Rozprawy doktorskie: „Feeling of relative deprivation”

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Gul, Birsen. "Les effets de la privation relative sur l’engagement scolaire et l'estime de soi des adolescents : étude du rôle des facteurs sociaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UCFAL010.

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Partant du Modèle de Désengagement Psychologique (MDP) (e.g., Martinot et al., 2020; Tougas et al., 2005, 2010; Tougas & Beaton, 2008), ce travail de thèse examine les conséquences d’un contexte de privation relative sur le désengagement psychologique (discrédit des notes et dévaluation de l’école), les différentes dimensions d’engagement scolaire et l'estime de soi chez les adolescents. Notre hypothèse de départ est que les élèves vivant une expérience de privation relative (égoïste, personnelle ou fraternelle), en raison du comportement défavorable de l’enseignant (études 1 et 4), de leur appartenance à un milieu social défavorisé (étude 2) ou d’un rejet social de la part de leurs pairs (étude 3), devraient davantage se désengager psychologiquement et scolairement que les élèves ne vivant pas cette expérience ce qui en retour devrait nuire à leur estime de soi. L’étude 1 montre qu’une expérience imaginaire de privation relative en lien avec le comportement défavorable de l’enseignant, peut conduire à dévaluer l’école. L’étude 2 montre qu’une expérience de privation relative en lien avec l’appartenance à un milieu social défavorisé conduit au désengagement scolaire, via une diminution de la perception de contrôle. Le désengagement scolaire, en retour, affecte négativement l'estime de soi des adolescents. L’étude 3 montre l’expérience d’une privation relative en lien avec le rejet social par les pairs conduit au désengagement scolaire via une diminution du sentiment d’affiliation sociale. Le désengagement scolaire, en retour, affecte négativement l'estime de soi des adolescents. Enfin, l’étude 4 montre qu’une expérience de privation relative en lien avec le comportement défavorable de l’enseignant conduit au désengagement scolaire via une diminution de la perception de soutien social de la part des pairs. Le désengagement scolaire, en retour, affecte négativement l'estime de soi des adolescents. A travers ces 4 études, nous avons également pu mettre en évidence que toutes les expériences de privation relative n’ont pas les mêmes effets délétères. Ce sont les expériences de privation relative égoïste et personnelle qui conduisent à plus de désengagement et de baisse de l'estime de soi comparativement à une expérience de privation relative fraternelle. Enfin, une expérience imaginaire d’égalité entre tous les élèves est la situation qui permet le plus de protéger les élèves du désengagement scolaire ainsi que leur estime de soi. Dans l’ensemble, nos résultats ouvrent des pistes de réflexions intéressantes autour des ressources que peut procurer l’appartenance à un groupe, même si défavorisé, et notamment la présence de pairs lorsque les élèves font face à un contexte de de privation relative mais aussi autour des bienfaits d’un contexte égalitaire à l’école
Based on the Psychological Disengagement Model (PDM) (e.g., Martinot et al., 2020; Tougas et al., 2005, 2010; Tougas & Beaton, 2008), the present research program examines the consequences of a context of relative deprivation on psychological disengagement (discounting of academic grades and devaluing of school), different dimensions of school engagement, and self-esteem among adolescents. Our main hypothesis is that students experiencing relative deprivation (egoistic, personal, or fraternalistic), due to unfavorable teacher behavior (studies 1 and 4), belonging to a disadvantaged social background (study 2), or social rejection by peers (Study 3), should disengage more psychologically and academically than students not experiencing such deprivation. This should in turn should be detrimental to their self-esteem. Study 1 shows that an imagined experience of relative deprivation in conjunction with unfavorable teacher behavior can lead to devaluing of school. Study 2 shows that an experience of relative deprivation related to belonging to a disadvantaged social background leads to disengagement from school via a decrease in perceived control. Disengagement from school, in turn, negatively affects adolescents' self-esteem. Study 3 shows the experience of relative deprivation in conjunction with social rejection by peers leads to academic disengagement via a decreased sense of social affiliation. Disengagement from school, in turn, negatively affects adolescents' self-esteem. Finally, Study 4 shows that an experience of relative deprivation in conjunction with unfavorable teacher behavior leads to school disengagement via a decrease in perceived social support from peers. Disengagement from school, in turn, negatively affects adolescents' self-esteem. Through these 4 studies, we were also able to highlight that not all experiences of relative deprivation have the same deleterious effects. It is the experiences of egoistic and personal relative deprivation that lead to more disengagement and lower self-esteem compared to an experience of fraternalistic relative deprivation. Finally, an imagined experience of equality among all students is the situation that most protects students from academic disengagement as well as their self-esteem. Overall, our results open up interesting avenues for reflection on the advantages that belonging to a group can provide, even if the group is disadvantaged, and in particular the benefical presence of peers when students are faced with a context of relative deprivation. The same can be said for the benefits of an egalitarian context at school

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Teng, Fei, i 滕飛. "Feeling deprived : sexual objectification increases women's desire for money". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196016.

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Sexual objectification occurs when women’s participation in the society is represented merely by their bodies and thus women are deemed as mere tools to meet other’s desires (Bartkey, 1990). Sexual objectification happens frequently in women’s daily lives through media portrayals (e.g. Harper, & Tiggemann, 2008; Harrison & Fredrickson, 2003) and interpersonal encounters (e.g. Calogero, 2004; Tiggemann, & Boundy, 2008). Sexual objectification causes many negative outcomes to women. For example, objectified women suffer from negative emotions (e.g., shame and depression; Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997; Quinn, Kallen, & Cathey, 2006), impaired intellectual performances (Fredrickson, Roberts, Noll, Quinn, & Twenge, 1998), and decreased well-being and life satisfaction (Breines, Crocker, & Garcia, 2008; Mercurio & Landry, 2008). In the present investigation, I hypothesized that sexual objectification would lead women to feel that their personal growth and development are deprived which triggers an enhanced desire for financial resources as money. Consistent with my predictions, Study One showed that women’s trait self-objectification correlated positively with their materialism orientation. In Study Two, sexual objectification was manipulated by delivering appearance-related comments to female participants; and women’s desire for money was indexed by their donation intention to a student fund. It was found that sexual objectification increased women’s desire for money by decreasing the amount of money that women were willing to donate. In Study Three, a different paradigm was adopted to induce the feeling of objectification, specifically, participants viewed pictures that depicted women in a sexually objectified way. Then participants’ sense of deprivation as well as desire for money was directly measured to test the hypothesized relationship between objectification, deprivation and money desire. The results showed that women who viewed the pictures of objectified women reported stronger money desire and this effect was mediated by the perceived deprivation of personal growth and development. Study Four replicated the findings of Study Three by using a different paradigm (i.e. recalling past experience of being objectified) to induce the feeling of being objectified and thus provided further evidences for the hypothesized effect. Finally, using the same paradigm of objectification as Study Two, Study Five further substantiated the predicted relationship between sexual objectification, perceived deprivation and women’s money desire by showing that framing objectification experiences as beneficial to women’s personal growth and development was sufficient to remove the effect of sexual objectification on women’s desire for money. The five studies consistently demonstrated that sexual objectification induces a feeling of being deprived of personal growth and development in women, which further triggers a strong desire for money in women victims. These findings were discussed in terms of their implications on understanding women’s self-perception, intrinsic and extrinsic motivations as well as general mental health and well-being.
published_or_final_version
Psychology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Toizer, Barbara. "Perceived Essentialism, Group Relative Deprivation, and Collective Action". Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1486743133258512.

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Villasenor, Lopez Adrian. "Inequality, relative deprivation and human development outcomes in Mexico". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2015. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/56887/.

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Willis, Michael Anthony. "Relative deprivation and political conflict : a Northern Irish case study". Thesis, University of Ulster, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302764.

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Mohapatra, Siddharth <1969&gt. "Earnings management, human rationality, and relative deprivation : some critical assessments". Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1051.

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Although lawful, the widespread use of earnings management in financial reporting, as noted by Arthur Levitt (the former Chairman of the US SEC), gives reasons to believe that companies may be indulging in illegally manipulating earnings in stead of managing them prudently. What motivate it are not straightforward because the nature of human motivation is complex. Although, earnings management is deemed an intentional action, wherein company decision-makers use managerial discretions and judgements to achieve desired earnings numbers; yet nothing has been said beyond this. In this empirical study, based on a real case, using vignettes in a Web-survey as the method of investigation (i.e., a mix of qualitative and quantitative approaches); we have attempted to study relative deprivation – i.e., people’s reaction to objective situations depends on their subjective comparisons – as one of the causes behind decision-makers’ reasoning process to manipulate earnings. Our findings are mixed in the sense that while answering if relative deprivation causes earnings management to stray into earnings manipulations, the respondents have rendered varied levels of support to it under two different situations. Notwithstanding, we have some interesting findings as regards relative deprivation effecting manipulative earnings management practices that can potentially set the roadmap for future research on causal correlates behind managing earnings, including manipulating them.
Sebbene permesso, il diffuso ricorso all’”earnings management” nell’informazione di bilancio, come sostenuto da Arthur Levitt (former chairman US-SEC), porta a ritenere che le società possano indulgere in manipolazioni illegali dei profitti invece che gestirli con prudenza. Non è chiaro cosa causi questo comportamento perché la natura della motivazione umana è complessa. Earnings Management è considerata un’azione intenzionale in cui i decision-makers delle società usano giudizi e valutazioni manageriali per conseguire i valori di profitto desiderati, oltre questo niente è ancora stato detto. In questo studio empirico, basato su un caso reale, il metodo investigativo utilizza un approccio quali-quantitativo e si basa una web-survey che impiega “vignettes”; si è voluto indagare la ‘relative deprivation’ (la reazione delle persone a situazioni oggettive dipende dalle loro comparazioni soggettive) come una delle cause che nei processi decisionali conducono alla manipolazione dei profitti. Le nostre conclusioni sono incerte nel senso che gli intervistati nel rispondere se la ‘relative deprivation’ porta l’Earning Management verso la manipolazione dei profitti, hanno dato vari livelli di supporto ad essa in due diverse situazioni. Ciò nonostante ci sono conclusioni interessanti per quanto attiene all’influenza della ‘relative deprivation’ sulla prassi della manipolazione dei profitti che possono tracciare la strada per una future ricerca sulle correlazioni causali del management dei profitti, inclusa la loro manipolazione.

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Neuwenhuis, Bridgitte. "Relative deprivation and relative gratification as predictors of intergroup discrimination: can prejudice be reduced by equality?" Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/147.

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It has long been identified that relative deprivation increases prejudice. Guimond and Dambrun (2002) demonstrated that relative gratification, as the opposite of relative deprivation, is also an important variable in predicting intergroup discrimination. Guimond and Dambrun (2002), further suggest that in order to prevent destructive conflicts between groups, such as intergroup discrimination, the goal of equality rather than economic improvements has to be kept in mind. The present paper will report three experiments which aimed to replicate Guimond and Dambrun’s (2002) findings on relative deprivation and relative gratification and which further aimed to test their proposal that equality would reduce prejudice. The results of the three experiments confirmed the predicted effects of relative deprivation and relative gratification on intergroup discrimination. However, the results did not confirm that equality reduces prejudice. Methodological and theoretical reasons for these results are provided and discussed in detail.

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Beaton, Ann Marie. "Perceptions of women in management: Tokenism, relative deprivation and social change". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9584.

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Statistics indicate that women in management remain concentrated in junior levels while underrepresented in senior positions (Employment and Immigration Canada, 1992). Researchers have pointed to the effects of sex discrimination as responsible for women's slow progress into upper-management (Morrison & Von Glinow, 1990). Given this disadvantageous situation, the question remains: What activities do women managers initiative to improve their conditions in the organization? The purpose of the present study is to examine this issue while considering a significant situational factor: women's proportional representation. Moreover, the concept of relative deprivation was used to account for women's motivation to take an active role in the promotion of their personal and collective situation. Reactions from a total of 253 women managers were solicited. Univariate and multivariate analyses of variance uncovered four noteworthy findings: (1) greater personal deprivation was expressed among women managers who either perceived themselves as underrepresented or perceived the entrance of no new female recruits in their work group; (2) greater collective relative deprivation was reported among women who held high, rather than low personal relative deprivation scores; (3) the preferred group enhancement activity for women who expressed high, rather than low levels of collective deprivation was endorsement of employment equity programmes and (4) priority was given to the individual strategy, intention to leave, for women who expressed high, rather than low personal deprivation. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

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Horne, Adrienne. "The Effect of Relative Deprivation on Delinquency: An Assessment of Juveniles". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3667.

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This study examines the impact of relative deprivation on juvenile delinquency. Though this topic has been explored by several researchers, there has not been much consistency in the research due to the operationalization of key variables. Traditionally, relative deprivation has been referenced in relation to Merton's Classic Strain Theory, using economic indicators to measure relative deprivation. Webber and Runciman however, expanded upon Merton's original premise and integrated more diverse measures of relative deprivation into their research. The current study utilizes Agnew's General Strain Theory (GST) as a means to measure relative deprivation as a broader and more subjective topic. This unique approach in the study of relative deprivation utilizes aspirations as a primary measure of relative deprivation.
M.A.
Department of Sociology
Sciences
Applied Sociology MA

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Itashiki, Michael Robert. "Explaining “Everyday Crime”: A Test of Anomie and Relative Deprivation Theory". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103334/.

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Every day, individuals commit acts which are considered immoral, unethical, even criminal, often to gain material advantage. Many people consider cheating on taxes, cheating on tests, claiming false benefits, or avoiding transport fare to be wrong, but they do them anyway. While some of these acts may not be formally illegal, they are, at best, considered morally dubious and is labeled “everyday crime.” Anomie theory holds that individuals make decisions based on socialized values, which separately may be contradictory but together, balances each other out, producing behavior considered “normal” by society. When one holds an imbalanced set of values, decisions made on that set may produce deviant behavior, such as everyday crime. RD theory holds that individuals who perceive their own deprivation, relative to someone else, will feel frustration and injustice, and may attempt to ameliorate that feeling with deviant behavior. Data from the 2006 World Values Survey were analyzed using logistic regression, testing both constructs concurrently. An individual was 1.55 times more likely to justify everyday crime for each calculated unit of anomie; and 1.10 times more likely for each calculated unit of RD. It was concluded from this study that anomie and relative deprivation were both associated with the tendency towards everyday crime.

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Webber, Craig. "Toe-rags, droogs and artless dodgers : youth, crime and relative deprivation". Thesis, Bucks New University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251260.

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Horne, Adrienne D. "The effect of relative deprivation on delinquency an assessment of juveniles /". Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002710.

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Rangel-Gonzalez, Erick. "Do Mexican Americans have a relative advantage in health?" Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1133202795.

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Törngren, Fredrik. "Relativ deprivation och brottslighet i folkhemmets Sverige 2002-2012". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-95913.

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There is a known link between relative deprivation and street crime among market liberal countries. Although some research has been done with cross-national data, there is none to suggest that the observed link is as valid in a country well known for its extended welfare and generous social expenditure like Sweden. The following study uses longitudinal data to see if this recognized link between relative deprivation and street crime also stands in a country with almost a century long tradition of striving for social-, economic- and cultural equality. Even though Sweden, over the last decade, has been subjected to a series of deregulations due to policy changes at national level, and with a following rise in inequality, it is still considered to be one of the most equal countries in the west. It is therefore not unlikely that the high degree of social security will reduce the negative impact of relative deprivation on social relations among its citizens, perhaps enough so that the correlation will be significantly weakened. The results indicate that the negative impact of relative deprivation on social relations still remains evident, even with a high degree of social security, suggesting that an extensive welfare does not significantly reduce the negative effect of relative deprivation on social relations.

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Åberg, Yngwe Monica. "Resources and relative deprivation : analysing mechanisms behind income, inequality and ill-health /". Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-22-02109-4/.

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KRYGIER, Kamila Anna. "Relative deprivation, justice perceptions and forgiveness of victims in Poland and Uganda". Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/43.

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This study examines the question of how persisting economic and social inequalities between perpetrators and victims affect victims’ perceptions of justice and forgiveness in cross-cultural settings by applying the theory of relative deprivation. The hypothesis of this study is that inequalities trigger relative deprivation in victims, which in turn has a direct negative effect on forgiveness as well as an indirect effect via justice perceptions. Relative deprivation is defined as a consequence of a disadvantageous comparison with an outgroup. It includes the cognitive elements of comparing and perceiving the own outcome as less than deserved, as well as the affective components of anger and resentment. The comparison conditions applied in this study are economic status and social acknowledgement. In order to test the direct effect of relative deprivation on forgiveness, as well as the indirect effect via justice perceptions, vignette experiments were employed. The same causal relationships were tested with a survey to complement the experiment with a real-life setting. The studies were conducted in two culturally and historically diverse post-conflict settings, namely Poland and northern Uganda. To achieve a fuller picture of the similarities and differences between those settings this study made use of qualitative methods, such as open-ended questions and interviews. The regression analysis revealed consistent negative effects of relative deprivation on justice perceptions. The direct negative effects of relative deprivation on forgiveness are mostly significant but vary across both countries with regard to its different dimensions. As expected, a perception of justice contributes to forgiveness. Contrary to the theoretical predictions, victims experience varying degrees of relative deprivation in all experimental conditions except the one, where they are better off than the perpetrator. The qualitative findings revealed that an improvement of economic conditions is of utmost importance for the justice perceptions of most victims in both countries, as are apologies and remorse for forgiveness.

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Sellberg, Johanna. "One Step Forward, Two Steps Back : A minor field study of women in Nicaragua's perception of the law which criminalizes therapeutic abortion". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26164.

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This master's thesis is based on a Minor Field Study (MFS) and conducted in Nicaragua during seven weeks in the spring of 2011. Nicaragua has since 2006 been given international attention due to the National Assembly's decision to criminalize the previously allowed therapeutic abortion. The procedure could be used by women whose pregnancies turned out to be life threatening is now considered illegal and can result in years of imprisonment, both for women and doctors.This study focus upon the perception and opinions regarding this law among women living in Nicaragua. Distinction was made between women living in rural and urban settings. Further, women employed within organizations were chosen as a final group of interest. The aim of the study has been to explore if these women's perception have resulted in different levels of frustration and further how this variation in frustration can be explained. The study is mainly based on interviews conducted with these three groups of women. Relative deprivation was used as an analytical framework in order to explain how women's frustration could vary.It can be concluded that there were large differences in women's awareness and knowledge of the law and rural women appeared to have a rather small perceived frustration. The deprivation increased among women in urban areas, but became most intense among women active within organizations. The study has shown that religiosity, awareness and information about the law and its consequences, organization activity and to some extent level of education have the possibilities of affecting the level of frustration. The present frustration towards the law which criminalize therapeutic abortion is however not sufficient to cause collective violence or a similar reaction.

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Sakketa, Tekalign Gutu [Verfasser]. "Ethiopian Youth in Agriculture: Relative Deprivation, Well-being and Occupational Choices / Tekalign Gutu Sakketa". Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1174670908/34.

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Brown, Frederick Howard. "Relative deprivation, opportunity and crime : a study of young men's motivations for commiting burglary". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2421/.

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Empirical studies have attempted to measure the relative deprivation-crime relationship with varying degrees of success. These have generally focused on examining 'actual relative deprivation' by employing quantitative methods to aggregated, area based data. Operationalising actual relative deprivation in terms of disparities in household income, these studies have attempted to show a relationship between income inequality and crime at the area level. From this they have assumed that those with the lowest incomes are most likely to perceive relative deprivation and are therefore more likely to engage in crime as a result. However, few studies have examined actual and perceived relative deprivation at the individual level. This thesis set out to explore at the individual level whether those experiencing actual relative deprivation are more likely than others to perceive relative deprivation and to determine whether actual or perceived relative deprivation (if either) is a good predictor of criminality. The study employed two methodologies to explore these issues. Secondary analysis of the 1998 Youth Lifestyle Survey was conducted and forms the core of the empirical work presented here. A study of 50 convicted burglary offenders was also undertaken to explore perceived relative deprivation. Both methodologies are limited by the problems associated with operationalising relative deprivation and these are detailed throughout the thesis. The results show that perceived relative deprivation (especially relative deprivation of leisure pursuits) would appear to be associated with involvement in crime more often than actual relative deprivation at the individual level. However, neither would appear to be a good predictor of criminality when compared to other, 'tried and tested' measures. For those offenders where perceived relative deprivation may be relevant, the thesis suggests that the offending peer group may provide a powerful comparative reference group while at the same time providing a means to resolve such experience through engaging in crime. Drawing on the findings, the thesis develops alternative theoretical frameworks for how relative deprivation may be associated with crime at the societal and individual level and provides a critique of these frameworks.

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Jestl, Stefan, Mathias Moser i Anna K. Raggl. "Can't Keep Up with the Joneses: How Relative Deprivation Pushes Internal Migration in Austria". WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5417/1/WP_Mig_Inequality.pdf.

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We estimate the effect of regional income inequality on emigration rates of Austrian municipalities using a unique data set that is constructed We estimate the effect of regional income inequality on emigration rates of Austrian municipalities using a unique data set that is constructed based on individual level data from Austrian administrative registers. The register-based data contains information on the municipality of residence of all individuals aged 16 and over that have their main residency in Austria, as well as their income and socio-demographic characteristics. Aggregating this information to the municipality level allows us to assess the role of relative deprivation - a measure of relative income - on top of absolute income in shaping internal migration in Austria. We find that increases in relative deprivation in a municipality lead to higher emigration from the municipality. Allowing for heterogeneous effects across income, education, and age groups reveals that the effect is stronger among those with comparably low levels of income, and among low skilled and young individuals.
Series: INEQ Working Paper Series

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Schmidt, Jörg. "Relative Deprivation, Arbeitszufriedenheit und Betriebswechsel eine Analyse auf Basis von Linked-employer-employee-Daten". Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2007. http://d-nb.info/98636388X/04.

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Jammeh, Ebou. "What could be a peacemaking strategy based on relative deprivation and provention perspective in Casamance?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27342.

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The Casamance conflict for decades has been unable to produce a sustained peace settlement. This project utilised among others, the relative deprivation and basic human needs satisfaction theories respectively and concludes that the conflict is underpinned by relative deprivation, strongly felt and driven by the elite group. Both the current phase as well as in the past, the conflict has been driven and to an extent manipulated by these elite, motivated by self-empowerment. Masked under the struggle of a relatively deprived masses into collective violence, seeded in a classic social conflict of a type rooted in stereotyping, marginalisation and underdevelopment, primarily driven by basic human needs dissatisfaction expressed in terms of the levels of poverty. These stemmed in part from the colonial pass which set into motion the continuous suppression and segregation of the Casamance region. In particular, of the Diola ethnic identity thus, the conflict’s ethno nationalists dimension. This research presents a deprivation approach strategy to peace making, which among other factors includes addressing the socioeconomic and political causes of the conflict and also one that underscores the relevance of a credible third party involvement to resolving the dispute between a fractured MFDC and a reluctant Government of Senegal.

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Rashid, Md Mamunur. "How does relative deprivation cause people to condone political violence? A case study of Bangladesh". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1590603204872205.

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Florack, Melanie. "Wirkungen atypischer Beschäftigung auf Arbeitszufriedenheit und Organizational Citizenship Behavior eine Untersuchung aus der Perspektive der Netzwerkanalyse". München Mering Hampp, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000956547/04.

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de, Medeiros Ian. "KEEPING UP WITH THE JONESES: INCOME INEQUALITY'S EFFECT ON MENTAL HEALTH". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1501192214441628.

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Pearson, Julie Ann. "Perceived Deprivation in Active Duty Military Nurse Anesthetists". Also available to VCU users online:, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1784.

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Guillén, Fernández Yedith Betzabé. "Multidimensional poverty measurement from a relative deprivation approach : a comparative study between the United Kingdom and Mexico". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.723497.

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Mogotsi, Itumeleng. "Homophily, relative deprivation and customer service. Do perception of sameness and group comparative identification affect service quality?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64884.

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ÒYour colour matters when dining outÓ This was the experience of Sarita Ranchod, the Executive Director of Under the Rainbow when she wrote to City Press after dining out in Cape town (City Press, 2015). Her experience of service quality was appalling to say the least and she made a decision not to dine at certain restaurants because of the treatment she received at this particular restaurant. She was made to fill invisible and was not served while other people who happen to be Caucasian received preferential treatment, in one of Cape TownÕs restaurants. Thiru, on the other hand shared his experience of dining out in Centurion and wrote about this experience on the ÔBad ServiceÕ website, claiming that he had been subjected to Òsub-standard service with separate treatment for separate racesÓ (Bad Service. 2017). These two examples illustrate certain instances where members of the South African public have had poor service quality while visiting restaurants in the country (Bad Service, 2017; City Press, 2015).
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
nk2018
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted

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29

Svensson, Ludvig, i Erik Gerhardsson. "“…we don’t have our voice, our opinions, our decisions and all this needs to change…” : A qualitative study of Palestinian relative deprivation, participation in social movements and the perception of Israeli settlements and its settlers by Palestinian university students". Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Jönköping University, HLK, Globala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49437.

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The State of Israel’s control of the West Bank and their creation of settlements has led to feelings of frustration amongst the Palestinian population. The significance of the next generation in a conflict that has been ongoing for generations becomes crucial when aiming for peace, as the youth of today will be the adults of tomorrow. Therefore, this study researches how Palestinian university students perceives the Israeli settlements as well as examining whether if the Relative Deprivation Theory can explain these potential perceptions and the possible willingness amongst Palestinian students to participate in social movements. The methodology is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with ten Palestinian students from Bethlehem University, which then has been analysed. The results of this study indicate that the respondents feel deprived of seven different themes, namely (1) Demolition, (2) Economy, (3) Freedom of Movement, (4) Freedom of Speech, (5) Permits, (6) Resources and (7) Services. Furthermore, the result shows that nine out of ten respondents are, or have been, participating in activities to achieve social change. In addition to feeling deprived of the seven different themes, all the respondents also felt frustration and/or negative feelings towards the existence of Israeli settlements. The analysis focuses on how the respondents partake in social movements as well as what their opinions about the resistance activities are. It became clear that all the respondents feel, or have felt, a willingness to participate in activities to achieve social change. However, the respondents use different forms of activities, such as protesting in the streets, demonstrating, and/or raising awareness, but there is an overarching social movement which focuses on “the Palestinian cause”. Finally, this study supports the idea of Relative Deprivation Theory, as the willingness to partake in social movements seems to be high amongst the respondents due to them being deprived of essential services and resources.

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30

Cameron, Jameason. "The effects of food deprivation and weight loss on food hedonics and the relative-reinforcing value of food". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27719.

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Food is a primary reinforcer. There is strong evidence that when animals are chronically deprived of calories, the reward of a food stimulus becomes more salient. Recently leptin has been implicated in food reward. Typically the rewarding value of food is separated into the "liking" or pleasure/palatability component generated by the stimulus, and into the "wanting" or appetitive/incentive component. The goal of this current study was examine whether plasma leptin concentrations were related to food hedonics and food reinforcement in humans and to investigate the effect of food deprivation on these variables. Fourteen apparently healthy obese adults (n=9 women and 5 men; age=33.5+/-7.8) with BMI (kg/m2) between 30-45 were subjected to 8 weeks of caloric deprivation (-700kcal/day). Plasma leptin (ELISA), body weight and composition (DEXA), food reinforcement and food hedonics were measured pre- and post-intervention. Post weight loss palatability was rated significantly higher for the food reinforcers than that measured pre weight loss (p<0.01). No significant effect of the chronic food deprivation was noted for the reinforcing value of food. A significant negative correlation was observed between changes in palatability and those in body weight expressed as relative changes (r=-.62; p<0.05). No significant correlations were noted between changes in leptin and those in palatability or the reinforcing value of food. However, in a subgroup that lost the greatest percent of initial body weight (7-8%), food was more reinforcing post intervention (p<0.05). These findings demonstrate that chronic caloric deprivation can increase the subjectively rated palatability of preferred food items. The subgroup may be a caveat illustrating that a greater relative weight loss can lead to food becoming more rewarding.

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31

Larsson, Daniel. "Exposure to crime as a consequence of poverty : five investigations about relative deprivation, poverty and exposure to crime". Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Sociology, Umeå University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-832.

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32

Lopez, Rachel. "Migrant-Funded Development: The Influence of Mexican Hometown Associations on Development Indicators". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77015.

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This thesis examines development as a catalyst for the decision to migrate. Specifically, the two complementary theories of relative deprivation and social networks are examined to explore possible associations between level of household development and migrants' designation of savings or remittances towards development-related purposes and whether remittances are positively affected by migrants' participation in a hometown association (HTA). The study relied on data from the Mexican Migration Project (MMP), using the historical Mexican sending state of Jalisco. The MMP, using an ethnosurvey method, gathers data on individual migrant experiences, including border-crossing methods, jobs held, and participation in migrant hometown associations, amenities found in individual households, and available services in communities. No support was found for the first hypothesis, which predicted that relative deprivation was a catalyst of migration. Support was found for the second hypothesis, that migrant participation in HTAs, specifically in social clubs, positively influenced designation of savings or remittances for development-related purposes. This same support was not the case for migrant involvement in sport clubs. This thesis contributes to social network theory, pinpointing the positive effect that migrant participation in hometown associations has on designating money towards development.
Master of Arts

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33

Gleiser, Anna. "Why do Host Populations Turn against Refugees? : The Role of Knowledge Deficit and Relative Deprivation in Anti-Refugee Mobilisation". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385503.

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The numbers of people on the move, fleeing from conflict, persecution and violence is increasing and so is the level of violence against those most vulnerable persons. The question why host populations turn against refugees in liberal European democracies as isolated phenomenon has, to my knowledge, not experienced great academic attention. This study investigates what societal conditions need to be fulfilled in order for violence to occur. Deriving from previous research on anti-refugee violence in developing countries and right-wing violence, I suggest the following argument: A high level of knowledge deficit regarding refugees and a high level of relative deprivation causes a high level of insecurity among society, which makes persons more susceptible to anti-refugee mobilisation, making it effective and thus leading to violence. In order to test this hypothesis, I conduct a structured focused comparison, investigating Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia, two federal states within Germany. The first showing a high level of anti-refugee violence compared to the latter showing a low level of violence. The evidence found in the study shows some support for the proposed theory. A higher level of insecurity is prevailing in Saxony compared to North Rhine-Westphalia, yet the results are not as distinct as expected. Thus, more research is necessary in order to shed more light onto the phenomenon and develop countermeasures.

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34

Edwards, Michael. "Collective Political Violence in the North Caucasus: Chechen Conflict and Insurgency Analysis". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20765.

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This Bachelor thesis is a study of collective political violence in the context of the Chechen conflict which continues to this present day. The information gathered and analysed as well as the frameworks used in the analysis are taken from numerous academic texts written on the subjects of Chechnya, Terrorism and theories on conflict and conflict resolution. The Chechen conflict is a decade long intra-state conflict which has its roots in a separatist movement for secession following the breakup of the Soviet Union. The dynamics of the conflict has evolved throughout the years, maintaining many of its fundamental elements whilst at the same time transforming as new actors and dimensions emerge. Following an abductive approach, the analytical frameworks of John Burton and Ted Gurr as well as a theoretical perspective derived from Bruce Hoffman’s understanding of terrorism, have been used to recontextualise to information gathered through the selected academic texts relevant to the conflict. The aim of this recontextualisation is to attempt to identify hidden mechanisms that could be responsible for the occurrence of collective political violence in the context of Chechnya. Numerous deprivations of the Chechen people’s basic human needs can potentially lead to frustration being perceived through a sense of shared group interest identity. Elites can then use this identity to mobilize the discontented masses in order to obtain political power for themselves whilst achieving the goals of the group they claim to represent. Russia’s Counterterrorism strategy does not seek to address these grievances and therefore violence is likely to continue to occur.

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35

Bougie, Evelyne. "The cultural narrative of francophone and anglophone Quebecers and their perceptions of temporal relative deprivation : links with esteem and well-being". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85888.

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The thesis describes a program of research that investigated the over-riding hypothesis that a clear cultural identity is associated with positive personal and collective self-esteem, and positive personal well-being. The testing of this novel hypothesis required first and foremost that a reliable measure of cultural identity generally, and the clarity of a person's cultural identity in particular, be developed. To meet this goal Study 1 introduced an innovative method in a story-telling form, the "Cultural Narrative". The Cultural Narrative method is built on McAdams' (1996, 2001) Life Story Model for assessing personal identity. In order to verify its generalizability, this novel methodology was applied to two natural cultural groups: Francophone and Anglophone Quebecers. Results showed that for Francophones, a clear cultural narrative was associated with positive personal self-esteem and personal well-being, in support of the hypothesis. Unexpectedly, however, results showed that for Anglophones, a clear cultural narrative was associated with negative collective self-esteem, in complete opposition to the hypothesis. In order to theoretically refine the nature of the relationship between cultural identity clarity and individuals' esteem and well-being, Study 2 explored the historical changes in the relative ingroup status of Francophone and Anglophone Quebecers. Results indicate that when temporal relative deprivation patterns are such that the status of one's ingroup is perceived to be on the rise, cultural identity clarity is associated with positive personal well-being. In contrast, when one's ingroup trajectory is perceived to be on the downturn, cultural identity clarity is associated with a lack of personal well-being.

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36

Cole, Steven Michael. "Exploring Models of Economic Inequality and the Impact on Mental and Physical Health Outcomes in Rural Eastern Province, Zambia". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/241976.

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Structural adjustment measures adopted during the early 1990s considerably altered the rural landscape throughout Zambia. Households responded and continue to respond in a variety of ways, although many do so under highly inequitable terms. Poverty rates, food insecurity, and income inequality all remain unacceptably high in Zambia, particularly in rural areas. Using a biocultural and livelihoods approach, this alternate "publication in scholarly journals" format dissertation examines some of the complexities that condition livelihoods and differentially shape biologies in rural Zambia today. Three main problems are explored: 1) the relationship between food insecurity and adult mental health; 2) piecework (casual labor) as a coping strategy and indicator of household vulnerability to food insecurity; and 3) the association between relative deprivation and adult physical health. Research for the dissertation took place in a rural area in Eastern Province, Zambia in 2009. The research employed a mixed methodology, collecting qualitative and household-level survey data during the rainy and dry seasons. Various statistical analyses were utilized in the three papers appended to the dissertation. The results were further explored using the findings from the qualitative data. In paper one, a positive relationship between food insecurity and poor mental health was found. Food insecurity during the dry season had a greater effect on mental health than in the rainy season. In paper two, the results demonstrate the importance of piecework labor as a coping strategy and the need to adopt a multi-period lens to robustly assess whether participation in piecework reflects a household's vulnerability to food insecurity. In the third paper, a negative association was established between relative deprivation and adult nutritional status. Together, the results from the dissertation provide clear evidence that both the material and relative circumstances of people play important roles in patterning variation in mental and physical health outcomes in rural Zambia.

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37

Miething, Alexander. "Others’ income, one’s own fate : How income inequality, relative social position and social comparisons contribute to disparities in health". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-102669.

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The overall aim of this thesis is to contribute to a greater understanding of how social inequalities in health evolve causally and to explore the missing links between social position and health in different social and economic contexts. A premise in the thesis is that in affluent societies, not only material aspects and purchasing power linked to income and social positions are important explanations for the health of individuals, but also the relative socio-economic standards in society. The concept of relative income position was used to explore this notion across time and country contexts: A comparison of income-related health inequalities between the different welfare contexts of Sweden and Germany showed similar magnitudes in poor health. When exploring the role of absolute and relative income changes over time in Sweden, income volatility was found to influence individuals’ health. Another aim was to explore the specific social mechanisms reflecting intra- and interpersonal social comparisons and their role for health. Subjective measures of social position were found to capture non-material aspects of social positions. Self-rated class affinity revealed strong associations with health, particularly for women. Income satisfaction, predicting mortality, was shown to be a measure that accounts for internalized reference standards regarded as meaningful by individuals. Conceptually, the used subjective measures capture aspects of social comparisons and relative deprivation and further suggest that not the material dimension of social position alone matters for health. It is also shown that income satisfaction operates as a mediator between income position and mortality. Subjective measures such as income satisfaction and class affinity provide a plausible link in the understanding of how social inequality entails persistent effects on health and mortality.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.

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38

Sun, Yu. "Investigation of Causes and Evaluation of Programs: three applications of Health Economics". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78247.

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In chapter 1, a comprehensive meta-analysis is conducted to synthesize the effectiveness, cost, and cost-effectiveness of lifestyle diabetes prevention interventions and compare effects by intervention delivery agent and channel. Sixty-nine studies meet inclusion criteria. The results show that participants receiving intervention with nutrition education experienced a reduction of 2.07 kg (95% CI: 1.52 to 2.62; p<0.001; 95% CI: 88.61% to 92.87%) in weight at 12 months with effect sizes over time ranging from small (0.17, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.30; p=0.012; 95% CI: 80.42% to 91.14%) to medium (0.65, 95% CI: 0.49 to 0.82; p<0.001; 95% CI: 98.52% to 98.94). In sum, lifestyle interventions are effective in reducing body weight and glucose-related outcomes. Dietitian-delivered interventions achieve greater weight reduction compared to those delivered by other personnel. In chapter 2, this study attempts to examine the effects of household relative deprivation on children's health outcomes. A modified household production model is developed with energy intake, energy expenditure and a composite good as main inputs in the health production. A two-stage Stackelberg game facilitates the need to model the parent-child interaction which follows similar structure as You and Davis (2011). We use three measurements of relative deprivation based on per capita household income and four reference groups based on combinations of geographic and demographic characteristics. The results show that relative deprivation is negatively associated with child health. In chapter 3, we define "process benefits" as the direct effect on utility from engaging in an activity and examine how "process benefits" associated with food activities, both uptake and duration, are related to factors such as socio-economic status and demographics. A household production model is utilized to demonstrate the vital role of process benefits in home food production and the implications it will have for nutrition based policies targeting resources. The results display that the process benefits are associated with some demographic characteristics. This implies that shortfalls in food activities are not simply a matter of technology or resource shortfalls, but also reflect disutility associated from these activities which in turn will attenuate the impact of policies design to merely address resource shortfalls.
Ph. D.

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39

Abrahams, John A. "Ideological radicalization: a conceptual framework for understanding why youth in major U.S. metropolitan areas are more likely to become radicalized". Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/52941.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Reissued 5 May 2017 to correct misspelled Second Reader’s name on title page.
The number of disconnected youth, those ages 16 to 24 who are not in school and are not employed, has reached significant levels in the United States and Western Europe. This trend is coupled with the fact that more and more foreign fighters are joining Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in Iraq and Syria. In particular, Western youth have been the target of radicalization by ISIS and other terrorist groups, and the appeal and lure of such groups seem unlikely to subside. A similar trend is also evident among youth in Muslim countries where the number of foreign fighters to terrorist groups seems unlikely to decrease. According to recent estimates, over 28,000 foreign fighters have joined ISIS in Syria and Iraq since 2011. The fact that so many youth have been radicalized to join terrorist groups is a cause for concern that requires closer scrutiny, understanding, and action by Western and other governments. The explanations and motivations as to why youth join terrorist groups abound; these include lack of education, poverty, religion discrimination, family background, and political and economic marginalization, among others. This research seeks to answer the question, are the youth in the United States, who are disconnected, more likely to become radicalized to terrorism? To answer this, various theoretical frameworks were researched and examined, such as relative deprivation, social movement theory, and psychological perspectives, to shed light on understanding this issue.
Director, Personnel Support Services and Benefits, Transportation Security Administration

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40

Emilsson, Olof. "Teaching a Child to Walk : perspectives on the contemporary situation in Kosovo". Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1615.

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The purpose of this thesis is to achieve a greater understanding of the contemporary situation in Kosovo. This understanding is to be made concrete by viewing the international community’s and the domestic actor’s view of the root causes to the contemporary situation. First, the historical background and the contemporary political-, economical- and societal situation of the province are presented. Secondly follows the International Community’s- and the domestic actors stated view that is analyzed using the theories of Political Culture, Relative Deprivation and Human Needs.

The method that I have chosen is the qualitative together with Semi Structured Interviews that took place in Kosovo during spring 2007.

I find in my analysis that the view of the International Community and the domestic actors differ. The international community judge the root causes to be foremost the economy, historical legacy and unresolved status and that these have an Interest need based feature. The Kosovo Albanian elite deems that the economy, dual administration, living in a post-communist society and the unresolved status are the most important root causes. The Kosovo Serbs judge them to be lack of political stability and security, and the unresolved status. These needs are Value- and Human Need based to a greater extent than the International Community’s stated ones.

Keywords: Kosovo, International and Domestic Perspective, Relative Deprivation, Human Needs

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Raheemson, Farouk A. "Corruption and Conflict: A Phenomenological Study of the Experiences of Nigerian Citizens". NSUWorks, 2016. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/46.

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This qualitative phenomenological study was designed to gain an in-depth understanding of the lived experiences of Nigerian citizens on corruption and conflict. A review of the literature found a gap in the understanding of the lived experiences of participants on corruption and conflict in Nigeria, and this study was designed to fill that gap. Using a purposeful sampling method, the investigator targeted 20 Nigerian citizens who have experienced corruption and conflict. The phenomenological method provided the basis for a reflective structural analysis that exposes the meanings and essences of the lived experiences of the participants on corruption and conflict in Nigeria. Participant interviews showed that many Nigerians encounter bribery on a daily basis because of the following reasons: they were encouraged by a perceived culture of greed, a culture of impunity, a culture of impropriety and a culture of no accountability. All of the participants indicated the need to survive the harsh realities of living in Nigeria. The study revealed a broad variety of corruption and conflict situations in Nigeria. This dissertation adds value and richness to existing body of knowledge, which suggested to policy makers, advocates and civil society of the need to develop policies and strategies to stem corruption as part of a wider strategy for resolving the negative conflicts that currently characterize the socio-political and economic landscape of Nigeria. Overall, as part of the major contributions and objectives, this dissertation illuminated the psychological impacts of corruption and conflict in Nigeria. In other words, this research bridged the gap between the social structural understandings and impacts of corruption and the personal component.

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Arvan, Marijana L. "How Overqualification Impacts Job Attitudes and Well-Being: The Unique Roles of Perceptions and Reality". Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5903.

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The recent global economic downturn has stimulated a growing interest among scholars in how employees interpret and respond to the circumstance of being overqualified. However, the overqualification literature has been hindered by uncertainty regarding the extent to which employees’ perceptions of being overqualified are based in reality. The present study sought to address this concern by proposing and testing a theoretical model of objective overqualification, perceived overqualification, job satisfaction, and well-being using a cross-sectional sample of full-time employees who had recently graduated from college. Additionally, the present study investigated cognitive ability, achievement striving, and trait negative affectivity as potential moderators of several relationships delineated in the proposed model. Results indicated that the data were consistent with the proposed model, which argues that objective overqualification predicts employees’ perceptions of being overqualified, which creates feelings of relative deprivation and ultimately manifests in poorer job satisfaction and reduced well-being. Importantly, however, the pattern of relationships among study variables suggested that strain outcomes were mostly driven by perceived overqualification. Furthermore, employees’ perceptions of being overqualified appeared to be influenced considerably by unmeasured factors besides objective overqualification, potentially including dissatisfaction with other aspects of the job. There was no support for the hypothesized individual moderators. Overall, the study highlights the importance of taking a more nuanced approach to studying overqualification phenomena and cautions against the assumption that being objectively overqualified is a necessarily undesirable circumstance for individuals and their employers.

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Dyke, Heather. "Perceptions of Access to the Internet for the Blind: Psycho-Social Impacts". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37620.

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Presented through the lens of the Theory of Relative Deprivation (Tajfel & Turner, 1986), this thesis aims to establish and quantify the link between inaccessibility in online contexts for people with low-vision or blindness, and the psychosocial impacts that may be associated with this inaccessibility. As there is existing research on this topic with elderly participants (Lagacé, Charmarkeh, Zaky, & Firzly, 2016), the focus for this research was working-aged people. The following research questions were addressed: 1) Does perceived lack of internet accessibility lead to perceptions of unfairness among low-vision or blind individuals? 2) In turn, do perceptions of unfairness negatively impact their level of self-esteem, and civic engagement? The hypothesized results were modeled as lower levels of perceived access lead to lower levels of perceived fairness, which in turn, lower the levels of civic engagement and self- esteem. Using a sample of 69 participants between the ages of 21-65, a self-report questionnaire was administered. It was found that perceived fairness was correlated on three of four scale items with self-esteem levels; the perception of fairness was not correlated with civic engagement; civic engagement and self-esteem were significantly correlated; and perceived access was correlated with levels of self-esteem.

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44

Skogström, Lisa, i Madeleine Magnusson. "“We’re not living in America, but we’re not sorry!” : A study of television consumption and relative deprivation among Kenyan students in an urban and a rural area". Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-5424.

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The United States of America is one of the most powerful countries in the world and their broadcasting system has become a role model to the rest of the world. Since the US charge less for their media products in third world countries, it is cheaper even for poor countries to import American content than to purchase local products. The aim with our survey is to explore whether heavy consumers of American television programs in Kenya hold positive attitudes to the American lifestyle and experience feelings of relative deprivation as a result of this consumption. Comparisons are made between students in an urban and a rural area.

The theoretical framework for this study includes cultivation theory which investigates the effects of the values and behaviors of the television audience. It also includes relative deprivation, which is based on the assumption that people experience deprivation when they compare themselves with others – so called reference groups. In our case the reference group is the American lifestyle. A third theory used for this study is cultural imperialism which says that dominating, mainly western media corporations impose their cultural values on third world countries, as in this case, Kenya.

In this study we are using a quantitative survey based on questionnaires handed out to Kenyan students at two different universities, one in a rural and one in an urban part of Kenya.

Television is an important part of everyday life for Kenyan students and they consume more than we had predicted. We concluded that the respondents in our study generally have negative attitudes to their life and their country, but a more positive impression of life in the US. Relating these findings to the television consumption of the respondents, the students that watch American programs the most are students at the university in the urban area, and they are more positively disposed to Kenya, but more negative to the US, compared to the Egerton students in the rural area that generally do not favor American programs. These results do not support the theories chosen for this study. Based on our results, our conclusion is that the attitudes held by the USIU students do not originate from television consumption, but do most likely depend on other influences.

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45

Mörn, Marlene, i Josefina Strandh. "Ambulanspersonalens upplevelse av att vårda barn : en litteraturöversikt". Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-2927.

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Ambulanspersonal möter i sitt arbete många olika patienter, patienternas ålder varierar och så också de olika sjukdomstillstånden. En oro hos ambulanspersonal är att vårda sjuka och skadade barn. En känsla av otillräcklighet och att vårda två patienter samtidigt - barnet och dess anhöriga. En svårighet inom ambulanssjukvården är även att den medicintekniska utrustningen är anpassad för vuxna och inte alltid passar barn vilket gör att risker inom patientsäkerheten uppstår. Syftet med studien var att belysa ambulanspersonalens upplevelser av att vårda barn ur ett personcentrerat omvårdnadsperspektiv. Metoden som valdes är en litteraturstudie där 11 vetenskapliga artiklar från år 2007 till 2017 inkluderades från databaserna Pubmed, Cinahl och manuella sökningar i referenslistor. Både kvantitativa och kvalitativa artiklar har inkluderats. De inkluderade artiklarna har kvalitetsgranskats och därefter analyserats utifrån integrerad analys. I resultatet framkom tre kategorier som svarar på studiens syfte. Dessa var Känslomässiga upplevelser, Vård av två patienter - barnet och anhörig samt Behov av utbildning. Det framkom i resultatet att ambulanspersonalen upplevde känslor som stress och ångest vid larm gällande barn. Det framkom även att ambulanspersonalen upplevde svårigheter då de hade en känsla av att vårda två patienter, både barnet och deras anhöriga. Ambulanspersonalen upplevde att mer utbildning inom ämnet behövs. Slutsatsen var att mer utbildning behövs för ambulanspersonalen för att förbereda sig på att vårda barn. Med mer utbildning inom ämnet kan kompetensen förbättras och de känslor som ambulanspersonalen upplever vid dessa larm som exempelvis ångest och stress kan minskas.
Ambulance staff experiences many different patient meetings, different ages of patients and various conditions of illness. One anxiety of the ambulance staff is to care for sick and injured children. A sense of insufficiency to care for two patients simultaneously - the child and their relatives is always present. One challenge in ambulance care for children is also that the medical devices are designed for adults and do not always fit children, which means that risk for patient safety may occur. The aim was to describe ambulance staffs experiences of treating children from a patientcentred view. A literature review was chosen as a method in which the relevant articles were collected from the databases PubMed, CINAHL and from manual searches in reference lists. 11 articles published between 2007 and 2017 were included, including both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The included articles were quality-reviewed and then analyzed based on integrated analysis. The results demonstrated three categories in relation to the aim. These were emotional experiences, to care for two patients - the child and the relative and educational needs. Results indicated that ambulance staff experienced feelings such as stress and anxiety in the case of children's alarms. It was also found that ambulance staff experienced difficulty as they had a feeling of caring for two patients, both the child and their relatives. The ambulance staffs also expressed the need for more education in the subject. The conclusion suggests that more training is needed for the ambulance staff to prepare to care for children. With more education in the subject, competence can be improved and the feelings that ambulance staff experience in these alarms, such as anxiety and stress could be reduced.

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Lameck, Marylin K. "Citizens Experience of Inequitable Distributive Justice in Mineral Resource Revenues in Tanzania: A phenomenological Inquiry". Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/94.

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Tanzania’s natural resources are national resources for the benefit of all Tanzanian citizens (The Arusha Declaration, 1967). The liberalization of the Mining Industry in the mid-1990s sparked hope in the country that the socio-economic status of all citizens across the nation would improve as a result of the mineral resource revenues obtained by the Government of Tanzania. Contemporary literature on mining in Tanzania has mostly riveted on issues surrounding a triangular relationship between the mining girdle and its population, foreign mining companies, and the Government of Tanzania. Hardly any attention has been given to the non-mining rural districts where the poor majority reside. This qualitative study using a phenomenological approach explored the shared experiences of citizens living in non-mining rural districts and their ascribed meanings of inequitable distributive realities in mineral resource revenues in Tanzania. The study employed the theories of relative deprivation and human needs for the theoretical framework. Study findings revealed seven core essences: socio-economic insecurity, inequity and injustice, communication and trust, investment and technology, moral leadership and human capital, growth and a culture of dependency. Understanding these essences should help determine policies and practices that promote equitable distribution of not only mineral resource wealth but also in other types of natural resource wealth found in the country; allowing for a true/win-win tri-partnership relationship involving all stake-holders: Tanzanian citizens, foreign investors, and the Government of Tanzania.

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47

Fellman, Fredrika, i Maria Sääf. "To Harvest Development from Education in Agribusiness : A minor field study of the significance of higher education in agrieconomy on the development in northern Ghana". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-67243.

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To learn more about how higher education can contribute to economic development through the development of the business perspective in the agricultural sector, this study has been conducted from the point of views of students, graduates and lecturers of the Agribusiness program at the University for Development Studies, UDS, in Tamale, northern Ghana. Although several quantitative studies on the Ghanaian universities’ role for development have been conducted, there is a research gap within this qualitative field. From a social-constructivist perspective, it is crucial to understand the social context, why a qualitative research with open ended interviews proved to be beneficial. The findings have been analysed by the Capability Approach through the perspectives of Relative Deprivation and Knowledge Based Views of Organisations. The result of the study clarifies the importance of paying attention to the capability of the students, the farmers and the region where the higher education is offered. It is also clear from the result that there is a gap between the expectations of the students and the lecturers on the outcome of the education and the actual output. Hence, the Relative Deprivation theory served applicable for the Agribusiness program at UDS. Furthermore, the research reveals the significance of that the institutional conditions, such as financial institutions, are developed to enable the region to benefit from the education programmes.

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Hamill, Alexis C. "From Discrimination to Action: Understanding Empowerment in the Deaf Community". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1342307823.

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Fares, Rabie. "Impact de l’asymétrie de statut groupal sur les stratégies d’ajustement identitaire et comportemental : le rôle des processus cognitifs et situationnels dans la perception de la discrimination". Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100118/document.

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A travers cette thèse réalisée auprès des français d'origine maghrébine, nous avons essayé de déceler le rôle de certains processus cognitifs, affectifs et motivationnels qui peuvent conditionner la perception de discrimination en milieu professionnel et déterminer les stratégies d’ajustements mises en œuvre face à la privation de l’emploi. Dans une première étude (Etude1), nous avons essayé d’évaluer les effets directs ou indirects du statut « social acquis » sur la perception de discrimination au niveau individuel et groupal ; en ce sens, nous amorçons un questionnement quant à leurs répercussions sur l’estime de soi et les stratégies d’ajustement cognitives et identitaires. Dans la continuité des travaux sur l'ambiguïté attributionnelle (Crocker & Major, 1989), la deuxième étude (Etude 2) s’est intéressée aux effets émotionnels, cognitifs et comportementaux de l’activation de la situation de la discrimination face à l’emploi selon qu’elle est explicite ou ambiguë. Dans la troisième étude (Etude 3), qui s’est déroulée en deux phases, nous avons étudié les processus de perception de discrimination selon la source de discrimination (endogroupale vs exogroupale). Enfin, dans notre dernière étude (Etude 4), également en deux phases, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’impact du processus de comparaison (intergroupale vs intragroupale) sur la dévaluation du travail et la Croyance en un Monde Juste
Despite structural dimensions which are linked to the unchanging objective factors of discrimination, we have been focused on the issue of the cognitive, affective and motivational processes that condition the reactions of French citizens with Maghreb origins and their perception. The aim of the first study « Study 1 » was to evaluate the direct and the indirect effects of the « obtained social status » about the feeling of individual and group discrimination towards stigmatized people. In that way to initiate a reflection regarding their impact on the self esteem. Then, within the second study « Study 2 », we were inspired of the work on the attributional ambiguity (Crocker & Major, 1989) in order to interest us on the emotional and behavioural effects which cause explicit or implicit discrimination. Within the third study « Study 3 », in two phases we have studied the perception process according to the source of discrimination. This was carried out in two phases. Finally, in our last study « Study 4 », we were interested on the impact of the comparison impact made (intragroup vs intergroup) concerning the psychological withdrawal and the belief in a righteous world

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Fehser, Stefan. "Determinanten Gruppenbezogener Menschenfeindlichkeit". Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-132759.

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Die Arbeit setzt sich mit Abwertungsmechanismen und Ressentiments auseinander. Es wird ausgeführt, was unter Vorurteilen zu verstehen ist und welche sozialpsychologischen Prozesse damit einhergehen. Weiterhin wurden exemplarisch zehn verschiedene Vorurteilsformen vorgestellt sowie das Konzept Gruppenbezogene Menschenfeindlichkeit erläutert, wonach der Kern einer ‘Ideologie der Ungleichwertigkeit‘ als allgemeine Charakteristika ursächlich hinter allen Ressentiments steht. Ein starker Fokus wurde in dieser Arbeit auf eine Erforschung möglicher Ursachen von Vorurteilen gelegt. Neben einer Reihe von Theorien über den Einfluss soziodemographischer Charakteristika, wurden die Konzepte der Relativen Deprivation, des Autoritarismus und der Anomia ausführlich behandelt. Die empirischen Auswertungen belegen, dass Autoritarismus als zentrale erklärende Variable für das Vertreten von Vorurteilen zu verstehen ist. Zusammenfassend kann ausgeführt werden, dass Menschen mit geringem Bildungsgrad und Personen, die in Ostdeutschland leben, besonders stark dazu neigen autoritäre Einstellungen zu vertreten, was nahezu deterministisch mit der Abwertung von schwachen Gruppen einhergeht.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Feeling of relative deprivation”

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