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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Fake history”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 25 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 27 lipca 2024

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1

Souza, Rosali Fernandez de, i Rodrigo Aldeia Duarte. "Sobre fake news e fake History". Revista Mídia e Cotidiano 15, nr 3 (30.09.2021): 321–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/rmc.v15i3.50671.

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Este trabalho apresenta a tradução para português de uma compilação de palestras do professor Jason Steinhauer sobre o tema das fake news e seu correlato, a fake History, conceito criado pelo autor para dar conta da força com que o obscurantismo tem atingido e moldado a visão sobre o passado e a competência em História do público em geral. O artigo analisa correlações entre as duas questões, que enfraquecem sobremaneira a capacidade do público de distinguir informações falsas das reais, e propõe uma estratégia comunicacional proativa por parte dos historiadores, a comunicação histórica, elemento vital para o combate ao discurso falseador e anticientífico presente nos principais meios de divulgação – especialmente nas novas tecnologias, portais de notícias e mídias sociais – que associa acriticamente História e passado.

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Bryant, Julius. "Mrs. Abdul? From Fake News to Fake History". Round Table 106, nr 6 (2.11.2017): 695–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2017.1405532.

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Arthur, Paul Longley. "Fake History, Trauma, and Memory". Zeitschrift für Australienstudien / Australian Studies Journal 35 (2021): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35515/zfa/asj.35/2021.04.

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Fischer, Benjamin B. "Fictitious Spies and Fake History". International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 33, nr 1 (10.12.2019): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1668247.

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Barth, Volker, i Michael Homberg. "Fake News". Geschichte und Gesellschaft 44, nr 4 (6.12.2018): 619–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/gege.2018.44.4.619.

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Gabov, Andrey V. "Fake transactions in Russian law: history and modernity". Gosudarstvo i pravo, nr 2 (2022): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520019130-4.

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This article examines the phenomenon of a fake transaction. The author shows the origin of this institution in the decisions of the civil cassation Department of the Governing Senate in the Russian Empire. In particular, it is shown that initially such decisions were about circumventing the law, then the idea of fictitious (imaginary) transactions was formulated, and only then were the imaginary and fake transactions differentiated. The Soviet approach was initially based on the division of the imaginary and feigned transaction with the indication reactions a fake transactions: nullity, but with the ability to save to cover its legal. The author analyzes the current legislation, judicial practice. The aim of the study is the determination of aggravating circumstances sham transactions, based on the legislative model of sham transactions, including the value at which regulatory provisions it is understood in the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, courts of arbitration and courts of general jurisdiction, given the domestic doctrine and the experience of legal regulation. Based on the results of the study, the author formulated the main elements that form the model of a fake transaction in the law of the Russian Federation, including the qualifying features of a fake transaction.

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Biggins, Felicity. "Not Exactly Lying: Fake News and Fake Journalism in American History, Andie Tucher (2022)". Australian Journalism Review 44, nr 2 (1.11.2022): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00107_5.

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Review of: Not Exactly Lying: Fake News and Fake Journalism in American History, Andie Tucher (2022) New York: Columbia University Press, 384 pp., ISBN 978-0-23118-634-6, h/bk, USD 115.00/GBP 90.00, ISBN 978-0-23118-635-3, p/bk, USD 28.00/GBP 22.00, ISBN 978-0-23154-659-1, e-book, USD 27.99/GBP 22.00

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Nerone, John. "Not Exactly Lying: Fake News and Fake Journalism in American History, Andie Tucher (2022)". International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics 18, nr 2 (1.09.2022): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/macp_00067_5.

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Gabov, Andrey V. "Fake transactions in Russian law: history and modernity". Gosudarstvo i pravo, nr 2 (2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520013672-0.

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Morris, Peter. "Fake Silk: The Lethal History of Viscose Rayon". Ambix 65, nr 2 (3.04.2018): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2018.1469310.

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Smith, Barney. "The Buried Spitfires of Burma: A “Fake” History". Asian Affairs 51, nr 3 (26.05.2020): 719–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03068374.2020.1792718.

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McCaig, Ron. "Fake Silk: The Lethal History of Viscose Rayon". Occupational Medicine 67, nr 6 (sierpień 2017): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqx079.

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Le Donne, Anthony. "Fake News and the Jesus Historian". Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus 14, nr 3 (4.04.2016): 248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455197-01403001.

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This article surveys a cultural phenomenon in American popular media that complicates how the historical Jesus is received: fake news. It suggests that fake Jesus news relates to the problems we face in Donald Trump-related political discourse. Moreover, the present political climate will make it even more difficult for professional historians to be heard and trusted by the general public.

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14

King, LaGarrett. "Don’t Believe the Hype: Black History, the Media, and Fake News". International Journal of Critical Media Literacy 2, nr 2 (25.05.2021): 148–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25900110-02020002.

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Abstract Fake news has become an essential part of the national lexicon. I argue that fake news is not a new concept. In fact, Black people has been experiencing fake news for generations. I will explore fake news and use several theoretical concepts to expand the growing literature base of critical race media literacy. To do this, I will combine theoretical concepts such as the Afterlife of slavery, anti-Blackness, the racial contract, as well as critical media literacy, and Critical Race Theory to continue to push critical race media literacy as an intellectual concept. I will then present a case study on the media, Black Founders, a history centric show created in 2010 by conservative media personality Glenn Beck, to explore how these concepts work together. Here, I want to engage how history, particularly Black history, is used to spread fake news about Black people. I will then close with some theoretical ideas to consider sifting through media outlets’ racial grammar.

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15

Marzo, Jorge Luis. "El fake en el arte latinoamericano". REVISTA DE HISTORIOGRAFÍA (RevHisto) 33 (22.06.2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/revhisto.2020.5483.

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En este artículo se analizan algunas prácticas artísticas latinoamericanas que hace uso del fake a modo de formato para explorar y cuestionar el régimen de autoridad y verdad en la nueva esfera pública surgida con los medios de comunicación de masas. El análisis de las técnicas de ficcionalidad, infiltración, camuflaje e impostura en las que pivota el fake permite comprender las pulsiones de una parte relevante del arte y del activismo latinoamericanos (a la estela de un fenómeno de carácter global) tendentes a subvertir los sistemas de adhesión y consenso, a menudo sostenidos por los severos códigos aplicados sobre las disciplinas culturales.

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16

Shiraev, Eric. "Fake news for the American Revolution". Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 134, nr 2 (1.08.2021): 254–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvg2021.2.006.shir.

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Abstract The case of the false letters attributed to George Washington—the first president of the United States—serves as a classical example of character attacks conducted with the help of “fake news”. The fake letters attributed to Washington were allegedly intercepted in 1776. The seven letters were addressed to Washington’s relatives and to a friend. This alleged Washington’s correspondence revealed his serious character flaws, indecisiveness, remorse, his sympathies toward Britain, as well as his wavering commitment to the revolution. These attacks attempted not only to discredit a major public figure and hurt him emotionally but also, feasibly, generate a public scandal and thus achieve or further certain political goals such as winning a military conflict. This article demonstrates whether and how this case fits into the general theory of character assassination and ultimately suggests that many forms, methods, and responses to character attacks remain consistent throughout the ages.

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17

Fabian, Steven. "An Interview with Dr. Andie Tucher, Columbia Journalism School". Radical History Review 2021, nr 141 (1.10.2021): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-9170794.

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Abstract Columbia School of Journalism professor Andie Tucher talks about her forthcoming book on the history of fake news in the United States. She explains how, despite the fact that fake news has a long history in America, earlier incarnations were far less harmful than our current “post-truth” era. She also defines and examines what she calls “fake journalism,” which uses the conventions of objective journalism but in deceptive ways to mislead people into accepting lies as truth.

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18

Krauss, Lawrence. "Fake Debate". Index on Censorship 37, nr 4 (listopad 2008): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064220802554080.

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Pozdnyakov, Evgeny. "On the Problems of Theoretical Understanding of the Term “Fake News”". ISTORIYA 14, nr 12-2 (134) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840029664-9.

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The paper examines the history of the formation of the term “fake news”. The main problems that scientists faced when trying to explain this phenomenon are explored. Attempts are made to classify “fake news” based on the features inherent in this phenomenon. An attempt was also made to highlight the main features of “national” approaches to describing fakes (Russian, Chinese and Western approaches). Explanations are given why “national” schools developed in this way, and a brief description of each of them is given. With the help of an extensive historical description, an attempt is made to give our own definition of “political fake news”.

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20

Polage, Danielle C. "Making up History: False Memories of Fake News Stories". Europe’s Journal of Psychology 8, nr 2 (31.05.2012): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v8i2.456.

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21

Bois, Yve-Alain. "Fake News and Alternative Facts: Three Antidotes from History". October 160 (czerwiec 2017): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00295.

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Yve-Alain Bois introduces three historical texts—Heinrich von Kleist's “Primer of French Journalism” (1821), Bertolt Brecht's “On Restoring the Truth” (1934), and Alexandre Koyré's “The Political Function of the Modern Lie” (1943)—that address the age-old but still urgent question of how to address blatant political lies.

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22

Kubiaczyk, Filip. "Fake history. Sobre la manipulación del pasado en Cataluña". Studia Europaea Gnesnensia, nr 25 (12.01.2024): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/seg.2023.25.6.

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This article explores how the past is manipulated in the Catalan national discourse. It outlines main narrative strategies used to exclude that which is Spanish from the image of Catalonia’s past, and discusses the consequences, involving the distortion of historical consciousness among the Catalans.

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23

Arias Maldonado, Manuel. "Understanding Fake News: Technology, Affects, and the Politics of the Untruth". Historia y Comunicación Social 24, nr 2 (6.11.2019): 533–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/hics.66298.

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This paper provides epistemic and conceptual tools for a better understanding of fake news. It begins by looking for a definition of fake news that distinguishes between fabricated news stories and biased claims, showing that fake news "stricto sensu" is less frequent and influential than expected. Then a multicausal account is provided that identifies six main drivers for the multiplication and spread of fabricated news: erosion of truth, digitization, changes in journalism, digital illiteracy, emotional biases, rise of populism. Finally, the implications of fake news for democracy are explored. It is suggested that fakes, their statistical irrelevance notwithstanding, contribute to the weakening of trust and the epistemic disorientation of citizens in a digitized public sphere.

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24

Heymel, Michael. "The Story of a Fake". Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte 35, nr 2 (1.12.2022): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/kize.2022.35.2.370.

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Young, James Harvey. "Folk into Fake". Western Folklore 44, nr 3 (lipiec 1985): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1499837.

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Kraft, AHIP, FMLA, Michelle. "One leg at a time: medical librarians and fake news". Journal of the Medical Library Association 112, nr 1 (11.01.2024): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2024.1858.

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While there has been recent media attention to the issue of “fake news,” misinformation and disinformation has been a lasting part of human history. This Janet Doe Lecture presents the history of fake news, how it is spread and accepted, its impact on medical and health information, and medical librarian roles in limiting its spread and promoting correct health information.

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Tao, Feng, i Yunyu Dang. "Virtuality, simulation and fake". Prometeica - Revista de Filosofía y Ciencias, Especial (11.08.2022): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34024/prometeica.2022.especial.13527.

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As a real-life application of a “virtual human,” virtual anchors refer to the application of virtual reality technology in communication hosting to create virtual images that simulate human anchors. The pursuit of a virtual human image originates from philosophy, art, and biotechnology. Virtual anchors are also required to undertake the function of communication and hosting. First, by sorting out the development process of virtual anchors, we find that the development of a virtual anchor is based on the needs of technological development and the purpose of capital profit. Second, the simulation technology of a virtual anchor has five dimensions, such as appearance, individuality, and autonomy, and two levels: internal and external. This simulation technology has reached the intelligent simulation stage. Finally, the technology involved in virtual anchors will lead to a trust crisis. That is, the people's body-mind relation and cognitive trust will be broken under the mediation of data. Virtual technology will recreate a false aura, that is, false space-time and fake original works, which is the intelligent falsehood required by the new cultural industry.

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Niedringhaus, Kristina L. "Information Literacy in a Fake/False News World: Why Does it Matter and How Does it Spread?" International Journal of Legal Information 46, nr 2 (lipiec 2018): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jli.2018.26.

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Now that we have a better understanding of the history and context of fake news, I am going to discuss why fake news and combatting it matters and how the recent rise of fake news correlates with a change in how society views expertise. I will also share the recently released results of a huge research project examining how fake news spreads.

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29

Zieger, Susan. "Fake goods". Finance and Society 9, nr 1 (22.03.2023): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/finsoc.8096.

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The early 2020s commonplace that everything seems unreal is a material truth. Advances in logistics are generating more counterfeits. Blockchain technology promises to help stem the deluge of counterfeit products, but the Blockchain dream also reminds us that logistics is an imperfect performative art. The material good becomes the unreal figure, while airy speculation assumes greater predictability. All that is solid melts into air, but all that is air comes back to the ground.

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Huy, Dinh Tran Ngoc, Le Huong Hoa, Bui Thi Thu i Dinh Tran Ngoc Hien. "K.Marx-Engels and Ho Chi Minh Viewpoints on Journalism - and Two Fake News Publishing Cases of Thanhnien.vn and Tuoitre.vn (Online Magazines) in Vietnam and Lessons from Indonesia, Japan Approaches". Journal La Sociale 3, nr 3 (20.06.2022): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v3i3.641.

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In this paper, by using qualitative analytical analysis with 2 case examples of Thanh nien and Tuoi tre newspapers (online) in Vietnam, in which there are history of publishing fakes news online from 2015, 2016, 2018, 2022 (with very bad editors Nguyen Ngoc Toan and Dang Thi Phuong Thao), as well as giaoduc.edu.vn and vietnamnet.vn in 2022 so we will address some points in this study based on answers for question: “What are regulatory lessons from Indonesia and Japan approaches on publishing fake news?”. We would suggest that there are penalties for negative behaviors of posting fake news online (any fake information) in the context of covid 19 epidemic. Tapsell (2019) defined ‘hoax news’ as similar to the more globally recognized term ‘fake news’: material deliberately fabricated and masqueraded as truth. At last, we will draw some lessons from K.Marx and Ho Chi Minh viewpoints on journalism for educating young generation in emerging markets such as Vietnam.

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Jeffries, Shellie, John Kroondyk, Francine Paolini i Christina Radisauskas. "Says who? Librarians tackle fake news". College & Research Libraries News 78, nr 10 (3.11.2017): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.78.10.538.

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Like many, the librarians at Aquinas College were concerned about the impact that fake—and just plain inaccurate—news had on the political discourse surrounding the 2016 election. Our concerns intensified when, on the heels of the election, the Stanford History Education Group (SHEG) released a study (Evaluating Information: The Cornerstone of Civic Online Reasoning) that revealed the difficulties many students have in distinguishing between real facts and erroneous information.

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Stafford, Emma J. "THE BOSTON FAKE GODDES?" Classical Review 53, nr 2 (październik 2003): 481–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cr/53.2.481.

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Goldschmitt. "The Long History of the 2017 Spotify “Fake Music” Scandal". American Music 38, nr 2 (2020): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/americanmusic.38.2.0131.

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Tripp, Steven Elliott. "Fake History? Charles Leerhsen and the Redemption of Ty Cobb". NINE: A Journal of Baseball History and Culture 26, nr 1-2 (2017): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nin.2017.0027.

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Gorbach, Julien. "Not Your Grandpa's Hoax: A Comparative History of Fake News". American Journalism 35, nr 2 (3.04.2018): 236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2018.1457915.

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Mathews, Jana. "The Museum of the Bible’s “Fake” History of the Bible". Material Religion 15, nr 1 (styczeń 2019): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17432200.2018.1535017.

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Zhang, Rong, Rang-Ding Wang, Li-Jun Guo i Bao-Chuan Jiang. "High-quality JPEG compression history detection for fake uncompressed images". Journal of Electronic Imaging 26, nr 3 (29.06.2017): 033028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jei.26.3.033028.

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Russell Frank. "Fake News vs. “Foke” News: A Brief, Personal, Recent History". Journal of American Folklore 131, nr 522 (2018): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jamerfolk.131.522.0379.

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May, E. S. "Identifying and Countering Fake News in Mass Media". Communicology 11, nr 2 (28.06.2023): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21453/2311-3065-2023-11-2-41-52.

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The relevance of the study comes from the growing polarization of public opinion caused by numerous conflicting reports in both Russian and foreign media on various topics, ranging from the conflict in Ukraine to morbidity statistics and promotion of vaccination during the pandemic. Fake news are the subject of investigations in media channels and among popular bloggers. The study is aimed to identify the methods for detecting fakes in the media. Hence, the author provides a review of the Russian and foreign journals and Internet content on the topic and conceptualizes the definition of “fake news”. Based on the study of practical cases of spreading fakes – in history and in modern media – the author provides the matrix of the main channels and motives for the dissemination of fakes and identifies the tools for verifying the authenticity of media content.

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Rounce, A. "Proving a Fake". Eighteenth-Century Life 34, nr 3 (27.09.2010): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00982601-2010-002.

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Vickers, Adrian. "�Fake News� about the Indonesian Past". Journal Of Global Strategic Studies 2, nr 1 (27.06.2022): 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36859/jgss.v2i1.1000.

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After the fall of the authoritarian Soeharto Regime in 1998, new versions and theories about history emerged in Indonesia. Some of these, such as theories about the origins of the nationalist movement to overthrow Dutch colonial rule, were based on sources going back to the 1950s. The case of the origins of the nationalist movement demonstrates how alternative versions of �truth� can be mobilised for political ends. It also demonstrates how Islamic movements have re-centred themselves in Indonesia political and social life.

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Smolenskiy, Mikhail, i Nikolay Levshin. "Applications of artificial intelligence to identify fake accounts: Psychological and legal aspects". BIO Web of Conferences 113 (2024): 06023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411306023.

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This article analyzes the threats posed by the proliferation of fake accounts in today's information society. The authors consider the history of the emergence and development of this problem, as well as the ways proposed by governments and the international scientific community to address it. In search of a viable solution, they compare various methods for limiting the spread of fake accounts. They suggest using artificial intelligence technology as a promising alternative. As a training basis for AI, the authors propose analyzing the behavioral motivations of those who create fake accounts, in order to utilize a trained behavioral analytics system to combat fakes automatically. Along with key principles for using behavioral metrics, the authors provide various examples that illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of their proposed solution. Special attention is paid to the legal aspects of implementing the proposed solution, as the process of detecting fake accounts is intricately linked to the processing of biometric and other personal data. The requirements for the storage and processing of personal data are becoming stricter every year. Therefore, in order to limit the spread of fake accounts, it is essential to find a solution that complies with information legislation.

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43

Gerstenblith, Patty. "Provenances: Real, Fake, and Questionable". International Journal of Cultural Property 26, nr 3 (sierpień 2019): 285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739119000171.

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Abstract:Provenance, the ownership history of an artifact or work of art, has become one of the primary mechanisms for determining the legal status and authenticity of a cultural object. Professional associations, including museum organizations, have adopted the “1970 standard” as a means to prevent the acquisition of an ancient object from promoting the looting of archaeological sites, which is driven by the economic gains realized through the international market. The Association of Art Museum Directors (AAMD), one of the museum world’s most influential professional organizations, requires its members to list the ancient artworks and artifacts that they have acquired after 2008 that do not conform to the 1970 standard in an online object registry. The study presented here of the AAMD’s Object Registry for New Acquisitions of Archaeological Material and Works of Ancient Art analyzes the extent to which AAMD member museums do not comply with the 1970 standard and, perhaps of greater significance, the weaknesses in the provenance information on which they rely in acquiring such works. I argue that systematic recurrences of inadequate provenance certitude are symptomatic of the larger problem of methodology and standards of evidence in claiming documented provenance. A museum’s acceptance of possibly unverifiable provenance documentation and, therefore, its acquisition of an object that may have been recently looted, in turn, impose a negative externality on society through the loss of information about our past caused by the looting of archaeological sites.

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Peters, Michael A. "Post-truth and fake news". Educational Philosophy and Theory 49, nr 6 (28.02.2017): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2017.1288782.

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Fage, J. D. "Hawkins' Hoax? A Sequel to “Drake's Fake”". History in Africa 18 (1991): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172055.

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English schoolchildren were once brought up on tales of the exploits of Drake and the two Hawkins, father and son, leaders of the English seafaring adventures who invaded the monopolies of Atlantic trade claimed by the Iberian monarchs, who signed Philip II's beard, and who eventually brought his great Armada to destruction. Strangely enough, some two centuries later the names Drake and Hawkins would seem to reappear in Atlantic history as those of two North American adventurers who sought to profit in the slave trade from West Africa.Not so long ago my friend and colleague T. C. McCaskie presented in History in Africa grounds for believing to be spurious inventions those parts of the published reminiscences of Richard Drake which deal with Asante, the great kingdom behind the Gold Coast (on which he may well have traded), and which he claimed to have visited in 1839. Unlikely though it may seem, there would also appear to be substantial grounds for believing that Joseph Hawkins' account of a trip into the interior of West Africa, which he claimed to have made from the Rio Nunez in 1795, is also at least in some measure an invention.

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Andreoli, Ilaria. "“Pensare il falso” : un percorso critico-bibliografico". Studiolo 11, nr 1 (2014): 16–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/studi.2014.951.

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Thinking the Fake : a Critical-Bibliographic Survey, In recent years falsification of works of art, in relation with questions of material and conceptual authenticity, sparked a growing interest among scholars, art market operators and academics as well as in the general press. The fake and its parent notions of copy, authenticity, originality and reproducibility of works of art are essential not only to the study of artistic practice and its reception but the history of art and of aesthetics. Using a selection of major publications in the field, the essay proposes a bibliographic survey that presents the different methods and concepts with which fakes in art have been approached by scholars.

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Sanches de Frias, Eliana, i Lizete Barbosa da Nóbrega. "PL das "Fake News"". Revista de Estudos Universitários - REU 47, nr 2 (17.12.2021): 363–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22484/2177-5788.2021v47n2p363-393.

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A crescente onda de desinformação contemporânea, alavancada por processos digitais de distribuição, atinge o debate público, afeta o ambiente democrático e desperta a necessidade urgente de regulamentação. A fim de contribuir com este debate, o artigo pretende fazer uma análise de conteúdo, baseada na metodologia de Bardin (1977), de dois momentos do Projeto da Lei Brasileira de Liberdade, Responsabilidade e Transparência na Internet, aprovado pelo Senado Federal em junho de 2020, para compreender qual o foco desta legislação no combate à disseminação de fake news e as principais mudanças entre o primeiro texto apresentado e a versão aprovada. Como resultado, apontamos o deslocamento de foco da regulação do conteúdo para outras abordagens.

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Zubair, Talat, Amana Raquib i Junaid Qadir. "Combating Fake News, Misinformation, and Machine Learning Generated Fakes: Insight's from the Islamic Ethical Tradition". ICR Journal 10, nr 2 (15.12.2019): 189–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v10i2.42.

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The growing trend of sharing and acquiring news through social media platforms and the World Wide Web has impacted individuals as well as societies, spreading misinformation and disinformation. This trend—along with rapid developments in the field of machine learning, particularly with the emergence of techniques such as deep learning that can be used to generate data—has grave political, social, ethical, security, and privacy implications for society. This paper discusses the technologies that have led to the rise of problems such as fake news articles, filter bubbles, social media bots, and deep-fake videos, and their implications, while providing insights from the Islamic ethical tradition that can aid in mitigating them. We view these technologies and artifacts through the Islamic lens, concluding that they violate the commandment of spreading truth and countering falsehood. We present a set of guidelines, with reference to Qur‘anic and Prophetic teachings and the practices of the early Muslim scholars, on countering deception, putting forward ideas on developing these technologies while keeping Islamic ethics in perspective.

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Sergey N., Il’chenko. "Fake and Reality of Our World". Humanitarian Vector 16, nr 4 (październik 2021): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-4-189-192.

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The article is a review of books by two foreign authors translated into Russian and published in 2020. The first of these is a popular science publication by Dutch fake researcher Annemarie Bohn. She uses the material of her national and foreign media to tell about the history of the emergence and nature of such a phenomenon of modern media culture as fake. At the same time, the author shows some bias in assessing a number of situations that have developed in recent years in the global information space. Nevertheless, this publication is quite adequate educational in nature, allowing you “to enter the topic” for those who want to learn more about fakes in journalism for the first time. The name of the author of the second peer-reviewed publication is already known to Russian readers. Robert Kiyosaki’s previous book Rich Dad Poor Dad, a world bestseller, was translated and published in Russia. In the new work, the Japanese-American continues a deep and comprehensive analysis of the modern American financial and monetary system. The author uses the concepts of fake and fake manipulation to expose, from his point of view, the imperfections of the existing US financial system.

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Mills, Catherine. "Paul David Blanc, Fake Silk: The Lethal History of Viscose Rayon". Social History of Medicine 31, nr 4 (23.08.2018): 898–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hky065.

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