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Pourjavaheri, Firoozeh, Farzad Mohaddes, Robert A. Shanks, Michael Czajka i Arun Gupta. "Effects of Different Purification Methods on Chicken Feather Keratin". Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (czerwiec 2014): 1184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.1184.
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Every year billion kilograms of unused feathers result from the poultry industry worldwide, which in effect impose a difficult disposal process to the environment. Chicken feathers are considered as a valuable and renewable keratin protein source, which could be used advantageously in a number of applications as alternatives to feather meal and feather disposal. Although the potential applications of keratin derived from chicken feathers have been investigated, the initial purification phase has not been fully described in the literature. Original chicken feathers contain many biological organisms along with other contaminants after plucking. Unprocessed chicken feathers are considered as potentially hazardous biological materials due to the presence of blood borne pathogens; therefore, the decontamination process is very important. The purpose of this work is to compare the effects of different purification techniques on chicken feathers prior to keratin isolation. These processes include surfactant washing, soxhlet extraction with ethanol, ozone, and sodium chlorite solutions. Thermogravimetric analysis, vibrational spectroscopy, and wide angle X-ray scattering were used to characterise the purified feathers prior to keratin extraction.
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., Jayapriya, i Kingsly . "Naatu Kozhi Iragu Parpam - Heavy Metal Analysis by ICP-OES". International Journal of Research and Review 10, nr 7 (19.07.2023): 656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230777.
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INTRODUCTION: Siddha medicine is a system of traditional medicine originating in ancient tamilnadu in south India. In siddha literature gunapadam - thathu jeeva vaguppu by Dr.R. Thiyagarajan, 40 types of feathers are indicated as medicine for various diseases. Feathers are unique feature to birds and it constitute over 90% of protein and composed of two types of keratins - alpha and beta. Chicken feathers are the waste product of poultry industry which creates a major solid waste problem. Disposal of this waste is a global environment problem, therefore finding the right and effective way to use this will be one of the greatest supports for eco-friendly environment. So, this study is taken to analyse “NAATU KOZHI IRAGU PARPAM” to use feathers in an effective way through traditional method with siddha literature evidence. OBJECTIVE: To analyse NAATU KOZHI IRAGU PARPAM by ICP – OES. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ingredients such as country fowls feather and karisalai juice were used. The drug was prepared as per siddha literature Gunapadam- thathu jeeva vaguppu. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: ICP – OES analysis indicates the presence of elements in NAATU KOZHI IRAGU PARPAM with their concentration, this forms the basic foundation to further clinical research which will be followed by the identification of the various activities of NAATU KOZHI IRAGU PARPAM. Keywords: ICP – OES, Iragu parpam, Sinusitis, chicken feather.
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Bende, Attila. "Az erdei szalonka (Scolopax rusticola L.) tollváltása, a tollazat alapján történő kormeghatározás lehetőségei". Magyar Vízivad Közlemények, nr 37 (1.12.2023): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17242/mvvk_37.04.
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Moult of the Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola L.), possibilities of age determination based on the feather. This study summarises the most important data in the literature on the feather changing of woodcock. This is supported by a set of recommendations for an easy-to-use field practice, summarising the typical age stamps by age group. This is an important topic, because there is no detailed literature available in Hungarian on feather changing and age determination for domestic practice. For ringing work in Hungary and for the analysis of data sets evaluated by sex and age in wildlife studies, the age of birds is an indispensable knowledge, but in this respect, it is sufficient to distinguish between adult and juvenile specimens, and a finer-scale grouping is not common practice in Hungarian woodcock research, although the criteria for this classification are also presented in this paper for the sake of completeness. The distinction between juvenile and adult age classes is based on the degree of moulting, and the examination of this for each group of feathers in the wing, for which the following stamps should be considered: In juvenile specimens, the large upper wing coverts are short and narrow, with a typically dull reddish-brown to brownish tint, the black parts also dull, and the down at the base of the feathers less developed. In juvenile secondaries, the rusty, cinnamon-brown striping near the shaft of the feather is distally pointed and reduced to a triangular dark patch. The characteristic light spot on the underside of the tail-feathers is a dull shade of greyish white, with a more diffuse light brown pattern than on the adult plumage. (Figure 5). First-year birds can be distinguished from older birds by the wear and shape of the tips of the 8th to 10th primaries, which are not shed during juvenile moulting. In addition to their weariness, it should be noted that they are distinctly pointed, not concave, and their edges are usually not bone-coloured. Primaries have a wide edge (1,5-2,5 mm), which is usually the same brownish colour as the ridge pattern. The contrast can be stark for the greater coverts, because birds that hatch early in the breeding season have time to shed all the greater coverts before the autumn migration, so these feathers already reflect adult characteristics. During the first wintering, the tips of the 5th and 6th primaries are slightly convex, and the wing covers have a sugar-loaf tip. The light patch at the base of the tail-feathers is white at this stage, the brown pattern is well defined and not diffuse. Adults moult between July and September (primaries, secondaries, tertials and tail-feathers), so their plumage is free from wear in autumn and winter, compared to the worn, poorer condition of the first-year birds with unmoulted feathers. The tip of the 5th and 6th primaries in adult birds is broadly flattened and slightly concave. The tips of primaries have narrow edges (<1,5 mm), usually white with a bone colour. All greater upper-wing coverts are reddish brown. and light brown with a light pattern. Fairly long and broad, with well-developed down at the base. The greater under-wing coverts (typically the primary coverts of primaries and secondaries) are greyish with broad, “angular” tips. Occasionally adults do not fully shed juvenile wing feathers, so these can also be seen in second-year birds (Figure 6).
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Philadelpho Azevedo, Natalia, Marta Brito Guimarães i Antônio José Piantino Ferreira. "Circovirus and polyomavirus in psittacine – review". Clínica Veterinária XX, nr 114 (2.01.2015): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46958/rcv.2015.xx.n.114.p.72-80.
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The circovirus (BFDV) and the avian polyomavirus (APV) are common viral agents that threaten parrots in captivity. The first APV infection in birds has been described in young Australian budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), being since associated with high mortality and morbidity in other psittacines. The BFDV is the causative agent of beak and feathers disease, which occurs almost exclusively in psittacines, birds from the order Psittaciformes, especially in aviaries, quarantine facilities and pet stores. Both diseases cause feather alterations, nonspecific clinical signs and sudden death. The similarity of the clinical presentation of these agents makes it difficult to obtain a diagnosis without laboratory results. This paper reviews the literature on these viroses and compares both diseases.
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Hannah, Sophie. "White Feathers". Critical Quarterly 47, nr 1-2 (lipiec 2005): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0011-1562.2005.00625.x.
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Foster, T. "Feathers and Hair". Minnesota Review 2005, nr 63-64 (1.03.2005): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00265667-2005-63-64-37.
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Avdiyuk, K. V., i L. D. Varbanets. "Substrate Specificity of Bacillus megaterium UСM B-5710 Keratinase". Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 85, nr 5 (23.10.2023): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.05.003.
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The specifics of the processing of livestock and poultry products is that in the process of obtaining the main marketable products, about half the feedstock at various stages of the technological process turns into waste that pollutes the environment. These by-products contain large amounts of the hard-to-digest keratin protein. The use of specific enzymes capable of degrading this protein helps not only to reduce the negative anthropogenic impact on nature but also to obtain valuable hydrolysates that can be used as a fertilizer for plants or a feed additive. The aim of this work was to study the ability of Bacillus megaterium UCM B-5710 to split various keratin-containing substrates: black and white chicken feathers, white turkey feathers, parrot feathers of various colors, sheep wool, pig bristles, and baby hair and nails. Methods. The culture was grown under conditions of submerged cultivation at 40 °C, with a nutrient medium stirring rate of 201 rpm for 6 days. For growth, a basic nutrient medium containing 0.5% defatted chicken feathers or other keratin-containing substrates as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen were used. Keratinase activity was assessed by UV absorption at 280 nm of hydrolysis products of keratin-containing raw materials. Protein was determined by the Lowry method, caseinolytic (total proteolytic) activity was determined by the Anson method modified by Petrova, and amino acid content was determined by the ninhydrin method. The degree of hydrolysis of the substrates was evaluated by the ratio of the initial and final weight of the substrate. Results. It was shown that the synthesis of keratinase by the culture of B. megaterium UCM B-5710 begins from the 6th hour of cultivation. The level of protein and proteolytic activity and the content of amino acids increased throughout the entire period of culture growth. The supernatant of the culture liquid of B. megaterium UCM B-5710 was most effective in splitting white chicken’s and turkey’s feathers, a little slower — feathers of black chicken and blue parrots, as well as wool of white sheep. According to the degree of splitting, the substrates used can be arranged in the following order: white turkey feathers > white chicken feathers > black chicken feathers > blue parrot feathers > white sheep wool > baby nails > pig bristle > baby hair. The study of the effect of feather color on the resistance to decomposition showed that black, blue, and red feathers are more resistant, which coincides with the literature data. Conclusions. B. megaterium UCM B-5710 produces keratinase capable of splitting both α- and β-keratins, however, with different efficiencies and rates.
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Song, Chaodong, Rui Liu, Doudou Yin, Chenjie Xie, Ying Liang, Dengfeng Yang, Mingguo Jiang, Hongyan Zhang i Naikun Shen. "A Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Unveils the Mechanisms of Response in Feather Degradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gxun-7". Microorganisms 12, nr 4 (22.04.2024): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040841.
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Microbial degradation of feathers offers potential for bioremediation, yet the microbial response mechanisms warrant additional investigation. In prior work, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gxun-7, which demonstrated robust degradation of feathers at elevated concentrations, was isolated. However, the molecular mechanism of this degradation remains only partially understood. To investigate this, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to examine the genes that were expressed differentially in P. aeruginosa Gxun-7 when exposed to 25 g/L of feather substrate. The RNA-seq analysis identified 5571 differentially expressed genes; of these, 795 were upregulated and 603 were downregulated. Upregulated genes primarily participated in proteolysis, amino acid, and pyruvate metabolism. Genes encoding proteases, as well as those involved in sulfur metabolism, phenazine synthesis, and type VI secretion systems, were notably elevated, highlighting their crucial function in feather decomposition. Integration of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) taxonomies, combined with a review of the literature, led us to propose that metabolic feather degradation involves environmental activation, reducing agent secretion, protease release, peptide/amino acid uptake, and metabolic processes. Sulfite has emerged as a critical activator of keratinase catalysis, while cysteine serves as a regulatory mediator. qRT–PCR assay results for 11 selected gene subset corroborated the RNA-seq findings. This study enhances our understanding of the transcriptomic responses of P. aeruginosa Gxun-7 to feather degradation and offers insights into potential degradation mechanisms, thereby aiding in the formulation of effective feather waste management strategies in poultry farming.
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Nardoni, Simona, i Francesca Mancianti. "Survey of Keratinophilic Fungi from Feathers of Birds in Tuscany". Biology 10, nr 12 (13.12.2021): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10121317.
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Although keratinophilic fungi on avian feathers have been widely described, data from European literature are quite lacking regarding Mediterranean countries. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the occurrence of fungal species on feathers of different avian species in Italy. A total of 378 feather samples from both aquatic (n = 254) and terrestrial birds (n = 124), for a total of 30 bird species, were cultured for keratinophilic fungi. Fungal isolates were recognized by their macro- and micro-scopical morphology, and results were corroborated by PCR and sequencing. Keratinophilic fungi belonging to 11 different species (Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Chrysosporium keratinophilum, Trichophyton terrestre, Microsporum gypseum, Sepedonium sp., Chrysosporium pannorum, Myriodontium sp., Chrysosporium tropicum, Chrysosporium pruinosum, Chrysosporium luteum and Aphanoascus fulvescens) were isolated from 71 animals (18.8%). The frequency of isolation of keratinophilic species from terrestrial birds was significantly higher in waterfowl. Migratory birds in Italy have been proven to carry pathogenic fungi such as dermatophytes, (A. platyrhyncos, A. crecca, E. rubecula), besides saprophytic species.
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Faagai, Alana Kamalalawalu. "Ruffled Native Feathers". a/b: Auto/Biography Studies 31, nr 3 (28.06.2016): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08989575.2016.1183340.
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Wojahn, D. "The Apotheosis of Charlie Feathers". Literary Imagination 10, nr 2 (27.10.2007): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/litimag/imn007.
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Sandlos, John. "From Within Fur and Feathers: Animals in Canadian Literature". TOPIA: Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies 4 (wrzesień 2000): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/topia.4.73.
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Grajewska, Agnieszka, Lucyna Falkowska i Andrzej Reindl. "Evaluation of claws as an alternative route of mercury elimination from the herring gull (Larus argentatus)". Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 48, nr 2 (26.06.2019): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2019-0015.
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Abstract Mercury enters the body of seabirds in its most toxic organic form, i.e. methylmercury, mainly via the alimentary tract. Inside the body, mercury is transformed into less toxic forms and accumulates in the internal organs. The process of mercury removal from the body, most effective during the formation of new feathers and claws, is beneficial for the bird. The presented research was undertaken on account of the high affinity of mercury to keratin – a protein that forms feathers and claws – to compare the concentration levels (HgTOT) in these structures and to assess their contribution to the purification of the body of herring gulls (Larus argentatus) Bird feathers are the only epidermal structure that is extensively described in the literature, whereas the claws have so far been poorly researched. The study has shown that mercury in claws is built in as effectively as in feathers, and the obtained concentrations were within a wide range of 127.2–5341.5 ng HgTOT g–1 of dry weight. In addition, the concentrations of total mercury accumulated in the claws were a better reflection of Hg levels in internal organs compared to feathers.
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Mack, Andrew L., i Debra D. Wright. "The Vulturine Parrot, Psittrichas fulgidus, a threatened New Guinea endemic: notes on its biology and conservation". Bird Conservation International 8, nr 2 (czerwiec 1998): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900003257.
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SummaryVulturine Parrots Psittrichas fulgidus are endemic to the island of New Guinea. A review of the literature and specimen holdings indicate the species mostly occurs 500 to 1800 m a.s.l. Observations suggest the species occurs in low densities. The species is a highly specialized frugivore feeding on just a few species of figs (Ficus, Moraceae). These parrots are heavily exploited (often by destroying scarce nesting cavities) in Papua New Guinea for their feathers, used in traditional adornment. This practice might not be sustainable and four possible conservation measures are suggested: (1) increase field studies; (2) restrict transport of live birds on domestic flights; (3) replace use of Psittrichas feathers with dyed chicken feathers; (4) instruct tourists not to purchase handicrafts containing Psittrichas or other animal parts.
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Hill, J. "Hope is the thing with feathers". Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 9, nr 1 (1.01.2002): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/9.1.262.
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Woo, Terence, Firoz Alam i Alex Kootsookos. "scientific development of badminton shuttlecocks". Sustainability and Sports Science Journal 2, nr 3 (26.06.2024): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.55860/zqqe3823.
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This paper reviews published works of the field of badminton research within the past 50 years, focusing primarily on the design and flight dynamics of shuttlecocks to identify any knowledge gap. With regards to shuttlecock research, various methodologies involving empirical and theoretical studies including: wind tunnel testing, simulation, shuttlecock design and prototyping, have been presented. To improve the readability, studies are discussed collectively based on the nature of the investigation according to whether empirical and/or combinations of theoretical approaches have been implemented. Upon reviewing the current body of literature, it is believed that there is a lack of emphasis in correlating the structural and aerodynamics aspects of the badminton shuttlecock. Further investigation into the structural mechanics of the bird feathers used for natural feather shuttlecocks may serve as an inspiration in the development of subsequent synthetic shuttlecock designs.
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Alexandre, Sandy. "Just Feathers: Righting Wrongs with Georgia Douglas Johnson’s Plumes". Modern Drama 62, nr 4 (listopad 2019): 439–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/md.s1022.
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Avdiyuk, K. V., V. A. Ivanytsia i L. D. Varbanets. "Screening of Enzyme Producers with Keratinase Activity among Marine Actinobacteria". Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 83, nr 2 (17.04.2021): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj83.02.012.
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About 2 million tons of feathers are produced annually around the world as a by-product of poultry farming. Due to the lack of funds and the complexity of processing, they have become one of the main environmental pollutants. The biodegradation of feathers by keratinolytic microorganisms has proven to be an effective, environmentally friendly and cost-effective method of bioconverting feather waste into a nutritious, balanced and easily digestible product that contains free amino acids, peptides and ammonium ions. Aim. To investigate the ability of marine actinobacteria to synthesize enzymes with keratinolytic activity and to study some of the physicochemical properties of the most active enzyme preparation. The object of the study was 10 strains of actinobacteria isolated from bottom sediments in the area of the Pradneprovsky trench of the Black Sea shelf. Methods. Caseinolytic (general proteolytic) activity was determined by the Anson method modified by Petrova, based on the quantitative determination of tyrosine, which is formed during the enzymatic hydrolysis of casein. Keratinase activity was determined by UV absorption at 280 nm of the hydrolysis products of keratin-containing raw materials. The cultivation of actinobacteria was carried out in a liquid nutrient medium with the addition of defatted chicken feathers as the main source of carbon and nitrogen. Results. The ability to hydrolyze keratin was found in five cultures. Moreover, all the strains studied were practically unable to break down casein. The Acty 9 strain (12 U/ml) showed the highest keratinase activity. Additional introduction of NaCl to the nutrient medium did not have a positive effect on the enzymes synthesis. The study of the physicochemical properties of the enzyme preparation Acty 9 showed that the pH and thermooptimum were 9.0 and 60°C, respectively. It retained 100% of the initial activity in the range of pH 7.0–10.0 after 3 h and 95% activity at pH 8.0 after 24 h of incubation. The studied enzyme preparation was thermostable, since it remained active for 3 h at 50°C and 1 h at 60°C. Conclusions. The extracellular keratinase synthesized by actinobacterium Acty 9 is promising for further research, since the enzyme is pH and thermostable and is not inferior in its physicochemical properties to those previously described in the literature.
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Pewewardy, Cornel. "Fluff and Feathers: Treatment of American Indians in the Literature and the Classroom". Equity & Excellence in Education 31, nr 1 (kwiecień 1998): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1066568980310110.
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Carcassola, Marina Vivianne, Fernanda Bocalini, Mercival Roberto Francisco i Luís Fábio Silveira. "Plumage Variation and Sex Ratio in the Brown-Backed Parrotlet (Touit melanonotus; Psittacidae)". Diversity 15, nr 10 (30.09.2023): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15101055.
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The Brown-backed Parrotlet, Touit melanonotus, is a rare endemic bird to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, currently considered as “Vulnerable” in the Brazilian Red List of Threatened Species. We estimated the sex ratio of a wild flock of T. melanonotus using molecular markers, examined morphological variation in 34 museum specimens to test for sexual dimorphism, and conducted a literature review about sex ratio in Psittacidae for comparative purposes. We found a sex ratio of 0.8:1 (male/female; n = 29) in T. melanonotus, and a χ2 Goodness-of-fit test showed no significant difference from equality (p > 0.05). We describe three main categories in plumage: the first (and most common) comprises uniformly lime green birds, slightly darker on the head. The second is composed of individuals who are overall lighter, with the breast feathers washed with light greenish gray, and feathers of the head being dark lime green, presenting a sharp contrast with the breast feathers. The third and the rarest one is composed of birds with light greenish gray underparts with emerald green and darker upper parts. T. melanonotus has no apparent sexual dimorphism. We found no evidence of geographic variation. Sex ratio deviation may not be a parameter increasing the vulnerability of the species. Data like these represent a big leap in the knowledge of the species and has the potential to help and inform conservation efforts.
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Benedetti, Beatriz, Tailisi Trevizani, Rosalinda Montone, Maria Petry i Rubens Figueira. "Mercury in Brown Booby (Sula leucogaster) Feathers from the São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago as a Tool for Environmental Biomonitoring". ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION 17, nr 2 (31.01.2023): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5132/eec.2022.02.04.
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Seabirds are important bioindicators of environmental quality as their feathers contain records of metal concentration. Among the metals, mercury (Hg) is toxic, causing damage to the organism even in small concentrations. The objective of this study is to determine and evaluate the total Hg levels in brown booby feathers in the São Pedro and São Paulo archipelago (SPSPA) (0º55´02´´N; 29º20´42´´W), comparing to literature levels of metal in feathers of different Sula species in several locations from Brazil and elsewhere in the world. To determine Hg levels, the study uses the methodology of partial digestion of collected feathers, followed by the analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES). The average value of the Hg concentration was 2.6 ± 3.5 mg kg-11, which is below the threshold for the occurrence of adverse effects due to mercury toxicity in seabirds. For the statistical analysis of comparison between sexes of the SPSPA population, and for comparison between species of the genus Sula in different places around the world, this study uses Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey test. There was no significant difference between sexes in Hg concentration. However, there was a significant difference between the compared sites, demonstrating that the SPSPA has a low Hg concentration, differing only from Daphne Island, Galapagos a region with high Hg atmospheric deposition due to its climatic conditions. Between the species of the genus Sula, the study detected a significant difference in the accumulation of Hg. The species S. leucogaster differed from the species S. granti, which is also associated with Galapagos. The other species displayed accumulation of Hg resembling that of S. leucogaster, confirming a similarity between their nourishment habits and their trophic niches. The results support future Hg monitoring programs in this important Marine Conservation Unit and Environmental Protection Area.
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Mazzoni, Cristina. "Of Golden Feathers and Light Reading: Guido Gozzano's "Piumadoro e Piombofino"". Quaderni d'italianistica 29, nr 1 (1.01.2008): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/q.i..v29i1.8495.
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Guido Gozzano's "Piumadoro e Piombofino" (1909) is a text light in terms of genre (a literary fairy tale), style (six short, poetic segments, rich in repetitions and fantastic elements), and, most obviously, content (the eponymous protagonist suffers from a spell that has made her body weightless). A comparison between Gozzano's tale and its two literary antecedents — George MacDonald's "The Light Princess" and Luigi Capuana's "Piuma d'oro" — reveals a play with citations and literary models analogous to that found in Gozzano's poetry as well as the addition of significant social reflections: Gozzano's protagonist overcomes the hurdles of a difficult age (embodied in the tasks of the Fairy of Adolescence); she saves the man she loves rather than the other way around; she starts out at the lowest social rank and becomes, in the end, a queen.
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Salleh, MZM, MK Hadj-Kali, AAI Luthfi i MA Hashim. "Predictive solubility of amino acids in deep eutectic solvents for chicken feather waste valorisation". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1257, nr 1 (1.10.2022): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1257/1/012023.
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Abstract Waste chicken feathers can be potentially utilized by its dissolution in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to extract keratin. Keratin in chicken feathers is composed by a series of amino acids which can be categorized into negatively charged, positively charged, hydrophobic and hydrophilic natures. As the DESs are also composed by polar and non-polar moieties, their capability to dissolve amino acids needs to be investigated. In this study, the relative solubility of these amino acids in DESs were screened using Conductor-like Screening Method for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS). Five DESs were selected from literature as the targeted solvents, i.e., choline chloride:urea (ChCl:Ur (1:2)), choline chloride:oxalic acid (ChCl:OA (1:2)), choline chloride:ethylene glycol (ChCl:EG (1:2)), sodium acetate:urea (NaAc:Ur (1:2)) and urea:acetate (Ur:Ace (1:2)), to dissolve amino acids in keratin according to the reported compositions. Additionally, the performance of these DESs were benchmarked with other common volatile organic solvents. It was found that the hydrophobic amino acids, particularly cystine, are highly soluble in ChCl:Ur (1:2), ChCl:OA (1:2) and Ur:Ace (1:2). The selected DESs were also predicted to have good dissolution capacity towards the hydrophobic amino acids. It was concluded that the use of DESs in dissolution and extraction of keratin provides more flexible dissolving capability and more environmentally friendly compared to the conventional organic or acidic solvents. This study provides positive insights on the potential of valorising chicken waste feathers using DESs.
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Rooke, Tetz. "Feathers from heaven: or what the paprika plant said to the hero". Middle Eastern Literatures 9, nr 2 (sierpień 2006): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14752620600814434.
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Ferroni, Claudia, i Greta Varchi. "Keratin-Based Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Carriers". Applied Sciences 11, nr 20 (11.10.2021): 9417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11209417.
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Keratin is a structural protein of mammalian tissues and birds, representing the principal constituent of hair, nails, skin, wool, hooves, horns, beaks, and feathers, and playing an essential role in protecting the body from external harassment. Due to its intrinsic features such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, responsiveness to specific biological environment, and physical–chemical properties, keratin has been extensively explored in the production of nanocarriers of active principles for different biomedical applications. In the present review paper, we aimed to give a literature overview of keratin-based nanoparticles produced starting from human hair, wool, and chicken feathers. Along with the chemical and structural description of keratin nanoparticles, selected in vitro and in vivo biological data are also discussed to provide a more comprehensive framework of possible fields of application of this protein. Despite the considerable number of papers describing the production and use of keratin nanoparticles as carries of anticancer and antimicrobial drugs or as hemostatic and wound healing materials, still, efforts are needed to implement keratin nanoparticles towards their clinical application.
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Singh, P., M. A. Jalil, P. Yupapin, J. Ali, M. A. Palomino, M. Toledo-Solano, K. Misaghian i in. "Topological and Optical Properties of Passeriformes’ Feathers: Biological UV Reflector Antenna". Optics 3, nr 4 (5.12.2022): 462–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/opt3040039.
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This manuscript explores the topological and optical properties of a Passeriformes bird feather. Inside the feather, the layers of keratin and melanin are responsible for light reflection, transmission, and absorption; notably, the miniature composition of melanosome barbules plays a crucial role in its reflective properties. We adopted a multilayer interference model to investigate light propagation throughout the Passeriformes plume. As a result, we obtained all necessary simulated results, such as resonance band, efficiency, and electromagnetic radiation patterns of the Passeriformes plume, and they were verified with the experimental results reported in the literature study regarding light reflectivity through its internal geometry. Interestingly, we discovered that the interior structure of the Passeriformes plume functions similarly to a UV reflector antenna.
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Moura, Fernanda Murakami, Isis Moury Fernandes de Melo Neta, Matheus Monteiro da Silva Cândido, Eryvelton de Souza Franco, Edenilze Teles Romeiro i Ana Carolina Messias de Souza Ferreira da Costa. "Giardia psittaci in non conventional pets: literature review". Concilium 23, nr 12 (27.06.2023): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-1494-23h26d.
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The genus Giardia spp is a flagellate protozoan with global distribution and is the cause of giardiasis in birds and mammals. Giardiasis is considered a common and important disease in psittaciformes and clinical signs include fatigue, decreased appetite and diarrhea, as well as dry skin, pecks and feathers. This work aimed to carry out a bibliographic review to analyze the frequency of Giardia psittaci in birds and its zoonotic potential. The clinical manifestations caused by giardiasis are complex and vary according to the host. Animal giardiasis tends to cause subclinical infection in most animals. Although relatively common in psittaciformes, giardiasis is considered rare in other captive birds. For this purpose, a bibliographic review was carried out, with a descriptive-discursive character, in order to gather articles and research that dealt with the theme. Differentiating the Giardia species found in captive psittaciformes will become critical for future work, especially to assess the risk of cross-species transmission and the zoonotic potential of keeping parrots as pets. As a result, the study was able to update the existing literature about Giardia psittaci and how the zoonosis affects birds.
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Ólafsdóttir, Karólína Rós. "Black Feathers and Poison Wine Decadent Aesthetics in Davíð Stefánsson’s Poetry". LEA - Lingue e Letterature d'Oriente e d'Occidente 6 (18.04.2024): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/lea-1824-484x-15114.
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Davíð Stefánsson (1895-1964) is a poet whose work marks a turning point in early twentieth-century Icelandic literature. This essay offers five new English translations from his first collection Black Feathers (Svartar Fjaðrir,1919) and introduces a new decadent perspective. Decadence is widely regarded as flourishing in emergent modern societies, but, as this essay shows, its influence extended beyond western Europe. Written in a remote place, Stefánsson’s decadence speaks to an aesthetic of emptiness and atemporality. These poems broaden our conception of decadence and evidence a rich cultural hybridity, showing the influence of various traditions including symbolism, the Gothic, folk-songs, and decadence.
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Hobson, Keith A., Robert B. Brua, William L. Hohman i Len I. Wassenaar. "Low Frequency of “Double Molt” of Remiges in Ruddy Ducks Revealed by Stable Isotopes: Implications for Tracking Migratory Waterfowl". Auk 117, nr 1 (1.01.2000): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/117.1.129.
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Abstract Ratios of the stable carbon (δ13C) and hydrogen (δD) isotopes in newly grown remiges of Ruddy Ducks (Oxyura jamaicensis) are influenced by the isotopic character of food types and ambient water. Systematic isotopic foodweb and water differences between coastal wintering grounds and prairie breeding grounds of Ruddy Ducks provide the basis for using isotopic analyses of feathers to trace the location and timing of molt. Anecdotal evidence, based largely on captive birds, suggests that Ruddy Ducks replace their remiges twice each year (once each on the breeding and wintering grounds), but a recent literature analysis indicates that this phenomenon is rare. Thus, we investigated the extent to which a biannual molt of the remiges occurs in the wild and at the population level. We analyzed the stable isotopes of carbon (n = 57 birds) and hydrogen (n = 50 birds) in flight feathers to estimate the prevalence of the so-called “double molt” of remiges in free-living Ruddy Ducks. Our data showed that natural populations of Ruddy Ducks express an overwhelming unimodal distribution of isotope ratios in their remiges, suggesting that they undergo a single molt at or near the breeding grounds. Only 3 to 6 of 50 birds from Manitoba showed isotopic evidence consistent with growing remiges on the wintering grounds. Feathers from Ruddy Ducks harvested during the fall in the Mississippi Flyway had isotopic profiles consistent with growth on northern freshwater breeding sites. Thus, our results confirm that the replacement of remiges twice each year by Ruddy Ducks is rare, and they suggest that this dual stable-isotope technique can be used to infer general molting origins of North American waterfowl.
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Hansen, Mascha. "Breakfast at Frogmore and Feathers in Portman Square: Women’s Property and Elite Sociability". Études anglaises Vol. 74, nr 3 (23.11.2021): 300–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/etan.743.0300.
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Pulidori, Elena, José Gonzalez-Rivera, Chiara Pelosi, Carlo Ferrari, Luca Bernazzani, Emilia Bramanti, Maria Rosaria Tiné i Celia Duce. "Thermochemical Evaluation of Different Waste Biomasses (Citrus Peels, Aromatic Herbs, and Poultry Feathers) towards Their Use for Energy Production". Thermo 3, nr 1 (10.01.2023): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/thermo3010004.
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The biomass waste obtained at the end-of-pipe of the extraction industry can be used as fuel for energy production, aiming at cost reduction/waste disposal issues. However, few systematic investigations into the calorific value of these residues are reported in the literature. In this work, the thermochemical properties of solid residues from different biomasses (residues from citrus peels, leaves, flowers, stems, and poultry feathers used for extraction) as potential biomass fuels have been investigated. The heat of combustion (ΔcH) of the solid residues from citrus (orange, tangerine, lemon, grapefruit, and pomelo), aromatic herbs (rosemary, lavender, thyme, Artemisia vulgaris L. and Ruta chalepensis L.), and poultry feathers biomasses was measured by direct calorimetry. The results were compared with the higher heating values (HHV) calculated using the elemental (CHNOS) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses data and with the enthalpy of combustion calculated using the biomass composition predicted by FTIR spectroscopy in tandem with chemometrics. The calculated values match with the corresponding experimental values of ΔcH. The heat of combustion highlights the energetic features of solid residues for their potential uses as alternative biomass for energy production. This information is essential to evaluate the employment of solid residues as fossil fuel substitutes.
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Mo, Matthew, i Elouise Mo. "A juvenile Eastern Spinebill Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris escapes from entrapment after colliding with an Australian Golden Orb-weaving Spider Trichonephila edulis web". Australian Field Ornithology 41 (2024): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo41092095.
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This note describes an observation of a juvenile Eastern Spinebill Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris escaping from spider silk twice in rapid succession. First, the bird collided with the web of an Australian Golden Orb-weaving Spider Trichonephila edulis, from which it was able to free itself. Then, it became temporarily affixed to a tree branch by a portion of silk still attached to its tail-feathers. Although this individual escaped both events, the mean body mass of the Eastern Spinebill (11 g) places the species within the size range of birds documented in the scientific literature to have succumbed to web entrapment.
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Hanß, Stefan, i Ulinka Rublack. "Knowledge Production, Image Networks, and the Material Significance of Feathers in Late Humanist Heidelberg". Renaissance Quarterly 74, nr 2 (2021): 412–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rqx.2021.2.
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Examining the three volumes of birds assembled by Marcus zum Lamm (1544–1606), a Calvinist lawyer, court official, and church councillor in Heidelberg, this article explores visual and material cultures at a Calvinist court. We argue that Lamm was a pioneer in the production of new ornithological knowledge, an entrepreneur and enthusiast who experimented with colors and the arts in order to develop a means of representation that captured the vibrancy of feathers as a new and hitherto-unexplored feature for the classification of birds.
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Katerynych, P. "FEATHERS IN THE PRESS: HOW MEDIA COVERAGE SHAPES BIRD CONSERVATION". State and Regions. Series: Social Communications, nr 1(53) (19.05.2023): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32840/cpu2219-8741/2023.1(53).6.
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<p><strong><em>The purpose </em></strong><em>of this study is to analyze the media coverage and impact of five different bird conservation cases, namely Recovery of the California Condor population, Bird collisions with buildings, Plastic pollution in oceans affecting seabirds, Illegal bird trade in Southeast Asia, and the conservation of the Spoon-billed Sandpiper.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research Methodology</em></strong><em>. For this study, we conducted a literature review of relevant articles, news reports, and scientific papers on the five selected cases. We analyzed the media coverage and impact of these cases using a table format, which included information such as the research data, case description, media coverage, media impact, and suggestions for future coverage.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results</em></strong><em>. Our analysis revealed that the media plays a crucial role in raising awareness and driving action on bird conservation issues. For example, in the case of the Recovery of the California Condor population, the media coverage helped to create public support for conservation efforts. Similarly, in the case of the Illegal bird trade in Southeast Asia, media coverage raised public awareness, leading to policy changes and stricter law enforcement. However, our analysis also revealed that some cases received less media coverage than others. For instance, the issue of Bird collisions with buildings received less attention, despite being a significant threat to bird populations globally. We suggest that the media can use interactive techniques, such as virtual reality experiences, to increase public awareness of this issue and drive action towards reducing bird collisions.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty</em></strong><em>. This study’s novelty lies in its comprehensive analysis of media coverage and impact across five different bird conservation cases. We provide suggestions for future coverage and highlight the importance of media engagement in driving conservation efforts.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical Importance</em></strong><em>. Our analysis provides insights into the media’s role in bird conservation and suggests strategies for effective coverage of these issues. This study’s practical importance lies in its potential to drive action and create public support for bird conservation efforts globally.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> Bird conservation, Media coverage, Media impact, California Condor, Bird collisions, Plastic pollution, Illegal bird trade, Spoon-billed Sandpiper.</em></p>
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Porter, W. P., D. F. Parkhurst i P. A. McClure. "Critical radius of endotherms". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 250, nr 4 (1.04.1986): R699—R707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1986.250.4.r699.
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The critical radius effect for insulation, well known in the engineering literature, was used by other authors to explain the lack of insulation on newborn endotherms. If that effect existed in small animals, they would lose less heat if nude than if fur or feathers were present. We show 1) that the previous analysis, although incomplete, yields the same result as a solid insulation model with the required sophistication and 2) that a proper model of fur is a porous media model. Neither of two porous media versions yield a critical radius effect. No critical radius effect occurs because simultaneous heat transfer by conduction and radiation makes it impossible to obtain the required logarithmic increase in thermal resistance with increasing insulation radius in a porous medium.
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Siddique, Shifa, Priyanka Shankarishan i Munquad Habibi. "Avipox: Morphology, Host Spectrum, Epidemiology, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment". UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 44, nr 22 (4.11.2023): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i223736.
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Avian pox is an infectious, slow-spreading, highly contagious viral disease that has been reported in numerous number of species of birds. These affect domesticated and free-ranging birds, resulting in economic losses in the poultry industry. They are thought to be highly host-specific but certain factors have changed this specificity pattern. In recent times, the emergence of avian pox infection has drastically increased involving new species as well. Infection is commonly observed in anatomical locations where feathers are absent, such as the toes, legs, or head, as well as in the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract. Quails and hawks are usually unaffected, but chickens, turkeys, canaries, and pigeons are highly susceptible to infection. While death can occur in severely affected birds, the disease more commonly results in weight loss, stunted growth, and decreased egg production. It is interesting to observe that the ailment was initially recorded in feathered creatures in the seventeenth century. In our review, we conducted a comprehensive literature search to collect relevant data. This search was primarily carried out using reputable academic databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar. The specific search terms and keywords employed in these databases are Avipox and Fowl pox. Additionally, the references have been precisely cited to ensure transparency and provide readers with access to the sources used in our study. This article contains all the details of the Avipox virus-like morphology, host, prevention, and treatment
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Bates, Zach. "Imagining the Sudan in British Film, 1925–53". Journal of British Cinema and Television 17, nr 3 (lipiec 2020): 334–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2020.0532.
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Due to its status as a territory under the joint rule of Egypt and Britain, the Sudan occupied an awkward place in the British Empire. Because of this, it has not received much attention from scholars. In theory, it was not a colony, but, in practice, the Sudan was ruled primarily by British administrators and was the site of several developmental schemes, most of which concerned cotton-growing and harnessing the waters of the Nile. It was also the site of popular literature, travelogues and the most well-known of Alexander Korda's empire films. This article focuses on five British films – Cotton Growing in the Sudan (c.1925), Stark Nature (1930), Stampede (1930), The Four Feathers (1939) and They Planted a Stone (1953) – that take the Sudan as their subject. It argues that each of these films shows an evolving and related discourse of the region that embraced several motifs: cooperation as the foundation of the relationship between the Sudanese and the British; Sudanese peoples in conflict with a sometimes hostile landscape and environment that the British could ‘tame’; and the British being in the Sudan in order to improve it and its people before leaving them to self-government. However, some of the films, especially The Four Feathers, subtly questioned and subverted the British presence in the Sudan and engaged with a number of the political questions not overtly mentioned in documentaries. The article, therefore, argues for a nuanced and complex picture of representations of the Sudan in British film from 1925 to 1953.
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Breunlin, Rachel. "Bridge Work: Repatriating Mardi Gras Indian Photography with the House of Dance & Feathers". African Arts 46, nr 2 (czerwiec 2013): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/afar_a_00065.
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Reynolds, Andrew. "Feathers and Suns: Joseph Brodsky's "Dedal V Sitsilii" and the "Fear of Replication"". Slavic and East European Journal 51, nr 3 (1.10.2007): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20459527.
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Naqvi, Syed Izfar Haider. "A-7 Understanding the terminology of mysticism in the light of Risala-tul-Qasheeria". Al-Aijaz Research Journal of Islamic Studies & Humanities 4, nr 2 (20.12.2020): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.53575/a7.v4.02(20).97-106.
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All branches of knowledge, art and literature contain multiple distinctions in themselves which distinguish them from one another. The Sufi Literature too, has many such feathers in its cap which make bring prominence to it mong the rest. Isharaat e Sufia – the metaphors and symbols, are of pivotal significance in this context. Imam Qusheri (D.465) has used many Ishaaraat i.e. metaphors and symbols, in his “Risala Qusheria” and explained their meanings to in sufistic context to avoid misunderstanding and confusion in their meanings by the preceding scholars and Salikeens. The words like Time, Space, Metaphysics, Ecstasy, Haal, Alhaibat, Being, Self and Jama ul Jama have their specific meanings in typical Sufi context. This helps avoide distraction regarding false meanings and hence, explanation of Sufi terms. This also restricts the students and scholars of Sufism in drawing and there after relying the wrong interpretation of Ishaaraat. In this article, a conscious effort has been made to explore the symbols and metphors of Sufism (Ishaaraat e Taswuf) and their meanmgs used by Imam Qusheri
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Irfan, Muhammad, Nasir Mukhtar, Tanveer Ahmad i Muhammad Tanveer Munir. "Gastric impaction: an important health and welfare issue of growing ostriches". Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 53, nr 4 (1.12.2020): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2020-0016.
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AbstractOstrich farming serves as a source for meat, feathers, skin, eggs, and oil. In general, ostriches are hardy birds that can resist a wide range of climatic harshness and some diseases. However, musculoskeletal and digestive complications, including the gastric impaction, remain the major cause of mortality. The gastrointestinal impaction alone is responsible for 30 – 46% of spontaneous deaths in growing ostriches. The literature review of 21 publications on this subject has shown that 90% of these incidents happen during first six months of life. The aetiology of this problem is mostly stress and behaviour-related gorging of feed and picking on non-feeding materials such as stone, sand, wood pieces, plastic, glass, and metallic objects. Conservative therapy or surgical approaches show good results with almost 70 to 100% recovery depending upon the clinical presentation and timely diagnosis. Overall, this literature review describes impaction in farmed ostriches, along with diagnosis, treatment, and control and preventive measures. This information will help stakeholders understand the gastrointestinal impaction in ratites to better manage this issue, reduce economic losses, and improve welfare of the birds.
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Maj, Izabella. "Significance and Challenges of Poultry Litter and Cattle Manure as Sustainable Fuels: A Review". Energies 15, nr 23 (28.11.2022): 8981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238981.
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Growing animal production results in a significant amount of waste, composed of manure, bedding, feed, feathers, etc., whose safe and cost-effective disposal becomes a troublesome challenge. The literature review points out that the higher heating value (HHV) of animal-origin waste reaches 19 MJ/kg (dry basis), which positions it as a promising renewable energy source. Various paths of energy recovery were investigated in the literature, but the thermal processes, particularly combustion and co-combustion, were indicated as the most effective from both technical and environmental points of view. The presented study reviews the fuel characteristics, possible combustion-related challenges, and ash disposal routes of the most popular animal-origin waste: poultry litter and cow (cattle) manure with a slight sight on piggery (swine) manure. When considering animal-origin feedstock as fuel, usually only animal species is given (poultry, cattle, etc.). However, according to the analyzed literature data, this is not sufficient information. Several more factors crucially influence the fuel and ash properties of animal waste and the most vital are: the housing system, type of bedding, and farming style. Animal litter is considered a “difficult” fuel, nevertheless, it does not always cause combustion-related problems. Some analyzed feedstock feature low chlorine concentrations and high ash melting temperatures, which makes them combustion-friendly.
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Ausems, Anne N. M. A., Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas i Dariusz Jakubas. "Differences in tail feather growth rate in storm-petrels breeding in the Northern and Southern hemisphere: a ptilochronological approach". PeerJ 7 (15.10.2019): e7807. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7807.
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Moulting and breeding are costly stages in the avian annual cycle and may impose trade-offs in energy allocation between both stages or in their timing. Here, we compared feather growth rates (FGR) of rectrices in adults between two pairs of small pelagic Procellariiformes species differing in moult-breeding strategies: the European storm-petrel Hydrobates pelagicus and Leach’s storm-petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa breeding in the Northern Hemisphere (Faroe Islands), showing moult-breeding overlap in tail feathers; and the Wilson’s storm-petrel Oceanites oceanicus and black-bellied storm-petrel Fregetta tropica, breeding in the Southern Hemisphere (South Shetlands), temporally separating moult and breeding. We used ptilochronology (i.e., feather growth bar width) to reconstruct FGR reflecting relative energy availability during moult. Based on previous research, we expected positive correlations between feather length (FL) and FGR. Additionally, we expected to find differences in FGR relative to FL between the moult-breeding strategies, where a relatively higher FGR to FL indicates a higher energy availability for moult. To investigate if energy availability during moult in the studied species is similar to species from other avian orders, we used FGR and FL found in literature (n = 164) and this study. We fitted a phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) model to FGR with FL, group (i.e., Procellariiformes vs. non-Procellariiformes) and the interaction FL * group as predictors. As it has been suggested that Procellariiformes may form two growth bars per 24 h, we fitted the same model but with doubled FGR for Procellariiformes (PGLSadj). The group term was significant in the PGLS model, but was not in the PGLSadj model, confirming this suggestion. Individually predicted FGR by the PGLSadj model based on FL, showed that the Southern species have a significantly higher FGR relative to FL compared to the Northern species. Additionally, we found no correlation between FL and FGR in the Northern species, and a positive correlation between FL and FGR in the Southern species, suggesting differences in the trade-off between feather growth and size between species from both hemispheres. The observed differences between the Northern and Southern species may be caused by different moult-breeding strategies. The Southern species may have had more energy available for moult as they are free from breeding duties during moult, while the Northern species may have had less free energy due to a trade-off in energy allocation between breeding and moulting. Our study shows how different moult-breeding strategies may affect relative nutritional condition or energy allocation during moult of migratory pelagic seabirds.
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Clark, Christopher J., Krista LePiane i Lori Liu. "Evolutionary and Ecological Correlates of Quiet Flight in Nightbirds, Hawks, Falcons, and Owls". Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, nr 5 (19.05.2020): 1123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa039.
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Synopsis Two hypotheses have been proposed for the evolution of structures that reduce flight sounds in birds. According to the stealth hypothesis, flying quietly reduces the ability of other animals (e.g., prey) to detect the animal’s approach from its flight sounds. This hypothesis predicts that animals hunting prey with acute hearing evolve silencing features. The self-masking hypothesis posits that reduced flight sounds permit the animal itself to hear better (such as the sounds of its prey, or its own echolocation calls) during flight. This hypothesis predicts that quieting features evolve in predators that hunt by ear, or in species that echolocate. Owls, certain hawks, and nightbirds (nocturnal Caprimulgiformes) have convergently evolved a sound-reducing feature: a velvety coating on the dorsal surface of wing and tail feathers. Here we document a fourth independent origin of the velvet, in the American kestrel (Falco sparverius). Among these four clades (hawks, falcons, nightbirds, and owls), the velvet is longer and better developed in wing and tail regions prone to rubbing with neighboring feathers, apparently to reduce broadband frictional noise produced by rubbing of adjacent feathers. We tested whether stealth or self-masking better predicted which species evolved the velvet. There was no support of echolocation as a driver of the velvet: oilbird(Steatornis caripensis) and glossy swiftlet (Collocalia esculenta) each evolved echolocation but neither had any velvet. A phylogenetic least squares fit of stealth and self-masking (to better hear prey sounds) provided support for both hypotheses. Some nightbirds (nightjars, potoos, and owlet-nightjars) eat flying insects that do not make much sound, implying the velvet permits stealthy approach of flying insects. One nightbird clade, frogmouths (Podargus) have more extensive velvet than other nightbirds and may hunt terrestrial prey by ear, in support of self-masking. In hawks, the velvet is also best developed in species known or suspected to hunt by ear (harriers and kites), supporting the self-masking hypothesis, but velvet is also present in reduced form in hawk species not known to hunt by ear, in support of the stealth hypothesis. American kestrel is not known to hunt by ear, and unlike the other falcons sampled, flies slowly (kite-like) when hunting. Thus the presence of velvet in it supports the stealth hypothesis. All owls sampled (n = 13 species) had extensive velvet, including the buffy fish-owl (Ketupa ketupu), contrary to literature claims that fish-owls had lost the velvet. Collectively, there is support for both the self-masking and stealth hypotheses for the evolution of dorsal velvet in birds.
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Kimura, Thais Harumi, Gabriel Aquino Rocha, Hermínio José da Rocha Neto, Miguel Ferreira Cavalcante Filho, Marcelo Campos Rodrigues i Lilian Silva Catenacci. "Prolapse and amputation of phallus in a greater rhea (Rhea americana) kept in captivity: Case report". Research, Society and Development 11, nr 3 (1.03.2022): e41411326015. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26015.
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Rheas are the largest birds in South America. Belonging to the order of Struthioniformes, they are bred in captivity for their beauty and also for the quality and use of their meat, leather, feathers and eggs. The objective of this report was to describe a case of prolapse and amputation of the phallus after clinical and surgical care of a greater rhea (Rhea americana), to contribute to the literature on the occurrence of this condition in ratites. The animal was raised and is kept in captivity at Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), in Teresina, Piaui state, Brazil. The animal relapsed after two attempts to reduce the phallus prolapse, requiring amputation, since the animal’s organ presented areas of necrosis. After the intervention, the animal was returned to the previous enclosure, regrouping with the flock without complications and maintained a normal pre-surgery behavior. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first case of phallus and cloaca prolapse reported in Rhea americana.
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Purdie, Rhiannon. "Borrowed Feathers: The Spurious Older Scots Ending to Chaucer’s Parliament of Fowls in Bodleian Library MS Arch. Selden. B. 24". Chaucer Review 59, nr 2 (kwiecień 2024): 135–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/chaucerrev.59.2.0135.
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ABSTRACT Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Arch. Selden. B. 24 has attracted attention in recent years for the witness it bears to the reception of Chaucer in late medieval Scotland. Its most striking example is the spurious seventy-nine-line ending attached to the Parliament of Fowls, edited afresh for this article. This article teases apart the work of the spurious ending’s author from that of the Selden copyist and investigates how, when, and why this peculiar Scottish rewriting of the end of Chaucer’s Parliament came about. That the spurious ending is indeed a Scottish composition is demonstrated through its linguistic features and sly allusions to two fifteenth-century Scots poems, Henryson’s “The Cock and the Fox” and Richard Holland’s Buke of the Howlat. These, in combination with textual and codicological details explored here, suggest strongly that this ending was written in conscious defiance, rather than ignorance, of Chaucer’s conclusion to the Parliament.
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Iglesias Pastrana, Carlos, Francisco Javier Navas González, Carmen Marín Navas, Ander Arando Arbulu, Antonio González Ariza, José Manuel León Jurado, María Gabriela Pizarro Inostroza i Maria Esperanza Camacho Vallejo. "Sexual Dimorphism for Coping Styles Complements Traditional Methods for Sex Determination in a Multivariety Endangered Hen Breed". Animals 9, nr 12 (17.12.2019): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9121165.
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Sex determination is key to designing endangered poultry population conservation and breeding programs when sex distribution departs from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. A total of 112 Utrerana chickens (28 per variety, partridge, black, white, and franciscan) were selected for hatching day sexing. Sex assignation was performed through 10 methods. Three sex assignment criteria comprised criteria found in literature, opposite criteria to that in the literature, and composite criteria combining methods reporting the highest predictive success from the previous ones. This study aims to determine which method combinations may more successfully determine sex across the four varieties of Utrerana endangered hen breed to tailor noninvasive early specific models to determine sex in local chicken populations. Although the explanatory power of the three assignation criteria is equal (75%), assignation criteria 2 resulted to be the most efficient as it correctly assigns males more frequently. Only methods 3 (English method), 5 (general down feathers coloration), 7 (wing fan), and 10 (behavior/coping styles) reported significant differences regardless of the variety, hence, are appropriate for early sexing. Sex confirmation was performed at 1.5 months old. Identifying sex proportions enhances genetic management tasks in endangered populations, complementing more standardized techniques, which may result inefficient given the implicit diversity found in local populations.
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Teixeira, Fagner Daniel, Elisa Paraíso Mesquita, Michele Alves Ferreira i Felipe Carvalho de Araújo. "Diet of Ornate Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus ornatus)". Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 27, nr 1 (marzec 2019): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03544444.
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AbstractThe Ornate Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus ornatus) is a top predator and inhabits mainly preserved forests. It occurs from Mexico to Argentina and throughout Brazil, where it is threatened by extinction. It hunts birds, mammals and reptiles, picking up both on the ground and on the branches in the forest. Here we report data on a pair and one young individual of this species registered in the southeast of Minas Gerais state, eastern portion of the Espinhaço Range, Brazil. In addition, a literature review on the diet of the species was carried out aiming gather data on food habits. The nesting territory, as well as the nest was discovered in semi-deciduous seasonal forest area. We recorded predation of a Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture (Cathartes burrovianus) by the young. After two days of observation, the nest was overthrown, what allowed its screening for other food items discovered after analysis of some feathers and bones. Detailed records of predation of S. ornatus were non-existent or inaccurate. Taking together our own field observation and the literature review, we found 121 taxa consumed by S. ornatus. A total of 78 bird species were reported, mainly Galliformes, followed by medium-sized mammals (38 species), well represented by Rodentia and Primates.
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Khomenko, Z., S. Guralska, S. Zaika, T. Kot i I. Sokulskiy. "Pathological and anatomical diagnosis of an ostrich spontaneou death (clinical case)". Naukovij vìsnik veterinarnoï medicini, nr 2(160) (24.11.2020): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2020-160-2-122-130.
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Ostriches tolerate extreme environmental conditions well. The reserve of their adaptive abilities is very high. These birds retain heat well in cold weather, covering their large legs with their large feathers, as well as in the heat, fluttering them to create coolness. As the experience of keeping ostriches on farms in Europe and Ukraine shows, they can withstand temperature to -15 °C, and in the African deserts- temperatures up to +56 °C. Therefore, given the climatic conditions in Ukraine, this branch of poultry, in fact, has the right to be realized and profitable. Due to the growth and development of ostrich farms in Ukraine and the significant lack of literature about the diseases of these birds, which are kept in private farms, zoos, the result of this study will be useful to get a general idea of the digestive system of ostriches and possible pathology, which is related to anatomical features of the digestive system of these birds. The ostrich autopsy was performed in the section hall of the Department of Anatomy and Histology of Polissya National University. Morphological data were analyzed and discussed to establish the etiology of the disease, postmortem diagnosis and cause of the animal’s death. Analyzing the results, it can be argued that the animal died as a result of hypothermia (as much of its body was deprived of feathers) and feeding it large, hard pieces of food, including fodder beets. The autopsy revealed a significant overflow of the stomach with feed masses, a large number of stones, leaves, grass and large pieces ofundigested beets, blockage of the pyloric orifice, which led to acute gastric enlargement, resulting in acute venous stasis in the lungs and liver, developed pulmonary and brain edema. The animal death occurred as a result of asphyxia. The results of the research can be used for comparative pathology of diseases of this species of birds. Key words: ostrich, stomach, pyloric orifice, intestine, lungs, liver, kidneys, venous stasis.
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Bodrati, Alejandro, Kristina L. Cockle, Facundo G. Di Sallo, Carlos Ferreyra, Sergio Salvador i Martjan Lammertink. "NESTING AND SOCIAL ROOSTING OF THE OCHRE-COLLARED PICULET (PICUMNUS TEMMINCKII) AND WHITE-BARRED PICULET (PICUMNUS CIRRATUS), AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF WOODPECKER (PICIDAE) BREEDING BIOLOGY". Ornitología Neotropical 26, nr 3 (9.02.2016): 223–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v26i3.55.
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To understand the evolution of reproductive strategies and social behavior in woodpeckers (Picidae), it is useful to compare breeding biology between the two largest subfamilies: Picinae (true woodpeckers) and Picumninae (piculets). The piculets include four species in the Old World (Sasia, Verreauxia, and Picumnus spp.) and a recent radiation of 25 Picumnus spp. in the Neotropics; however, information about their breeding biology is limited. We studied four nests and one roost of the Ochre-collared Piculet (Picumnus temminckii) in the Atlantic Forest of Misiones and eight nests of the White-barred Piculet (Picumnus cirratus) in the Chaco region, of Argentina, and reviewed the published literature on other species of Picumnus. Cavities were excavated in dead branches and tree trunks. Entrance diameters were 2.2 ± 0.2 cm (mean ± SE) for the Ochre-collared Piculet and 2.5 ± 0.1 cm for the White-barred Piculet. In both species, both parents excavated cavities, incubated eggs, fed nestlings, and maintained the cavity clean of feces. In the Ochre-collared Piculet, incubation lasted 13 days, on-bouts were 42 ± 4 (± SE) min for females and 48 ± 7 min for males, and nest attentiveness was nearly 100% during incubation and the first 10 days after hatching. Nestling Ochre-collared Piculets hatched without feathers, their eyes and pin feathers opened on day 13, and they fledged on days 26 and 27. Nestlings of both species were fed ant larvae and other small prey. In Ochre-collared Piculets, the rate of food delivery (especially by the female) increased with nestling age. Females removed 71% and males 29% of fecal sacs. Fledgling Picumnus have dark crowns and look like adult females, which is different from Sasia, Verreauxia, and most Picinae. Unlike Picinae, Picumnus parents roost together in their nest cavity before laying, throughout nesting, and (accompanied by their offspring) after fledging. They also roost in pairs or groups when not breeding. If Old World piculets also roost socially, this trait may reflect an ancestral condition of the woodpeckers.