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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Federation”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 28 lipca 2024

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1

Zefferer, Thomas, Dominik Ziegler i Andreas Reiter. "A Federation of Federations: Secure Cloud Federations meet European Identity Federations". International Journal for Information Security Research 8, nr 1 (30.03.2018): 774–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20533/ijisr.2042.4639.2018.0089.

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Lee, Chung-Young. "History of Taekwondo Federation in Korea: Women and Industry Federation". World Society of Taekwondo Culture 14, nr 1 (31.01.2023): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18789/jwstc.2023.38.33.

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This study specifically examines the development history of Women's Federations and Industry Federations among the five federations that have had a significant impact on the development of Taekwondo. This study was conducted with the goal of finding out through this and leaving a documentary trace on the development history of Taekwondo. Through the study, the following results were confirmed. First, the establishment of the Korean Women's Taekwondo Federation provided an opportunity to have a wider perspective on women's sports participation in Korea, and based on the establishment of the Women's Federation, it served as an opportunity for further development of Korean Women's Taekwondo. Second, the establishment of the Korea Industry Taekwondo Federation was established to help Taekwondo players continue their activities after graduating from college and discharged from the military. This is thought to be a stepping stone for diversification of the age group of Taekwondo players.

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3

Baptista, Patrícia, i Leonardo Antoun. "GOVERNO DIGITAL: POLÍTICA PÚBLICA, NORMAS E ARRANJOS INSTITUCIONAIS NO REGIME FEDERATIVO BRASILEIRO: A EDIÇÃO DA LEI FEDERAL N. º 14.129/2021 E O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE GOVERNO DIGITAL / DIGITAL GOVERNMENT: PUBLIC POLICY, RULES AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS IN THE BRAZILIAN FEDERATIVE REGIME. THE NEW FEDERAL LAW 14.129/2021 AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONAL DIGITAL GOVERNMENT POLICY". RFD- Revista da Faculdade de Direito da UERJ, nr 41 (14.10.2022): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/rfd.2022.70724.

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Resumo: O artigo apresenta o governo digital sob a perspectiva de política pública, de sistema normativo e de arranjo institucional. Identifica normas e arranjos institucionais na política desenhada pelo governo federal brasileiro. Considera o ponto de vista das unidades da federação, para indicar a necessidade de integração federativa com preservação da autonomia local em face do protagonismo federal. E, por último, discorre sobre as virtudes, os riscos e os desafios para os entes da federação no desenvolvimento da política de governo digital.Palavras-chave: Governo digital. Governo eletrônico. Política pública. Sistema normativo. Arranjo institucional. Regime federativo. Estados-membros. Autonomia federativa. Proteção de dados. Transparência. Eficiência. Privacidade. Coordenação interfederativa. Desigualdade digital. Abstract: The article explores the idea of digital government conceived as a public policy, a regulatory system and an institutional arrangement. It identifies norms and institutional arrangements in the policy designed by the Brazilian federal government. And in regard of the federation units, it indicates the need for federative integration with preservation of local autonomy in the face of federal protagonism. And, finally, it discusses the virtues, risks and challenges in the development of digital government policy.Keywords: Digital government. Electronic government. Public policy. Regulatory system. Institutional arrangement. Federative system. States-members. Federative autonomy. Data protection. Transparency. Efficiency. Privacy. Inter-federative coordination. Digital inequality.

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4

Abdul Hussein, Atheer Ailan, i Abdul Rezaq Khadem. "Analyses of Self – Administration Reality of Central Sport Federation Presidents from Administrative Bureau Point of View in Iraq". Journal of Physical Education 33, nr 3 (28.09.2021): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37359/jope.v33(3)2021.1186.

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The importance of the research lies in self – administration being a modern topic in sport administration in general and in Iraqi central sport federation’s administration in particular. Self - administration positively affect high self–esteem in members of the administrative board in Iraqi central sport federations. It also contributes to future vision and strategy planning for each federation to achieve winning in competitions.

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5

Ghenai, Afifa, i Chems Eddine Nouioua. "Federation-Level Agreement and Integrity-Based Managed Cloud Federation Architecture". Journal of Information Technology Research 13, nr 4 (październik 2020): 91–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitr.2020100107.

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One of the biggest challenges in cloud federations is how to express the federation level agreement (FLA) and voluntary aspect of the federation members and maintain the integrity of the organization. However, existing works are not able to present the cloud federation management aspect or implement these properties that distinguish cloud federation from other inter-cloud organizations. This paper bridges this gap by proposing a managed cloud federation architecture based on this subset of properties. The key component of this architecture is the federation manager that controls, tracks, evaluates, and predicts the behavior of the federation. In order to ensure the effectiveness of the approach, the authors developed the Managed Federation Simulator to implement the proposed federation architecture on the SmartFed simulator and evaluate it through a set of scenarios on a real case study.

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6

Tariq, Muhammad. "Comparative Analysis between Federation and Federalism". Global Regional Review V, nr I (30.03.2020): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(v-i).33.

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This paper discusses the comparative analysis between federalism and federation. Federalism is a theoretical framework while federation is a legal term manifesting itself in pragmatic form. The former is normative while the latter is descriptive in nature. Federalism is the means while federation is the end as there can be federalism without federation but there can be no federation without federalism. Federalism refers to an ideological perspective which acts as prescriptive guide while federation connotes constitutionally well-established institution. It has been discussed in formal centralized or effective centralized form, unitary or decentralized form, symmetrical or asymmetrical form, and fully or partially centralized form. Centripetal and Centrifugal forces provide the basic framework for federalism. Various forms of federations have been discussed in parlance of three different models of federalism.

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7

Novaković, Stanislav. "International capacity of federal units". Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 72, nr 8-9 (2000): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv0005214n.

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The issue of international capacity of federal units of federations is analyzed in the comparative context. The author concludes that only a federation is a person of international law that may conclude international treaties, which are binding on federal units within the federation.

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8

Boyer, Michael, David Tarjan i Kevin Skadron. "Federation". ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization 7, nr 4 (grudzień 2010): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1880043.1880046.

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9

Keil, Soeren. "Building a Federation within a Federation". L'Europe en Formation 369, nr 3 (2013): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/eufor.369.0114.

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10

Salmin, A. "Russian Federation and Federation in Russia". World Economy and International Relations, nr 3 (2002): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2002-3-22-35.

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Salmin, A. "Russian Federation and Federation in Russia". World Economy and International Relations, nr 2 (2002): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2002-2-40-60.

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12

Muluye, Ketemaw Tiruneh. "Holding Together, Coming Together or Putting Together? A [Re]examination on the Formation of Ethiopia’s Federation". RUDN Journal of Public Administration 7, nr 1 (15.12.2020): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8313-2020-7-1-70-82.

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Federations are institutional and structural arrangements with the tenets of shared rule and self-rule. These federations may be formed through coming together, holding together or putting together processes. Both holding together and coming together federations are established through democratic bargain while putting together federation is imposed coercively by the winners. Hence, this article aims to situate Ethiopia in to one of these three variants through critical [re]examination of the transitional activities. The data were collected through interviews and document analysis. A qualitative analysis was employed to analyze the data. Accordingly, the paper argues that Ethiopia is a putting together federation because of the major flaws committed during the transition. Particularly, the absence of an organization that could represent Amhara during the Peace Conference, exclusion of the major political organizations from the conference and the aftermath processes as well as the inhuman and extrajudicial treatments against those who were explaining their discontent in the restructuring processes are some of the justification to level Ethiopia’s federation as putting together. Moreover, the electoral frauds that forced the major political parties to boycott the elections (the 1992 and 1994 elections) and the manipulation of the drafting and ratification processes of the constitution by TPLF/EPRDF can justify this position. Hence, it is recommended to restructure the federation through democratic bargaining for the putting nature of the federation is facing a legitimacy crisis due to the different questions rooted in the formation processes.

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Muluye, Ketemaw. "The Formation of Ethiopia’s Federation and its Implications for the Amharas’ Quest for Recognition and Boundary Demarcations". Modern Africa: Politics, History and Society 8, nr 1 (26.06.2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26806/modafr.v8i1.273.

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Federations are structural arrangements with the tenets of shared rule and self-rule. These federations may be formed through coming-together, holding-together, or putting-together processes. This article aims to situate Ethiopia in one of these three variants and examine its implications for the Amharas’ quest for boundary demarcations and equal recognition in other regions. The data were collected through interviews and document analysis. Accordingly, the article argues that Ethiopia is a putting-together federation because of major flaws committed during the transition. The putting-together federation left ethnic groups such as the Amhara without protection by regional constitutions. It also led to the sanctioning of boundary demarcations that contradicts the criteria listed under the federal constitution. Hence, it is recommended to restructure the federation through democratic bargaining.

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14

Ataeva, N. M. "Essence and content of the financial activities of subjects of the Russian Federation". Law Нerald of Dagestan State University 39, nr 3 (2021): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2224-0241-2021-39-3-62-65.

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The aims of the article are to research problems of Russian Federation’s subjects financial activity and to analyze this term as one of the attribute of the Federation’s subject. Authors adhere the traditional approach of understanding financial activity of subjects of the Russian Federation, which has been researched in law science. There is researching of following terms: financial federalism, budgetary federalism, their basics, essence and content of the financial activities of subjects of the Russian Federation. Writing the article authors use different scientific methods, such as dialectical, logical, formal and legal, analysis and synthesis. In conclusion, author gave her own term of financial activities of subjects of the Russian Federation.

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15

Wang, Chuanxu, Changqun Song i Lang Xu. "Evolutionary strategies of consumer federation and manufacturer under recall mechanism". Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 41, nr 1 (11.08.2021): 2403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-200086.

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Based on an unqualified product recalling process in a supply chain, this paper establishes an evolutionary game model between consumer federation and manufacturer, as well as analyzes the effects of manufacturer’s pricing strategy and consumer federation’s supervision on the decision-making and dynamic tendency. Under this structure, the manufacturers’ pricing strategies on recalls mechanism have two scenarios: the high penalty and low penalty from consumer federation. Results shows that, when the consumer federation adopts high penalty measures, there will be an ESS for consumer federation that can both minimize the cost and protect consumers’ rights. Further, the probability of manufacturer adopting “recall” strategy is positively correlated with the change in the product price, and both the probability of consumer federation adopting “regulate” strategy and manufacturer adopting “recall” strategy are positively correlated with the penalty coefficient.

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16

Mountjoy, Margo, Astrid Junge, Richard Budgett, Dominik Doerr, Michel Leglise, Stuart Miller, Jane Moran i Jeremy Foster. "Health promotion by International Olympic Sport Federations: priorities and barriers". British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, nr 17 (15.03.2019): 1117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-100202.

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ObjectiveTo identify changes in International Federations’ priorities and the barriers to implementing athlete and global health initiatives. Results should influence the work of the International Federation medical committees, the IOC and the Association of Summer Olympic International Federation.MethodsThe 28 Summer and 7 Winter International Federations participating in the most recent Olympic Games (2016; 2018) were surveyed to (i) identify the importance of 27 health topics, (ii) assess their progress on implementation health-related programmes and (iii) the barriers to implementation of these programmes. We compared International Federations’ activities in 2016 and 2017.ResultsThe response rate was 83%. Health topics which most International Federations regarded as important and in which the International Federations felt insufficiently active were ‘team physician certification’, ‘prevention of harassment and abuse’, ‘eating disorders/disordered eating’, ‘mental health’ and ‘injury surveillance’. Compared with 2016, there was a decrease in International Federations’ activities in ‘injury surveillance’, ‘nutritional supplements’ and ‘hyperandrogenism’. The main barrier to implementing health-related programmes was ‘International Federation political support/willingness’, followed by ‘knowledge’. ‘Time’ and ‘coach support’ were more often reported than ‘finances’, or ‘IOC or Association of Summer Olympic International Federations partnership’.ConclusionIf International Federations are going to promote health of athletes and global health promotion through physical activity (sport), International Federation leadership must change their focus and provide greater political support for related initiatives. Improving coach and athlete knowledge of the health issues could also facilitate health programme delivery. Time constraints could be mitigated by sharing experiences among the International Federations, Association of Summer Olympic International Federations and the IOC. International Federations should focus on those health-related topics that they identified as being important, yet rate as having insufficient activity.

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17

Mohammed, Safad. "Building scale centralized and decentralized decision-making in the Iraqi Federation of Central Basketball." Humanities Journal of University of Zakho 8, nr 4 (30.12.2020): 684–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2020.8.4.655.

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The research aims to: Buildingscalecentralized and decentralizeddecision-makingintheIraqi Federationof CentralBasketballin Iraq. Identify the factors Order centralized and decentralized decision-making at the Iraqi Central basketball from the perspective of working in branch of sports federations subsidiary. Was used descriptive method in a way the survey to its relevance and the nature of research, and consisted of the sample of two parts, the first section included a sample construction of which there were (108) individual factor in branch of sports federations of basketball in Iraq, while the included second section sample application which numbered (40) individual factor in branch of sports federations of basketball in Iraq. Means of data collection: A tool to measure the central and decentralized decision-making: The researcher built a measure of centralization and decentralization in decision-making with the Iraqi Federation of basketball after the conditions are met the scientific standard has included the scale (20) paragraph. Data were treated statistically using: The arithmetic mean, standard deviation and the law of percentage and Pearson's samples and analysis of variance and the coefficient Alpha and fair Gateman equation was used Spearman Brown. The main conclusions as follows: Validity of scale in centralized and decentralized decision-making in the measurement of the nature of the decision-making to the Iraqi Union of basketball. The researcher concluded that the sample individuals agree to their participation in decision-making process of the Iraqi Union of basketball, and that the decision-making process of these are centralized in some respects while increasing the degree of decentralization in other aspects of it. In light of the results the researcher presented a number of recommendations including: the application of scale in centralized and decentralized decision-making sports organizations across Iraq. the researcher recommends the need for continuity of the Iraqi Federation of Basketball in supporting the trend towards decentralization in decision-making, by giving workers in branch of sports federations of the necessary powers to carry out their duties flexibly and effectively, which leads to the lifting of the level of job satisfaction. The Researcher administrative leadership in the Iraqi Federation of Basketball to grant workers in branch of sports federations, letters of thanks to meet their distinctive because it would contribute to raising the morale and makes them dissatisfied with their work, such as setting specific criteria through which the nomination of the Working perfect in every sports association on an annual basis in order to reward, Develop allowances for workers in branch of sports federations for basketball in Iraq. Work to increase the financial allocations for workers in branch of sports federations for basketball in Iraq in order to fit with their efforts, and not to delay the disbursement dates. The researcher proposed the following two: A comparative study in centralized and decentralized decision-making of the Iraqi Federation of basketball with other unions. 2. Working on a law to full-time workers in the sports federations to carry out their tasks in unions while retaining their rights official in the institutions in which they work, in order to have a chance creativity, and provide services in both functions.

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Ermilov, Pavel. "A federative model of the Church in western theology". St. Tikhons' University Review 112 (30.04.2024): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturi2024112.30-50.

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The author attempts to reconstruct in the most general detail the history of the application of federative terminology to the description of the structure of the Christian Church. The concept of federation appeared in the 18th century in the works of Protestant church historians who believed that the formation of the initial church structure was modeled on the federative political structures that emerged in Greco-Roman antiquity. Further mastering of the relevant political terminology by church authors was facilitated by the formation of the theory of political federalism in the 19th century and its popularization in the political and public life of many states. The author shows how since the end of the 19th century the concept of federation has been applied to the church constitution at its modern stage. This practice was especially characteristic of the representatives of the Anglican Church, in whose official rhetoric the image of federation took an important and prominent place. It was in the midst of the Anglican Church that the formula of the Church as a federation was born. Thanks to Protestant influence, federative terminology enters the language of ecumenical theology, being used there in particular to denote an intermediate form of ecclesiastical union. However, federative formulas in ecclesiology were accompanied by constant criticism, mainly for allegedly bringing with them alien and profane associations. An irreconcilable position was taken by Catholic authors, who for a whole century have been developing a theological refutation of ecclesiastical federalism. Under the influence of their criticism, as well as significant historical and ideological changes, the image of federation gradually disappeared from the language of Christian theology, surviving ultimately in the form of a general and unanimous denial that the Church is not a federation. The author is trying to show that despite some artificiality in the use of federative terminology, there were certain theological insights behind its use concerning the status of particular Churches and the nature of their mutual unity. These intuitions were largely ignored by the general development of ecclesiology in the twentieth century with its main interest in the global and universal dimension of the Church.

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Oude Elferink, Alex G. "Russian Federation". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 11, nr 3 (1996): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180896x00221.

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Phillips, R. A. "Federation Proceedings". Nutrition Reviews 40, nr 4 (27.04.2009): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1982.tb05283.x.

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MacLeod, J. D. "WORLD FEDERATION". Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 3, nr 10 (27.08.2010): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.1956.tb00731.x.

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Dickey, Brian, L. F. Crisp i John Hart. "Federation Fathers". Labour History, nr 59 (1990): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27509030.

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Kim, Mira, i David Ostrowski. "Ontology federation". Encyclopedia with Semantic Computing and Robotic Intelligence 02, nr 02 (14.11.2018): 1750001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2529737617500010.

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An Ontology defines a common vocabulary across diverse platforms, supporting machine-interpretable semantics of the domain concepts along with associated relations. Ontologies support the definitions of a class which defines concepts in a domain and exist as the central focus. Proprietary Ontologies allow for internally developed machine-usable content to be leveraged for greater purpose. In this context, Industrial Ontologies can be considered first and foremost, an integration technology, supporting connections between any number of disparate data sources. By this application, it is possible to leverage proprietary and public ontologies thus supporting a Federated Ontology. This paper explores the current methods and technologies of federated Ontologies. To this goal, we summarize the current state of publically available ontologies examining how they are currently utilized, their application challenges and a realistic assessment of their potential.

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UG, Subrahmanya. "College Federation". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, nr 3 (31.03.2024): 2553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.59402.

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Abstract: The College Federation app bridges the gap between colleges and students through web and mobile access. It caters to faculty and students by streamlining communication (announcements, etc.), resource sharing, attendance tracking, and file exchange. This one-stop shop aims to both improve education and compete with social media. unlike social media, College Federation prioritizes academics. It omits student-to-student chat, profiles, and updates to minimize distractions. The focus is clear: enhance communication between faculty and students in a focused environment. Recognizing variable connectivity, the app even sends SMS alerts for offline students. by fostering academic engagement and providing essential college features, College Federation strives to be the go-to platform for learning, reducing reliance on mainstream social media for crucial updates.

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HULPUȘ, Ioana, i Alexandru HULPUȘ. "APPROACHES OF STRATEGIC SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ROMANIAN SPORT". Management of Sustainable Development 14, nr 2 (1.12.2022): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54989/msd-2022-0017.

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Sustainability has become a pressing concern for a wide range of organizations, including sports’ world governing bodies. This paper aims to examine the meaning of sustainability in the context of international sport federations and how the national federations succeed to implement social and environmental sustainability practices. The study explores the strategic priorities for sustainable development from the perspective of Romanian Football Federation for governing national sport and how they define a framework for Strategic Sustainable Development. We used a five-dimensional analytical framework to analyze the recent changes national federations have made regarding sustainability, concentrating on the Romanian Football Federation as an example of good practices. The paper aims to emphasize that planned efforts as part of a long-term sustainable development strategy in the field of sport must be considered high priority.

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Farukshin, M. "Native Languages in the Education System in Ethnic Federations: Comparative Analysis". World Economy and International Relations 68, nr 2 (2024): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2024-68-2-127-138.

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The initial and main thesis of the article is that the teaching and learning of native languages in ethnic federations differs in specifics in comparison with other federations and unitary states. Comparing the experience of a number of ethnic federations in the field of education seems relevant for all multinational and multilingual states. The article consists of three parts. The first one deals with the problem of the division of powers in the management of teaching of native languages in the education system between the federal center and subjects of a federation. There is a difference in the implementation of these powers in multinational ethnic federations with a dominant national language and federations where there is no single official national language, and the sphere of education, including teaching of native languages, falls within the competence of the subjects of a federation. The author argues that the most optimal model of the division of powers in the field of language policy in the education system consists in consolidation of the basic provisions and principles at the federal level and transfer of issues of operational management of education and the functioning of educational institutions to the regional level, taking into account the elements of autonomy of the subjects of a certain federation. The second part discusses the problem of the voluntary choice of language in the education process or the non-alternative legislative designation of the language of teaching and learning. Generalization of the experience of a number of ethnic federations leads to the conclusion that in these states teaching of both national official language and official language of a subject of a federation, as well as the native language, as a rule, is not established on the basis of a free choice of parents or students, but is in fact mandatory. The third part is devoted to comparing the experience of both ethnic multinational and bi-ethnic federations in the face of conflict-causing factors that hinder the study of native languages. Rarely do ethnic federations avoid disputes over the use of dominant and non-dominant languages in teaching and learning, and there has been a number of extremely contradictory or even conflict situations. One of the reasons is that it is not always possible to develop an optimal model of the distribution of powers between the federal center and subjects of a federation in the system of education in the field of language policy, while all countries possess institutional mechanisms that can prevent the existing contradictions from escalating into conflicts on ethno-linguistic grounds. In conclusion, the author attempts to identify common features that characterize the teaching and learning of native languages in ethnic federations.

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Wessalowski, Nate, i Mara Karagianni. "From Feminist Servers to Feminist Federation". A Peer-Reviewed Journal About 12, nr 1 (7.09.2023): 192–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aprja.v12i1.140450.

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Situated within the technofeminist care practices of feminist servers, this text explores the possibilities of feminist federation. Speaking from our collective practice of system administration, we start by introducing Systerserver, laying out the feminist pedagogies that inform our practice of learning and doing together with technologies and the politics of maintenance and care. We then revisit the identity politics of feminist servers as more than safe/r spaces in the cis-male-dominated domain of free/libre and open source software communities. Finally, we reflect on our experiences of building and federating a feminist video platform with the PeerTube software on Systerserver. Facing the techno-social challenges around the protocol of federation and adapting the software alongside our federating practice, we focus on sustainable and care-oriented alternatives to ‘scaling up’ the affective infrastructures of our feminist servers.

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McDonald, Ruth, Lisa Riste, Simon Bailey, Fay Bradley, Jonathan Hammond, Sharon Spooner, Rebecca Elvey i Kath Checkland. "The impacts of GP federations in England on practices and on health and social care interfaces: four case studies". Health Services and Delivery Research 8, nr 11 (luty 2020): 1–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr08110.

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Background General practices have begun working collaboratively in general practitioner federations, which vary in scope, geographical reach and organisational form. Objectives The aim was to assess how federating affects practice processes, workforce, innovations in practices and the interface with health and social care stakeholders. Design This was a structured cross-sectional comparison of four case studies, using observation of meetings, interviews and analysis of documents. We combined inductive analysis with literature on ‘meta-organisations’ and networks to provide a theoretically informed analysis. Results All federations were ‘bottom-up’ voluntary membership organisations but with formal central authority structures. Practice processes were affected substantially in only one site. In this site, practices accepted the rules imposed by federation arrangements in a context of voluntary participation. Federating helped ease workforce pressures in two sites. Progress regarding innovations in practice and working with health and social care stakeholders was slower than federations anticipated. The approach of each federation central authority in terms of the extent to which it (1) sought to exercise control over member practices and (2) was engaged in ‘system proactivity’ (i.e. the degree of proactivity in working across a broader spatial and temporal context) was important in explaining variations in progress towards stated aims. We developed a typology to reflect the different approaches and found that an approach consisting of high levels of both top-down control and system proactivity was effective. One site adopted this ‘authoritative’ approach. In another site, rather than creating expectations of practices, the focus was on supporting them by attempting to solve the immediate problems they faced. This ‘indulgent’ approach was more effective than the approach used in the other two sites. These had a more distant ‘neglectful’ relationship with practices, characterised by low levels of both control over members and system proactivity. Other key factors explaining progress (or lack thereof) were competition between federations (if any), relationship with the Clinical Commissioning Group, money, history, leadership and management issues, size and geography; these interacted in a dynamic way. In the context of a tight deadline and fixed targets, federations were able to respond to the requirements to provide additional services as part of NHS Improving Access to General Practice policy in a way that would not have been possible in the absence of federations. However, this added to pressures faced by busy clinicians and managers. Limitations The focus was on only four sites; therefore, any federations that were more active than those federations in these four sites will have been excluded. In addition, although patients were interviewed, because most were unaware of federations, they generally had little to say on the subject. Conclusions General practices working collaboratively can produce benefits, but this takes time and effort. The approach of the federation central authority (authoritative, indulgent or neglectful) was hugely influential in affecting processes and outcomes. However, progress was generally slower than anticipated, and negligible in one case. Future work Future work would benefit from multimethod designs, which provide in-depth, longitudinal, qualitative and quantitative methods, to shed light on processes and impacts. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 8, No. 11. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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Ahmad, Muhammad Shakeel. "Development and Federalism: Responses of Federating Units Over CPEC". Global Social Sciences Review IV, nr II (30.06.2019): 438–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-ii).56.

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CPEC is deeply interconnected with federal structural in Pakistan. There is a difference of opinion amongst the scholars and policy makers regarding the impact of CPEC on federalism in Pakistan. This paper is an attempt to analyze liberal framework of federation and its connection with neoliberal development project of CPEC. In neoliberal framework, the decentralization and distribution of resources amongst the federating units and sub-national identities seems complex puzzle. The dominant forces amongst federating units joined same elite class for the protection of their own interest. This elite concentration and bargain model is reciprocal to the fundamental idea of federation. This paper demonstrates that CPEC is sharpening the unevenness amongst the federating units and sub-national identities.

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Chen, Gang. "Research on General Design of HLA Based Communication Command Equipment Operation Simulation System". Advanced Materials Research 710 (czerwiec 2013): 759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.710.759.

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The general design of HLA based communication command equipment operation simulation system is given to solve the difficulty of large equipment operation training. Firstly, the simulation system and its constitution are introduced. Secondly, two different federation runtime structures including single federation basic structure and multiple federations structure are designed according to system architecture. Thirdly, information interaction mode of training and FOM are concluded. Finally, two kinds of system application modes consisting of communication skill training and communication command training are presented.

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Thomas, Manoj V., i K. Chandrasekaran. "Dynamic partner selection in Cloud Federation for ensuring the quality of service for cloud consumers". International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 08, nr 03 (wrzesień 2017): 1750036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962317500362.

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Cloud Computing has become the popular paradigm for accessing the various scalable and on-demand computing services over the internet. Nowadays, individual Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) offering specialized services to the customers collaborate to form the Cloud Federation, in order to reap the real benefits of Cloud Computing. By collaboration, the member CSPs of the federation achieve better resource utilization and Quality of Service (QoS), thereby increasing their business prospects. When a CSP runs out of resources in the Cloud Federation, in order to offload the customer requests for resources to other CSP(s), identifying a suitable partner is a challenging task due to the lack of global coordination among them. In this paper, we propose the design and implementation of an efficient partner selection mechanism in the Cloud Federation, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods, and also considering the trust values of various CSPs in the federation. The AHP method is used to calculate the weights of the QoS parameters used in the TOPSIS method which is used to rank the various CSPs in the Cloud Federation according to the user requirements. Simulation results show the effectiveness of this approach in order to efficiently select the trustworthy partners in large scale federations to ensure the required QoS to the cloud consumers.

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Kojima, Shinji. "Social movement unionism in contemporary Japan: Coalitions within and across political boundaries". Economic and Industrial Democracy 41, nr 1 (1.02.2017): 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x17694242.

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This article on social movement unionism in Japan examines the particular ways in which labor unions form coalitions when undertaking disputes that concern the dismissal of blue-collar temporary agency workers. The triangular employment arrangement nullified the right of labor unions that represent the temporary agency workers to bargain with the user corporations. Against this predicament, labor unions formed alliances by flexibly negotiating the divisions that exist among labor. Labor unions in Japan are largely grouped under national labor federations and by their ties to political parties. Labor unions formed coalitions within the federation boundaries but also found creative ways to bridge across federation membership in an effort to rebuild its associational power. Civil society groups served as a glue that drew in unions across national federation memberships.

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AK, Muzaffer, Ramazan Dağ i Aydin Dağli. "Disabled Sports and Branches in Turkey". Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 22, nr 3 (13.03.2024): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2024/v22i3520.

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A society's sensitivity level of disabled people is equivalent to society's civilisation level of development. In today's world which is developing quite fast, people need to respect to different physical appearances and acknowledge that we have no difference in individual equality. From this point on people should be in an effort to increase and improve the feeling empathy. Sports and sports federation's managers have huge impact on increasing the quality of large groups of people. People who have been working as a manager at sport federations need to raise awareness among the society in every area about that to key to help disabled people is sport which helps them to be more successful in social life and to end exclusion in society.Sport activities have enormous repercussions on improving both the human psychology and common denominator of society. The increase on sport branches and having been been host to so many federation our country had unleashed so many important talents which enchanced our national denominator with value-added. While raising awareness about the disabled people on duty, Athlete and federation manager's individual features, psychological situations and professional information are changing and developing. This research includes practices that will help individuals to gain a place in society and increase our social sensitivity.

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Elferink, Alex G. Oude. "The Law and Politics of the Maritime Boundary Delimitations of the Russian Federation: Part 2". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 12, nr 1 (1997): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180897x00112.

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AbstractThe maritime zones of the Russian Federation overlap with those of 12 neighbouring states. The practice of the Russian Federation concerning the delimitation of the boundaries of these zones provides an interesting opportunity to analyse the role of international law in the policy of a state in this respect, especially because bilateral negotiations of the Russian Federation have raised complex issues of law and fact. The analysis suggests that international law may influence the policy of a state regarding the delimitation of its maritime zones in different, albeit limited, ways. The role of international law in bilateral negotiations supports the conclusions the case law has reached on the significance of bilateral delimitation treaties for the formation of customary international law. This second part of the article analyses the Russian Federation's delimitations with Norway and the United States and the legal regime of the Caspian Sea, and draws some conclusions on the case of the Russian Federation and the relationship between state practice and international law.

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Kim, Dongmin, Hanif Muhammad, Eunsam Kim, Sumi Helal i Choonhwa Lee. "TOSCA-Based and Federation-Aware Cloud Orchestration for Kubernetes Container Platform". Applied Sciences 9, nr 1 (7.01.2019): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010191.

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Kubernetes, a container orchestration tool for automatically installing and managing Docker containers, has recently begun to support a federation function of multiple Docker container clusters. This technology, called Kubernetes Federation, allows developers to increase the responsiveness and reliability of their applications by distributing and federating container clusters to multiple service areas of cloud service providers. However, it is still a daunting task to manually manage federated container clusters across all the service areas or to maintain the entire topology of cloud applications at a glance. This research work proposes a method to automatically form and monitor Kubernetes Federation, given application topology descriptions in TOSCA (Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications), by extending the orchestration tool that automatizes the modeling and instantiation of cloud applications. It also demonstrates the successful federation of the clusters according to the TOSCA specifications and verifies the auto-scaling capability of the configured system through a scenario in which the servers of a sample application are deployed and federated.

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Fedorchak, Tetiana. "The Czech Republic in the “Sanctions War” of the EU against the Russian Federation". Mediaforum : Analytics, Forecasts, Information Management, nr 10 (28.07.2022): 163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mediaforum.2022.10.163-183.

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The purpose of the article is to study the position of the Czech Republic in the «sanctions war» of the European Union against the Russian Federation, the Czech state’s own initiatives regarding sanctions and its relations with Russia, as the country that will preside over the European Union until the end of 2022. The following tasks are solved in the article: the position of the Czech Republic regarding the introduction of sanctions against the Russian Federation since the annexation of Crimea is substantiated, occupation of part of the territory of Donbas, during the period of the Russian Federation’s undeclared war against Ukraine and during the large-scale war launched by Russia on February 24, 2022.; the evolution of the Czech Republic’s approaches to sanctions against the Russian Federation in 2014-2022 was studied.; the modern formation of relations between the Czech Republic and the Russian Federation is analyzed; it was determined that the majority of political parties and the society of the Czech Republic approve of the introduction of European Union sanctions against the Russian Federation. Retrospective, statistical, comparative, monitoring methods, systemic and functional methodological approaches were used for research in the article.

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Bartsits, Igor, Oleg Zaytsev i Kira Sazonova. "The Russian Federation". East European Yearbook on Human Rights 2, nr 1 (październik 2019): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/eeyhr/258977642019002001007.

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Platoff, Anne M. "The Russian Federation". Raven: A Journal of Vexillology 16 (2009): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/raven2009163.

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Zakharov, Andrei. "Empire and Federation". Russian Politics & Law 45, nr 2 (kwiecień 2007): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rup1061-1940450203.

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Baxter, Jacqueline, i Christine Wise. "School federation governing". Management in Education 27, nr 3 (26.06.2013): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892020613492687.

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Krasnova, Irina. "10. Russian Federation". Yearbook of International Environmental Law 22, nr 1 (1.01.2011): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvs115.

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Krasnova, I. "10. Russian Federation". Yearbook of International Environmental Law 24, nr 1 (1.01.2014): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvu037.

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Krasnova, Irina. "10. Russian Federation". Yearbook of International Environmental Law 25, nr 1 (2014): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvv036.

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Krasnova, Irina. "10. Russian Federation". Yearbook of International Environmental Law 26 (2015): 406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvw043.

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Krasnova, Irina. "10. Russian Federation". Yearbook of International Environmental Law 27 (1.01.2016): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvx049.

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Agrawal, David R. "Inter-Federation Competition: Sales Tax Externalities with Multiple Federations". SSRN Electronic Journal, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2212234.

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Babalola, Dele. "THE ORIGINS OF NIGERIAN FEDERALISM: The Rikerian Theory and Beyond". Federal Governance 10, nr 1 (15.06.2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/fg.v10i1.4549.

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Scholars of federalism have offered different reasons why federations are formed. One of the most notable works in this area is that of William H. Riker, who made no pretence about his attempt to build a general theory of federalism, particularly its origin, operation and significance. Central to the Rikerian theory is that federations are formed through a political bargain between two sets of rational politicians, and the motive for the federal bargain is principally military. This theory is predicated on the assumption that two conditions – the expansion condition, and the military condition – must be present for a federation to be formed. In reference to the Nigerian Federation established in 1954, Riker asserted that the expansionist ambition of Ghana and its then leader Kwame Nkrumah, was the main external threat that informed the formation of the Federation. The main aim in this paper is to argue that the Rikerian theory of federal formation is inadequate to explain the origin of the Nigerian Federation, especially in the light of the centripetal and centrifugal forces that combined to result in the Federation.

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"Federation". Journal of the Institute of Brewing 92 (grudzień 1986): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1986.tb00018.x.

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"Russian Federation". IMF Staff Country Reports 2021, nr 036 (luty 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513568751.002.

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"Russian Federation". Main Economic Indicators 2020, nr 4 (11.04.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/c9d83883-en.

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