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Vu, Thi huyen. "Synthesis and Development New 8-Hydroxyquinoline Derivatives for the Treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=4392&f=28906.
Pełny tekst źródłaChlamydia trachomatis, a Gram-negative bacterium, is responsible for both the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the world and trachoma, an important cause of blindness worldwide. No vaccine is available but antibiotics (azithromycine, doxycycline) are recommended by the World Health Organization. However, treatment failure is reported 10-20% of patients and probably results from a lack of sensitivity of persistent forms of bacteria and modest intracellular concentrations of the conventionally prescribed drugs. For this reasons, the aim of my thesis was to propose new tools to fight C. trachomatis infection such as novel 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives active against this bacterium.In the first part, I synthesised new compounds and evaluated their anti-chlamydia activity as well as their iron-chelating properties. Compound 1 results from the coupling of 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid and Ciprofloxacin (Cip), a commercially available antibiotic. We wanted to obtain more active derivatives than the parent antibiotic through its metal-chelating properties and its antibiotic effect. Compound 1 presents a higher antichlamydia activity than Cip but this antibacterial effect seems not be linked to its iron-chelating properties. Modifying physicochemical parameters such as lipophilicity, we synthesized several derivatives. We also prepared a folic acid conjugate to enable its delivery to the infected cells through folic acid receptor. All compounds are more potent than Ciprofloxacin, one of them reaching nanomolar potency against C. trachomatis.In the second part, I studied the influence of the carbonyl position on the iron-chelating properties of the 8-hydroxyquinoline heterocycle. For this purpose, we performed a mixed experimental (organic synthesis, spectrophotometry and isothermal titration calorimetry) and theoretical (density-functional theory) study. Two 8-hydroxyquinoline ester-derivatives, at 2-position and 7-position, were synthesized and the corresponding iron-complexes were investigated. We demonstrated that according to the position of the withdrawing group on the heterocyclic skeleton, the steric hindrance can destabilize the iron(III) complex by forcing it to adopt a distorted structure far from the ideal octahedral environment.In the last part, I synthesized and characterized Carbon dots (CDs) from folic acid and Ciprofloxacin as new nano-tools to target the infected cells and inhibit the bacterial growth. Both populations of CDs have a 4-5 nm size, emit in blue light and present an excitation-independent fluorescent behaviour. These nanoparticles are actually under biological investigation
Debeljak, Pavla. "The coupling of carbon and iron cycles in the Southern Ocean through microbial metabolism". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS194.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Southern Ocean is known as a High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll (HNLC) region where major nutrients are present at high concentrations, but phytoplankton biomass remains low. This paradoxical situation is due to iron (Fe) limitation of phytoplankton growth. The increase in phytoplankton biomass in response to Fe input and the consequently higher uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) were demonstrated in several artificial fertilization experiments and in naturally fertilized regions of the Southern Ocean. However, the impact of Fe on marine prokaryotes, key players in the marine carbon cycle, remains poorly understood. In addition to Fe, concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are low in surface waters of the Southern Ocean, leading to a double constraint of microbial heterotrophic activity and growth. To better understand the role of different prokaryotic taxa in the Fe- and C-cycles, several aspects were considered in the present thesis. The results presented in this thesis provide novel insights on the link between diverse microbial taxa and their role in the Fe- and C-cycling in the Southern Ocean
Giannuzzi, Federico. "Importanza dei PAES nei bandi SMART CITIES verso le SMART ANCIENT CITIES". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaBorges, Gomes Lima Yuri. "Μοdélisatiοn atοmistique de la transfοrmatiοn de phase austénite-ferrite dans les aciers". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR086.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis applies the Quasiparticle Approach (QA) to investigate the atomic scale mechanisms driving the phase transformation from FCC to BCC structures in iron. Initially, the study focuses on pure iron, providing detailed results into the nature and role of dislocations, at the FCC-BCC interface. It was shown that the FCC-BCC interface is semi-coherent and stepped, with two sets of transformations dislocations at the interface. The QA framework reveals how each orientation relationship (OR) influences the interface characteristics. Although the ORs displayed different interface structures, all were ultimately found to follow the same atomic transformation path, driven by the glide of transformation dislocations at the interface. It was concluded that the complete FCC to BCC phase transformation involves the action of the Kurdjumov-Sachs (KS) transformation mechanism in two variants along the two sets of dislocations, with the Kurdjumov-Sachs-Nishiyama (KSN) mechanism emerging as the average of the two KS mechanisms. This detailed description served as a basis for the study of Fe-C systems, where carbon segregation at the interface was observed. Moreover, it was shown that the carbon concentration profiles were consistent with local equilibrium conditions at the interface
Pu, Xiaoxue. "Thermomechanical study of the gigacycle fatigue behavior of pure iron and carbon-manganese steels : influence of chemical composition and microstructure on damage and crack initiation mechanism". Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100051.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work attempts to a better understanding of the fatigue damage in ferrite-pearlite steels in the Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) domain. The influences of two parameters, pearlite phase percentage and free interstitial atoms percentage in solid solution, are investigated to understand dissipative mechanisms under 20 kHz high frequency fatigue loading. In-situ infrared thermography is carried out to record the temperature changes, while fractography studies and microscope observations are conducted to investigate the dissipative mechanism on the surface of specimens.For body centered cubic (BCC) materials, under high stress amplitudes, a sudden increase of the temperature occurs without a crack initiation and fracture. The inevitable temperature increase up to hundreds of degrees at high stress amplitudes, is caused mainly by the screw dislocations mobility, which is the key to explaining the observed fatigue behavior and thermal response of BCC structure under high frequency loading. Therefore, PSBs on surface and micro-voids in matrix emerge massively, accompanying with this abrupt temperature increase. These phenomena are considered as transition of deformation mechanism from thermal regime to athermal regime. At low amplitudes, few PSBs or surface roughness are still observed on the specimen surface. Through the cycles of PSB appearance on armco-iron, it’s found that PSBs are inclined to appear before 1x10(7)cycles, and PSB threshold lies below the conventional fatigue limit. The increase of pearlite phase content weakens the temperature elevation, and strengthens the fatigue properties. The presence of free interstitial atoms in steels results in appearence of a secondary temperature increase in the stabilized temperature part (100-200 degree). This behavior seems to be related to the interaction of edge dislocations with free interstitial atoms. Moreover, the remarkable hardening-softening-hardening phenomenon after the sudden temperature elevation to above 300 degree is thought as the interaction of multiplicated screw dislocations and free interstitial atoms
Liu, Xiao Jie. "Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and carbon based nanohybrid materials for biomedical and energy application". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF055/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis was focused on the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide and cobalt oxide and core-shell nanoparticles, consisting of a cobalt oxide coated iron oxide and on the development of composite nanomaterials - nanostructures carbon /metal oxide nanoparticles - for applications in the biomedical field and the energy. For the synthesis of NPs, the shape and size of NPs are dependent of the reaction conditions, which further affect their magnetic properties. Meanwhile, simulation showed that stearate chains can desorb more easily from iron atoms and release to form seeds than from cobalt atoms, which might explain distinctive behavior between the bath complexes. Regarding nanostructures carbon/metal oxide nanoparticles hybrid materials, the properties of the filled magnetic CNTs as heat mediator for photothermal ablation and as contrast agent for MRI were then evaluated and promising results have been obtained. Last, new composite materials (Nb205 nanoparticles/graphene or NTCs) were synthesized and promising results were obtaines in lithium battery tests : their use as anode allowed obtaining reversible capacities of 260 mAh/g
Aguiar, Veiga Roberto Gomes de. "Computational insights into the strain aging phenomenon in bcc iron at the atomic scale". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0084/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaStatic strain aging is an important concept in metalurgy that refers to the hardening of a material that has undergone plastic deformation and then is aged for a certain period of time. A theory proposed in the late 1940s by Cottrell and Bilby explains this phenomenon as being caused by the pinning of dislocations by impurities (e.g., carbon atoms in solid solution) that migrate to the vicinity of the line defect. In the course of this PhD work, the atomistic mechanism behind the static strain aging phenomenon in bcc iron has been studied by means of computer simulations. Given the fact that diffusion in the solid state proceeds slowly, thus preventing the use of molecular dynamics at low temperatures (when the effect of the dislocation stress field on carbon diffusion is more pronounced), we have preferentially employed a method coupling molecular statics with atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo. Three major points have been addressed by this thesis: (i) the effect of the stress field of an edge or screw dislocation on a carbon atom diffusing nearby; (ii) the diffusion of a carbon atom in the tight channel found in the dislocation core (pipe diffusion); and (iii) the equilibrium carbon distribution in a Cottrell atmosphere. The main effect of the dislocation stress field outside the dislocation core consists of biasing carbon diffusion, such that some transitions become more likely than others. This effect is expected to drive the early stages of Cottrell atmosphere formation, when the mutual interaction between carbon atoms is negligible. Right in the dislocation core, as expected, carbon was seen to diffuse faster than in the bulk. Carbon concentration in the neighborhood of an edge or a screw dislocation was modeled by an approach based in statistical physics using the binding energies calculated by molecular statics, revealing a good agreement with experimental data obtained by atom probe techniques
Oleinikova, Olga. "Dégradation photochimique et biodégradation des colloïdes organiques dans les eaux de surface boréales". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30014/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component of natural waters, determining the form of elements and the emission of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4), as well as affecting water biodiversity. A feature of boreal waters, and in particular the study area waters (North. Karelia, Russia), is high concentration of Fe (III), associated with DOM in low-molecular complexes and in high-molecular organo-ferric colloids, which act as the main carriers of metallic trace elements in the most typical hydrological continuum soil - bog - river - lake. The transformation of organo-ferric colloids occurs under the influence of two main factors: bacterial and photochemical degradation. The present study is devoted to the analysis of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and trace elements (TE) behavior in surface waters of the boreal zone under the influence of the heterotrophic bacteria metabolic activity and photolytic oxidation of DOM under sunlight exposure. For the purpose of experiments there were used substrates with predominate allochthonous DOM of humic nature, including peat leachate, pine crown throughfall, fen, humic lake, stream, river and oligotrophic lake. An experiment carried out in laboratory conditions using monocultures of heterotrophic aerobic bacteria Pseudomonas aureofaciens and Pseudomonas saponiphila (isolated on the territory of Karelia) allowed to establish that allochthonous DOM of the boreal zone reservoirs possesses high resistance to the activity of the explored bacteria. The rate of bacterial mineralization of DOC was observed in range from 0 to 4.3 mgC L-1day-1, depending on the substrate, and the low molecular weight fraction (<1 kDa) of DOM was found to be more prone to destruction than high molecular weight (from 1 kDa to 0.22 µm). The interaction of bacteria with various aqueous substrates showed a significant predominance of short-term (< 1 h) adsorption on the cell surface for a wide range of elements (Al, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Cd, REE, U) over a long term (1 h - 96 h) intracellular uptake of metals and extracellular coprecipitation of elements with Fe and Al hydroxides. Among different substrates, there was an increase in the adsorption with the increase of DOC/Fe ratio in solution, which can be linked to a competition between Fe and metal cations for anionic adsorption sites on cell surface. The long-term removal of dissolved metals did not show any link to pH, DOC, and Fe concentration
Coufourier, Sebastien. "Valorisation des Dérivés Carboniques par hydrogénation : un challenge vers le développement de procédés éco-compatibles". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC230.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe use of carbon dioxide as a source of carbon C1 to produce chemical platforms or as a fuel source constitute an alternative to petrochemicals and could allow its recycling. Currently, the main described processes for the recycling and the valorization of CO2 are using reducing agents in stoichiometric amounts (which generates waste) or noble metals (limited availability, toxicity and high costs). In this environmental and economical race, one of the challenges of modern chemistry is the preparation of new organometallic iron complexes and their use in catalysis. Based on our expertise in the field of synthesis, catalysis and development of organometallic complexes, this work proposes to develop new fast, efficient, selective and eco-compatible methodologies for the reduction of carbon dioxide and carbonates by hydrogenation with bifunctional iron complexes
Lassègue, Pierre. "Oxydation en lit fluidisé et dépôt de métaux par CVD en lit fluidisé sur nanotubes de carbone multi-parois - Application à l'industrie aéronautique". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0132.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis Ph.D project is part of the development of new composite multi-functional materials allowing replacing aluminum in the on-board electronic packaging of airplanes, to make them lighter. The combination of a polymer mechanically resistant with conductive nano-fillers is a promising alternative. The thesis concerns the study of the Fluidized Bed Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) process of conductive metals, such as iron and copper, on the surface of industrial multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, Arkema Graphistrength®C100) tangled in porous balls of 388 μm in diameter. First, in order to increase the surface reactivity of nanotubes, an oxidation process in fluidized bed has been studied at room temperature, from several gaseous mixtures containing ozone. The various analyses (TEM, IR spectroscopy, XPS, …) show that hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, ether, … chemical bonds are grafted uniformly on all the outer surface of MWCNTs and that their outer walls are locally and moderately etched. At the end, it appears that the created defects and the oxygen containing bonds have allowed to increase the number of nucleation sites on the nanotubes surface and then the weight of the deposited metal. The iron deposit from ferrocene Fe(C5H5)2 has been studied at high temperature (between 400 and 650°C) under different gaseous atmospheres (nitrogen, hydrogen, air, water vapor). The analyses (FEG SEM, XRD, TEM, ICP-MS, ...) show a uniform deposit from the outer part to the center of the balls, of nanoparticles containing iron carbide Fe3C. The presence of hydrogen has allowed minimizing the parasitic formation of nano-objects (tubes and fibers). The copper deposition from copper (II) acetylacetonate Cu(C5H7O2)2 has been studied at 250-280°C under hydrogen. The characterizations indicate that nanoparticles of pure copper have been deposited on all the MWCNT outer walls, from the outer part to the center of the balls. The whole results obtained prove that the Fluidized Bed CVD process is able to deposit uniformly metals on the outer surface of MWCNTs tangled in porous balls, for specifically chosen operating conditions
Agrizzi, Ronqueti Larissa. "Study of grain boundary oxidation of high alloyed carbon steels at coiling temperature". Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. https://bibliotheque.utc.fr/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/2018COMP2405.
Pełny tekst źródłaAdvanced high-strength steels (AHSS) have been widely used in automotive industry to improve safety and fuel economy. In order to reach the mechanical properties targets, these new steels are composed by much higher alloy contents (e.g. silicon and manganese) than usual steels. As consequence, the AHSS may suffer of selective internal oxidation during the cooling of hot coil. The selective internal oxidation, especially the grain boundary oxidation (GBO), is currently one of the main obstacles to the production of these steels. It reduces the number of cycles before fatigue failure and thus, makes it difficult to reach the specifications of the customer. Therefore, this PhD work was focused on the effect of several parameters on selective internal oxidation behavior. Among them, the impact of decarburization, the influence of coiling temperature and the mill scale, the effect of different silicon and/or manganese contents and their diffusion behavior. Moreover, the impact of grain boundary misorientation on grain boundary oxidation was also investigated. Either binary/ternary iron-based model alloys as well as industrial steels were investigated by a large set of experimental techniques. This analysis showed a stable decarburization for all investigated samples that does not impact the selective internal oxidation for long exposure time in isothermal conditions. The GBO depths were examined according to the different test configurations and were found dependent for some cases on silicon or manganese content. For some of them, different silicon diffusion behaviors were identified with regards to grain boundary oxidation depending on temperatures. Considering some restrictive hypotheses, the application of Wagner’s theory of selective internal oxidation allowed determining the grain boundary diffusion coefficient of oxygen. To overcome some limitations of Wagner’s model, a model of selective oxidation has been applied to understand the effect of different parameters on the penetration of oxygen inside the metal and principally on the grain boundary depth affected by selective oxidation. The knowledge acquired from this PhD work will help to understand and limit the selective internal oxidation (mainly GBO) in new steels with complex alloy compositions. Furthermore, the results may be used to assess a model of selective oxidation
Taimoor, Aqeel Ahmad. "Biogas valorization for chemical industries via catalytic process". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10243/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaHydrogen potential from biomass is currently being studied but ways of valorization of such biogas (H2/CO2 mix) via catalytic reaction, other than simply burning has not yet been considered. Thus the main objective of this work is the exploration of such methods. Effect of CO2 over catalytic system was not well known and only hydrogen dissociation inhibition is reported. Toluene hydrogenation over Pt catalyst is studied and activity loss transition behavior is observed with no CO2 where as complete catalyst inactivity for toluene hydrogenation is found in presence of CO2. Catalyst surface change by CO2 is quantified by DRIFT analysis and two-site mechanism is found to prevail. Reverse water gas shift reaction producing CO is found to be the main cause behind such catalyst surface response to CO2. Adsorption competition between CO and carboxylic acids is exploited for selectivity shift in favor of acids conversion. Alumina support is fouled by carbonates complexes with CO2 while silica is reported to promote decomposition, thus both were rejected and titanium oxide is used instead with a range of products produced. The required selectivity shift between reverse water gas shift and acid conversion is thus observed. Less active iron oxide catalyst further suppresses CO2 conversion. Iron oxide surface chemistry plays an important role over product selectivity among ketones and aldehydes. Two sites mechanism still prevails over iron and stable continuous operation requires simultaneous iron reduction via hydrogen, if totally oxidized by CO2–a reaction product, will cease to produce ketones. Energetically the process devised for acetone production is self sufficient and acetone not only act as an energy storage molecule but can also compensate new phenol production process producing no acetone
Smith, Adrien. "Activation and reduction of CO2 by metalloporphyrin-based molecular catalysts". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF039.
Pełny tekst źródłaTransforming CO₂ into valuable reduced forms of carbon is an interesting approach towards the recycling of this greenhouse gas, by introducing non-fossil fuel based C1 building blocks back into the carbon cycle. Tetraphenyl iron porphyrins and derivatives have been shown to be efficient and selective molecular catalysts for CO₂ reduction to CO. The introduction of various functions in the second coordination sphere of porphyrins showed great improvements of both the overpotential and the catalytic rates.Inspired by the distal pocket of enzymatic active centers, an iron porphyrin with a carboxylate strap is investigated. Electrochemical, kinetic and computational chemistry studies show that this catalyst operates at a low overpotential, while maintaining high catalytic rates. It is proposed that the carboxylate function, initially acting as an axial ligand of the metal, plays an important role in the insertion and transformation of CO₂, in synergy with a water molecule trapped in the superstructure.Furthermore, two iron porphyrins were synthetized bearing an imidazolium group at various positions with respect to the metal center. The original goal of this study was to establish a correlation between the distance of the cationic group from the metal center and the catalytic performances of the catalyst, which can guide the design of new catalysts for CO₂ reduction.The electrochemical study of these catalysts revealed that these imidazolium functions can be electroactive. Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to describe their various reduced forms. These studies revealed and describe the potential electroactive behavior of the imidazolium groups on these novel iron porphyrins catalysts
Gu, Bang. "Design of metal catalysts for carbon monoxide hydrogenation with high activity, selectivity and stability". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R020/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis is one of the most practicable routes to convert non-petroleum carbon resources, such as coal, biomass, natural gas and shale gas, via syngas into valuable fuels and chemicals. This reaction follows surface polymerization mechanism and the primary products follows the Ander-Schulz-Flory (ASF) distribution. It’s a big challenge to improve the target products selectivity. Apart from the selectivity, catalyst deactivation also restricts the wide application in FT synthesis. The effect of the promotion with bismuth and lead on direct synthesis of light olefins from syngas over carbon nanotube supported iron catalysts was investigated in Chapter 3. Compared to the un-promoted iron catalysts, a twice higher Fischer-Tropsch reaction rate and higher selectivity to light olefins were obtained. This promotion effect is more significant under atmospheric pressure with 2-4 times higher activity while the selectivity of light olefins reaches as high as ~60 %. Remarkable migration of promoters during the catalyst activation and decoration of the iron carbide nanoparticles were uncovered by characterization. Moreover, in Chapter 4 we uncovered using a wide range of ex-situ and in-situ techniques several major synergetic effects arising from the iron nanoconfinement and promotion with bismuth and lead on catalytic performance of FT synthesis resulting in light olefins. Iron nanoconfinement inside carbon nanotubes combined with the promotion with Bi or Pb result in a 10-fold higher yield of light olefins. Nanoconfinement in carbon nanotubes mostly leads to better iron dispersion and stability, while intrinsic activity is only slightly affected. Promotion with Bi and Pb results in a major increase in the site intrinsic activity (TOF) in both confined and non-confined catalysts. Over the optimized promoted and confined catalysts, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis occurs under atmospheric pressure with high conversion and enhanced selectivity to light olefins with lower degree of sintering.Apart from the confinement effect, we also study the particle size effect in the confined system for syngas conversion to light olefins over both promoted and unpromoted iron catalysts in Chapter 5. The TOF increases with increasing in the iron nanoparticles sizes from 2.5 to 12 nm over the carbon nanotubes containing encapsulated monometallic or Bi- or Pb-promoted iron nanoparticles. The iron particles size of unpromoted catalysts encapsulated in carbon nanotubes does not show any noticeable effect on the light olefin selectivity, while in the Bi- and Pb-promoted catalysts, the light olefin selectivity was higher over smaller encapsulated iron nanoparticles and decreased with the increase in the nanoparticle size.In Chapter 6, we introduced a new approach for the synthesis of linear α-olefins during low temperature FT synthesis over the Co based catalysts. We found that the co-feeding carboxylic acids leads to a shift of selectivity from paraffins to α-olefins which has been assigned to stabilization of olefins by intermediate formation of esters. The α-olefins selectivity is as high as 39 % in the presence of acids.In the end, we propose a new strategy, which substantially improves the stability of Co and Ni catalysts for CO hydrogenation via their promotion with bismuth. The promoted catalysts demonstrated exceptionally stable performance. The conducted experiments uncovered continuous catalyst self-regeneration during the reaction via oxidation of deposed carbon by oxygen scavenged after CO dissociation at the interface of metal nanoparticles and bismuth promoter. Formation of the bismuth-protecting layer over metal nanoparticles protects them against sintering
Gu, Bang. "Design of metal catalysts for carbon monoxide hydrogenation with high activity, selectivity and stability". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUR020.
Pełny tekst źródłaFischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis is one of the most practicable routes to convert non-petroleum carbon resources, such as coal, biomass, natural gas and shale gas, via syngas into valuable fuels and chemicals. This reaction follows surface polymerization mechanism and the primary products follows the Ander-Schulz-Flory (ASF) distribution. It’s a big challenge to improve the target products selectivity. Apart from the selectivity, catalyst deactivation also restricts the wide application in FT synthesis. The effect of the promotion with bismuth and lead on direct synthesis of light olefins from syngas over carbon nanotube supported iron catalysts was investigated in Chapter 3. Compared to the un-promoted iron catalysts, a twice higher Fischer-Tropsch reaction rate and higher selectivity to light olefins were obtained. This promotion effect is more significant under atmospheric pressure with 2-4 times higher activity while the selectivity of light olefins reaches as high as ~60 %. Remarkable migration of promoters during the catalyst activation and decoration of the iron carbide nanoparticles were uncovered by characterization. Moreover, in Chapter 4 we uncovered using a wide range of ex-situ and in-situ techniques several major synergetic effects arising from the iron nanoconfinement and promotion with bismuth and lead on catalytic performance of FT synthesis resulting in light olefins. Iron nanoconfinement inside carbon nanotubes combined with the promotion with Bi or Pb result in a 10-fold higher yield of light olefins. Nanoconfinement in carbon nanotubes mostly leads to better iron dispersion and stability, while intrinsic activity is only slightly affected. Promotion with Bi and Pb results in a major increase in the site intrinsic activity (TOF) in both confined and non-confined catalysts. Over the optimized promoted and confined catalysts, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis occurs under atmospheric pressure with high conversion and enhanced selectivity to light olefins with lower degree of sintering.Apart from the confinement effect, we also study the particle size effect in the confined system for syngas conversion to light olefins over both promoted and unpromoted iron catalysts in Chapter 5. The TOF increases with increasing in the iron nanoparticles sizes from 2.5 to 12 nm over the carbon nanotubes containing encapsulated monometallic or Bi- or Pb-promoted iron nanoparticles. The iron particles size of unpromoted catalysts encapsulated in carbon nanotubes does not show any noticeable effect on the light olefin selectivity, while in the Bi- and Pb-promoted catalysts, the light olefin selectivity was higher over smaller encapsulated iron nanoparticles and decreased with the increase in the nanoparticle size.In Chapter 6, we introduced a new approach for the synthesis of linear α-olefins during low temperature FT synthesis over the Co based catalysts. We found that the co-feeding carboxylic acids leads to a shift of selectivity from paraffins to α-olefins which has been assigned to stabilization of olefins by intermediate formation of esters. The α-olefins selectivity is as high as 39 % in the presence of acids.In the end, we propose a new strategy, which substantially improves the stability of Co and Ni catalysts for CO hydrogenation via their promotion with bismuth. The promoted catalysts demonstrated exceptionally stable performance. The conducted experiments uncovered continuous catalyst self-regeneration during the reaction via oxidation of deposed carbon by oxygen scavenged after CO dissociation at the interface of metal nanoparticles and bismuth promoter. Formation of the bismuth-protecting layer over metal nanoparticles protects them against sintering
Kanari, Eva. "Understand and use the estimation of soil organic carbon persistence by Rock-Eval® thermal analysis". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS037.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoils store twice the amount of carbon that is found in atmosphere and vegetation combined. They act as a buffer between solid earth and atmosphere and exercise a major control on the atmospheric concentration of CO2 through the release or sink of greenhouse gases. Organic carbon in soils in the form of organic matter is essential to soil health and fertility, to nutrient availability and water quality. The performance of the most valuable tool at our disposal for understanding and predicting the evolution of this reservoir, soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics models, is currently limited by a missing key: the ability to estimate the proportion of SOC that will remain unchanged over projection-relevant timescales. This important amount of carbon present in soils for centuries or millennia, and therefore considered “stable”, can vary greatly from one location to another. The goal of my thesis was to explore a new approach based on thermal analysis and machine learning, to characterise SOC, estimate the proportion of “stable” carbon in soil samples, and use this information to improve the accuracy of SOC dynamics models. In a second step, I focused on the thermal analysis technique in the heart of this approach to understand better the important information it offers, based on model laboratory experiments. Finally, the main results of my thesis consist of a complete and validated operational approach improving the accuracy of SOC models with a clear and significant value for “climate-smart” soil management, while the experimental part offers new insights into the working principle, limitations and possibilities of the thermal analysis technique at the heart of this approach
Fellenberg, Ana Katiuce. "Nanoconfinement pour la synthèse de molécules plateforme à partir des oxydes de carbone". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR069.
Pełny tekst źródłaEnergy and environmental impacts drove the industrial processes. A sustainable route to produce fuels starts using biomass as raw material. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is a promising alternative way for conversion of renewable feedstocks to chemicals and fuels. Even FT synthesis is considered a well-established technology, there are chemistry fundamentals to be better and deeply understood. Besides, the FT process depends strongly on the catalyst performance. The utilization and transformation of CO2 into value-added chemicals have been of global interest, from both theoretical and practical viewpoints. One example of CO2 conversion to a useful liquid hydrocarbon is hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid (HCOOH). The state-of-the-art hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid is produced over homogeneous catalysts. However, there are a few works showing that highly dispersed supported metal catalysts are able to carry out this reaction. The high activity of these catalysts could be assigned to their ability to stabilize the active metal in a state of single-metal atoms or heterogenized metal complexes, which may demonstrate a higher activity than metal atoms on the surface of metal nanoparticles.In this work we have considered two different confined spaces of carbon-based materials, CNTs and COFs, and evaluated the nanoconfinement of iron, copper and ruthenium active species for CO and CO2 hydrogenation reactions to produce value-added chemicals and platform molecules.In the iron catalysts for FT synthesis supported by carbon nanotubes, the active phase was nanoconfined inside the channels or localized on the outer surface. In most of previous work, the distribution of metal nanoparticles inside or outside carbon nanotubes is considered to be immobile during the catalyst activation or catalytic reaction. In this work, we uncovered remarkable mobility of both iron and copper species in the bimetallic catalysts between inner carbon nanotube channels and outer surface, which occurs in carbon monoxide and syngas, while almost no migration of iron species proceeds in the monometallic catalysts. This mobility is enhanced by noticeable fragility and defects in carbon nanotubes, which appear on their impregnation with the acid solutions of metal precursors and precursor decomposition. Remarkable mobility of iron and copper species in bimetallic catalysts affects the genesis of iron active sites, and enhances interaction of iron with the promoter. In the bimetallic iron-copper catalysts, the major increase in the activity was attributed to higher reaction turnover frequency over iron surface sites located in a close proximity with copper.For CO2 hydrgentaion to formic acid, we propose a strategy based on COF materials with different structures and chemical compositions for mediation of ruthenium dispersion and design of efficient catalysts for low-temperature CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid. Operando characterization combined with catalytic tests revealed that the density of nitrogen functional groups in the COF matrix was the key factor affecting the dispersion and performance of COF-supported ruthenium catalysts. The catalyst performance primarily arises from ruthenium capability to persist as single atoms in specific sites and resist its reduction to the metallic state. The proposed strategy for mediating metal dispersion can be extended to develop a variety of COF-supported single-atom catalysts for different reactions
Oueslati, Nesrine. "Identification des intermédiaires de la réduction du dioxygène par la cytochrome c oxydase et ses modèles en faisant appel à la spectroscopie IR différentielle". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781055.
Pełny tekst źródłaDessimoulie, Lucile. "Apports de la géochimie élémentaire et isotopique pour la compréhension des processus de serpentinisation : cas de la dorsale sud-ouest indienne". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES013.
Pełny tekst źródłaSerpentinization, a reaction of hydration and oxidation of peridotites, occurs at slow to ultra-slow spreading ridges and is responsible of numerous chemical exchanges between the mantle, the oceanic crust and the ocean. In order to better understand these geochemical cycles, this thesis studies serpentinites from the smooth seafloor (SMS) of the ultraslow south west Indian ridge, an amagmatic end-member of the ridges system. We established profiles of serpentinization, showing an increase of the serpentinization degree with distance from the ridge. Serpentinization is accompanied by a modification of the peridotites bulk rock compositions in Si, Fe, Mg and Na without systematic evolution with the ridge distance, and by a progressive enrichment in light trace elements (LA, Pr), mobile elements (Li,B) and metals (As, Sb, Cd). The 56Fe composition of the SMS serpentinites does not show any evolution with the serpentinization degree, the partial melting rate, nor the refertilization by basaltic melts, indicating that these serpentinites can be used as analogs of the in situ oceanic mantle. Carbon isotopes compositions (13C) are similar to previous studies on serpentinites and do not show any evolution with the serpentinization degree. Few samples showing evidences of post-serpentinization alteration display however high organic carbon contents, probably coming from a stronger production of H2 through Fe-oxidation. This alteration is also responsible for supplementary enrichments in La, Pr, As, Sb and Cd
Zheng, Jianxia. "Earth-abundant metal complexes for catalyzed hydroelementation". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S148/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research work deals with the use of the catalysts based on the earth-abundant transition metals of the first row of the periodic table, such as Mn, Fe, and Ni, for hydroelementation reactions. First of all, the hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones was accomplished using a simple Ni(OAc)₂ 4H₂O/PCy₃ catalytic system with the inexpensive and stable silane PMHS as the hydride source. The reductive amination of aldehydes with amines was also achieved with the same catalytic system and TMDS, as the silane. Second, the efficiency of manganese half-sandwich complex CpMn(CO)₂(IMes) was exemplified for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones in the presence of Ph ₂ SiH ₂ (1.5 equiv.) under UV irradiation at room temperature. Still with manganese, the challenging transformation of carboxylic acids to aldehydes was performed using commercial Mn₂ (CO)₁₀ and Et₃SiH. Third, the methylation of the secondary amines with dimethyl carbonate as an alternative and safe C1 source was demonstrated under mild conditions with [CpFe(CO)₂(IMes)]I as the catalyst. Then, the hydroboration of functionalized alkenes and alkynes was catalyzed by an iron(0) carbonyl complex Fe(CO)₄(IMes) under UV irradiation. Finally, the hydroboration reaction was successfully extended to the reduction of CO₂ to methoxyboranes with Fe(CO)₃[P(OPh)₃]₂ as the catalyst and the borane sources, such as HBpin, HBcat or 9-BBN
Koedooder, Coco. "The interplay between Fe-limitation, carbon and light in a (photo)heterotrophic bacterium". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS170.
Pełny tekst źródłaIron (Fe) is an essential element for marine microbial growth but is present in trace amounts in the surface waters of the ocean. In heterotrophic bacteria, Fe-limitation particularly impacts ATP production and have been shown to implement various strategies to cope in the presence of Fe-limitation. Genetic tools enabled us to test two potential strategies within the model organism Photobacterium angustum S14. The glyoxylate shunt, a metabolic pathway found in aerobic bacteria bypassing several steps within the classic tricarboxylic acid (TCA) was shown to be upregulated under Fe-limitation and we propose that the glyoxylate shunt was able to redirect a cell’s metabolism away from Fe-limiting steps within the electron transport, thereby increasing the metabolic efficiency of the cell under Fe-limitation. Proteorhodopsin, a light activated proton pump found in several heterotrophic bacteria, could alleviate Fe-stress if the produced proton gradient is coupled to ATP synthase. Our results showed that proteorhodopsin is upregulated as cells approached the stationary phase under both Fe-replete and Fe-limiting conditions but was absent during the exponential phase. Future work in elucidating the role of proteorhodopsin, and particularly under Fe-limitation, should therefore focus on the stationary phase of a bacterial cell. The results from this thesis manuscript contributed to a culminating body of work surrounding the versatility of marine heterotrophic bacteria in coping with Fe-limitation and is an appropriate addition to the literature surrounding the role of proteorhodopsin and the glyoxylate shunt within the marine environment
Ahmed, Said Mohamed. "Activitation d'alcynes fonctionnalisés par des complexes Fer-Platine (Fe-Pt). Etude de la réactivité chimique et propriétés physico-chimiques des édifices hétérobimétalliques". Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2073.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe study deals on the heterobimetallic activation of functionalized alkynes by the complexes [(OC)3Fe(µ-CO)(µ-Ph2PXPPh2)Pt(PPh3)] (X = CH2, NH) and [(OC)3Fe(Si(OMe)3)(µ-dppm)Pt(H)(PPh3)] leading to the formation of various species such as dimetallacyclopentenones and μ-vinylidenes, whose reactivity has been investigated. In particular, a detailed study was carried using divers alkynols as substrates. X-ray crystallographic data reveal the occurrence of intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding; dehydratation of these compounds by HBF4 leads to formation of cationic allenylidene species. The reactions of aliphatic and aromatic diynes affords Fe‒Pt complexes [(OC)2Fe(µ-dppm)(µ-C(=O)CH=C{E-C≡CH}Pt(PPh3)] (E = spacer) bearing a second alkyne unit, allowing the construction of tetranuclear symmetric and asymmetric Fe‒Pt or heteropolynuclear Fe‒Pt-Co‒Co assemblies. Cycloaddition reactions using azides R-N3 were also performed on the pendant alkyne unit to form a series of organometallic 1,2,3-triazoles. Finally, preliminary studies have been undertaken to immobilize heterobimetallic Fe‒Pt compounds on the surface of Aerosil 200 silica particles
Pinheiro, Jean Patrick. "Croissance catalytique sous CO de carbone filamentaire et nanotubulaire". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10030.
Pełny tekst źródłaChafik, Abdelghani. "Influence de terres rares (La, Ce) sur les propriétés de systèmes catalytiques Métal-Carbone (Métal : Fe, Co, Ni) dans la conversion d'oxydes de carbone". Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2309.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoudouvas, Denis. "Effet du potassium sur un catalyseur composite Fe-Co-C en synthèse d'hydrocarbures". Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0092.
Pełny tekst źródłaGonzaga, de Resende Valdirene. "Synthesis and characterization of Fe-containing oxide powders and carbon nanotube-Fe-oxide nanocomposites". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/493/.
Pełny tekst źródłaCarbon nanotubes (CNT), very small, hollow and monodimensional, are one of the most widely investigated nanomaterial because they show excellent thermal, electrical and mechanical properties. The goals of this thesis were firstly to prepare Fe/Al2O3 solid solution powders and foams and Fe/ Al6Si2O13 powders and to use them as catalytic materials for the synthesis of CNT-Fe-oxyde nanocomposites, and secondly to perform a profound investigation of all the materials by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and to correlate the results with those obtained by other techniques with the aim to obtain information on the formation of the CNT, thermal stability, and surface composition of the nanocomposites. The value of applying the Mössbauer spectroscopy technique is that the identification and quantification of the various Fe-containing phases can be performed precisely. Moreover, this technique has the advantage of determining the oxidation state of iron and thus, the reduction rate of the starting solid solution(s). The combination of the Integral Low-Energy Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy with transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy has yielded many information concerning the understanding of the relationship between the starting catalytic material, the location of the reduced iron species (a-Fe, Fe3C and gamma-Fe-C) in the nanocomposites and the CNT. Earlier hypotheses, into how these species may be connected to the formation of the CNT, were refined: it was shown that gamma-Fe-C particles are not obviously very small-sized nanometric particles and that the species active for the formation of CNT are not always detected as Fe3C
Maillet, Anaïs. "Interactions argilite de Tournemire / fer métal en contexte in situ : résultats à 10 ans de contact". Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2309/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWithin the framework of a long lived radioactive waste storage concept in deep geological layer developed by Andra, IRSN leads an in situ study on the Experimental Station of Tournemire, in association with EDF to determine the interactions steel/argillite in a natural context. After 10 years of interaction, two drillings overcoring performed to characterize the processings of the Tournemire argillite in contact with carbon and stainless steels and to compare reactive phenomena highlighted and those induced by simulations tools combining chemistry and transport.Argillite/carbon steel samples show a significant corrosion of steel disk. Iron released, in the form of rings and cracks in the rock, disrupts the argillite in contact resulting in mineralogical and structural changes. Iron oxides precipitation and a calcite and smectitic leaf of mixed-layers I/S dissolution are identified. A succession of areas: metal/metal corroded/argillite disturbed/argillite is highlighted and porosity variations are observed on the interfaces between two areas. Geochemical simulations show that major changes are initiated speedly during establishment of the system and the oxygen trapped in the closed system is consumed by the corrosion of steel but mostly it diffuses into the surrounding material through concentration gradient.Argillite/stainless steel samples have a very low pitting corrosion of steel disk. This does not seem to affect the mineralogy of the argillite in contact
Zhang, Liping. "Immobilisation de catalyseurs moléculaires de polymérisation d’oléfines sur nanomatériaux". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0013/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis present thesis deals with the development of active olefin polymerization catalysts based on late transition metal (nickel and iron) imino-pyridine complexes supported on nanomaterial. Chapter I gives a comprehensive literature review of unsupported and supported ethylene polymerization catalyst. In Chapter II we report the ethylene polymerization studies using nickel complexes containing an –NH2 group for covalent immobilization on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) of the corresponding precatalysts. Comparison of the homogeneous catalysts with their supported counterparts evidenced higher catalytic activity and higher molecular weights for the polymers produced. In Chapter III, iron complexes containing a pyrene group have been synthesized and immobilized on MWCNTs through non-covalent π-π interactions between pyrene group and surface of MWCNTs. Activated by MMAO, both the iron complexes and immobilized catalysts show high activities for ethylene polymerization. It was possible to evidence that MWCNTs have a great influence on the catalytic activity and on the structure of the resulting polyethylenes. Imino-pyridine nickel complexes containing various kinds of aromatic groups have been synthesized in Chapter IV and polymerization conditions in the presence and in the absence of nanocarbon materials, such as MWCNTs or few layer graphene (FLG), are discussed. For those nickel catalysts bearing 1-aryliminoethylpyridine ligands, the presence of MWCNTs in the catalytic mixture allows the formation of waxes of lower molecular weight and polydispersity, whereas the presence of FLG proved to be beneficial for the catalytic activity. In Chapter V, isoprene polymerization catalyzed by iron complexes containing polyaromatic groups and non-covalently supported on nanoparticles and confined into the inner cavity of MWCNTs (Cat@NPs and Cat@NPs@MWCNTs) are investigated. Iron complexes show excellent activity for the isoprene polymerization and produced high glass temperature polyisoprene with a high trans-1,4-polyisoprene selectivity. Polymer nanocomposites are produced by supported catalysts and, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) evidenced efficient coating of the resulting polyisoprene around the oxygen sensitive iron nanoparticles
Zivkov, Catherine. "Etude de catalyseurs a base d'argiles et d'argiles a piliers pour la methanisation du gaz de synthese". Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2205.
Pełny tekst źródłaHerreyre, Sylvie. "Vers la compréhension de la croissance catalytique du carbone filamentaire". Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0078.
Pełny tekst źródłaLulizi, James Aluha. "Synthèse Fischer-Tropsch à base température pour la production de carburants synthétiques sur des catalyseurs nanométriques de fer et de cobalt supportés par le carbone". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10161.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbstract : This work reveals the potential plasma technology presents in producing highly active catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS), while simultaneously contracting catalyst production into a single step, which is a certain departure from the traditional multi-step methods such as impregnation or precipitation. Novel catalysts proposed were carbon-based, developed from single metal (Fe/C, Co/C) to bimetallic (Co-Fe), ternary (Mo-Co-Fe, Ni-Co-Fe) and then the promoted Au/Ni-Co-Fe formulations. Since the preparation of nanometric carbon-supported catalysts by plasma is a relatively new phenomenon, it offers the Fischer-Tropsch catalysis prospects of future commercial applications, because of the high temperatures that are achieved in plasma create Fe carbides (Fe3C, Fe5C2), which are assumed to account for Fe-based FTS catalysis. An attempt to fully quantify the carbide phases in the samples by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld Quantitative Analysis (RQA) was only partially successful due to the nanometric nature of the materials existing below the instrument’s detection limits. With BET specific surface areas of 35–93 m2.g-1, the catalysts were found to be non-porous, a characteristic that is advantageous because Fischer-Tropsch reaction would operate away from mass transfer limitations. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray mapping indicated high dispersion of the metal moieties in the carbon matrix, with no signs of nanoparticle agglomeration both in the fresh and used samples. Raman and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) characterized the support as highly graphitic, mixed with amorphous carbon arising from substantial defects in the graphite. Evidence from X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) using X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) analysis confirmed that plasma synthesized Co/C catalyst contained some carbides (Co3C), which went undetected by XPS. Initial catalyst testing was performed in the fixed-bed reactor at 503 K (230C), 3 MPa pressure, and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 6 000 〖cm〗^3 〖.h〗^(-1).g^(-1) of catalyst for 24 h. Elaborate tests were further executed in a 3-phase continuously stirred-tank slurry reactor (3-φ-CSTSR) isothermally operated between 493–533 K (220–260°C) at 2 MPa pressure, and GHSV = 3 600 〖cm〗^3 〖.h〗^(-1).g^(-1) of catalyst, for 24 h. It was observed that all catalysts were active for FTS, producing both gasoline and diesel fractions, but selectivity depended on the amount of metal in the catalyst or the reaction conditions. The most active catalyst at 493 K was the plasma-synthesized Co/C that showed 40% CO conversion, which was benchmarked against the commercial Fe/C at 32%. This performance was compared to the plasma-synthesized Fe/C (25% CO conversion) and 80%Co-20%Fe/C (10% CO conversion), while both the 50%Co-50%Fe/C and 30%Co-70%Fe/C were inactive. The plasma-synthesized Co/C was also more selective towards the gasoline fraction, but at 533 K it generated excessive CH4 (46%) and CO2 (19%) prompting the development of the Co-Fe/C bimetallics, which exhibited less than 10% selectivity towards CH4 or CO2 at over 40% CO conversion. Similarly, Ni-containing catalysts (Ni-Co-Fe/C) were relatively more active than the bimetallics, exhibiting over 50% CO conversion with higher selectivity towards the gasoline fraction (38%) than towards diesel (20%). The Ni-Co-Fe/C catalysts also produced excessive CH4 (23%) and CO2 (14%), than the Co-Fe/C bimetallics. Overall, the Co-Fe bimetallics and the acidified Co-Fe catalyst (i.e. Mo-Co-Fe/C) were more selective towards diesel formation (~55%). When the effect of pre-treatment medium was investigated, depending on catalyst composition, the CO-reduced catalysts showed enhanced selectivity for diesel fraction (50–67%) than catalysts reduced in H2 (45–55%). In addition, it was observed that catalysts containing high concentration of Co as well as those reduced in H2 generated more H2O than those reduced in CO, and the presence of Au (that is, in Ni-Co-Fe/C) not only depressed the Ni-Co-Fe/C catalyst activity, but it also lowered its capacity to form H2O, although it had no significant impact on the catalyst’s hydrocarbon selectivity.
Jouaiti, Abdelaziz. "Activation electrochimique de petites molecules par des composes bi-metalliques et elaboration de films polymeres conducteurs". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13036.
Pełny tekst źródłaGallovits, Chabchoub Myriam. "Oxydation d'aciers faiblement alliés et d'aciers inoxydables par plasma type Glidarc; analyse spectroscopique de la couche d'oxydes développée et du plasma". Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES078.
Pełny tekst źródłaAddou, Tania. "Approche biomimétique de la catalyse multiélectronique : application à la réduction quadriélectronique de l'oxygène moléculaire". Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0068.
Pełny tekst źródłaTomey, Lopez Estanislao Pablo. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés structurales et magnétiques des composés intermétalliques de terre rare RFe10,5Mo1,5 : effets des éléments interstitiels H, C et N". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10245.
Pełny tekst źródłaEllouze, Mohamed. "Synthèse et effet de la substitution limitée et de l'insertion d'atomes (H,C et N) sur les caractéristiques cristallographiques et magnétiques des composés R2Fe17". Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0166.
Pełny tekst źródłaPANZERA, Maria Francesca. "Interventi e scenari per la riduzione delle emissioni di CO2 verso una post carbon city. Adozione di misure di efficientamento ed uso di FER nel settore dell’edilizia e dei trasporti per la città di Reggio Calabria". Doctoral thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11570/3225516.
Pełny tekst źródłaCanelo, Vivar Marcela Paz. "Études de la réponse du métabolisme énergétique à la carence en fer dans les cultures cellulaires de Solanum tuberosum". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16210.
Pełny tekst źródłaIron is an important micronutrient for plant growth and development. It participates as a cofactor for several enzymes and is important for processes such as photosynthesis and respiration. Often soil Fe is not bioavailable to the plant. Plants have developed strategies to solubilize the Fe in the soil to make it available and easy to assimilate. There are two strategies, the first is characteristic of dicotyledones and the second is characteristic of monocotyledones. The model used in these studies is a cell culture of Solanum tubersoum. A first part of the research involved the study of expression and activity of enzymes required in energy metabolism and the provision of precursors for DNA synthesis: Nucleoside dehydrogenase, Ribonucleotide reductase, Glucose 6-phohate dehydrogenase and 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. In several organisms, Fe deficiency induces a loss of biomass which is often associated with a decrease in DNA synthesis. In S. tuberosum cell cultures, the results indicate that the loss of biomass observed in Fe deficiency is not linked to a change in the activity or relative expression of these enzymes. Indeed, no significant changes were detected between treatments (+/- Fe) for activity or relative expression. In another part of the research, we evaluated the activity of the metabolism pathways involved in strategy 1, which is used by S. tuberosum. This strategy consumes energetic metabolites: ATP to solubilize Fe and reducing power (NAD(P)H) to reduce the Fe3+ to Fe2+. Metabolic flux studies were done to investigate the alterations of carbon metabolism during Fe deficiency in S. tuberosum. These studies demonstrated that in Fe deficient cells, there is a decrease in the fluxes of some pathways of energy metabolism. Particularly, in the glycolytic flux and the anaplerotic flux of PEPC. Under Fe deficiency there would be a depression of metabolism in S. tuberosum which would allow the cell to slow its metabolism to maintain its vitality. In addition to the fluxes, the levels of pyridine nucleotides were measured since they serve to reduce Fe in the strategy 1. The results show an increase in the reduced forms of these metabolites during Fe deficiency. All results together point out that during Fe deficiency the metabolism decreases, allowing the cell to survive and adapt to the stress.