Rozprawy doktorskie: „Faune flore”

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Lanthier, Philippe. "Les amérindianismes du vocabulaire québécois de la faune et de la flore variation phonétique et graphique". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0016/MQ46762.pdf.

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Penjon, Jacqueline. "Nature et culture dans le roman brésilien contemporain : lexique de la faune et de la flore". Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040003.

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Le but de cette thèse est d'étudier l'adaptation d'une langue transplantée dans une autre nature, un autre climat. Elle comprend donc une introduction expliquant les critères du choix du vocabulaire et des auteurs (XXe siècle), en prenant pour point de départ les résultats d'une étude antérieure (thèse de 3e cycle) sur la période romantique. Une première partie structure le vocabulaire en fonction des catégories (approximations, régionalismes, désignations multiples) ; une seconde l'étudie par ensembles (mots européens savants, néologismes, mots africains, etc. ). La troisième partie envisage le lexique en tant qu'instrument par lequel les civilisations se construisent une vision du monde. Les volumes II et III présentent sous forme de dictionnaires faune et flore, l'étude détaillée ayant permis la synthèse du premier volume et propose des traductions françaises (Antilles Guyane, Afrique francophone)
The purpose of this thesis is to study the adaptation of a language transplanted in another nature, another climate. It is therefore made up of an introductory chapter explaining the criteria used for selecting the vocabulary and the authors (twentieth century), based on the results of a former study about the romantic period. The first section focuses on structuring the vocabulary in accordance with categories (approximations, regionalisms, multiple designations). The object of the second section is to study the vocabulary as different sets: European learned words, neologisms, African words, Tupi words, double designations (European and Tupi, European and African, etc. ). The third section is intended to examine the lexicon as a tool for the civilizations to construct their vision of the world. Volumes II and III present as fauna and flora dictionaries, the detailed lexical study what permitted the first volume synthesis, and suggest French translations (West Indies Guiana, French-speaking Africa)

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Klemm, Cyrille de. "La conservation de la faune et de la flore sauvages en droit international et droit comparé". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR30008.

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La soutenance porte sur de nombreux ouvrages et articles, publiés entre 1968 et 1995, sur la conservation de la faune et de la flore sauvages et des milieux naturels en droit international et en droit comparé. Les travaux relatifs aux aspects internationaux de ces sujets ont essentiellement pour objet de faire le point des questions dont ils traitent et, souvent, de présenter également des propositions pour l'avenir. Les sujets suivants ont été, entre autres, abordés: la gestion intégrée de la nature en Europe, les ressources biologiques de la mer, la conservation des espèces considérées en tant qu'éléments du patrimoine naturel de l'humanité, les espèces migratrices, la conservation internationale des zones humides, le commerce international des espèces menacées et, plus généralement, la conservation de la diversité biologique. Les ouvrages et articles consacrés au droit comparé analysent, pour la plupart, les lois et institutions existantes en matière de conservation des espèces et des espaces naturels dans les pays où elles sont le mieux développées
The thesis is constituted by a large number of publications, written between 1968 and 1995, on the subject of wildlife conservation and the conservation of natural areas in international and comparative law. The books and articles which deal with the international aspects of the subject have as a main purpose not only to take stock of the status of a particular matter at the time they were written but also, in most cases, to make proposals for the future. The following subjects have, inter alia, been considered: integrated wildlife management in europe, the living resources of the sea, conservation of species as a part of the natural heritage of mankind, migratory species, the international conservation of wetlands, international trade in endangered species, and the conservation of biological diversity. Most of the comparative law publications provide analyses of existing legislation and institutions in respect of the conservation of wild species and natural habitats in those countries where these are the best developed

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Lanthier, Philippe. "Les amérindianismes du vocabulaire québécois de la faune et de la flore: Variation phonétique et graphique". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1999.

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Maciejewski, Lise. "Reconnaissance et dynamique récente des habitats forestiers dans le contexte de la Directive Habitats-Faune-Flore". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AGPT0001.

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En 1992 en Europe, grâce à la Directive Habitats-Faune-Flore, les habitats naturels sont devenus des objets à conserver au même titre que les espèces, élargissant ainsi le domaine d’actions des politiques publiques à un autre niveau d’organisation de la biodiversité. Mais la reconnaissance tardive de leur valeur de conservation, ainsi que des lacunes dans leurs définitions sont en partie responsables de l’absence de séries temporelles de données sur les habitats à l’échelle nationale. Cela limite notre capacité à surveiller et évaluer leur état de conservation, et à adapter les actions de conservation aux niveaux national et local. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont d’abord d’explorer des approches rapides et formalisées de reconnaissance des habitats forestiers afin de pouvoir ensuite étudier leur dynamique récente au regard de deux grands changements survenus au cours des dernières décennies : le réchauffement climatique et la création du réseau Natura 2000.Nous avons d’abord étudié les incertitudes liées à la reconnaissance des habitats forestiers lors du rattachement d’un relevé floristique à un type d’habitat en comparant cinq experts et trois programmes automatiques de classement. Nous avons mis en évidence la forte variabilité de classement entre experts, et l’efficacité des programmes automatiques qui est comparable à celle des experts. Nous avons également montré que pour la reconnaissance des habitats forestiers, un nombre limité d’espèces est suffisant, et qu’il est possible d’utiliser des relevés réalisés en hiver. Ainsi, nous avons pu créer des séries temporelles de données standardisées sur les habitats forestiers à partir de différentes sources d’inventaires floristiques, rattachés ou non à un type d’habitat.Dans un second temps, la création de 5701 couples de relevés floristiques historiques (avant 1987) et récents (après 1997) a permis de mettre en évidence, en montagne, un changement de 11% des couples vers des habitats forestiers caractéristiques de conditions climatiques plus chaudes. L’augmentation de la dominance de ces habitats nous permet de conclure à une thermophilisation des habitats forestiers en montagne. Cependant, aucun changement significatif n’a été observé en plaine, ce qui conduit à un décalage important entre les exigences thermiques des communautés végétales et les températures actuelles : une dette climatique se développe. Face à des impacts différenciés, nous concluons que les politiques publiques pourraient être mises en place et priorisées de façon différente en montagne et en plaine pour être plus efficaces.Enfin, en étudiant 155 sites Natura 2000 français répartis sur tout le territoire métropolitain tempéré et montagnard, nous avons montré que, depuis la mise en place du réseau, l’augmentation de la quantité des très gros bois sur les zones où ils sont présents est significativement plus forte à l’intérieur du réseau Natura 2000 qu’à l’extérieur. Ainsi, nous avons mis en évidence que les actions de conservation mises en place dans les forêts au sein du réseau Natura 2000, qui sont gérées et exploitées, ont déjà eu des effets positifs sur les très gros bois, considérés comme une caractéristique de vieilles forêts, et utilisés aussi comme indicateur de biodiversité et du bon état de conservation des habitats forestiers.Ce travail de thèse était nécessaire pour compléter les nombreuses études déjà disponibles à l’échelle des espèces et des communautés végétales, car pour être efficace il est indispensable de travailler à la conservation de tous les niveaux d’organisation de la biodiversité simultanément. Connaitre les domaines de validité des moyens de reconnaissance des habitats forestiers, mais aussi comprendre leur dynamique récente et les facteurs qui l’influencent permettent de fournir des éléments pour mettre en place un suivi des habitats forestiers et adapter les politiques publiques et les actions de gestion afin d’en améliorer l’efficacité
In 1992, European natural habitats became items to be conserved in the same way as species were, thanks to the Habitats Directive. This enlarged the scope of action of nature protection public policies to a new level of biodiversity organisation. But the late recognition of the conservation value of habitats and the gaps in their definitions partly explain the absence of time series data at the national scale. This limits our capacity to monitor and assess their conservation status and to adapt conservation measures at the national and local levels. The present thesis work first investigates rapid, formalised approaches for identifying forest habitats. Then, these approaches are used to study the recent dynamics of forest habitats in relation to two substantial changes that occurred in the past decades, i.e., climate warming and the creation of the Natura 2000 network.We first studied the uncertainties linked to the identification of forest habitats when assigning floristic surveys to habitat types by comparing five expert’s judgements with three automatic classification programs. We highlighted high variability among expert judgements, and comparable efficiency between automatic classification programs and expert judgements. We also demonstrated that a limited number of species was sufficient to identify forest habitats, and that surveys carried out in winter could be used too. We thus created time series of standardised data on forest habitats based on different floristic survey sources, whether assigned to a habitat type or not.Secondly, we created 5,701 pairs of historical (before 1987) and recent (after 1997) floristic surveys, and highlighted that 11% of the pairs located in highlands had shifted towards forest habitats characteristic of warmer climate conditions. The increased dominance of these habitats led us to conclude that thermophilisation was underway in highlands. However, no significant shift was observed in lowlands, hence a substantial difference between the thermal requirements of plant communities and current temperatures: a climatic debt is developing. In the face of these different impacts, we proposed that nature protection public policies could be more efficient if they were implemented and prioritised differently in highlands vs. lowlands.Finally, we studied 155 Natura 2000 sites distributed across mainland temperate and mountainous France, and showed that the number of very large trees in the plots where they were observed had increased significantly more inside the network than outside it since its implementation. We thus evidenced that the conservation measures implemented in Natura 2000 forests, which are managed and exploited, have already had positive effects on very large trees – considered as a characteristic of old-growth forests and also used as biodiversity and conservation status indicators of forest habitats.This thesis work was necessary to complement the numerous studies already available at the species and plant community scales, for it is indispensable to aim for the simultaneous conservation of all the levels of organisation of biodiversity to be efficient. Knowing the scope of validity of the tools used to identify forest habitats, but also understanding the recent dynamics of forest habitats and its influencing factors provide useful data to implement surveillance and adapt public policies and management actions, and thereby reach greater efficiency

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Poilecot, Pierre. "Ecologie des savanes soudano-guineennes : interactions faune-flore dans le parc national de la comoe (cote-d'ivoire)". Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066717.

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Gil, Henry. "Le langage poetique chez federico garcia lorca : metaphores et symboles de la faune et de la flore". Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040096.

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Etudier le langage poetique d'un auteur consiste a s'interroger sur la vision et l'experience du monde qui lui sont propres. Cependant ce langage poetique ne revele un monde que dans la mesure ou il le cree simultanement : la fonction du poeme etant de dire l'indicible a travers ses images. Nos recherches s'orientent vers les oeuvres ayant subi le moins d'exegeses : libro de poemas, premier recueil souvent dedaigne par les critiques et les trois derniers recueils : poeta en nueva york, llanto por ignacio sanchez mejlas, divan del tamarit ou la mort apparait comme theme unitaire. La faune et la flore, vue leur omnipresence constituent le moyen ideal pour apprehender concretement l'expression poetique lorquienne : fonction et fonctionnement de la metaphore, processus de metaphorisation et de symbolisation. Qu'il s'agisse de la mise a nu d'une operation metaphorique ou de la decouverte d'un code symbolique, differentes approches sont necessaires. En tant qu'objet verbal le poeme se plie aux imperatifs semantiques et formels des mots, aussi pour libro de poemas avons-nous recours a la linguistique afin de montrer la richesse polysemique de certains tropes. Pour poeta en nueva york une etude des differentes fonctions syntaxiques des animaux et ou des plantes nous permet d'apprecier leur valeur comme actants roles ( agents ou patients ). Grace a une approche bachelardienne du bestiaire de poeta en nueva york, fondee sur les quatres elements, nous pouvons cerner l'imagination materielle lorquienne -
A study of an author's poetics entails a discussion of his vision and experience of the world. Yet a poetical discourse reflects the world only in so far as it simultaneously brings it into being and a poem performs the function of conjuring up the unutterable through images. This research will focus upon the lesser scholarly known works : libro de poemas, the first collection of poems overlooked by most critics, and the last three collections of poems : poeta en nueva york, llanto por ignacio sanchez mejlas, divan del tamarit, unified around the theme of death. The fauna and flora, because they are ever present, ideally suit the purpose of apprehending lorca's poetics in the making : function and functionning of metaphors, process of symbolisation and metaphorisation. In an attempt to make explicit the metaphorical process or to elaborate a code of symbols, various critical approaches were needed. As a verbal object, a poem yields to the semantic and formal imperatives of speech, therefore in libro de poemas, a linguistic approach to the poetical discourse was relevant to demonstrate the polysemic richness of some tropes. In poeta in nueva york an in-depth analysis of the various syntactical functions of animals and or plants allowed to single out their roles - whether passive or active - in the poeti- cal discourse regarded as a speech act ---

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Abgrall, Corentin. "Réponse de la flore, de la faune du sol et de leur substrat à l'introduction d'espèces exotiques envahissantes végétales". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR056/document.

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Les espèces exotiques envahissantes végétales sont des plantes introduites et naturalisées hors de leur aire de répartition native et capables de maintenir et d’accroitre leur population. Certaines sont considérées comme transformatrices de par leur effet sur les écosystèmes : leur structure, leur fonctionnement ainsi que leur communauté végétale et animale. Ces transformations peuvent rendre certaines de ces espèces nuisibles de par leurs impacts écologiques et économiques important. Les travaux réalisés dans le cadre de cette thèse et présentés ici ont pour objectif d’approfondir les connaissances sur l’impact des invasions biologiques. La faune du sol, la végétation native et leur substrat ainsi que son fonctionnement ont été étudiés à différentes échelles spatiales. Deux espèces exotiques, envahissantes en Europe, ont été considérées comme modèles pour ces travaux : le robinier faux-acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) et la renouée du japon (Reynoutria japonica). Premièrement, une méta-analyse globale a permis de démontrer l’effet positif des invasions biologiques végétales sur l’abondance de certains groupes de la faune du sol, notamment les consommateurs primaires, en fonction de la structure de l’habitat (ouvert ou fermé). Ensuite, une étude à large échelle sur le robinier faux-acacia a permis d’illustrer les différences qui peuvent exister dans la réponse des écosystèmes forestiers aux invasions le long d’un gradient latitudinal. Ce gradient, composé de quatre régions distinctes en Europe de l’Ouest présente des différences de climat et de végétation dominante, ces différences modifiant l’impact du robinier faux-acacia. Une étude approfondie sur le robinier faux-acacia en Normandie a permis de mieux comprendre l’effet du robinier faux-acacia sur les communautés animales et végétales ainsi que sur le fonctionnement des écosystèmes par comparaison avec deux essences natives dominantes. Finalement, une manipulation expérimentale en laboratoire a démontré l’impact des composés allélopathiques de la renouée du Japon sur une partie de la faune du sol. Cette étude a montré que certaines espèces exotiques envahissantes sont susceptibles d’influencer la faune, et les réseaux trophiques, du sol par leur métabolisme secondaire. Ces travaux illustrent l’intérêt, dans le contexte des invasions biologiques végétales, de l’étude simultanée des compartiments aériens et souterrains à différentes échelles spatiales
Invasive alien plants are species introduced and naturalized outside of their native distribution range and which have the capacity to maintain and expand their population. Some of these species are considered to be ecosystem transformers by altering their structure, functioning as well as resident animal and plant communities. These induced alterations make some of these species undesirable through their ecological and economical impacts. The work presented in this thesis aimed at a better understanding of the impact of biological invasions by alien plants. The soil fauna, native vegetation and their substrate, as well as ecosystem functioning, were studied at different spatial scales. Two exotic alien species, invasive in Europe, were considered as biological models for this work: the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and the Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica). Firstly, a global meta-analysis demonstrated the positive impact that plant invasions can exert on the abundance of some groups within the soil fauna, notably primary consumers, within different types of habitats (open or closed). Then, a large-scale study on the black locust revealed the differences that can can occur in the response of forest ecosystems to invasions along a latitudinal gradient. Study sites along this gradient, distributed amog four distinct regions in western Europe, exhibit differences in climate and dominant native vegetation which can alter the impact of the black locust. A detailed study on black locust impact in Normandy demonstrated the impact of R. pseudoacacia on native plant and soil fauna communities, as well as some ecosystem functions, in comparison to two native tree species. Finally, a laboraty experiment demonstrated the impact that allelopathic compounds extracted from Japanese knotweed rhizomes can have on some organisms within the soil fauna. This study showed that some invasive alient plants can influence the soil fauna, and soil food webs, through their secondary metabolism. This thesis illustrates that simultaneous study of both aboveground and belowground ecosystem compartments at different spatial scales is of interest in the context of biological invasions

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Courtois, Pauline. "Evaluation écotoxicologique des nanoparticules d’argent et leurs dérivés : leurs effets sur la faune, la flore et les microorganismes du sol". Thesis, Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LILUR053.

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De plus en plus de produits manufacturés contiennent des nanoparticules d'argent (AgNPs) qui sont, entre autres, incorporées pour leur excellente propriété biocide. Le cycle de vie de ces produits nanofonctionnalisés génère des rejets considérables dans l'environnement, notamment dans les eaux usées. L'efficacité des stations d'épuration permet de piéger dans les boues la plupart des espèces d'argent (Ag). Cependant, les boues d'épuration sont souvent recyclées par épandage sur des terres agricoles. Le sol est donc le principal lieu de dépôt des contaminants des boues d'épuration. En raison de la quantité de boues produite et épandue chaque année, il est devenu important d'évaluer avec précision l'impact des espèces d'Ag telles qu’elles sont introduites dans l'environnement. Ce travail de thèse a consisté en une évaluation globale de l'effet, sur l'écosystème terrestre, des formes d'Ag apportées par les boues dans le sol. Pour cela, une analyse de spéciation de l’Ag, apporté dans les sols par des boues d’épuration digérées, a été réalisée. Divers organismes animaux, végétaux et microbiens ont été exposés à cette forme d'Ag, de manière plus ou moins réaliste selon les besoins de l’étude, afin d'en évaluer les différents effets néfastes.Les résultats indiquent que les AgNPs se retrouvent complètement sulfurées suite à une digestion anaérobie des boues d'épuration. Sous cette forme chimique, l’Ag est plus faiblement toxique que les AgNPs, pour tous les organismes animaux, végétaux et microbiens étudiés. L’Ag sulfuré est également plus faiblement biodisponible pour ces organismes, bien qu’il puisse être légèrement bioaccumulé par les animaux et végétaux et ainsi entrer tout de même dans les chaînes trophiques. Néanmoins, un effet durable sur les communautés microbiennes a été observé. Cet effet diffère selon la nature du sol recevant les boues, et semble perturber le cycle des nutriments azotés
More and more manufactured products contain silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) which, among other things, are incorporated for their excellent biocidal property. The life cycle of these nanofunctionalized products generates considerable releases into the environment, particularly in wastewater. The efficiency of wastewater treatment plants makes it possible to trap most species of silver (Ag) in the sludge. However, sewage sludge is often recycled by land application on agricultural land. Soil is the main place of deposition of contaminants in sewage sludge. Due to the amount of sewage sludge produced and spread each year, it has become important to accurately assess the impact of Ag species as they are introduced into the environment.This thesis work consisted of a global evaluation of the effect, on the terrestrial ecosystem, of the forms of Ag brought by the sewage sludge in the soil. For this, an analysis of speciation of Ag brought in soils via digested sewage sludge was carried out. Various animal, plant and microbial organisms have been exposed to this form of Ag, more or less reastically depending on the needs of the study, in order to assess its various harmful effects.The results indicate that AgNPs become completely sulfided following anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. In this chemical form, Ag is less toxic than AgNPs, to all animals, plants and microbial organisms studied. Ag sulfide is also less bioavailable to these organisms, although it may be slightly bioaccumulated by animals and plants and thus enters food chains. Likewise, an effect may persist on microbial communities. This effect differs depending on the type of soil receiving the sewage sludge, and seems to disrupt the nitrogen nutrient cycle

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Burel, Thomas. "Effet de l'hydrodynamisme sur la structure des communautés macroalgales et sur les interactions macroflore / macrofaune en zone intertidale". Thesis, Brest, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BRES0019.

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Cette thèse vise à quantifier et à expliciter les effets de l’hydrodynamisme sur les biocénoses des estrans rocheux du Nord-Est Atlantique. Dans cette optique, plusieurs études ont été menées sur 14 sites de la pointe bretonne, à différentes échelles spatiales, de quelques mètres à une centaine de kilomètres. Pour étudier les variations de la structure des communautés de macroalgues et des assemblages à dominance macroalgale, deux méthodes d’échantillonnage biologique ont été utilisées pour la macroflore et la macrofaune. Un nouveau proxy de l’hydrodynamisme à petite échelle a été développé, la hauteur de vague in situ. La hauteur de vague in situ apparaît comme le facteur physique le plus important dans la structure interne des communautés macroalgales. En étudiant la différentiation de six communautés de macroalgues étagées sur l’estran, le rôle de l’hydrodynamisme semble mineur par rapport à l’élévation et à la durée moyenne d’émersion. Le passage des assemblages intertidaux d’une dominance macroflore à une dominance macrofaune est essentiellement expliqué par la hauteur de vague in situ. Les organismes sessiles répondent de façon différente à l’hydrodynamisme. De plus, l’existence de seuils de tolérance à l’hydrodynamisme a été mis en évidence. Au sein des assemblages dominés par les macroalgues, la hauteur de vague in situ module de façon significative les interactions faune-flore, fortes en haut et au milieu d’estran, et flore-flore, plus importantes en bas de la zone intertidale. L’étude de l’effet de l’hydrodynamisme sur une communauté macroalgale de milieu d’estran à l’aide de sept estimateurs (proxys) a révélé des réponses de la communauté différant selon l’estimateur. Les hauteurs de vague mesurées in situ et calculées selon le modèle SWAN semblent complémentaires pour évaluer le rôle de l’hydrodynamisme dans la structure des écosystèmes intertidaux rocheux à dominance macroalgale
This thesis aims at quantifying and explaining the effects of hydrodynamics on the communities of the North-East Atlantic rocky shores. In that prospect, several studies were carried out in 14 sites at the western head of Brittany, at different spatial scales, from a few metres to a hundred kilometres. Two biological sampling methods were used for macroflora and macrofauna to study variations in the structure of macroalgal communities and seaweed dominated assemblages. A new proxy for small-scale hydrodynamics has been developed, in situ wave height.In situ wave height appears to be the most important physical factor in the internal structuring of macroalgal communities. By studying the differentiation of six macroalgal communities vertically distributed on the shore, the role of hydrodynamics seems to be minor compared to the elevation and the average duration of emersion.The shift in intertidal dominance from macroflora to macrofauna is mainly explained by in situ wave height. Sessile organisms respond differently to hydrodynamics. Interestingly, the existence of tolerance thresholds for hydrodynamics was highlighted. Within the communities dominated by macroalgae, the in situ wave height significantly modulates both the fauna-flora interactions, strong at the top and middle of the shore, and the flora-flora interactions, more important at the bottom of the intertidal zone.Studying the effect of hydrodynamics on a midintertidal macroalgal community using seven proxies revealed different community responses. The wave heights measured in situ and calculated using theSWAN model appear to be complementary in assessing the role of hydrodynamics in the structuring of macroalgal-dominated rocky intertidal ecosystems

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Verlaque, Marc. "Contributions à l'étude du phytobenthos d'un écosystème photophile thermophile marin en Méditerranée occidentale : étude structurale et dynamique du phytobenthos et analyse des relations faune - flore". Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22052.

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Dans le but d'etudier la structure, le determinisme et la dynamique du phytobenthos photophile infralittoral de corse, nous avons realise l'etude phytosociologique des communautes algales et l'analyse du comportement trophique des principaux herbivores. Pour la seconde partie, les observations ont ete etendues a l'herbier de posidonia oceanica (l. ) delile et a d'autres regions de mediterranee (port-cros et bouches-du-rhone)

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Verlaque, Marc. "Contribution à l'étude du phytobenthos d'un écosystème photophile thermophile marin en Méditerranée occidentale étude structurale et dynamique du phytobenthos et analyse des relations faune-flore /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376106665.

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Denis, Alice S. "Impacts de l'anthropisation sur la diversité odonatologique au sein des cours d'eau : vers une meilleure prise en compte des espèces de la directive habitats faune flore". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30104/document.

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Dans un contexte d'effondrement global de la biodiversité, concilier le développement des activités industrielles et agricoles, génératrices de richesses, avec la préservation du patrimoine naturel constitue un enjeu majeur. Les acteurs économiques de nos sociétés sont ainsi légalement astreints à éviter, réduire et compenser leurs impacts sur les espèces protégées. Ils se trouvent cependant démunis lorsque les connaissances mobilisables sur ces espèces sont insuffisantes pour évaluer l'ampleur de ces impacts ou pour mettre en place des mesures d'évitement et de compensation réellement efficaces. C'est notamment le cas sur les cours d'eau, écosystèmes soumis à de nombreuses pressions du fait de leurs usages par les sociétés humaines (i.e. ressource en eau et nourriture, transport, production d'énergie, loisirs). L'objet de ce travail de thèse est donc d'améliorer la connaissance de trois espèces d'Odonates protégées par la Directive Habitats Faune Flore et inféodées aux cours d'eau : la Cordulie à corps fin Oxygastra curtisii (Dale, 1834), le Gomphe de Graslin Gomphus graslinii Rambur, 1842 et la Cordulie splendide Macromia splendens (Pictet, 1843), afin de mieux appréhender les impacts de l'anthropisation des cours d'eau sur leurs populations. Nous avons cherché en particulier à (1) améliorer la prise en compte de ces espèces dans les études d'impacts, la gestion des cours d'eau et au sein des sites Natura 2000 où elles sont présentes via la proposition d'un protocole standardisé de suivi, (2) évaluer les conséquences de l'artificialisation de leurs habitats, notamment le réchauffement de l'eau, sur leur phénologie et leur morphologie, et (3) caractériser et évaluer l'impact des ouvrages hydrauliques présents sur les cours d'eau, considérant d'une part les petits ouvrages que sont les chaussées liées à d'anciennes minoteries ou à d'autres usages et, d'autre part, les ouvrages hydroélectriques de plus grandes dimensions. Ce travail est centré sur la région Midi-Pyrénées, région qui héberge encore des populations de ces trois espèces. Il a été réalisé en partenariat étroit entre le Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Midi-Pyrénées, structure animatrice du Plan régional d'actions en faveur des Odonates, et le laboratoire d'Ecologie fonctionnelle EcoLab afin d'assurer un transfert direct des connaissances scientifiques acquises vers les gestionnaires, les aménageurs et les services de l'état en charge de la préservation de la biodiversité
In a context of global biodiversity crisis, reconciling the development of wealth-generating industry and agriculture with nature conservation is a crucial issue. Economic stakeholders are legally obliged to apply the mitigation hierarchy doctrine and thus "avoid, mitigate, and compensate" for their project's impacts. However, for invertebrate protected species, and particularly dragonfly species, basic knowledge on their ecology and population dynamics is lacking. It is thus difficult to accurately anticipate the impacts and propose efficient avoidance and compensation measures. This is particularly true on rivers, which are ecosystems under high pressure owing to their utility for human beings (e.g. water and food resources, transport, energy production, leisure). The aim of this work is to improve knowledge of three protected riverine species of dragonflies: the Orange-spotted emerald Oxygastra curtisii (Dale, 1834), the Pronged clubtail Gomphus graslinii Rambur, 1842, and the Splendid cruiser Macromia splendens (Pictet, 1843), and to provide better assessment methods to evaluate the impacts of the anthropisation of streams on their populations. We sought in particular (1) to improve environmental impact assessments and management of these species within Natura 2000 sites by proposing a standardised survey protocol, (2) to assess the consequences of habitat change, especially water temperature warming, on their phenology and morphology, and (3) to describe and evaluate the impacts of weirs and hydroelectric dams on their populations. This work took place in the Midi-Pyrénées region in southern France, where populations of these three species are still present. It was carried out in close partnership with the Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Midi-Pyrénées, which coordinates the Regional Action Plan for Odonata, and the Functional Ecology Laboratory EcoLab to ensure direct transfer of the scientific knowledge acquired to the ecosystems managers, economic stakeholders and public authorities responsible for biodiversity conservation

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Lambert-Habib, Marie-Laure. "La vie sauvage, enjeu du droit international contemporain : reflexions sur la C.T.E.S. (convention sur le commerce international des especes de faune et de flore sauvages menacees d'extinction)". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010310.

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La CITES, convention de 1973, vise à maintenir le commerce international des espèces sauvages à des niveaux qui ne mettent pas en danger leur survie. Son texte traduit les intérêts des états signataires: le commerce de la faune et la flore sauvages, activité importante surtout pour les pays exportateurs du sud, est autorisé; son contrôle pérennise l'activité économique; les gouvernements conservent la maitrise de l'élaboration du droit. Mais la CITES a évolué sous l'impulsion des ONG, expressions d'une opinion publique des pays du nord sensibilisée aux problèmes d'environnement. L'orientation conversationniste se manifesté par l'accroissement du nombre d'espèces dont le commerce est interdit, et dont on demande aux états du sud de prendre des mesures de protection couteuses; ainsi que par l'augmentation des sanctions commerciales contre les états qui ne remplissent pas les obligations édictées, ces sanctions s'appliquant surtout aux pays du sud. Par suite, le conflit simple entre conservation et commerce laisse entrevoir une fracture plus complexe. D'une part émerge une hypothèse globalisante qui ferait de la diversité biologique mondiale un patrimoine commun de l'humanité dont les générations actuelles seraient redevables aux générations futures : vision ambitieuse et optimiste, mais qui ne reflète pas l'évolution du droit positif et comporte des risques de détournement et d'application inéquitable. D'autre part se manifeste une réaction de "renationalisation", définissant la vie sauvage comme une ressource nationale dont les gouvernements du sud sont comptables en priorité devant les générations actuelles, et notamment les populations locales qui subissent le cout de la conservation. La pratique de la CITES permet ici d'appréhender concrètement des concepts théoriques (utilisation et développement durables, patrimoine commun, générations futures) en les mesurant aux réalités que sont le réflexe de souveraineté et les besoins des populations du sud
The CITES treaty is aimed at keeping international trading of wild species at levels which do not endanger their survival. Its text expresses the interests of the signatory states: trading in wildlife and flora, an important activity particularly for southern countries, is authorized; its control perpetuates economic activity; governements remain in control of law-making. CITES has evolved, however, under the influence of ngos, which are the mouthpieces of an environmentally aware public opinion in the northern hemisphere. The new conservationist trend can be seen in the increasing number of species whose trading is forbidden, and for which southern countries are asked to take costly measures of protection; in the growing number of economic sanctions taken against the states which do not meet the obligations decreed, mainly southern states. Farther, a more complex opposition can be detected behind the simple conflict between conservation and trading. On the one hand, emerges a globalizing hypothesis which would consider the world's biodiversity as a common heritage of mankind, for which current generations would be accountable to future generations: both an optimistic and ambitious vision, but which doesn't reflect the actual evolution of law, and carries the risk of unequitable enforcement. On the other hand, appears a reaction of "re-nationalization", defining wildlife as a national resource for which southern governments are answerable foremost to current generations, in particular the local populations who bear the cost of conservation. Cites practice enables to apprehend theoretical concepts (sustainable use and development, common heritage, future generations. . . ) In concrete terms, by setting them against some realities like the sovereignty reflex and the needs of populations in the southern hemisphere

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Comolet, Arnaud. "La comptabilisation de la nature : éléments pour une analyse dritique du système français de comptes du patrimoine naturel". Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010022.

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Si tout le monde s'accorde à reconnaitre la nécessite de promouvoir un développement durable fondé sur une gestion plus rationnelle de notre patrimoine naturel, encore faut-il pouvoir disposer d'instruments adaptés pour mettre en œuvre cette gestion. En France, le gouvernement a mis en place, voici maintenant plus de dix ans, une commission interministérielle pour les comptes du patrimoine naturel dans le but précisément de permettre une meilleure intégration des préoccupations d'environnement dans le champ de la décision politique. Le schéma général des comptes proposé par cette commission comprend des comptes d'éléments naturels, des comptes d'écozones et des comptes d'agents, reliés les uns aux autres. L'évaluation du patrimoine naturel repose, quant à elle, sur des indicateurs à la fois physiques et monétaires. Le cadre général ainsi défini a été appliqué à trois catégories d'éléments : la faune et la flore sauvage, la forêt et les eaux continentales
If there is now widespread agreement on the need to promote sustainable evelopment, based on more national management of our natural patrimony, we also need instruments desined to introduce this kind of management. The french government set up an interministerial commission on naturalpatrimony accounts ten years ago, with the aim of improving the integration of environmental concerns into political decision-making. The general framework proposed by the commission includes interconnected "natural components", "ecozones" and "agents" accounts. The value of the natural patrimony is calculated with physical and monetary indicators. The general framework has been established for three categories : wild fauna and flora, forest and water

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Derrien-Courtel, Sandrine. "L'étude des peuplements subtidaux rocheux (flore et faune) du littoral breton permet-elle de contribuer à l'évaluation de la qualité écologique du littoral et d'en mesurer les changements dans le temps ?" Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MNHN0026.

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Depuis 2003, 31 sites sont prospectés in situ, dans le cadre du réseau de surveillance REBENT (REseau BENThique) pour le suivi des peuplements subtidaux rocheux (flore et faune) du littoral breton. Il s’agit de décrire qualitativement et quantitativement ces communautés benthiques (biodiversité, densité et distribution), en vue d’évaluer puis de mesurer l'évolution de cet habitat, en réponse aux pressions naturelles et anthropiques. En nous basant sur ces données et sur les évolutions spatio-temporelles enregistrées, nous avons tenté d’identifier, analyser puis tester plusieurs éléments biologiques pertinents, également abordés en terme de fonctionnalité. Les trois principales étapes ont été : la mise au point d’un protocole standardisé, l’identification d’indicateurs écologiques pertinents et une proposition de grilles de lecture permettant de contribuer à la qualification de l’état écologique d’un site, face aux changements naturels et/ou anthropiques, à différentes échelles
Since 2003, 31 sites have been explored in situ within the framework of the REBENT monitoring network (Benthic Network) to follow the progress of subtidal rocky populations (flora and fauna) from the Breton littoral fringe. The description of these benthic communities is used, both qualitatively and quantitatively (biodiversity, density and distribution), to evaluate and then to measure the evolution of this habitat, in response to natural and anthropic pressures. We based our reasoning on this data and the recorded space-time evolutions in an attempt to identify, analyse and test several relevant biological elements, that we approached also in terms of functionality. The three principal stages were as follows: the development of a standardized protocol; the identification of relevant ecological indicators and a proposal of grids which allow us to contribute to the characterization of the ecological state of a site in comparison with natural and/or anthropic changes to various scales

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Lambert-Habib, Marie-Laure. "Le commerce des espèces sauvages : entre droit international et gestion locale : réflexions sur la CITES, Convention de Washington sur le commerce international des espaces [i.e. espèces] de faune et de flore sauvages menacés [i.e. menacées] d'extinction /". Paris ; Montréal (Québec) : l'Harmattan, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37116288z.

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Ruiz-Bedoya, Oscar Dario. "Vers une palynostratigraphie séquentielle du bassin des Llanos, Colombie basée sur la répartition de la matière organique sédimentaire : Cénomanien au Miocène inférieur". Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066449.

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Une etude detaillee de la matiere organique sedimentaire a ete realisee sur des sediments extraits d'un forage d'exploration representatif du bassin des llanos de colombie. L'objectif principal de cette recherche est d'effectuer une interpretation sequentielle de ce bassin a partir de l'analyse des associations organiques naturelles (ou palynofacies) et de la palynologie. Differentes techniques ont ete utilisees (pyrolyse rock-eval, fluorescence, traitement statistique) lors des analyses de 213 echantillons selectionnes. Une classification de la matiere organique sedimentaire adaptee aux elements organiques propres a ce bassin, l'evaluation de son etat de conservation et l'analyse statistique de l'abondance relative des composants, permettent l'identification de quatorze palynofacies representatifs des milieux de depot d'un systeme sedimentaire deltaique. Onze differents etats de la matiere organique a signification paleoenvironnementale nette ont ete selectionnes pour l'analyse de ces palynofacies : phytoclastes opaques equidimensionnels, phytoclastes opaques aciculaires, phytoclastes translucides, matiere organique amorphe, sporomorphes (spores et grains de pollen), palynomorphes marins (kystes de dinoflagelles, acritarches, autres algues marines), basales chitineuses de foraminiferes, algues d'eau douce (botryococcus, pediastrum, scenedesmus), resines, champignons et fragments d'insectes (zooclastes). La comparaison des palynofacies identifies dans cette etude avec ceux qui sont associes dans la dynamique sedimentaire des principaux deltas tropicaux actuels nous permet de proposer un modele sedimentaire pour l'intervalle stratigraphique analyse. Les variations du rapport entre les differents composants organiques a connotation

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Delvolvé, Jean-Jacques. "Un bassin synorogenique varisque : le culm des pyrenees centro-occidentales". Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30096.

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Cette etude a pour but de reconstituer l'histoire du bassin carbonifere antevarisque (culm) des pyrenees du centre ouest. L'etude stratigraphique montre l'age de plus en plus jeune du culm et de la base du culm quand on se deplace vers l'ouest: les manifestations de l'orogenese varisque ne sont donc pas isochrones mais progressent vers l'ouest du namurien basal au westphalien a superieur. L'etude sedimentologique met en evidence des facies a caracteres gravitaires de type cone sous-marin profond. Les sequences sedimentaires observees traduisent une dynamique caracteristique d'un bassin syntectonique en voie de serrage. La phase paroxismale se situe dans l'intervalle westphalien b et c

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Paulin, Pascale. "Les Baka du Gabon dans une dynamique de transformations culturelles- Perspectives linguistiques et anthropologiques". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20077/document.

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Cette thèse propose une analyse approfondie de la dynamique des changements observés au sein d’une communauté de chasseurs-cueilleurs, les Baka du Gabon. Ce groupe se compose de moins de 1000 individus et parle une langue oubanguienne dans un environnement bantuphone. Une comparaison avec les autres langues du même sous-groupe linguistique met en évidence les spécificités du baka et met au jour des affinités entre cette langue et le monzombo. Ces deux groupes ethnolinguistiques semblent avoir entretenu des relations qui s’inscrivent dans une dynamique d’échange de compétences (chasse-cueillette vs pêche-maîtrise du fer). Ce type de complémentarité se retrouve dans les relations entre les Baka et leurs voisins bantu actuels, dont en particulier les Fang, pour ce qui concerne le Gabon.Le mode de vie des Baka demeure, encore aujourd’hui, largement marqué par la mobilité et la forêt. Toutefois, la sédentarisation imposée par voie gouvernementale, la contigüité avec les Fang de même que l’influence croissante de la mondialisation entraînent des transformations par rapport auxquelles les Baka cherchent à se positionner. Ces dernières touchent la langue (système et utilisation) de même que bon nombre de pratiques socioculturelles (habitat, mobilité, alimentation, subsistance, religion, etc.).La thèse s’efforce d’identifier ces transformations, de les décrire et d’en évaluer l’impact en tenant compte de la diversité des situations. Elle comporte, par ailleurs, une réflexion critique des principes de catégorisation fondée sur l’étude de plusieurs domaines lexicaux (faune, flore, maladie). Certains changements peuvent apparaître en surface sans pour autant remettre en cause, de manière fondamentale, leur attachement à la forêt et à certaines valeurs ancestrales. Toutefois, les différentes pressions exogènes (i.a. sédentarisation, mondialisation) et endogènes (i.a. attitude des individus, transmission) qui déterminent alors le degré d’avancement des différentes transformations, ne doivent pas être sous évaluées en tant qu’elles sont une menace pesant sur la langue, la connaissance de la flore et de la faune et certaines pratiques socioculturelles
This thesis proposes a detailed analysis on the dynamic of change observed among the Baka from Gabon, a hunter-gatherer community. This group is composed of less than 1000 individuals speaking an Ubangian language inside a Bantu environment. By comparing their language with others from the same linguistic sub-group, some singularities from Baka and some resemblance with the Monzombo sub-group can be seen. These two ethnolinguistic groups, Baka and Monzombo groups, seem to have kept close contact based on skill exchanges (hunting/gathering and fishing/iron skills). This interaction is witnessed in the exchanges the Baka population preserves with their current Bantu neighbors, especially with Fang in Gabon.Nowadays, the Baka way of life is still characterized by their mobility and the forest. Nevertheless, due to a non-migratory lifestyle imposed by the State, the proximity with the Fang group and the growing globalization, dramatic changes are inflicted to the Baka community. Changes at which they are trying to adapt. These constraints do not affect only their language (system and use) but also many sociocultural habits such as settlement, mobility, food and means of support or religion.The aim of this thesis is to identify these ongoing transformations, to describe and to evaluate their impact bearing in mind the singularity of many contexts. An argumentative reflection on categorization principles is also proposed on lexical domains such as fauna, flora and diseases. Certain changes could arise without necessarily questioning their bonds to the forest and ancestral values. Nonetheless, both exogenous (globalization and a sedentary life) and endogenous pressures (individual behavior and culture transmission) determining the progress of different transformations should not be under evaluated as being a threat to the language, to the knowledge of the flora and fauna and to certain sociocultural practices

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Heijnsbergen, P. van. "International legal protection of wild fauna and flora /". Amsterdam ;Berlin [u.a.] : IOS Press [u.a.], 1997. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/279754914.pdf.

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Martins, Sabrina de Cássia [UNESP]. "Dicionário onomasiológico de expressões cromáticas da fauna e flora:". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86541.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-01-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:27:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_sc_me_sjrp.pdf: 1138360 bytes, checksum: d42e6bec4babc36fd535b1dca8a31317 (MD5)
O presente projeto está inserido no conjunto de pesquisas em Análise Linguística, mais especificamente entre aquelas cujo tema é o Tratamento do Léxico. A presente proposta tem como objeto de estudo o vocabulário da Fauna e da Flora formado por nomes de cores, cujo interesse é motivado pelo papel ativo desses itens na expansão do léxico especializado denominando objetos, pigmentos, nomes geográficos, substâncias, processos, fatos históricos e principalmente as espécies vegetais e animais. Uma vez que nos propomos a organizar um dicionário monolíngue que contemple uma parte especial do léxico da língua portuguesa, a saber, expressões cromáticas (sintagmas nominais que possuam em seu interior nomes de cores) pertencentes aos seguintes subdomínios cromáticos preto, branco, amarelo, azul, laranja, cinza, verde, marrom, vermelho, rosa, violeta, roxo e anil, encontradas em duas subáreas da Biologia: a Botânica, especificamente as Angiospermas, e a Zoologia, exclusivamente os Vertebrados (peixes, mamíferos, aves, anfíbios e répteis), sugerimos uma arquitetura de macroestrutura onomasiológica que seja adequada ao tipo de vocabulário estipulado, sustentada nos princípios taxonômicos, e que possibilite a relação entre conceitos, isto é, espécies que compartilham de características semelhantes. O modelo de microestrutura foi elaborado de modo que contemplasse as informações necessárias para a compreensão do item lexical e que respondesse às necessidades do usuário, no caso, o especialista em Ciências Biológicas e áreas afins. Assim, optamos por um modelo que abordasse informações linguísticas, informações específicas da área, como o nome científico, a definição, bem como contextos em discurso especializado e comum. A presença de dois contextos justifica-se pelo interesse em investigar o uso das expressões...
This study belongs to the group of researches on Linguistic Analysis, specifically among those whose theme is the treatment of the lexicon. This research has as its object of study the vocabulary of Fauna and Flora composed of color names. Our interest is encouraged by the active role of these items to expand the specialised lexicon, naming objects, pigments, geographic names, substances, processes, historical facts and mainly species of animals and plants. We propose to organize a monolingual dictionary that includes a special part of Portuguese language lexicon, namely chromatic phrases (noun phrases composed of color names) belonging to the following chromatic subdomains: black, white, yellow, blue, orange, gray, green, brown, red, pink, violet, purple and indigo, found in two subfields of Biology, Botany, specifically the Angiosperms, and Zoology, only Vertebrates (fishes, mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles). For this reason, we suggested an architecture of onomasiological macrostructure that was appropriated to the type of vocabulary provided, based on taxonomic principles, and that enabled the relationship between concepts, i.e., species that share similar characteristics. The microstructure model was elaborated in order to contemplate the necessary information for understanding the lexical item and responding to user needs, in this case, the expert in Biological Sciences and related fields. Thus, we chose a model that approached linguistic information, specific information of this area, such as scientific name, definition and contexts in specialized and common discourse. The presence of two contexts is justified by the interest in investigating the use of chromatic phrases in various levels of speciality of the discourse. Through the corpus we confirmed the hypothesis that the chromatic phrases act as... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Martins, Sabrina de Cássia. "Dicionário onomasiológico de expressões cromáticas da fauna e flora / /". São José do Rio Preto, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86541.

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Orientador: Claudia Zavaglia
Banca: Gládis Maria de Barcellos Almeida
Banca: Solange Aranha
Resumo: O presente projeto está inserido no conjunto de pesquisas em Análise Linguística, mais especificamente entre aquelas cujo tema é o Tratamento do Léxico. A presente proposta tem como objeto de estudo o vocabulário da Fauna e da Flora formado por nomes de cores, cujo interesse é motivado pelo papel ativo desses itens na expansão do léxico especializado denominando objetos, pigmentos, nomes geográficos, substâncias, processos, fatos históricos e principalmente as espécies vegetais e animais. Uma vez que nos propomos a organizar um dicionário monolíngue que contemple uma parte especial do léxico da língua portuguesa, a saber, expressões cromáticas (sintagmas nominais que possuam em seu interior nomes de cores) pertencentes aos seguintes subdomínios cromáticos preto, branco, amarelo, azul, laranja, cinza, verde, marrom, vermelho, rosa, violeta, roxo e anil, encontradas em duas subáreas da Biologia: a Botânica, especificamente as Angiospermas, e a Zoologia, exclusivamente os Vertebrados (peixes, mamíferos, aves, anfíbios e répteis), sugerimos uma arquitetura de macroestrutura onomasiológica que seja adequada ao tipo de vocabulário estipulado, sustentada nos princípios taxonômicos, e que possibilite a relação entre conceitos, isto é, espécies que compartilham de características semelhantes. O modelo de microestrutura foi elaborado de modo que contemplasse as informações necessárias para a compreensão do item lexical e que respondesse às necessidades do usuário, no caso, o especialista em Ciências Biológicas e áreas afins. Assim, optamos por um modelo que abordasse informações linguísticas, informações específicas da área, como o nome científico, a definição, bem como contextos em discurso especializado e comum. A presença de dois contextos justifica-se pelo interesse em investigar o uso das expressões... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study belongs to the group of researches on Linguistic Analysis, specifically among those whose theme is the treatment of the lexicon. This research has as its object of study the vocabulary of Fauna and Flora composed of color names. Our interest is encouraged by the active role of these items to expand the specialised lexicon, naming objects, pigments, geographic names, substances, processes, historical facts and mainly species of animals and plants. We propose to organize a monolingual dictionary that includes a special part of Portuguese language lexicon, namely chromatic phrases (noun phrases composed of color names) belonging to the following chromatic subdomains: black, white, yellow, blue, orange, gray, green, brown, red, pink, violet, purple and indigo, found in two subfields of Biology, Botany, specifically the Angiosperms, and Zoology, only Vertebrates (fishes, mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles). For this reason, we suggested an architecture of onomasiological macrostructure that was appropriated to the type of vocabulary provided, based on taxonomic principles, and that enabled the relationship between concepts, i.e., species that share similar characteristics. The microstructure model was elaborated in order to contemplate the necessary information for understanding the lexical item and responding to user needs, in this case, the expert in Biological Sciences and related fields. Thus, we chose a model that approached linguistic information, specific information of this area, such as scientific name, definition and contexts in specialized and common discourse. The presence of two contexts is justified by the interest in investigating the use of chromatic phrases in various levels of speciality of the discourse. Through the corpus we confirmed the hypothesis that the chromatic phrases act as... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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Holguin, Ferreyro Monserrat. "Recomendaciones sobre la problemática ambiental del área de protección de flora y fauna ciénegas de Lerma, Estado de México". Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/49271.

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La planificación de áreas protegidas es un proceso que involucra una serie variada de actores den tro de sectores geográficos específicos. Esta planificación se enmarca dentro de planes nacionales más generales y es parte del ordenamiento del territorio indispensable para la conservación y uso sostenible de los recursos naturales de los diversos ecosis temas. Los planes de manejo, son la herramienta que permite servir de base para la implementación de una serie de acciones dirigidas hacia una conservación y desarrollo integral de los recursos. Son parte de la planificación de las áreas protegidas y toman en cuenta aquellos factores indispensables para el desarrollo de áreas específicas (UICN, s.f.).
Nuestro país es considerado, desde el punto de vista de su biodiversidad, como uno de los 12 países mega -diversos por albergar en conjunto entre el 60 y 70% de la biodiversidad del planeta (Mittermeier, 1992) . Las ANP'S son definidas por la legislación federal como zonas del territorio nacional en donde los ambientes originales no han sido significativamente alterados por la actividad del ser humano o que requieren ser preservadas y restauradas y están sujet as al régimen de protección de la Ley General del Equilibrio Ecológico y Protección al Ambiente (Vazquez Torres, et al., s.f.) .

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Torres, Anita Jacinta. "The Flora and Fauna in Eighteenth-Century Colonial Mexican Casta Paintings". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5210/.

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The primary objective of this thesis is to identify patterns of appearance among the flora and fauna of selected eighteenth-century New Spanish casta paintings. The objectives of the thesis are to determine what types of flora and fauna are present within selected casta paintings, whether the flora and fauna's provenance is Spanish or Mexican and whether there are any potential associations of particular flora and fauna with the races being depicted in the same composition. I focus my flora and fauna research on three sets of casta paintings produced between 1750 and 1800: Miguel Cabrera's 1763 series, José Joaquín Magón's 1770 casta paintings, and Andrés de Islas' 1774 sequence. Although the paintings fall into the same genre and within a period of a little over a decade, they nevertheless offer different visions of New Spain's natural bounty and include objects designed to satisfy Europe's interest in the exotic.

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Scheer, Graziela Gonçalves. "Dinâmica temporal de comunidades planctônicas em lavouras de arroz". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/131940.

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As lavouras de arroz são consideradas áreas úmidas artificiais e produzem uma grande quantidade de alimento ao redor do mundo. Estes agroecossistemas são comparados às áreas úmidas naturais, uma vez que são caracterizadas como ambientes altamente produtivos com potencial para conservação da biodiversidade, principalmente de aves e anfíbios. A coluna d’água presente durante a fase alagada do ciclo do cultivo do arroz contempla uma gama de organismos importantes como cicladores de nutrientes. Neste sentido, o estudo tem por objetivo descrever as mudanças que ocorrem na estrutura e composição da comunidade planctônica na coluna d’água de uma lavoura de arroz durante um ciclo de cultivo, considerando o tempo de irrigação da lavoura. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras de água uma vez por semana nos quadros de uma lavoura de arroz comercial cultivada com plantio direto e localizada em Charqueadas, RS, durante a safra agrícola 2013/2014, totalizando 11 campanhas amostrais. Foram avaliadas as características químicas e físicas da água de irrigação, a composição do fitoplâncton e zooplâncton e as alterações na cobertura das plantas e da lâmina de água. As medições demonstraram que os teores dos parâmetros selecionados para a caracterização limnológica da lavoura se mostraram amplamente variáveis, com exceção do pH, temperatura e turbidez. Este último, no entanto, juntamente com os parâmetros nitrato, condutividade, nitrogênio amoniacal e matéria orgânica apresentaram altos teores e estiveram associados ao período inicial de irrigação (até 26 dias), provavelmente devido ao distúrbio do solo, aplicação de ureia e processos de decomposição de macrófitas aquáticas. A composição fitoplanctônica demonstrou a predominância de organismos pertencentes às classes Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Zygnemaphyceae e Cyanobacteria. No entanto, Zygnemaphyceae foi a classe dominante em termos de biomassa, embora tenha ocorrido um aumento da biomassa das espécies pertencentes à classe Bacillariophyceae uma vez que esta classe contempla mais espécies metafíticas. Gêneros característicos de ambientes eutróficos, tais como Scenedesmus, Trachelomonas e Nitzschia foram dominantes em termos de abundância. A biomassa de cianobactérias foi mais representativa no período final de cultivo provavelmente devido aos altos teores de fósforo e menor disponibilidade de luz. Quanto ao zooplâncton, os rotíferos e as formas juvenis de copépodos foram dominantes durante todo o ciclo do cultivo. Espécies dos gêneros tais como Polyarthra, Keratella, Brachionus e Trichocerca comuns em ambientes eutróficos, foram dominantes em termos de densidade. Embora a condição nutricional da água tenha influenciado a estrutura das comunidades planctônicas, o desenvolvimento da planta de arroz ao longo do ciclo tornou o ambiente mais complexo, o que também pode ter ocasionado alterações na composição destas comunidades. O período pós-perfilhamento representou uma fase de transição nas dinâmicas das populações através da diminuição da incidência de luz e aumento de nichos. A influência positiva do nitrato e da luz sugere que o mecanismo ascendente foi mais importante para a estruturação da comunidade fitoplanctônica. A interação entre as comunidades planctônicas sugerem que o consumo por herbivoria não foi limitado pela produtividade primária.
The rice fields are considered artificial wetlands and produce a lot of food around the world. These agricultural ecosystems are compared with natural wetland, since they are characterized as highly productive environments with the potential for conservation of biodiversity, especially of birds, and amphibians. The water column during the flooded phase of the rice cultivation cycle includes a range of important organisms such as nutrient cyclers. In this sense, the study aims to describe the changes taking place in the structure and composition of the plankton community in the water column of a rice crop during a crop cycle, considering the time of crop irrigation. To this end, water samples were collected once a week in the plots of a commercial rice crop, located in Charqueadas RS, during the 2013/2014 harvest, totaling 11 sampling campaigns. The chemical and physical characteristics of the irrigation water, the composition of the phytoplankton and zooplankton, changes in the canopy of the plants and the water layer depth, were evaluated. Measurements have shown that the concentrations of the selected parameters for the limnological characterization of tillage displayed widely variability, except for pH, temperature and turbidity. The latter, however, together with nitrate, conductivity, ammonia nitrogen and organic matter parameters showed high concentrations and have been associated with the initial irrigation period (until 26 days), probably due to disturbance of the soil, urea application and processes of decomposition of aquatic weeds. The phytoplankton composition demonstrated the predominance of organisms belonging to classes Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Zygnemaphyceae and Cyanobacteria. However, Zygnemaphyceae was the dominant class in terms of biomass, although there was an increase in the biomass of species of the class Bacillariophyceae, since this class include more metaphytic species. Genres characteristic of eutrophic environments such as Scenedesmus, Trachelomonas and Nitzschia were dominant in terms of abundance. The biomass of cyanobacteria was more representative in the late cultivation period is likely due to high concentrations of phosphorus and low light availability. Regarding zooplankton, the rotifers and juvenile forms of copepods were dominant throughout the growing cycle. Species of the genera such as Polyarthra, Keratella, Brachionus and Trichocerca, common in eutrophic environments, were dominant in terms of density. Although the nutritional status of water has influenced the structure of plankton communities, the development of the rice plant throughout the cycle became the environment more complex, which may also have caused changes in the composition of these communities. The tillering period represented a transitional phase on the population dynamics by decreasing the incidence of light and increase niches. The positive influence of nitrate and light suggests that the mechanism bottom up was more important to the structure of the phytoplankton community. The interaction between the planktonic communities suggest that consumption by herbivores was not limited by primary productivity.

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Fromell, Ebba, i Sofie Söderberg. "Skogspedagogen : En faktaskur om djur och natur". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-311352.

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Flores, Navarro Mauricio Adrian. "Efecto del pastoreo sobre el proceso de infiltración del suelo en el área de protección de flora y fauna Nevado de Toluca". Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/58736.

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El proceso de infiltración de agua en el suelo, medido a través de la capacidad de los suelos para conducir agua de lluvia (conductibilidad hidráulica)
La provisión de agua potable en regiones templadas depende de la integridad de los ecosistemas de montaña, en donde cada especie vegetal presente influye de manera tanto directa ( consumo de agua ) como indirecta (características fisicoquímicas del suelo)

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Zanzini, Antonio Carlos da Silva. "Avaliação comparativa da abordagem do meio biótico em estudos de impacto ambiental no Estado de Minas Gerais". Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-03022017-122023/.

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A presente pesquisa foi conduzida a partir de consultas ao acervo de Estudos de Impacto Ambiental (EIAs) aprovados pela Fundação do Meio Ambiente de Minas Gerais, no período compreendido entre 1986 e 1999. O objetivo da pesquisa foi proceder a uma avaliação da concordância dos estudos sobre o meio biótico contidos nos EIAs consultados com a legislação que fornece as diretrizes básicas para estudos sobre o meio em questão. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram avaliados os estudos sobre a flora e a fauna silvestres não aquáticas, contidos em uma amostra representativa de 111 EIAS pertencentes a 5 setores e 25 tipos de atividades. Os estudos sobre a flora, bem como os estudos sobre a fauna, foram avaliados mediante o emprego de 7 variáveis legais subdivididas em 36 itens e 15 variáveis técnicas subdivididas em 67 itens. Ao todo, cada EIA selecionado para a pesquisa foi avaliado mediante a análise de 44 variáveis subdivididas em 206 itens . Os resultados obtidos revelaram que os estudos sobre o meio biótico contido nos Estudos de Impacto Ambiental não atendem satisfatoriamente às exigências legais previstas na regulamentação disciplinadora do tema, tanto em nível estadual como em nível federal. Tampouco atendem às recomendações técnicas básicas preconizadas para a condução de estudos sobre o meio em questão. No aspecto que se refere à concordância com a legislação, as principais falhas foram observadas nas variáveis legais relacionadas ao diagnóstico ambiental da área de influência do empreendimento impactante, à proposição de medidas mitigadoras dos impactos negativos e à proposição de programas de monitoramento dos impactos. Com relação ao atendimento das recomendações técnicas, foram identificadas falhas consistentes nas variáveis técnicas relacionadas à amplitude de duração dos estudos; à observação da sazonalidade, esforço amostral e replicação da amostragem durante a condução dos estudos; à comparação com estudos anteriores realizados em nível regional ou estadual: à realização de análises embasadas na vulnerabilidade das espécies; à realização de análise embasadas na aplicação de índices ecológicos; ao emprego de análises multivariadas, de padrões de distribuição e de espécie-abundância na condução dos estudos; e ao número de especialistas presentes na equipe executora dos estudos. Esses resultados indicam que os estudos sobre o meio biótico conduzidos nos EIAs apresentam qualidade duvidosa no aspecto que se refere ao rigor legal e técnico e impõem a necessidade de que tais estudos sejam revisados com mais critério pelo órgão ambiental e que sejam criados protocolos com maior fundamento técnico-científico para sua execução.
The present research work was carried out from consultations to the material of Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) approved by the Fundação Estadual do Meio Ambiente de Minas Gerais (State Foundation of Environment of Minas Gerais) over the period encompassed between 1986 and 1999. The objective of the research work was to proceed an evaluation of the agreement of the studies about the biotic mean contained in the EIS consulted with the legislation which furnishes the basic guidelines for it execution and with the technical-scientific guidelines for the study of the mean in issue. In the development of the research work were evaluated the studies of the non-aquatic wild flora and fauna,contained in a sample representative of 111 ElAs belonging to 5 sectors and 25 sorts of activities. The studies about the flora were evaluated by means of the use of 7 legal variables subdivided into 36 items and 15 technical variables subdivided into 67 items. In the same way, the studies on fauna were evaluated through the use of 7 legal variables subdivided into 36 items and 15 technical variables subdivided into 67 items. In whole, each EIS selected for the research work was assessed by means of the analysis of 44 variables subdivided into 206 items. The results obtained revealed that the studies upon the biotic mean contained in the Environment Impact Statement do not meet satisfactorily the legal demands foreseen in the disciplining regulation of the subject, both at the state and federal leveI. Neither, they meet the basic technical-scientific recommendations commended for the accomplishment of studies on the mean in issue. As far as the agreement is concerned with the legislation, the early failures were found in the legal variables concerned with the environmental diagnostic of the influence area of the impacting enterprise; with the proposition of mitigation measures and with the proposition of monitoring programs of the impacts. As regards the meeting of the technical-scientific recommendations, were identified consistent failures in the technical variables related with the range of the length of the studies; the observation of seasonality, samplal effort and replication of the sampling over the execution of the studies; the content of the listings of species presented in the studies; the comparison with previous studies performed at the regional or state level; the accomplishment of analyses based on the species vulnerability; the undertaking of analyses based on the application of ecological indices; the use of multivariate analyses, distribution patterns and of species-abundance in the accomplishment of the studies and the number of experts present in the team performing the studies. Those results point out, that the studies on the biotic mean conducted in the EIS present doubtful quality in the aspects concerned as far as the legal and technical-scientific rigor are concerned, and imposes the need that such studies be reviewed with more criterion by the environmental organ and be presented protocols with greater technical-scientific fundamentals for their accomplishment.

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García, Ruiz Ketty Betsamar. "Análisis semántico de términos binomiales de flora y fauna en la lengua awajún". Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/17540.

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El estudio de sistemas léxicos etnobiológicos de las distintas lenguas del mundo es un campo atractivo de investigación para diversas especialidades, principalmente aquellas vinculadas con la biología y la lingüística. Dentro de esta última, el interés se ha centrado en el reconocimiento de procesos formativos de palabras y en el análisis de la riqueza semántica que presenta el complejo sistema de nominación de las especies biológicas. En este contexto, esta investigación desarrolla, desde la semántica cognitiva, el estudio de las nominaciones de plantas y animales (esencialmente binomios de estructura nombre-nombre) en la lengua amazónica awajún hablada por la comunidad de Morroyacu de la región peruana de San Martín. El análisis de los binomios que conforman el corpus reveló que, en awajún, hay mecanismos predominantes que subyacen a la producción léxica etnobiológica, como la metáfora de semejanza y la metonimia. Justamente, la metonimia se presenta fructífera y altamente variada (causa por efecto, hábitat por habitante, objeto empleado por empleador, entre otras) para nominar plantas y animales que hay en el entorno de la comunidad. Además de estos procesos representativos, resultó clave incluir el conocimiento experiencial y cultural (narraciones, creencias, tradiciones) de los hablantes, por cuanto constituyen datos que intervienen en la nominación del léxico etnobiológico.
Tesis

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Sandau, Stephen Dee. "A Uintan (Late Middle Eocene) Flora and Fauna from the Uinta Basin, Utah". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2005. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/247.

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Late Middle Eocene time marks one of the most dynamic periods of the Paleogene in the western interior of North America. Analysis of an extensive, new collection of plant, invertebrate, and vertebrae fossils from the Uinta Formation in the Uinta Basin, south of Myton, Utah, USA, provides evidence of environmental change. Paleobotanical specimens are preserved in late stage Uinta Lake sediments and coarse-grained fluvial sediments which are stratigraphically 650 to 660 m above the Green River Formation. Deposition rates estimates of 18 to 55 cm/kyr, for Uinta Lake sediments in the Uinta Basin suggest a period of 1.18 Ma to 3.69 Ma to deposit the thick section of lacustrine and fluvial sediments that separates the well-documented Green River Flora from this new fossil leaf assemblage, the Wells Draw flora. Prolific invertebrate trace fossils and invertebrates have a preference for areas with high to fluctuating water tables and soil moistures. The trace fossils are similar to traces of extant invertebrates found in temperate to tropical climates. A variety of reptiles, namely eight species of turtles/tortoise, one lizard (first report of Saniwa from the Uinta Formation), and at least two crocodilian species, are indicative of warm-temperate to subtropical climatic zones. Flow direction data derived from sedimentary structures in sandstone channel-fills confirms previous studies which indicate the major sediment source area was to the east with a prevailing westward to northwestward flow direction. The presence of higher elevation plant material within the flora, however, implies possible hydraulic transport from the nearby Uinta Mountain highlands, located north of the basin. The first report of Palmoxylon from the Uinta Formation, included in this report, corroborates the faunal indicators of a tropical climate. Physiognomical analysis of the flora yields a mean annual temperature (MAT) of 16.1◦C and a mean annual precipitation (MAP) of 56 cm. Compared with older Green River flora, these new data suggest a slight drying and cooling trend toward the end of the Eocene. Leaf types also indicate possible seasonality with seasonally dry periods and an overall warm-temperate environment with extreme minima temperatures not much below freezing.

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Campolim, Juliana de La Rua. "A importância da reserva legal na propriedade rural". Universidade Católica de Santos, 2012. http://biblioteca.unisantos.br:8181/handle/tede/1563.

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Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2015-05-27T14:19:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana de La Rua Campolim.pdf: 625117 bytes, checksum: d520b9d8c19c30b8bbe47b830fc74121 (MD5)
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This study treats the Legal Reserve as one of the most important components for the preservation of natural resources in Brazil. Along with the Environmental Law, the Legal Reserve - in order to fulfill the Property Social Role ¿ allows rural landowners to make good use of natural resources and still preserve the environment in a rational way, besides providing shelter for the native flora and fauna of the region where it is located. Among important legal and environmental functions to the efficiency of environmental preservation, the lack of incentives ¿ which benefit rural producers from voluntarily establishing the institution of Legal Reserve ¿ is one of the factors that prevent an environmental reserve from existing in the majority of the rural properties within the national territory. Thus, it is essential that producers and people in general realize the importance of the Legal Reserve in rural properties, where the natural resources are preserved for present and future generations of Brazil.
Este estudo trata a Reserva Legal como um dos componentes mais importantes para a preservação dos recursos naturais de nosso país. Engajada ao Direito Ambiental, para cumprir com a função Social da Propriedade, a Reserva Legal permite que o proprietário rural usufrua dos recursos ali presentes e ainda preserve o meio ambiente de forma racional ¿ além de proporcionar abrigo para a flora e fauna nativa da região em que a mesma se encontra. Em meio a funções ambientais e jurídicas importantes para que a preservação do meio ambiente seja eficaz, a falta de incentivos que beneficiem o produtor rural para implantar, de maneira voluntária, a instituição da Reserva Legal é um dos fatores que impedem atualmente que haja uma reserva ambiental na maioria das propriedades rurais existentes no território nacional. Desta forma, é imprescindível que os produtores e as pessoas em geral percebam a importância da Reserva Legal na propriedade rural, onde os recursos naturais sejam preservados para as gerações presente e futura de nosso país.

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Wichert, Friedrich. "Natura 2000 : kooperatives Vorgehen von Gemeinschaft und Mitgliedstaaten bei der Errichtung eines Netzes von Schutzgebieten zum Zwecke des Artenschutzes /". Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/ilmenau/toc/336805098.PDF.

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Cytrynowicz, Michael. "Determinantes da riqueza local de especies de insetos fitofagos associados a plantas de uma area de cerrado". [s.n.], 1987. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316321.

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Orientador : Woodruff Whitman Benson
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Examinamos, de abril de 1981 a fevereiro de 1982, plantas de 31 espécies de Cerrado, em parcelas localizadas no Setor de Ensino da Reserva Biológica de Moji-Guaçu, são Paulo, Campininha registrando as espécies de insetos fitófagos encontrados em sua folhagem, com o objetivo de contrastar a riqueza em insetos com diferenças intra e interespecíficas nessas espécies vegetais. A representação dos diferentes grupos de insetos variou muito ao longo do trabalho, sendo os homópteros predominantes, em percentuais, durante o inverno frio e seco, (em que ocorreu uma forte geada), e os coleópteros muito comuns após o inIcio das chuvas, na primavera, As ordens de insetos melhor representadas em números de espécies foram os homópteros e os coleópteros; as famílias melhor representadas, Cicadellidae,Chrysomelidae, Curculionidaee Membracidae:a espécie mais comumente observada, e a mais abundante, foi do afídeo Toxofera aurantii, na primavera. As variações fenológicas nas plantas foram muito pronunciadas, intra e inter -especificamente; as espécies separam-se basicamente em 2 grupos: espécies que derrubaram suas folhas no inverno, e espécies de crescimento contínuo, que não o fizeram; as espécies vegetais mostram grande variação na susceptibilidade à geada. Os números de espécies de insetos variaram consideravelmente, de planta a planta, e de espécie vegetal a espécie vegetal, através de análise de regressão múltipla verificamos que o nível interespecIfico, tamanho (positivamente) e danos devidos à geada (negativamente) são os melhores correlatos dos números de espécies de insetos; fatores como a pilosidade, dureza foliar, e outros, parecem afetar a composição das faunas associadas, em termos de maior ou menor freqüência de insetos sugadores ou mastigadores, mas não o tamanho das faunas. ... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Doutorado
Ecologia
Doutor em Ciências Biológicas

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Barreto, Vargas Adrián. "Percepción social de plagas forestales en el Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Nevado de Toluca". Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/98632.

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El siguiente documento integra la descripción del problema de plagas forestales y su vínculo con el aprovechamiento del recurso forestal, integrándose dentro de un marco teórico basado en conceptos de la perspectiva social abordada desde diferentes ciencias. Como resultado, se aborda el problema desde la postura de la antropología ecológica y englobándolo en un contexto en el que se desarrollan distintas dinámicas correspondientes a la relación humano-naturaleza. El aprovechamiento de los recursos forestales, la extracción ilegal de madera y la proliferación y expansión de plagas y enfermedades han afectado las condiciones del recurso forestal, lo que ha generado una falta de arbolado o una severa reducción en la densidad de los bosques (Regil, et al 2014). Otro factor que ha contribuido al deterioro de los recursos forestales han sido las plagas forestales, las que han causado la fragmentación de bosques y pérdida de cobertura forestal, lo cual, se convierte en un problema de deterioro ambiental1 en el Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Nevado de Toluca (APFFNT), ejemplo de esto han sido los patógenos característicos de la zona, como son el descortezador de los pinos de montaña (Dendroctonus adjunctus) y el muérdago enano (Arceuthobium vaginatum, A. globosum) (Endara, et al 2010)
El Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Nevado de Toluca (APFFNT) se encuentra sujeta a distintas presiones tanto antrópicas como naturales, entre ellas, destaca la presencia de plagas forestales, tales como los muérdagos enanos y el gusano barrenador, las cuales han llegado a infestar hasta un 50% de la cobertura de los bosques dentro del ANP. En este estudio, se indaga sobre la percepción de los pobladores sobre este problema con la finalidad de saber la valoración que se le da al recurso forestal, así como la relación aprovechamiento-percepción.

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Laidlaw, William Scott, i mikewood@deakin edu au. "The Effects of Phytophthora Cinnamomi on heathland flora and fauna of the Eastern Otway Ranges". Deakin University. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 1997. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051111.121612.

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The plant pathogen, Phytophthora dnnamomi, is a cause of dieback disease observed in sclerophyll vegetation in Australia, The effects of P. dnnamomi on flora and fauna were studied at two locations in heathland vegetation near the coastal town of Anglesea, Victoria. The pathogen was isolated from soils beneath diseased heathland plants. The extent of diseased vegetation was assessed by the presence and absence of highly sensitive indicator species, Xanthorrhoea australis and hopogon ceratophyllus. The characteristics of heathland vegetation exhibiting dieback disease associated with the presence of P. dnnamomi were investigated. Plant species richness was similar between diseased and non-diseased areas however diseased areas were characterised by significant declines in the cover and frequency of susceptible species, increases in resistant species and increases in percent cover of open ground. Compared to non-diseased areas, diseased areas exhibited fewer shrub species and decreased shrub cover. The percentage cover and number of species of sedges, lilies and grasses were higher in diseased areas. Structural differences were significant between 0-0.6 m with decreased cover of vegetation in diseased areas. Differences in structure between diseased and non-diseased areas were not as great as expected due to increases in the cover of resistant species. A number of regenerating X australis were observed in post-disease areas. Cluster analysis of floristic data could clearly separate diseased and non-diseased trap stations. The population dynamics and habitat use of eight small mammal species present were compared in diseased and non-diseased areas using trapping and radio-tracking techniques. The number of small mammal species captured in post-disease areas was significantly lower than non-diseased areas. Mean captures of Antechinus stuartii and Rattus fiisdpes were significantly lower in diseased areas on Grid B. Mean captures of Rattus lutreolus were significantly lower in diseased areas on both study grids. Significant differences were not observed in every season over the two year study period. Radio tracking revealed more observations of Sminthopsis leucopus in non-diseased vegetation than in diseased. Cercartetus nanus was frequently observed to utilise the disease susceptible X. australis for nesting. At one location, the recovery of vegetation and small mammal communities in non-diseased and diseased vegetation after fuel reduction burning was monitored for three years post-fire. Return of plant species after fire in both disease classes were similar, reaching 75% of pre-fire richness after three years. Vegetation cover was slower to return after fire in diseased areas. Of the seven small mammal species captured pre-fire, five were regularly captured in the three years after fire. General linear model analysis revealed a significant influence of disease on capture rates for total small mammals before fire and a significant influence of fire on capture rates for total small mammals after fire. After three years, the influence of fire on capture rates was reduced no significant difference was detected between disease classes. Measurements of microclimate indicate that diseased, burnt heathland was likely to experience greater extremes of temperature and wind speed. Seeding of diseased heathland with X. australis resulted in the establishment of seedlings of this sensitive species. The reported distributions of the mamma] species in Victoria were analysed to determine which species were associated with the reported distribution of dieback disease. Twenty-two species have more than 20% of their known distribution in diseased areas. Five of these species, Pseudomys novaehollandiae, Pseudomys fumeust Pseudomys shortridgei, Potorous longipes and Petrogale pencillata are rare or endangered in Victoria. Four of the twenty-two species, Sminthopsis leucopus, Isoodon obesulus, Cercartetus nanus and Rottus lutreolus am observed in Victorian heathlands. Phytophthora cinnamomi changes both the structure and floristics of heathland vegetation in the eastern Qtway Ranges. Small mammals respond to these changes through decreased utilisation of diseased heathland. The pathogen threatens the diversity of species present and future research efforts should be directed towards limiting its spread and rehabilitating diseased areas.

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Galeote, Manuel. "Léxico indígena de flora y fauna : en tratados sobre las Indias Occidentales de autores andaluces /". Granada : Servicio de Publ. de la Universidad de Granada, 1997. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/267616384.pdf.

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Univ., Diss. u.d.T.: Galeote, Manuel: El léxico indioamericano de la flora y de la fauna en la obra historiográfica y científica de los cronistas andaluces de las Indias Occidentales--Granada, 1993.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [477]-498) and index.

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Millán, Rojas Laura, i Reyes Tizbe Teresa Arteaga. "Servicios ambientales culturales en el Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Nevado de Toluca". Tesis de maestría, UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/67617.

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La Dra. Tizbe Teresa Arteaga Reyes participó: (i) como corresponsable del proyecto de investigación “Parque Nacional Nevado de Toluca: un laboratorio socioambiental en la innovación de políticas para la gestión de parques nacionales”, con clave 162955, en el marco del Convenio Bilateral México-Francia (ii) en la dirección de la tesis de Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales de la C. Laura Millán Rojas; y (iii) en la redacción de un artículo científico como autora por correspondencia. Tanto la tesis de maestría como el artículo científico fueron productos derivados de dicho proyecto de investigación.
Cultural environmental services (CES) are perceived as non-material benefits that societies obtain from ecosystems; benefits that are considered as an important attribute within the conceptual framework of environmental services (ES). However, they are the least addressed by academia and decision making, regarding care and conservation of natural resources since the biophysical part is generally addressed, leaving aside the social aspect. This research is embedded into ES framework and it focuses on the analysis of the spatial representation of CES; it assumes that identification and documentation of social perspectives, through CES, is important to generate integral information based on relevant values associated with ecosystems. The objective was to analyse SAC that are provided by natural spaces of San Francisco Oxtotilpan to its inhabitants, within the context of the Flora and Fauna Protected Area Nevado de Toluca, Mexico, an area of ecological and cultural relevance at state and national levels. Semi-structured interviews and social cartography were applied for the identification of CES, natural spaces and the practices to which they are related to, as well as threats and conservation actions in such spaces. Six CES were identified: spiritual and religious, recreational, aesthetic, sense of identity and belonging to a place, cultural heritage, and sensory sense of subjective well-being. It is concluded that CES are associated with natural spaces and practices of daily life, that cause the receipt of such benefits by inhabitants. There is a multiple provision and receipt of CES that shows the relationship between natural space, practices and benefits. This research seeks that the documentation of knowledge contributes to the scientific enrichment around ES, specifically of CES, so it enables its consideration into decision making, firstly, at local level.
Al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) por el financiamiento para: (i) la Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales de la Lic. Laura Millán Rojas y (ii) el proyecto de investigación “Parque Nacional Nevado de Toluca: un laboratorio socioambiental en la innovación de políticas para la gestión de parques nacionales”, con clave 162955, en el marco del Convenio Bilateral México-Francia.

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Plata, Pérez Genaro. "CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LOS SISTEMAS DE PRODUCCIÓN OVINA EN EL ÁREA DE PROTECCIÓN DE FLORA Y FAUNA NEVADO DE TOLUCA". Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México , Facultad de Medicina veterinaria y zootecnia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/58591.

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El Estado de México es el principal productor de ovinos en el país. Existen diversos sistemas de producción ovinos que se adaptan a las características geográficas, políticas, sociales y económicas de cada región, sin embargo muchos sistemas ovinos no han caracterizado por lo que el objetivo de este estudio es la caracterización de los SPO en el área natural protegida Nevado de Toluca. Los sistemas se caracterizaron desde un enfoque de sistemas. Se analizaron el manejo zootécnico basado en cuatro aspectos alimentación, reproducción, sanidad, infraestructura e indicadores productivos evaluar la eficiencia del manejo zootécnico. Aplicando encuestas a productores de ovinos en las localidades del área natural protegida Nevado de Toluca. Se clasificaron los rebaños por el número de ovinos que los conforman, Rebaños pequeños (<15 ovinos), rebaños medianos (<50 ovinos) y rebaños grandes (>50 ovinos). Los rebaños predominantes son rebaños pequeños (90%). El manejo zootécnico es de tipo tradicional. El manejo zootécnico de los grupos fue diferente (P<0.05) en desparasitación y pastoreo en bosque. El manejo alimentario es semi-estabulado en (77.3, 74,1, 84.6%) con pastoreo de praderas naturales y bosque, la reproducción se da por monta natural y las desparasitaciones y el tratamiento clínico ocasional conforman el manejo sanitario. La mortalidad de adultos (8.3, 3.6, 3.7%) y el índice de eficiencia de pastoreo (20, 8.5, 6.2 medido en unidades de distancia entre tiempo de pastoreo, Km./hrs.) fueron diferentes entre grupos (P<0.05), mientras en los indicadores mortalidad de crías, natalidad e índice de extracción las diferencias no fueron significativas (P>0.05). La mortalidad de crías es elevada (22.8, 14.6 y 16.3%) lo cual limita la productividad de los sistemas de la región. Los sistemas de producción ovina en el Nevado de Toluca tienen mínima incorporación de tecnología, sin embargo los indicadores productivos mortalidad de adultos, natalidad e índice de extracción son aceptables.

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Jahan, Amreen. "The effect of salinity in the flora and fauna of the Sundarbans and the impacts on local livelihood". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-364971.

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Barrena, Medina Ana María. "La protección de las especies silvestres: especial tratamiento de la protección in situ". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/28038.

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Oliveira, Flavia Preto de Godoy. "Natureza peregrina: a fauna e a flora das índias ocidentais nas crônicas oficiais hispânicas (1570-1620)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-16052016-151533/.

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Esta tese apresenta uma reflexão acerca dos conhecimentos sobre a fauna e a flora do Novo Mundo produzidos pelas instituições vinculadas à Coroa espanhola entre os anos de 1570 e 1620. Para tanto, optou-se pela análise das crônicas oficiais e dos documentos expedidos pelo Consejo de Indias que demandavam informações sobre o mundo natural americano. As configurações e as funções que assumiam os saberes sobre os animais e as plantas nas estruturas burocráticas e no espaço discursivo das crônicas oficiais são elementos analisados ao longo dos quatro capítulos que compõem a tese. No primeiro apartado, além de discussões teóricas e historiográficas sobre as relações entre império, conhecimento e ciência, foram examinadas algumas das cédulas e instruções enviadas pelo Consejo de Indias a diferentes partes do continente no período anterior a 1570. O segundo capítulo foi dedicado à análise da reforma empreendida por Juan de Ovando no Consejo de Indias, sobretudo, em relação às leis e demandas relativas à coleta de dados e construção de conhecimentos sobre o continente americano, também foram discutidos aspectos relacionados à criação do cargo de cosmógrafo o cronista maior das Índias. O terceiro capítulo está dedicado ao exame das obras do primeiro cosmógrafo e cronista maior das Índias, Juan López de Velasco. O último capítulo está centrado no estudo dos dois cronistas oficiais das Índias que atuaram durante o reinado de Felipe III: Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas e Pedro de Valencia. Com a análise desse conjunto documental, pretendemos evidenciar a configuração de uma cultura epistêmica no seio das instituições oficiais, a qual estava em diálogo com tradições letradas e científicas do período, bem como com os anseios de constituição de uma ideia de império para a Monarquia Hispânica.
This thesis presents a reflection about the knowledge of the New Worlds fauna and flora, generated by the institutions linked to the Spanish Crown between the years of 1570 and 1620. For this, it was opted for the analysis of the official chronicles and documents issued by Consejo de Indias that demanded information about the American natural world. The configurations and the functions that took on the knowledge about animals and plants in the bureaucratic structures and in the discursive space of the official chronicles are analyzed elements during the four chapters that compound the thesis. In the first part, beyond the theoretical and historiographical discussions about the relationships among the empire, knowledge and science, were examined some of the documents and instructions sent by Consejo de Indias to different parts of the continent in the period before 1570. The second chapter was dedicated to the analysis of the reform made by Juan de Ovando in Consejo de Indias, mainly with regard to laws and demands linked to data gathering and knowledge building about the American continent and also were discussed aspects related to the creation of the cosmographer-chronicler major of Indies position. The third chapter is dedicated to the examination of the first cosmographer-chronicler major of Indies Juan Lopez de Velascos work. The last chapter is focused on the analysis of two Indies official chroniclers that acted during Felipe IIIs reign: Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas and Pedro de Valencia. With the analysis of this documentation, it is intended to emphasize the configuration of an epistemic culture within the official institutions, culture related to literate and scientific traditions of that period as well as to the desire to establish an idea of empire for the Hispanic monarchy.

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Legorreta, Gómez Luis Isaac. "Diseño de Senderos Interpretativos en el Área de protección de Flora y Fauna Nevado de Toluca". Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/67470.

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El origen de la primera reservas se remonta a más de 3,000 años, echos atribuidos al faraón egipcio Akhanatán. Durante el siglo Xl a.C.
Los problemas ambientales son generados por el estilo de vida de los seres humanos quienes irónicamente son los que, en la actualidad, se ven más perjudicados con su forma de vivir y los avances tecnológicos.

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Marques, Leonardo Vidal. "Dinâmica populacional de Halodule wrightii Ascherson e sua fauna e flora associada em Cabo Frio RJ". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2288.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Fanerógamas marinhas (gramas marinhas) são plantas com flores adaptadas ao ambiente marinho costeiro da maioria dos continentes do mundo. As gramas marinhas formam extensos bancos e proveem valiosos recursos em águas costeiras rasas em todo o mundo, servindo de alimento e berçário para espécies importantes de pescados comerciais e recreacionais. Nesse estudo foi realizada uma revisão sobre o estado de conhecimento das fanerógamas marinhas no Brasil até o presente momento; avaliou-se a importância do monitoramento em longo prazo e a influência de fatores ambientais, como o número de manchas solares; pesquisou-se também a distribuição espacial da grama marinha, bem como a fauna e flora associada; e o crescimento de Halodule wrightii em duas condições ambientais extremas (exposta no ciclo de maré baixa e permanentemente submersa). A revisão bibliográfica sobre as gramas marinhas foi abrangente e verificou a existência de algumas lacunas no conhecimento. Através do monitoramento a longo prazo pôde ser observado que o número de manchas solares tem forte relação negativa sobre a altura do dossel das gramas marinhas de região entre marés. A variação de marés na região de mediolitoral está relacionada diretamente com a distribuição espacial de Halodule wrightii e, consequentemente na distribuição da fauna e flora associada. A diferença de crescimento nos eixos de Halodule wrightii em condições ambientais diferentes é compensada pelas variações nas características de distribuição da planta no ambiente, tais como a altura do dossel, a densidade e biomassa de eixos. O monitoramento a longo prazo pode permitir a tomada de ações que auxiliem no manejo e na recuperação desses importantes habitats costeiros.
Seagrass are flowering plants adapted to coastal marine environments of most continents of the world. Seagrasses form extensive meadows and provide valuable resources in shallow coastal waters worldwide, serving as food and nursery areas for important species of commercial and recreational fish. This study is: a review of the state of knowledge up to now of seagrass in Brazil; an assessment of the importance of long-term monitoring and the influence of long-term environmental factors, such as sunspot number; an analysis of the spacial distribution of seagrass and its associated flora and fauna; an investigation of the growth of Halodule wrightii in two spatially discrete extreme environmental conditions (exposed at low tide cycle and permanently submerged). The literature review on the seagrass was comprehensive and verified the existence of some gaps in knowledge. By monitoring over the long term it could be observed that the number of sunspots has a strong negative relationship with the canopy height of seagrass in the intertidal region. The variation of tides in the intertidal region is directly related to the spatial distribution of Halodule wrightii, and consequently the distribution of fauna and flora associated. Under different environmental conditions the variation in shoot growth of Halodule wrightii is compensated for by variations in the distribution of biomass in the plants, such as canopy height, density and biomass of shoots. The long-term monitoring may allow action to be the taken in order to assist in the management and recovery of these important coastal habitats.

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Sriwati, Rina. "Succession of nematode fauna and fungal flora in pine trees after infection with the pinewood nematode". Kyoto University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/78171.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第13098号
農博第1603号
新制||農||939(附属図書館)
学位論文||H19||N4224(農学部図書室)
UT51-2007-H371
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授二井一禎, 教授髙藤晃雄, 教授武田博清
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Villanueva, Jarpa Carolina del Pilar. "Stickers murales ornamentales basados en la flora y fauna de las áreas silvestres protegidas de Chile". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101040.

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El diseño gráfico está en todas partes, tocando todo lo que hacemos, tocando todo lo que vemos, y tocando todo lo que compramos. Con esta premisa el proyecto se basa en la creación de stickers murales como producto alternativo en el uso de la decoración de interior, integrando al usuario en el proceso final de diseño, permitiéndole dar personalidad a las piezas, más allá de la elección de la misma. Estas piezas serán un registro de la geografía, flora y fauna de nuestro país, basándose en las áreas silvestres de nuestro país. Siendo la Cordillera, el elemento protagonista de nexo entre las distintas piezas. Este proyecto se basa en una colección de Stickers para muros, que incluye la selección de 8 parques nacionales y 2 reservas nacionales, con sus espectivas características geográficas, flora y fauna. Esto será el origen para la creación de un contexto grafico a través de colores y formas. El valor de generar estas piezas adhesivas es que sean una intervención alternativa en los hogares con el fin de rescatar, rememorar e incorporar en los espacios a Chile, a través su Patrimonio Natural.

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Stowasser, Andreas, Tabea Lagemann, Jana Salim, Ines Reichardt, Ines Leuschner, Uta Kleinknecht i Jan Stegner. "WRRL und FFH in Sachsen – Maßnahmenplanung". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-139489.

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In der Studie wurde eine Maßnahmenplanung zur gemeinsamen Umsetzung der Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (WRRL) und der Fauna-Flora-Habitat-Richtlinie (FFH-RL) unter Berücksichtigung des Biotopverbunds erstellt. Ziel war es, eine optimale Nutzung von Synergieeffekten zu erreichen. Projektgebiet war das FFH-Gebiet »Lossa und Nebengewässer«, das sich überwiegend im Landkreis Leipzig befindet. Mit dem angewendeten Planungsansatz können die finanziellen Aufwendungen bei der praktischen Umsetzung minimiert werden. Zielkonflikte konnten mittels Umsetzbarkeitsanalyse und daraus abgeleiteter Maßnahmenpriorisierung gelöst werden. Die ebenfalls im Rahmen des Projektes erstellte allgemeine Handlungsanleitung (Heft 11/2014 der Schriftenreihe) wurde in dem Pilotgebiet erfolgreich angewendet.

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Stowasser, Andreas, Tabea Lagemann, Jana Salim, Ines Reichardt, Ines Leuschner, Uta Kleinknecht i Jan Stegner. "WRRL und FFH in Sachsen – Handlungsanleitung". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-139494.

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Die Handlungsanleitung ist bei der Planung von Maßnahmen zur gemeinsamen Umsetzung von WRRL, FFH-RL und dem Biotopverbund nutzbar. Sie baut auf verfügbaren Datengrundlagen auf und ist somit allgemein anwendbar. Mit Hilfe des Handlungsleitfadens können Synergieeffekte bestehender Planungen genutzt, Zielkonflikte identifiziert und Lösungsvorschläge aufgezeigt werden. Die Anwendung am konkreten Beispielgebiet »Lossa und Nebengewässer« (siehe Teil 1 – Maßnahmenplanung; Heft 10/2014 der Schriftenreihe) weist die Übertragbarkeit der Methode auf unterschiedliche Gebiete nach.

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Chee, Li Lian. "An architecture of intimate encounters : plotting the Raffles Hotel through flora and fauna (1887-1925 ; 1987-2005)". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437322.

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Vazquez, Orozco Javier. "Capacidad de carga turística en el área de protección de flora y fauna del Nevado de Toluca". Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/59258.

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Aunque los patrones de turismo siguen dando prioridad a los destinos de sol y playa, en la actualidad existen segmentos que gustan de atractivos ajenos a los destinos con turismo masificado, tal es el caso del turismo de naturaleza, en donde las personas disfrutan el estar en áreas naturales que inclusive no están planificadas simplemente por el hecho de aprender, disfrutar o por escapar de la vida intensa de las zonas urbanas.

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