Rozprawy doktorskie: „Female”

1

Akhtar, Mehreen. "Female and Gender Leadership : Under Representation of Female Leaders". Thesis, University of Kalmar, Baltic Business School, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-737.

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When we talk about the females employment in different organization, it is till treated in different disciplines. There are some gaps linked to it which still need to be filled in order to give equal opportunities to females as well. Although, from the last few decades it is been said and noticed that the number of females are rising to the top which is a symbol of progressive social change. However, it is also been noticed that there is still gender inequality in top management positions which leads to under presentation of females in top management position.

The society and the masculine man has developed some theories. Due to which, it is been said that female qualities do not contribute to the required management attributes. For instance, In order to have an executive role, a person must be more aggressive, competitive, more task oriented etc. but females always have the opposite qualities. For instance, interpersonal relations, emotional, collaborative etc.

This paper is an effort that shows the obstacles that woman faces in order to reach top management positions. Moreover, I also tried to describe that the traditional leadership model is linked to the masculine stereotypes. Henceforth, I tried to explain that the new organizational culture requires also the feminine stereotypes (emotions, interpersonal relations, cooperation etc). So, one could say that the leadership is not just linked to the masculine stereotypes but it also requires more of feminine qualities as well.

The empirical study involves the semi structured interviews from men and women on management positions and also general discussions with the public. Based on these interviews and discussions I tried to analyze if both male and female follow the gender stereotypes and if they have difference in leadership styles according to gender.

Hence, companies should have a more diversity in their organization in order to have more flexibility in organizational culture.

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2

Smith, Andrea Marie. "Communicating on YouTube| bystanders'recording of female-on-female violence". Thesis, California State University, Los Angeles, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1583095.

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This study analyzed the current phenomenon of bystanders recording female-on-female violent videos. This year marked the first time a YouTube video made national headlines for showing a woman beaten unconscious outside of a nightclub. The current study analyzed the volume of bystanders recording female-on-female violence, the amount of bystanders who revealed themselves as the video director, and the increase in violence and nudity within the YouTube videos. A content analysis provided a systematic and historical understanding of this female-on-female violence as a cultural phenomenon. In the seven-year period from 2007-2014, 64 percent of bystanders revealed themselves as the video director; a 55 percent increase in females punching each other; and a 40 percent increase in nudity. The data provides a platform for researchers to learn how female-on-female violence went from "cat fights" to beating a woman unconscious while recording it on a smart phone.

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3

Skouroumouni, A. "Staging the female : studies in female space in Euripides". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317801/.

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The words of Medea or Alcestis may be the only thing we are left with. Yet it was not the only means Euripides had at his disposal to render them onstage; his dramatic toolkit included spatial staging. This aspect of his dramaturgy provides the lens through which I explore Euripidean tragedy and Euripidean females. The tragic female has been studied in depth in past and more recent scholarship, with vital insights gained. Nevertheless, what previous scholarship has rarely considered in any detail is the physical representation of the female (the particularities of her postures, movement, physical action and interaction) in physical and imagined dramatic space (what I term ‘female space’). My focus, both performative and gendered, falls on the staging techniques defining the female, explored against the background of fifth-century cultural values of original spectators. By combining analysis of theatrical features with readings of Euripidean females and plays, the thesis engages in a process of visualising female physicality in interactive theatrical space and exploring its thematic significance in the construction of character, theme, and action. An introductory chapter delineates my conceptual and methodological framework (theoretical background, approach, terms). Three case studies constitute the three main chapters: Helen, Iphigenia Taurica, and Andromache. In each of the chosen dramas, the female is placed away from home and homeland: in Helen and IT the Greek woman is displaced in foreign lands, in Andromache the non-Greek is transported into Greece. Dislocation to alien environments is the extreme form of the theatrical challenge to the female spatial experience; hence the need (and the choice) for special investigation. The examination of the different ways in which aspects of female experience are (literally) played out allows us to evaluate Euripides’ skill as writer and director from a new perspective.

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4

Erickson, Kari. "Fifth and sixth grade female students' perceptions of female aggression". Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2006/2006ericksonk.pdf.

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5

Carlucci, Mariana E. "Same sex sexual harassment : perceptions of female-female sexual harassment". FIU Digital Commons, 2008. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2020.

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This study investigated how mock jurors perceive female-female sexual harassment. Participants read a case vignette depicting female-female sexual harassment where the sexual orientation of the harasser (lesbian vs. straight) and type of sexual harassment (approach vs. reject vs. generalized) were counterbalanced across participants. Participants were asked to make a liability determination for the case. They were also asked to rate the unwanted conduct on several legally relevant dimensions (e.g., severity, pervasiveness, unwelcomeness). Results show that sexual orientation of the harasser is the most important factor used to determine liability, with participants finding more liability when the harasser was lesbian than when the harasser was straight. Participants similarly found the same conduct to be more severe, pervasive, unwelcome, and threatening when the harasser was lesbian than when she was straight. As expected, female participants found more evidence of discrimination than male participants. These findings illustrate biases mock jurors may hold when making legal decisions in female-female sexual harassment cases.

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6

Wendland, Jan. "Early female adolescence, narrative tales of crisis in female development". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0034/MQ27387.pdf.

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7

Martinez, Kaitlin Christine, i Kaitlin Christine Martinez. "Electability of Female Candidates: Improving Female Representation in State Legislatures". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625081.

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The underrepresentation of female legislators is an important issue to investigate in our political system to improve women's role in government. I investigate factors that hinder and improve women's likelihood of being elected in state legislatures by using date from a variety of sources. The Center for American Women in Politics from Rutgers Eagleton Institute of Politics, Bloomberg News, Gallup Inc., and Elazar's work on political cultures contributed to this data to find factors across the nation that are strong determinants for the percentage of female legislators in each state. Overall, factors like the gender-equality ranking, political culture, conservativeness and religiosity of each state will have a direct impact on the number of women who are elected into the legislature.

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8

Ball, Victoria. "Female identity and the British female ensemble drama 1995-1998". Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2007. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/7347.

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This thesis focuses upon a distinctive form of ‘feminine-gendered’ fiction, that of the British female ensemble drama, that has proliferated across televisual schedules since the late 1970s and which has received little academic attention. Although not a discrete genre, the female ensemble drama is nevertheless identifiable as a distinctive form of ‘feminine-gendered’ fiction that is largely written and/or produced by women, which diegetically focuses on particular communities of female characters and which is predominantly aimed at female audiences. The purpose of this text-based analysis of the female ensemble drama is to engage with a central concern of feminist television criticism, that of the gendered identity of this particular media form and the constructions of gender within it given its association with women at these three sites of production, text and audience. While I provide a historical overview of the development of this form of drama in relation to its textual precedents I isolate a particular moment in the history of this form of drama, that of the late 1990s, for closer analysis. Firstly I isolate the late 1990s to provide knowledge and understanding of the way in which the ‘feminine’ identity of this form of drama has contributed to its academic neglect within this socio-cultural period. Secondly I provide a close textual analysis of the constructions of ‘women’ within three female ensemble dramas in order to engage with and explore the textual negotiations they embody surrounding discourses of feminism and post feminism, de- and re-traditionalization in this particular period. While these themes have begun to be addressed in feminist television criticism they have largely been explored in relation to constructions of femininity in American dramas. This analysis then, allows for an exploration of these discourses in relation to a regional form of British drama. It is through investigating the academic neglect of this form of drama; providing a historical, thematic and aesthetic overview of the female ensemble drama as well as a detailed analysis of three of the female ensemble dramas of the 1990s that I contribute knowledge and understanding of this particular regional form of ‘feminine-gendered’ fiction to the field of Feminist Television Studies.

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9

Carico, Kathleen M. "Responses of four adolescent females to adolescent fiction with strong female characters". Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10022007-144606/.

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10

Lawrence, Cassandra Patrice. "How are females coping in today's army female soldiers as single parents /". Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002lawrencec.pdf.

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11

Woytkiw, Lee. "Redefining female sexuality". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23552.pdf.

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12

Ovalioglu, Nilufer. "The female bouffon". Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4712.

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This dissertation examines the notion of the female in performance, the latter term applying to occasions that are outside as well as within theatrical venues. I attempt to address the complex and mutually entailed interrelation between the 'normative' as it has, and continues to, govern female behaviour, and those manifestations deemed transgressive of these in some respect. I seek to postulate a conception of the performing female as a phenomenon which owes its force to the presence of both polarities. My preferred term for such a figure is the female bouffon, and after a preliminary definition of associated terms, I discuss the carnivalesque, socially licenced occasions of 'misrule' in pre-modern societies, where norms were temporarily suspended to permit women to 'make a spectacle of themselves'. Some contemporary parallels are furnished. I then address the larger and more discursive issues of the reflexive and self-applied norms of proper female conduct as offered and justified by industrial, scientifically authorized societies. From the above, I turn to the extraordinary creative ferment of the turn of the twentieth century, which witnessed the rebellious re-institution of older performance genres as well as the invention of new ones. I then discuss the associated theatrical theorizing that accompanied this era. After a detailed examination of the work of two contemporary practitioners, who, I consider, gather together past and present themes of bouffonerie in a compelling way, I give examples of my own performance practice, and some analysis of its reciprocal relation with an audience. I conclude with some speculative thoughts as to the future of the bouffonesque female performer.

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13

Shuvalova, Anna S. "Russian female entrepreneurs". Thesis, Bucks New University, 2009. http://bucks.collections.crest.ac.uk/9786/.

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The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and subsequent transition of the Russian Federation from a command economy to a free market economy changed the economic, political and social landscapes in the country enormously, opening the way to legalized entrepreneurship in the form of private business ownership. Women took an active role in this process, increasing the number of female-owned enterprises, expanding into new fields of business and contributing to wealth and jobs. This study aims to undertake qualitative research on female entrepreneurs in Russia, notably amongst women owner-managers of small and medium sized firms in Moscow, and to examine what motivated Russian women entrepreneurs to launch and manage their own businesses as they themselves understand it. The focus of this study is on women entrepreneurs and their entrepreneurial experience, rather than on their businesses. The research is based on 30 in-depth phenomenological interviews, which give rich descriptions of the women’s entrepreneurial experiences from the participants’ point of view. The study provides insights into Russian women entrepreneurs’ motivation, personal traits and management styles, which have been relatively under-researched in the literature. It also affirms the importance of the institutional context affirmed by other researchers (Aidis et al, 2005; Estrin et al, 2005; Peng, 2001; McMillan and Woodruff, 2002), who have undertaken research in former transition economies. The findings of the research confirmed that the women from the sample were motivated by external factors to start-up their businesses: they were either pushed into entrepreneurship by necessity, or drawn to it by favourable opportunities. When reflecting on their motivation, they identified intrinsic motives, such as the need for achievement and recognition, a desire to help others and to be a leader, to have an interesting job, fulfil their potential and realize their dreams. They attributed their success in business to their intuition, interpersonal and leadership skills, and stressed the importance of a strong personal drive, faith and the capacity to love humanity. In the context of an unstable business environment in Russia, the women were prudent when weighing risks, and relied on their personal informal networks to address complex situations in an effective way. The research makes a contribution to gender studies, proliferation of subjective qualitative methodological approaches in entrepreneurial research, and links motivation, trait, institutional, human and social capital theories, opening up interesting opportunities for further research on the intersections of these theoretical perspectives.

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14

Olofsson, Ida, i Mikaela Larsson. "Female board members and company performance : Do companies with female directors perform better than companies without females on their boards? Evidence from Sweden". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36578.

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Background: Females are underrepresented in Swedish boards, and in 2016 females represented 29 % of all board members. Many researchers have studied the relationship between the gender composition of company boards and company performance, but they have not managed to reach consensus in explaining the relationship. Pure shareholder theory suggests that the company philosophy is to focus on profitability and shareholder maximization. If the gender distribution in the board affects the performance of the company, some companies may underperform because of their board composition. If so, this is an issue that should be solved according to the shareholder theory and some adjustments to the composition should be done. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not companies with female directors on their boards perform better than companies without female directors on their boards. The target group of the study is Swedish listed companies with a statutory domicile in Sweden. Method: For conducting this research, data for a period of three years (2013-2015) are collected from a sample of 94 Swedish listed companies. The performance measurements investigated are the ratios; ROE, profit margin, ROCE, EBIT margin and EPS. As for control variables, the board size and company size are used. An independent samples t-test is conducted, as well as a correlation matrix analysis and a regression analysis, to fulfil the purpose of this study. Conclusion: The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between female representation in the boardroom and the ratio EBIT margin. However, the correlation strength is so weak that it is not fair to draw the conclusion that female representation has a positive effect on the financial performance of the companies. Also, the regression analysis shows no relationship between the two variables. However, this study contributes by showing that there is no negative correlation between the presence of females on boards and the financial performance of the companies.

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15

Aktari, Selen. "Abject Representations Of Female Desire In Postmodern British Female Gothic Fiction". Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612288/index.pdf.

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The aim of this dissertation is to study postmodern British Female Gothic fiction in terms of its abject representations of female desire which subvert the patriarchal definition of female sexuality as repressed and female identity as the object of desire. The study analyzes texts from postmodern Female Gothic fiction which are feminist rewritings of the traditional Gothic narratives. The conventional Gothic plot is based on the Oedipal development of identity which excludes the (m)other and deprives the female from autonomous subjectivity. The feminist rewritings of the conventional Gothic plot have a subversive aim to recast the Oedipal identity formation and they embrace the (m)other figure in order to blur the strict boundaries between the subject and the object. Besides, these rewritings aim to destroy the image of the victimized heroine within the imprisoning conventional Gothic structures and transgress the cultural, social and sexual definitions of women constructed by patriarchal sexual politics. The study bases its analyses on Jean Rhys&rsquo
s Wide Sargasso Sea, Angela Carter&rsquo
s The Bloody Chamber and Other Stories, and Emma Donoghue&rsquo
s Kissing the Witch: Old Tales in New Skins as examples in which patriarchal definition of the female desire as passive is destroyed and the female desire as active is promoted by the adoption of abject representations, which challenge the strictly constructed hierarchical relationships between men and women. Basing its argument on Julia Kristeva&rsquo
s psychoanalytical theories, which re-vision the traditional psychoanalytical theories, this study puts forward that by the emergence of postmodernism, which has overtly provided a ground for the marginalized discourses to get into dialogue with the oppressive ones, the abject representations of female desire have gained a positive characteristic that can liberate female body from the control and authority of the male-dominated ideology. Thus, one can chronologically follow the positive development of abject representations of female sexuality in Rhys&rsquo
s, Carter&rsquo
s and Donoghue&rsquo
s works which promote a liberation for the Gothic heroines from patriarchal psychoanalytical identity development, which render female desire active and female body expressive, which rehistoricize female sexuality from a feminist lens and which call for a new world order built upon an egalitarian basis that destroys hierarchically constructed gender roles. As a result, postmodern British Female Gothic Fiction is proved to be offering a utopian ideal of an egalitarian society, but although utopian and radical, not an impossible one to be realized.

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16

Quiroga, Fernandez Ana Isabel, i Yunfeng Wang. "Female Entrepreneurs - Orchids in the Forest : Conditions for female start-ups". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12435.

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The last century has witnessed blooming achievements of females as rising workforce in modern society. With their active participation in business world recently, female entrepreneurship research has caught extensive attention globally, not only from academic field, but also from market entities, policy makers, social activists, as well as broad masses, concerning the social and economic contribution of female-started entreprises. Current studies within this topic concentrate on two issues: the difference between male and female entrepreneurs; demographic research for certain countries, regions, or industries. Following a qualitative research approach, this thesis applies implementations of actors view and grounded theory. With the purpose to create in-depth business knowledge, a well-structured empirical exploration is conducted mainly through theoretical sensibility acquisition, secondary data collection and face-to-face dialogues focusing on the issue of conditions for female entrepreneurs to start up and to develop a business.The researchers share their comprehensive (from both micro and macro perspective) understanding about this subject: There is no such a formula of necessary conditions existing. Female entrepreneurs need to define them according to the type of the ventures they establish and the demand for their projected growth, pursue them by taking actions instead of waiting for all conditions to be ready. The forthcoming female economy brings millions of opportunities that favor female entrepreneurs to start up enterprises, despite the current situation where they have not received effective supports that they deserve. In the end, the researchers create a new term „femesh‟ to conclude their findings and their anticipation for the future blossom of female entrepreneurs. Especially, the academic research process is described as an exploration adventure for searching orchids in the forest, together with the romantic writing style of the authors, bringing enjoyable readability without losing its preciseness, accuracy and logic as an academic research.

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17

Kotsovolos, Nastasia. "Creating the female/female creators: Pope, women writers and "The Dunciad"". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10001.

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This thesis examines the transformation of gender identity in the early eighteenth century; it demonstrates the ways in which the entry of women into print culture destabilized traditional gender norms; and it demonstrates the effect of such changes upon the life and poetry of Alexander Pope. The first chapter, which is mainly historical, contextualizes women's participation in print culture. It describes how their presence in print signified gender as an artificial or socially constructed category (as opposed to traditional notions of it as absolute and essential). The second chapter surveys various poetry and correspondence of Alexander Pope in order to demonstrate the difficulties and anxieties experienced by Pope as he attempts to deal with fluctuating gender codes of the day. He requires a stable notion of the private feminine Other in order to establish his masculine and public self, yet it is shown that Pope is inexorably linked with the feminine Other from which he endeavours to distance himself; thereby, he unwittingly contributes to the slippage of these terms. The third chapter ties together all the issues discussed in the previous two chapters through a close reading of The Dunciad. Pope's anxiety about gender identity is revealed: he represents his culture, especially literary culture, as having fallen into "feminization" because it has ostensibly rejected masculine values in preference to feminine ones. The reign of Queen Dulness engenders the conditions whereby the body has enslaved the mind, madness has overpowered reason and empty rhetoric has replaced meaningful language. Although Pope attempts to distance himself from all that he represents as corrupt and effeminate in The Dunciad, he is, nevertheless, implicated in the perversion of the very patriarchal systems which he is attempting to uphold. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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18

Berggren, Vanja. "Female genital mutilation : studies on primary and repeat female genital cutting /". Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-231-4/.

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19

Lyman, Melissa M. "Exposing the “Shadow Side”: Female-Female Competition in Jane Austen’s Emma". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2232.

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Many critics have examined the shifting nature of female friendship in Jane Austen’s Emma from cultural and historical angles. However, a comprehensive scientific analysis of female-female alliance and competition in the novel remains incomplete. The Literary Darwinist approach considers the motivations of fictional characters from an evolutionary perspective, focusing primarily on human cognition and behaviors linked to reproductive success, social control, and survival. While overt physical displays of male competition are conspicuous in the actions of the human species and those of their closest primate relatives, female aggression is often brandished psychologically and indirectly, which makes for a much more precarious study. In this paper, cultural criticism and evolutionary psychology work together to unravel the most complicated and arcane layers of intrasexual competition between women in Emma. Ultimately, this dual interpretation of the novel steers readers towards a deeper understanding of Emma Woodhouse’s imperiled friendships, and by extension, their own.

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20

Marqués-Martin, Claudia. "Shaping the Francoist female body politic : female right-wing life-writing". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231868.

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War-focused life-writing and the study of the female subject in a period where war had the potential to destabilise traditional women's roles and identities remains an under researched topic. This thesis focuses on how the self-representation of the lives of right wing women were discursively constructed and reflexively represented in relation to large scale political, social and economic contexts. It supports Passmore's view that by deconstructing the traditional binary position in which right-wing women found themselves, they 'are no longer seen simply as such as victims or victimisers, but as both simultaneously. This thesis draws upon the life-writing of four women who belonged to Franco's elite regime: Maria Rosa Urraca Pastor, Regina García, Pilar Millán Astray and Pilar Primo de Rivera and explores the (re)construction and reflexive representations of the self. It shows how they not only struggled to identify with one collective group, but adopted and shifted between different collective identities. It demonstrates how womanhood and motherhood were created, recreated, redefined and modified to become a politicised and patriotic idea of woman. It shows how these four women reconstructed a new (female) identity by adapting their femaleness and their expected role as women in order to achieve acceptance within the Francoist movement. This thesis shows the need to rethink the right-wing meaning of womanhood, motherhood, and female agency in contemporary scholarship.

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21

Walters, Melanie L. "Mother/daughter dyads : female identity construction in three contemporary female Bildungsromane /". Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1559850931&sid=10&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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22

Blackmon, Carlotta M. "Routed Sisterhood: Black American Female Identity and the Black Female Community". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1238090994.

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23

Ward, Dinah. "Interpreting female-female love in the early poetry of Michael Field". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/114/.

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Thesis abstract Michael Field was the pen-name of Katharine Bradley and Edith Cooper, an aunt and niece who wrote closet drama and lyric poetry from the 1880s through to the 1910s. The two women also conducted an intense love relationship, which caught the interest of feminist scholars from the 1970s onwards. Their poems have been read as evidence for the existence of lesbian sexuality during a historical period that was crucial for the emergence of male homosexuality as a form of identity. My aim in this thesis is to assess whether the poetry of Michael Field can indeed be understood as communicating an underlying sense of a lesbian self. I explore the homoerotic and heteroerotic discourse they produce, examining the differences and similarities between this writing and writing by three contemporary men key in the development of male homosexuality. I also question whether their representations of female-female love can be understood as part of a feminist or radical development of ideas. My findings are that while these poems show a strong interest in the formation of identity for the poets, and while that process has some resemblance to the construction of identity in contemporary male writers associated with the emergence of male homosexuality, nevertheless Bradley and Cooper do not produce representations of lesbian sexuality recognisable in the modern sense as a form of sexuality that exists in necessary opposition to female heterosexuality and male homosexuality. Furthermore, I argue that the forms of homoeroticism used to underpin the identities constructed by Bradley and Cooper reproduce and maintain some deeply conservative traditions. I conclude that feminist critics need to be sensitive to historical difference and development, understanding how modern political positions arise from and against previous possibilities, rather than searching for an imaginary cross-historical similarity amongst women to support a present-day feminist social critique.

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24

Van, Eijck Jo-Ann. "Constructing contemporary Cuban female identity : female traces in the visual arts". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2004. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29334/.

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This study will assess five contemporary female artists to explore ways in which their art production can be meaningfully read in relation to their sense of being Cuban and what this might mean for them at this juncture in Cuba's history. The first three chapters introduce the artists - Maria Magdalena Campos-Pons, Marta Maria Perez, Belkis Ayon, Tania Bruguera and Sandra Ramos - and the unique Cuban visual arts spectrum post-1980, vis-a-vis movements, people, ideology, education and the impact of socialist influences. Key factors regarding Cuban identity will also be examined; gender, race, socio-cultural and religious practices, as these elements have been fundamental to the self-conscious identity constructions of these women through their art. As products of the revolutionary process, artists have delivered sophisticated avant-garde high art creations that embody the worldviews of the Cuban people. And, as professional artists, they are afforded specific ideological, ethical and social responsibilities and privileges within Cuban society. Their creative endeavours have become much-needed critical spaces to comment when other Cubans cannot and to consider issues of specific relevance to their country. Drawing on the resources of iconography and various semiotic devices, the following three chapters focus on these women's lives and artistic trajectories via the topics they address, such as myth, religion, displacement and the Cuban Diaspora. As a recurrent element in their work and one historically connected to the Cuban visual arts tradition and notions of identity, their portrayals of the female body will be read as sites for socio-cultural, personal and ideological discourse within the parameters of the contemporary socialist Cuban framework. Also, the nature of the plastic arts medium and the possibilities inherent in being a Cuban artist will be examined, and the other 'bodies' present in their work; the body of the audience and the body of the artwork.

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25

Ricketts, Angela P. "Measuring the mentoring functions performed by female mentors to female protegees". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1091.

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26

Barcus, Sonja Marie. "Body cathexis and the ideal female figure of black and white college females". Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722174.

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The body cathexis and "ideal" female figure for Black college females and White college females were investigated. The Body Cathexis Scale was administered to determine students' level of satisfaction with their bodies. Self reports of each student's ideal female measurements were also examined. It was hypothesized that Black college females tend to possess greater satisfaction with their body image than White college females. Black college females were hypothesized to report less restrictive measurements for what they believe would make up the ideal female figure than White college females. Results showed that some significant differences were found between Black and White college females. Of the 46 items on the Body Cathexis Scale, significant differences between Black and White college females were found on seven items with five indicating higher satisfaction of Black college females and two indicating that White college females had higher satisfaction. Of the five measurements of ideal female figure, only one differed significantly with the Black college females possessing a less restrictive measurement. Thirty-nine items on the Body Cathexis Scale and four on the ideal female figure measurements showed no significant difference. Therefore, the hypothesis of Black college females being more satisfied with their bodies and reporting less restrictive ideal female figure measurements than White college females was not supported.
Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

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27

Prigent, Anaïs. "The emergence of female leaders: becoming a female leader in modern organisations". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-13113.

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Around the globe, many organisations are still dominated by male managerial models. In spite of the progress in the status of women in our society in the last decades, higher positions in organisations are still held by men, even though women have the capacity to occupy these positions. This work investigates many studies about the different arguments linked to organisations that researchers/authors have done on this subject. It uses narrative as a key focus to explore the under-representation of women in higher positions within national and multinational organisations. The theoretical part of this thesis enables a better understanding of aspects of leadership in organisations, and discusses the whole idea of gender labelling leadership as masculine or feminine, but also to present the principal hurdles encountered by women in organisations. Using the empirical method involves undertaking semi-structured interviews with women and men in high management positions, in order to construct a solid basis for analysis and discussion by putting forward solutions. I hope that my work will enable my readers to find some solutions, and that it can serve as a guideline for firms in order to encourage them to benefit. I will try to propose a solution for them to harness the under-utilised talent of their female employees and to pool and foster an environment of respect and equity based on merit rather than on gender.

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Cope-Crisford, Maya. "Deviance and Desire: Embodiments of Female Monstrosity in Nineteenth-Century Female Gothic". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1460401165.

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Elekonich, Michelle Marie. "Female-female territorial aggression and its hormonal control in the song sparrow /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9149.

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Cendes, Linda Marie. "Active female sampling of male display predicts female incertainty in mate choise". College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9504.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Biology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Fontannaz-Howard, Lucienne. "Re-illuminating Defeated Female Archetypes and their Legacies for a Female Imaginary". Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/404857.

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This studio-based research is a visual investigation and consequent reinterpretation of notable female archetypes who embodied exceptional strength of character, individuality and authority. However, they were dispossessed of their positive powers, discredited, even demonised, within the progressively male-dominated cultures of Western history. In their corrupted forms, the stories and reputations of these muchdiminished female archetypes left a detrimental legacy for the status of women. Alternatively, in their positive forms they have the potential to contribute to unconstrained possibilities for women’s consciousness and expectations of womanhood. Of the many female archetypes found throughout history and extant today, inspirational examples—mythological serpent women deities, past and present female warriors, as well as female archetypes considered as having inherently negative qualities—were chosen as subjects for the creation of investigatory artworks. Creative investigations took place within the theoretical frameworks of feminist revisionist mythology and the female imaginary. These two frameworks provided a critical context in which patriarchal interpretations could be challenged and reinterpreted based upon earlier female imaginaries. Situated between the conscious and the unconscious, this female imaginary is still best realised and communicated through the narratives of myths and the symbols of visual art. Consequently, this study examined the contemporary canon of artists working with female archetypes in both the formation and redressing of the representation of women today. A heuristic research methodology was used to achieve the artwork outcomes, the reinterpretation of archetypes realised through paintings that combine appropriation and juxtaposition, as well as representational and abstract imagery. These re-presentations were made possible through extensive painterly experimentation and culminated with the incorporation of the vesica piscis—a form of sacred geometry considered an elemental female symbol— as the constant central element of each composition. A cogent visual language had to be developed that was capable of contesting and counteracting the negative stereotypes of the chosen female archetypes. Further, the paintings had to not only render visible, but to illuminate, the positive qualities and behaviours of these archetypal women. Through this illumination, there is the potential for their dignity and authority to be restored, appreciated—both symbolically and practically—and thereby result in a more informed and powerful female identity and imaginary for the twenty-first century.
Thesis (Professional Doctorate)
Doctor of Visual Arts (DVA)
Queensland College of Art
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text

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McClure, Cindy Lee Stevenson. "A Qualitative Study on Female Opinions of Female Bullying and Relational Aggression". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2849.

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According to the American Psychological Association, 160,000 children miss school each day because of a fear of bullying. Existing research indicates that the typical male style of bullying is distinctly different from the typical female style of bullying, which is referred to as relational aggression. This kind of aggression can cause damage to girls in the form of low self-esteem, eating disorders, and suicide. Research on female bullying has increased in the last five years, yet there is minimal research on relational aggression from the female perspective. The purpose of this qualitative study was to expand on the existing bullying research by exploring the opinions of 3rd, 5th, and 7th-grade girls (N=16) from a rural area of the Pacific Northwest regarding the definition, development, and response to female bullying and relational aggression with the use of semi-structured interviews. The main theoretical foundations for this study were the social learning perspective and the social information processing theory. Participant responses indicated differences by grade in the definition of relational aggression. There was general agreement among the responses that bullying increases over time. Participant responses supported previous research findings that victims, bystanders, and the bully suffer from the behavior. Findings from this study contribute to the body of knowledge about female bullying from a female perspective. This additional knowledge has the potential to assist education policy makers, school personnel, parents, and children in understanding and recognizing the female bullying process and consequences. This understanding will assist with recognition and intervention in bullying situations as well as the development and implementation of more effective bullying prevention programs specific to girls.

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Kadyrkulova, Ainura. "Female and gender leadership". Thesis, University of Kalmar, Baltic Business School, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-559.

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The theme/topic of thesis is: Female and Gender Leadership. The main issue or mater of thesis work is to make research of male and female leadership and management style. Investigate in order to be clear about male and female leadership starting from definition of it, and continue with data collection in order to prove it.

It is obvious that leadership is a male dominated one, and female have some advantages and disadvantages, also prejudice and differ style of leadership. It is very interesting to know and analyze leadership and management, which can bring some ideas and data transformation of some information to the thesis. One of the major things is to collect, analyze answers and identify leadership of male and female. Mostly, I am taking into account leadership style and management of both genders.

Therefore, female and male in leadership is one of the actual and continues study, which take interest of many people. To make research about men and women in leadership, how they use styles of leaders, what they do in order to be effective and how they work with their followers of different gender. What the main features of leaders they hold, how they make improvements and what they do for professional increase. Today, both women and men are trying to be equivalent in many ways of daily life; however, in work they are keeping style of leadership according to the job occupation. Anyway, what the main distinguishes between female and male, what kind of attempt they are making? How they cope with different tasks in various spheres, remaining to the own basic of behavior, skills and attitude.

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Short, R. M. "Female criminality 1780-1830". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6e575ce9-f164-48c9-9955-3cf5eab4808b.

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This thesis studies aspects of women's criminal behaviour during the period from 1780-1830, using the criminal court records from two juridical areas: the City of London and the county of Berkshire. It considers all types of indictable crime, that tried in the local quarter session court and in the assize (high) court. It first establishes the numerical significance of female crime, which accounted for as little as one tenth of all indictments, with some variation between different courts and urban and rural areas. It also establishes some characteristics of female criminals, their age, marital status and place of birth. Compared to men, women's crime was less concentrated in the years of early adulthood, though the ill-defined nature of marriage among the lower orders at this period makes it difficult to establish any firm conclusions about the influence of marriage on a woman's criminal career. To attempt to explain these patterns, this work studies the social context of women's criminal activity, for this purpose separating property and violent crime. In the former case, a stress upon the practical, organizational aspects of crime suggests correlations between criminal potential and wider social freedoms. In the field of violent crime, women's involvement was more prevalent than might have been expected, challenging the notion that women's experience of violence is predominantly as a victim. Finally, the idea that women's lenient treatment by prosecutors accounts for their absence from the criminal records is addressed. From media accounts of women's crime there is evidence of a general disinclination to invest women with any criminal potential. A study of sentencing patterns reveals that women were less likely to be harshly treated that their male counterparts, though with some variation between crime types. It is argued however tha it is women's lesser criminal capacity, pre-determined by her social position, which creates these patterns, rather than the "chivalry" of male prosecutors.

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Huang, Yu-Jen. "Cryopreservation of female fertility". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92216.

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Preservation of female fertility is an important issue today. There are a few effective clinical options for preserving female fertility. Conventional IVF followed by embryo cryopreservation is the only established procedure but is not applicable to all women. Oocyte cryopreservation avoids the ethical and moral concerns related to cryopreservation of embryos but conventional slow freezing methods are associated with low survival rate of oocytes. The main objective of this translational research thesis was to develop an efficient and safe methodology for oocyte cryopreservation that is clinically applicable for female fertility preservation. Specific research objectives were to investigate cryobiology of oocytes in terms of: 1) cryoprotectant (CPA) toxicity effect on oocyte ultra-structures and embryonic developmental potential; 2) Vitrification versus conventional slow freezing of oocytes and their effects of oocyte structures and embryonic developmental potential; 3) Vitrification of embryos using the McGill Cryoleaf and its effect of embryonic development and DNA fragmentation; 4) Clinical efficacy of oocyte vitrification in prospective clinical trials; 5) Effects of oocyte vitrification in terms of the clinical obstetrical and perinatal outcomes; 6) Clinical applications of vitrification of oocytes for preservation of female fertility. The CPA mixture of ethylene glycol (EG) and 1,2-propanediol (PROH) was found to be the most suitable combination for oocyte vitrification, resulting in high embryo development and the least DNA fragmentation. Vitrification of oocyte using the CPA mixture of EG and PROH in combination with the McGill Cryoleaf system is superior to the conventional slow-cooling method, resulting in better preservation of egg ultra-structures and functions. The reduced embryonic development potential of cryopreserved oocyte is related to increased DNA fragmentation and activation of caspase enzymes. Vitrification of human oocytes using the McG
Préservation de la fécondité est un sujet important à ce jour. Il y a peu de traitements effectifs pour préserver la fécondité des femmes. La fécondation in vitro (FIV) conventionnelle suivie par la cryoconservation des embryons est la seule procédure bien établie. Cependant, celle-ci n'est pas possible pour certaines femmes. La cryopréservation des ovocytes évite les problèmes éthiques et moraux reliés à la cryoconservation des embryons. Cependant, les méthodes de congélation lente sont associées à des taux de survie des ovocytes faible. Les objectifs principaux de cette thèse de recherche translationnelle était de développer une méthode efficace et sécuritaire pour la cryopréservation des ovocytes qui est cliniquement applicable pour la préservation de la fécondité des femmes. Les objectifs spécifiques de cette recherche étaient d'étudier la cryobiologie des ovocytes à propos de : 1) l'effet toxique du cryoprotectant sur l'ultra-structures des ovocytes et le potentiel de développement des embryons; 2) la vitrification versus la congélation lente des ovocytes et leur effets sur la structure des ovocytes et le potentiel de développement embryonnaire; 3) la vitrification des embryons en utilisant le McGill Cryoleaf et son effet sur le développement embryonnaire et la fragmentation de l'ADN; 4) l'efficacité clinique de vitrification des ovocytes dans des études prospectives cliniques; 5) les effets de long terme de vitrification des ovocytes au niveau des résultats obstétriques et périnatals; 6) l'application clinique de vitrification des ovocytes pour la préservation de la fécondité des femmes. Le mélange de CPA de l'éthylène glycol (EG) et de 1-2 propanediol (PROH) a été trouvé d'être la combinaison la plus convenable pour la vitrification des ovocytes en donnant des résultats de développement embryonnaire supérieur et à un taux de fragmentation de l'ADN diminué. La vitrification des ovocytes en utilisant l

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Stubblefield, Shannon. "The nude female performer". Thesis, Mills College, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1562505.

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A live nude female performer can occupy a powerful identity equal to a man because she willingly places herself in front of an audience. She commits to this state of profound vulnerability as a means of gaining ownership of her body that men by virtue of their power in society take for granted. The female body occupies physical space, unlike how a body image seen on a television or in a magazine does. The actuality of the live female nude creates a transformation from the purely sexualized body to an authentic female nude body. This authentic female nude body, via her control of her physicality, is a “loud” and often rejected body. The acknowledgement of her authenticity is an acknowledgement of her power and this is common ground on which the female audience member and performer can relate intersubjectively. On the surface, it seems the most effective solution to eliminating objectification and this obstruction of the female body would be to take focus away from her body. Yet paradoxically, female subjects have altered these culturally shaped identity norms of objectification through nude performance, liberating the hyper-sexualized projections attached to the female body and replacing them with symbols of innocence, creativity and power.

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Bath, Eleanor. "Female aggression in flies". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3b7746e7-2c0d-46fc-a804-6978020f094f.

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Competition among individuals for access to resources crucial for survival and reproduction is ubiquitous across the animal kingdom. However, most research has focused on male-male competition over access to mates. Female-female competition (hereon "female competition") over resources vital for reproduction, such as food to provision offspring, nesting sites, or social dominance, has been largely neglected. In this thesis, I aim to contribute to the growing body of literature examining female competition by investigating female competition over food in two species of fly. start by assessing the role of an exaggerated secondary sexual trait (eyespan) as a signal in female competition in the stalk-eyed fly Teleopsis dalmanni. Sexual selection theory argues that females only possess exaggerated traits as a result of correlation with males and that they play no functional role. I find that eyespan is an honest indicator of condition but does not appear to function as a signal in either male or female intrasexual encounters, as previously argued. Next, I consider the effects of mating on female aggression in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. I find that mating doubles the amount of time females spend fighting over food. The ability to produce eggs is not required for this effect, but the receipt of sperm is essential. I also find that the magnitude of the effects of mating is determined by a female's developmental environment - mating significantly increases a female's chance of winning if she is raised at high larval density, but has no effect on her chances of winning if she is raised at low larval density. Finally, I find suggestions that variation in males and their ejaculates could alter levels of post-mating female aggression, suggesting that post-mating female aggression could potentially be under sexual conflict.

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Huang, Yaling. "Female leadership in Taiwan". Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998huangy.pdf.

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Spark, Andi. "Animatrix: Animating Female Experience". Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365369.

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This research explores the practice and context of animating female experience, specifically responding to the issue of postnatal depression. The interrelated hypothesis argues the definition of ‘animatrix’; a term that can be used to identify a particular approach to practice that is distinctly woman-centred or woman-created. In doing so, I address unfavourable conditions in the animation industry, both historically and continuing, that discourage an authentic female voice. This study takes an exploratory self-reflective practice approach wherein I examine my own and others’ experiences and responses to mental health issues surrounding childbirth. I correlate these to associated themes of the representation of adult women, social constructs and expectations of women as mothers, concepts of taboo and abjection, along with ideas of embodiment, memory, and fragmented storytelling. Coupled with this, I scrutinise practical and structural techniques used in animating; in particular, hand-drawn animation as opposed to the use of two-dimensional, cut-out, or rigged animating techniques or sculptural or digital three-dimensional model styles. This extends to incorporating haptic and tactile aspects of a drawing-based practice, integrated with theories of flow, to develop iterative digital screen-based artworks that can be displayed in multi-modal environments. Through a critical review of my multidisciplinary practice surrounding the field of animation, I identify key criteria that may be used to designate the honorific of Animatrix to a practitioner or practical outcome. This designation and attendant criteria serve to provide a launching point for further critical discussion from academics, practitioners, and the industry about the representation and contribution of women in animation.
Thesis (Professional Doctorate)
Doctor of Visual Arts (DVA)
Queensland College of Art
Arts, Education and Law
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Evans, Madisen Jade. "An All-Female Hamlet". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/510.

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Guadagnini, Cristina. "Aemilia Lanyer's female utopia". Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/759.

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Questa tesi è incentrata sull'unica opera di Aemilia Lanyer pervenutaci, Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum. La raccolta, pubblicata nel 1611 quando l'autrice aveva 42 anni, sembra avesse lo scopo di riallacciare i rapporti con potenti mecenati e di trovarne di nuovi. Il genere religioso era uno dei pochi considerati accettabili per delle scrittrici donne, ma la scelta della Lanyer è innovativa in quanto preferisce un tipo di opera religiosa originale alle più comuni traduzioni. La raccolta è attraversata da contraddizioni e tensioni, e infatti è segnata da continue oscillazioni tra la lode e la critica. Il primo capitolo analizza la struttura formale del Salve Deus, in particolare le varie le varie parti che compongono l'opera. Se ne possono identificare tre sezioni principali all'interno: un gruppo di nove dediche a possibili mecenati, una sezione piuttosto lunga che consiste nella narrazione della passione di Cristo, e un poemetto epidittico in lode di Cookham, il possedimento dove risiedevano occasionalmente Margaret e Anne Clifford, due tra le più importanti mecenati della Lanyer. La sezione centrale, per la sua posizione e la notevole lunghezza, era molto probabilmente considerata dall'autrice la parte principale dell'opera. Il secondo capitolo presenta un'analisi testuale del Salve Deus, fecalizzata soprattutto su metrica, ritmo e le principali figure retoriche riscontrate nell'opera. Il terzo capitolo identifica e analizza dicotomie e parallelismo in quanto figure retoriche dominanti nella raccolta, a livello formale, strutturale e tematico. Il quarto capitolo è incentrato sull'ultima parte del Salve Deus, cioè il poemetto epidittico 'The Description of Cooke-ham', in rapporto alle altre sezioni della raccolta. Lo scopo di questa parte della tesi è quello di segnalare gli elementi omogenei o devianti all'interno di 'Cooke-ham', scoprendo quindi (almeno in parte) la fitta rete di riferimenti che lega macrotesto e microtesto. Il quinto capitolo verte sull'identificazione dei vari generi riscontrabili nel Salve Deus, un'opera complessa e composita, mettendoli in relazione alla tradizione. La seconda parte di questo capitolo tratta parallelamente 'Cooke-ham' della Lanyer e 'To Penshurst' di Ben Jonson, con particolare riferimento al rapporto dei due poeti coi loro mecenati. Il sesto capitolo affronta un aspetto cruciale dell'opera della Lanyer, cioè la negoziazione del suo rapporto con le donne mecenati. I punti principali analizzati sono le ragioni della scelta di un numero così alto di mecenati (esclusivamente donne), il perché l'autrice abbia scelto in particolare quelle donne come possibili mecenati e le strategie messe in atto per 'adattare' le dediche alle destinatane. Salve Deus è un'opera singolarmente ambigua, poiché presenta, all'interno di schemi tradizionali dal punto di vista strutturale, tematico e formale, elementi con un alto potenziale sovversivo. Oggetto della seconda parte di questo capitolo è la veemente difesa delle donne che la Lanyer inserisce all'interno della narrazione della passione di Cristo. 'Eves Apologie' (L'Apologia di Eva) è infatti uno degli inteventi in favore delle donne più coraggiosi di questo periodo. In questa parte del capitolo, l'opera della Lanyer è messa in relazione ad altre difese delle donne dell'epoca, precisamente con i pamphlet di Rachel Speght, 'Ester Sowernam' e 'Constantia Munda'. Seppur rendendo il debito omaggio alle persone potenti, la Lanyer attua una critica piuttosto decisa delle soffocanti strutture sociali maschili, e anche dell'indifferenza e condiscendenza spesso dimostrata dalle nobili mecenati nei confronti di persone provenienti da un diverso ceto sociale (seppure appartenenti al loro stesso sesso). Da questo punto di vista, Salve Deus è quindi l'espressione allo stesso tempo delle critiche e dei desideri dell'autrice. E' l'utopia femminile della Lanyer. This work focuses on Lanyer's only extant work, the poem Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum. The collection was published in 1611, when the poet was 42, and was seemingly aimed at regaining contacts with powerful patrons, besides catering for new ones. Religious writing was one of the few genres deemed as acceptable for women writers, yet Lanyer was innovative in her choice to prefer original writing to the more usual translations. The poem is crossed by tensions and contradictions, especially when touching the poet's relationship with her patronesses, so much so that the work displays continuous oscillations between praise and criticism. The first chapter deals with the formal structure of Salve Deus, especially with the several parts composing the poem. Basically it is possible to identify three main sections within the work: a group of nine dedications in praise of prospective patronesses, a lengthy section narrating the passion of Christ, and an epideictic poem in praise of Cookham, a manor where Margaret and Anne Clifford (two of Lanyer's most important patronesses) occasionally resided. The title poem, of remarkable extension and set in central position, was very probably meant by the author as the core of her work. The second chapter presents a textual analysis of the poem, focused on metre, rhythm and on the main rhetorical figures in the poem. The third chapter treats and identifies dichotomy and parallelism as the governing figures in Salve Deus, both at a formal, structural and thematic level. The fourth chapter concentrates on the last section of Salve Deus, namely the epideictic poem 'The Description of Cooke-ham', in relation to the other parts of the collection. This chapter aims at detecting homogeneous or deviant features within 'Cooke-ham', and at uncovering (at least partially) the thick net of references tying macrotext and microtext. The fifth chapter tries to identify the several genres displayed by Salve Deus, a highly composite work, and links them with the tradition. The second part of the sixth chapter compares and contrasts Lanyer's 'Cookeham' with Ben Jonson's 'To Penshurst', paying particular attention to the treatment of patronage in the two estate poems. The sixth chapter faces a crucial aspect of Lanyer's work, namely the poet's negotiation of her relationships with her patronesses. The main points treated are the reasons why the poet chose to address such a large number of dedications to exclusively female dedicatees, the grounds for her choice of those particular women as prospective patrons, and the strategies used to 'adapt' the dedications to the addressees. Salve Deus is a singularly doublevoiced work, as Lanyer inserts within traditional frames (structural, thematic and formal), elements with a highly disruptive potential. The object of second part of this chapter is the astonishingly vehement defence of women inserted by Lanyer within the narration of the passion. 'Eves Apologie' is indeed one of the most spirited interventions in favour of women of this period. In this part of the chapter, moreover, Lanyer's poem is compared with other contemporary defences of women, precisely with the pamphlets by Rachel Speght, 'Esther Sowernam' and 'Constantia Munda'. While paying due homage to people holding power, Lanyer is considerably sharp in her critique of male suffocating social structures, but also of the aristocratic indifference and condescencence of noblewomen even toward the members of their own sex, if they do not belong to their social class. Seen in this light, Salve Deus is therefore Lanyer's expression of her stigmas and at the same time of her desires. It is Lanyer's female Utopia.

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Boije, Gerthy. "Mjuk, omsorgsfull och sexualförbrytare : - En studie om kvinnor dömda för sexualbrott". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för samhällsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-20174.

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Abstract There is a general perception that women are victims and men are the perpetrators of sexual offense. Female perpetrators of sexual crimes have been neglected in the research literature, because female sex offenders do not live up to preconceptions of female as motherly and caring. Females tend to be responsible for a very small portion of all crimes and are estimated to account for 1-2% of all sexual offenses. Theories use to discuss female sex offending include neutralization of behavior, mental health and feminist theory. The aim of the present study was to describe female sex offenders and examine the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim by analyzing court judgments. Convictions ( N=22) from the Swedish district courts, where female convicted of sexual crimes in accordance with legislation on sexual crimes during the years 2008-2013 were examined. Significantly more females (82%) denied the offenses they were charged off. The majority of the perpetrators had a relationship with the victims and carried out their crimes with a male accomplice. Of the 27 sexual crimes perpetrated, 63% of the victims were under 18 years old and were primarily female. Most women in this study were given a sanction of a non-custodial nature. Female sex offenders are a relatively unexplored group of sexual offense perpetrators. They do exist and sexual offending causes a great deal of harm to victims and society, so it is worth studying. Keywords: Female perpetrator, female criminals, sexual crimes, convictions, female.

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Mohabier, Icydor Aldale. "Empowering senior females by utilizing each female person's voice to create desired lifestyle options". unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11302006-214055/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.
Title from title screen. Layli Phillips, committee chair; Elizabeth Beck, Heying Zhan, committee members. Electronic text (91 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 20, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-61).

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Davis, Jessica K. "The prevalence of the components of the female athlete triad in college aged females". Connect to online version, 2009. http://www.oregonpdf.org/search-results.cfm?crit=catid&searchString=PH+1857.

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Lingelbach, Kembley Kay. "Perceptions of Female Cybersecurity Professionals Toward Factors that Encourage Females to the Cybersecurity Field". Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/1056.

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Despite multiple national, educational, and industry initiatives, women continue to be underrepresented in the cybersecurity field. Only 11% of cybersecurity professionals, globally, are female. This contributes to the growing overall shortage of workers in the field. This research addressed the significant underrepresentation of females in the cybersecurity workforce. There are many practitioner and industry studies that suggest self-efficacy, discrimination and organizational culture play important roles in the low rate of women in the cybersecurity field. A limited number of scholarly studies identify causal factors; however, there is not a general consensus or framework to explain the problem thoroughly. Moreover, there exists a significant gap in theoretical framework utilizing qualitative methods to demystify the complex factors of engaging females to pursue the cybersecurity field. This study utilized a grounded theory approach to interview twelve female cybersecurity professionals to discover their perceptions of the cybersecurity field. The participants revealed strategies that could encourage females to pursue the cybersecurity field. Data analysis included a data coding process and a constant comparative method of interview transcripts. This study identified four factors of engagement and one unexpected co-factor that are perceived to have an impact on decisions to pursue the cybersecurity field. The four factors identified were awareness, support, intrinsic and extrinsic values. The interesting find of the cybersecurity mindset profile factor that is perceived to enhance the success of career trajectory warrants additional research to discover the impacts on decision to pursue the cybersecurity field. This findings of this research gives women a voice in recommending strategies to encourage other females to pursue the cybersecurity field. The findings also aid in demystifying the complexity of the factors by organizing and categorizing them in a logical sense in order to present a theoretical model to encourage females into the field of cybersecurity. Moreover, this study provides holistic insight to academicians and practitioners in developing future cybersecurity professionals. Additionally, it adds to the body of knowledge by answering the call for that additional qualitative approaches in methodology by bringing data richness and to generate new theoretical frameworks in cybersecurity research.

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Paktin, Musakhan. "Female Participation in Paktia Teacher training college of Afghanistan : Obstacles for female participation". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-32343.

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The Government of Afghanistan is struggling to provide education facilities all over the country for both boys and girls. Many problems exist in girls’ access to education and girls generally participate less than boys. Gender disparity exists in rural as well as in urban areas of Afghanistan. The girls are expected to stay at home instead of taking part in education. The issue of girls’ non participation in education may have different reasons for example social, cultural, religious, and traditional origins. This study explores the views of female participants, their parents and the teachers about girls’ participation in Paktia TTC. 16 teachers, 38 students and 25 parents were interviewed through separate questionnaires about the obstacles for female participation in Paktia TTC as well as about the influence of GSP (Girls scholarship program) on female participation. This study is conducted in central TTC of Paktia province. In the result of this study it is found that among all the obstacles for girls’ security is a basic problem for girls to continue with their education. As well the study found that more than half of the teachers and girls interviewed mentioned distance between residence and TTC is also a big problem for girls to participate in TTC. Another finding of this study is that among all the personal involved in the study most parents which is about more than half of the parents told that the social pressure for girls is the basic problem as well as the traditions of the society have also affected the girls’ participation in Paktia TTC. More than half of the parents were also agreed that parents’ illiteracy is a big problem in girls’ participation because illiterate parents do not want their daughters to get education. As the purpose of this study is also to know about the influence of GSP (Girls’ scholarship program) on female participation. This grant motivate female participants to attend TTC but the study found that more than half of the teachers told that if there was no GSP the girls will continue but 25 parents most parents were agreed that the GSP grant is a contribution to their families. As well as 25% teachers told that the GSP grant has encouraged girls to attend TTC in Paktia province.

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Dombrowski, Fredrick B. "Differences in male and female counselors? attitudes toward male and female sex offenders". Thesis, Capella University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10150212.

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Counselors are members of the general public and, thus, are exposed to popular misperceptions about specialty populations, specifically sex offenders. Male and female counselors can be socialized to vary in their responses to sex offenses. Inaccurate assumptions about sex offenders and discrepancies in counselor attitudes towards clients can linger in the counseling environment impacting treatment. This quantitative survey study was conducted to assess the attitudes of male and female counselors towards sex offenders of both sexes. This study hypothesized that male and female counselors would differ significantly in their attitudes towards sex offenders and that counselors’ attitudes towards male sex offenders would differ significantly from attitudes toward female sex offenders. Participants completed the Attitudes Toward Sex Offenders Scale (ATS) in conjunction with reading a vignette about the relationship between an adult teacher and a high school student. A purposive sample of 202 counselors was obtained through national and state counseling organizations. Participants reviewed vignettes and completed the ATS online via Qualtrics. Data were analyzed with SPSS and ANOVA, indicating that male counselors had significantly more positive attitudes towards sex offenders than female counselors. Results also showed that both male and female counselors had more positive attitudes towards female sex offenders than toward male sex offenders; however, the difference in attitudes towards male versus female sex offenders was not statistically significant. The findings suggested that counselors are at risk for maintaining inaccurate assumptions leading to unhelpful treatment. The results can lead to improved trainings to counselors and counselor educators to provide education about the experience of specialty populations and to discuss internal counselor responses to such clients.

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48

Nebl, Patrick J. "The Effect of Female Orgasm Frequency on Female Mate Selection and Male Investment". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1416233956.

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Leeder, Jennifer. "Identifying the female collective : a literary study of female groups in Classical Athens". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22402.

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Although, in the last twenty-five years, scholarship on women in Antiquity has explored gender issues from all conceivable angles, there has been no single study devoted to the phenomenon of the female group in the ancient world. The preoccupation with the female group, however, requires some explanation. This thesis offers an original contribution to the study of gender in ancient Greece in two important ways. First, the focus is on women in groups, rather than on women as individuals in Classical Athens. Second, I use theoretical models drawn from social psychology, social anthropology and sociolinguistics to underpin the study. These disciplines help us both to explain the preoccupation with the female group in the literature of the Classical period, and also to demonstrate the possible existence of a shared women's world constituting interaction between females in groups in the daily life of classical Athens. In the thesis, I propose a way in which the frequency of activity and interaction of women on a daily basis in classical Athens (Part 2) is responsible for the abundance of negative references and stereotypical depictions of the female group in the literature of the period (Part 1). For if we follow social identify theory, and conceptualize the categories of free-born women and citizen men in Classical Athens as two separate social groups, rather than simply aggregates of individuals, the dynamics between them offer us some fascinating inter-group insights. On the other hand, the women's world was visible enough for the men of Athens to have been aware of its existence, but, on the other, they were excluded from it. According to social identity theory, people rely on dominant schemata or stereotypes to describe groups other than their own, especially when they lack detailed information about them. The myriad references to negative female groups throughout the literature of the Classical period are the result of such a lack of knowledge and anxiety on the part of the male-dominated society.

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Ahmed, Ishraq. "Regional Welfare and Female Schooling: Do Microfinance and Female Stipends Matter in Bangladesh?" OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1330.

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This dissertation aims to look at two facets of welfare: consumption and female schooling outcomes. We seek to evaluate the impact of microfinance on regional and household welfare and female stipends on female schooling outcomes. The first chapter examines the impact of Grameen Bank and BRAC on regional welfare in Bangladesh. Welfare at the sub-district level is measured in terms of household consumption, and then we examine how the presence of microfinance institutions affect regional welfare. The second chapter aims to evaluate the impact of the female secondary school stipend on female enrollment and to see whether the stipend has any effect on females continuing to be enrolled in secondary school and whether females complete more years of schooling. The third chapter aims to assess the impact of microfinance participation on the educational outcomes of girls, using the techinique of propensity score matching. Using enrollment data for 2010 and 2011, we attempt to see if MFI participation has impact on measures such as whether girls are currently enrolled in school and whether they have continuously been enrolled in school.

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