Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Family farm business”

This research examines the Australian farm tourism sector within both family business and rural studies research paradigms. It analyses which farmers in Australia establish farm tourism businesses, and why. It extends previous research on farm tourism both in breadth, by covering an entire continent; and in depth, using qualitative approaches to determine the internal and external triggers for individual decisions, as well as quantitative approaches to establish the operational structure of the sector and the overall motivations of its operators. There were three separate stages to this study, with an increasingly detailed focus. In the first, a national database of farm tourism operators was constructed from publicly available sources. In the second phase, a 92 item questionnaire was mailed to every operator, with a response rate just below 50%. In the third phase, detailed interviews were conducted with 43 farm tourism operators either on site or by telephone. There are over 650 working farms which offer farm based tourism products in Australia. A few are large, remote and luxurious, but the majority are small, family priced and close to major population centres. There are around 14,000 beds, with mean occupancy rate 35%, and total annual turnover AUS$115 million. Only 0.2% of Australian farmers have taken up tourism, as compared with 10-20% in some European countries. There are four major groups of farm tourism operators in Australia: full time farms, part time farms, retirement farms and lifestyle farms. There are statistically significant differences between these groups in the make up of their income streams, and in their motivations and family structures. Australian farm tourism operators attach slightly more significance to social than financial gains. Particular groups of operators, however, do indeed rely on farm tourism as a key income stream. For lifestyle operators, the farm component is principally a lifestyle luxury and a tourism attraction, with tourism generating the principal income. For retirement farmers, farming is no longer at a commercially viable scale, and tourism provides the cashflow to keep the operators on their farm property during semi retirement. For part time operators, tourism provides an income stream in addition and, where possible, in preference to off farm employment, for farm families having difficulty making ends meet. For full time farmers, tourism is not seen as a long term important income source, but as a diversification option which enabled them to survive external economic shocks caused by changes in commodity prices or government policies. Whereas an income from farm tourism seems to have been an important stopgap or supplement which allows the operators to maintain their farms and farming lifestyles, it does not necessarily generate sufficient income to support two generations on the same property. At least to date, therefore, it appears that farm tourism cannot be relied upon routinely as a new lifeline for rural communities in Australia. It does indeed have a role to play, but the role may be different in different parts of the country. In the more remote areas, farm tourism can provide a buffer for an older generation of farming families, helping to maintain stability in rural communities and land tenure. In areas popular with amenity migrants, however, farm tourism may act as an agent of change, part of a package which brings former urban professionals to a rural semi retirement.

This research examines the Australian farm tourism sector within both family business and rural studies research paradigms. It analyses which farmers in Australia establish farm tourism businesses, and why. It extends previous research on farm tourism both in breadth, by covering an entire continent; and in depth, using qualitative approaches to determine the internal and external triggers for individual decisions, as well as quantitative approaches to establish the operational structure of the sector and the overall motivations of its operators. There were three separate stages to this study, with an increasingly detailed focus. In the first, a national database of farm tourism operators was constructed from publicly available sources. In the second phase, a 92 item questionnaire was mailed to every operator, with a response rate just below 50%. In the third phase, detailed interviews were conducted with 43 farm tourism operators either on site or by telephone. There are over 650 working farms which offer farm based tourism products in Australia. A few are large, remote and luxurious, but the majority are small, family priced and close to major population centres. There are around 14,000 beds, with mean occupancy rate 35%, and total annual turnover AUS$115 million. Only 0.2% of Australian farmers have taken up tourism, as compared with 10-20% in some European countries. There are four major groups of farm tourism operators in Australia: full time farms, part time farms, retirement farms and lifestyle farms. There are statistically significant differences between these groups in the make up of their income streams, and in their motivations and family structures. Australian farm tourism operators attach slightly more significance to social than financial gains. Particular groups of operators, however, do indeed rely on farm tourism as a key income stream. For lifestyle operators, the farm component is principally a lifestyle luxury and a tourism attraction, with tourism generating the principal income. For retirement farmers, farming is no longer at a commercially viable scale, and tourism provides the cashflow to keep the operators on their farm property during semi retirement. For part time operators, tourism provides an income stream in addition and, where possible, in preference to off farm employment, for farm families having difficulty making ends meet. For full time farmers, tourism is not seen as a long term important income source, but as a diversification option which enabled them to survive external economic shocks caused by changes in commodity prices or government policies. Whereas an income from farm tourism seems to have been an important stopgap or supplement which allows the operators to maintain their farms and farming lifestyles, it does not necessarily generate sufficient income to support two generations on the same property. At least to date, therefore, it appears that farm tourism cannot be relied upon routinely as a new lifeline for rural communities in Australia. It does indeed have a role to play, but the role may be different in different parts of the country. In the more remote areas, farm tourism can provide a buffer for an older generation of farming families, helping to maintain stability in rural communities and land tenure. In areas popular with amenity migrants, however, farm tourism may act as an agent of change, part of a package which brings former urban professionals to a rural semi retirement.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental and Applied Science
Full Text

This study examines change in the family farming sector through the lens of succession. It explores empirically the succession expectations and intentions of farmers and their children in a changing contextual landscape. The research is underpinned by two theoretical concepts: the ‘farm adjustment strategy’ facilitated the development of structural reference points in respect of the family farm business and household; and application of tenets of van der Ploeg’s (1994) ‘styles’ work enabled analysis of structural change in the farm business to be viewed through a qualitative succession lens. A ‘pragmatist’ mixed-methods approach comprised a farmer survey and next generation in-depth interviews. The analytical approach accommodated issues of temporality and facilitated the linkage and study of multiple components of change. It was found that immense variability exists in terms of how succession is managed in practice. The structural characteristics and capacity of the farm business clearly impact upon succession choices and positions, but intrinsic drivers also have a very significant bearing on succession and its potential outcome. The research revealed three broad outcomes of next generation succession intention, each forming the basis of a succession style: a desire and intention to succeed to the family farm, reflected in more traditional succession modes; an intention to leave the family farm, thus opting out of farming per se; and part-time succession, characterised by off-farm professional work, flexibility and a lifestyle preference that encompasses aspects of farming and non-farming worlds. The findings presented in this thesis suggest that, through succession, forms of farm management and operation are evolving. Family farming entities are adapting and becoming increasingly heterogeneous. Through a contemporary succession lens, the notion of the family farm now comprises an assortment of family-owned and family-managed businesses with an array of diversified business, amenity and farming interests.

Este trabalho aborda o processo de sucessão em empresas familiares, dentro do contexto de desenvolvimento da empresa rural brasileira de controle familiar. O setor rural brasileiro passa por mudanças estruturais desde a década de setenta. Essas mudanças imprimiram novos padrões de competitividade e integração aos sistemas agroindustriais. Isso leva ao aumento de complexidade do ambiente interno da empresa rural, que induziu o empresário rural a buscar novos padrões de gestão de sua atividade sob uma perspectiva capitalista. Nesse processo, à medida que a empresa evolui, o empreendedor que a constituiu enfrenta o desafio de sua sucessão para garantir a perenidade da atividade ao longo das gerações da sua família. O objetivo principal da pesquisa é aprofundar o entendimento do processo de sucessão nas empresas rurais de controle familiar. Como objetivos específicos, ela visa a: (i) estabelecer a motivação para o processo de sucessão na empresa rural de controle familiar; (ii) identificar desafios enfrentados no processo de sucessão na empresa rural de controle familiar; (iii) discutir como mecanismos de governança influenciam o processo de sucessão na empresa rural de controle familiar; (iv) discutir como a forma jurídica influencia o processo de sucessão na empresa rural de controle familiar. A pesquisa tem caráter exploratório e o método utilizado é o estudo múltiplo de casos. Para a construção e análise dos casos é utilizado um modelo proposto por Gersick et al (1997) que auxilia o entendimento das empresa familiares, por considerá-la em dimensões de desenvolvimento: família, propriedade e gestão. A partir das analises dos casos, conclui-se que as motivações para a continuidade da empresa rural conjugam a ligação afetiva entre os familiares e a empresa familiar, o fato de os ativos desta empresa constituirem uma reserva de capital para família, a atividade rural ser uma alternativa profissional para a família e representar uma oportunidade de negócio. Entre os desafios identificados, ressalte-se a importância do estabelecimento de uma comunicação clara entre sucedidos, sucessores e herdeiros para evitar conflitos no processo de sucessão e as implicações da pulverização da propriedade para a adoção de estratégias de crescimento e emergência das estruturas de governança. Ainda, discutem-se os mecanismos de governança que prevalecem ao longo do desenvolvimento da empresa rural de controle familiar e a influência da forma jurídica como facilitadora do processo de sucessão.
This paper deals with the succession process in family businesses, within the context of rural enterprises development in Brazil. Since the seventies, the Brazilian rural sector has undergone structural changes. These changes resulted in new patterns of competitiveness and integration in the agribusiness systems. This leads to increased complexity of the internal environment of rural enterprises, which induced farmers to seek new management practices under a capitalist perspective. As the firm evolves, the entrepreneur faces the challenge of his succession to ensure continuity of the company along the generations of his family. The main objective of this research is to deepen our understanding of succession in family farm business. As specific objectives, it aims to: (i) establish the motivation for the succession in the family farm business, (ii) identify challenges faced in the succession process in the family farm business, (iii) discuss mechanisms of governance that influence the succession process in the family farm business, (iv) discuss how the legal form influence the succession process in the family farm business. This is an exploratory research and the method used is the multiple case study. The model proposed by Gersick et al (1997) supports the analysis of the family farm business, considering its developmental dimensions: family, ownership and management. It concludes that the motivations for the continuity of rural enterprise combine the bonding between the family and the business as well as the fact that the assets of the company consist in the capital reserve for family. The rural activity is considered as a professional alternative for family members and represents a business opportunity for the family. Among the challenges identified, it is pointed out the importance of establishing clear communication between successors and heirs to avoid conflict in the succession process and the implications of property splitting for the adoption of growth strategies. It is discussed the mechanisms of governance that prevail throughout the development of the family farm business and the influence of the legal form as a facilitator of the succession process.

Master of Agribusiness
Department of Agricultural Economics
Gregg L. Hadley
XYZ Farms, a family farming operation located in Northeast Iowa, has been in business since 1924. Currently the operation utilizes 1,300 acres of farm ground to produce corn, soybeans and alfalfa and feeds 3,000 head of hogs and 500 head of cattle annually. The family operation has evolved over the years and has passed ownership down within the family from generation to generation. It has come time that the operation’s current owners are looking to retire and peacefully transition the family operation on to the next generation. A non-conventional case study structure will highlight and assess the history of the family operation and introduce them to current practices and ownership. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and create a feasible transition plan for XYZ Farms, while minimizing the social and economic costs associated with farm business succession. Further analysis will allow the operation to identify and utilize a succession planning framework, which is important for farm families to possess when looking to build and begin the planning process. Quantitative, along with qualitative, analysis are utilized to understand the operations need for succession planning and the feasibility of doing so. Findings indicate that it is advantageous to work through a sound succession plan including an open line of communication with both current and future owners of the operation. The ability to have upfront conversations and meetings will allow for the discussion of the operation’s future between both parties involved. By implementing a sound and feasible succession plan, XYZ Farms will be able to continue to be a family owned and operated farm for many years to come.

The research asked the pivotal question - Why do dairy farmers continue to farm? There is currently a lack of recognition for the social, cultural and symbolic merits of family businesses, and the non-economic contributions made to society. In critically reviewing the economic paradigm, which assumes man acts rationally in a world of perfect information, economic theory ignores the role of alternative forms of capital in acquiring power to conduct business successfully. Using Bourdieu's concepts of field, habitus and capital offered sociological insights into small family farm businesses. Bourdieu's generic forms of capital allowed for the appraisal of not only economic capital; but social, cultural and symbolic capital. A qualitative, mixed methods approach was chosen, through a series of ten ethnographic case studies conducted in Staffordshire. Bourdieu's work and qualitative methods allowed the farm to be investigated as a collective social unit. Each case study consisted of participant observation, interviews with the farmer, and where possible spouses and children. The work demonstrates that whilst policy tries to shape how agriculture is conducted, it is not necessarily creating an environment in which farmers can empower themselves, and their business operations; as powerful groups seek to retain their position in the field (dairy industry). Sufficient levels of social, cultural and symbolic capital are vital for family farm business success; defined in economic (wealth) and non-economic (personal development, job satisfaction and lifestyle) parameters. For the farming world, the work extends Bourdieu's theory proposing the need to introduce natural capital. Nature's role in farming is critical and farmers need to utilise and support natural systems. Despite farmers losing control in their field, many have behaved in enterprising ways in order to continue the family farm business. However, farmers need to increase their levels of all forms of capital in order to increase their power and position in society. Consequently, farmers must also protect their levels of capital in order to slow down further decreases in their power in the field.

Family farms experience conflict in the everyday operation of the farm (Weigel & Weigel, 1990). However, family farm members rarely bring up conflicts to the other party; rather, they keep their frustration to themselves or wait until things boil over. Waters (2013) noted family farm members avoid bringing up any conflict or issues, with one son noting ?basically, dad says we?re doing this and I say okay? (Waters, 2013, p. 30). It is in this communicative environment that a business functions, attempting to remain profitable, while maintaining family bonds that are the foundation of the business itself. This project used intragroup conflict theory to explore the dynamics of everyday conflict in family farm businesses. Intragroup conflict theory presents four types of conflict (task, relational, process, and status) that influence group outcomes differently (Jehn, 1997). The first focus of this project was how these four conflict types influence three important outcomes for family farm members: job satisfaction, communication satisfaction, and profitability. Only status conflict significantly predicted all three outcomes variables for family farm members. Additionally, this project furthered intragroup conflict theory by exploring two potential antecedents for intragroup conflict: emotional intelligence (awareness of own and management of own) and family communication patterns (conversation orientation and conformity orientation). Conformity orientation significantly predicted task, process, and status conflict in the model. These findings were discussed in light of the previous theoretical work in family businesses, then in the family farm context specifically.

The thesis is focused on creating a complete business plan for establishing a family owned lavender farm in the village of Římov. The theoretical part describes the business process from the very idea of starting an enterprise, the assessment of the business plan using the Lean Canvas tool, chosen analytical and research methods as well as creating a given structure for of the business plan which involves eliminating risks, setting up the product and entering the market. The analytical part of the work provides a SWOT analysis of the business environment. In the final part of the thesis both the preferred market strategy and the business model breakdown are proposed.

This thesis studies the role accounting plays in the monitoring and reporting of soil quality in one sector of the agricultural industry, broadacre farming. A survey was conducted with broadacre farmers in the Loddon Catchment, Victoria, Australia. The primary aim was to determine the effectiveness accounting plays in providing information to decision makers relative to the productive capacity in soil quality and not just on profits. The capital asset in this study was defined as soil quality. Soils and soil quality in particular, are major elements in determining land value. The concern is decisions are being made by potential buyers and other decision makers, particularly policy makers, with regards to soil quality on the basis of incomplete and often misleading information. It is proposed that a major reason is due to the fact that different participants in the agricultural and accounting industries require and use different information. The accounting systems used by farmers are those that have been developed for the manufacturing sector which may not be appropriate for managing long-term, complex resources such as soil. The farmers themselves did not find formal accounting reports useful for decision making because these reports are based on uniform standards and market prices. The topic of soil quality and land degradation is viewed from two perspectives. In one perspective, the proprietary view; the accounting emphasis is on the ownership of assets and the change, both in income and capital, in these assets over time. In this case the accounting equation is seen as assets - liabilities = equities. The proprietor takes all the risk. A more recent perspective in accounting, the entity view, emphasises the assets whether financed from equity or debt and where the accounting equation is seen as assets = equities. The emphasis changes to the income flow from these assets and more interest is shown in current market prices as a reflection of the future value of these assets Profit is not necessarily a good indicator of what farmers are doing for their capital asset. There needs to be greater emphasis on costs undertaken for the conservation of soil. Those costs should be considered an investment and put into the balance sheet and not the profit and loss statement. The major finding of study demonstrates that decision making groups have different

Family businesses are considered to be among the most important contributors to wealth and employment in virtually the world. This qualitative study looked at farming family businesses. Farming family businesses present certain unique features that discern them from other family businesses and are worthy of investigation. Two domains are identified in the literature and research about conflict in family business: The business and the family. The researcher postulated that the domain of the family is too broadly drawn and that farming family systems in the Sibling Partnership Stage, with their unique way of life and functioning, consist of several sub-systems which impact on the business. Conflict develops in and between the sub-systems. This study looked at conflict within farming family businesses from a systemic viewpoint, particularly focusing on the process aspects, the interactional dynamics in and between the sub-systems. Four active types of subsystems were identified in the case studies: Couples subsystems, parent child subsystems, sibling subsystems, in-law subsystems or subsystems of which at least one member is an in-law. The research aim was to explore the circular patterns in the two cases as systems and to uncover the function of the conflict in these systems. In both cases, circular conflict patterns came to the fore with the subsystems part of the feedback loops. The conflict escalation happened between the subsystems as elements and the conflict paths were circular, not linear. Sub-themes around family scripts, communication and perceptions about fairness were also uncovered in the research. Both cases were family businesses in the two-generational development stage. The function of the conflict in both systems could only be hypothesised due to the exploratory nature of the research. The researcher hypothesized that the function of the conflict in the systems centred around conflict as an attempt in the system to shake loose from entrenched restricting family scripts. The important themes that presented themselves in the research not envisaged in the planning stage. These themes are part of the systemic patterning in both the cases: Perceptions of fairness or rather unfairness feed into the conflict loop. Rewards and compensation are sensitive matters in all families. The more there are perceptions of unfairness in a subsystem, the more entrenched that belief becomes, the more the conflict in the system escalates and the bigger the emotional distance gets from the assumed beneficiaries of benefits.

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Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o processo sucessório da empresa familiar Perini, desde a sua fundação, em 1964, até 2005, ano previsto para a conclusão desse estudo, buscando identificar as suas diversas fases, características e desafios. Pretendese, ainda, fornecer subsídios para que novos estudos sejam desenvolvidos nessa área e estimular reflexões aprofundadas sobre o tema. A metodologia adotada para alcançar o objetivo proposto caracteriza-se por ser eminentemente qualitativa e utilizar como estratégia de pesquisa o estudo de caso do tipo exploratório-descritivo, adotando as seguintes técnicas de coleta de dados: entrevista, questionários e análise de documentos. Desse modo, para o estudo de caso integrante desta pesquisa, conduzido na organização Carballo Faro & Cia Ltda (Perini), elaborou-se a seguinte questão de partida: Como se desenvolveu o processo sucessório da Perini desde a sua constituição, em 1964, até o ano de 2005? Para auxiliar na elaboração de uma resposta para esse questionamento, o presente estudo utilizou como modelo de análise o Modelo Tridimensional de Desenvolvimento concebido por Gersick e outros (1997). Após a execução da pesquisa, chegou-se à conclusão de que ao longo do período estudado o processo sucessório da Perini foi marcado por três fases, cada uma com seus próprios desafios e características: A primeira fase foi a de Proprietário-controlador / Jovem Família Empresária / Empresa Nova, a segunda foi a de Sociedade entre Irmãos/ Híbrida de Jovem Família Empresária com Entrada da Família na Empresa / Híbrida de Empresa Nova com Empresa em Expansão – Formalização e por fim a terceira foi a de Proprietário-Controlador / Híbrida de Jovem Família Empresária com Entrada de Família na Empresa / Híbrida de Empresa Nova com Empresa em Expansão – Formalização.
Salvador

Sheep farming in Australia has a long tradition, built up over several generations, of inheritance of the family farm, the occupation of sheep farming and the personal identity around being a sheep farmer. This tradition appears to be under threat, due to a combination of hard times and the long-term and inexorable decline in the terms of trade. I examined this threat to the continuation of family farming in Australia’s sheep industry by describing the demographic structure of the industry, documenting the structural changes and questioning whether the changes actually matter. The work involved demographic analysis of data from recent censuses of population and housing and in-depth interviews with sheep farming families. The average age of Australia’s sheep farmers is increasing, caused mainly by the decrease in entry of young people to the industry. This phenomenon is not confined to Australia’s sheep industry but is widespread and long-term through the industrialised world. Also, as some areas focus on agricultural production and others on amenity consumption, the rural landscape is changing. The changes to the structure of Australia’s sheep industry and the nation’s rural landscapes are driven by substantial forces that cannot be resisted easily. This has implications for policy-makers, extension agents and farm families.

Sheep farming in Australia has a long tradition, built up over several generations, of inheritance of the family farm, the occupation of sheep farming and the personal identity around being a sheep farmer. This tradition appears to be under threat, due to a combination of hard times and the long-term and inexorable decline in the terms of trade. I examined this threat to the continuation of family farming in Australia’s sheep industry by describing the demographic structure of the industry, documenting the structural changes and questioning whether the changes actually matter. The work involved demographic analysis of data from recent censuses of population and housing and in-depth interviews with sheep farming families. The average age of Australia’s sheep farmers is increasing, caused mainly by the decrease in entry of young people to the industry. This phenomenon is not confined to Australia’s sheep industry but is widespread and long-term through the industrialised world. Also, as some areas focus on agricultural production and others on amenity consumption, the rural landscape is changing. The changes to the structure of Australia’s sheep industry and the nation’s rural landscapes are driven by substantial forces that cannot be resisted easily. This has implications for policy-makers, extension agents and farm families.

This dissertation examines federal farm policy between 1933 and 1965 and its implementation in North and South Carolina. It argues that restricted economic democracy in the Farm State - the full array of agriculture regulations, programs, and agencies associated with the federal government - enabled policy makers to adhere strictly to the principles of progressive farming and parity in the development and implementation of farm policies. These ideals emphasized industrialized, commercial farming by ever-larger farms and excluded many smaller farms from receiving the full benefit of federal farm aid. The resulting programs, by design, contributed significantly to the contraction of the farm population and the concentration of farm assets in the Carolinas. They also steered rural economic development into the channels of agribusiness as a strategy to manage the consequences of those policies. The processes and programs that drove the smallest farms out of business in the early post-war era were beginning to threaten even larger, commercial farming enterprises by the 1960s. In this context, the economic and political interests of farmers became separate from and oppositional to those of industry or consumers and removed incentives to seek common ground. The unwavering pursuit of commercial farming and agribusiness prevented diversified rural development in the Carolinas and contributed to uneven distributions of prosperity in the region.

Using the methodologies of policy, business, and social history, this work draws upon evidence from a wide variety of sources including the papers of government farm agencies, correspondence of farmers, political office holders, and personnel of the USDA. It also consults the farm press and local press, the writings of farm policy leaders, and Congressional hearings and reports. These documents provide a multifaceted perspective on the development and implementation of farm programs in the Carolinas and offers a new look at the contested process through which farm policy was made and implemented in the post war period.

Dissertation

Many Australian grain growers face increasing capital, management and scale constraints that limit their ability to adopt productivity-enhancing technical innovations. Organisational innovations in farm business models, such as joint ventures (JVs) may offer opportunities to overcome these constraints and provide new pathways for owner-operator family farms to boost productivity. JVs retain the strengths of family farm models while capturing some of the benefits offered by largescale corporate farm businesses. Using a mixed-methods approach, this research addresses gaps in current knowledge regarding the potential of organisational innovations for Australian farmers. Data collected from interviews with agribusiness personnel, as well as two surveys of Australian grain growers, are used to investigate interest in and motivations towards adopting organisational innovations. A desktop review of the literature and semi-structured interviews with farm managers identified two broad groups of innovative business models: 1) hub-based models and 2) contracting models. Advantages of these models include: efficient scale of farm operations; better access to financial capital; stronger governance and due diligence processes; and increased human capital through labour specialisation. Analysis of data from a telephone survey of Australian grain growers revealed that 3% of rainfed grain producers were already in a form of JV, and 35% of producers had an interest in hybrid farm structures to help reduce farm costs, increase profitability, improve labour efficiency and capture economies of scale. Adopters of JV structures were significantly more likely to have larger scale operations; higher cropping intensity; less diverse sources of farm income; agronomists assisting with cropping decisions; and were less reliant on contractors for farm operations. Multinomial logit regressions revealed that famers interested in adopting a JV structure were more likely to be younger, hold a university degree, and believe their business is constrained by a lack of skilled labour. The analyses of discrete choice data showed that farmers prefer JV farm structures that offer increased income with minimal loss of decision control and no change to annual leave. Significant unobserved heterogeneity of farmer JV attribute preferences was identified using random parameter logit modelling and latent class analysis. Six classes of farmers, each with distinct preferences for JV structure attributes suggest that, although there is no ‘one size fits all’ model, there are opportunities for compatible JV partnerships. Our findings suggest that there is significant interest in adoption of JV structures, but adoption will require the identification of potential partners based on attitudinal, business and geographical compatibility. Policy interventions to assist in JV development should focus on: a) supporting research and extension to demonstrate the potential financial benefits; b) providing an enabling business, communication and investment environment to attract compatible farmers, investors, and partners; and c) building a network of trusted advisors to advise and support clients on JV formation and performance. By building the awareness and capacity of the advisor network towards organisational innovation, motivated farmers can be supported to find suitable partners and develop successful JV structures.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Centre for Global Food & Resources, 2017

碩士
世新大學
企業管理研究所(含碩專班)
103
Family businesses had always played an important role in the global economic system. The Taiwanese family businesses has not only affected its country's economy and job market, but also affected the living style of its people. This paper focuses on the family business growth model through qualitative analysis and case study. Using Far Eastern Group and Yulong Group as research subjects, the paper describes the different strategies at different development stage as well as the similarities and differences in strategies between the two companies. Through comparison of the company strategies, it further supports the family business growth model as a system of Hierarchy, Network, and Market. In similarities, Far Eastern and Yulong group both utilized Hierarchy, Network, and Market strategies to secure their higher status in the textile industry. To ensure a sustainable business, both of these companies has chosen the same diversification growth strategy, using hierarchy strategies to tackle on industries of similar category, and using networking and some marketing strategies to tap into unfamiliar fields . They also enhance market share through strategic of network and market. In contrast of strategies, Far Eastern emphasizes on expanding diversified market using all three strategies, while Yulong focuses on automotive industry using hierarchy and network. In addition, Yulong had expanded into second generation managers to tap into the technology industry using market strategy. The above analysis has found and concluded that the family business growth model is a combination of Hierarchy, Network, and Market.