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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Fading”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 26 stycznia 2023

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1

KRSTIĆ, DRAGANA, SUAD SULJOVIĆ, MIHAJLO STEFANOVIĆ, MUNEER MASADEH BANI YASSEIN i DANIJELA ALEKSIĆ. "New Results and Applications about the Level Crossing Rate of SC Receiver output Signal in the Presence of Gamma Shadowing and k-μ or Rician Multipath Fading". WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 20 (28.06.2021): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23201.2021.20.15.

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In this paper,the wireless communication system with dual SC receiver operating over shadowed multipath fading channel is considered. The multipath fadingis k-μor Rician.The received signal experiences the short term fading which is resulting in SC receiver envelope variation and Gamma long term fading resulting in SC receiver envelope power variation. The closed form expressions for joint probability density functions of SC receiver output signal envelope and their first derivative of SC receiver output signal envelope are calculated for both, k-μand Rician fading. These expressions are used for evaluation of average level crossing rate of SC receiver output signal envelopes. The numerical expressions are plotted to show the effect of Rician fading severity parameter and Gamma shadowing severity parameter on the average level crossing rate of SC receiver output signal envelope.

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2

Koch, Tobias, i Amos Lapidoth. "Gaussian Fading Is the Worst Fading". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 56, nr 3 (marzec 2010): 1158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2009.2039036.

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Lui, Tai-lok. "Fading Opportunities". China Perspectives 2014, nr 1 (1.03.2014): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives.6380.

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Mihailovich, Vasa D., Ivan V. Lalić i Francis R. Jones. "Fading Contact". World Literature Today 72, nr 2 (1998): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40153912.

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R. Morton, S. "Fading Fauna". Pacific Conservation Biology 3, nr 2 (1997): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970161.

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We should take heart from the fact that the continuing decline of the Australian fauna is now well known in public circles. The pressure of human activities remains a formidable problem for those interested in the conservation of our animals ? but at least now very many people know about it. For this reason, there are some grounds for discussing further documentation and discussion of the decline in a celebratory fashion, and it is in this mood that I read the most recent special issue of the Australian Zoologist. No longer are we, the specialists, shouting into the void. Now, many others are listening, and we can anticipate that gradually they will also be roused to action.

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6

Armstrong, Anna. "Fading forests". Nature Climate Change 1, nr 902 (29.01.2009): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/climate.2009.8.

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7

Wong, Raymond. "Fading traces". Construction Research and Innovation 4, nr 1 (marzec 2013): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20450249.2013.11873872.

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8

Nader, K., i S. H. Wang. "Fading in". Learning & Memory 13, nr 5 (1.09.2006): 530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.350906.

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9

Miller, Carlin J., Jeffrey H. Newcorn i Jeffrey M. Halperin. "Fading Memories". Journal of Attention Disorders 14, nr 1 (30.09.2009): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054709347189.

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Douglas, C. "Fading away". BMJ 319, nr 7219 (6.11.1999): 1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.319.7219.1277a.

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11

GutiÉrrez, GermÁn, i Thomas Philippon. "Fading Stars". AEA Papers and Proceedings 109 (1.05.2019): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20191065.

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We study the evolution of superstar firms in the US economy over the past 60 years. Contrary to common wisdom, superstar firms have not become larger or more productive but have become more profitable. The contribution of star firms to aggregate US productivity growth has fallen over time, from about 72 basis points per year before 2000 down to about 43 afterwards.

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12

Goodall, F. L. "Gas Fading". Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 51, nr 4 (22.10.2008): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1935.tb01863.x.

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13

WHITTAKER, C. M. "Fading Lamps". Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 73, nr 1 (22.10.2008): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1957.tb02155.x.

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14

O'Connor, Raymond J. "FADING MELODY". Sciences 31, nr 1 (2.01.1991): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2326-1951.1991.tb02278.x.

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15

Zhang, Jiahui. "Application of Rhino Modeling Software in Product Fading Surface Modeling Design from the Perspective of Computer". Mobile Information Systems 2022 (30.08.2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8794029.

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In order to improve the effectiveness of product fading surface modeling design, this paper puts forward an application research of rhino modeling software in product fading surface modeling design from the perspective of computer. First, this paper studies the optimization design of product fading surface modeling, establishes the visual image information processing model of product fading surface modeling design, carries out product fading surface modeling design according to the information fusion results, and puts forward the product fading surface modeling design method based on visual expression and surface fusion. Based on rhino modeling software, the visual communication design of product fading surface modeling design is carried out, the visual optimization control model of product fading surface modeling is established, and the optimization design of product fading surface modeling is realized by combining the block fusion matching method. The simulation experiment of product fading surface modeling design is carried out in rhino modeling software. Therefore, this method has good effect, strong visual communication ability, and short time cost.

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16

Gerhard, Wilfried. "The Fading of the Nation State". Connections: The Quarterly Journal 01, nr 3 (2002): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.01.3.11.

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17

Noga, Krystyna, i Beata Pałczyńska. "Overview of Fading Channel Modeling". International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 56, nr 4 (1.11.2010): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-010-0044-x.

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Overview of Fading Channel ModelingVisSim and LabVIEW based approaches are proposed and implemented to demonstrate fading in the communication systems. The introduction to fading, models for flat fading like Rayleigh, Weibull, Nakagami-mand the results of simulations are presented.

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18

Kumar B, Santhosh, i K. Ayyappa Swamy. "FPGA Implementation of a Nakagami-m fading channel Simulator using Random Number Generator". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 4, nr 1 (1.10.2016): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v4.i1.pp133-140.

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<p class="abstract">By realizing the concept of implementation of the radio propagation channels on simulators is the eminent intention of this work. Even though prototyping software simulators are effortless to design we prefer hardware simulators as they endeavors distinguishable quickness, compared to earlier. Prior to this work fading channels like Gaussian, Rayleigh and Rician fading channel simulators were executed on hard ware.(i.e. FPGA) The significant target of this attempt is to implement Nakagami-m fading channel on hardware as they preserved for unsubstantial consideration. While differentiating with other fading channels Nakagami-m fading channel acquires wide spread applications, as its capability of providing appropriate fit for practical fading data, as this is flexible through its size parameter ‘m’, over which representation of signal fading conditions that vary from serious to modest, to normal fading or no fading is accomplished . The proposed hardware simulator can hatches complex Nakagami variates after it was implemented on XilinxSpartan-xc3s500e-4fg320 FPGA. This is operated at 50MHz.</p>

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19

Lerwill, Andrew, Anna Brookes, Joyce H. Townsend, Stephen Hackney i Haida Liang. "Micro-fading spectrometry: investigating the wavelength specificity of fading". Applied Physics A 118, nr 2 (31.07.2014): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-014-8645-3.

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20

Mohammed, Hasan Fadhil, i Ghanim Abdulkareem Mughir. "Performance evaluation of 4-quadrature amplitude modulation over orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system in different fading channels scenarios". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, nr 5 (1.10.2022): 5123. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i5.pp5123-5135.

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<p>Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier modulation (MCM) technique that divides the wide bandwidth into parallel narrow bands, each of which is modulated by orthogonal subcarriers. Currently, OFDM is a high-spectral efficiency modulation technique that is used in a variety of wired and wireless applications. The transmitted signal in a wireless communication channel spreads from transmitter to receiver through multiple reflective paths. This triggers multipath fading, which causes variations in the received signal's amplitude and phase. Slow/fast and frequency-selective/frequency-nonselective are the main types of multipath fading channels. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed new models for modeling multipath fading channels, such as the exponential fading channel and the Gamma fading channel. In addition, new bit-error-rate (BER) derivations have been derived. The performance of the OFDM system over proposed channel models has been evaluated using Monte-Carlo simulation and compared to the Rayleigh fading channel model. The obtained results via simulations show that the exponential fading channel at a rate parameter (λ=0.5) outperforms the Rayleigh fading channel by 6 dB for all values of Eb/No, while the Gamma fading channel at (α=2) outperforms the Rayleigh fading channel by 3 dB for all values of Eb/No.</p>

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21

Heider, Inaam Abbas. "Improvement of Fading Channel Modeling Performance for Wireless Channel". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, nr 3 (1.06.2018): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i3.pp1451-1459.

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Fading channel modeling is generally defined as the variation of the attenuation of a signal with various variables. Time, geographical position, and radio frequency which is included. Fading is often modeled as a random process. Thus, a fading channel is a communication channel that experiences fading. In this paper, the proposed system presents a new design and simulate a wireless channel using Rayleigh channels. Rayleigh channels using two approaches (flat and frequency-selective fading channels) in order to calculate some path space loss efforts and analysis the performance of different wireless fading channel modeling. The results show that the bite error rate (BER) performance is dramatically improved in the value of signal to noise ratio (SNR) is equal to 45dB. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed method enhances the performance of fading channel modeling by reducing the error of BER when the SNR is reduced also. Moreover, the more accurate model is Rayleigh model which can be considered for developing fading channel model.

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22

Kim, Minhyuk, i Sekchin Chang. "A real-time locating system for localization of high-speed mobile objects". International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 14, nr 5 (maj 2018): 155014771877447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147718774475.

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This article addresses a novel real-time locating system for localization of high-speed mobile objects in fading environments. The proposed locating system exploits time difference of arrival measurements based on ultra-wideband signals. However, the ultra-wideband signals cause a frequency-selective fading due to their short time duration, which induces severe inter-symbol interference. Moreover, high-speed objects cause fast fading due to large Doppler spread. Therefore, the fading cases considerably reduce the localization performance. The presented locating system relies on a new localization approach in order to overcome the fading issues, which utilizes a modification of extended Kalman filtering. Especially, the suggested locating method works well even in the zero time difference of arrival case, which occurs due to a very deep fading. Experiment results verify that the proposed real-time locating system gives excellent localization performance in severe fading environments. The results also exhibit that the presented locating system is superior to the conventional locating systems in the localization of high-speed mobile objects under fading environments.

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23

Isaeva, E. A. "CONNECTION OF THE INTENSITY OF THE FLUX OF SCR PROTONS WITH THE VELOCITY OF THE CME AND WITH THE FADING OF THE RADIO EMISSION OF THE SUN IN THE DECAMETER RANGE". Odessa Astronomical Publications 34 (3.12.2021): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/1810-4215.2021.34.244256.

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The relationship between SCR and CME and with fading of the continuum of noise storms and typeIV radio bursts in the decameter range is investigated. It was shown earlier that about 60% of CMEs associated with solar proton events are accompanied by deep fading of the solar radio emission in the decameter range, which coin-cides in time with CME registration. It has also been shown that fading is characterized by fading depth, the frequency bandwidth in which the fading occurs, as well as the duration of the fading and the frequency at which the maximum fading depth is observed. Further detailed studies have shown that for proton events accompanied by fading of the solar radio emission in the decameter range, the relationship between the intensity of the SCR proton flux and the CME velocity is much worse than for events without fading of the solar radio emission in the decameter range. However, it was foundthat for such events, the relationship between the flux of SCR protons and the CME velocity significantly increases if we take into account the fading depth of the solar radio emission in the decameter range.Earlier in (Isaeva, 2019), the results of a study of the relationship between the intensity of fading of the continuum of noise storms with the parameters of X-ray bursts, with the CME velocity and the velocity of coronal shock waves, as well as with the intensity of the SCR proton flux were presented. This paper presents the results of studying the relationship between the intensity of the SCR proton flux withthe parameters of type II and IV radio bursts, as well as with the CME velocity and with the velocity of coronal shock waves, depending on the intensity of fading of the solar radio emission in the decameter range at a frequency of 27 MHz. The frequency of 27 MHz was chosen because in the region of this frequency the maximum fading depth of the solar radio emission in the decameter range is observed.

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24

Zhang, Runzhe, Eric Maggard, Yousun Bang, Minki Cho, Mark Shaw i Jan Allebach. "Color Text Fading Detection". Electronic Imaging 2021, nr 16 (18.01.2021): 253–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.16.color-253.

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The text fading defect is one of the most common defects in electrophotographic printers; and it dramatically affects print quality. It usually appears in a significant symbol Region of Interest (ROI), easily noticed by a user on his or her print. We can detect text fading by the density reduction for the black and white printed symbol ROI. It is difficult to detect the color text fading only by density reduction, because the depleted cartridge may only cause the color distortion without density reduction in the color printed symbol ROI. In our previous work with print quality defects analysis, the text fading detection method only works for black text fading defect detection [1]. Our new text fading method can detect the color text fading defect and predict the depleted cartridge. In this new text fading detection method, we use whole page image registration and the median threshold bitmap (MTB) matching method to align the text characters between the master and test symbol ROIs, because with the aligned text characters, it is easy to extract the difference between the master and the test text characters to detect the text fading defect. We use a support vector machine classifier to assign a rank to the overall quality of the printed page. We also use the gap statistic method with the K-means clustering algorithm to extract the different text characters’ different colors to predict the depleted cartridge.

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25

Chen, Wei, Yuanyuan Zou, Nan Xiao i Yugang Niu. "Quantized H∞ filtering for discrete-time systems over fading channels". Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 40, nr 10 (24.07.2017): 3115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331217714862.

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This paper addresses the problem of quantized [Formula: see text] filtering for multi-output discrete-time systems over independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) fading channels and Markov fading channels, respectively. The measurement outputs are quantized by a logarithmic quantizer, and then transmitted to the filter over fading channels. For the i.i.d. fading channels, the stochastic multiplicative noise form is used to model the unreliable communication environment. For the Markov fading channels, a set of Markov channel state processes is introduced to model time-varying fading channels, which characterizes various configurations of the physical communication environment and/or different channel fading amplitudes. The sufficient condition for stochastic stability with a prescribed [Formula: see text] performance is obtained by using a Lyapunov method and matrix decoupling technique. The corresponding filter design casts into a convex optimization problem. Finally, simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.

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26

Becoña, Elisardo, i M. Pilar García. "Nicotine Fading and Smokeholding Methods to Smoking Cessation1,2". Psychological Reports 73, nr 3_part_1 (grudzień 1993): 779–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00332941930733pt109.

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We tested a multicomponent behavioural package to stop smoking that contained nicotine fading and smokeholding techniques. 73 smokers were randomly assigned to one of five treatment programmes: (1) nicotine fading and cigarette fading, (2) nicotine fading and concurrent smokeholding, (3) nicotine fading and subsequent smokeholding, (4) a nonintensive smokeholding programme, and (5) an intensive smokeholding programme (daily sessions). Common components of the programmes were self-monitoring, information on smoking, stimulus control, CO feedback, and strategies to avoid withdrawal symptoms. Each treatment was carried out during a total of 10 sessions over 4 weeks (Treatments 1–4) or 2 weeks (Treatment 5). End-of-treatment quit rates ranged from 85% to 91%. At 12-mo. follow-up, the most effective package proved to have been nicotine fading and cigarette fading, with an abstinence rate of 57% as against 25 to 37% for the other treatments.

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27

Cheung, H. F., C. W. Kan, C. W. M. Yuen, J. Yip i M. C. Law. "Colour Fading of Textile Fabric by Plasma Treatment". Journal of Textiles 2013 (9.01.2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/214706.

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Colour fading of a reactive dye (C.I. Reactive Blue 19) dyed textile fabric was performed by atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) treatment with the use of plasma jet. Under the APP treatment condition of treatment time = 5 sec/mm; ignition power = 160 W; oxygen concentration = 1%; jet distance = 3 mm, significant colour-fading effect was achieved. For comparison purpose, the reactive dye dyed textile fabric was subjected to conventional enzymatic colour-fading process. Experimental results revealed that the APP-induced colour-fading effect was comparable with conventional enzymatic colour-fading process.

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28

Wang, Yue, Liang Chen, Li Zhang, Haifeng Li, Huaihu Cao i Jianming Zhu. "On Carrier Sensing Accuracy and Range Scaling Laws in Nakagami Fading Channels". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7189090.

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We make a detailed study on carrier sensing of 802.11 in Nakagami fading channels. We prove that to maximize sensing accuracy, the optimal channel accessing probability is solely determined by the path-loss SIR (Signal to Interference Ratio). We define pfail-interference range and pbusy-carrier sensing range for fading channels and prove that their scaling laws in Nakagami fading channels are similar to those in the static channel. The newly derived theoretical results show a unified property between the static and fading channels. By extensive simulations, we reveal that fading depresses the probability of a dominating transmission state, and therefore it can mitigate severe hidden and exposed terminal problems, but fading harms the average sensing accuracy for an optimally adjusted carrier sensing threshold.

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Kirkaldy, John, James A. Taylor i Niall McGinley. "Not Fading Away". Books Ireland, nr 282 (2006): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20624186.

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Jeldres, Julio A. "Cambodia's Fading Hopes". Journal of Democracy 7, nr 1 (1996): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jod.1996.0008.

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Miller, Ralph M. "The Fading Future". Comparative Education Review 31, nr 2 (maj 1987): 218–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/446678.

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Hansen, Shirley J. "The Fading Utility". Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment 20, nr 1 (lipiec 2000): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10485230009509525.

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Lewis, Sian. "Fading with time". Nature Reviews Neuroscience 14, nr 10 (20.09.2013): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn3605.

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Yacoub, Michel Daoud. "General Fading Distributions". Journal of Communication and Information Systems 17, nr 1 (2002): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14209/jcis.2002.9.

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Collins, Kathleen. "The fading photograph". History of Photography 10, nr 4 (październik 1986): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03087298.1986.10443751.

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This, Hervé. "Fading lemonade challenge". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 410, nr 25 (6.09.2018): 6339–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1291-4.

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Sakalli, Izzet, Mustafa Halilsoy i Hale Pasaoglu. "Fading Hawking radiation". Astrophysics and Space Science 340, nr 1 (29.02.2012): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10509-012-1028-3.

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Piercy, Marge. "The fading betrayal". Prairie Schooner 78, nr 1 (2004): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2004.0044.

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Nienhaus, Volker, i Arnd Busche. "A fading glory?" Intereconomics 38, nr 2 (marzec 2003): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03031772.

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Sitta, Salman Abu. "Fading Oslo Legacy". Journal of Palestine Studies 37, nr 1 (2007): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2007.37.1.113.

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HORTON, F. J., D. PATTERSON i F. J. RIZZO. "Photoconductivity and Fading". Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 92, nr 7 (22.10.2008): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1976.tb03292.x.

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Fewing, Ross, Timothy W. Kirk i Alan Meisel. "A Fading Decision". Hastings Center Report 44, nr 3 (maj 2014): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hast.309.

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Evanschitzky, Heiner, B. Ramaseshan, Michael K. Brady, Fazlul K. Rabbanee, Christian Brock i Joanna Pokorska‐Zare. "Consumer relationship fading". Psychology & Marketing 37, nr 6 (marzec 2020): 815–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mar.21343.

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Huang, Ying, Jing Lei, Baoguo Li i Erbao Li. "A Novel Concatenated Code for Fading Channel". International Journal of Future Computer and Communication 4, nr 4 (2015): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijfcc.2015.v4.389.

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Lin, Gu-Rong, i Stefan M. Moser. "The Fading Number of a Multiple-Access Rician Fading Channel". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 57, nr 8 (sierpień 2011): 4983–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2011.2158470.

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Dhaka, Arvind, i Siddhartha Chauhan. "Statistical Analysis of Modified Fading Simulator in Rayleigh Fading Environment". International Journal of Grid and Distributed Computing 11, nr 4 (30.04.2018): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijgdc.2018.11.4.06.

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Lopez-Martinez, F. Javier, Jose F. Paris i Juan M. Romero-Jerez. "The $\kappa$- $\mu$ Shadowed Fading Model With Integer Fading Parameters". IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 66, nr 9 (wrzesień 2017): 7653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2017.2678430.

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Morris, Hannah R., i Paul M. Whitmore. "“Virtual Fading” of Art Objects: Simulating the Future Fading of Artifacts by Visualizing Micro-Fading Test Results". Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 46, nr 3 (styczeń 2007): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/019713607806112279.

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Bhutto, Zuhaibuddin, i Wonyong Yoon. "Dual-Hop Cooperative Relaying with Beamforming Under Adaptive Transmission in κ–μ Shadowed Fading Environments". Electronics 8, nr 6 (11.06.2019): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8060658.

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In this paper, we analyze the performance of a dual-hop cooperative decode-and-forward (DF) relaying system with beamforming under different adaptive transmission techniques over κ − μ shadowed fading channels. We consider multiple antennas at the source and destination, and communication takes place via a single antenna relay. The published work in the literature emphasized the performance analysis of dual-hop DF relaying systems, in conjunction with different adaptive transmission techniques for classical fading channels. However, in a real scenario, shadowing of the line-of-sight (LoS) signal is caused by complete or partially blockage of the LoS by environmental factors such as trees, buildings, mountains, etc., therefore, transmission links may suffer from fading as well as shadowing, either concurrently or separately. Hence, the κ − μ shadowed fading model was introduced to emulate such general channel conditions. The κ − μ shadowed fading model is a general fading model that can perfectly model the fading and shadowing effects of the wireless channel in a LoS propagation environment, and it includes some classical fading models as special cases, such as κ − μ , Rician, Rician-shadowed, Nakagami- m ^ , One-sided Gaussian, and Rayleigh fading. In this work, we derive the outage probability and average capacity expressions in an analytical form for different adaptive transmission techniques: (1) optimal power and rate adaptation (OPRA); (2) optimal rate adaptation and constant transmit power (ORA); (3) channel inversion with a fixed rate (CIFR); and (4) truncated channel inversion with a fixed rate (TIFR). We evaluate the system performance for different arrangements of antennas and for different fading and shadowing parameters. The obtained analytical expressions are verified through extensive Monte Carlo simulations.

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Aldababseh, Mahmoud, i Ali Jamoos. "Estimation of FBMC/OQAM Fading Channels Using Dual Kalman Filters". Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/586403.

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We address the problem of estimating time-varying fading channels in filter bank multicarrier (FBMC/OQAM) wireless systems based on pilot symbols. The standard solution to this problem is the least square (LS) estimator or the minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator with possible adaptive implementation using recursive least square (RLS) algorithm or least mean square (LMS) algorithm. However, these adaptive filters cannot well-exploit fading channel statistics. To take advantage of fading channel statistics, the time evolution of the fading channel is modeled by an autoregressive process and tracked by Kalman filter. Nevertheless, this requires the autoregressive parameters which are usually unknown. Thus, we propose to jointly estimate the FBMC/OQAM fading channels and their autoregressive parameters based on dual optimal Kalman filters. Once the fading channel coefficients at pilot symbol positions are estimated by the proposed method, the fading channel coefficients at data symbol positions are then estimated by using some interpolation methods such as linear, spline, or low-pass interpolation. The comparative simulation study we carried out with existing techniques confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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