Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Feeding and feeds

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Feeding and feeds”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 29 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Feeding and feeds"

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Buragohain, Rajat, i Kalidas Upadhyaya. "Economic Feeding of Pigs in Mizoram: A Field Study for Assessment of Nutritional Constraints and Identifying the Useful Local Feed Resources for Economic Feeding". International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 13, nr 4 (30.04.2022): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2022.2470.

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The study was conducted in the Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Aizawl, Mizoram during 2018-19. The objective of the research was to assess the nutritional constraints of feeding pigs in Mizoram and to put forward some solutions by identifying and utilizing local feed resources for economic feeding. Numbers of unconventional feeds were used for feeding pigs in Mizoram and fourteen among them were identified to be commonly used in day-to-day preparation of home-made cooked feed, which was the composite feed given to all categories of pigs. Constraints of the existing feeding practice were identified as high cost of conventional feeds, low dry matter intake causing deficient energy consumption, poor digestibility of nutrients when home-made cooked feed was fed, high tannin content of unconventional feeds. Except crude protein, apparent digestibility of dry matter, ether extract, crude fibre, nitrogen free extract and organic matter were low under the existing feeding practice. Based on nutrient contents, unconventional local feeds were categorized as protein and energy rich for substitution of conventional ingredients in ration formulation. Few rations with unconventional feeds substituting conventional ones suggested for grower and finisher pigs. Complete feed block of conventional and unconventional feeds was found acceptable to pigs. The study indicated the possibility of economic feeding of pigs by utilizing the local feeds keeping in view their nutritive and anti-nutritive contents and taking into consideration the constraints associated with nutrient intakes under the existing feeding management.
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Chandrashekhar, TS, HS Joshi, VS Binu, PR Shankar, MS Rana i U. Ramachandran. "Breast-feeding initiation and determinants of exclusive breast-feeding – a questionnaire survey in an urban population of western Nepal". Public Health Nutrition 10, nr 2 (luty 2007): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007248475.

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AbstractObjectiveTo assess rates of initiation of breast-feeding and exclusive breast-feeding within 2 months after delivery and to determine the factors influencing exclusive breast-feeding.DesignA health worker-administered questionnaire survey was carried out during the time period 1 August–30 September 2005.SettingImmunisation clinics of Pokhara, a submetropolitan city in western Nepal.SubjectsThree hundred and eighty-five mothers who had delivered a child within the previous 2 months.ResultsThe rates of initiation within 1 h and within 24 h of delivery were 72.7 and 84.4%, respectively. Within 2 months after delivery, exclusive breast-feeding was practised by 82.3% of the mothers. Breast milk/colostrum was given as the first feed to 332 (86.2%) babies but 17.2% of them were either given expressed breast milk or were put to the breast of another lactating mother. Pre-lacteal feeds were given to 14% of the babies. The common pre-lacteal feeds given were formula feeds (6.2%), sugar water (5.9%) and cow's milk (2.8%). Complementary feeds were introduced by 12.7% of the mothers. By logistic regression analysis, friends' feeding practices, type of delivery and baby's first feed were the factors influencing exclusive breast-feeding practice of the mothers.ConclusionsDespite the higher rates of initiation and exclusive breast-feeding, practices such as pre-lacteal feeds and premature introduction of complementary feeds are of great concern in this urban population. There is a need for promotion of good breast-feeding practices among expectant mothers and also the community, especially the families, taking into account the local traditions and customs.
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Nikiforov-Nikishin, Dmitry, Nikita Ilyich Kochetkov, Anna Alexandrovna BAKHAREVA, Aleksey Lvovich Nikiforov-Nikishin i Aleksandr Nikolaevich Nevalennyy. "A rainbow trout feeding behavior assessment (Oncorhynchus mykiss) when introducing a complex feed additive increasing digestibility". Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Fishing industry 2023, nr 3 (13.10.2023): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5529-2023-3-36-46.

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The potential to enhance the nutritional appeal of standard formulated feeds for rainbow trout by incorporating an additive with attractant and/or stimulant properties is demonstrated in the study. To assess the feeding behavior of the fish the evaluation algorithm was developed using a specialized setup with two feeding points, along with automatic video recording of the outcomes. The components within the feed additive (89% rapeseed oil, 4% hemp oil, 5% lycopene, and 2% cinnamyl aldehyde) not only aid in improving its palatability but can also have a positive influence on the fatty acid composition of the feeds. It was revealed that the feed additive (at quantities of 0.3% and 0.5%) significantly augmented the attractiveness of the feeds resulting in an increased number of fish congregating in the feeding area and an elevated consumption rate. The computation of the index of relative attractiveness allowed to identify a noteworthy disparity between the experimental and control feeds. The data obtained from the study can recommend the investigated comprehensive feed additive for enhancing the digestibility of standard fish feeds.
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Chagan, Farida Karim, Sidra Malik Fayyaz i Iram Saddiqa Aamir. "BREAST FEEDING OUTCOME". Professional Medical Journal 23, nr 06 (10.06.2016): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.06.1620.

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Objectives: To determine the prevalence of prelacteal feeding among mothers ofPakistan and to find out the various concepts behind this practice and fundamentally to establishthe association of prelacteal feeding with breastfeeding outcomes. Background: In Pakistan,many efforts have been done to emphasize the nutritional importance and adequacy of breastmilk for the newborns. Despite such efforts, it has been witnessed on multiple occasions thatprior to the commencement of breastfeeding, prelacteal feeds are introduced by the mothers totheir young ones. Prelacteal feed (PLF) are food supplements that are given to newborns orally.Design: Qualitative, descriptive, cross sectional Survey. Setting: The Lady Dufferin Hospital(LDH) and Jinnah Medical College hospital (JMCH). Methods: Study includes 400 Mothersincluding young mothers and data was collected with use of a pre-assessed authenticatedquestionnaire. Results: A large group of, both educated and uneducated, mothers knew aboutPLF administration (90.5%). Out of these, 70% mothers routinely give prelacteal feeds, withreadymade ghutti and honey being the most widely used supplements, 19.5% and 37.2%respectively .However their reasons for doing so differed significantly. Family tradition (27.8%)and religious credence (21.8%) are the most popular reasons for practicing prelacteal feeding.The other minor reasons are breast milk insufficiency, prevention of dehydration, hypoglycaemia,preparation of the gastrointestinal tract for digestion and to quench thirst. However, majorityof the subjects were aware of the benefits of breastfeeding and 99% mothers breastfed theirchildren. Conclusions: Regardless of the fact that mothers understand the significance ofbreast milk, most mothers routinely and unnecessarily give prelacteal feeds. Therefore, mothersshould be discouraged for the unsafely administration of prelacteal feeds and re-emphasizedabout the importance and nutritional adequecy of breastfeeding.
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Baran, Murat Sedat, Selçuk Altaçli, Oktay Kaplan i Suphi Deniz. "The Determination of Nutrient Value, Digestibility and Energy Levels of Compound Feeds Used for Ruminant Nutrition by in Vitro Methods". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, nr 7 (23.07.2017): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i7.832-835.1226.

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There are small number of tables that show digestibility and energy contents of compound feeds produced by feed factory in different regions of Turkey. Thus, in this paper, four different compound feed types (dairy cattle, beef cattle, calf and lamb growing feeds), totalling 78 compound feeds were analysed to determine their feeding value, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) digestibility and energy content (digestible energy (DE), metabolisable energy (ME) and net energy for lactation (NEL). As a result of this study, the crude fiber (CF) levels were higher than standard values in calf and lamb compound feeds and beef cattle compound feeds; however, in the dairy cattle and calf and lamb compound feeds, the crude protein (CP) values were lower than standard values. These findings are considered highly important for the region’s animal feeding. According to our results, the compound feeds for dairy cattle and lamb being used for ruminant nutrition in Diyarbakir Province of Turkey were found to have low nutrient qualities; however, in the calf feed both the metabolisable energy level and nutrient quantities were low.
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Chapple, D. G., K. P. A. Wheeler i G. Perrott. "Evaluation of sugar beet feeds and maize distiller's dark grains as supplements for pregnant ewes fed straw-based diets". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200597543.

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The feeding of lowland sheep on straw-based systems during pregnancy was developed at ADAS Rosemaund during the last decade (Davies and Chappie 1995). Results showed that ewe and lamb performance were satisfactory, providing adequate compound supplementation was fed. Whole barley and soya bean meal has been the standard ration, but feeds based on high protein molassed sugar beet feed (Probeet Trident Feed) and maize distiller's dark grains could improve palatability and be easier to feed. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects on ewe and lamb performance of feeding sugar beet feeds and maize distiller's dark grains to pregnant ewes on a straw-based feeding system.
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Chapple, D. G., K. P. A. Wheeler i G. Perrott. "Evaluation of sugar beet feeds and maize distiller's dark grains as supplements for pregnant ewes fed straw-based diets". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600033158.

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The feeding of lowland sheep on straw-based systems during pregnancy was developed at ADAS Rosemaund during the last decade (Davies and Chappie 1995). Results showed that ewe and lamb performance were satisfactory, providing adequate compound supplementation was fed. Whole barley and soya bean meal has been the standard ration, but feeds based on high protein molassed sugar beet feed (Probeet Trident Feed) and maize distiller's dark grains could improve palatability and be easier to feed. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects on ewe and lamb performance of feeding sugar beet feeds and maize distiller's dark grains to pregnant ewes on a straw-based feeding system.
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Huff, A. N., T. N. Meacham i M. L. Wahlberg. "Feeds and feeding: A review". Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 5, nr 2 (styczeń 1985): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0737-0806(85)80056-3.

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Jackson, Dorothy A., Stella M. Imong, A. Silprasert, S. Ruckphaopunt, M. W. Woolridge, J. D. Baum i K. Amatayakul. "Circadian variation in fat concentration of breast-milk in a rural northern Thai population". British Journal of Nutrition 59, nr 3 (maj 1988): 349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19880044.

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1. Twenty-five northern Thai mothers, breast-feeding their infants on demand, were studied in their homes for 24 h. All breast-feeds were test-weighed and pre- and post-feed expressed breast-milk samples (0·5 ml) taken at each feed.2. The fat concentration of milk taken during a feed showed significant circadian variation, with maximum values between 16.00 and 20.00 hours and minimum values between 04.00 and 08.00 hours. Fat concentration at the start and at the end of a feed also varied significantly over 24 h.3. Multiple regression analysis showed that the most important predictor of fat concentration at a feed was the length of time elapsed since the previous feed – the longer this interval, the lower the subsequent fat concentration. Other significant predictors were the fat concentration at the end of the previous feed, and the milk intake at the previous and at the current feed.4. Fat concentration declined between feeds in proportion to the length of time between feeds, but the decline was less between sleep feeds than between waking feeds. This would appear to be a reflection of the lower post-feed fat concentration and higher pre-feed fat concentration of sleep feeds compared with waking feeds, when other variables relating to feeding pattern are taken into account.5. The larger the milk intake at a feed, the greater was the increase in fat concentration from the start to the end of the feed. The change in fat concentration was less in feeds taking place during the sleep period than in daytime feeds.
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Afrizal, Wandi, Amri Amri, Abdullah Munzir i Harfiandri Damanhuri. "Feed Efficiency and Growth of Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vaname) with Commercial Feeding". International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 38, nr 1 (17.04.2023): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v38.1.5217.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of different commercial feeds on the growth and survival of Vannamei shrimp. The research was conducted in March to June 2022 at the Marine and Brackish Water Cultivation Fisheries Center, IV Jurai District, Pesisir Selatan District, West Sumatra Province. The research method used was an experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments to be carried out in this study were: Feed A: Feeding with brand X = 100%; Feed B: Feeding with brand Y; Feed C: Feeding with brand Z. The parameters observed in this study were fish survival, absolute length growth, absolute weight and specific growth rates. The data obtained will be analyzed using analysis of variance to see the effect of treatment on test parameters. Based on the results of the analysis of variance showed that feeding with different commercial feeds had a significant effect on absolute weight and specific growth rate of vanname shrimp (P<0.05). However, different commercial feeds had a significant effect on absolute length (P>0.05).
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Feeding and feeds"

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Crots, Frans (Francois Engelbertus). "The effect of feed processing techniques on weanling piglet performance". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53106.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Starch is the main component of cereal grains and is usually the primary energy source for pigs and poultry. Feed manufacturing can adopt several measures, including physical treatments such as milling or pelleting and other techniques, such as enzyme treatment, to disrupt cell structure. Grinding and pelleting are the most common food processing methods used for pigs. However, pelleting of complete balanced feeds is no longer such an economical proposition due to rising energy and equipment costs; therefore this cost has to be outweighed by an increased production efficiency. It has been known for many years that grinding is an essential prerequisite for the satisfactory blending of the ingredients of a multi-component food. Feed cost represents the major item in the cost of animal production. Without doubt, research and production efforts will continue to refine feed processing techniques to reduce the cost of feed and to increase the value of feed for a target animal. The possibilities for improvements in feed are endless; however the cost of each innovation must be carefully weighed against demonstrated improvements in animal performance. Experiment 1: The effect of feed processing techniques on weanling pig growth-performance The effects of processing of the carbohydrate source and the feed on growth performance of commercial Landrace x Large White piglets (n=480) weaned at 28 ± 2 d were investigated. Two processing combinations of the carbohydrate source were used with 3 processing conditions of the diet in a 2 x 3 factorial design. The pigs were blocked by weight (7.196 ± 2.03 kg BW) and then allotted randomly to 1 of 6 dietary treatments. Ten pens of 8 piglets each were fed with each dietary treatment. The two main processing conditions of the carbohydrate source were raw or extruded maize and the 3 processing conditions of the diet was meal or pelleted or extruded. No carbohydrate processing x diet processing interactions were observed (P > 0.05) for ADG, ADFI or FeR. In this experiment, extrusion of the maize led to an significant decrease in FeR efficiency (P < 0.05) (1.57 vs. 1.42) when compared to a raw maize diet. Pelleting a diet had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on ADG but tended to decrease ADFI (P < 0.07) and significantly improve FeR efficiency (1.49 vs. 1.66) when compared to a meal diet. Extruding the whole diet did not have any significant (P > 0.05) effect on ADG but tended to decrease ADFI (P < 0.07) and gave an significant improvement in FeR when compared to a meal diet (1.34 vs. 1.66). This processing technique also gave a significant improvement (P < 0.01) in FeR when compared to a pelleted diet (1.34 vs. 1.49). Experiment 2: The effect of pig feed processing conditions on pig metabolism parameters The effects of processing of the carbohydrate source and the diet on certain metabolism and production parameters of commercial Landrace x Large White pigs (n=24) were investigated. Two processing combinations of the carbohydrate source were used with 3 processing combinations in a 2 x 3 factorial design. Six diets were formulated on an iso-nutrient basis (14.48 MJ/kg metabolizable energy (ME), 23.01 crude protein (CP), 1.092% lysine, 0.742% methionine and cystine and 0.271% tryptophan on a DM basis). The pigs were blocked by weight (26.02 ± 0.25 kg BW) and then allotted randomly to I of 6 dietary treatments. The carbohydrate source was raw or extruded maize and the diets was meal or pelleted or extruded. No carbohydrate processing x diet feed form interactions were observed (P > 0.05) for dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestible energy (DE), Nitrogen (N) or dry matter intake (DMI). In a metabolism and nitrogen (N) balance study, apparent N digestibility, digestible energy and metabolizable energy contents were found not to be significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by carbohydrate or diet processing.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Stysel is die hoof komponent in grane en is gewoonlik die primêre verskaffer van energie vir varke en pluimvee. Voermeulens kan verskeie metodes implementeer, insluitend fisiese behandeling soos bv. maal, verpilling en ensiem behandelings, om sel struktuur te verander. Maal en verpilling is die mees algemene prosessering metodes wat vir varkvoer gebruik word. Maar, verpilling van totaal geballanseerde voere is nie meer so ekonomies geregverdig nie as gevolg van stygende energie en masjinerie koste. Daarom moet die koste van voervervaardiging oorbrug word deur 'n verhoogde produksiedoeltreffendheid. Dit is al lankal bekend dat maal 'n voorvereiste is vir effektiewe vermenging van grondstowwe van 'n multi-komponent voer. Voerkoste verteenwoordig die hoof item van die koste van intesiewe diereproduksie. Voedingskudiges sal sonder twyfel voortgaan om voerprosessering te verfyn om so die koste van die rantsoen te verlaag en om die waarde van die rantsoen te verhoog vir die dier. Die moontlikhede is veelvuldig, maar die koste van elke ontwikkeling moet opgeweeg word teen verhoogde diereproduksie. Eksperiment 1: Die effek van voerprosesserings-tegnieke op speenvark groei en produksie 'n Proef is uitgevoer om die prosesseringseffek van 'n koolhidraat bron en voer op die groei van Landras x Groot Wit speenvarke (n=480) wat gespeen is op 28 ± 2 d te bepaal. Twee prosesserings-kombinasies van die koolhidraat bron en drie prosesserings-kondisies van die dieet is in 'n 2 x 3 faktoriaal ontwerp uitgevoer. Die varkies is geblok volgens massa (oorspronklik 7.196 kg ± 2 kg) en toe ewekansig in I van 6 dieët behandelings ingedeel. Die proefdiëte is vir lO hokke varkies gevoer, elke hok het 8 varkies in gehad. Die twee hoof prosesserings-kondisies van die koolhidraat bron was rou of gaar mielies en die drie prosesserings-kondisies van die dieët was meelof gaar of geëkstrueer. Geen koolhidraat prosesserings x dieët prosesserings interaksie van die dieët was opgemerk (P > 0.05) vir gemiddelde daaglikse toename (GOT), gemiddelde daaglikse voer inname (GDVI) of voer omset doeltreffendheid (VOD) nie. In die eksperiment was die VOD van die geëkstrueerde mielie dieët, statisties betekenisvol laer (P < 0.05) (1.57 vs.1.42) as die rou mielie dieët. Verpilling van die dieët het geen statisties betekenisvolle effek (P > 0.05) op GDV! gehad nie, maar die VOD was statisties betekenisvol (P < 0.05) beter (1.49 vs. 1.66) wanneer dit met die meel dieët vergelyk word. Ekstrusie van die dieët het geen statisties betekenisvolle effek op GOT en GOVI gehad nie, maar die VOD was statisties betekenisvol (P < 0.05) beter wanneer dit met die meel (1.34 vs. 1.66) en verpilde dieët (1.34 vs 1.49) vergelyk word. Eksperiment 2: Die effek van voer prosessering op vark metabolisme parameters 'n Eksperiment is uitgevoer op Landras x Groot Wit bere (n=24) om die effek van prosessering van 'n koolhidraat bron en voer te bepaal. Twee prosesserings-kombinasies van die koolhidraat bron en drie prosesserings-kondisies van die dieët is in 'n 2 x 3 faktoriaal ontwerp uitgevoer. Ses diëte is geformuleer op 'n iso-nutriënt basis (14.48 MJ/kg metaboliseerbare energie (ME), 23.01 ru-proteïen (RP), 1.092% lisien, 0.742% metionien and sistien en 0.271 % tryptofaan op 'n droeë materiaal (DM) basis). Die varke is geblok volgens massa en ewekansig aan 1 van 6 diëte toegeken. Die koolhidraat bron was gaar of rou mielies en die diëte was meel, verpil of geëkstrueer. Geen koolhidraat-prosessering x dieet interaksie is opgemerk (P > 0.05) nie. In 'n metabolisme en stikstof (N) balans-studie is daar gevind dat DM verteerbaarheid, skynbare N verteerbaarheid, verteerbare energie (GE) en ME inhoud nie beduidend deur die behandelings beïnvloed word nie.
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Lee, Cheuk-hung, i 李卓雄. "Microbial contamination of enteral feeds". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245596.

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Beattie, Tara Kate. "Microbial contamination of enteral tube feeds and feeding systems". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417337.

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Browman, Howard I. "Feeding behaviour in fry of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63129.

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Van, Niekerk S. J. (Sarel Johannes). "Actual and predicted performance of broiler chickens". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49817.

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Assignment (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and profitability of different dietary specifications for broiler chickens slaughtered at 35 days of age. Two trials were performed to evaluate different production parameters. The results of these trials were compared to the predicted results of the EFG broiler model. No carcass data were available for the two trials mentioned above. Therefore, in order to evaluate the accuracy of the broiler model when predicting carcass characteristics, two published data sets (Leeson et al., 1996a) were used. Predicted and actual values were compared, evaluated and discussed. Two broiler trials were performed. In Trial One the amino acid density decreased throughout the range of three treatments from prestarter to finisher diets. In Trial Two the amino acid density decreased only in the four finisher diets. The main difference between predicted and actual results was the response to body weight. The model predicted a steady increase in feed intake to compensate for the lower dietary specifications while body weight did not change significantly. This increase in feed intake seems to be enough to maintain body weight. Trial birds also increased their feed intake as dietary amino acid density decreased, but this compensation seemed to be too low to maintain body weight compared to the control diet. The birds may find it easier to compensate when they have time to adapt to the specification. There is evidence in the literature that birds need seven days to adapt their feed intake to a lower feed specification (Leeson et al., 1996a). It can be speculated that the trial birds started to loose body weight due to a lower amino acid intake in this period. The model seems to adapt feed intake immediately after a change in diet specification. The simulation on literature data lead to the following conclusions: 1) Broilers posses the capacity to increase their feed intake with at least 65% should finisher diets with lower amino acid and energy concentrations be supplied. If only the energy concentration of finisher diets were decreased, the increase in feed intake will be around 30%. (see Table 16 and 23) 2) The accurate prediction of feed intake from the given dietary specification has a major influence on the accuracy of the prediction of broiler performance. 3) Amino acid density and DLys:ME ratio plays a significant role in the control and prediction of feed intake. The EFG broiler model is based on sound scientific principles. The model is comprehensive and can be used for a wide range of environmental and management conditions as well as dietary conditions. The nutritionist can use the model with confidence to assist in practical feed formulation. The actual strength of the model lies in the time and money being saved compared to practical trials.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om die prestasie en winsgewendheid van braaikuikens te bepaal wanneer voere met verskillende digthede tot op 35 dae gevoer word. Twee eksperimente is uitgevoer om produksieresultate te evalueer. Die resultate van hierdie eksperimente is met die voorspelde waardes uit die EFG simulasie-model vergelyk. Aangesien geen karkasdata vir bogenoemde eksperimente beskikbaar was nie, is twee gepubliseerde datastelle gebruik om hierdie deel van die model te evalueer (Leeson et al., 1996a). Twee braaikuiken eksperimente is uitgevoer. Eksperiment Een het uit drie behandelings bestaan waarvan die aminosuur-konsentrasie vanaf dag een tussen behandelings verskil het. In Eksperiment Twee het die aminosuur-konsentrasie net in die vier afrondingsdiëte verskil. Liggaamsmassa op 35 dae het die grooste verskil tussen voorspelde- en werklike waardes getoon. Beide voorspelde en werklike innames het in albei eksperimente verhoog soos wat aminosuur-konsentrasie afgeneem het. Voorspelde liggaamsmassa het egter konstant gebly terwyl werklike data 'n afname in liggaamsmassa getoon het. Dit bleik dat die voorspelde toename in innames voldoende was om massa te onderhou terwyl die voëls in werklikheid nie genoeg gekompenseer het nie. Leeson et al., 1996a het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat braaikuikens minstens sewe dae benodig om hul voeriname by 'n nuwe spesifikasie aan te pas. So 'n stadige aanpassing kan daartoe lei dat energie- en aminosuur-inname daal indien 'n dieet met laer spesifikasie gevoer. Dit sal daartoe lei dat die kuikens liggaamsmassa verloor. Uit die literatuur simulasies is die volgende afleidings gemaak: 1) Braaikuikens besit die vermoeë om voerinname in die afrondingstyd met minstens 65% te verhoog indien 'n afrondingvoer met laer amiosuur- asook energiekonsentrasie gevoer word. Indien net die energiekonsentrasie verlaag word, sal die inname met sowat 30% verhoog. 2) Die akkurate voorspelling van inname is krities vir die akkurate voorspelling van produksieparameters. 3) Aminosuur-digtheid en DLys:ME speel 'n belangrike rol in die beheer en voorspelling van voerinname by braaikuikens. Die EFG braaikuikenmodel is op suiwer wetenskaplike beginsels geskoei. Die model is omvattend en kan vir 'n wye reeks van omgewings- en bestuurstoestande asook dieet-spesifikasies gebruik word. Die voedingkundige kan die model met vertroue gebruik om met praktiese voerformulering by te staan. Die model kan die formuleerder baie tyd spaar aangesien praktiese eksperimente ingeperk kan word.
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Nolte, Joubert van Eeden. "An evaluation of degradable protein and nonprotein nitrogen on intake and digestion by Dohne merino sheep fed wheat straw". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51597.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa, like many other developing countries throughout the world, has a rapidly growing human population, resulting in a consequent increased demand for food. Ironically, this increased food supply has to be produced on a smaller area of available agricultural land, which means that agricultural production processes have to become more efficient. Furthermore, the majority of the people in these countries are unschooled and poverty is a common phenomenon. Therefore, animal scientists are faced with the challenge and the responsibility to provide affordable, high quality food to these people. One way of reaching this objective is to improve the utilisation of low-quality, high roughage feedstuffs like crop residues and dry natural grass pastures. In the winter rainfall area of South Africa alone, about 460 000 ha of wheat straw are annually available. The ruminant animal has the ability to utilise the relatively unavailable energy (cellulose, hemi-cellulose and pectin) in the fibre component of these low-quality forages. Unfortunately, various factors, of which a N deficiency is the pre-dominant one, limit the utilisation of these feedstuffs. If the ability of the ruminant to utilise low-quality, fibrous energy sources is improved, these abundantly available and relatively inexpensive crop residues and natural pastures can be converted into high quality protein food for human consumption. Therefore, in order to rectify the N deficiency caused by these low-quality forages, the supplemental N requirement to optimise the fermentation and digestive processes of the ruminant animal has to be determined. The first study was conducted to determine the supplemental rumen degradable protein (RDP) requirement, to maximise the digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) of Dohne Merino sheep fed wheat straw. Keeping the high cost of natural protein supplementation in mind, the purpose of the second study was to determine the amount of true protein that can be replaced by nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) in RDP supplements fed to Dohne Merino sheep consuming wheat straw. In both trials animals had ad libitum access to low-quality wheat straw (3.2% CP; 74.2% NDF) and water. In the first trial, RDP (calsium caseinate: 90% CP; 100% rumen degradable) was intraruminally administered at 07hOOand 19hOO,at the following levels: 0, 40,80, 120 and 160 gld. Intake, fermentation and digestion were monitored to determine the RDP requirement to maximise DOM!. Digestible organic matter (OM) intake displayed a quadratic increase with elevated amounts of RDP (P < .01), and was maximised at an estimated 3.15 g RDPlkg BW·75 or 11.6% of DOM. Forage OM intake tended to increase quadratically (P = .15) with higher RDP levels. Microbial nitrogen (MN) flow to the duodenum and microbial efficiency increased quadratically (P ~ .04) and fluid dilution rate tended to increase in a quadratic manner (P = .15) with increased RDP supplementation levels. Rumina! ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations increased linearly (P ~ .07), while rumen pH exhibited a variable response to increased RDP levels (cubic; P = .08). Increasing RDP supplementation to Dohne Merino wethers consuming wheat straw, generally enhanced forage utilisation and DOM!. In the second trial, urea replaced different levels of casein N on an isonitrogenous basis, ranging from 0 - 100%. Since true protein is much more expensive than urea, the purpose of this study was to determine the maximum natural protein level that can be replaced by urea in RDP supplements, without adversely affecting intake and/or fermentation and digestive processes. The control treatment provided all of the RDP in the form of calcium caseinate (90% CP; 100% rumen degradable). The percentages of supplemental RDP from urea in the other treatments were 25, 50, 75 and 100%. The 100% urea treatment was balanced with maize starch to contain 40% CP and all other treatments received the same amount (150 gld) of starch. Intake of forage OM showed a weak decreasing trend (linear; P = .16) with increasing urea levels. Ruminal digestibilities of OM and NDF were not affected (P ;;::.:18) by urea level. Increasing urea levels resulted in linearly reduced total tract OM and NDF digestibilities (P ~ .10). As a result, DOMI declined (linear; P < .01) with increasing proportions of urea. Effects of increasing urea proportions on duodenal N flow, microbial efficiency and fluid dilution rate were minimal. Ruminal NH3-N tended to increase quadratically with increasing urea levels (P = .l4). Total VFA concentration decreased linearly (P = .03), while rumen pH increased in a linear manner (P = .08) with increasing urea proportions. Branched-chain volatile fatty acids (BCVFA's) and valerate decreased linearly (P ~ .05) with increasing urea levels, while other VFA's and the acetate:propionate ratio were generally not affected by treatment (P ;;:::.16). It appears as though ruminal and total tract OM and NDF digestibility criteria, as well as DOMI reached maximum values at substituting 25% of casein for urea. It is therefore concluded that replacing 25% of casein with urea in RDP supplements, will maintain effective utilisation of low-quality forages by sheep.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ontwikkelende lande, insluitend Suid-Afrika, word gekenmerk deur 'n vmmge bevolkingsaanwas. Dit lei tot 'n verhoogde vraag na voedsel, wat op 'n gevolglik kleinerwordende beskikbare kommersiële lanbbou-area geproduseer moet word. Die doeltreffendheid van produksieprosesse in die landbousektor moet dus noodgedwonge verbeter word. Die oorgrootte meerderheid van die bevolkings in ontwikkelende lande is ongeletterd en armoede en hongersnood is soms 'n algemene verskynsel. Veekundiges word dus gekonfronteer met die uitdaging en verantwoordelikheid om bekostigbare, hoë kwaliteit voedsel aan hierdie mense te voorsien. Een van die mees doeltreffende metodes om hierdie probleem aan te spreek, is om die benutting van lae kwaliteit, hoë-vesel voerbronne, bv. oesreste en droë grasweidings te verhoog. In die winterreënstreek van Suid-Afrika alleen, is 460 000 ha koringstrooi jaarliks beskikbaar. Herkouers beskik oor die besondere vermoë om die relatief onbeskikbare energie (sellulose, hemi-sellulose en pektien) in die veselkomponent van hierdie lae kwaliteit voere te benut. Verskeie faktore, waarvan 'n N-tekort die mees prominente is, beperk egter die benutting van hierdie voerbronne. Die uitdaging is dus om die herkouer se vermoë om hierdie voere te benut, te optimaliseer. Sodoende word 'n geredelik beskikbare, onderbenutte en relatief goedkoop voerbron omgeskakel in hoë kwaliteit proteïen vir menslike gebruik. Die N-aanvullingsbehoefte om die fermentasie- en verteringsprosesse van die herkouerdier te optimaliseer moet dus bepaal word, sodat die N-tekort in herkouers, wat soortgelyke weidings benut, reggestel kan word. Gevolglik was die doel met die eerste proef om die behoefte aan rumen degradeerbare proteïen-(RDP)-aanvulling, vir die maksimum inname van verteerbare organiese materiaal (VOM) van Dohne Merino skape wat koringstrooi ontvang, te bepaal. Weens die hoë koste van natuurlike proteïenaanvulling, was die doel met die tweede proef om die hoeveelheid ware proteïen in RDP-aanvullings, vir Dohne Merino skape wat koringstrooi ontvang, wat met nie-proteïen stikstof (NPN) vervang kan word, te bepaal. In beide eksperimente het die diere ad libitum toegang tot koringstrooi (3.2% RP; 74.2% NBV) en water gehad. In die eerste proefis RDP (kalsiumkaseïnaat; 90% RP; 100% rumen degradeerbaar) teen 07hOOen 19hOOintraruminaal toegedien, teen die volgende peile: 0, 40, 80, 120 en 160 gld. Inname, fermentasie en vertering is gemonitor om die RDP behoefte vir die maksimum inname van VOM te bepaal. Verteerbare OM-inname het 'n stygende kwadratiese tendens (P < .01) getoon met verhoogde RDP-peile en het 'n maksimum bereik by 'n aanvullingspeil van 3.15 g RDPlkg metaboliese liggaamsmassa (LM·75 ) of 11.6% van VOM. Organiese materiaalinname vanaf koringstrooi het geneig om kwadraties toe te neem (P = .15) met verhoogde RDP-peile. Mikrobiese stikstof-(MN)-vloei na die duodenum en mikrobiese effektiwiteit het kwadraties toegeneem (P :::;.;04) en vloeistof deurvloeitempo het 'n neiging vir 'n kwadratiese toename (P = .15) met verhoogde RDPpeile getoon. Rumen-ammoniakstikstof (NH3-N) en vlugtige vetsuur-(VVS)-konsentrasies het lineêr toegeneem (P :::;.;07), terwyl rumen pH 'n wisselende reaksie (kubies; P = .08) met stygende RDP-peile getoon het. Verteerbare OM-inname en benutting van koringstrooi is verbeter deur stygende peile van RDP aanvulling by Dohne Merino hamels. In die tweede proef is kaseïen op 'n iso-stikstof basis met verskillende ureumpeile, vanaf o - 100%, vervang. Omdat ureum baie goedkoper is as natuurlike proteïen, was die doel van die tweede proef om die hoeveelheid natuurlike proteïen in RDP-aanvullings te bepaal wat met ureum vervang kan word, sonder om inname, fermentasie en vertering te benadeel. Die kontrolebehandeling het 100% van die RDP in die vorm van kalsiumkaseïnaat (90% RP; 100% rumen degradeerbaar) voorsien, terwyl ureum in die ander behandelings onderskeidelik 25, 50, 75 en 100% van die kaseïen-N vervang het. Die 100% ureumbehandeling is met mieliestysel tot 40% RP gebalanseer en dieselfde hoeveelheid stysel (150 gld) is by al die ander behandelings ingesluit, om moontlike effekte van stysel op rumenfermentasie te elimineer. Organiese materiaalinname vanafkoringstrooi het 'n swak dalende tendens getoon met stygende ureum insluitingsvlakke (lineêr; P = .16). Rumenverteerbaarheid van OM en neutraal bestande vesel (NBV) is nie deur die ureumpeil beïnvloed nie (P ;;:: .18). Toenemende ureumpeile het gelei tot 'n lineêre afname in totale kanaal OM en NBVverteerbaarheid (P ~ .10). Gevolglik het VOM inname lineêr afgeneem (P < .01) met stygende ureum insluitingspeile. Die effek van behandeling op duodenale N-vloei, mikrobiese effektiwiteit en vloeistof deurvloeitempo was minimaal. Rumenammoniakstikstof-( NH3-N)-konsentrasie het 'n stygende kwadratiese tendens getoon (P = .14) met toenemende ureum peile. Totale vlugtige vetsuur-(VVS)-konsentrasies het lineêr gedaal (P = .03), terwyl rumen pH lineêr toegeneem het (P = .08) met stygende ureum insluitingsvlakke. Vertakte ketting VVS' e en valeriaansuurkonsentrasies het lineêr gedaal (P ~ .05) met stygende ureumpeile, terwyl die ander VVS' e en die asynsuur:propioonsuurverhouding oor die algemeen nie deur behandeling beïnvloed N; nie (P ;;:: .16). Dit blyk asof VOM inname, sowel as rumen- en totale kanaal verteerbaarheidsmaatstawwe, by 25% vervanging van kaseïen-N met ureum-N 'n maksimum bereik het. Die gevolgtrekking is gemaak dat die doeltreffende benutting van lae kwaliteit ruvoere deur skape, gehandhaaf sal word deur 25% van die ware proteïen in RDP-aanvullings met ureum te vervang.
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Thomson, Douglas Edward. "Determination of the effects of fish size and feed pellet size on the settling characteristics of Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) culture cleaning wastes". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26649.

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This research reports on the determination of the effects of fish size and feed pellet size on the settling characteristics of Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) culture, tank cleaning wastes. Flocculant particle settling curves (Type II) were developed from settling column analysis of cleaning wastes from 11-311 gram Rainbow trout fed a moist pellet diet (Oregon Moist Pellet ®). Four feed pellet sizes were investigated: 3/32, 1/8, 5/32 and 3/16 inch. Overall non-filterable residue removal curves and individual particle settling velocity distribution curves, derived from the Type II settling curve of each fish size and feed pellet size group, were compared. Slopes and y-intercepts of the linearized overall non-filterable residue removal curves and individual particle settling velocity distribution curves were compared using the Equality of Slope Test (S:SLTEST). Results of the test for a common regression equation indicated there were no significant differences in the proportional distribution of particle sizes within the cleaning wastes. Variations observed in the initial rates of removal within the overall non-filterable residue removal curves were considered insignificant Settling trials were pooled in order to obtain single curves, characterizing the overall solids removal rate and the individual particle settling velocity distribution of the waste solids.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Fontana, Eddy Alejandro. "Effects of various male feeding regimens on reproduction in broiler breeders". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43750.

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A study was conducted using commercial broiler breeders with the males fed a diet containing, either 120/0 or 140/0 protein and body weight maintained at either 900/0 or 1000/0 of that recommended by the primary breeder (fed separately), or allowed to eat from the female feeders (controls). Female feeders in the separately fed pens were equipped with especially designed grills, which denied access to the males. The male feeder in these pens was elevated so that females were denied access.

Males fed separately (body weight 90% or 1000/0, and dietary protein 120/0 or 140/0) had a significantly higher percentage fertility (4.20/0) than males allowed to eat with the females. No differences in percentage fertility were found among the four separately fed groups. No differences were noted in percentage hatch of fertile eggs among any of the treatment groups.

Males eating from the female feeders had significantly heavier body weights and testes weights at 65 weeks of age than breeder males in the separately fed, groups. Mean body weights were 3819g and 4773g at 35 weeks of age, and 4192g and 5443g at 65 weeks of age for males eating separately and eating with the females, respectively. Furthermore, males in the control group had significantly larger breast angle measurements when compared with the separately fed males. No differences were observed in foot scores and semen concentration among males in the various treatment groups.


Master of Science
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9

Leung, Stanley. "The effect of clinoptilolite properties and supplementation levels on swine performance /". Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82276.

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Clinoptilolite is a zeolite and an aluminosilicate that can be fed to swine in order to reduce nutrients being excreted because of their molecular sieving properties, high cation exchange capacities, and a high affinity for the ammonium ion (NH4+). Preliminary research has been carried out on utilizing zeolite's unique characteristics for dietary supplementation for livestock, however much of this research is limited and is still in its infancy.
The results from this study show that the zeolite with a particle size distribution either >250 mum or mixed (50% particles greater and smaller than 250 mum) adsorbed the most NH4+. Macro mineral and heavy metal release was similar among all particle size distributions tested, but varied between sources of zeolite. Handling properties of zeolite were not affected by moisture content or particle size. The feed trial indicated that zeolite supplementation, combined with a low crude protein and energy diet and at an inclusion level of 4%, showed potential as a feed additive in swine diets for the purposes of nutrient reduction. Nevertheless, zeolite seemed to have a greater impact on energy ingestion, as compared to crude protein. Even at 6% zeolite inclusion in the feed, hog muscle, kidney and liver tissues showed no significant increase in heavy metal contents, as compared to those fed any zeolite.
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Wan, Yonghong 1966. "Metabolic effects of zeolite as natural feed supplement for grower pigs". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84085.

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The rapid growth of Canadian pork industry has been challenged by its negative impact on the environment. To find an economical and promising solution to the environmental problems, 4% zeolite (90%+ clinoptilolite) were supplemented to a regular (100% crude protein (CP) and energy) or low CP and energy (90% CP and 90% energy or 90% CP and 85% energy) grower pig diets. Twenty male and twenty-four female grower pigs were used in two feeding experiments respectively, followed by a metabolic test with three batches of animals repeated to determine the metabolic effects of zeolite supplementation. Pig performance (body weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio), and metabolic parameters (manure mass, feed intake, protein and energy conversion, as well as dry feed and organic matter retention) were evaluated. Zeolite supplementation at 4% to a regular diet for grower pigs had a positive but not significant (P > 0.05) effect on all pig performance and metabolic parameters, compared to the regular diet without zeolite. Among 4 rations, pigs on a regular diet with 4% zeolite performed consistently best throughout the entire trail, with decreased average daily consumption and reduced amount of feces, increased feed and organic matter retention in the gastrointestinal tract, improved feed as well as protein and energy conversion, and enhanced body weight gain. Moreover, zeolite supplementation at 4%, with 90% CP and 90% energy in grower pig diets, improved feed and protein and energy conversion rate, and increased body weight gain, when compared to those of pigs fed a regular diet without zeolite. However, a diet of 90% of CP and 85% of energy with 4% zeolite significantly (P < 0.05) increased feed consumption and the amount of feces produced, and decreased feed and organic matter retention in the gastrointestinal tract, thus reducing feed conversion rate. Therefore, 4% zeolite supplementation to the regular or low CP and energy (90% C
Key words. Clinoptilolite, Pig, Pig Performance, Metabolic Parameter.
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Książki na temat "Feeding and feeds"

1

Perry, Tilden Wayne. Feeds & feeding. Wyd. 6. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 2003.

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1914-, Cullison Arthur Edison, i Lowrey Robert S. 1934-, red. Feeds & feeding. Wyd. 6. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 2003.

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Gordon-Watson, Mary. Feeds and feeding. Buckingham: Kenilworth, 1994.

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Cullison, Arthur Edison. Feeds and feeding. Wyd. 4. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1987.

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5

Perry, Tilden Wayne. Feeds and feeding. Wyd. 5. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1999.

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Robertson, George. Poultry feeds and feeding. Ottawa: J. de L. Taché, 1997.

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7

Church, D. C. Livestock feeds and feeding. Wyd. 3. Englewood Cliffs (N. J.): Prentice-Hall, 1991.

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8

Church, D. C. Livestock feeds and feeding. Wyd. 2. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1986.

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9

Kellems, Richard O. Livestock feeds and feeding. Wyd. 6. Boston: Prentice Hall, 2009.

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Kellems, Richard O. Livestock feeds and feeding. Wyd. 4. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1998.

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Części książek na temat "Feeding and feeds"

1

Lukefahr, Steven. "Feeds and feeding." W Rabbit production, 107–24. Wyd. 10. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249811.0008.

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Abstract This chapter discusses the nutrient requirements; feed formulation; feed composition of clovers, grasses, lucerne, concentrates, grains, feed supplements and feed additives; feed processing and feeding of rabbits.
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Tucker, Craig S., i Edwin H. Robinson. "Feeds and Feeding Practices". W Channel Catfish Farming Handbook, 291–315. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1376-3_11.

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3

Dryden, Gordon McL. "Digestion of feeds." W Fundamentals of applied animal nutrition, 19–34. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394453.0003.

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Abstract In this chapter the feeding behaviour and digestive physiology, digestive tract function-intrinsic and microbial digestion; functions and anatomy of the digestive tract in animals are discussed.
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Hawkey, Kerensa, John Brameld, Tim Parr, Andrew Salter i Heidi Hall. "Suitability of insects for animal feeding." W Insects as animal feed: novel ingredients for use in pet, aquaculture and livestock diets, 26–38. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245929.0004.

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Abstract This chapter explores the nutritional composition of insects and the potential benefits and drawbacks for their inclusion into pet, poultry, pig, ruminant and aquatic animal feeds. Six species are most commonly described for use in animal feed, namely black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) larvae and prepupae, yellow mealworm (YM; Tenebrio molitor) larvae, superworm (SW; Zophobas morio) larvae, lesser mealworm (LM; Alphitobius diaperinus) larvae, house fly (HF; Musca domestica) larvae and house crickets (HC; Acheta domesticus). The nutritional composition, variability observed due to manipulation of feed source, age, developmental stage and suitability for inclusion into animal feed are compared.
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Mpairwe, Denis, i David Mutetikka. "Improved feeding for dairy cattle and poultry in smallholder crop-livestock systems." W Sustainable agricultural intensification: a handbook for practitioners in East and Southern Africa, 106–18. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800621602.0008.

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Abstract This chapter describes how cropping systems can be used to supplement feeds to increase dairy and poultry yields. It completes the concept of on-farm integration of crop, livestock and natural resources technologies necessary for sustainable intensification on smallholder farms. The different processes that utilize different feed sources to produce better-quality feed rations for dairy cows and poultry are also discussed.
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Boni, Zofia. "“My mum feeds me, but really, I eat whatever I want!”". W Feeding Children Inside and Outside the Home, 107–23. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315206974-7.

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Vohnout, K., i C. Jimenez. "Supplemental By-Product Feeds in Pasture-Livestock Feeding Systems in the Tropics". W Tropical Forages in Livestock Production Systems, 71–82. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub24.c6.

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Robaina, Lidia, Juhani Pirhonen, Elena Mente, Javier Sánchez i Neill Goosen. "Fish Diets in Aquaponics". W Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 333–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_13.

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AbstractFish and feed waste provide most of the nutrients required by the plants in aquaponics if the optimum ratio between daily fish feed inputs and the plant growing area is sustained. Thus, the fish feed needs to fulfil both the fish’s and plant’s nutritional requirements in an aquaponic system. A controlled fish waste production strategy where the nitrogen, phosphorus and mineral contents of fish diets are manipulated and used provides a way of influencing the rates of accumulation of nutrients, thereby reducing the need for the additional supplementation of nutrients. To optimize the performance and cost-effectiveness of aquaponic production, fish diets and feeding schedules should be designed carefully to provide nutrients at the right level and time to complement fish, bacteria and plants. To achieve this, a species-specific tailor-made aquaponic feed may be optimized to suit the aquaponic system as a whole. The optimal point would be determined based on overall system performance parameters, including economic and environmental sustainability measures. This chapter thus focuses on fish diets and feed and reviews the state of the art in fish diets, ingredients and additives, as well as the nutritional/sustainable challenges that need to be considered when producing specific aquaponic feeds.
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Goddard, Stephen. "Feeding Methods". W Feed Management in Intensive Aquaculture, 117–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5861-3_7.

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Goddard, Stephen. "Feeding Methods". W Feed Management in Intensive Aquaculture, 117–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1173-7_7.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Feeding and feeds"

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SKVORCOVA, Lyudmila, i Natal'ya ChURSINA. "Influence of the level of electrolytes in the diets of young quails on their productivity". W Multifunctional adaptive fodder production 29 (77). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-29-77-196-200.

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Increasing or decreasing the sodium level relative to the control does not adversely affect the level of safety of the livestock and the appetite of the birds. At the same time, feeding quails with compound feeds with a sodium level of 0.4 and 0.6% reduces feed costs per unit of production.
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Сорокин, Александр, Alexander Sorokin, Валентина Руцкая i Valentina Ruckaya. "LUPIN AS THE BASE FOR PROTEIN COMPONENT OF FEED MIX FOR POULTRY". W Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2019-21-69-110-115.

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The article presents the data of domestic and foreign researchers for feeding of poultry used lupin and its processed products. It’s advisable to use energy-and-protein concentrates made of legumes and cereal grain mixtures to prepare complete feeds. Lupin is one of the main sources of plant protein with unique amino acid composition. In opinion of the majority of researchers lupin containing feeds made according to technic guidance support productivity increasing of poultry growing and improve the quality of the products.
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Carrierfenster, Kristen, Christine Rue-Donlon i Rubia Khalak. "Getting to Full Feeds Faster in the Nicu Utilizing Cue-based Feeding". W Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2016. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.141.1_meetingabstract.522.

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Radchikova, G., T. Sapsalyova i I. Bogdanovich. "Технология выращивания телят в молочный период с включением в рацион дробленого зерна кукурузы". W Scientific and practical conference with international participation: "Management of the genetic fund of animals – problems, solutions, outlooks". Scientific Practical Institute of Biotechnologies in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61562/mgfa2023.44.

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This article presents materials on the study of the effectiveness of the inclusion of crushed corn grain in the amount of 30 and 40% of the weight of compound feed for calves of 10-65 days of age, expressed in obtaining average daily gains in live weight of young animals during the experiment period of 634 and 627 g or 1.6% higher than the control value, while reducing the cost of growth – by 4.4 and 4.1 percent. It was found that feeding compound feed with the inclusion of 50% crushed corn grain to calves aged 10-65 days, contributed to a decrease in animal productivity by 5.6% (589 g), with an increase in feed costs for production by 6.0%. It was determined that feeding young cattle at the age of 10-65 days of compound feeds with the introduction of 30 and 40% of crushed corn grain by weight, contributed to a reduction in the cost of their diet by 2.86 and 3.62%.
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Zverkova, Zinaida. "Practical application of surepitsa cake in the diets of poultry". W Multifunctional adaptive feed production 27 (75). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-27-75-158-162.

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Studies have been conducted on the use of surepny oilcake obtained from different varieties of Brassica rapa L., in the feeding of broiler chickens. The safe norms of its inclusion in the composition of balanced compound feeds have been determined. The enrichment of experimental compound feed with enzyme preparations increases the economic performance of broiler chickens. The oilcake surepny obtained from the seeds of the Brassica rapa L, selection of the All-Russion Williams Fodder Research Institute confirms the effectiveness of cultivation and the negative effect on broiler chickens.
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Musial, Abigail, Owen Densel, Conor Merritt, Lacey Yeager, Angela Younts, Jodi Kelley, James Rudloff, Lori Herbst, Angela Statile i Amanda Schondelmeyer. "1 Decreasing time to goal enteral feeds in children with medical complexity with feeding intolerance". W IHI Scientific Symposium. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2020-ihi.1.

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Zverkova, Zinaida, i Bella Osipyan. "FEATURES OF THE USE OF BRASSICA RAPA SEEDS IN THE FEEDING OF BROILER-CHICKENS". W Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-28-76-191-197.

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In the Federal Scientific Center "VIK im. V. R. Williams” conducted research on the evaluation of new varieties of spring and winter colza Zarya and Nadezhda when growing broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 cross. The control group received compound feed without rapeseed seeds. The first and second experimental groups included 7.5% by weight of mixed fodder native rapeseed seeds of Zarya and Nadezhda varieties, which were used to replace part of soybean meal and sunflower oil. The content of nutrients in mixed feed complied with the regulatory requirements. The oil was balanced in composition: a large amount of monounsaturated, low-saturated fatty acids, a moderate amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It has been established that compound feeds with rapeseed seeds do not negatively affect the live weight gain of experimental broiler chickens. On the 39th day, the live weight of chickens in the control, in the first and second experimental groups was 2.250, 2.245 and 2.256 g, respectively. The significance of the difference in this indicator with the control group has not been established (P > 0.05). In the study of blood serum in chickens of the first experimental group, an increased level of bilirubin and the enzyme glutamyltransferase was revealed, which indicates stagnation of bile in the bile ducts (P > 0.01). The efficiency of growing poultry using rapeseed seeds was higher than in the control, which is associated with a decrease in feed costs for obtaining meat products and a lower cost of experimental feed.
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Hotea, Ionela, Catalin Sirbu, Anamaria Plotuna, Emil Tirziu i Isidora Radulov. "ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF RAPESEED MEAL INTENDED FOR MONOGASTRIC LIVESTOCK FEEDING". W 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/6.2/s25.05.

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Rapeseed meal is a valuable source of protein for animals feeding. It can be used as an alternative to soybean meal in the mixtures of combined feeds intended for farm animals. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical and nutritional composition of the rapeseed meal intended for use in the feeding of monogastric livestock. 70 samples of rapeseed meal arrived at the Laboratory of Chemical Analyses for Animal Nutrition, were analysed. The following values were obtained for the main nutritional compounds: crude protein (CP) � 37.95%, with variations between 35.26 and 41.67%; ether extract (EE) � 1.84%, with values between 1.55 � 2.06%; crude fiber (CF) � 11.93%, with variations between 9.85 � 14.93%; and nitrogen-free extracts (NfE) � 41.07%, varying significantly between 35.75 � 45.82%. In order to evaluate the nutritional value of rapeseed meal, the digestible forms of nutrients and the value of metabolizable energy (ME) for pigs and poultry were calculated, using predictive formulas. The average ME value for pigs was 1278.57 kcal/kg, varying between 1145.63 - 1398.27 kcal/kg, and for poultry the ME value was 935.06 kcal/kg, being between 837.90 - 1022.55 kcal/kg. These data underline the importance of the chemical and nutritional evaluation of feed ingredients before they are included in the diets of farm animals in order to have the certainty of correctly calculated rations and to ensure the amounts of nutrients in accordance with their feeding norms, in order to maximize animal production.
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Старцев, А. В., А. А. Корчунов i В. Е. Дубов. "Experience in growing pilengas at the fish breeding farm of Priboy LLC". W DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF AQUACULTURE. ООО "ДГТУ-Принт" Адресс полиграфического предприятия 344003 пл Гагарина, зд. 1, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/aquaculture.2023.117-120.

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The article presents the results of adaptation of juveniles of the Far Eastern mullet pilengas to the conditions of freshwater ponds in the complex cultivation of feeding carp and herbivorous fish - grass carp and silver carp. It was found that pilengas adapts well to the content in ponds, has good rates of linear growth and weight gain. It feeds on detritus, planktonic algae and food residues. Along with herbivorous fish, it is a natural meliorator.
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Voicea, Iulian, Florin Nenciu, Mihai Matache, Remus Oprescu i Vlad-Nicolae Arsenoaia. "Experimental research on production and use of floating pellets in fish feed in aquaculture systems". W 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf043.

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Adequate nutrition practices are essential for the efficient production of superior goods in aquaculture systems. Nutrition is a key component in the aquaculture industry because feed constitutes about 50% of the variable expense of production. Fishmeal and fish oil have traditionally been the main primary materials used to support the aquaculture industry. They have largely been supplanted by plant-based raw materials, but specific techniques are needed to satisfy fish dietary needs. As aquaculture has expanded, people have been searching for alternative farming nutritional sources since fish meal and fish oil are produced from captured wild fish. Fish have different nutritional needs that rely on a variety of variables. This paper describes an experimental study that was completed on the production of pelletized complex feeds with high stability that were used in the feeding technology of some fish species grown in a polyculture system with recirculation and cyclic water supply. The purpose of feed formulation is to mix ingredients of different nutritional quality so as to obtain a balanced diet, which biologically available nutrient profile approximates the nutritional needs of the concerned species. In fish farms, the choice of feeder for different types of fish takes into account the following criteria: the level of stability in the water, the return on investment in feed, efficient conversion of feed and its attractiveness to fish. The high level of feed stability prevents feed losses and reduces water contamination. The results showed a high stability of the pellets associated with an important increase in the size of the fish raised in the polyculture system. Although each feeding recipe showed benefits for certain fish species, the R3 feeder was the optimal mix, leading to 43% average growth for all varieties and being considered the best option for polyculture systems.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Feeding and feeds"

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Mitchell, Brian G., Amir Neori, Charles Yarish, D. Allen Davis, Tzachi Samocha i Lior Guttman. The use of aquaculture effluents in spray culture for the production of high protein macroalgae for shrimp aqua-feeds. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7597934.bard.

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The FAO has projected a doubling in world demand for seafood during the 21 ed from aquaculture of marine fish and shrimps fed primarily on fishmeal-based aquafeeds. However, current practices of high intensity monoculture of shrimp in coastal ponds and fish in offshore pens have been strongly criticized as being ecologically and socially unsustainable. This view derives from un- checked eutrophication of coastal marine ecosystems from fish farm effluents, and the destruction of coastal estuarine ecosystems by shrimp farm constructions, plus aquaculture’s reliance on wild-caught small fish - which are excellent food for humans, but instead are rendered into fishmeal and fish oil for formulating aquafeeds. Fishmeal-sparing and waste- reduction aquafeeds can only delay the time when fed aquaculture product are priced out of affordability for most consumers. Additionally, replacement of fishmeal protein and fish oil by terrestrial plant sources such as soybean meal and oil directly raises food costs for human communities in developing nations. New formulations incorporating sustainably-produced marine algal proteins and oils are growing in acceptance as viable and practical alternatives. This BARD collaborative research project investigated a sustainable water-sparing spray/drip culture method for producing high-protein marine macrophyte meals for incorporation into marine shrimp and fish diets. The spray culture work was conducted at laboratory-scale in the USA (UCSD-SIO) using selected Gracilariaand Ulvastrains isolated and supplied by UCONN, and outdoors at pilot-scale in Israel (IOLR-NCM) using local strains of Ulvasp., and nitrogen/phosphorus-enriched fish farm effluent to fertilize the spray cultures and produce seaweed biomass and meals containing up to 27% raw protein (dry weight content). Auburn University (USA) in consultation with TAMUS (USA) used the IOLR meals to formulate diets and conduct marine shrimp feeding trials, which resulted in mixed outcomes, indicating further work was needed to chemically identify and remove anti-nutritional elements present in the IOLR-produced seaweed meals.
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Breewood, Helen, i Tara Garnett. What is feed-food competition? Redaktor Walter Fraanje. Food Climate Research Network, styczeń 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/dde79ca0.

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This building block explores key statistics about competing uses for food system resources, focusing on the use of land, crops and wild fish for feeding humans or feeding livestock – a trade-off known as feed-food competition. It also outlines different ways in which people interpret these figures and sets out how these differing perspectives link to broader debates about what we should eat and how we should produce food, particularly concerning what role (if any) livestock should play in the global food system.
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Young, Jennifer, Weiguo Cai, Daniel S. Nettleton i Jack C. M. Dekkers. Feeding Behavior of Yorkshire Pigs Selected for Residual Feed Intake. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, styczeń 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-850.

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Roca, Analia, Whitney Holt, Anna K. Johnson, Kenneth J. Stalder, Lori L. Layman i Locke A. Karriker. How Location of Feed Affects the Rate of Feeding in Multi-parity Sows. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, styczeń 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-917.

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Uni, Zehava, i Peter Ferket. Enhancement of development of broilers and poults by in ovo feeding. United States Department of Agriculture, maj 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695878.bard.

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The specific objectives of this research were the study of the physical and nutritional properties of the In Ovo Feeding (IOF) solution (i.e. theosmostic properties and the carbohydrate: protein ratio composition). Then, using the optimal solution for determining its effect on hatchability, early nutritional status and intestinal development of broilers and turkey during the last quarter of incubation through to 7 days post-hatch (i.e. pre-post hatch period) by using molecular, biochemical and histological tools. The objective for the last research phase was the determination of the effect of in ovo feeding on growth performance and economically valuable production traits of broiler and turkey flocks reared under practical commercial conditions. The few days before- and- after hatch is a critical period for the development and survival of commercial broilers and turkeys. During this period chicks make the metabolic and physiological transition from egg nutriture (i.e. yolk) to exogenous feed. Late-term embryos and hatchlings may suffer a low glycogen status, especially when oxygen availability to the embryo is limited by low egg conductance or poor incubator ventilation. Much of the glycogen reserve in the late-term chicken embryo is utilized for hatching. Subsequently, the chick must rebuild that glycogen reserve by gluconeogenesis from body protein (mostly from the breast muscle) to support post-hatch thermoregulation and survival until the chicks are able to consume and utilize dietary nutrients. Immediately post-hatch, the chick draws from its limited body reserves and undergoes rapid physical and functional development of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in order to digest feed and assimilate nutrients. Because the intestine is the nutrient primary supply organ, the sooner it achieves this functional capacity, the sooner the young bird can utilize dietary nutrients and efficiently grow at its genetic potential and resist infectious and metabolic disease. Feeding the embryo when they consume the amniotic fluid (IOF idea and method) showed accelerated enteric development and elevated capacity to digest nutrients. By injecting a feeding solution into the embryonic amnion, the embryo naturally consume supplemental nutrients orally before hatching. This stimulates intestinal development to start earlier as was exhibited by elevated gene expression of several functional genes (brush border enzymes an transporters , elvated surface area, elevated mucin production . Moreover, supplying supplemental nutrients at a critical developmental stage by this in ovo feeding technology improves the hatchling’s nutritional status. In comparison to controls, administration of 1 ml of in ovo feeding solution, containing dextrin, maltose, sucrose and amino acids, into the amnion of the broiler embryo increased dramatically total liver glycogen in broilers and in turkeys in the pre-hatch period. In addition, an elevated relative breast muscle size (% of broiler BW) was observed in IOF chicks to be 6.5% greater at hatch and 7 days post-hatch in comparison to controls. Experiment have shown that IOF broilers and turkeys increased hatchling weights by 3% to 7% (P<0.05) over non injected controls. These responses depend upon the strain, the breeder hen age and in ovo feed composition. The weight advantage observed during the first week after hatch was found to be sustained at least through 35 days of age. Currently, research is done in order to adopt the knowledge for commercial practice.
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Brosh, Arieh, Gordon Carstens, Kristen Johnson, Ariel Shabtay, Joshuah Miron, Yoav Aharoni, Luis Tedeschi i Ilan Halachmi. Enhancing Sustainability of Cattle Production Systems through Discovery of Biomarkers for Feed Efficiency. United States Department of Agriculture, lipiec 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592644.bard.

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Feed inputs represent the largest variable cost of producing meat and milk from ruminant animals. Thus, strategies that improve the efficiency of feed utilization are needed to improve the global competitiveness of Israeli and U.S. cattle industries, and mitigate their environmental impact through reductions in nutrient excretions and greenhouse gas emissions. Implementation of innovative technologies that will enhance genetic merit for feed efficiency is arguably one of the most cost-effective strategies to meet future demands for animal-protein foods in an environmentally sustainable manner. While considerable genetic variation in feed efficiency exist within cattle populations, the expense of measuring individual-animal feed intake has precluded implementation of selection programs that target this trait. Residual feed intake (RFI) is a trait that quantifies between-animal variation in feed intake beyond that expected to meet energy requirements for maintenance and production, with efficient animals being those that eat less than expected for a given size and level of production. There remains a critical need to understand the biological drivers for genetic variation in RFI to facilitate development of effective selection programs in the future. Therefore, the aim of this project was to determine the biological basis for phenotypic variation in RFI of growing and lactating cattle, and discover metabolic biomarkers of RFI for early and more cost-effective selection of cattle for feed efficiency. Objectives were to: (1) Characterize the phenotypic relationships between RFI and production traits (growth or lactation), (2) Quantify inter-animal variation in residual HP, (3) Determine if divergent RFIphenotypes differ in HP, residual HP, recovered energy and digestibility, and (4) Determine if divergent RFI phenotypes differ in physical activity, feeding behavior traits, serum hormones and metabolites and hepatic mitochondrial traits. The major research findings from this project to date include: In lactating dairy cattle, substantial phenotypic variation in RFI was demonstrated as cows classified as having low RMEI consumed 17% less MEI than high-RMEI cows despite having similar body size and lactation productivity. Further, between-animal variation in RMEI was found to moderately associated with differences in RHP demonstrating that maintenance energy requirements contribute to observed differences in RFI. Quantifying energetic efficiency of dairy cows using RHP revealed that substantial changes occur as week of lactation advances—thus it will be critical to measure RMEI at a standardized stage of lactation. Finally, to determine RMEI in lactating dairy cows, individual DMI and production data should be collected for a minimum of 6 wk. We demonstrated that a favorably association exists between RFI in growing heifers and efficiency of forage utilization in pregnant cows. Therefore, results indicate that female progeny from parents selected for low RFI during postweaning development will also be efficient as mature females, which has positive implications for both dairy and beef cattle industries. Results from the beef cattle studies further extend our knowledge regarding the biological drivers of phenotypic variation in RFI of growing animals, and demonstrate that significant differences in feeding behavioral patterns, digestibility and heart rate exist between animals with divergent RFI. Feeding behavior traits may be an effective biomarker trait for RFI in beef and dairy cattle. There are differences in mitochondrial acceptor control and respiratory control ratios between calves with divergent RFI suggesting that variation in mitochondrial metabolism may be visible at the genome level. Multiple genes associated with mitochondrial energy processes are altered by RFI phenotype and some of these genes are associated with mitochondrial energy expenditure and major cellular pathways involved in regulation of immune responses and energy metabolism.
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Boddicker, Nick, Nicholas K. Gabler, Michael E. Spurlock, Daniel S. Nettleton i Jack C. M. Dekkers. Performance of Yorkshire Pigs Selected for Low Residual Feed Intake under Ad Libitum and Restricted Feeding. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, styczeń 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-965.

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Borisova, P. P., N. M. Alekseeva i N. A. Nikolaeva. Efficiency of feeding energy-rich feed additives to young Simmental breed in the conditions of Yakutia. ООО «ВИВА-СТАР», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/23042003.

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Testroet, Eric D., Mathew R. O'Neil, Andrew L. Mueller, Donald C. Beitz i Stephanie Clark. Feeding Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows Reduced-Fat Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles: Milk Composition and Feed Efficiency. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, styczeń 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-310.

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Nikolaeva, N. A., P. P. Borisova i N. M. Alekseeva. THE USE OF SATURATED FEED ADDITIVES IN FEEDING OF YOUNG ANIMALS SIMMENTAL BREED IN THE CONDITIONS OF YAKUTIA. ООО Универсальная типография "Альфа Принт", 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/0120369.

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