

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The application of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) composites as structural elements of air vehicles provides weight saving, which results in a reduction in fuel consumption, fuel cost, and air pollution, and a higher speed. The goal of this research was to elaborate a new optimization method for a totally FRP composite construction for helicopter floors. During the optimization, 46 different layer combinations of 4 different FRP layers (woven glass fibers with phenolic resin; woven glass fibers with epoxy resin; woven carbon fibers with epoxy resin; hybrid composite) and FRP honeycomb core structural elements were investigated. The face sheets were composed of a different number of layers with cross-ply, angle-ply, and multidirectional fiber orientations. During the optimization, nine design constraints were considered: deflection; face sheet stress (bending load, end loading); stiffness; buckling; core shear stress; skin wrinkling; intracell buckling; and shear crimping. The single-objective weight optimization was solved by applying the Interior Point Algorithm of the Matlab software, the Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) Nonlinear Algorithm of the Excel Solver software, and the Laminator software. The Digimat-HC software solved the numerical models for the optimum sandwich plates of helicopter floors. The main contribution is developing a new method for optimizing a totally FRP composite sandwich structure—due to its material constituents and construction—that is more advantageous than traditional helicopter floors. A case study validated this fact.

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Lin, H. J., i C. I. Liao. "Comparison of Fatigue Tensile Properties of Scrimp-Gfrp and Hlup-Gfrp". Journal of Mechanics 24, nr 3 (wrzesień 2008): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100002276.

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AbstractSeemann Composites Resin Infusion Molding Process (called SCRIMPTM for short) is a resin transfer molding process which is commonly used in the manufacture of yachts. Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (called FRP for short) manufactured by using SCRIMP has higher fiber-volume-content than that manufactured by using Hand Lay-Up Process (called HLUP for short). In general, the tensile strength and fatigue strength are used to compare the tensile properties of SCRIMP-FRP and HLUP-FRP. In this paper, another viewpoint of comparison is used to compare their tensile properties, especially their fatigue tensile properties. Experiments on the fatigue life and damage phenomena in SCRIMP-FRP and HLUP-FRP were performed. Experimental results show that if the same fibers are used in SCRIMP-FRP and HLUPFRP, SCRIMP-FRP will be much thinner than HLUP-FRP and few air bubbles exist inside SCRIMP-FRP. Although SCRIMP-FRP has higher tensile strength than HLU-FRP, the tensile forces they can bear are approached. That means, processes do not affect the tensile load carrying capacities of FRP. However, SCRIMP-FRP exhibits shorter fatigue life than HLUP-FRP. The reason for that is discussed in this paper and qualitative analysis is performed to explain the author's contentions.

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47

Chaallal, O., M. J. Nollet i D. Perraton. "Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with externally bonded fiber-reinforced-plastic plates: design guidelines for shear and flexure". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, nr 4 (1.08.1998): 692–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l98-008.

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This paper presents a comprehensive design approach for reinforced concrete flexural beams and unidirectional slabs strengthened with externally bonded fiber-reinforced-plastic (FRP) plates. The approach complies with the Canadian Concrete Standard. The paper is divided into two parts, namely flexural strengthening and shear strengthening. In the first part, analytical models are presented for two families of failure modes: classical modes such as crushing of concrete in compression and tensile failure of the laminate, and premature modes such as debonding of the plate and ripping off of the concrete cover. These models are based on the common principles of compatibility of deformations and equilibrium of forces. They can be used to predict the ultimate strength in flexure that can be achieved by such elements, given the FRP cross-sectional area, or conversely, the required FRP cross-sectional area to achieve a targeted resisting moment for rehabilitated flexural elements. In the second part, design equations are derived to enable calculation of the required cross-sectional area of shear lateral FRP plates or strips for four plating patterns: vertical strips, inclined strips, wings, and U sheet jackets. A step by step procedure is also presented along with an easy to use flow chart. Finally, a numerical design example is provided to demonstrate the applicability of the approach. This study is believed to be timely and very useful for the practicing engineer.Key words: reinforced concrete, beams, slabs, strengthening, FRP, plates, design, flexure, shear, mode of failure, adhesive.

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Chambers, Richard E. "ASCE Design Standard for Pultruded Fiber-Reinforced-Plastic (FRP) Structures". Journal of Composites for Construction 1, nr 1 (luty 1997): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0268(1997)1:1(26).

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Bhatnagar, N., N. Ramakrishnan, N. K. Naik i R. Komanduri. "On the machining of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composite laminates". International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 35, nr 5 (maj 1995): 701–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-6955(95)93039-9.

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Lim, Boon Kok, i Zhiyuan Song. "Retrofitting of Occupied Buildings Using Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Techniques". IABSE Symposium Report 88, nr 1 (1.01.2004): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137804796302860.

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