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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Eye movement”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 7 lipca 2024

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1

Wang, Chang Yuan, Bing Yao, Hong Zhe Bi i Hong Bo Jia. "The Vestibular System Modeling in the Head and Eye Movement Research". Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (grudzień 2012): 2434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.2434.

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Head and eye movement is eye movement response to head movements ,the eyes are the signals generated by the vestibular system is movement.The vestibular system is important to feel the organs and tissues of the body movement,Can be said that the vestibular system response to head movement, eye movement associated with the vestibule.We can use eye movements comparing with normal eye movements to detect whether the dizziness,in this process the modeling of the vestibular system is very important.Paper summarizes the response of head and eye movement system, vestibular system in the head and eye movement systems vestibular system exercise and Research at home and abroad, raised modeling method of the head and eye movement system when turn the head.

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Steinman, R. M. "Eye movement". Vision Research 26, nr 9 (styczeń 1986): 1389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(86)90163-x.

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이윤형. "Eye movements and sentence processing: Review on eye movement measurement". Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology 21, nr 2 (czerwiec 2009): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2009.21.2.003.

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Benson, Kathleen L. "Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Eye Movements in Schizophrenia and Depression". Archives of General Psychiatry 50, nr 6 (1.06.1993): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820180076008.

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Kim, Ji-Eun, i David A. Nembhard. "Modeling the Effects of Time pressure and Feedback on Eye movements and Learning Performance". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, nr 1 (wrzesień 2018): 671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621152.

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Eye movement measurement is both non-invasive to the learner, and available at a cost that is steadily decreasing. There are currently several mainstream laptop computers on the market that ship with fully integrated eye-tracking. Eye movements will take on a role as inputs to predict individualized learning performance. In response to the increased usage of this tool, this study uses eye-tracking technology to investigate the effects of time pressure and feedback on changes in eye movement by generating structural models. We tracked participants’ eye movement, and to relate this eye movement to human learning behaviors while participants were asked to complete online training for a Project Management task. The study measured participants’ eye-movements in response to the amount of time to deadlines and feedback updating the remaining time. Results showed that eye movement partially mediated the relationship between time to deadline and task completion time. The results of the study will be advantageous in predicting individualized learning performance based on eye movements.

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El Hmimdi, Alae Eddine, Lindsey M. Ward, Themis Palpanas i Zoï Kapoula. "Predicting Dyslexia and Reading Speed in Adolescents from Eye Movements in Reading and Non-Reading Tasks: A Machine Learning Approach". Brain Sciences 11, nr 10 (11.10.2021): 1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11101337.

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There is evidence that abnormalities in eye movements exist during reading in dyslexic individuals. A few recent studies applied Machine Learning (ML) classifiers to such eye movement data to predict dyslexia. A general problem with these studies is that eye movement data sets are limited to reading saccades and fixations that are confounded by reading difficulty, e.g., it is unclear whether abnormalities are the consequence or the cause of reading difficulty. Recently, Ward and Kapoula used LED targets (with the REMOBI & AIDEAL method) to demonstrate abnormalities of large saccades and vergence eye movements in depth demonstrating intrinsic eye movement problems independent from reading in dyslexia. In another study, binocular eye movements were studied while reading two texts: one using the “Alouette” text, which has no meaning and requires word decoding, the other using a meaningful text. It was found the Alouette text exacerbates eye movement abnormalities in dyslexics. In this paper, we more precisely quantify the quality of such eye movement descriptors for dyslexia detection. We use the descriptors produced in the four different setups as input to multiple classifiers and compare their generalization performances. Our results demonstrate that eye movement data from the Alouette test predicts dyslexia with an accuracy of 81.25%; similarly, we were able to predict dyslexia with an accuracy of 81.25% when using data from saccades to LED targets on the Remobi device and 77.3% when using vergence movements to LED targets. Noticeably, eye movement data from the meaningful text produced the lowest accuracy (70.2%). In a subsequent analysis, ML algorithms were applied to predict reading speed based on eye movement descriptors extracted from the meaningful reading, then from Remobi saccade and vergence tests. Remobi vergence eye movement descriptors can predict reading speed even better than eye movement descriptors from the meaningful reading test.

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Fooken, Jolande, Kathryn Lalonde i Miriam Spering. "When hand movements improve eye movement performance". Journal of Vision 16, nr 12 (1.09.2016): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/16.12.374.

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Swanston, M. "Interaction of induced movement and eye movements". Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 14, nr 4 (październik 1994): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0275-5408(94)90188-0.

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Knight, Thomas A., i Albert F. Fuchs. "Contribution of the Frontal Eye Field to Gaze Shifts in the Head-Unrestrained Monkey: Effects of Microstimulation". Journal of Neurophysiology 97, nr 1 (styczeń 2007): 618–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00256.2006.

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The role of the primate frontal eye field (FEF) has been inferred primarily from experiments investigating saccadic eye movements with the head restrained. Three recent reports investigating head-unrestrained gaze shifts disagree on whether head movements are evoked with FEF stimulation and thus whether the FEF participates in gaze movement commands. We therefore examined the eye, head, and overall gaze movement evoked by low-intensity microstimulation of the low-threshold region of the FEF in two head-unrestrained monkeys. Microstimulation applied at 200 or 350 Hz for 200 ms evoked large gaze shifts with substantial head movement components from most sites in the dorsomedial FEF, but evoked small, predominantly eye-only gaze shifts from ventrolateral sites. The size and direction of gaze and eye movements were strongly affected by the eye position before stimulation. Head movements exhibited little position dependency, but at some sites and initial eye positions, head-only movements were evoked. Stimulus-evoked gaze shifts and their eye and head components resembled those elicited naturally by visual targets. With stimulus train durations >200 ms, the evoked gaze shifts were more likely to be accomplished with a substantial head movement, which often continued for the entire stimulus duration. The amplitude, duration and peak velocity of the evoked head movement were more strongly correlated with stimulus duration than were those of the gaze or eye movements. We conclude that the dorsomedial FEF generates a gaze command signal that can produce eye, head, or combined eye–head movement depending on the initial orbital position of the eye.

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Rizzo, John-Ross, Mahya Beheshti, Weiwei Dai i Janet C. Rucker. "Eye Movement Recordings: Practical Applications in Neurology". Seminars in Neurology 39, nr 06 (grudzień 2019): 775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698742.

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AbstractAccurate detection and interpretation of eye movement abnormalities often guides differential diagnosis, discussions on prognosis and disease mechanisms, and directed treatment of disabling visual symptoms and signs. A comprehensive clinical eye movement examination is high yield from a diagnostic standpoint; however, skillful recording and quantification of eye movements can increase detection of subclinical deficits, confirm clinical suspicions, guide therapeutics, and generate expansive research opportunities. This review encompasses an overview of the clinical eye movement examination, provides examples of practical diagnostic contributions from quantitative recordings of eye movements, and comments on recording equipment and related challenges.

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Bour, L. J., M. Aramideh i B. W. Ongerboer De Visser. "Neurophysiological Aspects of Eye and Eyelid Movements During Blinking in Humans". Journal of Neurophysiology 83, nr 1 (1.01.2000): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.1.166.

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The neural relationships between eyelid movements and eye movements during spontaneous, voluntary, and reflex blinking in a group of healthy subjects were examined. Electromyographic (EMG) recording of the orbicularis oculi (OO) muscles was performed using surface electrodes. Concurrently, horizontal and vertical eye positions were recorded by means of the double magnetic induction (DMI) ring method. In addition, movement of the upper eyelid was measured by a specially designed search coil, placed on the upper eyelid. The reflex blink was elicited electrically by supraorbital nerve stimulation either on the right or the left side. It is found that disconjugate oblique eye movements accompany spontaneous, voluntary as well as reflex blinking. Depending on the gaze position before blinking, the amplitude of horizontal and vertical components of the eye movement during blinking varies in a systematic way. With adduction and downward gaze the amplitude is minimal. With abduction the horizontal amplitude increases, whereas with upward gaze the vertical amplitude increases. Unilateral electrical supraorbital nerve stimulation at low currents elicits eye movements with a bilateral late component. At stimulus intensities approximately two to three times above the threshold, the early ipsilateral blink reflex response (R1) in the OO muscle can be observed together with an early ipsilateral eye movement component at a latency of ∼15 ms. In addition, during the electrical blink reflex, early ipsilateral and late bilateral components can also be identified in the upper eyelid movement. In contrast to the late bilateral component of upper eyelid movement, the early ipsilateral component of upper eyelid movement appears to open the eye to a greater degree. This early ipsilateral component of upper eyelid movement occurs more or less simultaneously with the early eye movement component. It is suggested that both early ipsilateral movements following electrical stimulation do not have a central neural origin. Late components of the eye movements slightly precede the late components of the eyelid movement. Synchrony between late components of eyelid movements and eye movements as well as similarity of oblique eye movement components in different types of blinking suggest the existence of a premotor neural structure acting as a generator that coordinates impulses to different subnuclei of the oculomotor nucleus as well as the facial nerve nucleus during blinking independent from the ocular saccadic and/or vergence system. The profile and direction of the eye movement rotation during blinking gives support to the idea that it may be secondary to eyeball retraction; an extra cocontraction of the inferior and superior rectus muscle would be sufficient to explain both eye retraction and rotation in the horizontal vertical and torsional planes.

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12

Hsu, Wei-Yen, Ya-Wen Cheng i Chong-Bin Tsai. "An Effective Algorithm to Analyze the Optokinetic Nystagmus Waveforms from a Low-Cost Eye Tracker". Healthcare 10, nr 7 (10.07.2022): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10071281.

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Objective: Most neurological diseases are usually accompanied by changes in the oculomotor nerve. Analysis of different types of eye movements will help provide important information in ophthalmology, neurology, and psychology. At present, many scholars use optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) to study the physiological phenomenon of eye movement. OKN is an involuntary eye movement induced by a large moving surrounding visual field. It consists of a slow pursuing eye movement, called “slow phase” (SP), and a fast re-fixating saccade eye movement, called “fast phase” (FP). Non-invasive video-oculography has been used increasingly in eye movement research. However, research-grade eye trackers are often expensive and less accessible to most researchers. Using a low-cost eye tracker to quantitatively measure OKN eye movement will facilitate the general application of eye movement research. Methods & Results: We design an analytical algorithm to quantitatively measure OKN eye movements on a low-cost eye tracker. Using simple conditional filtering, accurate FP positions can be obtained quickly. The high-precision FP recognition rate is of great help for the subsequent calculation of eye movement analysis parameters, such as mean slow phase velocity (MSPV), which is beneficial as a reference index for patients with strabismus and other eye diseases. Conclusions: Experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves faster and better results than other approaches, and can provide an effective algorithm to calculate and analyze the FP position of OKN waveforms.

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Wang, Shu, Qing Wang i Hong Chen. "Research and Application of Eye Movement Interaction based on Eye Movement Recognition". MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 03038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824603038.

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Generally, human-computer interaction is an interaction and operation between users and machine hardware. The user submits instructions to the machine, and the machine outputs the processed data and results to the user after receiving the instructions from the user. Mouse, keyboard, etc. are common input channels. With the maturity of eye tracking technology and the development of equipment miniaturization, turning eye movements into human-computer interaction input channels has become a hot spot in the field of human-computer interaction. Therefore, this paper analysed the physiological characteristics of eye movement, proposed the design principles and framework of eye movement interaction, and designed three kinds of eye movement recognition algorithms of fixation, saccade and blink. On this basis, using Unity 3D cross-platform development engine as a development tool, a children’s attention training game application based on eye movement interaction is designed. The game is designed to combine eye movement interaction technology with attention training mode, simplify the control mode of the game, get attention feedback at the first time, achieve better training effect and improve the efficiency of human-computer interaction.

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Reynolds, James D. "Eye Movement Disorders". American Orthoptic Journal 58, nr 1 (styczeń 2008): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/aoj.58.1.114.

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Heide, Wolfgang, i Detlef Kömpf. "Eye movement disorders". Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 3, nr 5 (październik 1992): 599–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00055735-199210000-00007.

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Liu, Grant T., Nicholas J. Volpe i Steven L. Galetta. "Eye movement disorders". Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 6, nr 6 (grudzień 1995): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00055735-199512000-00005.

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Rucker, Janet. "Eye Movement Disorders". Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology 28, nr 4 (grudzień 2008): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wno.0000342368.61290.8c.

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Becker, Stefanie I., Gernot Horstmann i Arvid Herwig. "Eye Movement Control". Journal of Ophthalmology 2014 (2014): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/262541.

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Marsden, C. "Eye Movement Disorders". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 51, nr 4 (1.04.1988): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.51.4.600.

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Houtman, W. A. "Eye Movement Disorders". Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 91, nr 1 (styczeń 1989): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0303-8467(89)80028-9.

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Clement, Richard. "Eye Movement Space". Mathematical Intelligencer 38, nr 1 (25.01.2016): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00283-015-9576-3.

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Lee, J. P. "Eye Movement Disorders". British Journal of Ophthalmology 73, nr 7 (1.07.1989): 581–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.73.7.581-a.

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Shawkat, F., C. M. Harris, M. Jacobs, D. Taylor i E. M. Brett. "Eye movement tics." British Journal of Ophthalmology 76, nr 11 (1.11.1992): 697–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.76.11.697.

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Vaughan, K., M. Wiese, R. Gold i N. Tarrier. "Eye-Movement Desensitisation". British Journal of Psychiatry 164, nr 4 (kwiecień 1994): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.164.4.533.

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A novel approach is described for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Eye-movement desensitisation (EMD) requires the patient to generate images of the trauma in the mind and define physiological and emotional arousal states. While concentrating on these states, lateral multisaccardic eye movements are induced. Ten consecutive cases are reported who presented with symptoms originating from a range of traumas. The effectiveness of EMD in reducing symptoms outlined by DSM–III–R is described. An independent rater indicated that eight of the ten cases showed considerable improvement in PTSD symptoms following EMD, which was maintained at follow-up. Particular reference is given to the ‘specificity’ of EMD in treating symptoms and the changing pattern of effect at follow-up.

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Waespe, Walter. "Eye movement disorders". Current Opinion in Neurology 6, nr 5 (październik 1993): 731–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019052-199310000-00009.

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BORRUAT, F. "Eye movement examination". Acta Ophthalmologica 92 (20.08.2014): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2014.4461.x.

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Daroff, Robert B. "Eye Movement Disorders". Archives of Ophthalmology 107, nr 11 (1.11.1989): 1577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1989.01070020655016.

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Murray, Wayne S. "The eye-movement engine". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26, nr 4 (sierpień 2003): 494–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x03390107.

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E-Z Reader fits key parameters from one corpus of eye movement data, but has not really been tested with new data sets. More critically, it is argued that the key mechanism driving eye movements – a serial process involving a proportion of word recognition time – is implausible on the basis of a broad range of experimental findings.

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Xia, Mei-Ian, Sakae Takahashi, Eiichi Tanabe, Masato Matsuura, Akio Takano, Takuya Kojima, Eisuke Matsushima i in. "PS-30-9 Exploratory eye movement, closed-eye eye movement and smooth pursuit eye movement studies on schizophrenics and their parents". Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control 97, nr 4 (wrzesień 1995): S161—S162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-980x(95)93022-l.

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Cui, Zhe, Ying-Ying Tang i Myoung-Kwon Kim. "The Effects of Different Kinds of Smooth Pursuit Exercises on Center of Pressure and Muscle Activities during One Leg Standing". Healthcare 10, nr 12 (9.12.2022): 2498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122498.

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This study examined the effects of gaze fixation and different kinds of smooth-pursuit eye movements on the trunk and lower extremity muscle activities and center of pressure. Methods: Twenty-four subjects were selected for the study. The activity of trunk and lower limb muscles (tibialis anterior, lateral gastrocnemius, medial gastrocnemius, vastus midialis obliques, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, rectus abdominis, and erector spinae) and the COP (center of pressure) (surface area ellipse, length, and average speed) were measured to observe the effects of gaze fixation and different kinds of smooth-pursuit eye movements on the center of pressure and muscle activities during one leg standing. Before the experiment, a Gaze point GP3 HD Eye Tracker (Gazept, Vancouver, BC, Canada) was used to train eye movement so that the subjects would be familiar with smooth eye movement. Repeated each exercise 3 times at random. In order to avoid the sequence deviation caused by fatigue, the movement sequence is randomly selected. Result: The center of pressure and muscle activities were increased significantly when the smooth-pursuit eye movement with one leg standing compared with gaze fixation with one leg standing. In smooth-pursuit eye movements, the changes in the center of pressure and muscle activities were increased significantly with eye and head movement. When the head and eyes moved in opposite directions, the center of pressure and muscle activities were increased more than with any other exercises. Conclusion: Smooth-pursuit eye movement with one leg movement affects balance. In particular, in the smooth-pursuit eye movement with one leg standing, there were higher requirements for balance when the eyes and head move in the opposite direction. Therefore, this movement can be recommended to people who need to enhance their balance ability.

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Kassavetis, Panagiotis, Diego Kaski, Tim Anderson i Mark Hallett. "Eye Movement Disorders in Movement Disorders". Movement Disorders Clinical Practice 9, nr 3 (16.02.2022): 284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.13413.

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Lal, Vivek, i Daniel Truong. "Eye movement abnormalities in movement disorders". Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 1 (2019): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prdoa.2019.08.004.

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Patel, Gauranga Jeram, i John McDowall. "The Role of Eye Movements in EMDR: Conducting Eye Movements While Concentrating on Negative Autobiographical Memories Results in Fewer Intrusions". Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 10, nr 1 (2016): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.10.1.13.

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In dismantling eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, researchers have found that the central executive is likely responsible for the effect of eye movements on negative memories. Arguably, however, researchers have not satisfactorily explained central executive mechanisms responsible. One possible central executive mechanism is that of suppression. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of eye movements on vividness, emotionality, and suppression of memories. Thirty-one nonclinical participants in Experiment 1 completed fast- and no-eye-movement conditions. Thirty-three nonclinical participants in Experiment 2 completed fast-, slow-, and no-eye-movement conditions. Number of intrusions during a suppression period and self-ratings of vividness and emotionality were the dependent variables in both experiments. Experiment 2 also included a measure of central executive capacity. Results from both experiments supported the hypotheses and showed that fast eye movements resulted in fewer intrusions than no- and slow-eye-movement conditions. Experiment 2 also found a correlation between number of intrusions after fast eye movements and central executive capacity. Limitations of this research are discussed as well as possibilities for future research and implications for understanding EMDR therapy.

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Tatara, Shunya, Haruo Toda, Fumiatsu Maeda i Tomoya Handa. "Development of a New Eye Movement Measurement Device Using Eye-Tracking Analysis Technology". Applied Sciences 13, nr 10 (12.05.2023): 5968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13105968.

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Smooth pursuit eye movements and saccadic eye movements are vital for precise vision. Therefore, tests for eye movement are important for assessing nervous or muscular diseases. However, objective measurements are not frequently performed due to the need for a polygraph system, electrodes, amplifier, and personal computer for data analysis. To address this, we developed an all-in-one eye-movement-measuring device that simultaneously presents visual stimuli, records eye positions, and examines its feasibility for evaluating eye movements. This device generates stimulus that induces eye movements and records those movements continuously. The horizontal or vertical eye movements of 16 participants were measured at various visual target speeds of 20–100 deg/s. The maximum cross-correlation coefficient (rho max) between the eye and visual target positions was used as an index of eye movement accuracy. A repeated-measures multi-way analysis of variance was performed, with the main effect being that rho max significantly decreased as the visual target speed increased. The average (±standard deviation) rho max values across all velocities were 0.995 ± 0.008 and 0.967 ± 0.062 in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, and were significantly higher for horizontal eye movements than for vertical eye movements. Moreover, rho max and saccadic frequency were significantly correlated for the slowest and fastest visual target motions. These suggest that our device enables accurate measurements of eye movements. We believe our new measurement device can be applied clinically for easily and objectively evaluating eye movements.

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Mandolesi, L., G. Piraccini, F. Ambrosini, F. L. Vetere, R. P. Sant’Angelo, R. Raggini i M. Benassi. "Smooth pursuit eye movements in psychiatric inpatients". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (kwiecień 2017): S764—S765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1438.

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IntroductionEye movements are used in several studies as a biomarker in order to evaluate cortical alterations in psychiatric disorders. Pursuit eye movements’ deficits were found both in schizophrenia and in affective disorder patients. Nevertheless, these findings are still controversial.ObjectivesSet up a system to record and evaluate the eye movements in psychiatric patients.AimsTo verify the applicability of a smooth pursuit task in a sample of psychiatric inpatients and to prove its efficiency in discriminating patient and control group performance.MethodsA sample of psychiatric inpatients was tested at psychiatric service of diagnosis and care of AUSL Romagna-Cesena. Eye movement measures were collected at a sampling rate of 60 Hz using the eye tribe tracker, a bar plugged into a PC, placed below the screen and containing both webcam and infrared illumination. Subjects underwent to a smooth pursuit eye movement task. They had to visually follow a white dot target moving horizontally on a black background with a sinusoidal velocity. At the end of the task, a chart of the eye movements done is shown on the screen. Data are off-line analyzed to calculate several eye movement parameters: gain, eye movement delay with respect to the movement of the target, maximum speed and number of saccades exhibited during pursuit.ResultsPatients compared to controls showed higher delay and lower gain values.ConclusionsFindings confirm the adequacy of this method in order to detect eye movement differences between psychiatric patients and controls in a smooth pursuit task.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Kreyenmeier, Philipp, Jolande Fooken i Miriam Spering. "Context effects on smooth pursuit and manual interception of a disappearing target". Journal of Neurophysiology 118, nr 1 (1.07.2017): 404–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00217.2017.

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In our natural environment, we interact with moving objects that are surrounded by richly textured, dynamic visual contexts. Yet most laboratory studies on vision and movement show visual objects in front of uniform gray backgrounds. Context effects on eye movements have been widely studied, but it is less well known how visual contexts affect hand movements. Here we ask whether eye and hand movements integrate motion signals from target and context similarly or differently, and whether context effects on eye and hand change over time. We developed a track-intercept task requiring participants to track the initial launch of a moving object (“ball”) with smooth pursuit eye movements. The ball disappeared after a brief presentation, and participants had to intercept it in a designated “hit zone.” In two experiments ( n = 18 human observers each), the ball was shown in front of a uniform or a textured background that either was stationary or moved along with the target. Eye and hand movement latencies and speeds were similarly affected by the visual context, but eye and hand interception (eye position at time of interception, and hand interception timing error) did not differ significantly between context conditions. Eye and hand interception timing errors were strongly correlated on a trial-by-trial basis across all context conditions, highlighting the close relation between these responses in manual interception tasks. Our results indicate that visual contexts similarly affect eye and hand movements but that these effects may be short-lasting, affecting movement trajectories more than movement end points. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In a novel track-intercept paradigm, human observers tracked a briefly shown object moving across a textured, dynamic context and intercepted it with their finger after it had disappeared. Context motion significantly affected eye and hand movement latency and speed, but not interception accuracy; eye and hand position at interception were correlated on a trial-by-trial basis. Visual context effects may be short-lasting, affecting movement trajectories more than movement end points.

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Phillips, J. O., L. Ling, A. F. Fuchs, C. Siebold i J. J. Plorde. "Rapid horizontal gaze movement in the monkey". Journal of Neurophysiology 73, nr 4 (1.04.1995): 1632–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.4.1632.

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1. We studied horizontal eye and head movements in three monkeys that were trained to direct their gaze (eye position in space) toward jumping targets while their heads were both fixed and free to rotate about a vertical axis. We considered all gaze movements that traveled > or = 80% of the distance to the new visual target. 2. The relative contributions and metrics of eye and head movements to the gaze shift varied considerably from animal to animal and even within animals. Head movements could be initiated early or late and could be large or small. The eye movements of some monkeys showed a consistent decrease in velocity as the head accelerated, whereas others did not. Although all gaze shifts were hypometric, they were more hypometric in some monkeys than in others. Nevertheless, certain features of the gaze shift were identifiable in all monkeys. To identify those we analyzed gaze, eye in head position, and head position, and their velocities at three points in time during the gaze shift: 1) when the eye had completed its initial rotation toward the target, 2) when the initial gaze shift had landed, and 3) when the head movement was finished. 3. For small gaze shifts (< 20 degrees) the initial gaze movement consisted entirely of an eye movement because the head did not move. As gaze shifts became larger, the eye movement contribution saturated at approximately 30 degrees and the head movement contributed increasingly to the initial gaze movement. For the largest gaze shifts, the eye usually began counterrolling or remained stable in the orbit before gaze landed. During the interval between eye and gaze end, the head alone carried gaze to completion. Finally, when the head movement landed, it was almost aimed at the target and the eye had returned to within 10 +/- 7 degrees, mean +/- SD, of straight ahead. Between the end of the gaze shift and the end of the head movement, gaze remained stable in space or a small correction saccade occurred. 4. Gaze movements < 20 degrees landed accurately on target whether the head was fixed or free. For larger target movements, both head-free and head-fixed gaze shifts became increasingly hypometric. Head-free gaze shifts were more accurate, on average, but also more variable. This suggests that gaze is controlled in a different way with the head free. For target amplitudes < 60 degrees, head position was hypometric but the error was rather constant at approximately 10 degrees.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Pearson, Toni S., Roser Pons, Kristin Engelstad, Steven A. Kane, Michael E. Goldberg i Darryl C. De Vivo. "Paroxysmal eye–head movements in Glut1 deficiency syndrome". Neurology 88, nr 17 (24.03.2017): 1666–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000003867.

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Objective:To describe a characteristic paroxysmal eye–head movement disorder that occurs in infants with Glut1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1 DS).Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 101 patients with Glut1 DS to obtain clinical data about episodic abnormal eye movements and analyzed video recordings of 18 eye movement episodes from 10 patients.Results:A documented history of paroxysmal abnormal eye movements was found in 32/101 patients (32%), and a detailed description was available in 18 patients, presented here. Episodes started before age 6 months in 15/18 patients (83%), and preceded the onset of seizures in 10/16 patients (63%) who experienced both types of episodes. Eye movement episodes resolved, with or without treatment, by 6 years of age in 7/8 patients with documented long-term course. Episodes were brief (usually <5 minutes). Video analysis revealed that the eye movements were rapid, multidirectional, and often accompanied by a head movement in the same direction. Eye movements were separated by clear intervals of fixation, usually ranging from 200 to 800 ms. The movements were consistent with eye–head gaze saccades. These movements can be distinguished from opsoclonus by the presence of a clear intermovement fixation interval and the association of a same-direction head movement.Conclusions:Paroxysmal eye–head movements, for which we suggest the term aberrant gaze saccades, are an early symptom of Glut1 DS in infancy. Recognition of the episodes will facilitate prompt diagnosis of this treatable neurodevelopmental disorder.

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Tang, Yushou, i Jianhuan Su. "Eye Movement Prediction Based on Adaptive BP Neural Network". Scientific Programming 2021 (11.09.2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4977620.

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This paper uses adaptive BP neural networks to conduct an in-depth examination of eye movements during reading and to predict reading effects. An important component for the implementation of visual tracking systems is the correct detection of eye movement using the actual data or real-world datasets. We propose the identification of three typical types of eye movements, namely, gaze, leap, and smooth navigation, using an adaptive BP neural network-based recognition algorithm for eye movement. This study assesses the BP neural network algorithm using the eye movement tracking sensors. For the experimental environment, four types of eye movement signals were acquired from 10 subjects to perform preliminary processing of the acquired signals. The experimental results demonstrate that the recognition rate of the algorithm provided in this paper can reach up to 97%, which is superior to the commonly used CNN algorithm.

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ALIPOUR, HEDIEH, HAMIDREZA NAMAZI, HAMED AZARNOUSH i SAJAD JAFARI. "FRACTAL-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF COLOR TONALITY ON HUMAN EYE MOVEMENTS". Fractals 27, nr 03 (maj 2019): 1950040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x19500403.

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An important category of studies in vision science is related to the analysis of the influence of environmental changes on human eye movement. In this way, scientists analyze human eye movement in different conditions using different methods. An important category of works is devoted to the decoding of eye reaction to color tonality. In this research for the first time, we examined the application of fractal theory for decoding of eye reaction to variations in color intensity of visual stimuli. Three green visual stimuli with different color intensities have been applied to subjects and accordingly the fractal dimension of their eye movements has been analyzed. We also tested the eye movement in non-stimulation condition (rest). Based on the obtained results, increasing the color intensity of visual stimuli caused a lower complexity in subject’s eye movement. We also observed that eye movement is less complex in case of non-stimulation compared to different stimulation conditions. The application of fractal theory in analysis of eye movement can be extended to analyze the effect of other stimulation conditions on eye movement to investigate about the decoding behavior of human eye, which is very important in vision science.

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Jung, Ileok, i Ji-Soo Kim. "Abnormal Eye Movements in Parkinsonism and Movement Disorders". Journal of Movement Disorders 12, nr 1 (30.01.2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14802/jmd.18034.

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Hessels, Roy S., Diederick C. Niehorster, Marcus Nyström, Richard Andersson i Ignace T. C. Hooge. "Is the eye-movement field confused about fixations and saccades? A survey among 124 researchers". Royal Society Open Science 5, nr 8 (sierpień 2018): 180502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180502.

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Eye movements have been extensively studied in a wide range of research fields. While new methods such as mobile eye tracking and eye tracking in virtual/augmented realities are emerging quickly, the eye-movement terminology has scarcely been revised. We assert that this may cause confusion about two of the main concepts: fixations and saccades. In this study, we assessed the definitions of fixations and saccades held in the eye-movement field, by surveying 124 eye-movement researchers. These eye-movement researchers held a variety of definitions of fixations and saccades, of which the breadth seems even wider than what is reported in the literature. Moreover, these definitions did not seem to be related to researcher background or experience. We urge researchers to make their definitions more explicit by specifying all the relevant components of the eye movement under investigation: (i) the oculomotor component: e.g. whether the eye moves slow or fast; (ii) the functional component: what purposes does the eye movement (or lack thereof) serve; (iii) the coordinate system used: relative to what does the eye move; (iv) the computational definition: how is the event represented in the eye-tracker signal. This should enable eye-movement researchers from different fields to have a discussion without misunderstandings.

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Chi, Young Hoon, Soon Bok Kwon, Tae Kyung Koh, Joo Young Woo, Hee Ung Choi, Jin Woo An, Hye Jung Ko i Soo Kweon Koo. "Acoustic Analysis of Snoring Sounds in Rapid Eye Movement (REM) and Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) (N2) Sleep in OSAS patients". Journal of Clinical Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 34, nr 3 (wrzesień 2023): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35420/jcohns.2023.34.3.76.

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Tian, J. R., i J. C. Lynch. "Functionally defined smooth and saccadic eye movement subregions in the frontal eye field of Cebus monkeys". Journal of Neurophysiology 76, nr 4 (1.10.1996): 2740–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.4.2740.

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1. Intracortical microstimulation was used to localize and define the smooth and saccadic eye movement subregions of the frontal eye field (FEF) and the supplementary eye field (SEF) in nine hemispheres of six Cebus apella monkeys and to map the hand/arm areas in the dorsal premotor area and other adjacent areas in five hemispheres of three C. apella monkeys. Monkeys were anesthetized during experiments with Telazol, a dissociative agent that has no significant effect on microstimulation-induced eye movement parameters (current threshold, velocity, and duration). The functional subregions were defined with the use of low threshold current (< or = 50 microA). Electrically elicited eye movements were videotaped and quantified. The two types of eye movements were clearly distinguished by their significantly different duration and velocity (P < 0.0001) and their different responses to long stimulus trains. 2. The saccadic subregion of the FEF in Cebus monkeys is in the same location as in macaque monkeys (Walker's areas 8a and 45). Most of the functional and anatomic characteristics of the saccadic subregion of Cebus are the same as those reported in the saccadic FEF subregion of macaque monkeys. 3. A subregion in which only smooth eye movements were evoked was found in the posterior shoulder of the superior arcuate sulcus near its medial tip. A band of inexcitable cortex separated the SEF and this smooth eye movement subregion of the FEF. This supports the proposal that the smooth eye movement subregion is independent of the SEF but is analogous to the saccadic subregion of the FEF. The existence of two subregions of the FEF was further confirmed by single-unit recording results. It is proposed that the smooth eye movement subregion in Cebus monkeys may be comparable with the one described in macaque monkeys. 4. Both saccadic and smooth eye movements were also reliably evoked in the SEF in each hemisphere studied. This result strongly indicates that the SEF is concerned with not only saccadic eye movements, as previously reported, but also with smooth (pursuit) eye movements.

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Tsai, Chong-Bin, Wei-Yu Hung i Wei-Yen Hsu. "A Fast and Effective System for Analysis of Optokinetic Waveforms with a Low-Cost Eye Tracking Device". Healthcare 9, nr 1 (23.12.2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9010010.

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Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is an involuntary eye movement induced by motion of a large proportion of the visual field. It consists of a “slow phase (SP)” with eye movements in the same direction as the movement of the pattern and a “fast phase (FP)” with saccadic eye movements in the opposite direction. Study of OKN can reveal valuable information in ophthalmology, neurology and psychology. However, the current commercially available high-resolution and research-grade eye tracker is usually expensive. Methods & Results: We developed a novel fast and effective system combined with a low-cost eye tracking device to accurately quantitatively measure OKN eye movement. Conclusions: The experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves fast and promising results in comparisons with several traditional approaches.

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Nissens, Tom, i Katja Fiehler. "Saccades and reaches curve away from the other effector’s target in simultaneous eye and hand movements". Journal of Neurophysiology 119, nr 1 (1.01.2018): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00618.2017.

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Simultaneous eye and hand movements are highly coordinated and tightly coupled. This raises the question whether the selection of eye and hand targets relies on a shared attentional mechanism or separate attentional systems. Previous studies have revealed conflicting results by reporting evidence for both a shared as well as separate systems. Movement properties such as movement curvature can provide novel insights into this question as they provide a sensitive measure for attentional allocation during target selection. In the current study, participants performed simultaneous eye and hand movements to the same or different visual target locations. We show that both saccade and reaching movements curve away from the other effector’s target location when they are simultaneously performed to spatially distinct locations. We argue that there is a shared attentional mechanism involved in selecting eye and hand targets that may be found on the level of effector-independent priority maps. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Movement properties such as movement curvature have been widely neglected as important sources of information in investigating whether the attentional systems underlying target selection for eye and hand movements are separate or shared. We convincingly show that movement curvature is influenced by the other effector’s target location in simultaneous eye and hand movements to spatially distinct locations. Our results provide evidence for shared attentional systems involved in the selection of saccade and reach targets.

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Carpenter, R. H. S. "Supplementary Eye Field: Keeping an Eye on Eye Movement". Current Biology 14, nr 11 (czerwiec 2004): R416—R418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.05.032.

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Lappe, Markus, Martin Pekel i Klaus-Peter Hoffmann. "Optokinetic Eye Movements Elicited by Radial Optic Flow in the Macaque Monkey". Journal of Neurophysiology 79, nr 3 (1.03.1998): 1461–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.3.1461.

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Lappe, Markus, Martin Pekel, and Klaus-Peter Hoffmann. Optokinetic eye movements elicited by radial optic flow in the macaque monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1461–1480, 1998. We recorded spontaneous eye movements elicited by radial optic flow in three macaque monkeys using the scleral search coil technique. Computer-generated stimuli simulated forward or backward motion of the monkey with respect to a number of small illuminated dots arranged on a virtual ground plane. We wanted to see whether optokinetic eye movements are induced by radial optic flow stimuli that simulate self-movement, quantify their parameters, and consider their effects on the processing of optic flow. A regular pattern of interchanging fast and slow eye movements with a frequency of 2 Hz was observed. When we shifted the horizontal position of the focus of expansion (FOE) during simulated forward motion (expansional optic flow), median horizontal eye position also shifted in the same direction but only by a smaller amount; for simulated backward motion (contractional optic flow), median eye position shifted in the opposite direction. We relate this to a change in Schlagfeld typically observed in optokinetic nystagmus. Direction and speed of slow phase eye movements were compared with the local flow field motion in gaze direction (the foveal flow). Eye movement direction matched well the foveal motion. Small systematic deviations could be attributed to an integration of the global motion pattern. Eye speed on average did not match foveal stimulus speed, as the median gain was only ∼0.5–0.6. The gain was always lower for expanding than for contracting stimuli. We analyzed the time course of the eye movement immediately after each saccade. We found remarkable differences in the initial development of gain and directional following for expansion and contraction. For expansion, directional following and gain were initially poor and strongly influenced by the ongoing eye movement before the saccade. This was not the case for contraction. These differences also can be linked to properties of the optokinetic system. We conclude that optokinetic eye movements can be elicited by radial optic flow fields simulating self-motion. These eye movements are linked to the parafoveal flow field, i.e., the motion in the direction of gaze. In the retinal projection of the optic flow, such eye movements superimpose retinal slip. This results in complex retinal motion patterns, especially because the gain of the eye movement is small and variable. This observation has special relevance for mechanisms that determine self-motion from retinal flow fields. It is necessary to consider the influence of eye movements in optic flow analysis, but our results suggest that direction and speed of an eye movement should be treated differently.

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Gandhi, Neeraj J., i David L. Sparks. "Dissociation of Eye and Head Components of Gaze Shifts by Stimulation of the Omnipause Neuron Region". Journal of Neurophysiology 98, nr 1 (lipiec 2007): 360–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00252.2007.

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Natural movements often include actions integrated across multiple effectors. Coordinated eye-head movements are driven by a command to shift the line of sight by a desired displacement vector. Yet because extraocular and neck motoneurons are separate entities, the gaze shift command must be separated into independent signals for eye and head movement control. We report that this separation occurs, at least partially, at or before the level of pontine omnipause neurons (OPNs). Stimulation of the OPNs prior to and during gaze shifts temporally decoupled the eye and head components by inhibiting gaze and eye saccades. In contrast, head movements were consistently initiated before gaze onset, and ongoing head movements continued along their trajectories, albeit with some characteristic modulations. After stimulation offset, a gaze shift composed of an eye saccade, and a reaccelerated head movement was produced to preserve gaze accuracy. We conclude that signals subject to OPN inhibition produce the eye-movement component of a coordinated eye-head gaze shift and are not the only signals involved in the generation of the head component of the gaze shift.

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Kianicka, Irenej, Véronique Diaz, Dominique Dorion i Jean-Paul Praud. "Coordination between glottic adductor muscle and diaphragm EMG activity in fetal lambs in utero". Journal of Applied Physiology 84, nr 5 (1.05.1998): 1560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.84.5.1560.

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It has previously been reported that active glottic adduction is present during prolonged apneas but absent during periods of breathing movements in fetal lambs in utero. The present study was aimed at examining the precise coordination between fetal breathing movements [diaphragm electromyographic (EMG) activity (Di EMG)] and glottic adduction [thyroarytenoid muscle EMG activity (TA EMG)]. Electrodes for electroencephalogram, eye movements, TA EMG, and Di EMG and an arterial catheter were surgically implanted in fetal lambs 123–142 days postconception. Polygraphic recordings were performed without sedation while the ewe breathed room air ( n = 11) or various gas mixtures (hypoxia, n = 5; hyperoxia, n = 4; hypercapnia, n = 5; hypercapnia+hyperoxia, n = 5). Tonic TA EMG was observed throughout >90% of apneas (>6 s) in both non-rapid-eye-movement and rapid-eye-movement sleep, and when Di EMG frequency decreased in rapid-eye-movement sleep. In all but two fetuses, TA EMG was immediately inhibited when Di EMG appeared. Altering blood gases did not modify these results. In conclusion, Di EMG and TA EMG are well coordinated in late gestation in fetal lambs, except in a few cases. These findings may have consequences for understanding the pathogenesis of mixed/obstructive apneas of prematurity.

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