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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Fair dealing"
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Colston, Catherine. "Fair Dealing: What is Fair?" Denning Law Journal 10, nr 1 (16.11.2012): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v10i1.252.
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Swan, C. "Photojournalism, fair use and fair dealing". Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 3, nr 1 (12.12.2007): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpm221.
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Shay, RM. "Fair deuce: An uneasy fair dealing-fair use duality". De Jure 49, nr 1 (2016): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2225-7160/2016/v49n1a7.
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Pantalony, Rina Elster. "Fair Use, Fair Dealing: will they survive?" Art Libraries Journal 26, nr 4 (2001): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200012451.
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A previous article by this author discussed an emerging phenomenon on the Internet. That is, how the law, by denying copyright protection to certain kinds of digital works, may have restricted access to such works instead of liberating them, as was initially intended by the judiciary. This absurd conclusion has resulted from owners whose works are no longer protected by copyright law, who have resorted to restrictive contractual provisions on-line to control access and use of their works. And in turn, owners of such content are still able to generate revenue by charging a subscription fee for the right to gain access to the information contained therein. The result is particularly troubling to end users of digital content. If copyright law is no longer applicable, then what of the Fair Use/Fair Dealing defences available to users of these works? Does this mean that these defences are not applicable either? Are users of such content completely at the mercy of the owners’ terms and conditions of use as dictated by click-on agreements and Rules of Use posted on Web sites? This article discusses the application of Fair Dealing and Fair Use to Internet-based works, by examining the legislative and judicial responses to the ambiguities in their intellectual property protection which new technologies create.
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Conaglen, Matthew. "A RE-APPRAISAL OF THE FIDUCIARY SELF-DEALING AND FAIR-DEALING RULES". Cambridge Law Journal 65, nr 2 (29.06.2006): 366–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000819730600715x.
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INTito v. Waddell (No. 2), Megarry V.-C. famously described, and differentiated, the two dealing rules, the “self-dealing rule” and the “fair-dealing rule”, that apply to those occupying fiduciary positions: The self-dealing rule is … that if a trustee sells the trust property to himself, the sale is voidable by any beneficiary ex debito justitiae, however fair the transaction. The fair-dealing rule is … that if a trustee purchases the beneficial interest of any of his beneficiaries, the transaction is not voidable ex debito justitiae, but can be set aside by the beneficiary unless the trustee can show that he has taken no advantage of his position and has made full disclosure to the beneficiary, and that the transaction is fair and honest.
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Latimer, Paul. "Disclosure and Fair Dealing by Stockbrokers". Anglo-American Law Review 18, nr 4 (wrzesień 1989): 335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147377958901800404.
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Brodie, D. "Fair Dealing and the Disciplinary Process". Industrial Law Journal 31, nr 3 (1.09.2002): 294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ilj/31.3.294.
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Crowne, Dr Emir. "Federal Court of Canada: York University’s fair dealing guidelines not fair". Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 12, nr 11 (3.10.2017): 893–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpx168.
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Caidi, Nadia, Alissa Centivany, Pam Samuelson i Michael Wolfe. "Envisioning how fair use and fair dealing might best facilitate scholarship". Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology 52, nr 1 (styczeń 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pra2.2015.145052010011.
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Tennant, Neil. "Sex and the Evolution of Fair-Dealing". Philosophy of Science 66, nr 3 (wrzesień 1999): 391–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/392694.
Pełny tekst źródłaRozprawy doktorskie na temat "Fair dealing"
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Shay, Richard Michael. "Users' entitlements under the fair dealing exceptions to copyright". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71691.
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Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.Includes bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis analyses current South African copyright law to ascertain the proper interpretation and application of the fair dealing provisions contained in the Copyright Act 98 of 1978. Copyright law ensures that authors’ works are not used without their consent, which they can grant subject to compensation or conditions attached to the use. Fair dealing exceptions allow the general public to use copyright works for certain purposes without the copyright owner’s consent and without paying compensation. These provisions are intended to balance copyright owners’ interests with the interest that members of the public have in using copyright works for socially beneficial purposes. These provisions typically allow the use of a copyright work for the purposes of research or private study, personal or private use, criticism and review, and news reporting. Unfortunately there is no South African case law concerning the fair dealing provisions, and the application of these exceptions remains unclear. This study aims to clarify the extent of application of the fair dealing exceptions to copyright infringement so that courts may be more willing to consider foreign and international law and in doing so develop South African intellectual property law. The social and economic policy considerations underlying the fair dealing exceptions are considered to determine their function. International conventions relating to copyright and neighbouring rights are examined, specifically the provisions allowing exceptions to copyright. The legislation and case law of Australia and the United Kingdom are analysed to determine the proper interpretation and application of these statutory defences. This knowledge is then used to inform South African law. The Copyright Act 98 of 1978 does not contain a fair dealing exception for parody and satire. Australian legislation does contain such an exception, and it is analysed in that context. An exception for parody is proposed for South African law, and the need for and application of this provision is considered. The constitutionality of the proposed exception is evaluated in terms of its impact on the constitutional property rights of copyright owners.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek Suid-Afrikaanse outeursreg om die behoorlike uitleg en toepassing van die “billike gebruik”-bepalings in die Wet op Outeursreg 98 van 1978 te bepaal. Outeursreg beskerm die werk van ʼn outeur teen ongemagtigde gebruik van haar intellektuele eiendom. Gebruik kan deur die outeur gemagtig word, òf teen vergoeding òf onderhewig aan bepaalde voorwaardes. Artikels 12-19B (die billike gebruik-bepalings) van die Wet op Outeursreg laat ander toe om sekere werke te gebruik sonder die toestemming van die eienaar van die werk en sonder om vergoeding te betaal. Die bepalings streef om ʼn balans te tref tussen die belange van die outeur en die belange van die publiek. ʼn Werk mag volgens hierdie bepalings tipies gebruik word vir die doeleindes van navorsing of private studie, persoonlike of private gebruik, beoordeling of resensie, of om nuus te rapporteer. Daar is tans geen Suid-Afrikaanse regspraak rakende hierdie uitsonderings nie, en hul toepassing is dus onseker. Hierdie tesis beoog om die werking van die billike gebruik-bepalings duidelik uiteen te sit om hoër gewilligheid in howe te skep om internasionale en buitelandse reg toe te pas, en sodoende Suid-Afrikaanse immateriële goederereg te ontwikkel. Die sosiale en ekonomiese beleidsoorwegings wat die bepalings ondersteun word geanaliseer om die doel daarvan te bepaal. Internasionale outeursreg-verdragte word bespreek om ʼn raamwerk vir die uitsonderings te skep. Wetgewing en regspraak van Australië en die Verenigde Koninkryk word ondersoek, en die kennis wat daar opgedoen word, word toegepas op die Suid-Afrikaanse bepalings. Die Wet op Outeursreg 98 van 1978 bevat geen uitsondering vir die doeleindes van parodie en satire nie. Die Australiese Wet op Outeursreg 63 van 1968 bevat wel so ʼn uitsondering, en dit word in hierdie verband beoordeel. ʼn Uitsondering vir parodie en satire word voorgestel en oorweeg in die konteks van Suid-Afrikaanse outeursreg. Die grondwetlikheid van die voorgestelde uitsondering word bepaal na aanleiding van die impak wat dit sal hê op outeurs se eiendomsreg.
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Craig, Carys. "Fair dealing and the purposes of copyright protection, an analysis of fair dealing in the copyright law of the United Kingdom and Canada". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq55897.pdf.
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Farnsworth, E. Allan. "Responsabilidad precontractual y acuerdos preliminares: fair dealing y fracaso en las negociaciones". THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2004. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/110087.
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Las negociaciones contractuales, a primera vista, parecen un simple juego de ofertas y aceptaciones, sobre las cuales se han escrito innumerables tratados teóricos y prácticos. Sin embargo, ¿qué sucede cuando las partes escapan a esta clásica forma de negociar y entran al campo de los acuerdos preliminares? Muy pocos son los autores que se han aventurado a opinar sobre el tema. En el presente artículo, el autor nos lleva através del intricado mundo de los acuerdos preliminares y las reglas que los rigen.Asimismo, nos explica los criterios de la responsabilidad precontractual y los casos enque ésta se aplica.
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Galopin, Benoît. "Les exceptions à usage public en droit d'auteur français". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA111006.
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Les exceptions au droit d’auteur sont une série de situations où il est retranché aux droits exclusifs de l’auteur, alors même que leur définition devrait conduire ceux-ci à s’appliquer. Les exceptions révèlent la philosophie d’un système de droit d’auteur ou de copyright. Le droit d’auteur français prévoit un ensemble fermé d’exceptions spécifiques, énumérées de façon expresse et exhaustive par la loi. Elles sont d’interprétation stricte par le juge. La présente thèse s’intéresse à ce système français d’exceptions, à ses imperfections et s’attache à rechercher de potentiels axes d’amélioration. Alors que la copie privée concentre souvent l’attention des commentateurs, il semble utile de s’intéresser à l’autre versant des exceptions, les exceptions à usage public qui, parce qu’elles réalisent la communication de l’œuvre au public, portent une atteinte assez directe au monopole. Le législateur français est appelé, lorsqu’il entend créer une exception, à exercer une « balance des intérêts » assez peu étudiée par la doctrine française. La première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à cette balance des intérêts législative, et à l’écart entre ce qu’elle devrait être, idéalement, et ce que les derniers travaux législatifs laissent paraître de sa réalité. Le second temps de l’étude se concentre sur la mise en œuvre des exceptions. Leur application classique, d’abord, qui fait appel à la fonction d’interprétation des textes par le juge dans ce qu’elle a de plus traditionnel. Mais également, ensuite, une nouvelle forme de mise en œuvre, qui a fait irruption sous l’ère numérique : la régulation des exceptions. Ce phénomène englobe la garantie des exceptions contre les mesures techniques de protection, ainsi que l’application du « test des trois étapes » par le jugeExceptions to copyright (or author’s right) are a set of situations which cut off into the exclusive rights of the author, whereas their definition should lead these to apply. Exceptions reveal the philosophy of a system of author’s right or copyright. French “droit d’auteur” provides for a closed set of purpose-specific exceptions, expressly and exhaustively listed in the law. They are construed strictly by the judge. The present thesis studies this French system of exceptions, its imperfections and looks for potential areas of improvement. While private copying usually concentrates the observers’ attention and comments, it seems useful to insist upon the other side of exceptions, the exceptions for public use, which, since they carry out the communication of the work to the public, encroach quite directly the authors’ privilege. When he envisions to create an exception, the French legislator is expected to exercise a “balance of interests” rarely studied by French doctrine. The first part of this thesis is devoted to this legislative balance of interests, and to the gap existing between what it should ideally be, and what the latest legislative works let appear of its reality. The second part of the study focuses on the implementation of exceptions. Firstly, their classical application, which conveys the function of texts interpretation by the judge in its most traditional features. Secondly, a new form of implementation, which appeared with the digital world: the regulation of exceptions. This phenomenon encompasses the safeguard of exceptions against protection of technological measures, as well as the application of the “three-step-test” by the judge
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Lwabukuna, Olivia. "Good faith and fair dealing in international commercial contracts : a quest for uniformity in application". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4657.
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This paper will cover the adoption of the concept in various instruments such as the Convention for the International sale of goods (CISG) in Article 7(1), the UCC of the United States, UNIDROIT in article 1.7, and the most important adoption on the European continent, the Principles of European Contract Law (PECL), specifically article 1: 202(1) and 1: 106 (1) of the principles. The question that will be raised and probably answered in the course of this paper is whether, the adoption of the concept of good faith and fair dealing has made a difference in international commercial contracts, the extent of its contribution, the hindrances faced, whether such problems can be addressed, how they can be addressed and finally whether uniformity in interpretation and application of the doctrine is maintained. Under domestic law, the adoption of good faith and fair dealing notion into various legal systems and its implementation and enforcement thereof will be looked into, an attempt will be made to determine the main reasons why some states refuse to adopt the doctrine, and whether adoption of the doctrine in such states would make a substantial impact on their legal systems. Under the approaches adopted by various domestic legal systems in incorporating the doctrine into their laws, and in trying to deduce whether uniformity in interpretation and application of the doctrine can be attained, the jurisdictions that will be looked into are; German, which is a pioneer when it comes to the adoption of the doctrine within the European Union. The German Treu und Glauben provides for such, and has been included in the BGB (German Civil Code). In the provisions of the BGB, one is not only required to act reasonably, but there must be a relationship of trust based on the commercial dealings of the parties in a particular transaction. It has been noticed that most European countries, for instance France and Italy have this similar approach towards the concept of good faith and fair dealing, of course there are always minor differences in every legal system, and these will be highlighted. England of course is an exception, and in this paper it will be considered separately. It is regarded different due to its historical background, thus the doctrine in England is approached differently, and there are limitations in its application. In the United States the doctrine of good faith and fair dealing has been adopted through the Uniform Commercial Code, section 1-203. This section unfortunately does not apply to the formation or negotiation of the contract. Numerous other sections seem to refer to the doctrine, even the Second Restatement on Contracts does touch on the concept. In fact it is the most recent re-enactment of some of the provisions in the Uniform Commercial Code. In the United States the doctrine basically applies to performance and enforcement in contracts. English law reluctantly recognizes a general duty to act in good faith, it arrives at similar results as those arrived at by other countries when it comes to the implementation of the doctrine, even though the avenues used are different. The starting point in English Law was the judgment of Justice Steyn in Banque Financiere and of course the judgment of Sir Thomas Bingham in the Interfoto case. The cause started by these judges was later fueled by the unwavering support of the European Community. Before long it had become accepted that the doctrine could not be ignored anymore in England, and slowly its inception began. Even though the concept is legally accepted, it has not yet managed to get complete acceptance from the English legal fraternity, it is still approached and applied with caution. This paper intends to discuss the reasons for such slow progress of the concept in England, and further compare the position to that of other European states. In South Africa the doctrine of good faith has existed for quite sometime, mostly referred to as bonae fides, a doctrine which played a great role in the development of Roman contract law, and further influenced the development of the principle of equity in civil law. But this did not give the doctrine of good faith formal acceptance in the South African legal system, it has over the years been regarded as an elusive concept which could only destabilize well established legal rules. Most judges regard the doctrine as a threat to their views on freedom of contract being an absolute basis of the law of contract. The concept was accepted in a couple of instances , for instance, in Eerste Nasionale Bank van Suidelike Africa Bpk v Saayman in 1997, it was later dismissed in Brisley v Drotsky, where it was held that the doctrine could not be accepted as a basis to set aside or enforce a contractual relationship. This was confirmed in Afrox Healthcare Bpk v Strydom in 2002, it is now settled that in South Africa, the concept of good faith cannot be used in dealing with cases involving contractual unfairness that cannot be handled by pre existing rules, but public policy can. This work intends to follow up on the development of the concept of good faith in South Africa, and the reasons for its subsequent dismissal in Drotsky, not forgetting to outline the doctrine's future in the country's legal system and the effects of dismissing such doctrine.
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Lamlert, Wariya, i n/a. "International Uncertainty in the Exceptions for Individual Use in Copyright Law: A Comparative Study of Australia and Thailand". University of Canberra. School of Law, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20080912.140432.
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The exceptions for individual use give rise to interesting and fundamental concerns drawing both international and national attention. There is uncertainty in the application of the individual use exceptions both in the international copyright treaties, particularly the three-step test of the Berne Convention, and in the national copyright legislation.
To have a better understanding of this concerns, this thesis aims to: investigate whether the exceptions for individual use can still maintain the balance of interests between the copyright holders and users; analyse the contribution that international copyright agreements and national copyright legislation may have made to assist in solving the conflict of interest between right holder countries and user countries in applying the exceptions for individual use; and conduct a comparative study of the application of the individual use exceptions in developed and developing countries.
The understandings that are found within this study are informed by relevant literature and by analysis of the application of the individual use exceptions. The thesis examines the application of the individual use exceptions in the international copyright treaties, namely, the Berne Convention, the TRIPS Agreement, and the WIPO Copyright Treaty in order to determine the appropriate ?balance? between the rights of owners and users in the three-step test. To explore the uncertainty in the individual use exceptions at the national level, a comparative case study is made between the exceptions for individual use in Australia, a developed country, and Thailand, a developing country.
The results of the study reveal three major answers. First, the exceptions for individual use are able to still maintain the balance of interest between right holders and users in the digital environment, if some amendments are made to keep pace with the digital environment. Secondly, to assist in the solution to the conflict of interest between right holder countries and user countries in applying the exceptions for individual use, the international copyright agreements can make a contribution by making some minor changes, mainly in the three-step test of the Berne Convention, and by continuing to provide special treatments for developing countries. Nationally, the contribution may be made by thoroughly protecting the right holders whilst also still allowing individual use by amending the copyright legislation to update to the digital age when necessary, enacting the relevant Acts, and establishing a collecting society.
Finally, from the comparison of the application of the exceptions for individual use as well as problems found and solutions proposed in developed and developing countries, in which Australia and Thailand are used as case studies, the comparison of the application of the exceptions for individual use can be divided into four categories: fair use exceptions (Australian fair dealing and Thai private use exceptions), free use exceptions, licences (Australian statutory licences and Thai compulsory licence), and limitation of legislative individual use provisions. In addition, the problem of different interpretations of the exceptions for individual use, the problem of conformity in the application of the exceptions for individual use according to the real purpose of the three-step test, which exists in Thailand, and the problem of response to the digital environment are all used as the frame for the comparison of the problems found and proposed solutions.
The findings of the study are significant as they can provide contributions to the copyright areas primarily in the legal aspect: amendment of the exceptions for individual use. In addition, they also contribute to the related aspect in the copyright areas: the economic aspect: the balance between developed and developing Countries; and the moral aspect: developing countries? development. In addition, the thesis proposes four useful recommendations to enable the balance of interest between the right holders and the users to be maintained: amendment of the wording in the three-step test of the Berne Convention, amendment of domestic copyright law and its exceptions for individual use, encouragement of the role of collective management organisations, and raising public awareness on the issue of copyright and its exceptions for individual use.
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Dinh, Thi Thanh Nhan. "Promoting innovation and development by rethinking the role of copyright limitations and exceptions in Vietnam". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/92606/1/Thi%20Thanh%20Nhan_Dinh_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examines how Vietnamese copyright law should develop to promote innovation and development in the digital age. It focuses on the important role of limitations and exceptions to copyright in encouraging access to and reuse of copyright material. This research provide important recommendations for how the scope of copyright limitations and exceptions might be expanded by adopting fair use in order to embrace new opportunities provided by the digital economy. Furthermore, it suggests that Vietnam should extend the scope of some important provisions that provide privileges for education, libraries and people with disabilities.
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Masango, Charles Akwe. "Contemporary copyright fair dealing management issues and their impact on access to information sources and services : South African academic libraries in the transition to the digital environment". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8727.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-205).This study investigated the perceptions of academic librarians, managers of consortia, users of digital content, and rights holders whether licensing agreements effectively inhibit access to digital content and whether there is a need to establish an equivalent to the fair dealing exemption in the digital environment. The protection that is accorded to digital content is complex. An empirical survey based on qualitative method was conducted in 2003 - 2004 in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, to examine whether licences inhibit access to digital content and whether an equivalent to the fair dealing exemption was necessary in the digital environment. Methodology used in the survey consisted of interviews from structured questions. Using grounded theory, certain perceptions and misconceptions were found in the interview responses. Thereafter it was possible to suggest that the debate as to whether licences inhibit access to digital content and whether an equivalent to the fair dealing exemption is needed in the digital environment is perhaps inconclusive. However, it is proposed that as licences theoretically inhibit access to digital content, it may be necessary for an equivalent to the fair dealing exemption to be instituted to balance the rights of rights holders with those of consumers of digital content. The new fair dealing exemption would be able to theoretically balance the alleged inhibition caused by licensing agreements.
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Šaduikytė, Julija. "Sąžiningumas ir sąžininga dalykinė praktika: teisės doktrina ir teismų praktika". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110124_124629-67460.
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Sąžiningumo ir sąžiningos dalykinės praktikos principas yra įtvirtintas kontinentinės teisės tradicijos valstybių doktrinose bei tarptautiniuose sutarčių teisę harmonizuojančiuose dokumentuose (UNIDROIT Principuose, PECL ir Europos civilinio kodekso projekte). Skirtingose valstybėse šiam principui suteikiamas skirtingas vaidmuo bei apimtis – Vokietijoje sąžiningumui skiriamas itin didelis dėmesys, o Prancūzijoje daugiau koncentruojamasi į šalių valią ir sąžiningumo doktrina yra nedaug išplėtota. Lietuvos 2001 m. Civilinio kodekso 6.158 straipsnyje įtvirtintas sąžiningumo ir sąžiningos dalykinės praktikos principas yra recepuotas iš UNIDROIT Principų 1.7 straipsnio. Sąžiningumo ir sąžiningos dalykinės praktikos principo turinio neįmanoma apibrėžti a priori – jis paliekamas suformuluoti teismams konkrečių aplinkybių kontekste. Lietuvos teisės doktrinoje yra beveik nenagrinėjamas sąžiningumo ir sąžiningos dalykinės praktikos principas bei jo aspektai. Manytina, kad, kaip ir UNIDROIT Principuose bei PECL, Lietuvos sutarčių teisėje šis principas turėtų būti suvokiamas objektyviąja prasme.
Sistemiškai aiškinant 2001 m. Civilinio kodekso nuostatas matyti, kad 1.5 straipsnį, kuriame įtvirtinti teisingumo, protingumo ir sąžiningumo principai, bei 6.158 straipsnio 1 dalį, kurioje įtvirtintas sąžiningumo ir sąžiningos dalykinės praktikos principas, sieja subordinacinis santykis. Šiame darbe daroma išvada, kad 1.5 straipsnis turėtų būti laikomas lex generalis, o 6.158 straipsnio 1 dalis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The principle of good faith and fair dealing is established in the doctrines of continental law tradition countries and the international documents harmonizing contract law (UNIDROIT Principles, PECL and European Civil Code project). This principle possesses different role and volume in different countries: in Germany, good faith is especially important, while France is more concentrated on the willpower of parties, while good faith doctrine is poorly developed. The good faith and fair dealing practice was receipted from UNIDROIT Principles, Article 1.7 and established in the Lithuanian Civil Code of 2001, Article 6.158. The content of good faith and fair dealing can hardy be described a priori – it is the courts to formulate them in the context of a definite situation. Good faith and fair dealing is not widely analysed in the doctrine of Lithuanian law. This principle is thought to be understood in the objective way, as it is in UNIDROIT Principles and PECL. According to systematic explanation of the Civil Code regulations of 2001, Article 1.5, which establishes the principles of justice, rationality and good faith and the Article 6.158, part 1, establishing the principle of good faith and fair dealing are in the subordinate relation with each other. This study concludes that the Article 1.5 must be considered as lex generalis, while the Article 6.158, Part 1, must be considered as lex specialis in relation to the Article 1.5. Thus the principle established in the Article 6... [to full text]
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Velander, Bruno. "Lojalitetsreciprocitet : En fråga om lojalitetsplikt vid lojalitetsbrott". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-343915.
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Framställan behandlar i vilken utsträckning den ena avtalspartens brott mot lojalitetsplikten medför att den andra avtalsparten får en, helt eller delvis, inskränkt lojalitetsplikt (lojalitetsreciprocitet). Då lojalitetsreciprocitet utgör en del av lojalitetsplikten är förståelsen för det senare institutet avgörande för att kunna analysera reciprociteten. Därför studeras även lojalitetspliktens innehåll och betydelse. Slutsatserna om reciprocitet grundas i stor utsträckning på avtalstyper där lojalitetsplikten är särskilt långtgående. Det medför slutsatserna störst betydelse vid en mer långtgående lojalitetsplikt. Emellertid gör slutsatserna anspråk på att vara så generella att de grunder och principer som fastställs för bedömningen har betydelse även vid en mindre långtgående lojalitetsplikt. Vidare studeras reciprociteten i förhållande till lojalitetsförpliktelser, vilka inte skiljer sig åt lika mycket mellan olika kontraktstyper. En fråga av stor vikt för lojalitetsreciprocitetens betydelseområde är om det kan anses föreligga en allmän lojalitetsplikt inom hela kontraktsrätten. Slutsatsen i den delen är att det föreligger en allmän lojalitetplikt inom varje kontraktstyp även om den är starkt varierande till sin omfattning. Det medför att lojalitetsreciprocitet får ett stort betydelseområde eftersom det då kan beaktas inom varje kontraktstyp avseende både den allmänna lojalitetsplikten och lojalitetsförpliktelserna. Föremålet för framställan, lojalitetsreciprocitet, analyseras dels utifrån förekommande lojalitetsreciprocitet inom ett antal utvalda kontraktstyper (bl.a. mellanmans-, samarbets- och företagsförsäkringsförhållanden), dels utifrån reciprocitet oberoende av kontraktstyp. Utifrån de reciprocitetsuttryck som finns i materialet fastställs generella ramar och principer för bedömningen av lojalitetsreciprocitet inom lojalitetsplikten i dess helhet. Slutsatserna visar att det finns många gemensamma överväganden och principer för bedömningen av lojalitetsreciprocitet. För det första finns det tre förutsättningar som är nödvändiga för att lojalitetsreciprocitet överhuvudtaget ska kunna föreligga: ett lojalitetsbrott, en ömsesidig lojalitetsplikt och att reciprociteten inte drabbar en tredje avtalspart. För det andra har det identifierats två förhållanden som är av störst vikt för lojalitetsreciprocitet: dels hur allvarligt lojalitetsbrottet är, dels i vilken omfattning reciprocitet skulle riskera onödig förstöring. Det förra har i sin tur funnits primärt vara beroende av den subjektiva skulden hos parten som begår lojalitetsbrottet, om denne varit i en överordnad ställning och hur långtgående lojalitetsplikten som inte efterlevdes var.För det tredje finns ett antal andra förhållanden som påverkar reciprociteten, bland annat: om skyddshänsyn avseende lojalitetssubjektet gör sig gällande, passivitet hos reciprocitetssubjektet och om annan lojalitetsbrottsverkan inträder.The essay seeks to determine the extent to which a breach of the obligation of good faith reducesthe corresponding obligation of the other party to the contract (reciprocity). To be able to graspthe meaning and analyze reciprocity it is necessary to understand the institute of good faith.Thus, the text firstly examines good faith in general, followed by an analysis of reciprocity withinthat institute. The paper is based on legal sources typified by strong obligation of good faith.Accordingly, the analysis primarily sheds light on areas where the obligations of good faith arefar-reaching. The general principles of reciprocity, however, are applicable across the board,regardless of how strong the obligations of good faith are. The study evaluates reciprocity inrelation to several types of contracts, but it also interprets reciprocity as a freestanding generalprinciple which is applicable to all contracts. The specific obligations of good faith undoubtedly fall within the scope of reciprocity. Arelated and important question, which needs to be addressed, is whether there is a generalobligation of good faith within all type of contracts. The subsequent answer determines theadditional scope of reciprocity. In this matter the essay concludes that the question should beanswered in the affirmative. There is a general obligation of good faith, but the strength of thatobligation varies considerably depending on the type of contract. The conclusion of the essay is that there are several general principles within reciprocity.Firstly, there are three prerequisites for reciprocity: (i) a breach of the obligation of good faith; (ii)a mutual obligation of good faith between the involved parties; and (iii) the rule that reciprocitycannot affect a third party. Secondly, the paper identifies that the following two questions are the most significantfactors in the assessment of reciprocity: how severe is the breach of good faith and to whichextent does it entail negative economic consequences? An essential aspect of the former question is whether the party responsible for the breachhad ill intent and, if so, the degree and severity of that ill intent. Another important factor iswhether the party responsible for the breach is in a superior position. Three further examples of factors relevant to the assessment are: when a vulnerable partyis responsible for the breach such circumstances can affect the possibility of reciprocity andmitigate the seriousness of the misconduct in question; occasions when the other party has failedto act (passivity); and when the responsible party suffers consequences in addition to reciprocity.
Książki na temat "Fair dealing"
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Holdstock, Mark. The Great Fair: Horse dealing at Ballinasloe. London: Souvenir Press, 1993.
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Khoury, Pierre Y. El. Le fair use et le fair dealing: Étude de droit comparé. Montréal: Éditions Thémis, 2007.
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Lanctot, Neil. Fair dealing and clean playing: The Hilldale Club and the development of Black professional baseball, 1910-1932. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland, 1994.
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Alberta. Committee on Fair Dealing in Consumer Savings and Investments. A blueprint for fairness: The report of the Committee on Fair Dealing in Consumer Savings and Investments. [Alberta]: The Committee, 1989.
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Wrede, Patricia C. Dealing with Dragons. San Diego: Jane Yolen Books, 1990.
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Wrede, Patricia C. Dealing with Dragons. San Diego: Magic Carpet Books, 2002.
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Wrede, Patricia C. Dealing with dragons. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1990.
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Wrede, Patricia C. Dealing with Dragons: A beautiful princess. A dangerously charming dragon. New Yor, USA: Scholastic Inc., by arrangement with Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1990.
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Nikolaychuk, Ol'ga. The Russian Far East: from a depressed region to the territory of the future. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1140664.
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The monograph presents the search for solutions to the problems of the Far Eastern region. The proximity of China and the remoteness from the center of Russia make us look for effective measures to overcome the problems of settling the Far East in the context of sustainable economic development of modern Russia. The paper analyzes the problems of the Far East: in industry, agriculture, forestry, energy problems, environmental problems, and provides recommendations for their solution. Considerable attention is paid to migration problems. The experience of China is studied through the prism of bilateral cooperation with Russia.
It is intended for students, masters, postgraduates, researchers dealing with issues of macroeconomic regulation and forecasting.
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Gripentrog-Schedel, Stephanie, Jens Kugele i Enno Edzard Popkes, red. Grenzarbeiten auf der Nulllinie. Kiel: Universitätsverlag Kiel | Kiel University Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.38072/978-3-928794-66-4.
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Nachdem Nahtoderfahrungen (NTE) im Diskurs westlicher Gesellschaften inzwischen kein Nischenthema mehr sind, sondern bereits vielfach medial rezipiert und verbreitet wurden und werden, sind die Potentiale der wissenschaftlichen Erforschung des Themas noch bei Weitem nicht ausgeschöpft. Dies mag nicht zuletzt etwas damit zu tun haben, dass die Auseinandersetzung mit NTE vielleicht mehr als andere Themen etablierte Wissenschaftsverständnisse herausfordert. Der vorliegende Band macht daher drei Vorschläge zur Neuperspektivierung des Themas und zur Fortsetzung der begonnenen Diskussion: Gefragt werden soll nach der Aushandlung von Grenzen, nach ›Nahtoderfahrungen‹ als einem wissenschaftlichen Konzept und nach den Potentialen interdisziplinärer Arbeit. Hierzu werden Beiträge aus unterschiedlichen wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen wie etwa der Religionswissenschaft, der Theologie, der Soziologie und der Medizin versammelt, die sich aus ihrer je fachspezifischen Sicht mit dem Thema auseinandersetzen. Since near-death experiences (NDEs) are no longer a niche topic in the discourse of Western societies, but have already been and are being widely received and disseminated in the media, the potentials of scientific research on the topic are far from being exhausted. This may have something to do, not least, with the fact that dealing with NDEs challenges established understandings of science perhaps more than other topics. The present anthology therefore makes three proposals for a new perspective on the topic and for continuing the discussion that has already begun: It will ask about the negotiation of boundaries, about ›near-death experiences‹ as a scientific concept, and about the potentials of interdisciplinary work. For this purpose, contributions from different scientific disciplines such as religious studies, theology, sociology, and medicine will be gathered, each of them dealing with the topic from their own specific view.
Części książek na temat "Fair dealing"
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Coombe, Rosemary J., Darren Wershler i Martin Zeilinger. "Introducing Dynamic Fair Dealing: Creating Canadian Digital Culture". W Dynamic Fair Dealing, 1–40. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442665613-001.
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Amani, Bita. "1 Copyright and Freedom of Expression: Fair Dealing between Work and Play". W Dynamic Fair Dealing, 43–55. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442665613-002.
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Boon, Marcus. "2 From the Right to Copy to Practices of Copying". W Dynamic Fair Dealing, 56–64. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442665613-003.
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Craig, Carys J. "3 The Canadian Public Domain: What, Where, and to What End?" W Dynamic Fair Dealing, 65–81. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442665613-004.
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Bucholz, Ren. "4 Dynamic Fair Dealing with Orphan Works: Lessons from “Real” Property". W Dynamic Fair Dealing, 82–89. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442665613-005.
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Asquith, Kyle. "5 Publicly Funded, Then Locked Away: The Work of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation". W Dynamic Fair Dealing, 90–99. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442665613-006.
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Maxwell, John W. "6 Resisting Enclosure: Licences, Authorship, and the Commons". W Dynamic Fair Dealing, 100–112. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442665613-007.
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Che, Eliot. "7 Weaving an Open Web: Innovation and Ethics in the Virtual Commons". W Dynamic Fair Dealing, 113–23. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442665613-008.
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Wagman, Ira, i Peter Urquhart. "8 “This Content Is Not Available in Your Region”: Geoblocking Culture in Canada". W Dynamic Fair Dealing, 124–32. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442665613-009.
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Anderson, Steve. "9 Net Neutrality and the Threat to Open Cultural Expression". W Dynamic Fair Dealing, 133–43. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442665613-010.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Fair dealing"
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Zhu, Huafei, i Bao Feng. "Light-Weight Fair-Dealing Infrastructures (FADIS) for M-Commerce". W 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2007.252.
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Piva, Fabio, i Ricardo Dahab. "Modern fair exchange protocol design: Dealing with complex digital items". W Simpósio Brasileiro de Segurança da Informação e de Sistemas Computacionais. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbseg.2013.19554.
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Fair exchange protocols are essential for ensuring fairness (i.e., atomicity) in exchanges concerning digital items between parties communicating through asynchronous channels. Although often regarded as generic bit streams, such items are usually complex artifacts that carry information relevant to a particular context – which may be of semantic, perceptual, legal, financial or functional nature, for instance – and reflect specific aspects that might interfere with the protocol designed for exchanging them. In this work we approach fair exchange protocol design by taking into account the intrinsic characteristics of digital items, as opposed to relying on the conventional generic bit stream assumption. Our discussion focuses on how several item properties may affect the exchange of digital items.
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Meurer, David M. "Towards a Dialogic Archive: Canadian Copyright Law, Digital Archives and Fair Dealing". W 2011 Second International Conference on Culture and Computing (Culture Computing). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/culture-computing.2011.19.
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Anuar, Astriyana, i Rohaizad M Norpiah. "Integrated Approach in Implementing Hydrate Management Strategies in Deepwater Gas Developments". W Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31582-ms.
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Abstract Hydrates have been a constant threat to subsea deepwater operations. Partial or total hydrate blockages usually occur after shutdown of a host facility, which invariably affects the resumption of production. The complexities of subsea production systems and extensiveness of deepwater fields present challenges in implementing hydrate management strategies. In the past, erroneous and ad-hoc strategies were implemented due to a lack of flow assurance (FA) awareness and understanding, resulting in production deferment caused by frequent hydrate formation/ blockages. Hydrate inhibition based on Mono-Ethylene Glycol (MEG) and Methanol (MeOH), if not properly understood and managed may lead to significant increases in a field's annual operating expenditure (OPEX). PETRONAS has gained a fair amount of experience in dealing with hydrates. The approaches taken in mitigating hydrate related issues in subsea developments have been exemplary and it is beneficial to be shared across the fraternities. These approaches will be discussed in detail throughout the article based on case studies from two subsea field developments: Field D Deepwater Gas Development and BG Gas Flowline at Field C
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Moon, Seok Ki, i Milan Stanko. "Early-Phase Offshore Hydrocarbon Field Planning Considering Environmental Factors and Using Integrated Asset Modeling". W ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-62400.
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Abstract This work discusses methods to quantify environmental indicators of development alternatives during the early design phase of offshore fields and how to include them in the selection process. The goal is to develop a decision-support method to: 1) evaluate field development alternatives of reduced environmental impact and 2) dealing with conflicting indicators such as economic value and environmental performance. A value chain model of a synthetic field located in the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) was created using an integrated asset modeling tool. The model computes the net present value (NPV) of the project and the amount of CO2 emissions based on the hydrocarbon production profile and the field energy consumption. Several cases and field development power supply alternatives such as open-cycle gas turbine (OCGT), combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT), power from shore and offshore wind farms are analyzed. It has been assumed that the gas turbine generates most of the CO2 and that the amounts of CO2 produced is a function of the field power consumption. The effect of the CO2 tax is included and studied. Results show that there are development alternatives that provide fair economic value while having low CO2 emissions. For the cases studied, the solutions with gas turbines have higher economic value than the solutions with power from shore and offshore wind farms, but emit large amounts of CO2. For solutions using gas turbine, a combined-cycle has less CO2 emission intensity (kgCO2/boe) than open-cycle, however, the energy intensity (kWh/boe) depended mainly on the amount of gas recycled and is highest for 75%. These indicators could allow field planners to evaluate and compare different field development concepts. Breakeven values of CO2 tax were determined for which the economic value of development with the gas turbine is equal to that of development with power from shore or offshore wind farms.
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Mora, Rafael G., Alan Murray, Joe Paviglianiti i Sara Abdollahi. "Dealing With Uncertainty in Pipeline Integrity and Rehabilitation". W 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64612.
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Determining the ongoing fitness for service of an energy transmission line, whether in response to an incident, or as part of a due diligence review involves conducting an engineering assessment. Many pipeline standards and regulations refer to such assessments without providing much detail as to their expected extent or proof of adequacy. This lack of clarity creates difficulties for both the pipeline operator and its governing regulatory body. This paper discusses measurement, modeling, and interpretation errors that could affect the validity of integrity assessments. As a first phase of this development, the paper introduces a case study that identifies the uncertainty effects of in-line inspection accuracies during the criticality assessment of reported metal loss anomalies that could fail by leak or rupture., Some technical approaches are proposed on how to deal with uncertainty in the development of integrity verification and rehabilitation programs when using in line inspection data.
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Hotz, Nico, Heng Pan, Costas P. Grigoropoulos i Seung H. Ko. "Exergetic Analysis of Solar-Powered Hybrid Energy Conversion and Storage Scenarios for Stationary Applications". W ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90255.
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The idea of this study is to investigate possibilities to use sunlight as the main energy source to generate and store electrical energy via different methods and technologies. Several systems consisting of photovoltaics, photoelectrolytic converters and solarthermal reformers in combination with fuel cells have been investigated in terms of efficiency and costs. A simple energetic approach would not account for these different kinds of energy and their differing availabilities (radiant, thermal, chemical, and electrical energy). To consider different forms of energy and compare them in a fair manner, exergy as the useful part of energy (the part that can theoretically be completely converted to work) provides a perfect instrument for dealing with complex energy conversion systems. In this study, four different scenarios have been investigated: Scenario A describes the direct conversion of sunlight to electricity by photovoltaics. The electric power is used in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer to split water to hydrogen which is stored in a pressure tank. A PEM fuel cell converts hydrogen to electricity on demand. Scenario B deals with a photoelectrolytic cell splitting water to hydrogen by solar irradiation combined with a storage tank and a fuel cell. In Scenario C, solar radiation is converted by photovoltaic cells to electricity which is stored in different types of batteries. Scenario D combines a methanol steam reformer heated by solar power with a PEM fuel cell to generate electricity. The reformate gas mixture can be stored at elevated pressure in a gas tank. In contrast to routes A–C, scenario D has two exergy inputs: Solar radiation and chemical exergy in form of methanol as fuel. All systems are analyzed for an average day in July and February in Central California, including a storage device sufficient to store the energy for one week. Scenario D reaches an overall exergetic efficiency of more than 25% in summer at the expense of an additional exergy input in the form of methanol. The exergetic efficiency of scenario C amounts to 10–17% in summer (4–6% in winter) depending on the battery type and scenarios A and B achieve less than 10% efficiency even in summer. The systems of scenarios A and C would cost around $20k–$45k per 1 kW average electricity generation during the day in July. Scenario D leads to significantly lower costs and scenario B is the most expensive design due to the current immaturity of photoelectrolytic devices.
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Toha, Rozaidi, Remy Azrai M Amin, Hairul Rajab, M. Mizuar Omar i Thanavathy Patma Nesan. "Unlocking Value Through Integrated Collaboration for Multiple Liquid Mud Plant Facilities in East Malaysia". W ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210802-ms.
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Abstract Liquid mud plant (LMP) is a special dedicated built facility within the supply base where oil and gas companies operate to provide treatment, mixing and storage of drilling and completion fluids. The service can also be extended for drilling waste management in certain liquid mud plants. Historically in East Malaysia, each operator developed and operated their own separate liquid mud plant at the supply base since 2002. This resulted to bigger operating cost to the drilling industry since each LMP may not be fully utilized to its full capacity all the time especially during the downturn of oil price. To date, there are four LMPs in Labuan which are LMP1, LMP2, LMP3 and LMP4. This has led the biggest operator in Malaysia to take lead in integrating all the LMPs to become one shared facility to support all drilling operations in East Malaysia and finally resulting to reducing the well cost. A new systematic agreement was designed by putting all the facilities under one roof with longer duration for better operating expenditures but was still flexible for multiple operators to supervise each of their own operations. The governing authority plays a significant role in ensuring that there will be equitable sharing mechanism among operators. A frequent monitoring was established for a structured optimization of the facilities due to the dynamic operation of drilling operations. An integrated technical steering committee was established for the specific supervision of LMP operation with all the operators to further optimize the shared resources by sharing of drilling fluids, minimizing new built of drilling fluids and expensive brines. The specific payment mechanism was developed for fair cost distribution among the operators. This required collaboration with multiple parties for creating a process flow for finance and tax purpose. The first ever integrated agreement for LMP was successfully established in August 2019 by securing good commercial value for the long-term, hence reducing the operating costs. This resulted to greater efficiencies and maximum utilization with the LMP. The process of farming in the contract by the operators has been simplified. However, the biggest hurdle was implementing the most equitable sharing mechanism with minimum tax exposure. Eventually, a sustainable payment mechanism has successfully been created whereby all operators would be dealing with contractors directly instead of going through one operator alone. This initiative has reduced the overall LMP costs to drilling operation by sharing the common facilities and resources. An integrated long-term agreement was established for best commercial value by the LMP operator. The farm in process has been simplified as each operator has also already included into the agreement hence it has improved the efficiency by 80%.
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Motte, Damien, i Robert Bjärnemo. "Dealing With the Combinatorial Explosion of the Morphological Matrix in a “Manual Engineering Design” Context". W ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12040.
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The morphological matrix is an important element of the engineering design methodology and is present in many textbooks. This method originally aimed at generating an exhaustive set of solutions for a given problem, by decomposing it into subproblems, finding solutions to each subproblem, and combining them. One issue associated with the morphological matrix has been the necessity to deal with the combinatorial explosions of solutions, especially at the conceptual design phase, when the still fuzzy nature of the design problem precludes the use of automated search for an optimal solution by means of specific algorithms (the “manual engineering design” context), apart from a few exceptions. Several heuristics based on the reduction of the number of combinations are investigated, and their efficiency is assessed. It is showed that the often-recommended compatibility matrix heuristic is the least efficient and can result in overlooking potentially interesting combinations. In fact all heuristics, even combined, generally fail to decrease the number of combinations to a level that can be handled by the designers, unless the original number of combinations is low. However, if one abandons the principle of an exhaustive investigation of the combinations in order to find the “best” solution, it can be showed statistically that the probability of ending up with a “good” concept among a very large number of combinations can be attained. Moreover, it is showed that the number of combinations one is willing to investigate also can contribute to increase this probability. Moreover the experience gained from the first round of investigation can serve as a guide to choose and assess other combinations. Based on those results, some recommendations for using the morphological matrix with all the different heuristics are given. Moreover, this paper discusses and relativizes the importance of the combinatorial explosion issue of morphological matrix compared with some other advantages and shortcomings of the method.
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Barnett, Ralph L. "The Doctrine of Manifest Danger and its Relationship to Reliability, Preventive Maintenance and Fail-Safe Design". W ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0060.
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Abstract “Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.”1 Man has made no observations that would challenge this notion from the Bible and certainly safeguarding systems fall into lockstep. Safety technology has responded to the reality of eventual degradation using four general approaches: reliability design, preventive maintenance, fail-safe design and danger manifestation. The optimum implementation of these approaches will still not eliminate accidents; indeed, no work of manor nature is or can be danger free. Nevertheless, these sophisticated approaches are capable of producing ever-increasing levels of safety, albeit, with attendant ever-increasing cost. It is at once unfortunate and unacceptable that common law2 is not equally sophisticated in dealing with the inevitable failure of safeguarding systems over time. This paper introduces The Doctrine of Manifest Danger which is defined as a design concept using direct cues or indicator devices to communicate to the community of users that the safety of a system has been compromised before injuries occur. Furthermore, the paper addresses a related legal issue by distinguishing between proximate cause and cause of action.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Fair dealing"
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Bylgaeva, A. A. EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY WAY OF DEALING WITH MOULDY HAY AND HAYLAGE IN THE FAR NORTH. МЦНС «Наука и Просвещение», 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/978-5-907023-2017-240-244.
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Ochiltree, Kasey, i Iulia Andreea Toma. Gender Analysis of the Impact of Recent Humanitarian Crises on Women, Men, Girls, and Boys in Puntland State in Somalia. Oxfam, KAALO, kwiecień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7482.
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Situated in a complex region of the world, Puntland State in Somalia is dealing with a range of threats and instabilities such as droughts, floods, locusts, the movement of internally displaced people (IDPs), and armed actors. COVID-19 has added yet another strain on its tremendously fragile infrastructure. The impact of the pandemic has been far reaching, affecting livelihoods and hampering unpaid and underpaid care work and responsibilities. The multitude of crises and rates of inflation have left the majority of families food insecure and without income, halted education and health services, and exacerbated existing vulnerabilities and the incidence of violence. This gender analysis was conducted and funded by the German Federal Foreign Office (GFFO), in partnership with Oxfam in Somalia and KAALO, to better help local government bodies, agencies, NGOs, and INGOs grasp the differentiated impact of the crises on women, men, boys, and girls, and host and IDP communities, during this time of intense loss and instability. The analysis provides an overview of the experiences of the affected communities, and gives recommendations on how to address immediate concerns and plan future programming.
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Price, Roz. Access to Climate Finance by Women and Marginalised Groups in the Global South. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), maj 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.083.
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This paper examines the issue of management of climate finance in the Global South. It acknowledges the efforts made by the various stakeholders so far but seeks to advance a clarion call for a more inclusive and targeted approach in dealing with climate change. The authors highlight the limited role played by least developed countries and small island developing states in contributing to the conversation on climate change. The authors emphasize the need for enhancing the role of the most vulnerable countries, marginalized groups, and indigenous peoples in the management of climate change. This rapid review focusses on the access to the Green Climate Fund by local civil society organisations (CSOs), indigenous peoples, and women organizations within the Global South. The authors observe that there still exist barriers to climate finance by local actors in the Global South. The authors note the need for more significant engagement of all local actors and the need to devolve climate finance to the lowest level possible to the most vulnerable groups. Particularly, climate finance should take into consideration gender equality in any mitigation measures. The paper also highlights the benefits of engaging CSOs in the engagement of climate finance. The paper argues that local actors have the potential to deliver more targeted, context-relevant, and appropriate climate adaptation outcomes. This can be attributed to the growing movement for locally-led adaptation, a new paradigm where decisions over how, when, and where to adapt are led by communities and local actors. There is also a need to build capacities and strengthen institutions and organisations. Further, it is important to ensure transparency and equitable use and allocation of climate finance by all players.