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Felin, Rémi. "Découverte évolutive de connaissance à partir de graphes de données RDF". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04874737.
Pełny tekst źródłaKnowledge graphs are collections of interconnected descriptions of entities (objects, events or concepts). They provide context for the data through semantic links, providing a framework for integrating, unifying, analysing and sharing data. Today, we have many factual data-rich knowledge graphs, and building and enriching them is relatively straightforward. Enriching these graphs with schemas, rules or constraints that allow us to check their consistency and infer implicit knowledge by reasoning is more difficult and costly. This thesis presents an approach based on the Grammatical Evolution technique for automatically discovering new knowledge from the factual data of a data graph expressed in RDF. This approach is based on the idea that candidate knowledge is generated from a heuristic mechanism (exploiting the graph data), is tested against the graph data, and evolves through an evolutionary process so that only the most credible candidate knowledge is kept. First, we focused on discovering OWL axioms that allow, for example, the expression of relationships between concepts and the inference of new facts previously unknown from these relationships. Candidate axioms are evaluated using an existing heuristic based on possibility theory, which makes it possible to consider the incompleteness of information in a data graph. This thesis presents the limitations of this heuristic and a series of contributions allowing an evaluation that is significantly less costly in computation time, thus opening up the discovery of candidate axioms using this heuristic. Second, we propose discovering SHACL shapes that express constraints that RDF data must respect. These shapes are useful for checking the data graph's consistency (e.g., structural) and facilitating new data integration. The evaluation of candidate shapes is based on the SHACL evaluation mechanism, for which we proposed a probabilistic framework to take into account errors and the inherent incompleteness of the data graphs. Finally, we present RDFminer, an open-source Web application that executes our approach to discovering OWL axioms or SHACL shapes from an RDF data graph. Through an interactive interface, the user can also control the execution and analyse the results in real-time. The results show that the proposed approach can be used to discover a wide range of new, credible and relevant knowledge from large RDF data graphs
Yang, Mingqiang. "Extraction d'attributs et mesures de similarité basées sur la forme". Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335083.
Pełny tekst źródłaThong, Deng Honda. "Extraction et mise en forme (en liposomes) de phospholipides issus d'un co-produit par voie supercritique". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14351/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe demand in phospholipids is increasing because of their use in defferent domains, i.e. pharmaceutics, food industry, and cosmetics. Nowadays, the main sources of phospholipids come from soya and egg yolk classically extracted using organic solvents. The present work was undertaken in order to add value to waste products of fishery and to extract the lipids using a green technology. We developed an alternative green technique for lipid extraction based on the use of GRAS solvents as CO2 and ethanol. The extractions were carried out by flowing supercritical CO2. Varying the operating conditions (pressure, temperature, proportion and nature of the co-solvent, type of reactors) allowed obtaining extracts with different purities and contents in phospholipids. Finally, we explored the possibility of producing liposomes by coupling the phospholipid extraction using supercritical fluids and the vesicle formation in a continuous process
Ferrato, Marc. "Extractions des auxiliaires organiques de mise en forme d'une poudre céramique à l'aide de fluides supercritiques". Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0035.
Pełny tekst źródłaGutierrez, Alejandro. "Extraction et manipulation d'information structurée sous la forme de graphe à partir de sources de données existantes". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997VERS0015.
Pełny tekst źródłaSauvageau, Jean-François. "Récupération de métaux nobles sous forme de nanoparticules par traitement plasma à barrière diélectrique". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66299.
Pełny tekst źródłaPlatinum group metals (PGMs) and noble metals are used in industrial fields related to automotive catalysts, semiconductor materials and even regenerative medicine. The extraction of these metals from ores and effluents is performed by various hydrometallurgical processes, such as leaching and activated carbon adsorption. These processes are associated with several problems: the production times are long, the selective extraction of the elements of interest requires toxic products (e.g. cyanides) and the use of activated carbon is responsible for the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). The growing demand for these metals stimulates the development of new technologies to recover them more quickly and efficiently, while minimizing the environmental impact of their production. Atmospheric plasmas produced by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) are among the innovative technologies that can overcome disadvantages related to the conventional recovery processes. In a matter of minutes, the treatment of effluents containing metal ions by the application of plasma discharges allows the recovery of noble metals in the form of nanoparticles(NPs). This thesis presents this recovery technique applied to synthetic, mining, industrial and hospital effluents. In less than 15 min of operation, a DBD plasma treatment can be used to selectively recover 95% of gold from effluents produced by mining and semiconductor industries. This technology also has potential for the recovery of palladium, which reaches 60% for conditions that could be further optimized. Moreover, the electrochemical reactions induced by the plasma discharges can degrade highly toxic contaminants such as cyanides. These promising results stimulated the first steps for the implementation of this technology to the industrial scale in collaboration with various partner companies from the mining and semi-conductor fields.
Kulikova, Maria. "Reconnaissance de forme pour l'analyse de scène". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00477661.
Pełny tekst źródłaDelhomme, Eric. "Déliantage, par CO2 supercritique, de matériaux céramiques réfractaires mis en forme par injection basse pression". Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0010.
Pełny tekst źródłaFauconnier, Jean-Philippe. "Acquisition de liens sémantiques à partir d'éléments de mise en forme des textes : exploitation des structures énumératives". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30023.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe past decade witnessed significant advances in the field of relation extraction from text, facilitating the building of lexical or semantic resources. However, the methods proposed so far (supervised learning, kernel methods, distant supervision, etc.) don't fully exploit the texts : they are usually applied at the sentential level and they don't take into account the layout and the formatting of texts. In such a context, this thesis aims at expanding those methods and makes them layout-aware for extracting relations expressed beyond sentence boundaries. For this purpose, we rely on the semantics conveyed by typographical (bullets, emphasis, etc.) and dispositional (visual indentations, carriage returns, etc.) features. Those features often substitute purely discursive formulations. In particular, the study reported here is dealing with the relations carried by the vertical enumerative structures. Although they display discontinuities between their various components, the enumerative structures can be dealt as a whole at the semantic level. They form textual structures prone to hierarchical relations. This study was divided into two parts. (i) The first part describes a model representing the hierarchical structure of documents. This model is falling within the theoretical framework representing the textual architecture : an abstraction of the layout and the formatting, as well as a strong connection with the rhetorical structure are achieved. However, our model focuses primarily on the efficiency of the analysis process rather than on the expressiveness of the representation. A bottom-up method intended for building automatically this model is presented and evaluated on a corpus of PDF documents. (ii) The second part aims at integrating this model into the process of relation extraction. In particular, we focused on vertical enumerative structures. A multidimensional typology intended for characterizing those structures was established and used into an annotation task. Thanks to corpus-based observations, we proposed a two-step method, by supervised learning, for qualifying the nature of the relation and identifying its arguments. The evaluation of our method showed that exploiting the formatting and the layout of documents, in combination with standard lexico-syntactic features, improves those two tasks
Filbois, Alain. "Contributions à la modélisation automatique d'objets polyédriques 3D : extraction des primitives 3D, facettes et segments". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL075N.
Pełny tekst źródłaALAHMAD, MOUHAMAD. "Developpement de methodes de vision par ordinateur : extraction de primitives geometriques". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13192.
Pełny tekst źródłaVandenbossche, Maréchal Virginie. "Fractionnement des tiges et capitules de tournesol : hydrodistillation d'une huile essentielle odorante, extraction et modification chimique de pectines, et mise en forme d'agromatériaux biodégradables". Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT025C.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuiraud, Olivier. "Rhéologie des suspensions concentrées de fibres : application à la mise en forme des matériaux composites". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00680734.
Pełny tekst źródłaGemmerlé, Didier. "Contributions à la modélisation automatique d'objets polyédriques 3D construction du modèle à partir de groupements perceptuels". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL076N.
Pełny tekst źródłaEvon, Philippe Rigal Luc. "Nouveau procédé de bioraffinage du tournesol plante entière par fractionnement thermo-mécano-chimique en extrudeur bi-vis étude de l'extraction aqueuse des lipides et de la mise en forme du raffinat en agromatériaux par thermomoulage /". Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000668.
Pełny tekst źródłaXing, Xiaoliang. "Etude et realisation d'un systeme temps reel de vision par ordinateur". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13078.
Pełny tekst źródłaPeteri, Renaud. "Extraction de réseaux de rues en milieu urbain à partir d'images satellites à très haute résolution spatiale". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000508.
Pełny tekst źródłaEvon, Philippe. "Nouveau procédé de bioraffinage du tournesol plante entière par fractionnement thermo-mécano-chimique en extrudeur bi-vis : étude de l'extraction aqueuse des lipides et de la mise en forme du raffinat en agromatériaux par thermomoulage". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7723/1/evon.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaChaumartin, François-Régis. "Antelope, une plate-forme de TAL permettant d'extraire les sens du texte : théorie et applications de l'interface syntaxe-sémantique". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00803531.
Pełny tekst źródłaSadikine, Mohamed Amine. "Deep vascular segmentation with geometric and topological constraints". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BRES0042.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the evolving field of medical image analysis, blood vessel segmentation plays a key role in improving computer-aided diagnosis and surgical planning. This work combines three innovative contributions to advance the automatic segmentation of vascular structures. Firstly, we introduce a novel methodology that enhances U-Net inspired architectures with a semi-overcomplete convolutional auto-encoder that integrates shape priors to improve the delineation of intricate vascular systems, with a specific emphasis on characterizing fine structures. Subsequently, our research delves into enhancing vessel delineation through a novel joint prior encoding mechanism that combines geometric and topological constraints, providing a unified latent space that captures contextual information and connectivity of blood vessels, thereby addressing the challenges posed by their anatomical variability. Finally, we present a novel clustering technique for scale decomposition, along with a multi-task supervised approach that incorporates scale-specific auxiliary tasks and contrastive learning. These advances represent a step forward in reliable automated vascular segmentation, offering the potential to enhance clinical outcomes in a wide range of applications in clinical routine
Perez, Oramas Oliver. "Contribution à une méthodologie d'intégration de connaissances pour le traitement d'images : application à la détection de contours par règles linguistiques floues". Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10091.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, we propose a contribution to a methodology for knowledge integration in image processing that we apply to edge detection. We outlined this methodology under the base of the theory of fuzzy information granulation, recently suggested by L A. Zadeh. Thus, we built a contextual model, for an edge detection application, that incorporates knowledge about the elements relating to the acquisition system and that takes into account the imprecision of real contours. This model is inserted in a fuzzy image processing paradigm. This document is articulated in four parts. First, we present our point of view about an industrial vision system. Next, we introduce linguistic modeling as the theoretical base of approximate reasoning as same as the theory of the fuzzy information granulation. Second, we start with a generalization of image processing applications using fuzzy set theory through the paradigm of fuzzy image processing. Then we particularize this paradigm for fuzzy rules system case in order to construct our edge detection operator FRED, (Fuzzy Reasoning Edge Detection). FRED consists of five modules : the extraction of properties, the fuzzification, the reasoning, the defuzzification and the contextual model related to the knowledge base. On the ground of fuzzy information granulation, we presented a methodology to construct the contextual model, implying the stages of granulation, attribution and valuation. Third, we detail the implementation of two operators of detection of contours on the basis of FRED. Although these two operators use the same generic structure and have the same objective, edge detection, they translate nevertheless two different contexts. The results of these operators are then aggregated with a specific fusion operator that we have especially developed. And fourth, we validate the implementations of our two operators\ using Fram and Deutsch criteria on computergenerated images. These criteria reflect the robustness of the operator with respect to the noise and the continuity of the contour's segment. An application concerning a renal arteriography edge detection process ends this document
Devinoy, Raymond Henri. "Contribution à l'extraction de primitives, à la classification et au diagnostic dans le domaine biomédical". Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES072.
Pełny tekst źródłaRochery, Marie. "Contours actifs d´ordre supérieur et leur application à la détection de linéiques dans des images de télédétection". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010631.
Pełny tekst źródłaPeng, Ting. "Nouveaux modèles de contours actifs d'ordre supérieur, formes «a priori» et analyse multi-échelle : leurs application à l'extraction de réseaux routiers à partir des images satellitaires à très haute résolution". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349768.
Pełny tekst źródłaSimonetto, Elisabeth. "Extraction 3-D de structures industrielles sur des images RAMSES haute résolution par radargrammétrie". Phd thesis, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749513.
Pełny tekst źródłaBrunet, Sylvie. "Mesure du rapport d'embranchement de B → π⁰lv et extraction de l'élément |V[indice]u[indice]b| de la matrice CKM à l'expérience BABAR à l'aide de la technique des étiquettes B → D⁽*⁾lv". Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6752.
Pełny tekst źródłaBenjira, Mohammed Amine. "Classification automatique des diatomées". Thèse, 2019. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9407/1/eprint9407.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSimard, Martin. "Mesure du rapport d'embranchement des désintégrations B^0--> pi^- l^+v et B^+--> êta^(') l^+v, du spectre des facteurs de forme des désintégrations B^0--> pi^- l^+v et B^+--> êta l^+v, et extraction de |V_ub| dans l'expérience BABAR". Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4991.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe report the results of a study of the exclusive charmless semileptonic decays, B^+--> êta^(') l^+v and B^0--> pi^- l^+v, undertaken with approximately 464 million BBbar pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector. The analysis uses events in which the signal B decays are reconstructed with a loose neutrino reconstruction technique. We obtain partial branching fractions for B^+--> êta l^+v and B^0--> pi^- l^+v decays in three and twelve bins of q^2, respectively, from which we extract the f_+(q^2) form-factor shapes and the total branching fractions B(B^+--> êta l^+v) = (3.39 +/- 0.46_stat +/- 0.47_syst) x 10^-5 and B(B^0--> pi^- l^+v) = (1.42 +/- 0.05_stat +/- 0.08_syst) x 10^-4. We also measure B(B^+--> êta' l^+v+) = (2.43 +/-0.80_stat +/- 0.34_syst) x 10^-5. We obtain values for the magnitude of the CKM matrix element |V_ub| using three different QCD calculations.