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1
Monzel, Daniel Robert. "Fabricated Preservation". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98492.
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"Fabricated Preservation" aims to push the boundaries with traditional theses, creating a multi-layered experience that blends fact and fiction through a performance that centers around environmental storytelling in virtual reality. The experience questions the balance of theatrical elements in traditional storytelling which forefront text and human characters over architecture, props, and environment, and critically examines how an environment can play a crucial role in a narrative. The narrative itself focuses on one question: if a genealogy company had access to past environments via time travel, what new information could we learn about our ancestors?
The normal perceptions of a "game" are challenged, introducing real world elements to trick the audience and subtly influence how they navigate a virtual space. A complex fictional character is introduced through the performance and developed through the environment, with the hopes that the audience will gain some emotion toward them: either connecting with the character as if they were a close friend, or feeling unsettled that they observed the character's realistic personal space. This voyeuristic theme weaves its way through each layer of the storytelling, poking at the audience's morals with the hopes that they will question the experience around them.
Above all, the main goal of Fabricated Preservation is to challenge the audience to mentally engage with the virtual experience, by paying attention to the details of their environment and constructing their own version of a narrative from those details.Master of Fine Arts
Fabricated Preservation examines how an environment can play a crucial role in a narrative. An environmental story was created that centers around a fictional character, influenced by a close friend's life. Virtual reality was used to allow the audience to immerse themselves more within a virtual bedroom environment, using virtual props to convey the personality of the character. A fictional genealogy company called The Fifth Turning was also created to convey that environmental story through a different perspective to the audience. There are two main stories that go hand in hand with this experience: the primary story is the life of a college girl in the 1990s. The secondary story is of the fictional company, the Fifth Turning, which uses time travel technology to access the bedroom environment of the college girl to obtain more personalized genealogy information.
2
Santini, Lauren Mee. "The Fabricated Forest". Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:26718758.
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This dissertation approaches historical ecology as reflexive process, tying together archaeology, iconographic analysis, ethnography, and ethnohistory to argue that modern tropical ecosystems are the result of long-term, intentional engagement with human needs and priorites. Civilizational success in these environments, once thought to be marginal zones, required active and sensitive management of arboreal resources. Through a case study at the Late Preclassic and Late Classic inhabited Maya site of San Bartolo, Guatemala, I demonstrate the correspondence between the modern forest and ancient use patterns. The fieldwork component integrated silvicultural and ecohistorical development of the Petén. In conjunction with this interdisciplinary track, laboratory protocols were employed to secure ancient tree species identification on charcoal recovered from Late Classic internal chultún middens and a central plaza offering from the Preclassic period at Grupo Zacatál. Finally, connections are drawn between the archaeological data and iconographic depictions of arboreal elements present in the iconographic depictions from the site’s Preclassic structure, Las Pinturas, sub-1. Situating these remains in local context, I suggest that the canonical images form these mural scenes have connections to canonical images that appear throughout Mesoamerica, the Preclssic artists of San Bartolo connected the mythical actions to local space by adding botanical elements from species in their environment. While a full reconstruction of species exploitation and ancient silvicultural tactics are not possible from the analyses conducted in this dissertation alone, the establishment of silvicultural and archaeobotanical methods in tropical zones represents a crucial step towards more sophisticated analyses of anthropogenic ecological resilience and collapse.Anthropology
3
Atta, Raghied Mohammed Helmy. "Micro-fabricated magnetic sensors". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624826.
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Ananta, M. "A rapidly fabricated dermal equivalent". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1301269/.
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Cell encapsulation in collagen hydrogels affords the ability to rapidly create living yet mechanically weak tissue equivalents. A previously developed compression technique that removes the interstitial fluid from these hydrogels allows for a rapid improvement of the mechanical strength with adequate cell survival. However, although the UTS of the resulting compressed collagen-rich tissue sheets approach those found in vivo, the break strength, due to the small size of these sheets, does not allow for appropriate handling properties such as suturing. In the present study it was found that both the thickness and the break strength of the compressed sheets could be improved by increasing the (pre-compression) collagen hydrogel volume. It was found here, however, that the previously described anisotropic increase of the collagen density in the hydrogel at the surface through which the interstitial fluid content is removed forms a mass transfer dependent resistance to the outflow of fluid through this surface which indicates that there is a limit to the size and strength of living tissue that can be achieved with this technique. It was found here that the suturability of the compressed sheets could also be enhanced by the hybridisation with a synthetic degradable mesh without compromising cell survival or the speed of construction. Fibroblast seeded hybrid constructs featuring a near confluent epithelial monolayer and with a stratified epithelium, created within 5 hours and 2 weeks respectively, were tested in a lapine model of an acute full thickness skin defect to test for their safety and efficacy in wound healing. Only constructs with a stratified epidermis showed a significant increase in wound closure and neo-vascularisation of the wound bed compared to untreated wounds. Comparison of the present findings with currently available living biological dressings for the treatment of chronic wounds suggests the utility and possible cost-effectiveness of this rapid tissue engineering technique.
5
Song, Liqun. "W-band LiGA fabricated klystron /". For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Bradley, Robert John. "Capacitive ultrasonic transducers fabricated using microstereolithography". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2400/.
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Air-coupled thin-membrane capacitive ultrasonic transducers have been developed that use microstereolithography fabrication with architectures comprised entirely of partially metalised photopolymer. These devices derive considerable advantages from rapid prototyping technology, in that they are cheap to produce, and benefit from the design-to-product lead times inherent in the production of components using stereolithography. To date membranes have been produced with thicknesses ranging from 30 to 90 μm with aspect ratios in the range of 100 - 1000. These devices have been shown to operate both as transmitters and as receivers of ultrasound, and have a bandwidth approaching 100% with a centre frequency of 100 kHz. The method of fabricating these devices allows for easy modification for various applications including structural health monitoring and immersion, as well as affording the possibility of integrated focussing or wave-guiding architecture and packaging that can be incorporated into a single build. Fundamental or subtle changes to a given transducer design may be achieved incurring little additional cost or time. This novel approach to transducer fabrication enables the bespoke manufacture of specific transducer architectures from a computer aided design package using polymers that exhibit different material properties to materials used in silicon micromachining, but at the same time allow for fabrication on a scale that is approaching that of microfabrication. The versatility of 3-D rapid prototyping allows the realisation of more complicated structures than was possible previously. This work examines these transducers in terms of their characterisation and their operation in conjunction with other transduction architecture, such as focussing parabolic mirrors that were also produced using the same manufacturing technology. In addition, their operation in contacting acoustics and the reception of surface acoustic waves has been demonstrated. Immersion studies using these devices have found that that they hold promise for operation in a variety of different media. These transducers are seen as an important prototype development tool in the field of capacitive ultrasonic transduction and microphone-speaker design.
7
Zhao, Ming Hui. "Survival of laboratory fabricated space maintainers". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44828.
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Objective:
Few studies have examined the longevity of a large sample of space maintainers. The aim of this research was to determine if appliance, patient or provider factors played a role in the success and survival of laboratory-fabricated fixed space maintainers.
Methods:
A retrospective chart review was conducted of laboratory-fabricated fixed passive space maintainers inserted between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2003 in a metro Vancouver pediatric dentistry/orthodontic practice. Appliances were followed until removal or, if still in use, to study’s end point; no observations were censored. Patients lost to follow-up were excluded. All appliances had been prepared and inserted using a consistent, meticulous technique. If an appliance failed prematurely, reasons for failure, e.g. cement loss, solder breakage, eruption interference, were recorded. Other data collected included child’s date of birth, gender, cement type, caries rate, oral hygiene score and patient cooperation at the time of appliance placement. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier and the Mantel-Cox Log-rank survival analysis.
Results:
Of the original sample of 1218, 892 appliances were analyzed. The sample included band and loop (B&L), lingual holding arch (LHA) and Nance appliances from 692 subjects. Subjects were analyzed by specialty: pediatric (n=370), orthodontic (n=322). The mean age at insertion was 9(2) years. For sixty-five percent of subjects (n=452), appliances were deemed ‘successful’ i.e., “did what the clinician expected”. After controlling for the effect of other explanatory variables, type of space maintainer (p<0.03), patient gender (p=0.003) and age at insertion (p<0.0001) were all significantly related to success. Mandibular B&Ls had the longest median survival time (time for half of appliances to fail, MST) of 38 months; maxillary B&Ls, the lowest MST of 22 months. The MST of LHA and Nance were 25 months and 26 months, respectively. In the failure group, no statistical significant differences were found in the MST of space maintainers when appliance type was considered.
Conclusion:
The majority of the space maintainers lasted their anticipated lifetime. Appliance type, patient gender and age at insertion were significantly associated with outcomes.
8
Naik, Jay Prakash. "Nanowires fabricated by Focused Ion Beam". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4638/.
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This thesis reports research on nanowires fabricated by FIB lithography with experiments to understand their mechanical, electrical and hydrodynamic properties. Au nanowires fabricated on Si\(_3\)N\(_4\) membranes with width below 50nm exhibit liquid like instabilities and below \(\sim\)20nm the instabilities grow destroying the nanowires due to the Rayleigh- Plateau instability. Stability is better in the case for Si substrates than for the insulators Si0\(_2\) and Si\(_3\)N\(_4\). A series of 4-terminal resistance measurements were carried out on a "platinum" nanowire grown by FIB-induced decomposition of an organometallic precursor. Such nanowires are found to be a two phase percolating system, containing up to 70% by volume carbon. They have unexpected temperature behaviour which is explained using a percolation model with Kirkpatrick conduction in the presence of temperature induced strain. Au nanowire bridges of very small diameter were probed using AFM to investigate their deformation and fracture strength. Below a diameter \(\sim\)50nm, the mechanical properties are consistent with liquid-like behaviour. After reaching the fracture, the gold molecules from the bridge retract towards the fixed ends; rebinding of the gold causing reforming of the nanowire bridge can occur. FIB fabrication was also used to form a thermal bimorph MEMS cantilever which was investigated by AFM during actuation.
9
Baumann, Judith Marie. "Fabricated Histories (or My American Daydreams)". VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/144.
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The three print series I completed within the past two years appear hardly related at first. However, these individual bodies of work, when examined chronologically, are continually informed by similar ideas. The most obvious of these is the act of piecing elements together to form something that had previously not existed, yet still influences the original source. In all three series, images are taken from an original source and re-contextualized. The idea of cultural or anthropological landscapes is also a theme throughout my work. Each individual series toyed with the idea of an imaginary or theoretical anthropological landscape in direct comparison to its pre-existing model. These humorous and oftentimes puzzling images are influenced by my over-active imagination, fueled by equal parts pop culture, playful cynicism, and desperate idealism.
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Barron, James Richard. "Improving finite element methods for fabricated structures". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8022.
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Kobayashi, Kengo, i Koji Ikuta. "Three-dimensional magnetic microstructures fabricated by microstereolithography". American Institite of Physics, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/12006.
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Bauer, Dominique. "Triangular trusses fabricated from rectangular hollow sections". Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75364.
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This thesis deals with the behaviour and design of triangular trusses fabricated from Hollow Structural Sections (HSS), with two Warren-type web planes and a single tension chord. Experimental programs are described in which triangular truss segments and simplified joints were tested in order to investigate the behaviour of compression web members and tension-chord welded joints. The mechanics of joint deformations are analysed in relation to the yield line theory, and simple models are shown to give a good prediction of the joint stiffnesses and strengths. Complex yield line models are investigated, but are slightly or not superior to the simple models. Recommendations are established covering the design of tension and compression chord joints, as well as chord and web members. The design of a 22 m span triangular truss is outlined.
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Hajji, Maryam. "Micro-fabricated devices for manipulating terahertz radiation". Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12914/.
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This thesis reports on the design, fabrication and testing of microstructured devices for the manipulation of terahertz radiation. In particular, there is an emphasis on the fabrication and test of diffractive optics type components; including a surface micromachined, multilevel SU-8 based Fresnel lens and a micromilled aluminium Fresnel Zone Plate Reflector (FZPR). For both of these devices, the focal spot is characterized by measuring the electric field intensity and phase as a function of distance along the optical axis. This is carried out using a THz Vector Network Analyzer with associated free space optics. The results are compared directly with Finite Difference Time Domain simulations. A commercial FDTD solver, Lumerical, is used throughout the thesis. FDTD is first introduced for the design of antireflective subwavelength surfaces. These surface structures are bulk micromachined in silicon and their performance experimentally validated using THz Time-Domain Spectroscopy and Durham's THz VNA. A compact THz VNA based S11 measurement configuration is presented which uses the FZPR and a single parabolic mirror. This reflection configuration is used for the characterization of liquid samples (e.g. water and Isopropyl Alcohol mixtures) in microfluidic channels. Two types of channels are presented; one is formed using bulk micromachined silicon whereas the other type uses acetate films to create low cost, disposable devices. The results from the compact measurement configuration are compared with those obtained using a more conventional four parabolic mirror transmission arrangement (as found in THz Time-Domain Spectroscopy systems). Even in the compact configuration, the alignment of the components is found to be a significant factor in determining the measurement performance. Consequently, a six-axis micropositioner (Hexapod), is used to automatically sweep the reflector with the aim of producing a self-aligning system.
14
Hadfield, Robert Hugh. "Josephson junctions fabricated by focused ion beam". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/104789.
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This thesis details recent work on an innovative new approach to Josephson junction fabrication. These junctions are created in low TC superconductor-normal metal bilayer tracks on a deep submicron scale using a Focused Ion Beam Microscope (FIB). The FIB is used to mill away a trench 50_nm wide in the upper layer of niobium superconductor (125 nm thick), weakening the superconducting coupling and resulting in a Josephson junction. With the aid of a newly developed in situ resistance measurement technique it is possible to determine the cut depth to a high degree of accuracy and hence gain insight into how this affects the resulting device parameters. Devices fabricated over a wide range of cut depths and copper normal metal layer thicknesses (0-175 nm) have been thoroughly characterized at 4.2 K in terms of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, magnetic field- and microwave-response. In selected cases I-V characteristics have been studied over the full temperature range from TC down to 300 mK. Devices with resistively-shunted (RSJ) I-V characteristics and ICRN products above 50 μV at 4.2 K have been fabricated reproducibly. This work has been complemented by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies that have allowed the microstructure of the individual devices to be inspected and confirm the validity of the in situ resistance measurement. The individual junction devices are promising candidates for use in the next generation of Josephson voltage standards. In collaboration with Dr. Sam Benz at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the U.S., series arrays of junctions have been fabricated and characterized. Phase-locking behaviour has been observed in arrays of 10 junctions of spacings 0.2 to 1.6 μm between 4.2 K and TC in spite of the relatively large spread in individual critical currents. Strategies for minimizing junction parameter spread and producing large-scale arrays are discussed. The opportunities offered by the FIB for the creation of novel device structures has not been overlooked. By milling a circular trench in the Nb Cu bilayer a Corbino geometry SNS junction is created. In this unique device the junction barrier is enclosed in a superconducting loop, implying that magnetic flux can only enter the barrier as quantized vorticies. This gives rise to a startling magnetic field response - with the entry of a vortex the critical current is suppressed from its maximum value to zero. Experimental results and theoretical modeling are reported. Possible future applications of this novel device geometry (which may be of relevance to Quantum Computing and to studies of Berry's phase effects) are considered.
15
Shan, Xi. "Hydrogen Storage for Micro-fabricated Electrochemical Devices". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1089864469.
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GARTER, MICHAEL JAMES. "ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES FABRICATED ON ERBIUM DOPED GaN". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin990545888.
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Shaoa, Meiyu, Shilin Yanga i Hongjuan Zhaob. "Brief discussion about the application of green fabricated steel structure building system". Thesis, Націонаьний авіаційний університет, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/53816.
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Under the development of modern building construction technology, the
prefabricated steel structure construction technology has received wide attention. Under
this condition, because concrete pouring and other constructions are not required on site,
it has higher environmental and convenience, and the performance of the fabricated steel
structure has been proven to be reliable in practice, so its application value is higher. This
article introduces the operation process of the fabricated steel structure building system,
and explains the matters needing attention in the application process.
18
Pang, Yee Kwong. "Woodpile-structured photonic crystals fabricated by holographic lithography /". View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?PHYS%202006%20PANG.
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Moseley, Richard William. "Focused ion beam fabricated non-equilibrium superconducting devices". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/183624.
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The developments over the last decade in Focused Ion Beam (FIB) instrument technology have reached a point where there is sufficient control of an ion beam to make cuts, trenches, and other shapes in a sample on a scale of tens of nanometers. This work concentrates on the use of an FIB instrument for making superconducting devices. It is shown for the first time that planar-bridge (Nb/Cu/Nb) Superconductor/Normalmetal/Superconductor (SNS) junctions can be reliably fabricated using a standard FIB instrument. This is demonstrated by the responses of junctions to microwaves and magnetic fields; the junctions display the appropriate Josephson behaviour demanded by current technological applications. In addition, the reproducibility in junction behaviour (the variation of critical current is approximately 10%) is the best so far observed for this type of junction. The SNS junction fabrication method has been successfully extended for making high-density SNS junction arrays, dc-SQUIDs, and related devices. A simple model is devised to explain the normal-state resistance and critical current of a junction. The model is based on the geometry of a junction as defined by the FIB instrument and the film deposition. The model is mostly successful in qualitatively explaining many of the geometrical factors that affect the electrical properties of the junction. Nb/Cu/Nb junction series arrays, made using an FIB instrument, are also successfully fabricated. The yield of the junctions forming small arrays is found to be similar to the yield of single junctions. For the series arrays studied here, new observations have been made: the electrical properties of an array have been found to be dependent on the spacing of the junctions and the number of junctions in the array. This work also investigates the thermal properties of SNS and micron-scale superconductor/insulator/normal-metal junction based devices for use in bolometer device based applications. It is shown that self-heating raises the temperature of the junctions significantly above their operating temperatures. For a device sitting on a low thermally conductive membrane, it is found that the effects of heating, or cooling, in the junctions are exaggerated.
20
Osika, Anita A. V. "The electrical properties of electrochemically fabricated nickel nanowires". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0027/MQ50358.pdf.
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Lu, Chi. "Micro-Fabricated Hydrogen Sensors Operating at Elevated Temperatures". UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/767.
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In this dissertation, three types of microfabricated solid-state sensors had been designed and developed on silicon wafers, aiming to detect hydrogen gas at elevated temperatures. Based on the material properties and sensing mechanisms, they were operated at 140°C, 500°C, and 300°C. The MOS-capacitor device working at 140°C utilized nickel instead of the widely-used expensive palladium, and the performance remained excellent. For very-high temperature sensing (500°C), the conductivity of the thermally oxidized TiO2 thin film based on the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) substrate changed 25 times in response to 5 ppm H2 and the response transient times were just a few seconds. For medium-high temperatures (~300°C), very high sensitivity (over 100 times’ increment of current for H2 concentration at 10 ppm) was obtained through the reversible reduction of the Schottky barrier height between the Pt electrodes and the SnO2 nano-clusters. Fabrication approaches of these devices included standard silicon wafer processing, thin film deposition, and photolithography. Materials characterization methods, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), surface profilometry, ellipsometry, and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), were involved in order to investigate the fabricated nano-sized structures. Selectivities of the sensors to gases other than H2 (CO and CH4) were also studied. The first chapter reviews and evaluates the detection methodologies and sensing materials in the current research area of H2 sensors and the devices presented this Ph.D. research were designed with regard to the evaluations.
22
Dedman, Emma Ruth. "Characterisation of photonic crystals fabricated by holographic lithography". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:35f8c1da-fca7-4086-aab3-fdda5ce346c6.
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Holographic lithography is a new technique developed for the fabrication of threedimensional photonic crystals in polymer. Four coherent laser beams are interfered to generate a three-dimensionally periodic interference pattern in a film of photoresist. Subsequent processing steps render a three-dimensional photonic crystal, whose structure is commensurate with the original interference pattern. Two interference patterns are discussed in detail: a face-centred cubic pattern with a conventional lattice constant of 922nm in air and a face-centred cubic pattern with a conventional cube side of 397nm in air (interference wavelength 355nm). Three types of basis are presented for the interference pattern with a 922nm lattice constant: a righthanded, a left-handed and a non-chiral basis. Photonic crystals have been fabricated with both a chiral and a non-chiral basis and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Optical transmission measurements are presented for the non-chiral photonic crystals and are interpreted in both a Bragg scattering model and a photonic bandstructure model. A 'GaAs' and a 'diamond' basis are presented for the interference pattern with a 397nm lattice constant. Photonic crystals have been fabricated with the 'GaAs' basis and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy.
23
Roosth, Hannah Sophia. "Crafting life : a sensory ethnography of fabricated biologies". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63236.
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Thesis (Ph. D. in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS))--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 297-326).
This ethnography tracks a diverse set of practices I term "constructive biologies," by which I mean efforts in the post-genomic life sciences to understand how biology works by making new biological things. I examine five fields of constructive biology - synthetic biology, DIY (do-it-yourself) biology, hyperbolic crochet, sonocytology, and molecular gastronomy - investigating how they are enmeshed in sensory engagements that employ craftwork as a means of grasping biology. Synthetic biology is a community of bioengineers who aim to fabricate standardized biological systems using genetic components and manufacturing principles borrowed from engineering. DIY biology is a community of "biohackers" who appropriate synthetic biologists' terminologies, standards, and commitment to freely exchanging biomaterials in order to do hobbyist biological engineering in their homes. The Hyperbolic Crochet Coral Reef is a distributed venture of thousands of women who are cooperatively fabricating a series of yarn and plastic coral reefs in order to build a material simulation of oceanic morphologies and evolutionary theories. Sonocytology, a technique in nanotechnology research, uses scanning probe microscopes to "listen to" cellular vibrations and "feel" the topologies of cells and cellular components. Molecular gastronomy is a movement in which practitioners - physical chemists and biochemists who study food, and chefs who apply their results - use biochemical principles and laboratory apparatuses to further cooking and the culinary arts. In analyzing these fields, I draw on histories of experimental biology, anthropological accounts of artisanship, science studies work on embodiment and tacit knowledge in scientific practice, and sensory ethnography. Based on data gathered from participant-observation and interviewing, I argue for thinking about making new biological things as a form of "crafting," an analytic that illuminates five aspects of contemporary biological manufacture: 1) sensory cultivation, 2) ongoing participation with biological media and forms, 3) the integration of making biological things and practitioners' selfmaking, 4) the embedding of social relations, interests, norms, and modes of exchange in built artifacts, and 5) the combination of making and knowing. In this study, I argue that both biology the substance and biology the discipline are currently being remade, and that increasingly, life scientists apprehend "life" through its manufacture.
by Hannah Sophia Roosth.
Ph.D.in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS
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Nemutudi, Rudzani. "Mesoscopic devices fabricated using an atomic force microscope". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620316.
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Quierin, Marcus Alfred. "Gated resonant tunnelling diodes fabricated by MBE regrowth". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627241.
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Barrington, Stephen John. "Planar waveguide devices fabricated by pulsed laser deposition". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/38211/.
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This thesis is intended to be a comprehensive study on the use of pulsed laser deposition to fabricate planar waveguide devices. As such, a thorough review into the state of the art of current activities in this area is initially presented. A buried Nd:GGG waveguide laser has been fabricated for the first time by PLD and has achieved lasing action at a threshold of 14.8 mW of absorbed power. Comparison of the lasing threshold to that of similar uncapped devices demonstrate that the capped layer has a highly beneficial effect on the lasing threshold when the particulate density in the film is high.
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Oscar, Sara. "Into this wild abyss learning through fabricated photographs /". Connect to full text, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3965.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2007."Photomedia"--T.p. Title from title screen (viewed February 18, 2007) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Visual Arts) to the Sydney College of the Arts. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
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Shi, Yunbo. "Solvent study on micro towers fabricated via map". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8513.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Subramanian, Arunkumar. "Batch fabricated, supermolecular transducers based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes /". Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17568.
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Sutanto, Bintoro Jemmy. "An Electromagnetic Actuated Microvalve Fabricated on a Single Wafer". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4891.
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Microvalves are essential components of the miniaturization of the fluidic systems to control of fluid flow in a variety of applications as diverse as chemical analysis systems, micro-fuel cells, and integrated fluidic channel arrangements for electronic cooling. Using microvalves, these systems offer important advantages: they can operate using small sample volumes and provide rapid response time.
This PhD dissertation presents the world first electromagnetically actuated microvalve fabricated on a single wafer with CMOS compatibility. In this dissertation, the design, fabrication, and testing results of two different types of electromagnetic microvalves are presented: the on/off microvalve and the bistable microvalve with latching mechanism. The microvalves operate with power consumption of less than 1.5 W and can control the volume flow rate of DI water, or a 50% diluted methanol solution in the range 1 - 50 µL in. The leaking rate of the on/off microvalve is the order of 30 nL/min. The microvalve demonstrated a response time for latching of 10 ms in water and 0.2 ms in air. This work has resulted in a US patent, application no. 10/699,210.Other inventions that have been developed as a result of this research are bidirectional, and bistable-bidirectional microactuators with latching mechanism, that can be utilized for optical switch, RF relay, micro mirror, nano indenter, or nano printings.
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Goh, Kuan Eng Johnson Physics Faculty of Science UNSW. "Encapsulation of Si:P devices fabricated by scanning tunnelling microscopy". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Physics, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27022.
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This thesis demonstrates the effective use of low temperature molecular beam epitaxy to encapsulate planar Si:P (phosphorus-in-silicon) devices lithographically patterned by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) without significant redistribution of the dopants. To achieve this goal, low temperature magnetotransport is used in combination with STM, Auger electron spectroscopy and secondary ion-mass spectrometry to analyse Si:P ??-doped samples fabricated under different doping and growth conditions. An important aspect of this project is the use of large 1 ?? 1 cm2 Si(001) samples which are about five times larger than standard STM samples. The larger sample size is necessary for post-STM fabrication lithography processes in a cleanroom but presents problems for preparing atomically clean surfaces. The ability to prepare clean and atomically flat Si(001) surfaces for STM lithography on such 1 ?? 1 cm2 samples is demonstrated, and it is shown that Si:P ??-doped layers fabricated on these surfaces exhibit complete electrical activation. Two dopant sources (gaseous PH3 and solid GaP source) were investigated to assess their compatibility with STM-lithography on the H:Si(001) surface. The findings show that while the PH3 and GaP sources result in near identical electrical qualities, only PH3 molecules are compatible with H-resist based lithography for controlled nano-scale doping. For achieving complete activation of the P dopants, it is shown that an anneal to ??? 350 ???C to incorporate P atoms into the Si surface prior to encapsulation is critical. While it is known that the presence of H during growth degrades the quality of Si epitaxy, investigations in this thesis indicate that it has no significant effect on dopant activation. Systematic studies performed to assess the impact of growth temperature recommend an encapsulation temperature of 250 ???C for achieving optimal electrical qualities with minimal dopant segregation. In addition, it is shown that rapid thermal anneals (RTAs) at temperatures < 700 ???C provide only marginal improvement in the electrical quality of Si:P ??-doped samples encapsulated at 250 ???C, while RTA temperatures > 700 ???C should be avoided due to the high probability of dopant redistribution. To elucidate the nature of 2D transport in Si:P ??-doped devices, a detailed analysis of the low temperature magnetotransport for Si:P ??-doped layers with doping densities in the range ??? 0.2 ??? 2 ?? 1014 cm???2 was carried out. Using conventional 2D theories for disordered systems, both weak localisation (WL) and electron-electron interactions (EEI) are shown to contribute almost equal corrections to the 2D conductivity. In particular, it is found that EEI can introduce a significant correction in the Hall coefficient RH (hence Hall density) especially in the low density/temperature regime and the need to correct for this when using the Hall density to estimate the activated electron density is highlighted. While the electronic mean free path in such highly doped ??-layers is typically < 10 nm making ballistic transport in these devices difficult to observe, the phase coherence length can extend to almost 200 nm at about 0.3???0.5 K for doping densities of ??? 1 ??? 2 ?? 1014 cm???2. Finally, the optimised encapsulation strategy developed in this thesis is applied to a 2D square device fabricated by STM. The device exhibits Ohmic conductivity with complete dopant activation. An analysis of its low temperature magnetotransport shows that the device behaves similarly to a Si:P ??-doped layer encapsulated under similar conditions, thus highlighting that the STM patterning process had no adverse effect on device quality.
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Zhong, Guixiong. "A Micro Fabricated Gas-FE Sensor Using SMO Films". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ZhongG2007.pdf.
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Nienass, Sherri. "The Fabricated Shopping Experience: An Impersonal Impression on Consumerism". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5356.
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I have a compulsion to document my surroundings. I do this in all forms possible; through a picture text-message, a point-and-shoot camera, or through a high end camera. Like most women in contemporary society, I feel an expectation to be gorgeous. While I do not feel this pressure directly from my boyfriend or close friends, I am constantly surrounded by advertisements for beauty products enforcing the importance of being attractive. My current occupation as a cosmetic counter makeup artist relies on convincing women to enhance their appearance. I am fascinated by how easily I can persuade clients to purchase unnecessary products. My art is both a celebration and commentary on the beauty industry and contemporary consumerism. My approach to this series is varied and complex. The individuals photographed are unaware of their participation in the creation of my work. I do not intend to exploit the subjects or places that I photograph, rather my work comes from a very natural understanding of this environment based on several years working in a major department store. I attempt to attach multiple emotions of — empathy, humor, and sometimes sympathy — to the moments I capture. My work is not fabricated or recreated, — it is documentary. I am aware of the times I live in, and the people that inhabit these times and places. Once documented, the captured moments in time can be reflected on from a multitude of perspectives at a later place and time. Because I also contribute to the general shopping and grooming experience, the details of these images come from a trained eye and attentive approach. I have chosen to write this thesis in an auto-biographical narrative because I play many roles. I am the retail specialist, the artist, the photographer, and the consumer.ID: 031001429; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Carla Poindexter.; Title from PDF title page (viewed June 24, 2013).; Thesis (M.F.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-54).
M.F.A.
Masters
Visual Arts and Design
Arts and Humanities
Emerging Media; Studio Art and the Computer
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Rich, Travis (Travis Sebastian). "Encoding data into physical objects with digitally fabricated textures". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82431.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-128).
This thesis presents and outlines a system for encoding physical passive objects with deterministic surface features that contain identifying information about that object. The goal of such work is to take steps towards a self-descriptive universe in which all objects contain within their physical structure hooks to information about how they can be used, how they can be fixed, what they're used for, who uses them, etc. By exploring modern manufacturing processes, several techniques for creating these deterministic textures are presented. Of high importance is the advancement of 3D printing technologies. By leveraging the rapid prototyping capabilities such machines offer, this thesis looks at how personalized objects and draft models may be encoded with data that allows annotations, ideas, and notes to be associated with physical points across that object. Whereas barcodes, QR codes, and RFID tags are often used to associate a single object with a single piece of data, this technique of encoding surfaces will allow for many points of identification to be placed on a single object, enabling applications in learning, group interaction, and gaming.
by Travis Rich.
S.M.
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Zolotovsky, Katia. "BioConstructs : methods for bio-inspired and bio-fabricated design". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77780.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Page 74 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-73).
This work presents experimentation with design and fabrication methods, using biological systems either indirectly (as a source of inspiration and information for design) or directly (as a material production for fabrication). The focus is on "bioconstructs"- design methods and processes that are invented and developed under the influence of biological systems. Two projects are presented. The Polypterus project examines the unique design principles of the armor of an ancient fish and possible ways to use these principles in the design of synthetic protective and flexible applications (bio-inspired design). The project deals with the correlation between geometrical data (units' shape and rules of their composition on a surface) and functional data (anisotropic flexibility of the surface) to formulate a parametric design system. The Xylinus project focuses on the adaptation of material production by bacteria to a fabrication process (biofabrication). This fabrication method combines digital tools and technologies with material production by a living biological system. The long-term objective is to use cellulose-producing bacteria to develop an additive manufacturing technique for architecture and product design. Both projects suggest methods to utilize biological systems for innovative design and fabrication methods.
by Katia Zolotovsky.
S.M.
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Ho, Pei-chuan, i 何佩娟. "Corrosion in H Corrosion in H Corrosion in H2SO 4/VOSO 4 solution for the Cr solution for the Cr solution for the Cr solution for the Crsolution for the Cr xCy coatings on coatings on coatings on coatings oncoatings on different me different medifferent medifferent me different me different medifferent metallic substrates fabricated bytallic substrates fabricated by tallic substrates fabricated bytallic substrates fabricated by tallic substrates fabricated by tallic substrates fabricated by tallic substrates fabricated by tallic substrates fabricated by tallic substrates fabricated bytallic substrates fabricated by tallic substrates fabricated bytallic substrates fabricated by tallic substrates fabricated bytallic substrates fabricated bytallic substrates fabricated by Cr( .)-electrochemical deposition electrochemical deposition electrochemical depositionelectrochemical deposition electrochemical depositionelectrochemical depositionelectrochemical deposition electrochemical". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8d74zz.
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碩士國立中央大學
機械工程學系
103
The requirement of the electricity is increasing in the modern society, and several kinds’ secondary energy is developed. The problem needs overcome is the storage of electricity and the control of using time. All vanadium redox flow battery is a new type of energy storage system. The advantage is large capacity, long lifetime, and charging instantly. It has great potential in regulating power system. All vanadium redox flow battery consists of graphite felt, ion section membrane, bipolar plate and electrolyte. The electrolytes in the battery consist of sulfur acid, and isolate the electrolyte liquid from two poles. Collecting the electron is the function of the bipolar plate. According above factor, the property of corrosion is very important. The material which be used is graphite. The position side of the graphite will be corrosive in long time. It will crack at the composition of the batter stack. Metal material has better strength. Trying to make bipolar plate in metal, and evaluate the feasibility. In addition to noble metal, other metal is too hard to anticorrosive from sulfur acid. It needs a coating layer on the surface, improving the anticorrosion and conducted. Looking forward it will be used in vanadium redox flow battery. The composition of coating layer is chromium carbide. It has high hardness, good anticorrosion and conductivity. It were used the anticorrosion material. Expecting chromium carbide coating layer could improve the stainless steel and copper properties.
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Justice, L. V., Catriona M. Morrison i M. A. Conway. "Intentionally fabricated autobiographical memories". 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13161.
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YesParticipants generated both autobiographical memories (AMs) that they believed to be true and intentionally fabricated autobiographical memories (IFAMs). Memories were constructed while a concurrent memory load (random 8-digit sequence) was held in mind or while there was no concurrent load. Amount and accuracy of recall of the concurrent memory load was reliably poorer following generation of IFAMs than following generation of AMs. There was no reliable effect of load on memory generation times; however, IFAMs always took longer to construct than AMs. Finally, replicating previous findings, fewer IFAMs had a field perspective than AMs, IFAMs were less vivid than AMs, and IFAMs contained more motion words (indicative of increased cognitive load). Taken together, these findings show a pattern of systematic differences that mark out IFAMs, and they also show that IFAMs can be identified indirectly by lowered performance on concurrent tasks that increase cognitive load.
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Haung, Yi-Hsiang, i 黃奕翔. "Microneedles fabricated by precision electroforming". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92001194010387629558.
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碩士中華技術學院
機電光工程研究所碩士班
94
This paper demonstrates the microneedles fabricated by the precision electroforming. We used aluminum wire as the “core mold” of the microneedles. First, we coated a layer of resin surrounding the aluminum wire as the sacrificial layer. Second, we sputtered a gold layer to be the initial electroplating layer. Third, the copper layer was electroplated from the gold layer. After electroplating, the multilayer wire was put into acetone to dissolve the resin sacrificial layer. Then, the core mold was removed, and the copper tube was made up. Finally, the microneedle was fabricated after division and outlet shaping. The external and internal diameters of fabricated microneedle are 75μm and 30μm. The basic function of these microneedles are fully demonstrated in this thesis.
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Wong, Ming-Yee, i 王明怡. "MEMS fabricated VOC preconcentrator chips". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60950631184876308487.
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碩士輔仁大學
化學系
98
The objective of this study is to design, fabricate and characterize a micro preconcentrator that directly synthesize carbon based adsorbent film inside an pre-sealed, anodic bonded micro channel. Parameters for the synthesis of carbon film adsorbent such as starting hydrocarbon materials, temperature program and reducing atmosphere were investigated. It is found that carbon film synthesized using cellulose as starting material and slowly heated at a rate of 10℃/min to 600℃ and maintained for two hours under high purity nitrogen shows best sorption/ desorption properties. The porous structure was inspected by FE-SEM. Good durability, fabrication reproducibility and sufficiently narrow for chromatographic injection of preconcentrated mixtures were validated in this study. The μ-preconcentrator containing 1.2 mg of carbon membrane can sample 200ppb of toluene, benzene up to 1.6L and acetone up to 0.89L before breakthrough. Preconcentration factor of 13637 for toluene was empirically determined. The desorption peak width under 2 seconds were obtained under optimized desorption temperature of 320℃and desorption flow rate of 3 mL/min. Finally, we applied Wheeler model to assess the thermodynamic capacity of our synthesized adsorbent and found the mean value is 0.752±0.02 mg/g.
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Samani, Pouya Aghaebrahimi. "Sustainable pre-fabricated composite housing". Doctoral thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/86001.
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Samani, Pouya Aghaebrahimi. "Sustainable pre-fabricated composite housing". Tese, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/86001.
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Justice, L. V., Catriona M. Morrison i M. A. Conway. "True and intentionally fabricated memories". 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13383.
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yesThe aim of the experiment reported here was to investigate the processes underlying the construction of truthful and deliberately fabricated memories. Properties of memories created to be intentionally false (fabricated memories) were compared to properties of memories believed to be true (true memories). Participants recalled and then wrote or spoke true memories and fabricated memories of everyday events. It was found that true memories were reliably more vivid than fabricated memories and were nearly always recalled from a first-person perspective. In contrast, fabricated differed from true memories in that they were judged to be reliably older, were more frequently recalled from a third-person perspective, and linguistic analysis revealed that they required more cognitive effort to generate. No notable differences were found across modality of reporting. Finally, it was found that intentionally fabricated memories were created by recalling and then “editing” true memories. Overall, these findings show that true and fabricated memories systematically differ, despite the fact that both are based on true memories.
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Chen, Guan-Jhou, i 陳冠舟. "Nanostructures Fabricated by E-beam Lithography". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68696303580506130629.
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碩士國立東華大學
應用物理研究所
93
In aspect of size, the development of science and technology always keep on studying smaller and smaller structures and is going forward to sub-100nm structures at present. So, the fabricating and studying of sub-100nm structures, nowadays an important topic of scientific and technological competition. Research of this thesis; mainly make use of electron beam lithography to define out the lithographic pattern of sub-100nm. And then utilize active ion etching technology to transfer the lithographic pattern of sub-100nm to silicon base plate and transform into the structure. Further, grow up magnetic protein molecules on these characteristic structures. Finally, observe the result of growing up and analyze growth mechanism of protein molecules in these characteristic structures by scanning probe microscopy. And measurement magnetic performance of growth result.
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Wang, Che-Hsiung, i 王哲雄. "Fabricated Tunable inductor by MEMS technology". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05814727468743678169.
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碩士大同大學
機械工程研究所
90
Abstract In RF analog, the inductors and capacitors were used in the oscillator and power amplifier (PA) devices, and the switch was applied to change the inductance and capacitance. Reducing the number of inductor and capacitors in VCO or PA, the tunable devices such as tunable inductor or tunable capacitor should be used. MEM provides the movable devices built technology in small scale. Therefore the tunable inductor is presented in the thesis by using MEMS technology. In the studying, the winding layers of the tunable inductor were Al and Cr or Cu and Ti with compound structure, and the photoresist was used as the sacrificial layer material. The electroplating technology and the evaporating were applied to deposit the metal materials. The variable inductance is based on the change of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of The compound materials. Finally, the varied inductance form 2.6nH to 1.58nH is achieved the inductor reaches a Q of 21±3 at 2.05GHz.
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Kuo, Y. C., i 郭儀正. "Fabricated microlens by using an excimer laser". Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49142686477318607648.
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碩士國立成功大學
機械工程學系
88
In this work, we try to fabricate single microlens and microlens arrays on PMMA by using an excimer laser with well designed metal masks. First, we measured the etching rates for various mask opening areas and fluences to obtain the dependence of etching rate on the fluence and the mask opening area. Then, using re-exposure method to fabricate multi-level two dimension axially symmetric planar convex microlens, based on the etching rate relationship obtained by the above procedure. Using surface profile meter to measure the cross-section of the microlens, and using multi-function scanning electron microscope to observe the three dimensional structure of the resultant microlens, we examine the feasibility of the fabrication.
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Yu, Chi Juan, i 余其俊. "60nm InGaP Homostructure Light-emitting Diodes Fabricated". Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75044650806140442966.
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HUNG-HSUEH, CHANG, i 張弘學. "Study of Aluminum Nitride Thin Films Fabricated". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21895891176076772168.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
材料科技研究所
92
The content of this thesis is to fabricate aluminum nitride thin films with c-axis preferred orientation by the reaction sputtering. Relation between the crystal orientation and the working pressure,target to substrate distance, and the temperature of target was studied. AlN thin films with c-axis preferred orientation can be obtained at substrate temperature of 300OC and room temperature. Both thin films were used as the piezoelectric layer in the surface acoustic wave devices, and their frequency of response were compared. It is confirmed that the aluminum nitride thin film with c-axis preferred orientation can be formed locally at room temperature by using the lift-off technique . Therefore, the fabrication process of the aluminum nitride thin film bulk acoustic resonator can be improved by utilizing this newly developed low temperature deposition process. The optimized growth condition for the c-axis preferred orientation aluminum nitride thin film at room temperature is with a pressure between 3×10-3 torr and 4×10-3 torr, an argon flow of 3 sccm, a nitrogen folw of 9 sccm, a target to substrate distance of 7 cm, and a radio frequency power of 250W.
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Huang, Chia-Hwe, i 黃嘉輝. "Thermoelectric Power Generator Fabricated by Electroplate Process". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06202873607829961248.
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Huang, Shih-Ying, i 黃世穎. "Fabricated and Characteristic of Zero-Dimension Material". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48493986484855374619.
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碩士逢甲大學
資訊電機工程碩士在職專班
95
In this study.We used anodization on Si/Ta/Al substrate to fabricate the tantalum oxide nanodot arrays with high density and inerratic arrangement. The results show we can control point size by changing various types of solution and the size of the electric voltage. The diameter of nanodot is about 50 to 60 nm by anodic oxidation of oxalic acid solution and is about 20 to 30 nm by Sulfuric acid solution. We changed temperature of rapid thermal anneal (RTA) to form various types of tantalum oxide nanodot.We observed the microstructure by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).The crystalline by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical Characteristics by Photoluminescence (PL).
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Liu, Kuan-Lian, i 劉冠良. "Novel WiMAX Bandpass Filter Design and Fabricated". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38482551722542599808.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
通訊與導航工程系
97
A composite WiMAX microstrip bandpass filter is proposed in this thesis. This filter employs a very wide bandwidth from 2 to 11GHz under NLOS environment of the IEEE 802.16-2004 standard, and with a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of greater than 130%. The traditional design of wideband bandpass filter is realized via the enhancement of the electromagnetic coupling in structures. However, the limitation on fabrication processes renders the bandwidth somewhat limited. The composite bandpass filter is designed embedding defected ground structure (DGS) lowpass and quarter wavelength short-circuited stub highpass filters. A half annular shape design is for four short-circuited stubs connecting with common ground plane in order to reduce the size. A wide notch band in the undesired harmonic band with the reverse double U-shaped defected ground structure (RDU-DGS). The filter is fabricated on FR4 substrate, and the cutoff frequencies of passband are realized via separately adjusting one of the DGS lowpass filter and quarter wavelength short-circuited stub hightpass filter.