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1
Hossain, Akdas, i Emma Miléus. "Eye Movement Event Detection for Wearable Eye Trackers". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematik och tillämpad matematik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129616.
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Eye tracking research is a growing area and the fields as where eye trackingcould be used in research are large. To understand the eye tracking data dif-ferent filters are used to classify the measured eye movements. To get accu-rate classification this thesis has investigated the possibility to measure bothhead movements and eye movements in order to improve the estimated gazepoint.The thesis investigates the difference in using head movement compensationwith a velocity based filter, I-VT filter, to using the same filter without headmovement compensation. Further on different velocity thresholds are testedto find where the performance of the filter is the best. The study is made with amobile eye tracker, where this problem exist since you have no absolute frameof reference as opposed to when using remote eye trackers. The head move-ment compensation shows promising results with higher precision overall.
2
Bergström, Peter. "Eye-movement controlled image coding /". Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/tek831s.pdf.
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Kavasakali, Maria. "Saccadic eye movement measurements in the normal eye : investigating the clinical value of a non-invasive eye movement monitoring apparatus". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3577.
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Clinicians are becoming increasingly aware of the effect of various pathologies on the characteristics of saccadic eye movements. As such, an efficient and non-invasive means of measuring eye-movement in a clinical environment is of interest to many. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the clinical application of a non-invasive eye movement recording technique as a part of a clinical examination. Eye movements were measured using an IRIS 6500 infrared limbal eye tracker, which we customized for the direct recording of oblique eye movements as well as horizontal and vertical. Firstly, the eye-tracker itself was assessed. Visually normal observers made saccadic eye movements to a 10' stimulus in eight directions of gaze. Primary (ANOVA) and secondary analyses (mean error less than 5%) resulted in acceptance that averaging four measurements would give a representative measurement of saccadic latency, peak velocity, amplitude and duration. Test-retest results indicated that this technique gives statistically (± 1.96*STDEVDifference) repeatable responses. Several factors that could potentially influence clinically based measures of eye-movements were examined. These included, the effect of ageing, viewing distances, dioptric blur and cataract. The results showed that saccadic latency and duration are significantly (p < 0.05) longer in older (60-89 years) observers compared to younger (20-39 years). Peak velocity and amplitude were not significantly affected by the age of the observer. All saccadic parameters (SP) were significantly affected by direction (Chapter 5). The compact nature of this eye movement methodology is obtainable since there is no significant effect on viewing distance (300 cm vs. 49 cm) (Chapter 6). There is also no significant effect of dioptric blur (up to +LOODS) on any of the four SP. In contrast, a higher level of defocus (+3.O ODS) has a larger probability of interfering with the measurements of peak velocity and duration (Chapter 7). Saccadic eye-movements were also recorded whilst normally sighted subjects wore cataract simulation goggles. The results suggested that the presence of dense cataract introduces significant increases in saccadic latencies and durations. No effect was found on the peak velocities and amplitudes. The effect of amblyopia on SP was also investigated in order to examine if this methodology is able to detect normal from abnormal responses (i.e. increased saccadic latencies). This set of data (Chapter9 ) showed that using IRIS 6500, longer than normal latencies may be recorded from the amblyopic eye but no consistent effect was found for the other SP (peak velocity, amplitude, duration). Overall, the results of this thesis demonstrate that the IRIS 6500 eye-tracker has many desirable elements (it is non-invasive; comfortable for the observers and gives repeatable and precise results in an acceptable time) that would potentially make it a useful clinical tool as a part of a routine examination.
4
Havard, Catriona. "Eye movement strategies during face matching". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/91/.
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Although there is a large literature on face recognition, less is known about the process of face matching, i.e., deciding whether two photographs depict the same person. The research described here examines viewers’ strategies for matching faces, and addresses the issue of which parts of a face are important for this task. Consistent with previous research, several eye-tracking experiments demonstrated a bias to the eye region when looking at faces. In some studies, there was a scanning strategy whereby only one eye on each face was viewed (the left eye on the right face and the right eye on the left face). However, viewing patterns and matching performance could be influenced by manipulating the way the face pair was presented: through face inversion, changing the distance between the two faces and varying the layout. There was a strong bias to look at the face on the left first, and then to look at the face on the right. A left visual field bias for individual faces has been found in a number of previous studies, but this is the first time it has been reported using pairs of faces in a matching task. The bias to look first at the item on the left was also found when trying to match pairs of similar line drawings of objects and therefore is not specific to face stimuli. Finally, the experiments in this thesis suggest that the way face pairs are presented can influence viewers’ accuracy on a matching task, as well as the way in which these faces are viewed. This suggests that the layout of face pairs for matching might be important in real world settings, such as the attempt to identify criminals from security cameras.
5
Kerr, J. S. "Eye movement correlates of cognitive processes". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381065.
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O'Connor, Emer. "Ageing, motion sensitivity and eye movement". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55068/.
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This thesis aimed to address two separate issues: 1) the effect of fixation and smooth pursuit eye-movement on motion sensitivity and 2) the effect of age on motion sensitivity. Speed, direction and motion coherence thresholds were measured in older and younger observers during fixation and smooth pursuit. Observers of all ages found it more difficult to discriminate direction during smooth pursuit compared to fixation. An age-related decline in direction discrimination was evident during fixation and smooth pursuit at slow speeds only (Experiment 1). An age-related decrease in retinal luminance failed to explain the decline in direction sensitivity in older observers (Experiment 2). The effect of relative motion was assessed and was found not to influence the threshold difference between eye-movement conditions (Experiment 3). Similar effects of speed and eye-movement condition were found in the trajectory-matching task (Experiment 4). Speed discrimination thresholds were also higher during pursuit compared to fixation (Experiment 5). No age effects were found in either eye-movement condition for speed discrimination. Classification analysis demonstrated that in speed and direction discrimination, old and young observers combined retinal and extra-retinal motion cues to make motion judgements regardless of instructed eye-movement. Overall, the discrimination results support the idea that performance in these tasks is limited by internal noise associated with retinal and extra-retinal motion signals that feed into a combination stage responsible for estimating head-centred motion. Motion coherence thresholds were higher for pursued stimuli compared to fixated stimuli (Experiment 6). In addition, observers of all ages found it more difficult to detect collinear signal motion compared to orthogonal signal motion during pursuit. This pattern was significantly worse in older observers. There was no age-related decline in motion coherence for fixated stimuli. Retinal slip due to inaccurate eye-movements could explain the motion coherence findings.
7
Riddell, Patricia Mary. "Vergence eye movements and dyslexia". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fc695d53-073a-467d-bc8d-8d47c0b9321e.
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Hardwick, David R., i na. "Factors Associated with Saccade Latency". Griffith University. School of Psychology, 2008. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20100705.111516.
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Part of the aim of this thesis was to explore a model for producing very fast saccade latencies in the 80 to 120ms range. Its primary motivation was to explore a possible interaction by uniquely combining three independent saccade factors: the gap effect, target-feature-discrimination, and saccadic inhibition of return (IOR). Its secondary motivation was to replicate (in a more conservative and tightly controlled design) the surprising findings of Trottier and Pratt (2005), who found that requiring a high resolution task at the saccade target location speeded saccades, apparently by disinhibition. Trottier and Pratts finding was so surprising it raised the question: Could the oculomotor braking effect of saccadic IOR to previously viewed locations be reduced or removed by requiring a high resolution task at the target location? Twenty naïve untrained undergraduate students participated in exchange for course credit. Multiple randomised temporal and spatial target parameters were introduced in order to increase probability of exogenous responses. The primary measured variable was saccade latency in milliseconds, with the expectation of higher probability of very fast saccades (i.e. 80-120ms). Previous research suggested that these very fast saccades could be elicited in special testing circumstances with naïve participants, such as during the gap task, or in highly trained observers in non-gap tasks (Fischer & Weber, 1993). Trottier and Pratt (2005) found that adding a task demand that required naïve untrained participants to obtain a feature of the target stimulus (and to then make a discriminatory decision) also produced a higher probability of very fast saccade latencies. They stated that these saccades were not the same as saccade latencies previously referred to as express saccades produced in the gap paradigm, and proposed that such very fast saccades were normal. Carpenter (2001) found that in trained participants the probability of finding very fast saccades during the gap task increased when the horizontal direction of the current saccade continued in the same direction as the previous saccade (as opposed to reversing direction) giving a distinct bimodality in the distribution of latencies in five out of seven participants, and likened his findings to the well known IOR effect. The IOR effect has previously been found in both manual key-press RT and saccadic latency paradigms. Hunt and Kingstone (2003) stated that there were both cortical top-down and oculomotor hard-wired aspects to IOR. An experiment was designed that included obtain-target-feature and oculomotor-prior-direction, crossed with two gap level offsets (0ms & 200ms-gap). Target-feature discrimination accuracy was high (97%). Under-additive main effects were found for each factor, with a three-way interaction effect for gap by obtain-feature by oculomotor-prior-direction. Another new three-way interaction was also found for anticipatory saccade type. Anticipatory saccades became significantly more likely under obtain-target-feature for the continuing oculomotor direction. This appears to be a similar effect to the increased anticipatory direction-error rate in the antisaccade task. These findings add to the saccadic latency knowledge base and in agreement with both Carpenter and Trottier and Pratt, laboratory testing paradigms can affect saccadic latency distributions. That is, salient (meaningful) targets that follow more natural oculomotor trajectories produce higher probability of very fast latencies in the 80-120ms range. In agreement with Hunt and Kingstone, there appears to be an oculomotor component to IOR. Specifically, saccadic target-prior-location interacts differently for obtain-target-feature under 200-ms gap than under 0ms-gap, and is most likely due predominantly to a predictive disinhibitory oculomotor momentum effect, rather than being due to the attentional inhibitory effect proposed for key-press IOR. A new interpretation for the paradigm previously referred to as IOR is offered that includes a link to the smooth pursuit system. Additional studies are planned to explore saccadic interactions in more detail.
9
Hardwick, David R. "Factors Associated with Saccade Latency". Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365963.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Part of the aim of this thesis was to explore a model for producing very fast saccade latencies in the 80 to 120ms range. Its primary motivation was to explore a possible interaction by uniquely combining three independent saccade factors: the gap effect, target-feature-discrimination, and saccadic inhibition of return (IOR). Its secondary motivation was to replicate (in a more conservative and tightly controlled design) the surprising findings of Trottier and Pratt (2005), who found that requiring a high resolution task at the saccade target location speeded saccades, apparently by disinhibition. Trottier and Pratt’s finding was so surprising it raised the question: Could the oculomotor braking effect of saccadic IOR to previously viewed locations be reduced or removed by requiring a high resolution task at the target location? Twenty naïve untrained undergraduate students participated in exchange for course credit. Multiple randomised temporal and spatial target parameters were introduced in order to increase probability of exogenous responses. The primary measured variable was saccade latency in milliseconds, with the expectation of higher probability of very fast saccades (i.e. 80-120ms). Previous research suggested that these very fast saccades could be elicited in special testing circumstances with naïve participants, such as during the gap task, or in highly trained observers in non-gap tasks (Fischer & Weber, 1993). Trottier and Pratt (2005) found that adding a task demand that required naïve untrained participants to obtain a feature of the target stimulus (and to then make a discriminatory decision) also produced a higher probability of very fast saccade latencies. They stated that these saccades were not the same as saccade latencies previously referred to as express saccades produced in the gap paradigm, and proposed that such very fast saccades were normal. Carpenter (2001) found that in trained participants the probability of finding very fast saccades during the gap task increased when the horizontal direction of the current saccade continued in the same direction as the previous saccade (as opposed to reversing direction) – giving a distinct bimodality in the distribution of latencies in five out of seven participants, and likened his findings to the well known IOR effect. The IOR effect has previously been found in both manual key-press RT and saccadic latency paradigms. Hunt and Kingstone (2003) stated that there were both cortical top-down and oculomotor hard-wired aspects to IOR. An experiment was designed that included obtain-target-feature and oculomotor-prior-direction, crossed with two gap level offsets (0ms & 200ms-gap). Target-feature discrimination accuracy was high (97%). Under-additive main effects were found for each factor, with a three-way interaction effect for gap by obtain-feature by oculomotor-prior-direction. Another new three-way interaction was also found for anticipatory saccade type. Anticipatory saccades became significantly more likely under obtain-target-feature for the continuing oculomotor direction. This appears to be a similar effect to the increased anticipatory direction-error rate in the antisaccade task. These findings add to the saccadic latency knowledge base and in agreement with both Carpenter and Trottier and Pratt, laboratory testing paradigms can affect saccadic latency distributions. That is, salient (meaningful) targets that follow more natural oculomotor trajectories produce higher probability of very fast latencies in the 80-120ms range. In agreement with Hunt and Kingstone, there appears to be an oculomotor component to IOR. Specifically, saccadic target-prior-location interacts differently for obtain-target-feature under 200-ms gap than under 0ms-gap, and is most likely due predominantly to a predictive disinhibitory oculomotor momentum effect, rather than being due to the attentional inhibitory effect proposed for key-press IOR. A new interpretation for the paradigm previously referred to as IOR is offered that includes a link to the smooth pursuit system. Additional studies are planned to explore saccadic interactions in more detail.Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Psychology
Griffith Health
Full Text
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Diamantopoulos, Georgios. "Novel eye feature extraction and tracking for non-visual eye-movement applications". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/934/.
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The Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) Eye-Accessing Cues (EAC) model suggests that there is a correlation between eye-movements and the internal processing mode that people employ when accessing their subjective experience. Upon careful examination, the experimental methodologies of past research studies were based on assumptions informed by an incomplete or erroneous understanding of the EAC model that could have significantly influenced the experimental results. The reliability of the results can be further impacted by the absence of modern eye-tracking equipment to support the inherently complex task of reliably recording, selecting and rating eye-movements. While a plethora of eye-tracker designs is available to date, none of them has been designed to track non-visual eye-movements (eye-movements that are a result of neuro-physiological events and are not associated with vision), which tend to range outside the normal visual field and thus perform poorly in such cases. Therefore, this thesis introduces a set of novel algorithms for the extraction of relevant eye features (pupil position, iris radius and eye corners) that are combined to calculate the 2D gaze direction and to classify each eye-movement to one of eight classes from the EAC model. The applicability of the eyetracker is demonstrated through a pilot study that serves as a real-world application case study. The performance of the eye-tracker is found to be practical for the intended purpose as it is lightweight, low-cost and can robustly perform the tasks of 2D gaze direction estimation and classification.
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Yamamoto, K., J. Nagao, T. D. Truong, Y. Nakamura, H. Terai, K. Nishihori i M. Ikezaki. "Extracting ROI by using Eye Movement Analysis". INTELLIGENT MEDIA INTEGRATION NAGOYA UNIVERSITY / COE, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10462.
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Saginaw, Michael A. (Michael Adlai). "Eye movement studies with a vestibular prosthesis/". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57680.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Vestibular loss, which can manifest as dizziness, imbalance, or spatial disorientation, is widespread and often caused by inner ear hair cell malfunction. To address these problems, we are developing a vestibular implant analogous to cochlear implants for the deaf. This vestibular prosthesis provides pulsatile electrical stimulation to the vestibular nerve. Prosthesis effectiveness is assessed using the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), since the VOR helps stabilize gaze in healthy individuals by evoking eye movements that compensate for head movements. In this thesis, the prosthesis was used to probe the high frequency VOR in squirrel monkeys and guinea pigs. In two studies, modulated stimulation was applied acutely to characterize the VOR between 1.5 and 701 Hz. A third study characterized the VOR response to chronic stimulation with a constant rate of 250 Hz. The VOR has previously been characterized up to 50 Hz in monkeys and 2 Hz in guinea pigs by physically rotating subjects. This range was extended in these studies, by using electrical stimulation from the prosthesis. Eye movement spectral peaks were used to characterize the VOR frequency response. The VOR was measurable up to 267 Hz in squirrel monkeys and 151 Hz in guinea pigs. The magnitude response was similar in both species - it increased gradually with frequency, peaked (at 140 Hz in squirrel monkeys and 50 Hz in guinea pigs), and then rolled off.
(cont.) The high frequency fall-off was consistent with the low-pass nature of the oculomotor plant. The phase responses had a linear lag with frequency, consistent with a fixed 4 ms delay of the VOR three-neuronarc. Since the VOR responds at high frequencies, this raises the question whether the prosthesis causes eye movements at the prosthesis pulse rate, since electrical stimulation elicits neural responses that are phase-locked with the stimulation. Such responses might cause visual blurring for a patient using the device. This thesis shows that such eye movements are measurable, and have substantial velocity magnitude of 8.1 deg/s initially, but within 30 minutes the magnitude reduces by 80% and probably does not yield perceptible visual blurring.
by Michael A. Saginaw.
Ph.D.
13
OShea, Brittany L. "Eye Movement Control: An Index for Athleticism". VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5039.
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Athletic potential is one of the most complex human traits. An elite athlete is produced from a complex interaction of an innumerable number of traits exhibited by the athlete. However, it’s not clear whether these traits are innate, allowing the athlete to excel, or, alternatively, are a consequence of practice. To be successful, athletes rely heavily on sensory information from the visual and vestibular systems. This study investigated the relationship eye movement control has with innate athleticism by comparing the saccadic and Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) responses of former, no longer practicing, elite athletes against their age and gender matched counterparts who were non-elite or non-athletes. Results showed subjects who participated in athletic activities longer (regardless of type or level achieved), showed both significantly better VOR suppression capabilities, as well as higher head velocities while suppressing their VOR. Although, these results are correlative in nature, they do not support the potential that VOR suppression is a learned trait of athletes. A longitudinal study would be required to assess this relationship fully.
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Gu, Jianjun Jason. "Design, sensing and control of a robotic prosthetic eye for natural eye movement". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60293.pdf.
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van, Stockum Eva Saskia. "Eye movement control and cognition in Parkinson's disease". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1323.
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Many studies have found evidence of abnormal eye movement control in Parkinson's disease. Deficits in the inhibition of unintended saccades and slowed initiation of intentional saccades have been reported in some, but not all, investigations. Also over recent years the presence of cognitive impairment in a proportion of patients with Parkinson's disease has been highlighted. Efficient use of working memory resources is thought to be involved in the performance of tasks in both domains. With a comprehensive selection of saccadic and neuropsychological tasks, the current study investigated whether aspects of abnormal oculomotor control are associated with impairment of cognitive functions. Nineteen Parkinson's disease patients and eighteen healthy age matched control subjects performed six eye movement tasks and completed a neuropsychological test battery assessing five different aspects of cognitive functioning. Deficits were found in both the oculomotor and the cognitive domain in the group of patients. As a group, the patients made more reflexive errors in antisaccade tasks, more inhibition errors in a delayed response task, and were slower to initiate intentional saccades. The three measures of abnormal oculomotor control were not consistently associated with cognitive impairments or with each other. Longer latencies of correct antisaccades and increased number of errors in a delayed response task were associated with lower scores in different cognitive tests. Reflexive errors in the antisaccade task were not associated with cognitive deficits, but with the tendency to produce very fast visually triggered responses. The results suggest that, at least in Parkinson's disease, different neural mechanisms may be involved in specific aspects of abnormal oculomotor control.
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Almeida, Samuel de Jesus. "Augmenting video game development with eye movement analysis". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/1199.
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Mestrado em Comunicação MultimédiaA indústria dos vídeo jogos é actualmente uma das mais valiosas e lucrativas do género. Como se espera de qualquer membro activo desta indústria, os produtores de vídeo jogos aspiram a obter uma quota desse mercado e das receitas. Hoje, a exigência relativa ao lançamento de vídeo jogos é tal que, por vezes, uma das etapas cruciais do desenvolvimento do produto é preterida – a avaliação da usabilidade – o que resulta em jogos de menor qualidade. Ainda, os vídeo jogos que são avaliados acabam por o ser à custa de métodos que não são totalmente correctos e que não respeitam à unicidade do media. O presente trabalho surge, portanto, com o objectivo de apresentar uma nova metodologia que vá ao encontro do referido problema. A metodologia proposta é uma parte de um estudo empírico que contou com participantes com distintos níveis de experiencia com vídeo jogos e que fez uso de dois instrumentos: um questionário e em segundo lugar, uma tecnologia que não gera consenso – o eye tracking – um método que mensura os movimentos e as posições do olho. Os dados obtidos através dos questionários bem como os resultados do eye tracking foram analisados e serviram de base para o objectivo maior deste estudo: o desenvolvimento de guidelines (linhas orientadoras) que possam assistir na melhoria da concepção e do desenvolvimento de vídeo jogos. ABSTRACT: The video game industry is presently one of the most valuable and lucrative of its kind. As is expected from any active member in this industry, video game developers aspire to secure a share of that market and income. Currently, the demand to deliver video games is such that at times, one of the most important moments of product development is overlooked – usability evaluation – resulting in less enjoyable or playable video games. Furthermore, those that are evaluated are done so at the cost of methods that are not completely accurate and that do not respect the uniqueness of the media. The present study emerges, therefore, with the objective of presenting a new methodology that can challenge the mentioned predicament. The proposed methodology is one part of an empirical study that counted with participants of various gaming experiences and made use of two instruments: a questionnaire and secondly, a technology many have yet to accept – eye tracking – a method capable of measuring eye movement and eye positions. The acquired data from the questionnaires along with eye tracking results were analyzed and served as the basis for the greater objective of this study: the development of guidelines that can assist in the augmentation of video game development.
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Mitchell, Jude F. "Unity of action : coordination of movement plans between oculomotor areas /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3055792.
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Sedgwick, Jennifer. "An investigation into the eye movement component of the eye movement desensitization reprocessing technique in relation to the working memory model". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296871.
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Thurtell, Matthew James. "Effect of eye position on the three-dimensional kinematics of saccadic and vestibular-evoked eye movements". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1665.
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Saccadic and vestibular-evoked eye movements are similar in that their three-dimensional kinematic properties show eye position-dependence. When the line of sight is directed towards an eccentric target, the eye velocity axis tilts in a manner that depends on the instantaneous position of the eye in the head, with the magnitude of tilt also depending on whether the eye movement is saccadic or vestibular-evoked. The mechanism responsible for producing eye velocity axis tilting phenomena is not well understood. Some authorities have suggested that muscle pulleys in the orbit are critical for implementing eye velocity axis tilting, while others have suggested that the cerebellum plays an important role. In the current study, three-dimensional eye and head rotation data were acquired, using the magnetic search coil technique, to confirm the presence of eye position-dependent eye velocity axis tilting during saccadic eye movements. Both normal humans and humans with cerebellar atrophy were studied. While the humans with cerebellar atrophy were noted to have abnormalities in the two-dimensional metrics and consistency of their saccadic eye movements, the eye position-dependent eye velocity axis tilts were similar to those observed in the normal subjects. A mathematical model of the human saccadic and vestibular systems was utilized to investigate the means by which these eye position-dependent properties may arise for both types of eye movement. The predictions of the saccadic model were compared with the saccadic data obtained in the current study, while the predictions of the vestibular model were compared with vestibular-evoked eye movement data obtained in a previous study. The results from the model simulations suggest that the muscle pulleys are responsible for bringing about eye position-dependent eye velocity axis tilting for both saccadic and vestibular-evoked eye movements, and that these phenomena are not centrally programmed.
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Thurtell, Matthew James. "Effect of eye position on the three-dimensional kinematics of saccadic and vestibular-evoked eye movements". Faculty of Medicine, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1665.
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Master of Science in MedicineSaccadic and vestibular-evoked eye movements are similar in that their three-dimensional kinematic properties show eye position-dependence. When the line of sight is directed towards an eccentric target, the eye velocity axis tilts in a manner that depends on the instantaneous position of the eye in the head, with the magnitude of tilt also depending on whether the eye movement is saccadic or vestibular-evoked. The mechanism responsible for producing eye velocity axis tilting phenomena is not well understood. Some authorities have suggested that muscle pulleys in the orbit are critical for implementing eye velocity axis tilting, while others have suggested that the cerebellum plays an important role. In the current study, three-dimensional eye and head rotation data were acquired, using the magnetic search coil technique, to confirm the presence of eye position-dependent eye velocity axis tilting during saccadic eye movements. Both normal humans and humans with cerebellar atrophy were studied. While the humans with cerebellar atrophy were noted to have abnormalities in the two-dimensional metrics and consistency of their saccadic eye movements, the eye position-dependent eye velocity axis tilts were similar to those observed in the normal subjects. A mathematical model of the human saccadic and vestibular systems was utilized to investigate the means by which these eye position-dependent properties may arise for both types of eye movement. The predictions of the saccadic model were compared with the saccadic data obtained in the current study, while the predictions of the vestibular model were compared with vestibular-evoked eye movement data obtained in a previous study. The results from the model simulations suggest that the muscle pulleys are responsible for bringing about eye position-dependent eye velocity axis tilting for both saccadic and vestibular-evoked eye movements, and that these phenomena are not centrally programmed.
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Gitchel, George Thomas Jr. "Development of an Accurate Differential Diagnostic Tool for Neurological Movement Disorders Utilizing Eye Movements". VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4109.
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Parkinson’s disease and Essential tremor are the two most prevalent movement disorders in the world, but due to overlapping clinical symptoms, accurate differential diagnosis is difficult. As a result, approximately 60% of patients with movement disorders symptoms will have their diagnosis changed at least once before death. By their subjective nature, clinical exams are inherently imprecise, leading to the desire to create an objective, quantifiable test for movement disorders; a test that currently is elusive. Eye movements have been studied for a century, and are widely appreciated to be quantifiably affected in those with neurological disease. Through a collaborative effort between the VA hospital and VCU, over 1,000 movement disorder subjects had their eye movements recorded, utilizing an SR Research Eyelink 2. Patients with Parkinson’s disease exhibited an ocular gaze tremor during fixation, normal reflexive saccades, and reduced blink rate. Subjects with Essential tremor exhibited slowed saccadic dynamics, with increased latencies, in addition to a larger number of square wave jerk interruptions of otherwise stable fixation. After diagnostic features of each disorder were identified, prospective data collection could occur in a blinded fashion, and oculomotor features used to predict clinical diagnoses. It was determined that measures of fixation stability were capable of almost perfectly differentiating subjects with PD, and a novel, combined parameter was capable of similar results in ET. As a group, it appears as if these symptoms do not progress as the disease does, but subanalyses show that individual patients on constant pharmaceutical doses tracked over time do slightly change and progress. The near perfect separation of disease states suggest the ability of oculomotor recording to be a powerful biomarker to be used for the differential diagnosis of movement disorders. This tool could potentially impact and improve the lives of millions of people the world over.
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Odekar, Anshula. "Using eye-movement indices to capture semantic priming effects /". View abstract, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3220615.
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甄榮輝 i Wing-fai Yan. "Eye movement measurement for clinical applications using pattern recognition". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31209026.
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Gilman, Elizabeth R. "Towards an eye-movement model of music sight-reading". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342467.
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Monteiro, e. Lima Margareth de Vasconcelos. "Eye-hand co-ordination in children with movement problems". Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326711.
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Paul, Shirley-Anne S. "An eye-movement analysis of the word-predictability effect". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2010. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/4214f62e-9bcc-4e73-8972-7bd66dc71135.
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The primary aim of this thesis was to identify the mechanism under-pinning the word-predictability effect, while a secondary aim was to investigate whether words are processed in serial or parallel. In five experiments, adults’ eye-movements were monitored as they read sentences for comprehension on a computer screen. In Experiments 1 and 2, a critical target-word that was either of high- or low-frequency and either predictable or unpredictable was embedded in experimental sentences. The nature of the preview of the target word was manipulated such that it was either identical to the target or was misspelled (the misspelling was more severe in Experiment 2). Predictability effects were apparent in the identical preview condition in both experiments, whilst they were only apparent in the misspelled condition of Experiment 1. This outcome is compatible with early Guessing Game type models of reading which propose that readers predictions about up-coming words using contextual parafoveal information. When taken together, the results of Experiments 1 and 2 also suggested that frequency and predictability exert additive effects on fixation durations.In Experiment 3, four levels of word-predictability were employed. The function relating word-predictability and word-processing time was strictly monotonic: word-processing time decreased as predictability increased. This outcome was consistent with a word-prediction account of predictability in which there is no penalty for incorrect guessing. Experiment 3 also showed that processing time on the pre-target word increased as the predictability of the up-coming increased. This outcome replicated an effect obtained by Kliegl, Nuthmann and Engbert (2006) who claim that it arises as a result of memory retrieval processes cued by prior sentence context Experiment 4 replicated the manipulation in Experiment 3 but included additional condition in which the preview of the target word was masked while in parafoveal vision, using a pixel scrambling technique. The target-predictability effect was again a graded one, and did not depend upon the availability of initial information, providing evidence against the word-prediction theory. Additionally, there was no pre-target predictability effect in the unmasked condition. There was a pre-target effect in an direction in the masked condition, although this appeared to be a consequence of the mask. Experiment 5 replicated Experiment 4, but replaced the masked condition with a non-predictable but semantically related word, and the results showed no pre-target effects at all. It was concluded that inverted pre-predictability effects are more likely to be related to higher-level sentential processing.
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Gustafsson, Anton. "Eye Movement Analysis for Activity Recognition in Everyday Situations". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20708.
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Den ständigt ökande mängden av smarta enheter i vår vardag har lett till nya problem inom HCI så som hur vi människor ska interagera med dessa enheter på ett effektivt och enkelt sätt. Än så länge har kontextuellt medvetna system visat sig kunna vara ett möjligt sätt att lösa detta problem. Om ett system hade kunnat automatiskt detektera personers aktiviteter och avsikter, kunde det agera utan någon explicit inmatning från användaren. Ögon har tidigare visat sig avslöja mycket information om en persons kognitiva tillstånd och skulle kunna vara en möjlig modalitet för att extrahera aktivitesinformation ifrån.I denna avhandling har vi undersökt möjligheten att detektera aktiviteter genom att använda en billig, hemmabyggd ögonspårningsapparat. Ett experiment utfördes där deltagarna genomförde aktiviteter i ett kök för att samla in data om deras ögonrörelser. Efter experimentet var färdigt, annoterades, förbehandlades och klassificerades datan med hjälp av en multilayer perceptron--och en random forest--klassificerare.Trots att mängden data var relativt liten, visade resultaten att igenkänningsgraden var mellan 30-40% beroende på vilken klassificerare som användes. Detta bekräftar tidigare forskning att aktivitetsigenkänning genom att analysera ögonrörelser är möjligt. Dock visar det även att det fortfarande är svårt att uppnå en hög igenkänningsgrad.The increasing amount of smart devices in our everyday environment has created new problems within human-computer interaction such as how we humans are supposed to interact with these devices efficiently and with ease. So far, context-aware systems could be a possible candidate to solve this problem. If a system automatically could detect people's activities and intentions, it could act accordingly without any explicit input from the user. Eyes have previously shown to be a rich source of information about a person's cognitive state and current activity. Because of this, eyes could be a viable input modality for extracting information from. In this thesis, we examine the possibility of detecting human activity by using a low cost, home-built monocular eye tracker. An experiment was conducted were participants performed everyday activities in a kitchen to collect eye movement data. After conducting the experiment, the data was annotated, preprocessed and classified using multilayer perceptron and random forest classifiers.Even though the data set collected was small, the results showed a recognition rate of between 30-40% depending on the classifier used. This confirms previous work that activity recognition using eye movement data is possible but that achieving high accuracy is challenging.
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Al, Madi Naser S. "Modeling Eye Movement for the Assessment of Programming Proficiency". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1595429905152276.
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Yan, Wing-fai. "Eye movement measurement for clinical applications using pattern recognition /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12434024.
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Ahmad, Hufsa. "Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy: A Grant Proposal". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2020. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13812427.
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Individuals with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) faced one or more traumatic events in their lifetime that can lead to symptoms such as anxiety, flashbacks, and avoidance. As a result, these individuals can suffer from impairments such as a loss of functioning, inability to go work, and overall difficulties in coping with the difficulties of everyday life. Low-income individuals with PTSD face additional barriers due to the high costs of effective treatment. One evidence-based treatment for PTSD is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Noting the equal need for people of low socioeconomic status to receive treatment, a grant proposal was drafted to develop a program that would offer subsidized, short-term EMDR treatment for low-income individuals who are adults (18 years and older) in Orange County. This program would reduce the symptoms of PTSD such that individuals can achieve a higher level of functioning. The grant was written in collaboration with the Norooz Foundation Clinic. Actual submission and funding of the grant are not required for the completion of the project.
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Otte, Ellen. "Transfer of adaptation across movement categories in eye hand coordination /". kostenfrei, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:294-26534.
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Jie, Li 1976. "An eye movement dependent visual attention model and its application /". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115910.
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In this dissertation, we study the relationship between eye movements and visual attention. Different types of eye movements are investigated including microsaccades, eye fixation, and eye pursuit. First, we demonstrate that microsaccades occur during pursuit and they are linked to covert attention shifts. Employing a psychophysical task that involves covert attention shifts to a peripheral square, we detect if microsaccades occur during eye pursuit, and, if so, whether, and in what way, microsaccades are related to attention shifts. Microsaccades are found to occur during pursuit and they present in similar patterns as those occurring during eye fixation. We discover that microsaccades tend to be biased towards the same direction as pursuit and the bias increases with increases of pursuit velocities. Through the analysis of microsaccade orientation and latency, we argue that microsaccades occurring during pursuit, rather than being randomly distributed, have a link with covert attention shifts. This is consistent with what has been reported for microsaccades occurring during fixation. Further analysis of microsaccade amplitude supports this argument. The potential attention mechanisms for the characteristics of microsaccades are discussed. We suggest that the attention allocation during pursuit is responsible for the characteristics of microsaccades. Our analyses of microsaccades also enforce the argument that microsaccades may be the suppressed saccades.In addition to microsaccades, the attention allocation during eye fixation and eye pursuit are considered as well. We demonstrate that, during eye fixation, the local image content around the area of a fixation point is a significant factor to influence the fixation duration. However, during pursuit, the pursuit direction, rather than image contents, is important to decide attention allocation. According to these results, a top-down attention model based on types of eye movements is built. Three types of eye movements are considered separately in the model. They are eye fixation, eye pursuit, and saccadic eye movements (including microsaccades). The model is applied to the design of an interactive 2D video game. We demonstrate that the game is successfully designed in different difficulty levels through the analysis of attention allocation by our attention model. Our results imply that the attention modeling can be used to alter the game play so as to provide varying difficulty levels and it is also promising to take advantage of eye tracking data for broader applications, such as for navigation, intelligent map searching, augmented reality, and others.
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Buhler, Lynn. "Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with adults with intellectual disability". Thesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3624337.
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People with intellectual disability have historically been excluded from the benefits of psychotherapy, despite the higher incidence of mental illness, in general, and PTSD, in particular, in this population. It had been thought that intellectual disability precluded the cognitive and emotional ability required to participate in therapy. A growing body of literature is reporting successful application of a number of these therapies, established as empirically effective for the general population, with people with intellectual disability. Typically, minor modifications are required. Criticism continues, now based on the problem of using therapies with a population for which they have not been empirically established as effective. The current study contributes to the empirical process of establishing effectiveness of a specific trauma therapy for people with intellectual disability. It applies the EMDR therapy to six participants in a multiple-baseline, ABA, time-series experiment design. EMDR has previously been used with people with intellectual disability, reporting improved symptoms and functioning for the more than 35 cases published. For the current study, the participants were all diagnosed with PTSD and other diagnoses reflecting the emotional distress associated with histories of multi- and poly-traumatization, beginning at an early age. They received weekly assessments on multiple measures: self-report, physiological, observer ratings, and continuous actigraph recordings. Each participated for a minimum of 60 weeks, which included: an A phase, the Baseline; a B phase, the Intervention; and, a second A phase, Maintenance. After a Hiatus of six weeks, participants returned for Follow-up testing. The EMDR therapy was delivered during the Intervention phase, only. All participants lost the diagnosis of PTSD and showed emotional and functional improvement on a number of measures. The self-report measures produced the most descriptive time-series data, providing indication of change in a number of dimensions, visually interpretable from graphs of the data, included in this document. Linear regression analyses support visual analysis. Additional research in using the EMDR therapy with people with intellectual disability is recommended, with the purpose of establishing it as appropriate for use with this population. Limitations of the study are addressed.
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Oleg, Komogortsev Vladimirovich. "EYE MOVEMENT PREDICTION BY OCULOMOTOR PLANT MODELING WITH KALMAN FILTER". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1190386786.
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Von, Tersch Elise. "Modified Eye Movement Desensitization Therapy Protocol Treating Substance Abuse Disorders". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7346.
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Quality substance abuse treatment is needed to help fight the battle against drug addiction. This qualitative study was designed to explore some of the approaches to eye movement desensitization (EMDR) therapy that therapists trained in Parnell's adapted EMDR model use in conjunction with treatment for addictions. The purpose of this narrative inquiry was to investigate the experience of therapists who incorporate substance abuse treatment with Parnell's adapted EMDR model when treating trauma and substance use disorders. The population studied comprised licensed mental health therapists who had completed Parnell's EMDR training and implemented Parnell's modified EMDR protocol in their professional practice. The data from 9 participant interviews were coded and NVIVO data analysis software was used to identify key concepts and themes including deviations from Parnell's modified protocol, incorporating addiction treatment within the modified protocol, and the importance of the resourcing phase in the modified protocol. The study findings provided a deeper understanding of the types of addiction therapies that therapists are using in conjunction with Parnell's EMDR model. The results also showed that that participants perceived Parnell's EMDR model, combined with addiction therapeutic techniques and approaches, as beneficial in treating those with trauma and substance use disorders. By integrating addiction therapies with Parnell's EMDR protocol, EMDR certified trainers may better educate EMDR trainees about useful strategies for treating dual diagnosed clients. The strategies may shorten the client's time in treatment and provide a strong foundation for therapists as they conduct therapy for dual diagnosed people.
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Tolston, Michael T. "Movement constraints on interpersonal coordination and communication". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1353155491.
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Koesling, Hendrik. "Visual perception of location, orientation and length an eye movement approach /". [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967950880.
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Cohen, Steven. "Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), the making of a psychotherapy". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64135.pdf.
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Cohen, Steven 1973. "Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) : the making of a psychotherapy". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30153.
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Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy has burst upon the psychotherapeutic scene as a time-limited, cost-contained, and efficacious treatment for anxiety, stress, and psychological trauma. Although this therapy has been pronounced as revolutionary by its inventor, Francine Shapiro, it has distinct historical precedents. The explanatory models of pathogenic memory and dissociation theory, and the reliance on mechanical inference for objectivity make EMDR therapy familiar and salient. Notions of suggestion and hypnosis, and the eye-movement component of therapy are presented as discontinuous with clinical and theoretical practice, in order to free them from the tainting associations of pseudo-science and quackery. By connecting the current EMDR movement with the conceptual and practical history of traumatic memory, dissociation, and suggestion, I argue that EMDR is not revolutionary. It is a powerful technology of the self, normalizing and valourizing certain ways of behaving and thinking. Shapiro's implicit assumptions that psychological suffering is pathological, and that early traumatic events are indelibly encoded, stored and dissociated in the brain are problematized. A brief commentary on the moral, political, and psychotherapeutic implications of EMDR therapy is provided.
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Barnard, Nigel Andrew Simon. "A quantitative analysis of eye movement characteristics during the cover test". Thesis, City University London, 1999. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/12049/.
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The cover test is probably the most widely used clinical test of oculomotor status. It is surprising therefore, that there has been only one previous study which has attempted to provide a quantitative analysis of the eye movements during the test. There is also a dearth of information concerning the relationship between eye movements during the cover test and symptomatology and the correlation between cover test results and the outcome of other tests of binocular function. For the investigations described in this thesis, apparatus was developed to provide precise measurements of eye movements during a computer-controlled cover test, with subjects fixating a distant (3.4m) and near (0.4m) target. In the first study, this apparatus was employed to assess a group of asymptomatic emmetropes aged between 18 and 35 years (n = 100). The pattern of eye movements recorded was more complex than is often assumed. Eye movements during dissociation followed various patterns, with some subjects reaching a position of equilibrium within a few seconds while 20% had not reached a stable position at the end of the 10 s occlusion period. It was concluded that the 'standard' procedure of occluding an eye during the cover test for only about 2s is not adequate. The mean phoria after 10 s occlusion was 0.000 for distance fixation and -1.38° (exo) for near fixation. The pattern of eye movements during the recovery phase consisted of a variety of saccadic and vergence movements. There was a statistical difference between exophores and esophores for frequencies of initiating saccades and vergence eye movements (p < 0.001) with esophores more commonly commencing recovery with a saccade and exophores with a vergence eye movement. Recovery movements were often associated with movements of the "fixating" eye. There was a poor correlation between phoria amplitude and recovery time. In the second study, the relationship between the nature of eye movements during the cover test and the results of other common tests of binocular function was investigated. There was very little correlation between any aspect of the eye movements and the results of the other tests, or indeed between any of the tests of binocular function. In the third study, a group of symptomatic individuals were characterised using the automated cover test and a battery of other tests of binocular function. In the fourth study, the association between eye movement characteristics during the cover test and symptomatology was investigated. Results gave some support to the long-held view that a slow multi-stage recovery tends to be associated with a symptomatic binocular vision problem. In the fifth study, various aspects of binocular function were monitored throughout the course of orthoptic therapy. Not all subjects responded to treatment and none of the clinical tests assessed were found to be good discriminators of subjects who were likely to benefit. While several aspects of binocular function were found to parallel the amelioration of symptoms, the results were very variable.
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Kaur-Mann, Daljit. "Eye movement rehearsal improves the visually guided stepping of cerebellar patients". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400274.
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Forster, J. "Motion-induced position shifts in visual perception tasks and eye movement". Thesis, City, University of London, 2018. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/19926/.
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Movement has an effect upon the perceived spatial position of moving objects, such that they are not perceived at their instantaneous spatial position. Vision scientists named this phenomenon motion-induced position shift (MIPS). The reason, neural loci, and the mechanisms causing the positional illusion have challenged scientists over the last century. Nowadays, many vehicles, such as cars, planes and submarines are equipped with onboard computers containing touchscreens. Active controls of those on-board computers require visuomotor-actions, which could be affected by perceptual illusions, but also require time, and attention. Hence, it is becoming more crucial to fully understand how the visual system generates visuomotor-guided actions, and how it copes with visual illusions. Human-machine interactions could be designed such that perceptual illusions would be 1) avoided, or 2) predicted, and considered in human actions, or such that 3) the user interacted with visuomotor actions that resisted visual illusions. One alternative to finger points towards on-board computers is saccadic eye movements. The saccadic system is very fast, and therefore, would not require as much time and attention as a finger point task towards the touch screen. Saccades are constantly facing the challenge of localising objects, which makes it interesting to study how they cope with visual illusions like the motion-induced position shift. The purpose of this thesis was to establish if the saccadic system was affected by the motion-induced position shift in the same manner as the perceptual system was affected. I confirmed that movement had an effect upon the perceived spatial position of moving objects in perception-tasks and in volitional saccades. A previous study showed that reflexive saccades resisted the illusion, indicating that they were more accurate than other visually guided actions. I replicated these results, but claimed that the results are not representative. As a consequence, there is no evidence that reflexive saccades do escape the visual illusion while volitional saccades do not.
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Kumar, Arun. "Studies of Saccade and Vergence Eye Movement Interactions in Human Subjects". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1105936593.
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PLUMMER, CHARLES D. "PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT FOR BRASS MUSICIANS USING EYE MOVEMENT DESENSITIZATION AND REPROCESSING". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1178855934.
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Scott, Graham G. "Emotion word processing evidence from electrophysiology, eye movement and decision making /". Connect to e-thesis, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/823/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2009.Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Information of Mathematical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2009. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Geiger, Davi, i Alan Yuille. "Stereo and Eye Movement". 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.3/5511.
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We describe a method to solve the stereo correspondence using controlled eye (or camera) movements. These eye movements essentially supply additional image frames which can be used to constrain the stereo matching. Because the eye movements are small, traditional methods of stereo with multiple frames will not work. We develop an alternative approach using a systematic analysis to define a probability distribution for the errors. Our matching strategy then matches the most probable points first, thereby reducing the ambiguity for the remaining matches. We demonstrate this algorithm with several examples.
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Jamicki, Michał. "Eye movement signal processing". Rozprawa doktorska, 1999. https://repolis.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=2820.
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Jamicki, Michał. "Eye movement signal processing". Rozprawa doktorska, 1999. https://delibra.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=2820.
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Shih, Hsien-Tsung, i 施賢宗. "The Eye Movement Control System". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85705290541184423680.
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碩士國立中央大學
光電科學研究所
98
In the modern era of convenient transportation and information abundance people can easily get information from the internet and reach any place in mind with transport. However, for the physically-limited community, they can not move at will, but their eyes are able to rotate freely. So the development of a set of eye movement control system makes their daily life easier and more complete. The purpose of this research is to construct a set of "eye movement control system", using EOG method (Electro-OculoGram, EOG) as a way to capture eye movement signals. Eye movement signals are processed and identified by circuit boards, sent to microprocessor to transform into control signals, and finally linked as control signals to the controller, so that the user can execute the action they want by using this system. In this thesis, the tracking of eye movement is used to construct four different commands, and the user can quickly and precisely control switch. The equipment structure used in this system is simple, has small size components, easy to carry, possess good stability and easily controlled by the user.
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Tsai, Jie-Li, i 蔡介立. "The reading processing of eye movements in Chinese: Serial studies with eye movement contingent display technique". Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51903654999568455516.
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博士國立政治大學
心理學系
88
In the process of reading, the location and duration of eye fixations varied accroding the language properties of the text. Using the eye tracker nowdays, it precisely records the location and fixation duration of eye movements. That gives an opportunity to understand the cognitive operations of reading. Furthermore, the eye movement contingent display technique is capable to change the display with both the speed and precision. It changes the text on the computer screen at specific location and time, according the location where the eyes are fixating. This advanced technique provides the possibility to explore the nature of dynamic processing of reading. Experiment One uses the moving window paradigm to measure the perceptual span of Chinese reading. It showed that the range of perceived characters in reading includes four characters to the right of fixations. Experiment Two also uses the moving window paradigm but the time of showing "window" is varied. It showed that the characters in peripheral were perceived within 90 msec in the beginning of fixations. The time to mask the peripheral text did not affect the fixation duration of display change, but the time of next fixation. Experiment Three uses the boundary paradigm to show the type of character information can be retrieved in peripheral and integrated with the information on the next fixation. It showed the phonological code can be retrieved in peripheral, but the orthographic code is dominated when integrating information across fixations. Experiment Four uses the fast priming paradigm to show the type of information can be retrieved on fixations. It showed the same pattern for both the third and forth experiment. The phonological effect can be obtained under certain circumstances, when the availability or validity of orthographic information is reduced. The dynamic processing of eye movements in reading and a general model for cognitive operation are discussed.