Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Farmer

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Farmer”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 25 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Farmer"

Warnaen, Andi, Nurlaili Nurlaili i Yastutik Yastutik. "Farmer to Farmer Extension Approach to increase Coffee Farmers' Food Security". AGRIEKONOMIKA 11, nr 1 (22.08.2022): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/agriekonomika.v11i1.13217.

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The purpose of this study was to determine what factors influence the food security of coffee farmers, primarily through the Farmer-to-Farmer approach (or independent extension officer) and formulate a model of food security for coffee farmer families. This approach uses a quantitative approach with survey research methods. The research was conducted in Malang Regency, East Java Province, especially in the Districts of Ampelgading, Sumbermanjing Wetan, Trirtoyudo and Dampit. This study's population was 2,622 coffee farmers with a total sample size of 96 people selected using the Propositional random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on the variant Generalized structured component analysis (GSCA). The results showed that the Family Farmers' Food Security was more dominantly influenced by independent Extension Officers' Role. Meanwhile, the role of independent extension officers is more dominantly influenced by the role of civil servant extension officers. The conclusion of this study is to increase the role of Independent Extension Workers in increasing the food security of coffee farmers. It is necessary to increase the role of independent extension officer, especially in providing consultation to farmers.

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Williams, Brenda. "Farmer, farmer". Practical Pre-School 2001, nr 29 (wrzesień 2001): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/prps.2001.1.29.40830.

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Fang, Yuan, Yahong Fan, Dehong Yu, Jing Shen, Wankun Jiang i Degui Yu. "Impact of farmers’ benefits linking stability on cloud farm platform of company to farmer model". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 9 (26.09.2020): 424–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/68/2020-agricecon.

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China has formed a new C2F (company-to-farmer) model of internet and agriculture. How to build a sustainable linkage of the C2F platform is important for promoting agricultural industrialization. Based on the cognition theory and internet thinking, we characterized the linkage mechanism and stability framework of the C2F regarding default proportion, benefits fairness and benefits gap. Using the logistic regression method, we constructed the impact effect model of benefit links stability based on the farmers’ characteristics, platform cognition and social environment. We found that in the C2F, optimizing farmers’ age structure (17.93%, impact effect), increasing farmers’ income level (16.79%), as well as improving farmers’ education level (14.33%), policy support (11.35%), platform service quantity (9.82%), market volatility (9.11%), platform transaction transparency (9.07%), farmers’ risk tolerance (7.93%), and platform technical guidance effect (3.67%) had a significant impact on reducing default proportion (28.13%) and benefits gap (36.55%), thus heightening benefits fairness (35.32%). The research suggested, we should promote the sustainability of C2F by improving the farmers’ digital ability and platform function, developing innovative linkage mechanisms between companies and farmers, strengthening government guidance, and protecting the policy environment.

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Safitri, Neni, Istiqomah Istiqomah, Neni Widyaningsih i Sodik Dwi Purnomo. "ANALISIS KEANGGOTAAN PETANI DALAM KELOMPOK TANI : STUDI KASUS KELOMPOK PEMBUDIDAYA IKAN “ULAM SARI” DESA KALIKIDANG, SOKARAJA, BANYUMAS". JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics) 13, nr 1 (31.03.2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jsep.v13i1.14821.

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Farmer groups become one of the agricultural institutions that have an important role in agricultural development. This study aims to analyze the effect of turnover, education level, length of business, and landholding on the membership of farmers in farmer groups and to analyze the variable that has the greatest effect on farmer membership. Stratified proportionate random sampling is used to select 34 farmers who join farmer group and 51 farmers who do not join farmer group. Stratification is based on landholding. The method used is logistic regression and Mann Whitney analysis using SPSS. The results show that turnover, education level, and landholding significantly influence farmer’s membership. Landholding has the biggest effect on the membership of farmers in farmer groups. Keywords: Agricultural institution, farmer group, farmer membership

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Prasetyo, Nurhudha Agung, Eny Lestari i Hanifah Ihsaniyati. "PARTISIPASI PETANI DALAM KEGIATAN PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI SAYURAN DAN TANAMAN OBAT MELALUI KAWASAN ANEKA CABAI DI KECAMATAN KISMANTORO KABUPATEN WONOGIRI". AGRITEXTS: Journal of Agricultural Extension 44, nr 1 (30.05.2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/agritexts.v44i1.41879.

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<p>The aims of this research are to know the farmers’ internal factors related to farmer participation in activities to increase vegetable production and medicinal plants through various chili areas, analyze the level of farmer participation in activities to increase vegetable production and medicinal plants through various chili areas, and analyzing the relationship of farmers’ internal factors with the level of farmer participation in activities to increase vegetable production and medicinal plants through various chili areas. This research uses quantitative methods with survey techniques. The research location was determined intentionally, namely Kismantoro Subdistrict, with the consideration that the sub-district was the district with the largest land area and production yield in Wonogiri Regency. The research population this time is farmers who are members of farmer groups that receive activities namely 197 farmers. The sampling method was carried out proportionally random sampling, with a sample size of 60 farmers. To test the relationship, rank spearman analysis was used with SPSS version 20. The results showed that the majority of farmers were of productive age, the most formal farmers were elementary school graduates, farmers in the low category, the largest farmer area was 0.51-0, 75 ha, the level of farmer risk taking in the high category, the activeness of farmer membership in the medium category. The level of farmer participation at the planning stage and at the implementation stage is classified as a moderate category, while the level of farmer participation at the utilization stage of the results is classified as high. The internal factors of the farmer who have a significant relationship with the level of farmer participation are age, non-formal education, risk-taking level and liveliness of farmer membership, while the farmers’ internal factors that have no relation to farmer participation level are formal education and land tenure.</p>

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Rico, R. Darma, D. Salman i Mahyuddin. "The effect of farmer’s characteristics to arabica coffee farmer’s performances". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1192, nr 1 (1.06.2023): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1192/1/012008.

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Abstract Characteristics of farmers show the performance of farmers in running better and more sustainable farming. This study aims to analyze farmer characteristics’ effect on Arabica coffee farmers’ performance in North Toraja Regency. This study used a survey method with a quantitative descriptive approach. This research was conducted in North Toraja Regency on March 2022. The effect of farmer characteristics on farmer performance was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. Investigating the impact of farmer characteristics on farmer performance, it was found that farmer characteristics (gender, age, education, farming experience, family responsibilities, and income) had a positive influence on farmer performance.

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Rokhani, Rokhani, Diana Fauziyah, Agus Supriono, Yuli Hariyati, Sugeng Raharto, Triana Dewi Hapsari, Ad Hariyanto Adi, Ahmad Fatikhul Khasan i Mohammad Rondhi. "Factors Affecting the Participation of Sugarcane and Tobacco Farmers in Farmer Groups, Associations and Cooperatives in Indonesia". Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 36, nr 2 (31.08.2021): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v36i2.46817.

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<p>The revitalization of farmer organizations has become the central paradigm in agricultural development. In Indonesia, increasing farmer participation in farmer groups, associations and cooperatives is the strategy to revitalize farmer organizations. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing farmers' participation in farmer groups, associations and cooperatives. This study employed data from the Sugarcane and Tobacco Plantation Farm Household Survey in 2014, consisting of 8,831 (70.73%) sugarcane farmers and 3,645 (29.27%) tobacco farmers. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors contributing to farmers' participation in each organization. The results showed that harvest area, access to extension and contract farming positively affect farmers’ participation in organizations. Farmers' age and education positively affect their participation in associations and cooperatives but do not significantly affect their group participation. Land tenure has an ununiform effect on farmer participation in each organization. Tenant farmers are less likely to participate in farmer groups and cooperatives, but they tend to participate in associations. Meanwhile, the owner farmers are less likely to join cooperatives. Government support positively influences farmer group participation, shows a negative effect on participation in associations and has a non-significant effect on participation in cooperatives. Finally, farmers' wealth gives a positive effect on their participation in cooperatives, a negative effect on their participation in associations and a non-significant effect on farmer groups. These results depict that farmer groups are more inclusive than cooperatives and associations.</p>

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Mustikaningrum, Dhina. "Strengthening Farmer Organization for Smallholder Farmers". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1131, nr 1 (1.01.2023): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1131/1/012001.

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Abstract One of Smallholder farmers face various obstacles in developing their farming business including access to capital one of the efforts to answer the challenge is to strengthen farmer organizations. In Tuban, there is a HIPPA or Water User Farmers Association that is able to provide capital for farmers and contribute to Village Income. This study aims to analyze strategies to strengthen HIPPA Sekar Padi in Bandungrejo Village to increase capital loans for farmer and village income. The method used in this study is SWOT analysis based on the results of processing organizational documents and in-depth interviews with HIPPA administrators and farmers. The main strategy to strengthen HIPPA to contribute to village income and provide capital for farmers is reduce fuel and electricity consumption and ensure that the Tuban Regency Government accelerates the construction of flood prevention infrastructure. Through changing the electricity tariff class from business to industry, HIPPA can contribute 35-45 million rupiah to village income in dry season and more than 100 million rupiah to increase capital for famers. In the rainy season, HIPPA relies heavily on government policies to control floods. By increasing capital for farmers, it is hoped that it can help farmer access production facilities. By additional village income, the village government can build basic infrastructure and increasing social funds, so that the welfare of the smallholder farmers as part of SDG’s indicator can be improved.

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Khoriri, Syaifurrizal, Sri Subekti i Titin Agustina. "PEMBERDAYAAN PETANI DALAM MENERAPKAN PROGRAM SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) BERBASIS KEGIATAN KELOMPOK". AGRITEXTS: Journal of Agricultural Extension 42, nr 1 (27.07.2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/agritexts.v42i1.43312.

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System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is one of the agricultural technology obtained from the extension program in improving the ability of farmers' cropping pattern on their farming. The purpose of this research is (1) to identify the empowerment of the SRI farmers and (2)to identify farmer group strategies in empowering farmers through the SRI program. The method used descriptive qualitative. The research area was done intentionally in barokah farmer group Rowotengah Village Sumberbaru District Jember Regency. The key informant were usingleader of farmer group with Agricultural Extension Farmer and the secondary informant were member of farmer group. The data was collected by using interviews, observation and documentation. The result of the research concluded that: (1) the ability of farmers in implementing SRI’s program conducted by (a) farmer of SRI program were based on farmers' choice due to production facilities support, see the success of the initial farmer, self-test results and the opportunities of barokah farmer group as the program recepient because of the potential land, irigation and the dynamics of farmers group, (b) farmers' ability to access farming needs in increasing production by transplanting of young seedling, transplanting of single seedling, wide plant spacing and compost application, (c) farmers' ability to complain in the case of snail attack and the rapid growth of grass, (d) farmers' ability to reach SRI's planting technology through farmer group functions, (e) improvement of farmer resource capability, and (f) farmers' ability to optimize the production facilities in increasing crop production and income. (2) The group's strategy of empowering farmers is done by a) motivating of rice planter by doubling wages, b) giving of materials and training on the land, c) group management on program planning, implementation and evaluation, d) mobilizing farmers to use hybrid seed, and e) improvement of farming using SRI planting equipment.

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Yusuf, Muhamad, Dety Sukmawati i Euis Dasipah. "Keberhasilan Usahatani Kopi (Coffea arabica) Melalui Dinamika Kelompok Dan Manajerial Petani". Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 8, nr 2 (30.09.2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v8i2.201.

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Coffee was one of the important plantation commodities in the national economy. This can be seen from the role of the coffee plantation sector in providing employment plants, providing the State's foreign exchange through exports. One of the goals of coffee farmers in managing their farming was to make a profit. In achieving this goal, farmers face several obstacles. By joining farmers in a farmer group forum can help explore the potential, solve the farming problems of its members, thus farmer groups have a strategic position in realizing quality farmers. The research was conducted in Sukasari Subdistrict, Sumedang Regency with the unit (subject) of analysis being 70 farmers who cultivated coffee in the harvest season from January to March 2020 Hypothesis testing. path. There was a positive relationship between the dynamics of farmer groups and farmer management. This was evidenced by the correlation value between the dynamics of farmer groups (X1) and managerial farmers (X2) which reached 84.1%. The better the group dynamics, the better the farmer's managerial, which consists of technical skills and business / skills aspects. The dynamics of farmer groups and farmer managerial influences positively on the success of coffee farming. the higher the value of farmer group dynamics (X1) and farmer managerial (X2), the effect on the increase in farming (Y).

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Farmer"

Kaberia, Bonface Kangentu. "Comparative study of roles of knowledge repositories in farmer-to-farmer knowledge exchange among smallholder dairy goat farmers in Kenya". Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494807.

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This study looks at the ongoing exchange of information among dairy goat keeping communities in Kenya. Its aim is to understand the mechanism of communications between farmers and to consider how this mechanism could be used to scale up development initiatives in order to create maximum impact among poor farmers. The field study was carried out in Meru Central and South districts in Kenya between September 2005-August 2006. Based on the research questions, it employed a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods (for purpose of triangulation) using Focus Group Discussions (n=16), structured questionnaire interviews (n=144) and Repertory Grid interviews (n=124) to obtain data on information exchange processes among rural dairy goat farmers. The study provides and tests a conceptual and methodological framework for eliciting and studying features of the ongoing information exchange. A similar framework can also be used in evaluating the effectiveness of farmer-to-farmer extension communications in rural development.

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Keeler, Rebecca L., Aaron Wachhaus, Bob Cunningham, Tom Barth, Richard Huff i Michael Howell-Maroney. "David Farmer: Methodologist?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/651.

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Sorensen, Emily Allyson. "Modeling Whole Farm Systems to Enhance Beginning Small Farmer Success in Southwest Virginia". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72282.

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The number of very small farms (<10 acres) is increasing and beginning farmers (in practice for <10 years) are more likely to run them. Very small farms are typically complex systems in which the farmer manages both production of a diverse array of crops and marketing of crops directly to consumers and their failure rate in early years is high. This work seeks to increase the likelihood of success for beginning farmers by understanding these complex systems better. We collected qualitative and quantitative data from interviews with three successful beginning farm operations in Southwest Virginia covering practical and philosophical aspects of farm production, sales and management. We mapped social, environmental and economic aspects of farming systems and studied how farmers use resources (Community Capitals) and management to enhance their system's success, developing a broader definition of success that encompasses what farmers gain from farming beyond profitability. Using these maps, we created a system dynamics model of a small farm system in STELLA including unique components such as customer attraction and retention. Through model development, we learned that these successful farmers began their operations with experience and financial resources, and employed their skills, resourcefulness and cultural and social capital to charge prices for their products that could sustain their operations financially. Using our model, current and aspiring farmers, service providers, and small farm advocates will be able to simulate real or hypothetical farm systems to better understand what establishing a successful small farm might require and how to confront potential challenges.
Master of Science

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Hudson, Michael David. "Farmer survivability in Virginia". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80049.

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A study focusing on farm financial stress in Virginia was conducted to provide information to educators. The financial situation of Virginia farmers during the 1980's was reviewed. The years 1983, 1984, and 1985 were determined to be the time during the 1980s when farmers' financial situations were most severely stressed. Attention was directed towards corn, soybean, and wheat farmers since this group was readily identifiable as being financially stressed. Fifteen personal interviews of farmers were conducted in seven counties where the majority of these crops are grown. For comparison purposes, part of the interviews were conducted with individuals who are still farming and part with individuals who were forced to exit farming due to financial adversity. Comparing the information gathered from farmers in a favorable financial condition with the information gathered from those farmers in a vulnerable financial condition, some factors that helped farmers survive the agricultural depression of the 1980’s were discovered. Farmers in favorable financial condition are superior managers, operate timely businesses, borrow and spend conservatively, are more educated, have more years of farming experience, and use better financial and production recordkeeping practices. Access to marketing information is also important for farmer survivability. Producers in favorable financial condition own larger percentages of their operated land, and they utilize more family labor.
Master of Science

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Daniels, Nelson T. "An evaluation of the small farmer outreach training and technical assistance program for farmers of color in Texas". Diss., Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4438.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the small farmer outreach training and technical assistance programs as related to farmers of color. The items to be evaluated included financial considerations, educational effectiveness, access and acquisition of farm loans, participation in Extension sponsored events and involvement in community activities. The sample population for this study was small scale agricultural producers representing two ethnic groups, African Americans and Hispanics, located in Cameron, Hidalgo, Starr and Willacy counties and enrolled in the Small Farmer Outreach Training and Technical Assistance Program (N=68) between October 1, 2001, and September 30, 2004. Descriptive statistics were used for reporting personal characteristics of the participants, as well as to determine knowledge gained and effectiveness of the Small Farmer Outreach Training and Technical Assistance Program. Statistical Package for the Social SciencesÃÂ® (SPSS) was used to calculate frequencies, percentages and variability of the variables. The major findings of the study were as follows: 1. The Small Farmer Outreach Training and Technical Assistance Program is an effective educational program in teaching farm management techniques and assisting with the acquisition of financial resources. 2. Farm size was relatively small with over half of the farms being fewer than 50 acres. 3. The ethnic identity of participants was more likely to be Hispanic than African American. 4. Total household income for a majority of the participants was less than $50,000. 5. The majority of the participants were part-time farmers. 6. The majority of the participants had a farm plan. 7. A majority of the participants had at least a high school education. 8. Program participants were likely to be approved for a loan through the United States Department of Agriculture.

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Smith, Stephanie Mary. "Virginia Farmer Retirement and Transition Planning". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32500.

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This study focuses on determining how Virginia farmers are planning for farm retirement and succession and whether they will be financially prepared for their retirement years. The Virginia farming population is aging, life expectancy is increasing, and Social Security benefits are not a stable source of retirement income presenting challenges for Virginia farmers who are planning to either retire from the family farm or transition it to the next generation. In this study a 59-item survey was sent to 2000 randomly selected Farm Credit agricultural customers. Results from the survey were analyzed using chi-square tests and correlations to determine statistically significant relationships between the variables. The analysis indicates that Virginia farmers planning to retire from the farm face high levels of debt and plan to sell the farm operation. Virginia farmers planning to transition the farm are generating higher profits from the farm operation and their successor has been identified. The majority of Virginia farmers are financially prepared for retirement with Social Security support; however, without supplemental income from Social Security the majority of the Virginia farming population is not financially prepared for retirement. The results indicate necessary action from the private, academic, and public sectors. Financial professionals should offer retirement planning seminars, academia should continue to research the issues, and the government should consider developing a savings plans specifically for the agricultural community that offer tax advantages.
Master of Science

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Mambo, Isaac Moya Cosby. "Supporting agricultural innovation : an analysis of farmer-to-farmer extension in Mbawa and Kaluluma extension planning areas, Malawi". Thesis, University of Reading, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629093.

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Using the agricultural innovation systems (AIS) framework, this study analysed farmer-to-farmer (F-2-F) extension to understand how it is supporting and contributing to agricultural innovation, i.e., the generation, dissemination, and utilisation of innovations, among smallholder farmers in Mbawa and Kaluluma Extension Planning Areas, Malawi. The study investigated the extent and how farmer extensionists (FEs) are supporting and contributing to agricultural innovation; identified FEs' work performance assessment criteria; assessed effectiveness of FEs in reaching different groups of farmers; and the impact of F -2-F extension on smallholder farmers' livelihoods. Data were collected using questionnaire surveys from 774 and 179 randomly sampled farmers and FEs, respectively. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews, document analysis, and innovation histories were also used. Empirical findings show that FEs were largely supporting and contributing to dissemination of externally generated innovations; and generation and dissemination of locally generated innovations was limited. Using principal components analysis (PCA) to delineate better-off and poor farmers, findings show that, through group contact method, FEs were mostly working with wealthier follower farmers. Further analysis showed that, through individual contact method, FEs were accessible to all farmers regardless of their wealth, household headship, sex, and education status as they were able to consult FEs at their convenient time. Findings suggest that provision of non-monetary incentives to FEs, and addressing the constraints that FEs face in the course of their work can be key in incentivising FEs work. FEs were wealthier farmers than fellow farmers and largely selected by the community. Also, the present evidence suggest that F-2-F extension has contributed to improving smallholder farmers ' livelihoods by enhancing human, physical, financial, and social capital. The findings of this study offer guidance on the design and implementation of F-2-F extension approaches in Malawi and other developing country contexts. Lastly, the current findings point to the need for a government policy to harmonise the implementation modalities of F-2-F extension in Malawi.

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Mbwika, James M. "Kenya smallholder farmer education and farm productivity". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29578.

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This research was undertaken to study the effect of education on small farm revenues and profits in Kenya. Schooling (defined as the number of school standards completed by the farm operator) was used as the most important source of education. It was hypothesized that schooling has a positive effect on farm revenues and profits. The effect of other sources of information viz; extension contact, demonstration attendance and baraza attendance on farm revenues and profits were also investigated. The research was done using regression analysis where these variables and other farm activity relevant variables were fitted in regression equations. The choice of these variables were based on economic theory, Kenya small farm characteristics and the objective of the study. Several factors would qualify as supporting evidence for the argument that educated farmers are more productive. We expect educated farmers to be more informed in terms of use of new production technologies. Education as a source of human capital also enhances the productive abilities of human beings and also enables those who have invested in education to use their resources more efficiently as well as adjusting to new "ways of producing more efficiently". In the current study we find that schooling of the farm operator is positively related to level of expenditure on farm purchased variable inputs. This indicates that education enhances adoption of new technologies and innovativeness. Further it was shown that farmers with more education earned more value added per acre from their farm business compared to their less educated counterparts. On the overall farm activity, farmers with eight or more standards of schooling earned upto 80.2% in value added per acre compared to those who had no schooling. The regression estimates were done on a stepwise procedure where farm specific enterprises were estimated separately and then aggregated and estimated as one farm sector. Thus a crop equation, a livestock equation and a total farm output equation were estimated. This model was then developed into a variable profit function. A simple linear function procedure was used in the regression analysis. In all the estimated value added equations the schooling coefficient was positive and significant at 5% level two tail t-test. As we move from farm specific activities to a farm aggregate output model and lastly to value added model the schooling coefficient increased in size confirming the positive role of education in allocative effect. These results show that schooling plays an important role in allocation of other purchased inputs and also choice of crop mix and input selection. The estimated marginal return to schooling of farm operator in the profit function was Kshs.281. In an earlier function where schooling of the farm operator was fitted into a total farm income equation the estimated marginal return to schooling was Kshs.778.89. When schooling of the farm operator is allowed to interact with extension service the estimated interaction variable coefficient is negative showing the two act as substitute sources of knowledge, and the schooling coefficient increased in size showing that those who had both schooling and extension service earned comparatively more farm revenues. The role of other educative factors like extension service, demonstration attendance, and baraza attendance in influencing agricultural production was investigated. Regression results showed that extension contact had a negative and significant effect on farm revenues and profits. Demonstration and baraza attendance had similar effects on farm revenues and profits. In the value added function hired labour variable was fitted as the cost of hired labour per day. The estimated coefficient for this variable was positive and significant at 5%. The estimated coefficient for this variable shows hired labour is not optimally used, and farmers can increase their farm profits by hiring more labour. When this variable was fitted as the wage rate paid to hired labour per day the estimated coefficient was positive and significant. These results indicate that cost of hired labour depends on its quality. In the sales function hired labour was specified as mandays of hired labour per year and the estimated coefficient which reflects the shadow price of labour was higher than average hired labour wage rate implying that this factor is underemployed. In the sales function the estimated coefficient for the value of purchased inputs variable indicates that there is an element of underutilization of these inputs. This variable is fitted in value terms and in profit maximizing conditions the estimated coefficient is expected to be no different from unit. However, the estimated coefficient for this variable is approximately 2.5 showing a shilling spent on purchased inputs will bring forth 2.5 shillings. Thus an increase in the use of purchased inputs will increase farm revenues. Results show evidence of regional differences in farmer productivity and utilization of purchased inputs in favour of Central province. The study is based on the 1982 CBS-IDS-World Bank Household Survey of Rural Kenya data set.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate

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Furtado, de Souza Jose Ribamar. "Farmer participation in Brazilian sugar cane research". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2815/.

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This research is concerned with the contribution which farmer participation, as a complementary approach to agricultural research in Brazil, can make to the Improvement of disadvantaged farmers socioeconomic conditions through the solution of their technological problems. This notion is embodied in the concepts of Farming Systems Research and Farmer Participatory Research, which provide the broad theoretical framework within which this investigation was developed. The context in which the research was carried out was Brazilian sugar cane growing regions, with a specific focus on the practice of farmer participation within the Three Year' Plan for Diffusion of Technology for Sugar Cane Agro-industry's Resource-poor Farmers (Plano Trienal). Material for this investigation derives from two sources: direct involvement since the pilot project original phase of the Plano Trienal over a period of six years and a period of fieldwork undertaken in 1988. During the latter, data were collected by means of questionnaires, interviews, participant observation and Informal discussions in the States of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Pernambuco, Paraiba and Rio Grande do Norte. The dynamics of sugar cane agriculture is analysed within the overall sugar cane agro-industry as a particular sector of Brazilian agriculture. The concepts of Farming Systems Research and Farming Participatory Research are then set within this general frame of reference. Subsequently, the policies advocated by research and extension services is situated within the wider context of the Brazilian sugar cane agro-industry. Specific attention is then given to the failure of 'conservative modernisation' policies adopted by those services. Within this broad framework the formation and development of the Plano Trienal is described and analysed. The performance of the Plan's selected projects is then investigated through a comparative study, with particular attention given to the types of approaches employed, both, participatory and persuasive. In this perspective, combined statistical and qualitative methods are employed, based on variables (such as technology, approach, farm, farmer and technician) with specific reference to four economic indicators: productivity, assets, adoption and technological problems. Finally, the role of Farmer Participation is critically analysed referring to Farmer Participatory Research as a crucial component of the agricultural research process. The research findings point to the central importance of farmer's indigenous knowledge and scientific knowledge based upon 'mutual respect', and grounded in experience, for the processes of participatory research. In these processes, the relationship established between farmer and technician was found to be a fundamental aspect of research practice in which great weight is placed upon the farmer's role not as an object but as the 'subject' of agricultural research. This research demonstrates that the projects which embraced this approach achieved a higher level of technology adoption, a greater number of technological solutions and a greater increase in productivity and farmers' assets. The main policy implication of the thesis is that farmer participation, as a complementary approach to agricultural research methods, can contribute significantly to modifying the socio-economic situation of disadvantaged farmers.

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Jayappa, Vinay. "Economic perspective of farmers indebtedness in suicidal prone area - Punjab, India". Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4157.

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Książki na temat "Farmer"

Master farmer: Teaching small farmers management. Boulder: Westview Press, 1986.

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Farmer. New York, NY: AV2 by Weigl, 2015.

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Imershein, Betsy. Farmer. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: J. Messner, 1990.

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Jim, Harrison. Farmer. New York, N.Y: Dell Pub., 1989.

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Jim, Harrison. Farmer. London: Flamingo, 1993.

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Luo, Xianyue. Farmers' art: Paintings by Zhejiang farmer artists. Paramus, New Jersey: Homa & Sekey Books, 2014.

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Peace Corps (U.S.), red. Peace Corps Farmer to Farmer Program. [Washington, D.C: Peace Corps, 1988.

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Peace Corps (U.S.), red. Peace Corps Farmer to Farmer Program. [Washington, D.C: Peace Corps, 1988.

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Peace Corps (U.S.), red. Peace Corps Farmer to Farmer Program. [Washington, D.C: Peace Corps, 1988.

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L, Rotan Beverly, i United States. Agricultural Cooperative Service., red. Farmer cooperatives: Cash grain farmers, members, and use. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Cooperative Service, 1991.

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Części książek na temat "Farmer"

Nasielski, Joshua, Sharada Srinivasan, Travis Jansen i A. Haroon Akram-Lodhi. "“Passion Alone Is Not Sufficient”: What Do We Know About Young Farmers in Canada?" W Becoming A Young Farmer, 23–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15233-7_2.

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AbstractIn 2016, Canada’s 271,935 farm operators represented less than 0.8 per cent of the Canadian population (Statistics Canada 2017a). This reflects a loss of close to 120,000 farmers over the past 25 years as Canadian livelihoods continue to shift away from agriculture (about 1.4 per cent of the population farmed in 1991). Considering that less than 10 per cent of Canadian farmers are under the age of 35, it is hard to imagine these numbers rebounding anytime in the near future (Statistics Canada 2017a). Clearly, Canadian farming faces a generational challenge (Qualman et al. 2018). However, despite these generational challenges, there has been little research that focuses specifically on young farmers in Canada and their experiences in becoming “successful” farmers. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the information available on Canadian young farmers. This overview references existing research from scholarly literature and government statistics. This is done to offer an understanding of the context within which Canada’s young farmers are embedded. A young person’s desire to farm is partly shaped by but also shapes their experiences in becoming and being a young farmer. This overview helps inform the discussion in the next two chapters that are based upon interviews with young farmers in our two case study provinces: Ontario and Manitoba.

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Prifti, Viola. "Farmer". W Dictionary of Statuses within EU Law, 265–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00554-2_34.

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Adler, Dan. "Geoffrey Farmer". W Contemporary Sculpture and the Critique of Display Cultures, 74–95. New York : Routledge, 2019. | Series: [Routledge focus on art history and visual studies]: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351049184-4.

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Catling, David. "The Farmer". W Rice in Deep Water, 101–3. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12309-4_10.

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Nuthall, Peter L. "Wrong again." W Farm business management: the decisive farmer, 49–61. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620124.0005.

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Abstract This chapter narrates the details of a farmer meeting. Prior to the first meeting of the farmers in one of the discussion/improvement groups, Ben, who had offered to be the farmer host for this first meeting, took time to update all the information on his farm providing the full background for the farmers so they would better understand any problems Ben might have, or could experience in the future. The report included a full budget which listed both the physical plans and their financial consequences, and also what is often referred to as a 'property report' describing the physical details of the farm. Ben also prepared a 'management report' listing how all the resources, including the stock, were managed. A management report is a description of all the management systems a farmer uses and follows. For example, what system does the farmer follow for, say, growing a crop of wheat? What cultivation? What seeding rate (and cultivar)? What fertilizers and rates? What disease prevention? What irrigation rates and systems? What harvesting and marketing systems? And for, say, a ewe flock, what breed? What replacement system? What disease control? What feeding system and quantities? What lambing system? What lamb and wool marketing, what drenching systems? What weaning system and age? And so on for all parts of the farm.

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Nuthall, Peter L. "Not perfect." W Farm business management: the decisive farmer, 62–72. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620124.0006.

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Abstract This chapter narrates the next meeting held by the farmers. In this case the whole question of accurate budgeting was traversed. Farmers should make sure you are a realistic budgeter of farm systems and possible actions. Accurate forecasts are the basis of good decision-making. As all farmers largely operate in an uncertain world it is not possible to be accurate at all times, but you can at least look at the possible highs and lows together with their chances of occurring, i.e. the probabilities. All this means a farmer should constantly budget, and even work with consultants and extension people, practising the skills to be a good budgeter.

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Nuthall, Peter L. "Past and future." W Farm business management: the decisive farmer, 1–10. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620124.0001.

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Abstract This chapter discusses how regular farm walks and inspections are critical to efficient management as one farmer, Ben, clearly recognizes. One needs to know the current state of affairs to enable making the decisions appropriate for the current situation. Both farm walks and reviewing the outside world for situations that influence decisions (e.g. world markets, government/local body rules and regulations) require keen observation skills. Through being part of a group of farmers who meet to review decisions and accordingly help each other, with the support of professionals, Ben learnt a lot about the many principles of making good decisions. With practice these principles became part of his inherent thinking. This led to improved decision intuition. The core of the lessons learnt by the farmers, as concluded by the farmers, is listed in this chapter.

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Chikowo, Regis, Rowland Chirwa i Sieglinde Snapp. "Cereal-legume cropping systems for enhanced productivity, food security, and resilience." W Sustainable agricultural intensification: a handbook for practitioners in East and Southern Africa, 33–47. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800621602.0003.

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Abstract This chapter presents four approaches to the integration of legumes (such as soyabean, groundnut, and cowpea) in maize-dominated systems, through intercropping, efficient spatial arrangements, and legume-cereal sequences: (i) grain legume-maize rotations for increased yield stability on smallholder farms, (ii) 'doubled-up' legume technology for soil fertility maintenance and human nutrition, (iii) innovative maize-common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) intercropping and fertilizer application for improved productivity, (iv) targeted cropping sequences (rotations adapted to farm size limitations and farmer goals) and associated elements for sustainable intensification on small farms. The first three technologies are based specifically on legumes that smallholder farmers can introduce to increase the productivity of their farms. The fourth demonstrates how different legume-based technologies can be integrated on farms with different resources, allowing farmers to diversify and intensify their production in a sustainable manner.

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Whay, Helen R., Siobhan Mullan i David C. Main. "Improving animal care and welfare: practical approaches for achieving change." W Improving animal welfare: a practical approach, 314–36. Wyd. 3. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245219.0314.

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Abstract This chapter addresses the implementation of knowledge to improve animal care and welfare. Topics include the use of animal-based measurements to motivate farmers to reduce lameness and other welfare problems; how to use social marketing methods and innovation methods to promote improvements on the farm; how to use participatory tools such as a seasonal lameness calendar, priority matrix and lameness transect walk; the organization of farmer groups where different farms are visited to share ideas and the effective use of enforcement approaches by either retailers or legislation.

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Nuthall, Peter L. "Families at war." W Farm business management: the decisive farmer, 129–39. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620124.0012.

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Abstract This chapter discusses each of the farmers approaches to certain types of conflict. Tom was interested in exploring farm ownership systems and comparing them for their benefits and drawbacks. Gareth is interested, as should every farmer be, in organizing a succession system for his farm and family. One problem is the difficulty of getting agreement among all members of a family. Phil also suggests that any succession plan should have built in flexibility as no one, including the most experienced commentator, can foretell the future and people's changing wants and requirements.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Farmer"

Takizawa, Nao, Takuya Washio, Masamoto Fukawa, Kenichi Takeda, Hiroyuki Ito, Miki Saijo i Takumi Ohashi. "Human-Centered Design of Cattle Behavior Monitoring System for Grazing in Abandoned Farmland". W 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001650.

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The livestock industry faces a shortage of workers due to aging populations and falling numbers of young farmers. Researchers have collected and analyzed big data, and attempted to use it to improve livestock farming practices and reduce labor costs. We developed a cattle behavior monitoring system, PETER, using edge-AI and low-power wide-area (LPWA) technologies. PETER enables us to detect behaviors of grazing cattle (e.g., foraging, ruminating, walking, resting). Conversely, in the development of conventional livestock breeding support systems, user requirements are defined in a top-down manner. Few R&Dprojects feature user-centered design (UCD) or consider interactions between actors (e.g., farmers, livestock, technologies). This study aimed to apply UCD to the raising of grazing livestock, and to develop a prototype system offering farmers more precise and less labor-intensive livestock management.Our study started with fieldwork at a small grazing farm in Japan, located on abandoned farmland about 700 km from Tokyo. Two Japanese Black breeding cows are being raised and managed by a farmer and the farm owner. The farmer is employed part-time. The owner lives in Tokyo, is a veterinarian, and decides how to manage the cows. The information used by the owner to make decisions, such as nutritional deficiencies, or signs of disease or estrus, is provided only by the farmer. We investigated how remotely located veterinarians or owners could notice abnormalities in cattle and decide how to treat them, without waiting to consult the local farmer. Our UCD comprised three rounds: sketches; mock-ups; and finally functional prototypes to test and validate our ideas and hypotheses on users. We developed a web-based app as a functional user-interface prototype of PETER, showing the cows’ behavior history, the farm calendar, and the estimated amount of pasture grass. This information alone is insufficient for the farmer’s or owner’s understanding and decision-making. Therefore, the app can notify the chat communication service originally used by the farmer and owner whenever PETER detects possibly abnormal behavior in cattle, such as a reduced daily foraging or ruminating or walking duration, or an increase in resting duration. This is to attract their attention whenever PETER detects something unusual about the cattle. The farmer can then provide supplementary practical information on the spot, and the remote owner can make decisions and give instructions on the spot. During the four-week user test with the functional prototype, 10 notifications were made to the chat service, eight of which were supplemented with further information, such as farmers sending photos, and six of which confirmed the owner’s instructions and advice to the farmer. Some of the responses were confirmed, such as the owner calling a local veterinarian when a cow had diarrhea.This study shows that when the cattle behavior monitoring system detects any unusual information in pasture-raised livestock, it notifies the communication tool used by the owners, enabling them to take action before the matter becomes serious, even if they are remotely located. This study also indicates that the UCD approach is effective in the raising of pasture livestock.

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Runcan, Remus. "TURNING FARMERS INTO SOCIAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURS FOR DISADVANTAGED PEOPLE". W NORDSCI International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2020/b1/v3/31.

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According to Romania’s National Rural Development Programme, the socio-economic situation of the rural environment has a large number of weaknesses – among which low access to financial resources for small entrepreneurs and new business initiatives in rural areas and poorly developed entrepreneurial culture, characterized by a lack of basic managerial knowledge – but also a large number of opportunities – among which access of the rural population to lifelong learning and entrepreneurial skills development programmes and entrepreneurs’ access to financial instruments. The population in rural areas depends mainly on agricultural activities which give them subsistence living conditions. The gap between rural and urban areas is due to low income levels and employment rates, hence the need to obtain additional income for the population employed in subsistence and semi-subsistence farming, especially in the context of the depopulation trend. At the same time, the need to stimulate entrepreneurship in rural areas is high and is at a resonance with the need to increase the potential of rural communities from the perspective of landscape, culture, traditional activities and local resources. A solution could be to turn vegetal and / or animal farms into social farms – farms on which people with disabilities (but also adolescents and young people with anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicide, and alexithymia issues) might find a “foster” family, bed and meals in a natural, healthy environment, and share the farm’s activities with the farmer and the farmer’s family: “committing to a regular day / days and times for a mutually agreed period involves complying with any required health and safety practices (including use of protective clothing and equipment), engaging socially with the farm family members and other people working on and around the farm, and taking on tasks which would include working on the land, taking care of animals, or helping out with maintenance and other physical work”

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Cong, Gao, Anthony K. H. Tung, Xin Xu, Feng Pan i Jiong Yang. "FARMER". W the 2004 ACM SIGMOD international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1007568.1007587.

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Xia, Peng, Dan Feng, Hong Jiang, Lei Tian i Fang Wang. "FARMER". W the 17th international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1383422.1383445.

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Bhosle, Anita B., i Swati Nadkarni. "Voice Enabled Information Desk: Farmer to E-Farmer". W 2018 Fourth International Conference on Computing Communication Control and Automation (ICCUBEA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccubea.2018.8697478.

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Magfiroh, Illia Seldon, Ahmad Zainuddin, Rudi Wibowo, Intan Kartika Setyawati i Rena Yunita Rahman. "Farmer response to the implementation of farmer card". W THE 5th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURE AND LIFE SCIENCE 2021 (ICALS 2021): “Accelerating Transformation in Industrial Agriculture Through Sciences Implementation”. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0124185.

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Sugeng Desyanty, Ellyn, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain i Nurhadi Nurhadi. "Empowering Farmers in Improving Farmer Business Performance: Study at the lMugi Rahayur Farmer Group in Ponorogo Regency Indonesia". W 3rd International Conference on Educational Management and Administration (CoEMA 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/coema-18.2018.49.

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Hajad, Makbul, Eko Yulfiarno, Muhammad Haykal Fikri i Nur Raudhatil Jannah. "Introduction of Multifunction Weeding Tools to Increase the Efficiency of Rice Weeding Activity on Sloping Land to Farmer Group Tani Sejahtera, Rojomo Village, Wonosobo District, Central Java". W 3rd International Conference on Community Engagement and Education for Sustainable Development. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.151.29.

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Wonosobo Regency is dominated by slopes where 80% of the land is careened for more than 20 degrees. In this condition, it is challenging to find a workforce for farming activity, resulting in a high cost for any agricultural activities—one of the activities that need much labor is the weeding activity. The introduction of appropriate technology is required to support agriculture’s sustainability which will efficiently reduce the production cost. This paper proposed an empowerment activity model for farmers in the slope area, which targeted two main goals: introducing the multifunction weeding tools to increase the rice weeding activity’s efficiency and increasing the farmer group competency in the operational management of the agricultural machinery. The empowerment activity was incorporated with a farmer group called Tani Sejahtera in Rojoimo village, Wonosobo. This group has become a model for other farmer groups owning several agricultural machineries and a workshop to develop appropriate technology in their farming. The empowerment was done through (1) the accompaniment in the appropriate weeding tool’s development from design to evaluation and (2) training for the farming group on the agricultural machinery’s operational management. These empowerment activities affected the farmer group’s independency accretion towards the appropriate technology development that is needed for the farming activities where the cost can be reduced, along with the farmer group's comprehension of agricultural machinery operational management is increased. This empowerment activity can be a model to escalate farmers’ independence in sloping land regarding the development and operational management of the appropriate agricultural tools and machinery.

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V. G, Kaviya, i Gini R. "E-Commerce Application for Farm Fresh Trading". W The International Conference on scientific innovations in Science, Technology, and Management. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59544/raqq9272/ngcesi23p56.

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For several years, farmers in India have had little liberty in choosing markets and purchasers for their produce. All states in the country, except three, degree that marketing and selling of farm produce must be directed through state-owned mandis, retail markets where mediators (middlemen) crush farmers to increase margins. According to research, mediators have become dominating buyers of the agricultural market, resulting them to take control over the plight of the farmers and gulping all the profits. The farmers work day and night expecting a good yield. They use a lot of financial resources lending money and buying fertilizers, seeds etc. So, they have the right to enjoy every rupee gained on their corp. In this context, we propose a system which brings farmers close to the retailers cutting the middlemen. Our system consists of a mobile or web application which will serve as a platform for farmer the growers and retailers or customers to sell and buy their farm products. This system aims at giving a profitable price to farmers to their farm products cutting the middlemen. This allows the retailers or the customers to buy products from the farmers at a lower than the normal price. Farmer uploads their product with details and buyers view these details and book that product with in a time. The bidding system is suitable for bulk buyers who would like to bargain for a certain product. They will be able to bid on a product as well as view other bids. This will help them get products at a better price. The consumer can give a rating and review only after having purchased a particular product. K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) is proposed to recommendation system based on common product ratings, and make predictions using the average rating of top-k nearest neighbours. These are visible on each item’s page along with the average of the item’s average rating. K-Means is used to overcome sparsity problems and to form user clusters to reduce the amount of data that needs to be processed.

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Santoso, Halim Budi, Rosa Delima i Wahyuni. "Webuse Usability Testing for Farmer and Farmer Group Data Collection System". W 2018 Third International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iac.2018.8780465.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Farmer"

Tsafack, Sygnola A. M., Ann Degrande, Steven Franzel i Brent Simpson. Farmer-to-farmer extension: a survey of lead farmers in Cameroon. World Agroforestry Centre, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp15009.pdf.

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Khaila, Stanley, Frank Tchuwa, Steven Franzel i Brent Simpson. The Farmer-to-Farmer Extension Approach in Malawi: A Survey of Lead Farmers. World Agroforestry Centre, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp14152.pdf.

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Khaila, S., F. Tchuwa, Steve Franzel i B. Simpson. The farmer-to-farmer extension approach in Malawi: a survey of lead farmers. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp14200.pdf.

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Baba, Check Abdel Kader, i Nicolas Patt. Reaching farmers beyond project beneficiaries: The Tem Sesiabun Gorado model for improving farmer-to-farmer extension approaches. TMG Research gGmbH, maj 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35435/2.2019.2.

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Chimombo, Masautso, Mirriam Matita, Loveness Mgalamadzi, Blessings Chinsinga, Ephraim Wadonda Chirwa, Stevier Kaiyatsa i Jacob Mazalale. Interrogating the Effectiveness of Farmer Producer Organisations in Enhancing Smallholder Commercialisation – Frontline Experiences From Central Malawi. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.004.

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Many years of significant investment into the production and adoption of productivity-enhancing technologies and practices in agriculture have not yielded the desired results. Most smallholder farmers in Africa remain trapped in poverty. Having realised that addressing production challenges alone is not enough to impact the lives of poor smallholder farmers, resources and attention have now shifted to the marketing side of agriculture. Organising farmers into farmer producer organisations (FPOs), like clubs, associations and cooperatives, has been one of the strategies aimed at commercialising smallholder agriculture. In Malawi, smallholder farmers have been organised into FPOs of various types and sizes. This qualitative study interrogated the effectiveness of FPOs in Malawi in meeting their objectives, including the objective of enhancing commercialisation of smallholder farmers through increased access to farm inputs, markets, and agricultural extension and advisory services.

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Gunchinsuren, Enkhtuvshin, Manfred Kiefer i Christian Abeleda. Improving the Livelihood of Poultry Farmers in India through Contract Farming: How Effective? Asian Development Bank, listopad 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf230540-2.

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This brief explores how efficient private sector-led contract poultry farming—where a farmer produces exclusively for one contractor—can boost the livelihoods of small-scale Indian farmers and support sustainable rural development. Noting the rapid growth of India’s poultry sector, the brief looks at how contract farmers benefit from economies of scale, shorter poultry farming cycles, and higher labor and capital productivity. Drawing on data from farmers in Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, it analyzes the impact of the pandemic, looks at the barriers to working with a major producer, and shows how contract farming can reduce a poultry farmer’s risk exposure.

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Pradhan, N. C. Improving irrigation system management through farmer-to-farmer training. International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2013.013.

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Kiptot, Evelyn, Steve Franzel, P. B. Nzigamasabo i C. Ruganirwa. Farmer to farmer extension of livestock feed technologies in Rwanda: a survey of volunteer farmer trainers and organizations. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp16005.pdf.

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Tsafack, S., Anne M. I. Degrande, Steve Franzel i B. Simpson. Farmer-to-farmer extension in Cameroon: a survey of extension organizations. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp14383.pdf.

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Chang, Yuana. Scaling sustainable agriculture: multiplying the Farmer-to-Farmer Agroecology movement in Cuba. Oxfam, styczeń 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.7024.

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