Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Failures”
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Butler, Eamonn. "The Public Choice Analysis of Market Failures and Government Failures". Korea Public Choice Association 1, nr 1 (31.03.2022): 45–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.55795/jpc.2022.1.1.045.
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In recent years, the Public Choice School scholars argue that public policymaking has its own failures. Public Choice scholars pointed out that the people who make public decisions – politicians or bureaucrats - are in fact just as self-interested as anyone else. They are, after all, the same people; individuals do not suddenly become angels when they get a job in government. We call it ‘democracy’, but actually it is politics, and political interests to colour the whole process. People do not vote at elections out of ‘public interest’, but they vote to promote their own interests. The politicians and bureaucrats also have personal interests of their own. So the Public Choice School economists suggest that it might be better to leave the markets alone, rather than replace market failure by an even worse government failure.
Over the last few decades, the Public Choice School’s arguments have had a growing effect to explain real politics. In established democracies, there is more recognition of the private interests of legislators and bureaucrats, and of the need to restrain them. In addition, policies designed to restrain public decision making, inspired by the Public Choice School, are becoming more common. In this essay, I attempt to explain the Public Choice School’s main idea and various issues in a conceptual and critical way.
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Li, J.-P., i G. Thompson. "Mechanical failure analysis in a virtual reality environment". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 219, nr 3 (1.08.2005): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440805x28258.
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This paper is part of a research theme to develop methods that enhance risk assessment studies by the use of ‘automated’ failure analysis. The paper presents an approach to mechanical failure analysis and introduces a mechanical failure analysis module that can be used in a virtual reality (VR) environment. The module is used to analyse and predict failures in mechanical assemblies; it considers stress related failures within components, as well as failures due to component interactions. Mechanical failures are divided into two categories in this paper: material failures and interference failures. The former occur in components and the latter happen at the interface between components. Individual component failures can be analysed readily; a contribution of the mechanical failure analysis module is to predict interference failures. A mechanical failure analysis system that analyses and visualizes mechanical failures in a virtual environment has been developed. Two case studies demonstrate how the system carries out failure analysis and visualization as design parameters are changed.
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Mahniza, Melda, Syahron Lubis, Umar Mono i Ridwan Hanafiah. "Pragmatic Failure in the Subtitles of Moonlight Movie". Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics 5, nr 3 (29.12.2020): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.21462/jeltl.v5i3.463.
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<p><strong></strong><em>This paper aims to find out the types of pragmatic failures that can lead to incorrect understanding of meaning by the audience. Pragmatic failure in translation consists of two failures, namely: pragmalinguistic failure and sociopragmatic failure. Pragmalinguistic failures in translation are analyzed using speech act theory proposed by Searle and deixis theory proposed by Levinson. Sociopragmatic failures in translation are analyzed using the principle of cooperation theory proposed by Grice and the principle of politeness theory proposed by Brown and Levinson. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. One hundred seventy-six pragmatic failures are found in the subtitles of Moonlight movie, which is divided into one hundred thirty-six pragmalinguistic failures and forty sociopragmatic failures. Pragmalinguistic failures that occur are the failures to transfer speech acts and deixis of oral speech into subtitles. Sociopragmatic failures that occur are the failures to transfer principle of cooperation of oral speech into subtitles.</em></p>
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Joung, Junegak, Ki-Hun Kim i Kwangsoo Kim. "Data-Driven Approach to Dual Service Failure Monitoring From Negative Online Reviews: Managerial Perspective". SAGE Open 11, nr 1 (styczeń 2021): 215824402098824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020988249.
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Monitoring of dual service failures (e.g., trends in service failures and consecutive service failures) in business is emphasized for service quality management. Previous studies analyzing negative online reviews to conduct dual service failure monitoring from a managerial perspective are scarce. Numerous negative online reviews are useful sources for dual service failure monitoring because they can be easily collected at a low cost. This article proposes a data-driven approach to monitor service failure trends and consecutive service failures from negative online reviews. In the proposed approach, first a classifier is developed to categorize newly collected negative reviews into service failures by Latent Dirichlet allocation. Subsequently, a threshold value is provided to identify a new type of service failure, which was not achieved previously using a control chart. Finally, the probability of consecutive service failures is obtained by association rule mining. A case study of Uber is conducted to validate the proposed approach. The results exhibit that the proposed approach can perform dual service failure monitoring. This study can increase marketing intelligence for dynamic management of service failure and allow rapid responses to service failures.
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Louro, Miguel, i Luís Ferreira. "Underground MV Network Failures’ Waveform Characteristics—An Investigation". Energies 14, nr 5 (24.02.2021): 1216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051216.
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The authors seek to investigate the characteristics of outage-causing faults that can be observed in a short time frame after their occurrence: waveform of the voltages and currents. The aim is to identify which characteristics can be used to estimate the failure type immediately after its occurrence. This paper lays the groundwork to determine which features display a stronger relation to four failure types with the aim of using this information in a later work, not presented in this paper, aimed at designing a reliable failure type estimator from readily available data. This paper focuses on the most common failures of the underground cable MV networks in Portugal: cable insulation; cable joint; secondary substation busbar; and excavation-motivated failures. A set of 206 waveform records of real underground MV network failures was available for analysis. After investigating the waveforms, the authors identified seven waveform characteristics which can be used for failure type estimation. Fault type characteristics can be used to distinguish secondary substation failures from the remaining failure types. Fault evolution does not yield relevant information. Fault self-extinction phenomenon was not observed in excavation-caused failures. There are differences for self-extinction characteristics between secondary substation busbar failures and the cable insulation and joint failures. Fault inception instant and arc voltage are two characteristics which are shown to have a promising merit to the identification process of failure types. Finally, fault intra-cycle repetitive extinction results have been found to be very similar for cable insulation failures and joint failures, but otherwise different regarding the remaining failure types.
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Decker, Jennie J., Craig J. Dye, Ko Kurokawa i Charles J. C. Lloyd. "Effects of Display Failures and Symbol Rotation on Visual Search Using Dot-Matrix Symbols". Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, nr 19 (październik 1988): 1386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803201917.
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of display failures and rotation of dot-matrix symbols on visual search performance. The type of display failure (cell, horizontal line, vertical line), failure mode (ON, failures matched the symbols; OFF, failures matched the background), percentage of failures (0, 1, 2, 3, 4%), and rotation angle (0, 70, 105 degrees) were the variables examined. Results showed that displays which exhibit ON cell failures greater than 1% significantly affect search time performance. Cell failures degrade performance more than line failures. Search time and accuracy were best when symbols were oriented upright. The effects of display failures and rotation angle were found to be independent. Implications for display design and suggestions for quantifying the distortion due to rotation are discussed.
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Goulter, I. C., i A. Kazemi. "Spatial and temporal groupings of water main pipe breakage in Winnipeg". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 15, nr 1 (1.02.1988): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l88-010.
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The spatial and temporal patterns of water distribution pipe failure in the City of Winnipeg are examined. The failures are shown to be strongly clustered in space, where 22% of the total failures examined occur within 1 m of another failure and 46% occur within 20 m of another failure. A strong temporal clustering is also apparent, with 42% of all failures that occur within 1 m of another found also to occur within 1 day of the initial failure in the group. An exponential decrease in the marginal rates of failure with respect to both the temporal and spatial interval parameter is also observed. Earlier failures in a particular location appear to be an important key to assessing potential failures in that vicinity. These results suggest that a fruitful area for further examination for the reduction of failure rates is the change in the ground conditions resulting from an initial leak and its subsequent repair. Key words: failures, groupings, marginal rates, pipes, space, time, water distribution, Winnipeg.
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Cui, Yunhe, Qing Qian, Guowei Shen, Chun Guo i Saifei Li. "REVERT: A Network Failure Recovery Method for Data Center Networks". Electronics 9, nr 8 (23.07.2020): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081187.
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As a repository that holds computing facilities, storage facilities, network facilities and other facilities, the Software Defined Data Center (SDDC) can provide computing and storage resources for users. For a SDDC, it is important to provide continuous services for users. Hence, in order to achieve high reliability in Software Defined Data Center Networks (SDDCNs), a network failure recovery method for software defined data center networks (REVERT) is proposed to recover failures in SDDCNs. In REVERT, the network failures that occurred in SDDCNs are classified into three types, which are switch failure, failure of links among switches and failure of links between switches and servers. Specially, except recovering the switch failure and failure of links between switches, REVERT can also recover the failures of links between the switches and servers. To achieve that, a failure preprocessing method used to classify the network failures, a data structure for storing and finding the affected flows, a server cluster agent for communicating with the server clustering algorithm and a routing path calculation method are designed in REVERT. Meanwhile, REVERT has been implemented and evaluated on RYU controller and Mininet using three routing algorithms. Compared with the link usage before recovering the network failures, when there are more than 200 flows in the network, the mean link usages only slightly increase at about 1.83 percent. More importantly, the evaluation results also demonstrate that except recovering switch failures, intra-topo link failures, REVERT has the ability of recovering failures of links between servers and edge switches successfully.
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Al-Ballam, Shaikha, Hamidreza Karami i Deepak Devegowda. "A Data-Based Reliability Analysis of ESP Failures in Oil Production Wells". Journal of Energy and Power Technology 04, nr 04 (14.11.2022): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/jept.2204036.
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Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) are one of the most widely used artificial lift methods in the petroleum industry. However, ESP failures are unanticipated and common occurrences with significant financial impacts for the operators. Analysis of the ESP performance and failures are essential in its design and optimization. This paper presents a statistical approach for diagnosing and evaluating the root causes of ESP failures. The analysis is based on the field data gathered from the surface and downhole ESP monitoring equipment over five years of production of 10 wells. Electrical failures are the most common general cause of ESP failures, accounting for 61% of all failures, followed by motor failure and gas locking. Specifically, power failure, under-voltage, voltage unbalance, and motor underload are the most common occurrences. The data trends are analyzed for the two weeks before each specific failure, and conclusions are made on the warning signs to predict failures. In addition, a Weibull statistical analysis model is constructed to evaluate the reliability features and estimate the ESP failure probability, allowing operators to perform preventive maintenance. The results provide guidelines for ESP operations and contribute to reducing or preventing ESP downtimes and operating costs.
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Kim, Jong-Hyeong, i SooCheong (Shawn) Jang. "Factors affecting memorability of service failures: a longitudinal analysis". International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 28, nr 8 (8.08.2016): 1676–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-10-2014-0516.
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Purpose This study aims to identify the influences that lead to better memorability of a service by focusing on type of service failure, recovery condition and frequency of occurring. Design/methodology/approach This study used a quasi-experimental design in which customers answered questions about a restaurant they had recently patronized and then evaluated experimentally generated failure and recovery scenarios. Two follow-up contacts were made (by phone and e-mail) to assess their memory of the imagined service failures stimulated by the scenarios. Participants were asked how clearly and vividly they could recollect the service failure and to indicate their behavioral intentions at the time of recall. Findings The type of service failure and the subsequent recovery efforts significantly affect whether negative service experiences are memorable. Specifically, individuals showed a higher likelihood of vividly recalling a core service failure than an interactional one. Moreover, service recoveries were found to be helpful in decreasing the memorability of service failures, and that they were effective in decreasing the resulting negative customer behavioral intentions (i.e. switching behaviors and negative word-of-mouth). However, frequently occurred service failures did not significantly influence the memorability of the failures. Practical implications The current study suggested what characteristics of service failures and situations lead to strong memorability and significantly affect future behavior. Thus, the findings provide important implications for avoiding and handling the failures that trigger strong memorability. Originality/value Previous researchers have emphasized on the importance and urgency of preventing critical service failures. However, it is still unclear what type of service failures and/or factors are critical ones. The current study expands the knowledge by incorporating service failures with memory and investigates the characteristics of memorable service failures, which are likely to be remembered more vividly.
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Anderson, F., R. Dawid, D. McMillan i D. García Cava. "On the Sensitivity of Wind Turbine Failure Rate Estimates to Failure Definitions". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2626, nr 1 (1.10.2023): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2626/1/012025.
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Abstract This study presents a wind turbine reliability analysis at the turbine and assembly level. It is concerned with the uncertainties associated with data-processing for wind turbine failure rate figures. These uncertainties are prominent in discussions of failure data in the literature. In particular, the influence of different failure definitions on failure rate estimates are investigated. The baseline estimate is 9.06 failures per turbine per year. This figure changes significantly when introducing a lower downtime limit, repair limit or limit on time between subsequent downtimes of the same turbine for a downtime event to be considered a failure. It changes significantly depending on which maintenance actions are categorised as corrective and by what data points represent an intervention. From the one dataset analysed here, results show derived failure rates ranging from below 1 failures per turbine per year to over 10 failures per turbine per year using failure definitions which have previously been used in the literature. When restricting failures to those that can be attributed to a particular assembly, the failure rate estimate reduces to 7.47 failures per turbine per year. Assemblies that fail the most are the frequency converter (at around 1 failures per turbine per year) and the cooling system (at around 0.9 failure per turbine per year). The gearbox, blades, yaw system and hydraulic group were the next most frequently failing assemblies.
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Sanghee, Park. "Politics or Bureaucratic Failures? Understanding the Dynamics of Policy Failures in Democratic Governance". Korean Journal of Policy Studies 36, nr 3 (30.09.2021): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps36303.
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This study seeks to advance our understanding of policy failures as the nexus of politics and bureaucratic failure. In doing so, it presents a typology to illustrate different types of policy failures by the degree of bureaucratic capacities and politics/political incentives involved in a policy problem, and explores two cases of such failures in South Korea. This study claims that policy failures are joint products of political and bureaucratic failures to varying degrees and that the discussion of both sides helps to enhance accountability and avoid political blame games and bureau-bashing. This study reflects on two Korean cases to demonstrate politically-driven and administratively-driven failures in the high- and low-capacity bureaucracy and their consequences. These cases also reveal the dynamic nature of policy failures moving from one category to another during the policy processes. The first case concerns the failure in emergency response of the Korea Coast Guard (KCG) during and after the sinking of the ferry MV Sewol. A low bureaucratic capacity and lack of motivation to fulfill their function may be the direct cause of the failure, which will be the focus of the discussion of bureaucratic failure. Yet, it also reveals aspects of political failures before and after the accident, where politicians have failed to provide a bureaucratic agency with autonomy and stacked the deck against a less salient agency for political or electoral gains. The second case discusses the politics of preliminary feasibility studies (PFS) required for major public projects. This case explores policy failures uniquely manifested in a highly capable bureaucracy, which shows how politics-laden issues plant the seeds of policy failures driven by the prompt implementation of flawed decisions. The discussion section further discusses key arguments and implications drawn from the case studies. The final section offers concluding thoughts and avenues for future research.
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Kane, Brian, i Peggi Clouston. "Tree Pulling Tests of Large Shade Trees in the Genus Acer". Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34, nr 2 (1.03.2008): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2008.013.
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Shade trees provide many benefits but can cause damage if they fail. Despite the potential for costly litigation that sometimes arises when damage occurs, there are no investigations of bending moments and stresses involved in failure of shade trees. Twenty-four shade trees of three species in the genus Acer were pulled to failure at a suburban property in Massachusetts, U.S. The maximum load and distance to failure were used to calculate maximum bending moment; stress at the point of failure was calculated from bending moment and stem cross-sectional dimensions. No trees uprooted, and failures were categorized as either stem at a lateral branch(es) or the attachment of codominant stems. Failures of codominant stems required one-half of the stress of stem failures. Similarly, failures of codominant stems occurred at only 45% of wood strength, whereas stem failures occurred at 79% of wood strength. Prediction of maximum bending moment from tree morphometric data was more reliable than prediction of maximum stress from tree morphometric data. Prediction of maximum bending moment and stress was more reliable for stem failures than codominant failures. Results are compared with similar tests on conifers. Implications of findings are discussed with respect to risk assessment of shade trees.
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Gould, S. J. F., F. A. Boulaire, S. Burn, X. L. Zhao i J. K. Kodikara. "Seasonal factors influencing the failure of buried water reticulation pipes". Water Science and Technology 63, nr 11 (1.06.2011): 2692–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.507.
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While the use of environmental factors in the analysis and prediction of failures of buried reticulation pipes in cold environments has been the focus of extensive work, the same cannot be said for failures occurring on pipes in other (non-freezing) environments. A novel analysis of pipe failures in such an environment is the subject of this paper. An exploratory statistical analysis was undertaken, identifying a peak in failure rates during mid to late summer. This peak was found to correspond to a peak in the rate of circumferential failures, whilst the rate of longitudinal failures remained constant. Investigation into the effect of climate on failure rates revealed that the peak in failure rates occurs due to differential soil movement as the result of shrinkage in expansive soils.
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Ashcraft, Adam B. "Are Banks Really Special? New Evidence from the FDIC-Induced Failure of Healthy Banks". American Economic Review 95, nr 5 (1.11.2005): 1712–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282805775014326.
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Recent bank failures are followed by significant and permanent negative declines in real county income. These declines are larger for small failures than for large failures per dollar of assets, are larger for bank failures than thrift failures, and are larger for bank closures than assisted mergers. More interestingly, the failure of even healthy banks has significant and permanent negative effects on economic activity.
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Lee, Seungyub, Sueyeun Oak, Donghwi Jung i Hwandon Jun. "Development of Failure Cause–Impact–Duration (CID) Plots for Water Supply and Distribution System Management". Water 11, nr 8 (18.08.2019): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081719.
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Understanding the impact and duration (consequences) of different component failures (cause) in a water supply and distribution system (WSDS) is a critical task for water utilities to develop effective preparation and response plans. During the last three decades, few efforts have been devoted to developing a visualization tool to display the relationship between the failure cause and its consequences. This study proposes two visualization methods to effectively show the relationship between the two failure entities: A failure cause–impact–duration (CID) plot, and a bubble plot. The former is drawn for an effective snapshot on the range (extent) of failure duration and the impact of different failures, whereas the latter provides failure frequency information. A simple and practical failure classification system is also introduced for producing the two proposed plots effectively. To verify the visualization schemes, we collected records of 331 WSDS component failures that occurred in South Korea between 1980 and 2018. Results showed that (1) the proposed CID plot can serve as a useful tool for identifying most minor and major WSDS failures, and (2) the proposed bubble plot is useful for determining significant component failures with respect to their failure consequences and occurrence likelihoods.
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Suzuki, Toshiaki, Hiroyuki Kubo, Hayato Hoshihara i Taro Ogawa. "Packet Transport Network Recovery System with Examination of Data Transmission Quality". International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 27, nr 03 (18.09.2019): 2050007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539320500072.
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A packet transport network recovery system based on failure pattern under examination of transmission quality is proposed. Network failures are segmented into one of the three patterns: single failure of a node, failures of multiple nodes, and failures of multiple network areas. The single failure is recovered by a protection scheme. For failures of multiple nodes or multiple areas, recovery is performed by a node-based multiple-backup operation plane scheme or by an area-based multiple-back operation plane scheme, respectively. A unique recovery ID is assigned to each failure pattern and backup paths with the recovery ID are stored in each node. When network failures occur, the network management server determines the type of failure and sends the appropriate recovery ID to the nodes. Then recovery paths are configured. Our proposed system took about 0.5[Formula: see text]s to configure 1000 backup paths after failures were detected, compared to about 4[Formula: see text]s by a conventional scheme. For the examination of data transmission quality, multiple paths that do not share the same link are grouped and configured concurrently. The number of groups is regarded as the performance of the configuration. The performance of the proposed system is about three times faster than a configuration without grouping.
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Du, Junmin, Padun Yunusi, Shuyang He i Peng Ke. "Comparing Response Behaviors to System-Limit and System-Malfunction Failures with Four Levels of Operational Proficiency". Applied Sciences 13, nr 14 (18.07.2023): 8304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148304.
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Commercial aircraft are becoming highly automated, but pilots must take control if automation systems fail. Failures can be due to known limitations (system-limit failures) or unforeseen malfunctions (system-malfunction failures). This study quantifies the impact of these failures on response performance and monitoring behavior, considering four levels of operational proficiency. In a flight simulator with pitch, roll, and yaw, 24 participants experienced both types of failures at different proficiency levels. The results showed that system-malfunction failure response times were 3.644, 2.471, 2.604, and 4.545 times longer than system-limit failure response times at proficiency levels 1 to 4. Monitoring behaviors (fixation duration, saccade duration, fixation rate) differed between failure types and proficiency levels. Considering these differences in response performance and monitoring behavior between failure types, it is important to differentiate between system-limit and system-malfunction failures in the literature and not overlook the influence of proficiency. Furthermore, due to the unpredictability of system-malfunctions, it is crucial to develop pilots’ psychological models and training theories regarding the operation of automated systems, fostering their core competency to excel in handling unknown situations.
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Strömbergsson, Daniel, Pär Marklund i Kim Berglund. "Increasing Wind Turbine Drivetrain Bearing Vibration Monitoring Detectability Using an Artificial Neural Network Implementation". Applied Sciences 11, nr 8 (16.04.2021): 3588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083588.
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The highest costs due to premature failures in wind turbine drivetrains are related to defects in the gearbox, with bearing failures being overrepresented. Vibration monitoring has been identified as the primary tool to detect and diagnose these types of failures. However, late or no signs of the failures are still being reported. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) has been shown to favourably be used as a classifier of bearing failures to increase the detection and diagnosis performance, which requires labelled data when training for all types of considered failures. However, less work has been done with an ANN used to create descriptive functions of the vibration and turbine operation data relationship and thereby negating inherent variance in the vibration data and increasing the detectability when a defect appears. Therefore, this study utilizes the relationship between the rotational speed recorded during a vibration measurement and the calculated condition indicator values of specific bearing failures in three wind turbine gearbox failures. An ANN establishes a function between the rotational speed and condition indicator values with healthy training data collected before the failure occurred. Thereafter, whole datasets leading up to the changing of the gearboxes is used to predict the condition indicator values without the failure influence. The difference between the predicted and true values show an increased sensitivity of the detection in two cases of gearbox output shaft bearing failures as well as indicating a planet bearing failure which with the previous data had gone undetected.
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Muhammad, Barzan Sabah, i Ismail Abdulrahman Abdulla. "Pragmatic Failures in Movie Subtitles: The Case of Kurdish Subtitles of Treasure Island". Journal of University of Raparin 11, nr 1 (9.07.2024): 188–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(11).no(1).paper9.
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Pragmatic failures are critical in movie translation as they affect the message of the movie. Pragmatic failure refers to the mismatches that may occur between speakers’ intended meaning and translators’ constructed meaning. The paper aims to investigate the nature of pragmatic failures in translating movie subtitles from English into Kurdish. It attempts to identify the factors that cause pragmatic failures and find out the types of failures in the selected movie. The data of the study are taken from the transcripts of the English adventure movie Treasure Island which has been translated into Kurdish. The English source text and the Kurdish subtitles were compared to find out the types and identify the causes of pragmatic failures. The paper draws upon Thomas’s (1983) category to classify pragmatic failures. The results of the study show that both types of pragmalinguistic failure and sociopragmatic failure are found in the movie which resulted from a lack of translator’s qualification in translation, a lack of pragmatic as well as cultural knowledge of both the source and target languages. It has also been found that pragmatic failures are failures of transferring speech acts from the source language to the target language that cause a lack of proper understanding of the source message. In other words, pragmatic failures are the result of mistranslation, under-translation, and over-translation errors which cause non-equivalency between the message in the source language and the one in the target language.
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Shimmi, Samiha, i Mona Rahimi. "On Association of Code Change Types and CI Build Failures in Software Repositories". European Journal of Information Technologies and Computer Science 4, nr 2 (30.06.2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/compute.2024.4.2.124.
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The software development process heavily relies on building systems, which are prone to frequent failures, particularly in continuous integration (CI) environments. In this study, we investigated the impact of major change types, both individually and collectively, on CI build failure rates. Specifically, we compared the contribution of changes stemming from different underlying reasons, such as functional requirement additions, bug fixes, enhancements, and dependency removals. Preliminary results revealed that adding new functionalities had a lower impact on CI failures compared to maintenance changes. Furthermore, we analyzed the characteristics of the ultimate changes to identify common features among the change types that contributed to failures. Subsequently, utilizing these identified features, we developed a mathematical model to predict failures based on the characteristics of the triggering change type. The trained model demonstrated a commendable performance, accurately identifying potential failure-inducing changes in the dataset, with a recall of 78% and precision of 53%. This research sheds light on the relationship between change types and CI build failures, highlighting the significance of maintenance changes in driving failures. The identification of common features among failure- contributing change types aids in understanding failure patterns and supports the development of preventive measures. The predictive model offers a practical tool for early detection and mitigation of potential failures, contributing to improved software development processes and the adoption of effective CI practices.
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Skaalsvik, Hugo. "Service failures in a cruise line context: Suggesting categorical schemes of service failures". European Journal of Tourism Research 4, nr 1 (1.03.2011): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v4i1.60.
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This paper reports a study on service failures carried out on the prestigious Norwegian Coastal Voyage (NCV) or the Hurtigruten which is the brand name. Service failures are studied from the perspective of the service employees. Seven tour conductors participated in the study and in the research personal, face-to-face, in-depth interviews were carried out using an interview guide as a data collection tool. The respondents provided descriptive accounts of 51 service failure incidents which were used to develop a classification scheme of service failures. The service failure classification scheme consists of two main categories: 1. Service failures on excursions; 2. Service failures on the ships (while at sea or at harbour). The paper describes and discusses a set of sub categories within the main categories. The case study may advance the knowledge field of service failures particularly relevant for a high contact service like a cruise operation.
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Shubinsky, I. В., i Hendrik Schäbe. "Errors, faults and failures". Dependability 21, nr 2 (2.06.2021): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2021-21-2-24-27.
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Aim. To harmonize the definitions of errors, faults, failures in the Russian and English languages. The Object of the paper is one of the most important subject matters of the dependability theory and functional safety. The Subject of the paper is the concepts and definitions of failures, errors, faults.Results of the research: analysis of the definitions of the concepts describing the dependability and functional safety of items in the Russian and international standards, such as GOST 27.002-2015, GOST R/IEC 61508-2012, IEC 60050, DIN 40041, as well as in publications by a number of authors. The analysis shows that failure is always associated with the loss of function, i.e., the ability to perform as required by all standards. It should be noted that wrong user expectation does qualify as failure. A failure should be distinguished from unintended functions. A fault is defined as a system’s inability to perform the required operation to the full extent that, under certain conditions, may escalate into a failure. An error as a discrepancy between a calculated, observed or measured value or condition and a true, specified or theoretically correct value or condition is a deviation that is present and, under certain conditions, would probably turn into a failure. A typical example is non-critical software errors. The so-called systematic failures are actually errors that can turn into critical errors (failures). Let us note that the definitions in the IEC 60050 international electrotechnical vocabulary can be used, as they show general agreement, which is not surprising for an international standard.
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Nakamura, Takafumi, i Kyoich Kijima. "Total System Intervention for System Failure". International Journal of Knowledge and Systems Science 2, nr 3 (lipiec 2011): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jkss.2011070104.
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In this paper, total system intervention for system failure (TSI for SF) is proposed for preventing further occurrences of system failures. TSI is a critical system practice for managing complex and differing viewpoints. First, the authors introduce meta-methodology called “system of system failures” (SOSF) as a common language among various stakeholders to improve their understanding of system failures. The actual application scenario is proposed: “TSI for SF.” The SOSF and related methodologies are used in the course of the subsequent discussion and debate to agree on who is responsible for the failure and identify the preventative measures to be applied. An application example in information and communication technologies engineering demonstrates that using the proposed “TSI for SF” helps prevent future system failures by learning from previous system failures. Three actions are identified for preventing further system failures: closing the gap between the stakeholders, introducing absolute goals, and enlarging system boundary.
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Vizentin, Goran, Goran Vukelic, Lech Murawski, Naman Recho i Josip Orovic. "Marine Propulsion System Failures—A Review". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, nr 9 (27.08.2020): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8090662.
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Failures of marine propulsion components or systems can lead to serious consequences for a vessel, cargo and the people onboard a ship. These consequences can be financial losses, delay in delivery time or a threat to safety of the people onboard. This is why it is necessary to learn about marine propulsion failures in order to prevent worst-case scenarios. This paper aims to provide a review of experimental, analytical and numerical methods used in the failure analysis of ship propulsion systems. In order to achieve that, the main causes and failure mechanisms are described and summarized. Commonly used experimental, numerical and analytical tools for failure analysis are given. Most indicative case studies of ship failures describe where the origin of failure lies in the ship propulsion failures (i.e., shaft lines, crankshaft, bearings, foundations). In order to learn from such failures, a holistic engineering approach is inevitable. This paper tries to give suggestions to improve existing design procedures with a goal of producing more reliable propulsion systems and taking care of operational conditions.
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Kececi, E. Faruk, Xidong Tang i Gang Tao. "Adaptive actuator failure compensation for redundant manipulators". Robotica 27, nr 1 (styczeń 2009): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574708004487.
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SUMMARYThis paper presents an adaptive actuator failure compensation method, which compensates for uncertainties due to unknown actuator failures for redundant manipulator systems. The method is first developed for manipulators whose joints are concurrently actuated. While physical realization of concurrently actuated manipulators and the advantages of their use have been understood before, in this paper failure modeling, controller structure, and adaptive update rules for handling uncertainties from the actuator failures are studied. The adaptive actuator failure compensation method is then expanded for a cooperating multiple manipulator system with uncertain actuator failures. Dynamic equations of such a multiple manipulator system in the task space are derived and the adaptive actuator failure compensation problem is formulated in the task space, for which a compensation controller structure is proposed with stable adaptive parameter update laws. The adaptive control scheme is able to compensate for the uncertainties of system parameters and actuator failures in a more general sense. For both cases, closed-loop system stability and asymptotic tracking are proved, despite uncertain system failures.
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Baş, C., A. N. Türkeri i M. A. Lacasse. "Building Facade Failures due to Rainwater Entry in Turkey". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, nr 2 (1.11.2022): 022011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/2/022011.
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Abstract Facade failures due to rainwater entry are common in Turkey although, few systematic studies have been completed to determine the types of defects and failures and their causes as would permit developing appropriate repair solutions. The intent of this study is to determine the types of defects and failures caused by rainwater ingress to building facades based on case studies of failure in Turkey. Thus, defects and failures can be characterized and classified, such that the most common types of failure can be revealed and adequate repair solutions proposed. A review of literature was conducted of studies undertaken in Turkey on rainwater entry and building defects. Additionally, field inspections were carried out for 16 public buildings in Istanbul and information regarding failures was gathered from local authorities. Based on data evaluated from previous research and field inspections, it was determined that majority of the buildings had cladding walls with stucco being the most common cladding material. Failures occurred in cladding facades with stucco included detachment of cladding, staining, and cracks; the most common failure was blistering and exfoliation. Air and rainwater leakage due to defects in sealants was the most common failure in buildings with panel and stick wall systems.
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Nimmagadda, Jagadish. "Retry Mechanisms for Handling Failures". International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, nr 6 (5.06.2024): 1133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24528082717.
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Osgood, Cornelius. "Failures". American Anthropologist 87, nr 2 (czerwiec 1985): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1985.87.2.02a00130.
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Volden, Craig. "Failures". State Politics & Policy Quarterly 16, nr 1 (2.07.2015): 44–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532440015588910.
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Liu, Hailin, Ling Xu, Mengning Yang, Meng Yan i Xiaohong Zhang. "Predicting Component Failures Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/562716.
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Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is a statistical topic model that has been widely used to abstract semantic information from software source code. Failure refers to an observable error in the program behavior. This work investigates whether semantic information and failures recorded in the history can be used to predict component failures. We use LDA to abstract topics from source code and a new metric (topic failure density) is proposed by mapping failures to these topics. Exploring the basic information of topics from neighboring versions of a system, we obtain a similarity matrix. Multiply the Topic Failure Density (TFD) by the similarity matrix to get the TFD of the next version. The prediction results achieve an average 77.8% agreement with the real failures by considering the top 3 and last 3 components descending ordered by the number of failures. We use the Spearman coefficient to measure the statistical correlation between the actual and estimated failure rate. The validation results range from 0.5342 to 0.8337 which beats the similar method. It suggests that our predictor based on similarity of topics does a fine job of component failure prediction.
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Wang, Wen Kai, i Huan Xin Peng. "Flocking Control under Virtual Leader-Follower with Link Failure". Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (listopad 2012): 1617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.1617.
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For time-delay, noise and network congestion in the communication among agents, there are random communication link failures among agents. In the paper, we analyze the distributed flocking algorithms under virtual leader-follower model with random communication link failures. Under virtual leader-follower model, flocking algorithm can avoid diverging, but the performance of flocking algorithm with link failure often degrades. We analyze the impact brought by link failures on the flocking algorithm when part agents can’t receive the information of the virtual leader, and simulations are done. Results show that the performance of distributed flocking algorithm depends on the probability of link failure. Smaller is the probability of link failures among multi-agents, better is the performance of flocking algorithms with link failure.
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Deguy, Michel. "Motifs towards a Poetics". Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series 21 (marzec 1987): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100003477.
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Contemporary poetry—true to the changes brought about by the poetics of modernity at the turn of the century—far from glorifying the ‘lyrical illusion’ and from favouring ‘romantic’ identifications with heroes standing ‘alone against all’, that madness of a subject believing himself to be the only exception to the law, had in fact to tone down its song, had to pull down its hopes, had to interiorize its failures in order to turn them into paradoxes … What failures? The failures of the poets who thought they were failing. Contemporary poetry has therefore to meditate the different figures of paradoxical failure (the failure that is in no way a simple failure); namely, to distinguish the failures of Baudelaire from that of Rimbaud, from that of Mallarmé …
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Deguy, Michel. "Motifs Towards a Poetics". Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series 21 (marzec 1987): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957042x00003473.
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Contemporary poetry—true to the changes brought about by the poetics of modernity at the turn of the century—far from glorifying the ‘lyrical illusion’ and from favouring ‘romantic’ identifications with heroes standing ‘alone against all’, that madness of a subject believing himself to be the only exception to the law, had in fact to tone down its song, had to pull down its hopes, had to interiorize its failures in order to turn them into paradoxes … What failures? The failures of the poets who thought they were failing. Contemporary poetry has therefore to meditate the different figures of paradoxical failure (the failure that is in no way a simple failure); namely, to distinguish the failures of Baudelaire from that of Rimbaud, from that of Mallarmé …
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Levinson, Daryl J. "Market Failures and Failures of Markets". Virginia Law Review 85, nr 8 (listopad 1999): 1745. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1073937.
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Goulart, Henrique M. D., Karin van der Wiel, Christian Folberth, Juraj Balkovic i Bart van den Hurk. "Storylines of weather-induced crop failure events under climate change". Earth System Dynamics 12, nr 4 (6.12.2021): 1503–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1503-2021.
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Abstract. Unfavourable weather is a common cause for crop failures all over the world. Whilst extreme weather conditions may cause extreme impacts, crop failure commonly is induced by the occurrence of multiple and combined anomalous meteorological drivers. For these cases, the explanation of conditions leading to crop failure is complex, as the links connecting weather and crop yield can be multiple and non-linear. Furthermore, climate change is likely to perturb the meteorological conditions, possibly altering the occurrences of crop failures or leading to unprecedented drivers of extreme impacts. The goal of this study is to identify important meteorological drivers that cause crop failures and to explore changes in crop failures due to global warming. For that, we focus on a historical failure event, the extreme low soybean production during the 2012 season in the midwestern US. We first train a random forest model to identify the most relevant meteorological drivers of historical crop failures and to predict crop failure probabilities. Second, we explore the influence of global warming on crop failures and on the structure of compound drivers. We use large ensembles from the EC-Earth global climate model, corresponding to present-day, pre-industrial +2 and 3 ∘C warming, respectively, to isolate the global warming component. Finally, we explore the meteorological conditions inductive for the 2012 crop failure and construct analogues of these failure conditions in future climate settings. We find that crop failures in the midwestern US are linked to low precipitation levels, and high temperature and diurnal temperature range (DTR) levels during July and August. Results suggest soybean failures are likely to increase with climate change. With more frequent warm years due to global warming, the joint hot–dry conditions leading to crop failures become mostly dependent on precipitation levels, reducing the importance of the relative compound contribution. While event analogues of the 2012 season are rare and not expected to increase, impact analogues show a significant increase in occurrence frequency under global warming, but for different combinations of the meteorological drivers than experienced in 2012. This has implications for assessment of the drivers of extreme impact events.
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Thelisson, Anne-Sophie. "Managing failure in the merger process: evidence from a case study". Journal of Business Strategy 42, nr 1 (24.02.2020): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-10-2019-0187.
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Purpose Despite their high number, most mergers end in failure. Academic studies of how these failures occur have remained rare, first, because of the difficulty of accessing the cases, and second, because of the difficulty of obtaining – for the purposes of qualitative analysis – objective and freely shared perceptions from the stakeholders, who tend to avoid speaking about failure. This is unfortunate, however, as failure can serve as a stimulus for organizational learning and readaptation for the future. Design/methodology/approach The author investigated how an organization managed failure during the post-merger integration stage. The author described the merger of two listed French companies using longitudinal data. Findings This in-depth case study provides new insights into failure during post-merger integration. The paper highlights the complexity of post-merger integration processes and the failures that the integration stakeholders had to address. The author underlined how they recognized failures and put into place solutions. They particularly highlighted two failures and how they were managed by the managers who acted as knowledge brokers within the new organization and by stakeholders who deconstructed the organization to ensure its future. Research limitations/implications The limitations are those concerning a single case study. Practical implications The paper identified trigger events in the merger process that prompted stakeholders to step in and manage and resolve failures during the integration period. Such triggers can be considered as steps for managers and stakeholders to solve organizational issues in the merger process. The paper highlighted the complexity of post-merger integration processes and the failures faced by integration stakeholders. The analysis thus contributes to an inclusive and integrative view of the challenges in this process. Social implications Despite their high number, merger and acquisition failures remain surprisingly high. This paper explored how stakeholders deal with failures by identifying which solutions are best adapted to their organization. Originality/value The case provides a vivid illustration of failure management during a merger process. Theoretical concepts and empirical findings from the literature are combined to present a single consistent picture.
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Renger, Ralph, Jirina Foltysova, Skyler Ienuso, Jessica Renger i Wayne Booze. "Evaluating System Cascading Failures". Evaluation Journal of Australasia 17, nr 2 (czerwiec 2017): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035719x1701700205.
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This article shares methods used to evaluate system cascading failures. A cascading failure occurs when a problem is passed from one subsystem to a downstream subsystem creating a domino effect that undermines system efficiency and effectiveness. First, the basics of system evaluation theory (SET) are reviewed. Then drawing on different examples from the evaluation of emergency response systems the article describes how a) standard operating procedures (SOPs) can be used to locate possible system cascading failure trigger points, and b) mock exercises and secondary data are used to evaluate these trigger points. The discussion highlights the need to expand SET's conceptualization to include within subsystem cascading failures in addition to between subsystem cascading failures. The extent to which program evaluation methods can be adapted for use in system evaluation is also discussed.
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Mahoney, Anne M., J. Thomas Dalby i Michael C. King. "Cognitive Failures and Stress". Psychological Reports 82, nr 3_suppl (czerwiec 1998): 1432–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.3c.1432.
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138 healthy volunteers in four age groups completed the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (Self and Other) as well as measures of attention, freedom from distractibility, daily stress, and trait-state anxiety. Self-reported and observed cognitive failures were strongly associated with stress and anxiety. Higher self-reported cognitive failure in one age group appeared tied to this finding. We discuss the usefulness of self-report of cognitive failures for neuropsychological practice.
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Price, Max, i Yitzchak Jaffe. "Ending the war on error: towards an archaeology of failure". Antiquity 97, nr 396 (grudzień 2023): 1598–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2023.120.
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Failure is a fundamental part of the human condition. While archaeologists readily identify large-scale failures, such as societal collapse and site abandonment, they less frequently consider the smaller failures of everyday life: the burning of a meal or planning errors during construction. Here, the authors argue that evidence for these smaller failures is abundant in the archaeological record but often ignored or omitted in interpretations. Closer examination of such evidence permits a more nuanced understanding both of the mundane and the larger-scale failures of the human past. Excluding failure from the interpretative toolbox obscures the reconstruction of past lives and is tantamount to denying the humanity of past peoples.
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MİNWUYELET, Ruhama, i Daniel TILAHUN. "Failure’s Severity Affecting Railway Operation Based on Sensitivity Analysis: A Case Study of Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit (AALRT)". International Journal of Engineering Technologies IJET 7, nr 4 (5.09.2022): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.19072/ijet.937150.
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Operation delays and trip cancelations affect the reliability of the operation and customer’s satisfaction. This review work adopts a case study of AALRTS operation system employing operation data and incident records of AALRTS. The purpose of this paper is assessing the failures frequency and the time it takes to get back to its operation aiming that how sensitive it is for the reliability of the operation. An extensive literature review has been used to approach the problem in which the sensitive failure`s analysis methods have been identified. The method that has been used to investigate the failure`s magnitude was sensitivity failure analysis by considering the case study of AALRTS. The method has been implemented to identify different failure modes through the analysis of the case how sensitive the failures are to the normal operation. The results that have been discovered from the analysis are: - the safety incidents and equipment failures are the major groups that affect the normal operation of AALRTS. When we go to the depth level-crossing incidents and power outages are the major sensitive failures (from safety incidents and equipment failures) that can reduce the reliability of the operation dramatically. Finally the researcher would like to recommend that giving a due attention for those sensitive failures might improve the reliability of the railway operation.
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Katti, Amogh, Giuseppe Di Fatta, Thomas Naughton i Christian Engelmann. "Epidemic failure detection and consensus for extreme parallelism". International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications 32, nr 5 (1.02.2017): 729–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094342017690910.
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Future extreme-scale high-performance computing systems will be required to work under frequent component failures. The MPI Forum’s User Level Failure Mitigation proposal has introduced an operation, MPI_Comm_shrink, to synchronize the alive processes on the list of failed processes, so that applications can continue to execute even in the presence of failures by adopting algorithm-based fault tolerance techniques. This MPI_Comm_shrink operation requires a failure detection and consensus algorithm. This paper presents three novel failure detection and consensus algorithms using Gossiping. Stochastic pinging is used to quickly detect failures during the execution of the algorithm, failures are then disseminated to all the fault-free processes in the system and consensus on the failures is detected using the three consensus techniques. The proposed algorithms were implemented and tested using the Extreme-scale Simulator. The results show that the stochastic pinging detects all the failures in the system. In all the algorithms, the number of Gossip cycles to achieve global consensus scales logarithmically with system size. The second algorithm also shows better scalability in terms of memory and network bandwidth usage and a perfect synchronization in achieving global consensus. The third approach is a three-phase distributed failure detection and consensus algorithm and provides consistency guarantees even in very large and extreme-scale systems while at the same time being memory and bandwidth efficient.
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Wang, Chenyuan, Yigang He, Chuankun Wang, Lie Li i Xiaoxin Wu. "Multi-Chip IGBT Module Failure Monitoring Based on Module Transconductance with Temperature Calibration". Electronics 9, nr 10 (23.09.2020): 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9101559.
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The Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) is the component with the highest failure rate in power converters, and its reliability is a critical issue in power electronics. IGBT module failure is largely caused by solder layer fatigue or bond wires fall-off. This paper proposes a multi-chip IGBT module failure monitoring method based on the module transconductance, which can accurately monitor IGBT module chip failures and bond wire failures. The paper first introduces the failure mechanism and module structure of the multi-chip IGBT module; then, it proposes a reliability model based on the module transconductance and analyzes the relationship between chip failure, bond wire failure, and the transmission characteristic curve of the IGBT module. Finally, the module transconductance under chip failure and bond wire failure is measured and calculated through simulation, and the temperature is calibrated, which can eliminate the influence of temperature on health monitoring. The results show that the method has a high sensitivity to chip failures and bond wire failures, can realize the failure monitoring of multi-chip IGBT modules, and is of great significance for improving the reliability of power converters.
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Polat, Tülay Korkusuz. "Using Principal Component Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks for Fault Type Forecasting in an Automotive Company". Academic Perspective Procedia 1, nr 1 (9.11.2018): 1110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.01.01.178.
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In this study, failures that occurred in the paint shop of an automotive company were discussed. The relationships between these failures and the probabilities of prospective occurrences were investigated. Any product produced in the company passes quality control at the end of production. Technical or operator-originated types of potential failures are examined during this control. Causes of failures in the paint shop and how they can be resolved pose a serious problem, just as in the other departments of the factory. This is because every failure encountered negatively influence the product quality and harm the company in terms of cost/productivity/image. The inability of the paint shop to predict the probability of failures in advance and its inability to establish a link between the types of failures also lead to its failure to pass quality control &mdash; which is the subsequent process &mdash; and cause its &ldquo;production quality score&rdquo; to fall, as well as other adversities. This study was carried out to determine which failures were usually caused by the activities in the paint shop and to develop a model that would predict the pass/fail state of the types of failures in question.
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Peacock-Chambers, Elizabeth, Peter Friedmann, Nancy Byatt, Nancy Suchman i Emily Feinberg. "4317 Using Failure Modes and Effects Analysis to Guide Adaptation of an Evidence-Based Parenting Program for Mothers with Substance Use Disorders". Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (czerwiec 2020): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.445.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To identify possible failures that could occur in the delivery of an evidence-based parenting program for mothers with substance use disorders (SUD) through existing home-visiting services, and to develop solutions to the most significant failures. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Using failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) methodology, we conducted two 2-hour advisory panel discussions with 15 people from a variety of disciplines and life experiences related to SUDs. The intervention delivery process included five steps: (1) Recruitment, (2) Screening, (3) Matching, (4) Enrollment in person, and (5) Intervention delivery. Participants collectively determined possible failures, causes, and consequences. Participants then agreed on three scores (Likert Scale 0-10) for the likelihood of occurrence, detection, and severity of the failure, with 10 being the highest likelihood, difficulty detecting, or severity. A risk priority number (RPN) was calculated as the product of the 3 scores (maximum RPN = 1,000). The group then identified possible solutions for failures with higher RPNs. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: For each step in the process we identified the following number of failure nodes and RPN scores: (1) recruitment: 13 failures; RPN = 800, (2) screening: 102 failures; RPN = 10, (3) matching: 4 failures: RPN = 490, (4) enrollment: 6 failures; RPN = 80, (5) delivery: 11 failures; RPN = 80. The most critical failures related to recruitment and were perceived as being caused by potential development of mistrust in the community. Participants strongly encouraged the use of “strengths-based language,” clear referral plans for mothers that did not qualify, and inclusion of mothers that did not have custody of their children. These findings resulted in changes to the screening script, enrollment procedures, and inclusion criterial for the program. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: FMEA methodology was particularly effective in identifying possible failures for the integration of an evidence-based parenting program into existing home-visiting services as they related to the psychological safety of mothers with SUDs. The process resulted in direct changes to procedures for the anticipated program integration and study.
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Rahmatul Khasanah. "PRAGMATIC FAILURE ISSUE: STUDENTS’ FAILURE TO RESPOND AN INVITING POLITELY". Lintang Songo : Jurnal Pendidikan 2, nr 1 (28.02.2019): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55732/jls.v2i1.272.
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The present study is conducted to investigate how non English department students produce pragmatic failures in responding the expressions, how do non English department students successfully respond to the pragmatics in responding to the expression and how do non English department students repair their pragmatic failure in responding the expressions. As the data analysis, the students’ answers of questionnaires and students’ answers of interviews are taken. This study uses descriptive qualitative method to analyze and interpret the results of questionnaires and interviews. The researcher believes that by studying the questionniares’ answers of non English department students and observing the students’ answers during interviews can answer the research questions. Pragmatic failures are the failure of non English department students to understand the intended meaning of some expressions. There are two kinds of pragmatic failures which produced by non English department students to respond the expressions are pragmalinguistic failures and sociopragmatic failures. From data analysis of producing pragmatic failures of non English department students, most of students fail to respond to the given contexts politely. Implicitly, the more they fail to respond the context, the more they produce sociopragmatic failures.
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Meir, Reshef, Moshe Tennenholtz, Yoram Bachrach i Peter Key. "Congestion Games with Agent Failures". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 26, nr 1 (20.09.2021): 1401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v26i1.8244.
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We propose a natural model for agent failures in congestion games. In our model, each of the agents may fail to participate in the game, introducing uncertainty regarding the set of active agents. We examine how such uncertainty may change the Nash equilibria (NE) of the game. We prove that although the perturbed game induced by the failure model is not always a congestion game, it still admits at least one pure Nash equilibrium. Then, we turn to examine the effect of failures on the maximal social cost in any NE of the perturbed game. We show that in the limit case where failure probability is negligible new equilibria never emerge, and that the social cost may decrease but it never increases. For the case of non-negligible failure probabilities, we provide a full characterization of the maximal impact of failures on the social cost under worst-case equilibrium outcomes.
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Wu, Wenbo, Lu Zhang, Hongyong Fu, Ke Wang i Xuzhi Li. "Safety Impact Analysis Considering Physical Failures and Cyber-Attacks for Mechanically Pumped Loop Systems (MPLs)". Sensors 22, nr 13 (24.06.2022): 4780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134780.
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As complex systems composed of physical and cyber components, mechanically pumped loop systems (MPLs) are vulnerable to both passive threats (e.g., physical failures) and active threats such as cyber-attacks launched on the network control systems. The impact of the aforementioned two threats on MPL operations is yet unknown, and there is no practical way to evaluate their severity. To assess the severity of the impact of physical failures and cyber-attacks on MPLs, a safety impact analysis framework based on Elman Neural Network (ENN) observers and the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) algorithm is suggested. The framework discusses three common attack and failure modes: sensor hard failure that occurs suddenly, sensor soft failure that occurs gradually over time, and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks that prevent communication between the controller and valve. Both sensor failures and DoS attacks render the system unsafe, according to simulation data. In comparison to DoS attacks, however, sensor failures, particularly soft failures, inflict the greatest harm to the MPLs. Furthermore, sensors engaged in global control, rather than those involved in local control, need additional protection.
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O'Rourke, PK, G. Fordyce, RG Holroyd i RM Sullivan. "Mortality, wastage, and lifetime productivity of Bos indicus cows under extensive grazing in northern Australia. 3. Comparison of culling strategies". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, nr 3 (1995): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950307.
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were evaluated for 2 herds at Swan's Lagoon in the northern speargrass region and 1 herd at Kidman Springs in the semi-arid tropics by editing the records from actual culling to simulate more stringent culling policies. The greatest impact was for young cows, with 13.6 and 27.5% of 2-year-old cows in the 2 herds at Swan's Lagoon failing to rear a calf, and 39.8% at Kidman Springs failing to rear a calf. The corresponding failure rates as 3-year-old cows were 48.1, 54.9, and 80.2%, respectively. Culling for 2 consecutive reproductive failures at Kidman Springs resulted in cumulative wastage of cows >60% by 4 years of age. Other strategies based on 1 or 2 failures had cumulative wastage 80% by 5 years of age and were too severe to be sustained in the harsh environment at Kidman Springs, with low productivity. At Swan's Lagoon, heifer replacement rates were 17.5-22.2% for strategies based on 2 failures and averaged 37.3% for a single reproductive failure but were 28.7% when failure as a 3-year-old was not penalised. At Kidman Springs, heifer replacement rates were 29.3% for 2 consecutive reproductive failures and reduced to 21.3% when 2-year-olds were retained but were very high (33.7-56.7%) for stricter culling strategies. With current branding rates, only culling on 2 reproductive failures in the speargrass region and extremely limited culling on 3 failures in the semi-arid tropics can be recommended as practical options. The lifetime number of calves reared from cows up to 10 years of age at Swan's Lagoon averaged 3.1 when culling was based on 2 failures and 2.2 for culling on a single failure; this increased to 2.8 calves reared when the strategy was relaxed for 3-year-olds. At Kidman Springs the number of calves reared was 2.3 with culling on 2 consecutive reproductive failures but was closer to the actual level at 2.9 when 2-year-old cows were not culled for reproductive failure.
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Antun Mikulecky. "TRANSFORMER BUSHINGS – FAILURE CASE STUDIES". Journal of Energy - Energija 61, nr 1-4 (19.07.2022): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2012611-4249.
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Relationship between bushing failure and transformer failure is discussed and, in regard of that, two bushing failure types are recognized: incipient bushing failure that does not result in transformer damage and terminal bushing failure having transformer failure as a consequence. It can be seen, that without applying the diagnostics, all bushing failures are terminal. Thirteen bushing failures have been analyzed regarding their cause, failure mechanism and consequences. In that sense, the ability and limitation of off line and on line diagnostics are discussed and some improvements are proposed. Some switchyard properties in the aspect of fire protection are indicated and, especially, the possible influence of rigid tubular connections on bushing failures. Beside mentioned design, service, condition diagnostics and other properties of all three condenser types of bushings are described in the paper.