Artykuły w czasopismach: „Faure law”

1

Fu, Hualing. "Economic Analysis of Law in China. Thomas Eger , Michael Faure , Zhang Naigen". China Journal 60 (lipiec 2008): 174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/tcj.60.20648003.

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Davies, Gareth. "Health and Efficiency: Community Law and National Health Systems in the Light of Muller-Faure". Modern Law Review 67, nr 1 (styczeń 2004): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.2004.06701005.x.

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3

Faure, Frédéric, i Masato Tsujii. "Micro-local analysis of contact Anosov flows and band structure of the Ruelle spectrum". Communications of the American Mathematical Society 4, nr 15 (20.11.2024): 641–745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/cams/40.

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We develop a geometric micro-local analysis of contact Anosov flow, such as the geodesic flow on negatively curved manifold. This micro-local analysis is based on the wavepacket transform discussed by Faure and Tsujii [Ann. H. Lebesgue 6 (2023), pp. 331–426]. The main result is that the transfer operator is well approximated (in the high frequency limit) by the quantization of the Hamiltonian flow naturally defined from the contact Anosov flow and extended to some vector bundle over the symplectization set. This has a few important consequences: the discrete eigenvalues of the generator of transfer operators, called Ruelle spectrum, are structured into vertical bands. If the right-most band is isolated from the others, most of the Ruelle spectrum in it concentrates along a line parallel to the imaginary axis and, further, the density satisfies a Weyl law as the imaginary part tends to infinity. Some of these results were announced by Faure and Tsujii [C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris 351 (2013), pp. 385–391].

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4

Carr, Candice. "Michael Faure and Nicole Niessen (eds.): Environmental Law in Development: Lessons from the Indonesian Experience". International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 9, nr 1 (20.08.2008): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10784-008-9080-8.

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Essens, O. F. "Criminal Enforcement of Environmental Law in the European Union. Edited by MICHAEL FAURE AND GUNTER HEINE". Journal of Environmental Law 19, nr 1 (24.08.2006): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/eql045.

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Mohamed-Katerere, J. "Environmental Law in Development: Lessons from the Indonesian Experience. Edited by MICHAEL FAURE and NICOLE NIESSEN". Journal of Environmental Law 20, nr 2 (5.02.2008): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqn008.

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Driesen, David M. "Criminal Enforcement of Environmental Law in the European Union, edited by Michael Faure and Gunter Heine". International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 6, nr 3 (4.10.2006): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10784-006-9008-0.

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8

Godo, Emmanuel. "Étienne Faure, Et puis prendre l’air, Gallimard, « Blanche », 2020, 136 pages, 14,50 €." Études Juin, nr 6 (26.05.2021): IX. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/etu.4283.0115i.

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9

Marsden, Simon. "China and International Environmental Liability: Legal Remedies for Transboundary Pollution - Edited by Michael Faure and Song Ying". Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 19, nr 2 (lipiec 2010): 272–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.2010.00682_2.x.

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10

Backhaus, Jürgen. "Michael Faure and Göran Skogh, The Economic Analysis of Environmental Policy and Law—An Introduction, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2003". European Journal of Law and Economics 17, nr 2 (marzec 2004): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:ejle.0000014627.86705.ee.

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Avdeeva, Tatiana. "Climate Change and European Emissions Trading: Lessons for Theory and Practice â Edited by Michael Faure and Marjan Peeters". Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 18, nr 3 (listopad 2009): 348–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.2009.00655_2.x.

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12

Hickman, Alexis. "M. Faure and S. Ying: China and International Environmental Liability: legal remedies for transboundary pollution". International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 11, nr 2 (23.03.2010): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10784-010-9123-9.

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De Smedt, Kristel. "Environmental Liability in a Federal System: A Law and Economics Analysis". European Energy and Environmental Law Review 17, Issue 2 (1.04.2008): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2008009.

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Kristel De Smedt defended her PhD research on the harmonisation of environmental liability rules in a federal system at the Law Faculty of Maastricht University on 19 December 2007. The promotor of this research was Prof. dr. Michael Faure (Maastricht University). The article below summarises the main results of this research. The PhD research examines the harmonisation of environmental liability rules in a federal system from a law and economics perspective. Public interest and private interest theories are used to examine at which level environmental liability rules best can be decided in a federal system. Throughout the book, soil pollution is used as a case-study. The research was induced by the controversial harmonisation of environmental liability rules in the European Union by means of Directive 2004/35/CE on Environmental Liability with Regard to the Prevention and Remedying of Environmental Damage (ELD). The research tries to unravel the decision–making process behind the ELD, and the reasons and consequences of harmonisation. Kristel De Smedt examines whether the harmonisation of environmental liability rules in the European Union corresponds with the economic theory on federalism and, if not, how harmonisation of environmental liability rules in the European Union can be explained. She concludes that the shift of environmental liability rules to the European level was inefficient and does not correspond with the economic criteria for centralisation. Moreover, the content of the Directive itself shows inefficiencies. At the same time, the analysis makes clear that the existence and the content of the Environmental Liability Directive largely can be explained by private interest distortions.

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14

Zhang, Chunchang. "Prevention and Compensation of Marine Pollution: Recent Developments in Europe, China and the US - Edited by Michael G. Faure and James Hu". Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 16, nr 3 (15.01.2008): 375–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.2007.00576_3.x.

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15

Sciaudone, Riccardo. "Book Review: Climate Change Liability, edited by M. Faure and M. Peeters (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2011)". European Energy and Environmental Law Review 20, Issue 6 (1.12.2011): 290–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2011023.

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Cheng, Thomas K. "Book Review: The Chinese Anti-Monopoly Law: New Developments and Empirical Evidence, edited by Michael Faure & Xinchu Zhang. (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013)". World Competition 37, Issue 1 (1.03.2014): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2014014.

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17

Orlando, Emanuela. "Book review: Environmental Crime in Europe., edited by Andrew Farmer, Michael Faure and Grazia Maria Vagliasindi. (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2017)". Common Market Law Review 58, Issue 2 (1.04.2021): 609–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2021039.

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18

Samways, M. J. "Spatial distribution of Scirtothrips aurantii Faure (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and threshold level for one per cent. damage on citrus fruit based on trapping with fluorescent yellow sticky traps". Bulletin of Entomological Research 76, nr 4 (grudzień 1986): 649–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300015145.

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AbstractThe citrus pest Scirtothrips aurantii Faure shows a positive phototactic response to yellow surfaces, particularly fluorescent yellow with peak reflectance at about 525 nm. A fluorescent yellow sticky trap was devised. Impact of individuals on the trap surface was principally random. Taylor's power law gave a generalized value of 1·42 for slope of b. Widespread geographical locations gave similar values for biologically significant values of b. Habitat differences within one geographical area influenced b, which was highest in natural vegetation and lowest in certain citrus monocultures. Three traps per orchard (>5000 trees) were practicable, and produced statistically realistic results. The period during which S. aurantii can damage fruit was divided into a longer risk period and a shorter, central critical period. Where S. aurantii was present on the traps at less than nine individuals per set of three traps throughout the central critical period and 20 during the late risk period, the percentage of fruit so damaged as not to be of export grade was less than 1·0. This method of monitoring was sufficiently robust to allow for some human error in reading the traps under commercial conditions, and to permit variability in placement of the traps in the orchard.

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19

Pearson, John. "Carbon Capture and Storage: Efficient Legal Policies For Risk Governance and Compensation by Michael G. Faure and Roy A. Partain Published by MIT Press, 2017, 360 pp., 19.75, hardback." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law 29, nr 1 (kwiecień 2020): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/reel.12327.

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20

Backhaus, Jürgen. "Michael Faure, Joyeeta Gupta, and Andries Nentjes (eds), Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol–The Role of Institutions and Instruments to Control Global Change". European Journal of Law and Economics 18, nr 2 (wrzesień 2004): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:ejle.0000045130.51776.0b.

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21

Steelman, Toddi A. "Norman J. Vig and Michael G. Faure (Eds.) Green Giants? Environmental Policies of the United States and the European Union". Policy Sciences 40, nr 1 (12.01.2007): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11077-006-9031-6.

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22

Marsh, H., RIT Prince, WK Saafeld i R. Shepherd. "The distribution and abundance of the dugong in Shark Bay, Western Australia". Wildlife Research 21, nr 2 (1994): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940149.

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In July 1989, dugongs were counted from the air at an overall sampling intensity of 7.9% over 14 239 km2 in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Counts were corrected for perception bias (the proportion of dugongs visible in the transect that are missed by observers), and standardised for availability bias (the proportion of animals invisible because of water turbidity) with survey-specific correction factors. The resultant minimum population estimate was 10146 � 1665 (s.e.) dugongs at an overall density of 0.71 � 0.12 (s.e.) dugongs km-2, the highest density ever recorded on a large-scale dugong survey. The proportion of calves (19%) was higher than for most other dugong surveys conducted in Shark Bay and elsewhere, suggesting an exceptionally high calving rate in 1988. Dugong density was highest (>5 km-2) in relatively deep water (12-16 m) in the eastern half of Shark Bay opposite the tip of Peron Peninsula and in the western Bay opposite the northern half of Dirk Hartog Island. Fewer than 4% of dugongs sighted in Shark Bay during the survey were in waters colder than 18�C. Results of aerial surveys over 906 km2 in the Faure Sill region of the eastern Bay in November 1990 and January 1991 suggest that between a third and a half of the dugongs in Shark Bay are located in this region during the summer. In contrast, only one dugong was sighted there during the winter survey. The survey confirms that Shark Bay is an internationally significant dugong habitat.

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23

Radvan, Michal. "“Laissez-Faire” Principle in Tax Law during the Crises". Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 32, nr 2 (27.06.2023): 225–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2023.32.2.225-247.

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In the last three years, the whole world has been struck by several crises. These extraordinary circumstances made many governments intervene much more in the economy, including tax law amendments. Many countries, including the Czech Republic, decreased several taxes or even abolished some as a kind of subsidy. This has resulted in a sharp rise in the public debt. The paper’s main aim and also the hypothesis to be confirmed or disproved is to answer the question of whether it would not be better to leave tax systems untouched in times of economic and other crises. To meet the contribution objectives, the IMRaD structure of the article is being used. The research part indicates amendments to the tax acts in the recent three years, justified on the grounds of the economic crises caused by the COVID-19 pandemic or consequences connected with the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In the discussion, the relationships between the new legal norms and the legal behavior of taxpayers are predicted, and the effects of legal regulation on the economic behavior of taxpayers are explained. Legal amendments also affect public budgets’ revenues. In conclusion, the strengths and weaknesses of de lege lata regulation in the study area are identified, and amendments de lege ferenda are suggested.

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24

Massai, Leonardo. "Climate Change Liability: Transnational Law and Practice, edited by Richard Lord, Silke Goldberg, Lavanya Rajamani & Jutta Brunnée Cambridge University Press, 2011, 690 pp, £31.99 pb, £70 hb, ISBN 9781107673663 pb, 9781107017603 hb - Climate Change Liability, edited by Michael Faure & Marjan Peeters Edward Elgar, 2011, 304 pp, £75 hb, ISBN 9781849802864". Transnational Environmental Law 2, nr 1 (27.03.2013): 196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s204710251300006x.

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25

Ricot, Jacques. "Faire mourir par compassion ?" Laennec 67, nr 4 (2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lae.194.0053.

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Mohd Salleh, Noor Asyikeen, i Sik Cheng Peng. "STRIKING THE RIGHT BALANCE BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INTERESTS IN LAND ACQUISITION: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND POSITION IN UNITED STATES, AUSTRALIA AND MALAYSIA". IIUM Law Journal 30, nr 1 (7.07.2022): 135–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v30i1.710.

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The right to own property is an intrinsic human right that grants ownership and enjoyment to the landowners. The right to property is not absolute, however, because it is subject to the state's authority to acquire the private land. Land acquisition, as the term implies, is the power given to the state to acquire any privately owned land for a public purpose in consideration for adequate compensation.[1] Land acquisition is a critical development tool for the state to overcome the land scarcity when it is required to establish railways, airports or any infrastructure for the public good. On the other hand, land acquisition is a labourious process affecting a wide range of stakeholders. It often involves competing interests between the state (representing the general public) and impacted persons towards their private property. As a result, the land acquisition regime is ostensibly a way of balancing competing interests. However, many countries especially developing nations are having difficulties in striking a balance between public and private interests due to a lack of legal protection and a traditional top-down approach by the state's government branches.[2] This article analyses the approaches taken by the United States, Australia and Malaysia in maintaining the balance in land acquisition. The methodology employed in this study is primarily focused on comparative legal analysis. Present research has shown that, there is little attention given to the balance of rights between the public and private interests in Malaysian land acquisition laws. [1] Keith, Simon, Patrick McAuslan, Rachael Knight, Jonathon Lindsay, Paul Munro-Faure, David Palmer, and L. Spannenberg, "Compulsory acquisition of land and compensation," FAO Land Tenure Studies, 10 (2008): 7-8. [2] See generally, Ghimire, Subash, Arbind Tuladhar, and Sagar Raj Sharma. "Governance in land acquisition and compensation for infrastructure development." American Journal of Civil Engineering 5, no. 3 (2017): 169-178; Rose, Hadley, Frank Mugisha, Andrews Kananga, and Daniel Clay. "Implementation of Rwanda’s Expropriation Law and Its Outcomes on the Population." In Proceedings of the Annual World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty, Washington, DC, USA, (2016): 14-18.

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D'Alessandro, Roberta. "Fare: Elementi di Sintassi (review)". Language 82, nr 1 (2006): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2006.0010.

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Lloyd, Trevor. "Laissez-Faire Liturgy?" Ecclesiastical Law Journal 4, nr 21 (lipiec 1997): 720–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00003008.

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‘Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty.’‘The rigidity imposed on the BCP through being enforced by Act of Parliament is against the nature of worship and the practice of Church law. This rigidity contributed a good deal to the separation of Independents from the Church of England in the seventeenth century and of the Methodists in the eighteenth. Again, towards the end of the nineteenth century, when enforcement to a great extent broke down, a situation arose in which many of the directions of the Prayer Book were disregarded without permission or protest from authority.”

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Pérez Piñón, Francisco Alberto, Guillermo Hernández Orozco i Jesús Adolfo Trujillo Holguín. "Faire l'histoire". Debates por la Historia 6, nr 1 (31.10.2018): 169–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54167/debates-por-la-historia.v6i1.15.

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Se pretende en las páginas del presente escrito hacer un recorrido de manera didáctica por algunos paradigmas que han dado sustento a las distintas formas de hacer narrativas historiográficas, de dar sustento a la manera en como los investigadores de esta área realizan la generación de conocimiento para consumo, distribución y reproducción de los acontecimientos del desarrollo humano en el transcurso del tiempo y los espacios en los que ocurren; se incursiona en el paradigma de Leopold von Ranke, conocido como el Historicismo, La Escuela de Francesa de los Annales de Lucien Febvre y Marc Bloch como sus iniciadores y se continúa con la línea desarrollada hasta nuestros días, siempre con la firme idea de que la historia de hace como lo enuncia el título, que es recuperado del francés y que hace alusión a una obra de connotados historiadores de esta escuela. Se mencionan elementos del materialismo histórico que están presentes y que fueron acogidos por la línea de investigación de la historiografía francesa; se rescatan planteamientos modernos y posmodernos de lo que es la historia, así como su rumbo hoy en día y se trata de aclarar que tenemos un objeto de trabajo eminentemente subjetivo para quienes nos dedicamos a la investigación histórica. Finalmente, se enuncia que el escrito pretende motivar a estudiantes y profesores interesados en la profundización en esta área investigativa.

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Landers, Ashley L., Gina Dimitropoulos, Tai J. Mendenhall, Alison Kennedy i Lindsey Zemanek. "Backing the Blue: Trauma in Law Enforcement Spouses and Couples". Family Relations 69, nr 2 (21.10.2019): 308–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fare.12393.

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Beaufils, Professeur François, i Pascaline de Dreuzy. "Que faire en cas d'abstention de traitements actifs ?" Laennec 57, nr 4 (2009): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lae.094.0047.

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Perrot, Étienne. "Marie Fare, Repenser la monnaie, Transformer les territoires, faire société. Charles-Léopold-Mayer, 2016, 112 pages, 13 €." Études Février, nr 2 (24.01.2017): XXVII. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/etu.4235.0121aa.

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Kuenzler, Adrian. "Competition law enforcement on digital markets—lessons from recent EU case law". Journal of Antitrust Enforcement 7, nr 2 (4.02.2019): 249–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaenfo/jnz001.

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Abstract This article is set against the Court of Justice of the European Union’s (CJEU) decisions in Pierre Fabre and Coty Germany GmbH, observing that in the digital economy, price is no longer the sole important parameter of competition and that competition law therefore has to reconstruct the theoretical background required to explain the tensions contained in the design of concentrated marketplaces. As the CJEU’s approach taken in Pierre Fabre and Coty shows, competition authorities and courts also need to consider the market’s distinct psychological properties when they contemplate the legal framework that governs it. The article thus explains the CJEU’s decisions not against the well-known debate about inter- and intrabrand competition but with reference to the notion of creating distinct types of ‘variety’ in the marketplace so as to enable consumers to choose not just between the alternative options that they face but also to enable them to make decisions that will shape the manner in which they think about whether they should consider alternative options at all. The article’s findings aim to advance debates about the overarching policy goals of the way in which digital markets ought to be regulated.

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Hawk, Barry E. "English Competition Law Before 1900". Antitrust Bulletin 63, nr 3 (11.07.2018): 350–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x18781397.

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English competition law before 1900 developed over many centuries and reflected changes in political conditions, economic theories and social values. It mirrored the historical movements in England, from the medieval ideal of fair prices and just wages to 16th and 17th century nation-state mercantilism to the 18th and 19th century Industrial Revolution and notions of laissez faire capitalism and freedom of contract. English competition law at varying times articulated three fundamental principles: monopolies were disfavored; freedom to trade was emphasized; and fair or reasonable prices were sought. The Sherman Act truly was a watershed that significantly took a different path from English law as it had evolved. In England, legal challenges to monopolization were limited to the royal creation of monopolies and were concentrated in the 17th and early 18th centuries. A prominent element of English competition law—bans on forestalling—was repealed in the first half of the 19th century. Enforcement of English law against cartels was largely emasculated by the end of the 19th century with the ascendancy of freedom of contract and laissez faire political theory.

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Verspieren, Patrick. "Des États généraux de la bioéthique, pour quoi faire ?" Laennec 66, nr 4 (2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lae.184.0004.

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Snyder, Francis. "Law in Context : A Personal Roadmap". Revue de la recherche juridique 37, nr 3 (11.10.2024): 1481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rjj.198.1481.

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La première partie de cette feuille de route personnelle pour faire des recherches dans la perspective droit en contexte tente de répondre à la question suivante : qu’est-ce que le « droit en contexte » ? Le document identifie certains présupposés et hypothèses qui sous-tendent l’approche droit en contexte. Il propose également une boîte à outils pour enseigner et faire de la recherche dans cette perspective. Il existe de nombreuses façons d’étudier le droit en contexte. Pour prendre des exemples personnels, citons la prise de conscience du fait que l’élaboration, l’application, la mise en œuvre et le respect du droit sont influencés par le contexte ; la coopération avec des chercheurs d’autres disciplines ; l’utilisation de perspectives, d’ouvrages et de données non juridiques ; et l’adoption d’approches théoriques et de questions venant d’autres disciplines. La deuxième partie du document traite de la création, du développement et de l’impact du European Law Journal : Review of European Law in Context , aujourd’hui revue en ligne appelée European Law OPEN , publiée par Cambridge University Press. Enfin, une brève conclusion présente les points à retenir.

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Bijleveld, Catrien. "Fare dodging and the strong arm of the law". Journal of Experimental Criminology 3, nr 2 (2.05.2007): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11292-007-9033-1.

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Waelbroeck, Denis, i Zachariah Davies. "Coty, Clarifying Competition Law in the Wake of Pierre Fabre". Journal of European Competition Law & Practice 9, nr 7 (12.07.2018): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeclap/lpy041.

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Roberts, Bryan R. "From Marginality to Social Exclusion: From Laissez Faire to Pervasive Engagement". Latin American Research Review 39, nr 1 (2004): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lar.2004.0017.

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Baumle, Amanda K. "Legal Counseling and the Marriage Decision: The Impact of Same-Sex Marriage on Family Law Practice". Family Relations 67, nr 1 (11.12.2017): 192–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fare.12294.

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Nasri, Amar. "Feu la faute lourde : nature de la faute medicale (conseil d'état, 27 juin 1997)". Médecine & Droit 2001, nr 50 (wrzesień 2001): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1246-7391(01)80043-9.

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Les Benedict, Michael. "Laissez-Faire and Liberty: A Re-Evaluation of the Meaning and Origins Of Laissez-Faire Constitutionalism". Law and History Review 3, nr 2 (1985): 293–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/743631.

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Until recently, historians of American constitutionalism agreed that, except for the infamous Dred Scott decision, the most unfortunate decisions of the Supreme Court were those that incorporated the notion of laissez-faire into the Constitution in the late nineteenth century. These decisions permitted the Court to frustrate efforts to secure a more just economic order in the United States until the 1930s. The intellectual foundations of laissez-faire constitutionalism have been so alien to most legal scholars since the 1930s (and equally unintelligible to many even earlier) that they have found it difficult to believe these decisions were the result of efforts to enforce ‘neutral’ principles of constitutional law, to utilize the terms of Herbert Wechsler's famous analysis. They could not conceive of the Court's rhetoric about liberty and due process as anything but cant, a subterfuge designed to camouflage other purposes.

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Lépinard, Éléonore. "Faire la loi, faire le genre : conflits d'interprétations juridiques sur la parité". Droit et société 62, nr 1 (2006): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/drs.062.0045.

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Somma, Alessandro. "Fare cose con la solidarietà". Rechtsgeschichte - Legal History 2004, nr 05 (2004): 035–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12946/rg05/035-048.

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45

Cheung, Anne S. Y. "The Paradox of Hong Kong Colonialism: Inclusion as Exclusion". Canadian journal of law and society 11, nr 2 (1996): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100004877.

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AbstractThis paper examines the British legal policy in Hong Kong which preserved Chinese customary law as a subtle and indirect form of social control. The initial takeover of Hong Kong by the British in 1841 was motivated by economic interest in China. Hong Kong was to be developed into an entrepôt under a laissez-faire government. In order to pacify the local subjects and the Chinese government, English law was applied to British subjects but the local Chinese were governed by Chinese customary law. Gradually, the interpretation of customary law by English judges and common law courts transformed and even created a new understanding of this law. The preservation of customary law had the paradoxical effect of ousting the local narrative. One hundred and fifty-six years have passed; Hong Kong has fulfilled the British dream of being a flamboyant commercial centre. However, in less than 150 days, Hong Kong will be elevated from the status of a British colony to that of “special administrative region” of China. Nonetheless, the rhetoric of laissez-faire government continues to be reflected in the policy of “high degree of autonomy.” The fate of Hong Kong is certainly unknown. Hopefully, the study of its past experience will shed some light on its future.

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46

Xiao, Shiqing. "Deconstructing the Laissez-Faire Legend: A Critical Analysis of the 1834 Poor Law Reform and Its Legacy". Communications in Humanities Research 32, nr 1 (26.04.2024): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/32/20240008.

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This research paper critically examines the 1834 Poor Law Reform in Britain, a seminal event that is often heralded as a triumph of laissez-faire economics. The study delves into the historical context of the Old Poor Law system, established in 1601, which mandated legal support for individuals unable to sustain themselves. The paper scrutinizes the perceived problems of the Old Poor Law and the subsequent radical reforms introduced by the New Poor Law. It challenges the conventional narrative that the Poor Law Reform was a necessary corrective to an inefficient and market-distorting welfare system. Through a detailed analysis of the Poor Law Commission Report of 1834 and its criticisms, the paper reveals significant gaps in the arguments presented. The study also considers the impact of the Industrial Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, and the gold standard restoration on the Old Poor Law system, arguing that these external factors played a crucial role in shaping the economic and social landscape of the time. This study offers insights into the complexities of policy marking and the interplay of economic theories and social needs. It underscores the enduring impact of historical decisions on contemporary economic and political dynamics and challenges the notion of post-WWII liberal order as a perpetuation of the laissez-faire myth.

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Verge, Pierre. "How Does Canadian Labour Law Fare in a Global Economy?" Journal of Industrial Relations 42, nr 2 (czerwiec 2000): 275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218560004200207.

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Gillard, Emanuela-Chiara. "Reparation for violations of international humanitarian law". International Review of the Red Cross 85, nr 851 (wrzesień 2003): 529–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035336100185259.

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Résumé La dernière moitié du XXe siècle a été marquée par une augmentation et une codification sans précédent des normes du droit international ayant pour objet la protection de la personne humaine. Il s'agit aujourd'hui de veiller au respect de ces règles. Les réparations pour violations du droit international humanitaire peuvent largement contribuer à mieux le faire respecter et à prévenir toute violation future. Une branche du droit est renforcée si, en cas d'infraction, des réparations peuvent être obtenues; celles-ci constituent un aspect important de l'application du droit et peuvent avoir un important effet dissuasif. À un niveau plus personnel, les victimes de violations du droit international humanitaire sont extrêmement vulnérables. Des réparations adéquates et reçues au moment opportun peuvent jouer un rôle important pour aider les victimes à reconstruire leur vie. Cet article examine le droit en vigueur et la pratique actuelle en matière de réparations pour viohtions du droit international humanitaire, en insistant plus particulièrement sur la situation juridique des victimes. Cet examen des lois et des mécanismes nationaux et internationaux révèle que, si le droit aux réparations est universellement reconnu, en l'absence de mécanismes spécifiques — qui existent généralement au niveau international — les victimes sont incapables de faire valoir leurs droits sur le plan individuel et, en conséquence, n'obtiennent aucune réparation. L'article conclut par des questions plus politiques que posent les différents mécanismes existants et la façon dont les compensations à accorder aux victimes de violations du droit international humanitaires sont envisagées.

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Blust, Robert. "Dictionnaire Xârâcùù-Français (Nouvelle-Calédonie) By Claire Moyse- Faurie and Marie-Adèle Néchéro- Jorédié". Language 66, nr 1 (1990): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.1990.0025.

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Rubensson, Isak, Yusak Susilo i Oded Cats. "Is flat fare fair? Equity impact of fare scheme change". Transport Policy 91 (czerwiec 2020): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.03.013.

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