Artykuły w czasopismach: „Fertilisation”

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Mead, Kristina S., i David Epel. "Beakers versus breakers: how fertilisation in the laboratory differs from fertilisation in nature". Zygote 3, nr 2 (maj 1995): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096719940000246x.

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SummaryThe fertilisation of free-spawning invertebrates, mainly sea urchins, has been studied extensively during the last hundred years. However, results obtained fromin vitroexperiments do not always reflect what happens in the real world. Organisms in their natural habitats have a complex set of challenges, cues and behaviours to contend with during fertilisation and early development, factors that are normally not considered in the laboratory setting. This review examines recent work on fertilisation ecology and discusses the relevance of these results to the findings gleaned from laboratory research. Emphasis is placed on stresses associated with fertilisationin situ, and how responses to environmental stresses (such as from turbulence, oxidative stress, ultraviolet radiation and pathogens) might affect the fertilisation process.

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Kacjan Maršić, Nina, Ksenija Sinkovič Može, Rok Mihelič, Marijan Nečemer, Metka Hudina i Jerneja Jakopič. "Nitrogen and Sulphur Fertilisation for Marketable Yields of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. Capitata), Leaf Nitrate and Glucosinolates and Nitrogen Losses Studied in a Field Experiment in Central Slovenia". Plants 10, nr 7 (27.06.2021): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071304.

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A field trial of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.) was carried out under the humid temperate climate conditions in Central Slovenia to investigate the effects of calcium ammonium nitrate (0, 180 and 240 kg N ha−1) and gypsum (0 and 40 kg S ha−1) fertilisation on yield, yield quality (nitrate, glucosinolate levels and glucosinolate profile) and nitrogen use efficiency. The highest marketable yield, dry matter yield and nitrogen uptake were obtained at the highest nitrogen fertilisation rate when in combination with sulphur. For this treatment, the nitrogen surplus in the soil after harvesting was lower than for the same nitrogen fertilisation without sulphur application. For the combination N240S40, the sulphur addition significantly increased nitrogen use efficiency, which resulted in reduced nitrate content in the cabbage heads. The chemical forms of glucosinolates showed that 80–85% were aliphatic glucosinolates with the remainder as the indole group. For the aliphatic glucosinolates, significant interactions between nitrogen and sulphur fertilisations were reflected in increased levels of progoitrin and glucoiberin when sulphur was applied at the lower nitrogen fertilisation rates. For the indole group, the levels of glucobrassicin and the indole group itself decreased at higher nitrogen fertilisation rates, independent of sulphur fertilisation.

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Stiller, Ruth. "Assistierte Fertilisation". Urologie in der Praxis 23, nr 2 (czerwiec 2021): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41973-021-00143-0.

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ZusammenfassungUngewollte Kinderlosigkeit ist ein ernst zu nehmendes Problem. Für viele Paare stellt der Wunsch nach einem Kind einen zentralen Lebensinhalt dar. Gemäss der „World Health Organisation“ (WHO) liegt eine Sterilität vor, wenn trotz regelmässigem und ungeschütztem Geschlechtsverkehr nach 1 Jahr noch keine Schwangerschaft eingetreten ist. Die Prävalenz variiert je nach Land. Es wird geschätzt, dass in der westlichen Welt ca. jedes 7. Paar betroffen ist. Zahlreiche Gründe können für eine ungewollte Kinderlosigkeit verantwortlich sein. Vor Beginn einer Sterilitätstherapie sollten diese abgeklärt werden, um eine optimale Wahl der Sterilitätstherapie treffen zu können. Die assistiert-reproduktionsmedizinischen Techniken stellen wichtige Therapieoptionen mit guten Erfolgschancen dar. Mit dem Inkrafttreten des revidierten Fortpflanzungsmedizingesetztes der Schweiz ist es nun auch möglich, Verfahren, die früher nur im Ausland erfolgen konnten, im Inland durchzuführen. So kann mittlerweile Paaren mit schweren Erbleiden auch im eigenen Land eine Präimplantationsdiagnostik erfolgreich angeboten werden.

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DARNAUDERY, MARIE, PATRICK FOURNIER i MATHIEU LÉCHAUDEL. "LOW-INPUT PINEAPPLE CROPS WITH HIGH QUALITY FRUIT: PROMISING IMPACTS OF LOCALLY INTEGRATED AND ORGANIC FERTILISATION COMPARED TO CHEMICAL FERTILISERS". Experimental Agriculture 54, nr 2 (20.04.2016): 286–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479716000284.

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SUMMARYFruit and vegetable farming generally involves high levels of chemical inputs despite the fact that consumers are increasingly concerned about the sanitary and organoleptic aspects of fruit quality. Pineapple is largely subject to these issues since it is dominated by conventional monocropping with high levels of agrochemical inputs due to nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilisation, weed management, crop protection and flowering induction. However, low-input pineapple cropping systems are both rare and little documented. Our study aimed at replacing all or part of the chemical fertilisers used with local organic fertilisers. It was conducted on the cultivar ‘Queen Victoria’, without pesticides or herbicides, in Reunion Island. We compared the impacts of three fertilisation treatments on pineapple growth and yield, fruit quality traits, symptoms of two major fungal diseases in fruit and production costs and labour times: (i) conventional: NPK fertiliser at recommended doses (265.5 kg ha−1 N–10.53 kg ha−1 P–445.71 kg ha−1 K); (ii) integrated: Mucuna pruriens green manure (240.03 kg ha−1 N, 18.62 kg ha−1 P, 136.11 kg ha−1 K) incorporated into the soil and a half-dose of NPK fertiliser and (iii) organic: M. pruriens green manure incorporated into the soil and foliar applications of sugarcane vinasse from a local distillery, rich in K (14.44 g L−1). Our results showed that NPK fertilisation could be replaced by organic fertilisers as well as by integrated fertilisation. ‘D’-leaf analysis showed that vinasse supplies a largely sufficient K level for growing pineapples. With organic fertilisation, pineapple growth was slower, 199 days after planting vs. 149 days for integrated or conventional fertilisations, and fruit yield was lower, 47.25 t ha−1 vs. 52.51 and 61.24 t ha−1, probably because M. pruriens green manure provided an early increase in soil mineral N, whereas N requirements are much higher four months after planting. However, the fruit weight (709.94 ± 123.53 g) was still within the size range required for the export market (600–900 g). Interestingly, organic fertilisation significantly reduced Leathery Pocket disease and produced the best quality fruit with the highest total soluble solids contents (TSS) and the lowest titratable acidity (TTA). Fruit quality was also significantly improved with integrated fertilisation, with fruit weight similar to that of conventional fertilisation. To conclude, these findings have implications for the sustainability of pineapple production and could lead to low-input innovative cropping systems that reduce production costs and develop local organic inputs.

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Jennings, Jenifer C., Kimberly Moreland i C. Matthew Peterson. "In Vitro Fertilisation". Drugs 52, nr 3 (wrzesień 1996): 313–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199652030-00002.

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Mdibeh, Abdelaziz. "Fertilisation ou intégration". Meta: Journal des traducteurs 32, nr 3 (1987): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/003609ar.

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Orain, Olivier. "Une fertilisation paradoxale ?" Revue d'histoire des sciences humaines, nr 26 (19.02.2015): 243–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rhsh.2426.

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Hannon, Patrick. "In Vitro Fertilisation". Irish Theological Quarterly 55, nr 1 (marzec 1989): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002114008905500102.

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Coughlan, Carol, i William L. Ledger. "In-vitro fertilisation". Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine 18, nr 11 (listopad 2008): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ogrm.2008.08.009.

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Maheshwari, Abha. "In vitro fertilisation". Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine 30, nr 2 (luty 2020): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ogrm.2019.11.002.

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Abdalla, H. I., T. Leonard, R. J. Baber, A. Kirkland, P. A. R. Stocker, E. C. Owen i J. W. W. Studd. "In vitro fertilisation". BMJ 296, nr 6634 (21.05.1988): 1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.296.6634.1470.

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Barlow, D. "In vitro fertilisation". BMJ 297, nr 6642 (16.07.1988): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.297.6642.201-c.

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Kingsland, C. R., B. A. Mason i E. Owen. "In vitro fertilisation". BMJ 297, nr 6643 (23.07.1988): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.297.6643.289-c.

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Ola, Bolarinde, i William L. Ledger. "In vitro fertilisation". Current Obstetrics & Gynaecology 15, nr 5 (październik 2005): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.curobgyn.2005.06.006.

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Stroud, J. L., H. F. Li, F. J. Lopez-Bellido, M. R. Broadley, I. Foot, S. J. Fairweather-Tait, D. J. Hart i in. "Impact of sulphur fertilisation on crop response to selenium fertilisation". Plant and Soil 332, nr 1-2 (25.11.2009): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0230-8.

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Silla, Aimee J. "Artificial fertilisation in a terrestrial toadlet (Pseudophryne guentheri): effect of medium osmolality, sperm concentration and gamete storage". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, nr 8 (2013): 1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd12223.

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Anurans exhibit a greater reproductive diversity than any other vertebrate order. However, studies investigating the effects of the external fertilisation environment on fertilisation success are limited to aquatic-breeding species. This study investigated the effects of fertilisation medium osmolality, sperm concentration and short-term oocyte storage on fertilisation success in a terrestrial-breeding anuran, Pseudophryne guentheri. Split-clutch experimental designs were used to determine optimal fertilisation conditions. To determine the effect of short-term sperm storage, sperm viability was assessed using fluorescence microscopy and percentage sperm motility and velocity quantified with a computer-assisted sperm analysis system. Fertilisation success was highest in media ranging in osmolality from 25 mOsm kg–1 to 100 mOsm kg–1, representing a broader range and higher optimal osmolality than previously reported for aquatic breeders. High rates of fertilisation (>75%) were achieved in relatively low sperm concentrations (2.5 × 104 mL–1). Oocytes stored in isotonic solutions (200 mOsm kg–1) retained fertilisation capacity (32%) after 8 h of storage, while sperm suspensions maintained motility (≥26%) for 13 days. Additional studies on terrestrial-breeding anurans will be required to ascertain whether the optimal fertilisation conditions reported reflect adaptations to achieve fertilisation in a terrestrial environment.

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POPKISS, Sophie, Fabrizzio HORTA, Beverly VOLLENHOVEN, Mark P. GREEN i Deirdre ZANDER-FOX. "Efficacy of Calcium Chloride Dihydrate Supplementation at ICSI on Patient Outcomes". Fertility & Reproduction 04, nr 03n04 (wrzesień 2022): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318222741182.

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Background: ICSI typically results in fertilisation rates of >65% however patients may still have low or no fertilisation despite the oocyte and sperm quality appearing normal. After entry of the sperm into the oocyte, a cascade of reactions facilitates calcium release and subsequent oocyte activation. In cases of poor or failed fertilisation it is possible that this cascade fails and therefore different methods of artificial oocyte activation are used to try and induce calcium release. Aim: To determine if calcium chloride dihydrate supplementation in the PVP (5mM) at the time of ICSI (ICSI-Ca) improves fertilisation, utilisation and clinical pregnancy rates compared to ICSI alone, particularly in patients with a history of low fertilisation (<50%). Methods: Retrospective study between 2016-2021 at Monash IVF Victoria on a paired cohort of patients (n=178 patients) where an ICSI cycle was analysed coupled with the subsequent ICSI-Ca cycle. The paired cohort was further subdivided into a low-fertilisation cohort (<50% fertilisation on previous cycles: n=66 patients) compared to the remaining patients with normal-fertilisation ([Formula: see text] 50%; n=122). Exclusion criteria included donor cycles, PGT patients, surgical sperm retrieval, women [Formula: see text] 45 years old, patients with >6 cycles and [Formula: see text] 5 inseminated oocytes. Results: Calcium supplementation increased both fertilisation (28.8% ICSI vs 49.7% ICSI-Ca, p<0.0001) and clinical pregnancy rate (4.9% ICSI vs 25.0% ICSI-Ca: p<0.05) in the low-fertilisation cohort but not in the normal-fertilisation cohort. Interestingly, utilisation rate increased in the normal-fertilisation cohort (32.6% ICSI vs ICSI-Ca: 44.9%, p<0.01) but not in the low-fertilisation cohort, although the number of extra embryos utilised per patient after ICSI-Ca increased in both groups. Conclusion: Calcium supplementation appears not to be a detrimental addition to ICSI and may improve IVF outcomes, particularly for patients with a history of low fertilisation. Further investigations including prospective case matched studies or RCT are required to confirm these findings.

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Thunnissen, Liselot J. W., Cindy G. J. Cleypool i Bernadette S. de Bakker. "Where do human sperm and egg meet?" Reproduction 161, nr 1 (styczeń 2021): V1—V4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-20-0375.

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Summary Although it is commonly accepted that fertilisation in humans occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube, the peritoneal cavity might represent an alternative fertilisation site. Studies substantiating both fertilisation sites were reviewed and new insights on the fertilisation site in humans are discussed, including their implications for reproductive medicine.

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Chundekkad, P., T. Stankiewicz, B. Błaszczyk i J. Udała. "Polyspermic fertilisation of porcine oocytes in vitro – a current review". Veterinární Medicína 64, No. 12 (23.12.2019): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/79/2019-vetmed.

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Polyspermic fertilisation has been a continual problem in porcine in vitro fertilisation. Over the years, researchers have tried to resolve this persistent problem, but have not been entirely successful in their endeavour. This can be attributed to several factors. This review discusses the role of sperm capacitation in the in vitro fertilisation and the most recent studies on the capacitation media. This includes the results obtained by testing the effect of various compounds on sperm capacitation. Additionally, the importance of the oviductal fluid on the porcine oocytes prior to fertilisation is also discussed. This is of significance, as the experiments show that oviductal fluid is crucial for the pre-fertilisation zona pellucida hardening. Also, the significance of using high quality oocytes for the in vitro fertilisation is highlighted. Lastly, the different and latest techniques to prevent or reduce polyspermic fertilisation have been reviewed.

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Kyozuka, Keiichiro, i Kenzi Osanai. "Cytochalasin B does not block sperm penetration into denuded starfish oocytes". Zygote 2, nr 2 (maj 1994): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400001854.

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SummaryDuring fertilisation in starfish oocytes, the fertilisation cone develops temporarily beneath the penetrating sperm. The role of the fertilisation cone in sperm incorporation in the starfish Asterias amurensis was examined using cytochalasin B (CB). CB (2 μM) allowed sperm acrosomal process–egg plasma membrane fusion and egg activation, but inhibited the development of the fertilisation cone containing actin microfilaments. When sperm were added to intact oocytes (with the jelly coat and vitelline coat) in seawater containing CB, the sperm head did not penetrate the fertilisation membrane. Although the acrosomal process fused with egg plasma membrane, the sperm head remained outside the fertilisation membrane. On the other hand, denuded oocytes without the jelly coat and vitelline coat allowed sperm penetration even in the presence of 2 μM CB. Electron microscopy revealed that sperm organelles, including the acrosomal process, nucleus, mitochondrion and tail, were incorporated into the slightly electron-dense cytoplasm, which was similar to the cytoplasm of the fertilisation cone. These results show that the development of the fertilisation cone/actin filament complex is not essential for incorporation of the sperm, since incorporation can occur in denuded oocytes. However, the cone is required for fertilisation of intact oocytes, suggesting that this actin-filament-containing structure is necessary for getting the sperm through the outer egg coats.

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DUNEA, Daniel, Loredana Beatrice NEAGU FRĂSIN i Niculae DINCĂ. "Ecophysiological Responses of White Clover - Hybrid Ryegrass Mixture to Foliar Fertilisation". Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 43, nr 1 (17.06.2015): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4319918.

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The rationale of the study was to check whether the association of hybrid ryegrass with white clover owing a moderate competition capacity, and optimal foliar fertilization will provide high and stable yields by reducing conventional fertilization rates. The experiment was carried out during two years of cropping with six growth cycles in a randomized block design with three replicates in Targoviste Piedmont Plain, South of Romania. In the first year, the plots received no nitrogen fertilisers in order to allow the biological potential development. In the second year, foliar fertilisation was applied six times in the fertilised variants during the vegetation season. The comparison between the six growth cycles showed that the biological potential of white clover in pure stand without foliar fertilisation was higher in the first cropping year than in the second one. Application of foliar fertilisation treatments enhanced the competition capacity of the hybrid ryegrass in the first production cycle of the second year. In white clover pure stand, the fertilisation increased the assimilatory areas from 3.6 to 4.8 (p<0.05). The contribution of hybrid ryegrass to the cumulative Leaf Area Index of species in the binary mixture was significant (4.7 no fertilisation; 4.9 foliar fertilisation), which revealed a low competition capacity of white clover in mixture (0.69 no fertilisation; 1.03 foliar fertilisation). In white clover-hybrid ryegrass mixtures, foliar fertilisation showed benefits in the first two growth cycles according to the phenophase particularities and weather conditions.

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SUOJALA, T., T. SALO i R. PESSALA. "Effects of fertilisation and irrigation practices on yield, maturity and storability of onions". Agricultural and Food Science 7, nr 4 (4.01.1998): 477–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5610.

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The study aimed to establish whether a high onion yield and good storage performance could be obtained with low fertilisation rates if irrigation was applied when necessary. Two-year experiments investigated the effects of three NPK fertiliser levels (N 50, 100, 125/150 kg/ha), with and without irrigation, on yield, advancement of maturity, storage losses and shelf life. High fertilisation advanced maturity but irrigation had no effect. High fertilisation increased yield only in 1996 (5B7%), but irrigation increased the yield noticeably: by 33.5% in 1995 and 8.5% in 1996. There was no interaction between fertilisation and irrigation. The low fertilisation optimum is attributed to the mineralisation of soil nitrogen, as the soil was rich in organic matter. At the low fertilisation level, plants took up twice as much nitrogen as present in the fertiliser, and with increased fertilisation the nitrogen uptake increased markedly. The foliage nitrogen content was low, evidently as a result of late harvesting. Treatments had only a minor effect on the storage performance and shelf life of onions. The results suggest that fertilisation rates could be reduced in onion production. Irrigation during warm and dry periods is essential to achieve the maximum yield potential and does not impair the storage quality of onions.;

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Goudet, Ghylène. "Fertilisation in the horse and paracrine signalling in the oviduct". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, nr 8 (2011): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd10285.

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The mammalian oviduct plays a crucial role in the preparation of gametes for fertilisation (transport and final maturation) and fertilisation itself. An increasing number of studies offers a comprehensive overview of the functions of the oviduct and its secretions, but this topic has had limited investigation in the horse. Limited data are available on the final oocyte maturation in the equine oviduct. However, in vitro and in vivo systems have been established to analyse the influence of equine oviduct epithelial cells (OEC) during maturation on the potential of oocytes for fertilisation and development. Most studies focus on the role of the oviduct in equine sperm function, such as spermatozoa transport, attachment to oviduct epithelium, viability, motility and capacitation. Moreover, some possible candidate molecules for sperm–oviducal interactions have been identified in the horse. Finally, the low efficiency of conventional in vitro fertilisation and the in vivo fertilisation of equine oocytes transferred into the oviduct of an inseminated mare predicted an influence of oviduct in equine fertilisation. Actually, in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated a role of the oviduct in equine fertilisation. Moreover, recent studies showed a beneficial effect of homologous and heterologous OEC on equine in vitro fertilisation, and some candidate molecules have been studied.

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Pavlok, A., M. Kubelka i J. Pěknicocá. "The effect of various capacitation active compounds and capacitation time on the in vitro fertility and protein tyrosine phosphorylation profiles of bovine sperm". Zygote 9, nr 1 (luty 2001): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199401001046.

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In this paper the effects of capacitation and fertilisation stimulating compounds (heparin, caffeine, glucose, D-penicillamine, bovine serum (BOS), bovine serum albumin (BSA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) were analysed in several in vitro fertilisation protocols. Attention was paid to the rate of penetrated oocytes, kinetics of penetration and to polyspermic fertilisation. Cryopreserved bovine sperm and in vitro matured bovine oocytes were used throughout all the fertilisation experiments. As detected in the first 8 h fertilisation experiment with non-incubated sperm, the supplementation of medium with heparin, BOS and glucose supported the fertilisation rate most effectively (100%), including the kinetics of pronuclei formation (52.4%). The absence of BOS resulted in a decreased fertilisation rate (62.7%) as well as a delay in pronuclei formation (13.6%), similar to that after substitution of heparin with caffeine (73.0% and 25.4%, respectively). The penetration rate in the control medium with BOS (without heparin and caffeine) was surprisingly high, especially in medium without glucose (62.2%). The positive effect of glucose on sperm penetration was observed mainly in a chemically defined medium with PVA. High polyspermy rates were observed throughout all experiments in the media containing heparin or caffeine and BOS as the macromolecular component. D-Penicillamine was not shown to be a fertilisation-stimulating molecule. However, as detected in the second experiment in which oocytes were fertilised with 5 h incubated sperm, its positive effect on the prolongation of a fertile life span of cryopreserved spermatozoa was significant. The presence of either caffeine or heparin in the fertilisation medium (FM) with BOS during sperm incubation induced tyrosine phosphorylation of an approximately 90 kDa protein, detected after 5 h of sperm incubation. The absence of BOS reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of this protein in fertilisation medium with heparin. The percentage of motile spermatozoa and those with intact acrosomes were monitored throughout all experiments.

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Chen, Yong, Chu Zhang, Xiao-feng Wang i Cheng-qi Ao. "Fertilisation of polar nuclei and formation of early endosperms in Dendrobium catenatum: evidence for the second fertilisation in Orchidaceae". Australian Journal of Botany 66, nr 4 (2018): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt17211.

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Whether the second fertilisation, i.e. fertilisation of polar nuclei, or fusion of the second sperm with polar nuclei occurs in Orchidaceae has long been controversial because of lack of evidence. In the present study, we observed fusion and fertilisation of polar nuclei and formation of early endosperms in the orchid Dendrobium catenatum Lindl., by using a resin-embedded section technique. As the product of the second fertilisation, the primary endosperm nucleus (fertilised polar nuclei) can last until the global embryo stage, indicating that initiation of endosperm development and that of embryo development were fully asynchronous. The present study demonstrated the occurrence of the second fertilisation in D. catenatum by providing lines of new evidence.

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Aurier, Philippe. "Marketing et fertilisation croisée". Recherche et Applications en Marketing (French Edition) 34, nr 3 (18.03.2019): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0767370119830851.

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Yovich, John, Simon Turner, Jeanne Yovich, Rogan Draper, Anne Jequier, Rohini Edirisinghe i James Cummins. "IN-VITRO FERTILISATION TODAY". Lancet 334, nr 8664 (wrzesień 1989): 688–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90941-0.

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Courtot, Anne-Marie, Arlette Pesty i Brigitte Lefèvre. "Calmodulin, gametes and fertilisation". Zygote 7, nr 2 (maj 1999): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199499000441.

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The role of calmodulin in fertilisation events was examined in a zona-free mouse system by using a selective calmodulin inhibitor, calmidazolium (1 μM). The effects of this antagonist were studied either on the ooplasmic calcium oscillations induced by fertilisation by using the Ca2+ indicator, fluo-3/AM, or on pronucleus formation 4 h later by using the nucleic acid stain, Syto-15. When the calmidazolium treatment was applied to one or the other gamete before insemination, the fertilisation process was affected only when spermatozoa were treated: most of the oocytes were partially fertilised as demonstrated by the profile of Ca2+ oscillations and the presence of polar bodies with no typical male and female pronuclei. When the treatment was applied during insemination, more than half the oocytes were unfertilised and only a few were partially fertilised. These results demonstrate that: (1) the calmodulin-dependent events taking place in spermatozoa before insemination appear essential at least for regular Ca2+ oscillations and for pronucleus formation; (2) the inhibition of calmodulin by calmidazolium applied to metaphase II oocytes before insemination has no major impact on their fertilising ability; and (3) at the time of gamete fusion calmodulin, either from the oocyte or from the spermatozoon, is essential for fertilisation to occur.

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Beck, L., i G. Freundl. "Zur In-vitro-Fertilisation". Der Gynäkologe 42, nr 4 (kwiecień 2009): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00129-008-2278-6.

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Toth, B., U. Pflaumer i T. Strowitzki. "Sicherere In-vitro-Fertilisation". Der Gynäkologe 44, nr 2 (luty 2011): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00129-010-2687-1.

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BONNEAU, M. "Fertilisation à la plantation". Revue Forestière Française, nr 3 (1986): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/25655.

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Abbès, C., A. Karam, L. E. Parent i D. Isfan. "Fertilisation soufrée du soja". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, nr 2 (1.04.1992): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-042.

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The effect of S (60, 120 and 240 kg ha−1) and N (45 and 90 kg ha−1) fertilization on the yield and quality of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill ’Maple Amber’), grown on a Kamouraska silty clay loam, was studied under greenhouse conditions, and in the field over a period of 2 yr. In the greenhouse, soybean (dry matter and pod weights) was responsive to N and S, and an excess of sulfate reduced P and K levels in the upper leaves. In the field, small or nonsignificant differences between fertilizer treatments were found for yield parameters in 1988 and 1989. However, as compared to the 45-kg ha−1 application rate, application of 90 kg N ha−1 decreased methionine concentration in the grain in 1989, when yield was low. Thus, excessive N reduced the nutritive value of soybean without affecting yield.Key words: Protein, oil, amino acids, nutritive value of soybean

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Carvalho, M�rio, i Gottlieb Basch. "Optimisation of nitrogen fertilisation". Fertilizer Research 43, nr 1-3 (1996): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00747691.

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Stępień, Wojciech, i Monika Kobiałka. "Effect of long-term organic and mineral fertilisation on selected physico-chemical soil properties in rye monoculture and five-year crop rotation". Soil Science Annual 70, nr 1 (1.03.2019): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2019-0004.

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Abstract The research was carried out continuously since 1923 in a permanent fertilisation experiment at the Experimental Station of SGGW in Skierniewice. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of long-term fertilisation (Ca, CaNPK, NPK) and crop rotation systems (rye monoculture without fertilisation with manure and five-field rotation with legume crop and manure fertilisation) on selected physical and chemical soil properties. Long-term fertilisation caused various degrees of change in many physio-chemical properties in three soil horizons (Ap, Eet, Bt): pH in KCl, cation exchange capacity, total exchangeable bases, base saturation, content of carbon, nitrogen and mineral forms of nitrogen (NO3, NH4) as well as the carbon-nitrogen ratio. The combined manure and mineral fertilisation increased the sorption capacity, total exchangeable bases, base cation saturation and total content of C and N in comparison to organic or mineral fertilisation. As a result of lime application, an increase in these parameters was determined with the exception of total contents of carbon and nitrogen, showing no differences or a decrease. A positive effect was confirmed in five-field crop rotation, which improves physicochemical soil properties in comparison to cereal monoculture. The C:N ratio narrows down with growing depth because more nitrogen than carbon migrates down the soil profile.

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Šimanský, Vladimír, Ján Horák, Otto Ložek i Juraj Chlpík. "How Fertilisation Affects Distribution Of Carbon And Nutrients In Vineyard Soil?" Agriculture (Polnohospodárstvo) 61, nr 2 (1.06.2015): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agri-2015-0012.

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Abstract The effect of fertilisation on C and N, P, K nutrients distribution in the Rendzic Leptosol in locality Nitra-Dražovce was studied. We evaluated the following treatments of fertilisation: (1) G (non-fertilised), (2) FYM (farmyard manure – dose 40 t/ha), (3) G+NPK3 (grass + 3rd intensity of fertilisation for vineyards), and (4) G+NPK1 (grass + 1st intensity of fertilisation for vineyards). The soil samples were taken in spring during the years 2008–2015. Obtained results showed that the content of organic carbon (Corg) decreased in the following order: G+NPK1 > FYM > G > G+NPK3 and content of total nitrogen (Nt) decreased in the following order: FYM > G+NPK3 > G+NPK1 > G. The application of NPK in the 1st intensity of fertilisation for vineyards and added FYM build up a Corg at an average rate of 370 and 229 mg/kg/year, respectively. On the other hand, contents of Nt due to fertilisation declined in FYM, G+NPK3 and G+NPK1 at an average rate of 53, 22 and 20 mg/kg/year, respectively. Available P and K contents were also increased after the fertilisation of FYM and NPK. Added fertilisers (G+NPK3) significantly build up a P at an average rate of 10.2 mg/kg/year.

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Wang, Haiyu, Zhe Gu, Junzeng Xu, Shuai Li, Zhiming Qi, Yawei Li i Jiaoyan Zhou. "Automatic variable rate fertilisation system for improved fertilisation uniformity in paddy fields". Biosystems Engineering 219 (lipiec 2022): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2022.04.021.

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Berecz, K., i I. Németh. "Effect and residual effect of N fertilisation on the N uptake of winter wheat in a long-term field experiment". Acta Agronomica Hungarica 50, nr 4 (1.12.2002): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.50.2002.4.5.

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In wheat production, N fertilisation is one of the most effective agro-technical devices to increase yield and N concentration. In Hungary, fertiliser use, particularly that of N, has dropped dramatically in the last decade. The aim of this experiment was to study the direct and residual effect of N fertilisation on the grain yield and N uptake of winter wheat after 30 years of intensive N fertilisation. A long-term fertilisation experiment was set up on brown forest soil (Eutric Cambisol) with medium N status at Keszthely (Hungary) in 1965. In 1995, the plots were halved. From that year on, half of the plots no longer received N fertiliser, while the other half of the plots was fertilised with increasing N doses. Two years after the treatment modification, no residual effect of long-term intensive N fertilisation (10.44 t N/30 years) could be detected. Under the investigated site conditions, the omission of yearly N fertilisation led to low wheat yields and low N concentrations both in the grains and in the vegetative organs above the uppermost internode.

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El Shourbagy, Shahinaz H., Emma C. Spikings, Mariana Freitas i Justin C. St John. "Mitochondria directly influence fertilisation outcome in the pig". Reproduction 131, nr 2 (luty 2006): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00551.

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The mitochondrion is explicitly involved in cytoplasmic regulation and is the cell’s major generator of ATP. Our aim was to determine whether mitochondria alone could influence fertilisation outcome. In vitro, oocyte competence can be assessed through the presence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) as indicated by the dye, brilliant cresyl blue (BCB). Using porcine in vitro fertilisation (IVF), we have assessed oocyte maturation, cytoplasmic volume, fertilisation outcome, mitochondrial number as determined by mtDNA copy number, and whether mitochondria are uniformly distributed between blastomeres of each embryo. After staining with BCB, we observed a significant difference in cytoplasmic volume between BCB positive (BCB+) and BCB negative (BCB−) oocytes. There was also a significant difference in mtDNA copy number between fertilised and unfertilised oocytes and unequal mitochondrial segregation between blastomeres during early cleavage stages. Furthermore, we have supplemented BCB− oocytes with mitochondria from maternal relatives and observed a significant difference in fertilisation outcomes following both IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) between supplemented, sham-injected and non-treated BCB− oocytes. We have therefore demonstrated a relationship between oocyte maturity, cytoplasmic volume, and fertilisation outcome and mitochondrial content. These data suggest that mitochondrial number is important for fertilisation outcome and embryonic development. Furthermore, a mitochondrial pre-fertilisation threshold may ensure that, as mitochondria are diluted out during post-fertilisation cleavage, there are sufficient copies of mtDNA per blastomere to allow transmission of mtDNA to each cell of the post-implantation embryo after the initiation of mtDNA replication during the early postimplantation stages.

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Bukvić, G., M. Antunović, S. Popović i M. Rastija. "Effect of P and Zn fertilization on biomass yield and its uptake by maize lines (Zea mays L.)". Plant, Soil and Environment 49, No. 11 (10.12.2011): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4185-pse.

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Three maize inbred lines (Os86-39, Os89-35 and Os87-24) were grown in pots with Eutric Cambisol using 9 fertilisation variants (control 10 kg/ha Zn – on soil surface; 5 kg/ha – foliar application; 61 kg/ha P; 61 kg/ha P and 10 kg/ha Zn – on soil surface; 61 kg/ha P and 5 kg/ha Zn – foliar application; 183 kg/ha P; 183 kg/ha P and 10 kg/ha Zn – on soil surface; 183 kg/ha P and 5 kg/ha Zn – foliar application). The effects of phosphorus and zinc fertilisation on the dry matter yield, plant height, stalk diameter as well as phosphorus and zinc concentrations in ear-leaves were investigated. Significant differences were found between the lines in all parameters investigated except for phosphorus concentration. Line Os87-24 was characterised by the best results in the total biomass production. Zinc fertilisation decreased while phosphorus fertilisation increased total plant dry matter mass. Phosphorus fertilisation increased its concentration in the ear-leaves. Zinc fertilisation, especially foliar, resulted in Zn concentration increase in the ear-leaf of the lines investigated.

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Liu, C., Y. Liu, K. Larsen, Y. P. Hou i H. Callesen. "Calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) is involved in porcine in vitro fertilisation and early embryo development". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, nr 2 (2018): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd16338.

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It has been demonstrated that extracellular calcium is necessary in fertilisation and embryo development but the mechanism is still not well understood. The present study mainly focussed on the extracellular calcium effector called the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) and examined its expression in porcine gametes and embryos and its function during fertilisation and early embryo development. By using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, CASR was found to be expressed in porcine oocytes, spermatozoa and embryos at different developmental stages. Functionally, medium supplementation with a CASR agonist or an antagonist during in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and in vitro culture (IVC) was tested. During fertilisation, the presence of a CASR agonist increased sperm penetration rate and decreased polyspermy rate leading to an increased normal fertilisation rate. During embryo development, for the IVF embryos, agonist treatment during IVC significantly increased cleavage rate and blastocyst formation rate compared with the control group. Furthermore, parthenogenetically activated embryos showed similar results with lower cleavage and blastocyst formation rates in the antagonist group than in the other groups. It was concluded that CASR, as the effector of extracellular calcium, modulates porcine fertilisation and early embryo development.

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Dodson, Erich K., David W. Peterson i Richy J. Harrod. "Impacts of erosion control treatments on native vegetation recovery after severe wildfire in the Eastern Cascades, USA". International Journal of Wildland Fire 19, nr 4 (2010): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf08194.

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Slope stabilisation treatments like mulching and seeding are used to increase soil cover and reduce runoff and erosion following severe wildfires, but may also retard native vegetation recovery. We evaluated the effects of seeding and fertilisation on the cover and richness of native and exotic plants and on individual plant species following the 2004 Pot Peak wildfire in Washington State, USA. We applied four seeding and three fertilisation treatments to experimental plots at eight burned sites in spring 2005 and surveyed vegetation during the first two growing seasons after fire. Seeding significantly reduced native non-seeded species richness and cover by the second year. Fertilisation increased native plant cover in both years, but did not affect plant species richness. Seeding and fertilisation significantly increased exotic cover, especially when applied in combination. However, exotic cover and richness were low and treatment effects were greatest in the first year. Seeding suppressed several native plant species, especially disturbance-adapted forbs. Fertilisation, in contrast, favoured several native understorey plant species but reduced tree regeneration. Seeding, even with native species, appears to interfere with the natural recovery of native vegetation whereas fertilisation increases total plant cover, primarily by facilitating native vegetation recovery.

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Babulicová, Mária, i Soňa Gavurníková. "The Influence Of Cereal Share In Crop Rotations On The Grain Yield And Quality Of Winter Wheat". Agriculture (Polnohospodárstvo) 61, nr 1 (1.03.2015): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agri-2015-0006.

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Abstract The aim of our study is to find out the influence of different share of cereals and various fertilisation on the grain yield and quality of winter wheat. The long-term field trial with 40, 60 and 80% share of the cereals and two levels of fertilisation (H1 mineral fertilisation + organic manure Veget®; H2 mineral fertilisation only) were carried out in the very warm and dry area of continental weather on luvi-haplic chernozem. In the years 2010–2013, the grain yield, the wet gluten content, gluten index, the falling number and sedimentation index of winter wheat according to Zeleny were investigated. The significantly higher grain yield of winter wheat was recorded after preceding crop of common pea. The yield of cereals in crop rotation with 60% share of cereals (7.00 t/ha) was significantly higher than in crop rotation with 80% share of cereals (6.78 t/ha).The statistically higher wet gluten content after pea fore-crop was found out when the mineral fertilisation and organic fertiliser Veget® were applied (33.4%) with comparison to the treatment with mineral fertilisation only (30.08%).

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PEYRAUD, J. L. "Fertilisation azotée des prairies et nutrition des vaches laitières. Conséquences sur les rejets d’azote". INRAE Productions Animales 13, nr 1 (18.02.2000): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2000.13.1.3769.

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La nouvelle réglementation européenne et la prise en compte des effets négatifs des systèmes de production intensifs sur l’environnement peuvent motiver une réduction de la fertilisation azotée des prairies. L’objectif de cette revue bibliographique est de quantifier les conséquences d’une plus faible fertilisation azotée des prairies sur la nutrition des vaches laitières.A même âge de repousses, la réduction de la fertilisation azotée tend à diminuer la digestibilité de la matière organique (MO) de 0,02 point, mais les sites de la digestion de cette MO et leur part respective ne sont pas modifiés. Malgré une teneur en matières azotées totales (MAT) plus faible sur prairies peu fertilisées, la quantité d’azote non ammoniacal entrant dans l’intestin n’est diminuée que de 5 % environ. En effet, l’efficacité des synthèses microbiennes n’est pas affectée par la réduction de fertilisation azotée tandis que la dégradation ruminale des protéines est un peu diminuée. La réduction de la fertilisation azotée peut donc réduire la valeur énergétique de 0,02 à 0,04 UFL/kg MS et la valeur PDIE de 5 à 12 g/kg MS. Cet effet modéré peut être attribué au fait que la réduction de la teneur en MAT est compensée par un accroissement proportionnel de la teneur en sucres solubles, totalement digestibles et qui constituent une source d’énergie disponible pour la protéosynthèse ruminale. En revanche, la teneur en parois végétales n’est pas modifiée par la fertilisation azotée. En moyenne, la fertilisation azotée n’a pas d’effet sur les quantités de MS volontairement ingérées par l’animal à l’auge. Mais, au pâturage, l’ingestion peut être limitée si la réduction de fertilisation altère la préhensibilité de l’herbe du fait d’une réduction importante de la biomasse de feuilles vertes par hectare. La réduction de la fertilisation azotée des prairies est un moyen efficace pour réduire les rejets azotés des vaches laitières. Les conséquences possibles sur la nutrition des vaches laitières sont finalement discutées.

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Ferré, Luis B., Yanina Bogliotti, James L. Chitwood, Cristóbal Fresno, Hugo H. Ortega, Michael E. Kjelland i Pablo J. Ross. "Effect of spermatozoa motility hyperactivation factors and gamete coincubation duration on in vitro bovine embryo development using flow cytometrically sorted spermatozoa". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, nr 4 (2017): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd15289.

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of sperm motility enhancers and different IVF times on cleavage, polyspermy, blastocyst formation, embryo quality and hatching ability. In Experiment 1, sex-sorted X chromosome-bearing Bos taurus spermatozoa were incubated for 30 min before 18 h fertilisation with hyperactivating factors, namely 10 mM caffeine (CA), 5 mM theophylline (TH), 10 mM caffeine and 5 mM theophylline (CA + TH); and untreated spermatozoa (control). In Experiment 2, matured B. taurus oocytes were fertilised using a short (8 h) or standard (18 h) fertilisation length, comparing two different fertilisation media, namely synthetic oviducal fluid (SOF) fertilisation medium (SOF-FERT) and M199 fertilisation medium (M199-FERT). Cleavage and blastocyst formation rates were significantly higher in the CA + TH group (77% and 27%, respectively) compared with the control group (71% and 21%, respectively). Cleavage rates and blastocyst formation were significantly lower for the shortest fertilisation time (8 h) in M199-FERT medium (42% and 12%, respectively). The SOF-FERT medium with an 8 h fertilisation time resulted in the highest cleavage rates and blastocyst formation (74% and 29%, respectively). The SOF-FERT medium produced the highest embryo quality (50% Grade 1) and hatching rate (66%). Motility enhancers did not affect polyspermy rates, whereas polyspermy was affected when fertilisation length was extended from 8 h (3%) to 18 h (9%) and in M199-FERT (14%) compared with SOF-FERT (6%). We conclude that adding the motility enhancers CA and TH to sex sorted spermatozoa and Tyrode’s albumin lactate pyruvate (TALP)-Sperm can improve cleavage and embryo development rates without increasing polyspermy. In addition, shortening the oocyte–sperm coincubation time (8 h) resulted in similar overall embryo performance rates compared with the prolonged (18 h) interval.

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Wilding, Martin, Marcella Marino i Daniela Dale. "Nicotinamide alters the calcium release pattern and the degradation of MPF activity after fertilisation in ascidian oocytes". Zygote 7, nr 3 (sierpień 1999): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199499000647.

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Fertilisation in ascidian oocytes triggers a plasma membrane current, the release of intracellular calcium and the degradation of Maturation Promoting Factor (MPF) activity leading to the completion of meiosis and the initiation of embryo development. We have previously shown that the fertilisation current in ascidians is produced through the metabolism of nicotinamide nucleotide (NN) metabolites to ADP ribose. In this study we have used nicotinamide to test whether NN metabolism plays additional roles in fertilisation in ascidians. Nicotinamide treatment blocked calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) and arrested the cell cycle prior to the completion of meiosis I. Nicotinamide further prevented the abolition of MPF activity after fertilisation. Interestingly, nicotinamide treatment caused ascidian oocytes to form interphase-like pronuclei after fertilisation, despite the high MPF activity. The data demonstrate that NN metabolism is involved in calcium signalling through CICR and further suggest that a NN metabolite acts as a messenger connecting MPF activity to the formation of the meiotic apparatus.

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Gołąb-Bogacz, Izabela, Waldemar Helios, Andrzej Kotecki, Marcin Kozak i Anna Jama-Rodzeńska. "Content and Uptake of Ash and Selected Nutrients (K, Ca, S) with Biomass of Miscanthus × giganteus Depending on Nitrogen Fertilization". Agriculture 11, nr 1 (18.01.2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010076.

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Fertilisation has a significant impact not only on the yielding, but also on the quality of the harvested biomass. Among energy crops, Miscanthus × giganteus are some of the most important plants used for combustion process. The chemical composition of biomass has significant impact on the quality of combustion biomass. The effect of nitrogen fertilisation (with dose of 60 kg N ha−1) in different terms of biomass sampling on the content and uptake of crude ash, potassium, calcium and sulphur by rhizomes, stems, leaves and the aboveground part of miscanthus was evaluated in the paper. Nitrogen fertilisation contributed to the increase of ash content in the rhizomes and the aboveground part of plants. Independently of nitrogen fertilisation potassium content decreased in the whole vegetation period; in the case of stems this decrease amounted 60%. Calcium content in various parts of plants was highly differentiated compared to potassium content. Average calcium content in the aboveground parts was 2.68 higher compared to rhizomes. Nitrogen fertilisation affected significantly on potassium, calcium and sulphur uptake in all examined parts of plants (except stems in the case of calcium uptake). Uptake of crude ash under nitrogen fertilisation was significantly higher in all examined parts of plants during the whole vegetation period.

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Vitali, Rayanne, Sarah E. Chadburn, Frida Keuper, Anna B. Harper i Eleanor J. Burke. "Simulating Increased Permafrost Peatland Plant Productivity in Response to Belowground Fertilisation Using the JULES Land Surface Model". Nitrogen 3, nr 2 (5.05.2022): 260–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen3020018.

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Several experimental studies have shown that climate-warming-induced permafrost thaw releases previously unavailable nitrogen which can lower nitrogen limitation, increase plant productivity, and counteract some of the carbon released from thawing permafrost. The net effect of this belowground fertilisation effect remains debated and is yet to be included in Earth System models. Here, we included the impact of thaw-related nitrogen fertilisation on vegetation in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) land surface model for the first time. We evaluated its ability to replicate a three-year belowground fertilisation experiment in which JULES was generally able to simulate belowground fertilisation in accordance with the observations. We also ran simulations under future climate to investigate how belowground nitrogen fertilisation affects the carbon cycle. These simulations indicate an increase in plant-available inorganic nitrogen at the thaw front by the end of the century with only the productivity of deep-rooting plants increasing in response. This suggests that deep-rooting species will have a competitive advantage under future climate warming. Our results also illustrate the capacity to simulate belowground nitrogen fertilisation at the thaw front in a global land surface model, leading towards a more complete representation of coupled carbon and nitrogen dynamics in the northern high latitudes.

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Horta, Carmo, i João Paulo Carneiro. "Use of Digestate as Organic Amendment and Source of Nitrogen to Vegetable Crops". Applied Sciences 12, nr 1 (27.12.2021): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010248.

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Anaerobic digestion is a valuable process to use livestock effluents to produce green energy and a by-product called digestate with fertilising value. This work aimed at evaluating the fertilising value of the solid fraction (SF) of a digestate as an organic amendment and as a source of nitrogen to crops replacing mineral N. A field experiment was done with two consecutive vegetable crops. The treatments were: a control without fertilisation; Ni85 mineral fertilisation with 85 kg ha−1 of mineral N; fertiliser with digestate at an increasing nitrogen application rate (kg N ha−1): DG-N85 DG-N170, DG-N170+85, DG-N170+170; fertilisation with digestate together with Ni: DG-N85+Ni60, DG-N170+Ni60, DG-N170+Ni25. The results showed a soil organic amendment effect of the SF with a beneficial effect on SOM, soil pH and exchangeable bases. The SF was able to replace part of the mineral N fertilisation. The low mineralisation of the stable organic matter together with some immobilisation of mineral N from SF caused low N availability. The fertilisation planning should consider the SF ratio between the organic N (NO) and total N (TKN). Low NO:TKN ratios (≈0.65) needed lower Ni addition to maintaining the biomass production similar to the mineral fertilisation.

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Ferré, Luis B., Yanina Bogliotti, James L. Chitwood, Cristóbal Fresno, Hugo H. Ortega, Michael E. Kjelland i Pablo J. Ross. "Comparison of different fertilisation media for an in vitro maturation–fertilisation–culture system using flow-cytometrically sorted X chromosome-bearing spermatozoa for bovine embryo production". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, nr 11 (2016): 1695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd15019.

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High demand exists among commercial cattle producers for in vitro-derived bovine embryos fertilised with female sex-sorted spermatozoa from high-value breeding stock. The aim of this study was to evaluate three fertilisation media, namely M199, synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) and Tyrode’s albumin–lactate–pyruvate (TALP), on IVF performance using female sex-sorted spermatozoa. In all, 1143, 1220 and 1041 cumulus–oocyte complexes were fertilised in M199, SOF and TALP, respectively. There were significant differences among fertilisation media (P < 0.05) in cleavage rate (M199 = 57%, SOF = 71% and TALP = 72%), blastocyst formation (M199 = 9%, SOF = 20% and TALP = 19%), proportion of Grade 1 blastocysts (M199 = 15%, SOF = 52% and TALP = 51%), proportion of Grade 3 blastocysts (M199 = 58%, SOF = 21% and TALP = 20%) and hatching rates (M199 = 29%, SOF = 60% and TALP = 65%). The inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cells of Day 7 blastocysts were also affected by the fertilisation medium. Embryos derived from SOF and TALP fertilisation media had higher numbers of ICM, TE and total cells than those fertilised in M199. In conclusion, fertilisation media affected cleavage rate, as well as subsequent embryo development, quality and hatching ability. SOF and TALP fertilisation media produced significantly more embryos of higher quality than M199.

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Babulicová, Mária, i Boryana Dyulgerova. "Winter Barley Production in Relation to Crop Rotations, Fertilisation and Weather Conditions". Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo) 64, nr 1 (1.04.2018): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agri-2018-0004.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of crop rotations, fertilisation and weather conditions on the grain yield and yield components of winter barley. Long-term field experiment was situated in the area of continental climate. There were the crop rotations with 40%, 60% and 80% share of the cereals. Two treatments of fertilisation were applied: H1 and H2. In the first treatment (H1), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in mineral fertilisers + organic manure Veget® were applied. In the second treatment (H2), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were applied in fertilisers only. Winter barley cultivar Barcelona was grown in years 2010-2015. The number of spikes per 1 m2, proportion of grains over sieve 2.5 + 2.8 mm and grain yield of winter barley were statistically significantly influenced by fertilisation. In the variant H1 (mineral fertilisation with addition of organic manure Veget®), the statistically higher (P ≤ 0.05) grain yield was obtained (5.71 t/ha) than in the treatment with mineral fertilisation only (5.30 t/ha). In the year 2011, which was very unfavourable for winter barley development, the grain yield in the treatment with mineral fertilisation with the addition of organic manure Veget® was by 1.23 t/ha (32.1%) higher than that in treatment with mineral fertilisa tion only.

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