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TOGRIDOU, ANATOLI, TASOS HOVARDAS i JOHN D. PANTIS. "Factors shaping implementation of protected area management decisions: a case study of the Zakynthos National Marine Park". Environmental Conservation 33, nr 3 (8.08.2006): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892906003171.
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Institutional and non-institutional factors for the success of protected area (PA) governance have repeatedly been identified, but their relative weight has not been evaluated. To investigate the implementation of PA management in Zakynthos (Greece), meeting minutes of the local Park Authority for its first four years of operation were reviewed and statistically analysed. The Park Authority's autonomy and management complexity were indicated and with reference to governance, members of the local Park Authority belonged to the ‘inner-circle’ of decision-making and the Ministry of Environment formed the ‘environment’, since administrative issues had to be approved by the latter. Implementation of actions referring to administrative issues was less likely than implementation of environmental, social and economic arrangements, where the Park Authority had a higher degree of autonomy. The implementation of arrangements for promoting administrative stability and viability was highly dependent on external actions (annual government funding and approval of by-law governance and implementation). The more sophisticated and complex the governance system became, the more likely it was that Park Authority encountered difficulty when trying to make choices and changes. The methodology proved effective in revealing the management behaviour of the Park Authority, as well as indicating institutional and non-institutional issues that most significantly affected the harnessing of resources and the degree of action implementation; this could offer crucial feedback to managers and governmental representatives on the factors responsible for the success or failure of PA management.
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Yurchenko, V. "BODIES OF THE EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE EMERGENCE OF THE EXTERNAL SITUATION". Collected Scientific Papers of the Institute of Public Administration in the Sphere of Civil Protection, nr 6 (19.12.2018): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35577/iducz.2018.06.13.
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In the scientific article the problems of activity of local bodies of executive power and local self-government bodies in the conditions of emergence of an emergency are investigated.
Based on the analysis of the actions of the leadership of local authorities, local self-government bodies in the conditions of an emergency situation and conducted command-and-staff exercises, it has been established that their decisions are not always accepted optimally correct, and the organization of work on the elimination of the consequences of an emergency, evacuation of the population requires improvement .
The lack of knowledge of the leadership of local executive bodies about their functional responsibilities in matters of organization of evacuation and life support of the population is revealed.
It has been established that the management body does not have the skills to manage forces and means in the conditions of emergencies, has insufficient level of preparation for the organization of interaction between the authorities and forces. There are problems with the preparation of operational and reporting documentation.
The content of the tasks of the head of the work and the emergency response staff, the list of operational and reporting documentation is considered.
The scientific article provides suggestions for raising the level of training of the management staff and specialists, whose activities are related to the organization and implementation of measures on civil protection of local executive bodies, local government bodies in the field of Central Asia.
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Jagers, Sverker C., Niklas Harring, Åsa Löfgren, Martin Sjöstedt, Francisco Alpizar, Bengt Brülde, David Langlet i in. "On the preconditions for large-scale collective action". Ambio 49, nr 7 (12.11.2019): 1282–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01284-w.
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Abstract The phenomenon of collective action and the origin of collective action problems have been extensively and systematically studied in the social sciences. Yet, while we have substantial knowledge about the factors promoting collective action at the local level, we know far less about how these insights travel to large-scale collective action problems. Such problems, however, are at the heart of humanity’s most pressing challenges, including climate change, large-scale natural resource depletion, biodiversity loss, nuclear proliferation, antibiotic resistance due to overconsumption of antibiotics, and pollution. In this paper, we suggest an analytical framework that captures the theoretical understanding of preconditions for large-scale collective action. This analytical framework aims at supporting future empirical analyses of how to cope with and overcome larger-scale collective action problems. More specifically, we (i) define and describe the main characteristics of a large-scale collective action problem and (ii) explain why voluntary and, in particular, spontaneous large-scale collective action among individual actors becomes more improbable as the collective action problem becomes larger, thus demanding interventions by an external authority (a third party) for such action to be generated. Based on this, we (iii) outline an analytical framework that illustrates the connection between third-party interventions and large-scale collective action. We conclude by suggesting avenues for future research.
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Burns, Edgar. "Environmental Ethnography". Ethnographic Edge 7, nr 1 (8.05.2024): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/ee.v7i1.237.
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Environmental ethnography is discussed here from involvement with a local government authority in Aotearoa New Zealand focused on soil, water and land management. Climate change and environmental degradation are making such local government work more difficult and expensive. As costs trend upwards and new rules are applied, community challenges to local authorities increase. Environmental ethnography identifies constraints on the organisational ability to meet infrastructural needs to produce environmental solutions locally. Some constraints are internal (organisational), some are local (community beliefs and attitudes), but the most significant constraints are external to local agencies. In ethnographic terms, working with local and national environmental authorities is a process of learning from staff, scientists, and administrators. Māori and Pākehā communities’ efforts to manage their local destinies provide insights into pressures on local government organisations. Landowners’ expectations and politicised discourses of climate denial or deferral also constrain day-to-day local authority work. Three intersections of local authority organisations' actions and local communities’ responses emerge from reflecting on this ethnographic learning, each shaping what local authorities can achieve. First, the social is not another set of insights; rather, the social is in the science. Second, in Aotearoa New Zealand the familiar nature-society binary is usefully disturbed by mātauranga Māori understandings of people and the environment. Third, changing modern productivist attitudes towards the environment is more than local—it is national and global—yet people’s responses are also intensely local. Environmental ethnography helps illuminate such tensions that create organisational and community dilemmas for local government authorities.
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Bovsunovskaya, I. "PARTNERSHIP OF THE AUTHORITY, BUSINESS AND COMMUNITY AS A COMPLEX OF THE CAPACITY OF THE UNIONED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES". Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Public Administration 10, nr 1 (2018): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2616-9193.2018/10-2/12.
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The purpose of this article is a theoretical and methodological analysis of the development of the institution of partnership of power, business and community as a mechanism for increasing the capacity of the united territorial communities to resolving of local issues. The main сonclusions and results of the research are used in the educational process in the development and teaching of normative and special courses "Economics and Governance" and "Decentralization and Development of Territorial Communities" at the Tavrida National V. I. Vernadsky University for the students of the Master's program "Public Management and Administration". The concept of the capacity of the territorial community as an ability to perform the functions entrusted by the legislation directly to the community and local self-government authorities with regard to ensuring its life and development is defined. The configuration of the capacity of the territorial community has been substantiated, its components (internal and external capacity) have been clarified. The functioning of the institution of partnership between the authorities, the private sector and the community is considered as an important part of the capacity of territorial communities to decide local issues. It is proved that strengthening the local economy, the competitiveness of the territories, increasing investment and improving the quality of life requires understanding of the processes of local economic development and taking strategic action in a changing, and increasingly competitive, market economy. It has been determined that the role of the state as an important participant in partnership with local governments, with territorial communities and the private sector is becoming more and more significant. The main results of this article can be applied by public authorities, local government authorities, research centers and institutes, and higher educational institutions.
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Hønneland, Geir. "Cooperative action between fishermen and inspectors in the Svalbard Zone". Polar Record 35, nr 194 (lipiec 1999): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400015497.
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AbstractThis article demonstrates that, similar to the many cases of self-regulation of local commons, it is in certain conditions also possible to manage an international ocean-fishery without the use of direct coercion. The case study from the Svalbard Zone supports the argument of cooperative action theory: that a limited number of participants, rules at least partly designed by the users themselves, and a system of graduated punishment contribute to compliance with established rules. Based on observational data as well as in-depth interviews with Norwegian and Russian fishermen in the area, it seems particularly fruitful to conceive of the Norwegian Coast Guard not only as a state enforcement body in the Svalbard Zone, but its representatives also as constituent parts of a social system, a ‘seafaring community,’ in the area. When, due to jurisdictional dispute, it has been impossible to rely fully on external regulation in the area, the Coast Guard has taken upon itself the role of the mediator, admittedly representing state interests, but nevertheless aimed at achieving consensus with the fishing fleet on important regulation issues. Hence, the internal authority of this Arctic Ocean fisheries lies above all in the interface between fishermen's and inspector's arguments, and in the social relations accompanying the exchange of professional opinions.
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R., Emy Kholifah, Suwignyo Widagdo i Baktiawan Nusanto. "Empowerment of Fishermen Communities Amidst Elite Interest Conflicts: A Study on the Implementation of Integrated Cold Storage Policy in Jember, Indonesia". MUHARRIK: Jurnal Dakwah dan Sosial 6, nr 2 (26.03.2024): 287–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/muharrik.v6i2.4714.
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This study examines the complexities surrounding the Empowerment of coastal communities amidst conflicting elite interests, mainly focusing on the political-economic dynamics of cold storage management in Puger Kulon, Jember Regency. Utilizing descriptive qualitative research methods, data were gathered from coastal community leaders, local government officials, and fishermen. The findings reveal significant challenges stemming from cultural and economic factors in empowering coastal communities. The presence of interest groups seeking to maintain influence exacerbates these challenges. The power struggle between politically influential figures and external investors leaves the community disadvantaged. While the government aims to maintain regional stability, its limited authority impedes effective action. The inability to implement large-scale empowerment initiatives or delegate responsibilities due to a high conflict of interest among entrepreneurs hampers efforts to enhance fishermen's welfare.
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Gow, David. "Doubly Damned: Dealing with Power and Praxis in Development Anthropology". Human Organization 52, nr 4 (1.12.1993): 380–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.52.4.5565v40l51p12106.
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Development anthropologists are doubly damned-criticized by both academics and development professionals on romantic, moral, and intellectual grounds, and basically regarded as second-class citizens within the "development community." As a result, they have studiously avoided defining the principal objectives of development. Likewise, they have shied away from developing theories that direct action to the underlying causes of "underdevelopment." And given their traditional focus on the local context, development anthropologists have often been hard pressed to deal effectively with external factors, particularly power, whether political, institutional, or economic. An analysis of three rural development projects shows how anthropologists dealt with power. A key element was their effectiveness in the policy arena, based partly on their "anthropological authority," but also on their relative autonomy. Equally important is a broader definition of local participation that includes a realistic approach to empowerment. For development anthropology to shed its stigma of damnation, it is necessary for it to increase its concentration on critique and analysis, leading to better policy formulation, and the opportunity to implement policy as theory in practice.
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Johnstone, Leanne, David Yates i Sebastian Nylander. "Taking shape within the structural and the personal: sustainability accountability within a Swedish public sector organisation". Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 14, nr 7 (23.10.2023): 287–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-08-2022-0450.
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Purpose This paper aims to better understand how accountability for sustainability takes shape within organisations and specifically, what makes employees act in a Swedish local authority. This aim moves beyond the prevalent external face of accountability in social and environmental accounting research by observing how employees understand and act upon their multiple accountability demands. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a single case study approach within a Swedish local authority, drawing from qualitative data including semi-structured interviews, site visits and governing documents. Findings Sustainable action is not only the product of hierarchically enforced structural accountabilities and procedures but often must be reconciled with the personal perspectives of the public sector employees involved as part of an accountability dynamic. Additionally, the findings reveal that hierarchical accountability, rather than serving to individualise and isolate employees, acts as a prompt for the more practical and personal reconciliations of accountability with the ethics and experiences of the individual involved. Practical implications Greater consideration to employee socialisation processes in public sector organisations should be given to reinforce organisational governance systems and controls, and thus help ensure sustainable behaviour in practice. Social implications Employee socialisation processes are important for the development of sustainable practices both within and beyond organisational boundaries. Originality/value This study considers the interrelatedness of hierarchical and socialising accountability measures and contributes towards the understanding of the relationship between these two accountability forms, contrary to previous understandings that emphasise their contrasting nature and incompatibility.
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Vardari-Kesler, Alma. "Politics of Protest in Supervised Statehood: Co-Shared Governance and Erosion of Citizenship.The Case-study of the Vetevendosje! Movement in Kosovo". Southeastern Europe 36, nr 2 (2012): 149–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633312x642068.
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Kosovo’s case presents a mixture of post-socialist politics with a post-war reality. Its deeply divided society is struggling to solve the ethnic conflict while dealing with state-building and democratization. Within this context, the existence of a dual governing authority (local and international) has created a unique political and social context of supervised statehood with contested external sources of power. In an attempt to shed light on Kosovo’s contentious politics, in this article I examine the case study of the social movement “Levizja Vetevendosje!” (LV), i.e. the Movement for Self-determination, while arguing firstly that given the discourse of Security and Stabilization, the collective resistance of LV is framed as an issue of security and as such a destabilizing factor, resulting thus in the de-politization and the marginalization of LV’s contentious collective action. Secondly, I claim that the establishment of co-shared governance between the local and international political institutions has led to the estrangement of the domestic society from the daily political arena due to the reciprocal dependency of both sides on each other, resulting in the erosion of citizenship in Kosovo.
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Witter, Sophie, Maria van der Merwe, Rhian Twine, Denny Mabetha, Jennifer Hove, Stephen M. Tollman i Lucia D’Ambruoso. "Opening decision spaces: A case study on the opportunities and constraints in the public health sector of Mpumalanga Province, South Africa". PLOS ONE 19, nr 7 (5.07.2024): e0304775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304775.
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Background Decentralised and evidence-informed health systems rely on managers and practitioners at all levels having sufficient ‘decision space’ to make timely locally informed and relevant decisions. Our objectives were to understand decision spaces in terms of constraints and enablers and outline opportunities through which to expand them in an understudied rural context in South Africa. Methods This study examined decision spaces within Mpumalanga Province, using data and insights generated through a participatory action research process with local communities and health system stakeholders since 2015, which was combined with published documents and research team participant observation to produce findings on three core domains at three levels of the health system. Results Although capacity for decision making exists in the system, accessing it is frequently made difficult due to a number of intervening factors. While lines of authority are generally well-defined, personal networks take on an important dimension in how stakeholders can act. This is expressed through a range of informal coping strategies built on local relationships. There are constraints in terms of limited formal external accountability to communities, and internal accountability which is weak in places for individuals and focused more on meeting performance targets set at higher levels and less on enabling effective local leadership. More generally, political and personal factors are clearly identified at higher levels of the system, whereas at sub-district and facility levels, the dominant theme was constrained capacity. Conclusions By examining the balance of authority, accountability and capacity across multiple levels of the provincial health system, we are able to identify emergent decision space and areas for enlargement. Creating spaces to support more constructive relationships and dialogue across system levels emerges as important, as well as reinforcing horizontal networks to problem solve, and developing the capacity of link-agents such as community health workers to increase community accountability.
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Andrichenko, Ludmila V. "Features of the Organization of Local Self-Government in Certain Territories". Journal of Russian Law 28, nr 10 (2024): 44. https://doi.org/10.61205/s160565900030860-0.
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Despite the ongoing evolution towards uniform approaches to implementing the principles of organization and functioning of local self-government, it is objectively impossible in the Russian territorial and socio-economic space to abandon the numerous constructive features of the arrangement of public authority at the local level. Such features are predetermined by many, quite different factors, dominating in one period or another or in one region or another. Most of these features are patronized by federal legislation, which is largely quite fragmented. These features form additional characteristics in the general model of local self-government organization, typically related to the creation of a new management module within it, expanding the perimeter of possible actions of state authorities in relation to local self-government or changing the competence of municipal formations. In the article, taking into account the dialectical method of scientific cognition aimed at revealing legal phenomena and processes in their interconnection and systemic unity, as well as other general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization), various options of existing features of local self-government organization that enhance the potential and adaptability of local authorities to external circumstances are explored. Additionally, individual solutions for their legislative support are proposed.
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Pramestisari, Nyoman Ayu Sukma, i Ni Luh Nyoman Kebayantini. "EKSISTENSI ORGANISASI MASYARAKAT SIPIL DALAM DINAMIKA SISTEM DEMOKRASI DI INDONESIA". Journal of Humanity Studies 1, nr 1 (21.09.2022): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22202/jhs.2022.v1i1.6187.
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The history of the 1998 reformation has become a momentum for the implementation of Indonesian democracy after the authoritarian regime of the New Order Soeharto. Through a study of three major journals, it is seen how in Indonesia's democratic system it can be positively interpreted that mass organizations can grow. Even so, there are several actions of mass organizations that lead to the nuances of violence through their various actions. If using Marx's perspective, the state will regard this resistance as a threat to democracy. Another dimension is present when trying to understand that local mass organizations with violent radicals ideally have the aim of protecting local matters from being eroded by external interests that can threaten the identity and local community. Therefore, violence is understood as a way for them to defend and fight against things that are considered threatening. State recognition of locality- based identities and groups, including how mass organizations represent the existence of locality-based communities, is important. Recognition at this level should involve and pay attention to local wisdom so that policy as a product has authority in its application in the community.
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Kidirniyazov, D. S. "THE PEOPLES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE RELATIONS OF RUSSIA AND TURKEY IN THE 1770-1790 s". History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 13, nr 3 (15.09.2017): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch13324-34.
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The Küçük Kaynardzha Peace Treaty of 1774, which sanctioned joining of Kabardia and Ossetia to Russia and formal independence of the Kuban Nogais, once again confirmed that the solution of the question of the international legal status of the North Caucasus was the prerogative right of great powers and did not belong to the sphere of Russian-Caucasian relations. Since the 1770s, military lines in the form of fortification chains and some Cossack settlements were built in the region. Access to the Black Sea at the end of the 18th century and joining of the Crimea to Russia became important events in international life and politics. They raised the authority of Russia in Europe and at the same time heightened tensions with the Turkish Empire. The people’s liberation movement under Sheikh Mansur’s command caused a massive public outcry in the North Caucasus due to common goals of the local peoples in the liberation struggle. The Treaty of Jassy of 1791 only confirmed the terms of the peace treaty of 1774 without any new territorial changes in the region. During the period under consideration, the Russian authorities hardly took any actions in regards to the local peoples. The actions of the Russian administration in the region did not go beyond external control and encouragement of trade and economic ties between the local population and immigrants from the central provinces of Russia. The control was carried out by the military authorities actively introduced into the geographical area of the region (construction of fortresses, creation of new garrisons and places of deployment of Russian troops). The creation of the civil administration of the region (vicarious authority, government, police force) was also started.
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Hussein, Mohamed Mohamud. "Local Governance: Concepts and Roles of the Contemporary Society in Somalia". International Journal of Geopolitics and Governance 2, nr 1 (28.06.2023): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/ijgg.2.1.1273.
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This article presents a comprehensive examination of the historical and contemporary dynamics of governance in Somalia. It begins with a review of the country's socio-political landscape, highlighting the impact of the civil war, the emergence of clan-based territories, and the rise of non-state actors. The article then traces the evolution of Somali governance from independence to the present day, emphasizing the transition from a centralized authority to a federal system. The role of external stakeholders in Somalia's reconciliation and recovery process is thoroughly analyzed, drawing attention to the complex influences of international and regional actors. A key focus of the article is the formation of the third tier of government in Somalia, the district council, under the Wadajir framework. The challenges faced by this newly established entity, including clan-based conflicts and a fragile revenue system, are discussed in detail. At the same time, the potential of the district council in fostering improved local government actions, encouraging community engagement in development and ensuring fairer resource distribution is underscored. The article concludes with a forward-looking discussion on the prospects of inclusive governance and local empowerment in Somalia's future. This comprehensive analysis serves as a valuable resource for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners interested in Somali politics and governance
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Sarjana, S., M. N. Setiapermas i S. Basuki. "ANTISIPASI DAN MEKANISME PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PETANI DALAM PENGENDALIAN DAMPAK ANOMALI IKLIM(FARMERS’ ANTICIPATION AND DECISION MAKING MECHANISM IN MANAGING IMPACT OF CLIMATE ANOMALY)". Agromet 21, nr 1 (19.06.2007): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j.agromet.21.1.47-54.
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<p>Farmer’s collective participation in climate anomaly anticipating and managing its impacts are more significant. The study purposed to identify the climate anomaly impact and its anticipation in farmer’s level. The study is conducted in eight districts, i.e., Temanggung, Magelang, Kebumen, Brebes, Kendal, Grobogan, Pati, and Sragen, on July – October 2005. The analysis based on interview of 84 respondents that consist of farmers and officers of local agricultural services. According to the farmers, El Nino affected their farming activities like longer dry season, decreased yield, delay of onset planting season, increased costs for irrigation, seed, pesticides, and cost of land preparation. In farmers’ level, climate anomaly impacts was managed by planting schedules improvement, changing varieties or commodities, and looking for alternative sources of waters. Farmers determine the actions by considering collective decision and the guidance of agriculture extension workers. Time tolerance of farmers tin tailoring climate anomaly is about a month. However, most of farmers manage the farming system based on normal condition. As the climate anomaly is an external factor that affect farming system, local authority should support the farmer’s collective actions through dissemination of anticipation strategies in managing the impacts climate anomaly, and support facilities to implement the strategies.</p>
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Hedley, Steve. "Negligence–vicarious liability of health authorities–diagnosis of dyslexia". Cambridge Law Journal 58, nr 2 (lipiec 1999): 265–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197399232011.
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DYSLEXIA is a specific difficulty in learning how to use written notation, not attributable to generally low intellectual performance, emotional difficulties, or external factors. While its existence as a condition in its own right had been suspected for over a century, it is only much more recently that relatively definite tests for its existence have been developed. Even now, no one test can conclusively show its presence or absence. Local education authorities must provide for the special educational needs of children under their care, though it is settled law that the authorities cannot themselves be sued for breach of those duties (X (Minors) v. Bedfordshire C.C. [1995] 2 A.C. 633). However, X contains strong dicta that where the plaintiff can demonstrate negligence by particular members of staff, such as educational psychologists, then those members of staff will be personally liable, and the authority will be vicariously liable. Phelps v. Hillingdon L.B.C. [1999] 1 W.L.R. 500 raises the question whether this is actually so. The Court of Appeal, reversing Garland J., have now held that there is no such liability. The court heard that even if (contrary to their view) the plaintiff in the case could establish professional negligence by an educational psychologist through failure to diagnose her dyslexia, and that this negligence caused her appreciable harm, none the less she had no cause of action.
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Sergey A., Chernyshov. "Reconstruction of the Motives and Goals of the First Colonizers of Siberia Based on the Materials of the Russian Colonization of the Far East". Humanitarian Vector 16, nr 6 (grudzień 2021): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-6-109-121.
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The article reconstructs individual characteristics of the subjects of the initial colonization of Siberia and the Far East and episodes of their advance to new lands. The main methodological approach of the research is the principle of historicism, as well as the principle of “activity constitutes”, widespread in psychological science, according to which identical activities and external conditions should give rise to similar worldview systems. On the basis of this premise, the possibility of judgments by analogy is substantiated in relation to the motives and goals of the first colonizers of Siberia based on the materials of the development of the Far East by the Russians. On the basis of materials of personal origin, the author examines the strategies of legitimizing individual actions of the pioneers through forcing the factor of external threat, as well as using the idea of “state good”. The colonialists use these arguments as a justification for their own actions in the east. At the same time, the acts of colonization undertaken by them have an adventurous connotation characterized by actions with a pronounced emotional component of the decisions made. The problems of relations with aborigines are considered separately. It is concluded that the idea of “peaceful peasant colonization”, which has a civilizing significance for the local population is untenable, as well as the conventionality of the transition of the aborigines under the authority of the Moscow government, which is fully realized by the pioneers.
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Chu, Eric K. "Transnational Support for Urban Climate Adaptation: Emerging Forms of Agency and Dependency". Global Environmental Politics 18, nr 3 (sierpień 2018): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00467.
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Transnational actors are critical for financing programs and generating awareness around climate change adaptation in cities. However, it is unclear whether transnational support actually enables more authority over adaptation actions and whether outcomes address wide-ranging development needs. In this article, I compare experiences from three cities in India—Surat, Indore, and Bhubaneswar—and link local political agency over adaptation with their supporting transnational funders. I find that adaptation governance involves powers of agency over directing bureaucratic practices, public finance, spatial strategies, and institutional culture. A city’s ability to exert these powers then yields different patterns of adaptation. However, political agency is circumscribed by a combination of historical political economic constraints and emerging transnational resources that promote specific forms of political meaning and procedures. The presence of external support therefore paradoxically constrains the governance autonomy of cities. This opens up new opportunities for development dependency—that is, ones that mirror neoliberal critiques of foreign aid—within the global marketplace for climate finance.
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Johnstone, Megan-Jane. "Patient safety, ethics and whistleblowing: a nursing response to the events at the Campbelltown and Camden Hospitals". Australian Health Review 28, nr 1 (2004): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah040013.
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IN NOVEMBER 2002, in what stands as one of the most significant whistle blowing cases in the history of the Australian health care system, four nurses went public with concerns they had about the management of clinical incidents and patient safety at two hospitals in Sydney, New South Wales. The handling of this case and its aftermath raises important moral questions concerning the nature of whistleblowing in health care domains and the possible implications for the patient safety and quality of care movement in Australia. This paper presents an overview of the case, the moral risks associated with whistleblowing, and some lessons learned. The International Council of Nurses (2000) Code of Ethics stipulates that nurses have a stringent responsibility to 'take appropriate action to safeguard individuals when their care is endangered by a co-worker or any other person'. Other local and international nursing codes of ethics and standards of professional conduct likewise obligate nurses to take appropriate action to safeguard individuals when placed at risk by the incompetent, unethical or illegal acts of others ? including the system. Despite these coded moral prescriptions for responsible and accountable professional conduct, taking appropriate action when others are placed at risk (including making reports to appropriate authorities) is never an easy task nor is it free of risk for nurses. As has been amply demonstrated in the literature, taking a moral stance to protect patient safety and quality of care can be extremely hazardous to nurses (Johnstone 1994, 2002, 2004; Ahern & McDonald 2002). In situations where nurses report their concerns to an appropriate authority but nothing is done to either investigate or validate their claims, nurses are faced with the ethical dilemma and 'choice' of whether to: do nothing ('put up and shut up'); leave their current place of employment (and possibly even the profession); or take the matter further ('blow the whistle') by reporting their concerns to an external authority that they perceive as having the power to do something about their concerns. It is rare for nurses to 'blow the whistle' in the public domain. When they do, it is usually because they perceive that something is terribly wrong and, as a matter of conscience, they cannot just look on as morally passive bystanders. For those nurses who do take a stand, the costs to them personally and professionally are almost always devastating, with no guarantees that the situation on which they have taken a public stance will be improved. Nurses who blow the whistle often end up with their careers and lives in tatters (see case studies in Johnstone 1994 & 2004).
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Laoly, Nepho Gerson. "Dari Pengasingan ke Stabilitas: Menganalisis Kontribusi Politik dan Keagamaan Zerubabel dan Yosua." LOGON ZOES: Jurnal Teologi, Sosial dan Budaya 7, nr 2 (4.11.2024): 142–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.53827/lz.v7i2.186.
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This study explores the political and religious leadership of Zerubabel and Joshua in post-exilic Judah, focusing on their collaborative efforts to rebuild the Temple and restore national identity. Zerubabel, appointed as governor by the Persian Empire, played a critical role in navigating between Persian authority and local needs, ensuring stability through administrative strategies. Meanwhile, Joshua, as High Priest, re-established religious practices and reinforced spiritual commitments. Their integrated leadership reflects the importance of combining political and religious authority to foster social and spiritual restoration. Additionally, the theological relevance of their actions aligns with covenant renewal and messianic hopes within the Jewish community, highlighting the synergy between governance and faith in achieving long-term stability in the face of external challenges.Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi kepemimpinan politik dan agama Zerubabel dan Yosua di Yehuda pasca-pembuangan, dengan fokus pada upaya kolaboratif mereka untuk membangun kembali Bait Suci dan memulihkan identitas nasional. Zerubabel, yang ditunjuk sebagai gubernur oleh Kekaisaran Persia, memainkan peran penting dalam menyelaraskan antara otoritas Persia dan kebutuhan lokal, memastikan stabilitas melalui strategi administratif. Sementara itu, Yosua, sebagai Imam Besar, membangun kembali praktik-praktik keagamaan dan memperkuat komitmen spiritual. Kepemimpinan mereka yang terintegrasi mencerminkan pentingnya menggabungkan otoritas politik dan agama untuk mendorong pemulihan sosial dan spiritual. Selain itu, relevansi teologis dari tindakan mereka selaras dengan pembaruan perjanjian dan harapan mesianis dalam komunitas Yahudi, yang menyoroti sinergi antara pemerintahan dan iman dalam mencapai stabilitas jangka panjang dalam menghadapi tantangan eksternal.
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MOROZ, Viktoriia. "Improvement of tools for the activity of local public administration bodies in the context of European integration". Economics. Finances. Law 10, nr - (31.10.2023): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2023.10.14.
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In the paper, a study of the definition of the concept of tools of local public administration bodies, their types and directions of improvement in the context of European integration was carried out. In particular, the author notes in the paper that the tools of public administration bodies are those actions they take with the purpose of legal regulation of legal relations with their participation, with the aim of regulating them or influencing the participants of such legal relations, ensuring compliance with the rights and interests of the participants of legal relations and the state ( or other public entity) as a whole (forms of public administration), legal means (techniques) that are used (methods of public administration); the concept of "tools of activity of public administration bodies" covers the regulation of administrative legal relations of an external nature. The instruments of activity of local bodies of public administration can be normative legal acts (in the form of orders of heads of local state administrations (including military administrations), orders of heads of territorial communities, decisions of local councils and their executive committees), acts of a programmatic nature (including social programs - economic and cultural development of the community, district, region, target programs on other issues), orders and decisions of an individual nature (including regarding the implementation of administrative-procedural and administrative-delict powers. On the basis of the conducted scientific research, the author came to the conclusion that in order to improve the tools of local public administration bodies in the context of European integration, the practice of concluding administrative contracts by them should be expanded, including regarding the cooperation of public administration subjects and public authority subjects, who, on the one hand, do not belong to the executive branch of state power, and on the other hand, can participate in the implementation of state programs at their own request.
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Stepin, Aleksandr B. "Civil Right Protection Limits: Issues of the Theory and Practice". Civil law 1 (4.02.2021): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2070-2140-2021-1-11-14.
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Civil rights protection is an independent sphere of legal activity where subjective civil rights and powers of state and local self-government bodies and their officials are implemented. Ensuring compliance (coherence, balance) of the implementation of civil rights and individual public powers with the norms(s) of the law is achieved by means of limits (rules) judicial and non-judicial protection. The limits of protection are a system concept that combines the (internal) limits (rules) of the exercise of subjective civil rights (art. 10 of the civil code of the Russian Federation) and (external) limits (rules)of the authority granted (in the proper administrative procedure). They are considered together and characterize the officially established order of protection. When resolving complex issues of law enforcement related to the type of legal proceedings, the choice of the form and appropriate method of protection, etc., the limits allow you to avoid and (or) minimize the possible risks of adverse consequences in the implementation of the right to protection. At the stages of applying, securing and restoring the violated (disputed) right, the limits determine the sequence of implementation of the methods (means) of protection, the model of behavior, the scope of actions (inaction) of the counterparty, etc.
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Khan, Mishal S., Osman Dar, Ngozi A. Erondu, Afifah Rahman-Shepherd, Lara Hollmann, Chikwe Ihekweazu, Okechukwu Ukandu i in. "Using critical information to strengthen pandemic preparedness: the role of national public health agencies". BMJ Global Health 5, nr 9 (wrzesień 2020): e002830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002830.
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COVID-19 has demonstrated that most countries’ public health systems and capacities are insufficiently prepared to prevent a localised infectious disease outbreak from spreading. Strengthening national preparedness requires National Public Health Institutes (NPHIs), or their equivalent, to overcome practical challenges affecting timely access to, and use of, data that is critical to preparedness. Our situational analysis in collaboration with NPHIs in three countries—Ethiopia, Nigeria and Pakistan—characterises these challenges. Our findings indicate that NPHIs’ role necessitates collection and analysis of data from multiple sources that do not routinely share data with public health authorities. Since initiating requests for access to new data sources can be a lengthy process, it is essential that NPHIs are routinely monitoring a broad set of priority indicators that are selected to reflect the country-specific context. NPHIs must also have the authority to be able to request rapid sharing of data from public and private sector organisations during health emergencies and to access additional human and financial resources during disease outbreaks. Finally, timely, transparent and informative communication of synthesised data from NPHIs will facilitate sustained data sharing with NPHIs from external organisations. These actions identified by our analysis will support the availability of robust information systems that allow relevant data to be collected, shared and analysed by NPHIs sufficiently rapidly to inform a timely local response to infectious disease outbreaks in the future.
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Bezena, Ivan. "Modern local government – a new content of activity within the territory of the community". Public administration and local government, nr 4(43) (25.12.2019): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/101916.
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A number of public reforms have been underway in Ukraine for the third year, and administrative reform is of particular importance for a new level of state development, which aims to change the status of local authorities, accountability and content of their social work. Attempts to initiate public authority reform have been made several times, but political will has not been sufficient, the changes have been superficial: signboards replacement and re-subordination. As a rule, such actions did not change the old authoritarian system of government, the system and content of activity in government structures, and accordingly it changed only external factors, which as a result aggravated the situation in the regions, deepened the excessive centralization of territorial governance, violating European principles of self-government and budgeting. Gradually, we came to the state and tendencies that in the process of activity became a burden for state development, removal of local authorities from influencing real situation within the territory and the lack of strategy for its development.
Local authorities, as usual, expected financial subventions from the central government to solve particular territorial problems (roads, social facilities, community improvement, etc.), local authorities were discouraged from solving territorial problems and deepened destructive processes (corruption, abuse in the financial sphere, deepening the processes of complication of social status of territories, etc.) It could not last long, substantial and profound changes in territorial management, redistribution of powers, financial resources and spheres of responsibility for the real situation should have been implemented. Responsibility and resources (material, financial) were transferred from the center to the local government level. The powers of the deputy and the chairman of the local community are now filled with specifics and responsibility for solving problems of social development within the territory.
Democratization of the processes of public authorities activity from the center to the region outlined legal and practical problems regarding the competence and content of officials: the ability to communicate on certain aspects of community activity; analytical skills and practices; involving citizens in the process of preparing public decisions within the territory; strategies of activity and preparation of community work plans. The vision of the problems of the territory and the strategy of solving them becomes the key to changing the life practices of the community.
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Almasria, Nashat Ali. "Corporate Governance and the Quality of Audit Process: An Exploratory Analysis Considering Internal Audit, Audit Committee and Board of Directors". European Journal of Business and Management Research 7, nr 1 (22.01.2022): 78–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.1.1210.
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This research aims to offer a better understanding concerning the relationships between Internal Corporate Governance Mechanisms and quality of the external audit process and what are the governance mechanisms that can influence some aspects of the quality of the external audit process. Semi-structured interviews were employed in order to get detail views of the external auditors to explain and clarify how the Internal Corporate Governance Mechanisms can influence the quality of the external audit process as well as offer a better understanding of the relationships between the governance mechanisms and the quality of the external audit process. Adopting this research design (exploratory) was mainly as a response to the recent calls as there is a lack of this kind of study that investigate the relationship between the Internal Corporate Governance Mechanisms can influence the quality of the external audit process. This research focuses on the perception/insight of the Jordanian external auditors regarding the influence of Internal Corporate Governance Mechanisms on quality of the external audit process. Thus, this study uses a sample of 206 Jordanian external auditors for the survey and 13 participants from this sample for the interview. The qualitative study employed the thematic analysis to analyse the interview data. The interview results highlighted that there are different ways and stages that the ICGMs can influence the EAQ, for example, through holding effective regular meeting, ensuring the auditor compliance with the audit requirements “regular monitoring”, discussing the initial and significant audit results “draft of discussion”, taking necessary follow-up actions “feedback” as well as requesting the auditor to conduct additional tests which can in turn enhance the EAQ. The results also suggest that ICGM can assist improving different aspects of EAQ such as the quality of the evidence that are collected by the ICGM and the valuable guidance from the ICGM to the external auditor. The communication between the ICGM and external auditor can be focused on different issues related to the audit process such as auditors’ findings, the effectiveness of internal control, scope limitations and material misstatements which allow improving the effectiveness of audit process. This indicates that, the auditor must be aware of the dynamic deciding of the role of particular mechanisms in improving the external audit process. The results have implications for the practitioners and regulators who are assessing the role of ICGM in improving the reliability of the financial report and auditor’s report. The empirical findings demonstrate that different ICGM can influence different aspects of the EAQ. More importantly, the results reveal that audit practice in Jordan is experiencing some difficulties in terms of the independence of the auditor especially, for the small local firms and providing non-audit service. In addition, there is no professional body for board of director; internal audit and audit committee like Jordanian association of certified public accountant (JACPA) for the external auditor, thus, responsibilities of these mechanisms need to be formally overseen by a higher authority. For the policymakers, this study offers a unique proposition to improve the effectiveness of the ICGM to achieve EAQ. These empirical findings of this study also highlight the importance of improving EAQ as a solution for the agency problems through reducing information asymmetry, improving the disclosure practice, level of confidence and assurance of the financial reporting as well as deterring the opportunistic behaviour from different parties. This research extended the existing empirical evidence that investigated the role of the internal governance mechanisms in the audit process.
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Kildedal, Karin. "Action research in local authority practice". Social Work and Social Sciences Review 15, nr 2 (20.12.2012): 38–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v15i2.512.
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In Denmark social work has been widely criticized, mostly by Danish local authorities performing social work among children and adolescents. The criticism has been centred on social work not being sufficiently qualified and not meeting the standards set by politicians and legislation. This criticism has led to a growing political and societal pressure to professionally upgrade social work in this area, thereby making practice more knowledge-based. One way to do this could be the use of interactive research targeting the professional development of social work practice among local authorities. The article presents a concrete action research project in a large Danish local authority, involving the professional development of social work practice with at-risk families.
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Vasyltsova, Svitlana, i Anastasiia Oborina. "USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN MARKETING". Bulletin of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (economic sciences), nr 3 (14.08.2022): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2519-4461.2022.3.29.
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The article analyzes the essence of such a category as information technology and its use in the marketing activities of the enterprise. The factors both external and internal that have a great influence on this category were identified. The continuous regeneration of information technology has given rise to information systems. Communication, buying and selling, obtaining information, marketing and advertising, management, healthcare, logistics, banking are taking on new formats thanks to information technology. This study examined the impact of IT on marketing. IT has influenced marketing as marketing information systems that support all marketing operations of the business, and diversification of the marketing process. We aimed to analyze these two main effects in our study. Organizations that wanted to survive invested in information technology and thus made their work styles compatible with information technology. The exchanges were not limited to this and they directed organizations to invest in upgrading, updating and restoring hardware and software. The investments of the organizations have made the organizational structure flatter, increased the number of employees and bureaucratic work, and reduced the costs of communication, document generation and storage. It is also used from the lowest level of management to the highest level and supports all levels of management in decision making. It has provided flexibility to organisations that prefer central or local management and has impacted on organisational control, communication, authority arrangements and decision-making. Information technology, used at all levels of management, is today a strategic tool for the business world. Information technologies contribute to the foundation of the organization and perform functions such as marketing, logistics, sales, service delivery, procurement, human resource management, management. They also strengthen the value chain between organizations, customers and suppliers. All levels of management are carried out with the help of information technology. With this new information phase, organizations must change their marketing actions.
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Iankova Natchkova, Maia. "CHALLENGES TO PROFESSIONAL ETHICS, TRAINING AND CONTINUING EDUCATION OF SPECIALISTS IN THE FIELD OF INDEPENDENT FINANCIAL AUDIT". Knowledge International Journal 34, nr 5 (4.10.2019): 1301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij34051301n.
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Auditor’s profession is extremely necessary and crucial for the society. It has the important and responsible task to observe and assess the proper implementation of the principles, concepts, rules, legal standards and conventions as set out in the International Financial Reporting Standards/ International Accounting Standards, EU directives, International Standards on Auditing and the national (local) accounting legislation. Specialists in the field of independent financial audit – chartered expert accountants, registered auditors, should verify the timely, reliable, objective, correct, accurate and fair presentation, in all material aspects, of the information about the property and financial position of enterprises, their financial performance, and to determine the opportunities for investing and managing the capitals of audited enterprises in the interest of the society. Auditor’s profession is distinguished with moral at high level and professional ethics of chartered expert accountants, registered auditors; with extreme professionalism in the field of independent financial audit; with professional skepticism in the field of accounting and economic analysis; with professional optimism upon undertraining audit engagements; with independence from personal interests and lack of obligation for loyalty to the assigners of audit engagements; with ensuring high quality performance of audit engagements; with professional and intellectual knowledge and skills in the field of accounting, financial audit, economic analysis, micro- and macroeconomics, statistics and finance acquired upon completion of higher education in economics, upon sitting special examinations for obtaining qualification of chartered expert accountants, registered auditors, and upon carrying out constant and continuing education of auditors. For the purposes of keeping the trust of the society in the independent financial audit, registered auditor’s professional ethics needs to be at high level that enables authoritative and competent establishment of the role and significance of auditor’s profession in the society. Independent financial auditors should observe specific standards of conduct and fundamental professional and ethical principles as set out in the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, such as honesty, objectivity, professional competence and proper attention, confidentiality, professional conduct, observance of methodological standards and professional skepticism. They should avoid actions that could discredit the auditor’s profession and have negative impact on the good reputation of the registered auditor. Furthermore, where independent financial auditors market and promote themselves or their audit practice, they should avoid giving the society wrong idea of auditor’s profession. The work of chartered expert accountants, registered auditors is diverse and to a great extent characterized by development of the financial risk. Therefore, this study highlights some of the more significant and socially important specific characteristics of the auditor’s profession, which are monitored by the public and by the government authority supervising the work of the registered auditors. Its objective is to present, determine and distinguish the challenges in the light of good world audit practices faced by the professional ethics, training and continuing education of specialists in the field of independent financial audit, thus contributing to the improvement of their qualification and enhancement of their audit practice. This publication may be used for carrying out different types of financial audit – internal audit carried out by the financial enterprises’ internal units; independent financial audit carried out by chartered expert accountants, registered auditors, and external audit carried out by the government supervisory authority and by other government authorities.
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Smit, Tim. "Commentary: Local authority parks in the UK ‐ time for action". Cultural Trends 10, nr 38 (styczeń 2000): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09548960009365121.
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Rachim, Reslianty, Sukisno Selamet Riadi, Ardi Paminto, Felisitas Defung, Rahcmad Budi Suharto i Made Setini. "Financial services authority on profitability with external factors as moderating variables at regional development banks in Indonesia". Accounting 7, nr 6 (2021): 1445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2021.3.020.
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Analyzing the effects of Internal Factors, Local Government Interventions, External Factors and Policies of Bank Indonesia and the Financial Services Authority on Profitability with External Factors as Moderating Variables at Regional Development Banks in Indonesia. Sample this research is a Regional Development Bank of 24 Banks with research data from 2010 to 2018. A total of 24 Regional Development Banks throughout Indonesia were sampled from 2010 to 2018, so the observation data in this study includes 216 research data and there are 80 outlier data so that the data processed in this study with 136 data processed in the study. Analysis of the data in this study used Structural Equation Modeling with Warp PLS Program and internal actors gave a significant influence on profitability, Intervenes local government gave insignificant influence on profitability, External actors gave a significant influence on profitability, policy Bank Indonesia and financial services authority gave insignificant influence on profitability, Policy Bank Indonesia and financial services authority gave a positive and insignificant influence on profitability with external factors as moderation at the Regional Development Bank in Indonesia.
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Sugar, Katherine, i Janette Webb. "Value for Money: Local Authority Action on Clean Energy for Net Zero". Energies 15, nr 12 (15.06.2022): 4359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124359.
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Local authorities are well placed to realise co-benefits of integrated local energy systems; however, in the UK they have no statutory energy mandate. Planning and developing clean energy are discretionary, and persistent budget reductions, combined with the lack of strategic direction from the UK government for more localised energy provision, limit local capacity, expertise and resources. Nevertheless, some local authorities have led energy initiatives but have been unable to stimulate investment at the pace and scale required to align with net zero greenhouse gas targets. Using evidence from such initiatives, this paper discusses the institutional changes needed to enable local authorities to act. It examines existing climate and local energy plans, and their integral socio-economic value. Using this evidence, investment opportunities from locally led net zero programmes are identified. EU technical assistance funds provided a particularly successful route to local energy developments: based on value of investment secured against initial funding, it is estimated that GBP 1 million technical assistance funding to every local authority would lead to GBP 15 billion investment in local energy. Other potential funding innovations are assessed and the paper concludes with recommendations for policy and resource measures needed to convert local ambition into clean energy and energy saving investment at scale.
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Baxter, Emily. "Protecting Local Authority in State Constitutions and Challenging Intrastate Preemption". University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, nr 52.4 (2019): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.52.4.protecting.
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In recent years, state legislatures have increasingly passed laws that prohibit or preempt local action on a variety of issues, including fracking, LGBTQIA nondiscrimination, and workplace protections, among others. Often, these preemption laws are a direct response to action at the local level. States pass preemption laws either directly before or directly after a locality passes an ordinance on the same subject. Scholars have seen these preemptive moves as the outcome of the urban disadvantage in state and national government due to partisan gerrymandering. Preemption may be a feature of our governing system, but it has also become a problematic political tool state legislatures use to block the will of local governments. This Note discusses the role of cities and localities within the American republican system and proposes new ways to address preemption based on a commitment to local governing autonomy, also known as home rule. State constitutions and the guidelines courts use to interpret state constitutions offer an opportunity to improve and secure the relationship between state and local governments. The first Part of this Note addresses theories of local power, the second Part surveys a broad range of sources and examples to understand the scope of state preemption of local action, and the third Part critiques proposals to address preemption while offering new ideas to further that effort focused on amending state constitutions. Finally, the Appendix contains an original qualitative analysis of states’ constitutional home rule provisions and statutes.
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Platt, Elizabeth, Katie Moran-McCabe, Amy Cook i Scott Burris. "Trends in US State Public Health Emergency Laws, 2021–2022". American Journal of Public Health 113, nr 3 (marzec 2023): 288–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2022.307214.
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Objectives. To identify and categorize US state legislation introduced between January 1, 2021, and May 20, 2022, that addresses emergency health authority. Methods. We adapted standard policy surveillance methods to collect and code state bills and enacted laws limiting or expanding the emergency public health authority of state and local officials and agencies. Results. State legislators introduced 1531 bills addressing public health authority; 191 of those were enacted in 43 states and the District of Columbia, including 17 expanding and 65 contracting emergency authority, 163 regulating use, and 30 preempting local use of specific measures such as mask mandates. Conclusions. State laws setting the scope and limits of emergency authority are crucial to effective public health response. These laws are changing in ways that threaten to reduce response capacity. Tracking changes in health law infrastructure is important for evaluating changes in health authority and ensuring that stakeholders recognize these changes. Public Health Implications. The COVID-19 pandemic called for quick, decisive action to limit infections, and when the next outbreak hits, new laws limiting health authority will make such action even more difficult. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(3):288–296. https://doi.org/10.2105/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307214 )
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Gibson, Terry David, Festus Tongwa Aka, Ruiti Aretaake, Sarwar Bari, Guillaume Chantry, Manu Gupta, Jesusa Grace Molina i in. "Local voices and action: concluding discussion". Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 28, nr 1 (4.02.2019): 126–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-05-2018-0176.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the findings from the body of case studies offered in the issue, combined with three external perspectives on local voices and action. Design/methodology/approach Using as its basis the eight key case studies and three external contributions to the special issue, the paper offers a theoretical framework as a basis for discussion of this material. Through this, it identifies possible modes of action understood through the theoretical framework and elaborated through the specific cases. It concludes with proposals for further work. Findings The discussion finds that from a local perspective, the ambitions of local populations and local NGOs to achieve emancipatory change depend on the scope for local collaboration and partnerships to exercise influence on underlying risk factors. It resolves the suggested tension between operating within, and outside the system through the concept of “legitimate subversion”. Originality/value It is felt that the original recording of case studies of local level action combined with the process of iterative critical reflection on the part of the contributors offers a novel approach to knowledge creation from practice, and offers insights bridging theoretical and practitioner perspectives into means of addressing underlying risk factors affecting local populations.
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Hatcher, Richard. "The transfer of local authority school support services to external social enterprises". Journal of Educational Administration and History 47, nr 4 (10.03.2015): 388–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220620.2015.996864.
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Brown, Jess. "Action vital to protect children from public health services cuts". Children and Young People Now 2016, nr 2 (19.01.2016): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2016.2.10.
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Cuts to local authority public health services seem inevitable after the government announced it is to slash budgets from this year, with councils considering a range of options to reconfigure some services and reduce others
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Mills, Alex. "PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW AND EU EXTERNAL RELATIONS: THINK LOCAL ACT GLOBAL, OR THINK GLOBAL ACT LOCAL?" International and Comparative Law Quarterly 65, nr 3 (17.06.2016): 541–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589316000208.
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AbstractIn the European Union, private international law has almost exclusively been developed through the adoption of internal acts (particularly EU Regulations) in the pursuit of internal goals (principally, enhancing the efficient functioning of the internal market, and more recently and broadly the construction of an area of freedom, security and justice). This focus has and must come under challenge in light of two developments. The first is the apparent establishment of EU exclusive external competence in the field of private international law, creating the opportunity for external action by the EU. The second is the increased recognition that internal action by the EU has external effects, which should be viewed not merely as incidental but also as potentially instruments of external policy. In conjunction, these developments demand consideration of what role private international law could and should play as part of EU external relations. This article critically examines a range of possible techniques which might be adopted in relation to this new external dimension of EU private international law. These methods are not necessarily unique to private international law or the EU, and thus this article also provides a case study of the range of legal techniques which can be used by international actors to project policies externally.
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Cloney, Vicki, i Alison Bunce. "Inverclyde Cares: compassionate and resilience communities in the face of multiple disadvantage". International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (28.12.2023): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23261.
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Inverclyde is a small local authority in the West of Scotland. There are less than 80,000 people in Inverclyde, and it is home to the most deprived areas of Scotland and the third highest drug deaths in the country. Inverclyde has significant deprivation, generational unemployment, child poverty and problematic drug and alcohol use. In recent years, the undercurrent of these multiple disadvantages has been compounded by the uncertainty and challenges of both a global pandemic and the cost-of-living crisis. However, Inverclyde has the first recognised Compassionate Community in Scotland. Compassionate Inverclyde is a social movement underpinned by the values of compassion, helpfulness and neighbourliness. It is ordinary people helping ordinary people with extraordinary results. The juxtaposition between this radical kindness and the severe and multiple disadvantages has led to a new social movement called Inverclyde Cares. Building on the work of Compassionate Inverclyde, Inverclyde Cares recognises the importance of social connections and the role communities, voluntary organisations, the public sector and private businesses have in supporting one another. If supported and nurtured, these inter-dependencies can create communities that offer opportunities for those who are lonely, vulnerable or forgotten to feel valued and included. Inverclyde Cares is an all-system approach to address local social challenges with kindness and compassion.
The 4 workstreams within Inverclyde Cares include bereavement, Covid remembrance, kindness and stigma. Inverclyde Cares recognises that bereavement is a universal experience. The Programme Lead has supported organisations across Inverclyde to explore how to support staff after a loved one dies, from compassionate policies and procedures to kindness within the language they use with each other. Several organisations have developed bereavement charters and have been awarded the national bereavement charter mark. Similarly, Inverclyde Cares recognises the loss felt throughout our community during the Covid-19 pandemic. Working in partnership with Greenspace Scotland, an artist has been commissioned to consult with the community to capture experiences during the pandemic and gather ideas for a meaningful lasting memorial.
Kindness is at the heart of Inverclyde Cares. The Inverclyde Kindness Awards acknowledge the kind actions that happen in every corner of Inverclyde every day, both by individuals and organisations. Along with this, the Programme Lead is supporting organisations to develop a Kindness Charter. Like the bereavement charter, this gives organisations an opportunity to explore how they can demonstrate kindness and the changes they pledge to make, both within their own staff teams and with external partners and communities. Likewise, there is no place for stigma in a caring and compassionate community. So far, there have been 3 Challenge Stigma events, which have explored what lies at the core of all stigma and the importance of positive language. These events have provided an opportunity for third sector organisations, public and independent partners, and communities to sit together as equals to discuss how to address stigma in Inverclyde. We are a group of people, using our collective experience to explore how to work together to solve a problem in our community, because community problems require community solutions.
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Palmer, Adrian J. "Local authority tourism development strategies — The role of tourism development action programmes". Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 7, nr 4 (luty 1993): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690949308726162.
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Addi-Raccah, Audrey. "School principals’ role in the interplay between the superintendents and local education authorities". Journal of Educational Administration 53, nr 2 (13.04.2015): 287–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-10-2012-0107.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to probe the extent to which principals, as boundary spanners, manage with the influence of the local educational authority (LEA) and the superintendent over school matters. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on sequential quantitative→qualitative explanatory mixed research design. It is based on a sample of 161 Hebrew elementary school principals in two school districts in Israel who completed a questionnaire and on in-depth interviews with four school principals. Findings – The findings indicated that school principals initiate assistance from the superintendent and the LEA depending on the influence they have in schools. However, they utilize their relations with each external agency differently. With the LEA, they established mutual exchange relations whereas school principals engage with the superintendent in order to negotiate more effectively with the LEA. By doing so, principals can control external agencies’ involvement in schools along with strengthening the power of the central educational authority. Originality/value – The study makes a unique contribution to the literature on school principals’ role with external agencies by revealing their navigation and balancing among the various factors that influence schools. The study highlights the agential role of school principals.
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Mironova, S. M., A. I. Mordvintsev i I. A. Eremenko. "Improvement of the external municipal financial control system in the context of public authority reform". Law Enforcement Review 5, nr 1 (17.04.2021): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2021.5(1).96-107.
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The subject. The implementation of external municipal financial control cannot be called fully competent in Russia. Many practical problems are currently being addressed mainly through the transfer of powers to implement external financial control to a higher level. Amendment to Art. 131–133 of the Russian Federation's Constitution in terms of clarifying the powers of local self-government and incorporating it into public authority, predetermines subsequent amendments to the legislation on local self-government, which can be aimed, among other things, at improving the system of external municipal financial control. The aim of the article is to confirm or disprove the following hypothesis. The reform of public authority will lead to a change in the system of external municipal financial control. Therefore it is possible to propose ways to improve the activities of municipal auditing and accounting authorities on the basis of constitutional novels and the analysis of the existing problems of implementing external municipal financial control. The methodology. The authors apply general scientific methods of comparative, logical and statistical research. The study is based on the analysis of academic literature, statistical data about the practice of the auditing and accounting bodies of municipalities. Russian judicial practice is also analyzed. The main results, scope of application. The organization of a modern system of external municipal financial control shows that it actually works only at the level of urban districts and municipal regions, and that is not always effective. Municipal control and accounting bodies are not created in settlements and the authority to exercise external financial control is transferred either to the level of the municipal district or to the level of the region of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. The municipal auditing and accounting body should retain the authority to exercise control without transferring it to the level of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. However, at the same time, its role should be strengthened by increasing its status (for example, fixing at the federal level the criteria for the number of employees of the control and accounting body, financial support guarantees).
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Uster, Anna, Dana Vashdi i Itai Beeri. "Enhancing Local Service Effectiveness Through Purpose-Oriented Networks: The Role of Network Leadership and Structure". American Review of Public Administration 52, nr 4 (21.03.2022): 298–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02750740221084336.
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The public administration literature has demonstrated that the manner in which a network is led is related to its effectiveness. However, why this relationship occurs and whether it is dependent on external circumstances remain unclear. Relying on Provan and Milward's framework of interorganizational network effectiveness and the neo-institutional approach to local leadership, we propose that the manner in which the local authority leads the local network is related to the network's structure, which, in turn, influences its effectiveness. We also propose that this association is contingent on the characteristics of the local authority in which the network exists. Using a sample of 586 network participants from 68 Israeli networks, we demonstrate that the degree to which the local authority is centralized explains the link between the network's leadership and its effectiveness, but only in local authorities with a high socioeconomic status (SES). In addition, we find that in Israeli Arab municipalities such centralization is counterproductive, impeding the network's effectiveness. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
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Pilegaard, Jess, i Michael Kluth. "The Making of the EUs External Action Service: A Neorealist Interpretation". European Foreign Affairs Review 17, Issue 2 (1.05.2012): 303–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2012026.
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Using neorealism, this article provides a theoretically driven explanation of the establishment of the European External Action Service (EEAS), with France and the United Kingdom providing the main thrust to compensate for their waning global influence. The transfer of authority from London and Paris to the EU makes sense when based on the expectation that the outlook of the coming EEAS will be closer to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) and the Quai d'Orsay than to the foreign policy institutions of lesser EU powers. Potential risks for Paris and London are limited, given their dominance of existing EU foreign policy institutions and their privileged position in supplying the EEAS with high-caliber staff.
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Korczak, Jerzy. "Władztwo administracyjne gminy na przykładzie niektórych rozwiązań w zakresie zarządzania drogami publicznymi". Studia Iuridica, nr 85 (15.03.2021): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2020-85.11.
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The article deals with the problem of the boundaries of the administrative authority of the municipality. It will set out the various causes and factors that make municipalities take action to solve local problems, but to confront the rules of generally applicable laws that exclude the excessively local nature of the solutions used in the municipality. Consequently, the administrative authority gains, on the one hand, the consolidation of its judicial and doctrinal interpretation, and, on the other hand, the assertions of conceptual autonomy and independence, which are well established in the doctrine, are confirmed.
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Lilja, Jannie, i Kristine Höglund. "The Role of the External in Local Peacebuilding: Enabling Action—Managing Risk". Global Governance 24, nr 3 (12.09.2018): 411–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02403007.
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Abstract Local peacebuilding has been embraced in principle by many donors, but the practice of external support to local initiatives needs further systematic study. While previous research has exposed the weaknesses of externally supported peacebuilding, less attention has been given to alternative strategies that can be taken to scale. This article puts the focus on international nongovernmental organizations as key intermediary actors in peacebuilding, and how they deal with dilemmas attached to local peacebuilding support. It contributes to the research on external-local dimensions of peacebuilding practice by identifying constructive functions that can be fulfilled by INGOs in situations where local institutions and actors are not able to address conflict on their own. Specifically, it uncovers the role of INGOs as risk absorbers and enablers of local peacebuilding action through the accompaniment of local partners.
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Beattie, C. I., J. W. S. Longhurst i N. K. Woodfield. "Air Quality Action Plans: early indicators of urban local authority practice in England". Environmental Science & Policy 5, nr 6 (grudzień 2002): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1462-9011(02)00094-1.
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Belhaj, Abdessamad. "Beyond the Global Mufti: Religious Authority as Political Action". Religions 13, nr 2 (20.01.2022): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13020100.
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The International Union of Muslim Scholars, headquartered in Qatar, is an organisation of Muslim jurists founded in 2004 by Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī and led today by Aḥmad al-Raysūnī. Despite its importance in the current religious-political discourse in the Muslim world and beyond, this organisation received little attention from scholars, and no study to date has been dedicated to examine its claims and practices of authority. The central thesis of this paper is that the jurists of IUMS are religious and political authorities who: 1. embrace a wide range of “umma” issues, which allow IUMS to appear as the “authentic” and “autonomous” “guardian” of Islam; 2. play a role in international relations (ranging from Chad to China) as “supporters” of particular political actions; 3. negotiate a new type of religious authority embodied by the scholar-activist who emerged as a reaction to the deep religious and political transformations in the Sunni world. To conduct this case study, I approached IUMS from the perspective of sociology of religion (with a focus on the problem of authority) and relied on qualitative methods of analysis (contextualisation, descriptive discourse analysis, in particular), inspecting the local context of IUMS in Qatar as well the global context of umma politics, and using Arabic sources available on its website.
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Johnson, Mark R. D., Anthea Wright, Moira-Anne Jeffcoat i Raewyn Petherick. "Local Authority Occupational Therapy Services and Ethnic Minority Clients". British Journal of Occupational Therapy 59, nr 3 (marzec 1996): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269605900304.
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An audit was conducted of all current cases on the register of a metropolitan district occupational therapy office by the physical disability team. The ethnic origin, language and religion of clients was established from the records and by direct enquiry. An analysis performed of presenting problems, service response and response times demonstrated that there were significant variations between ethnic groups in the use made of the service. No evidence was found of a systematic bias against the interests of ethnic minority groups in general, but a number of questions were raised. In particular, Asian clients were more likely to be referred by certain channels, to require major works and to waft longer for action. The implications for service providers should be explored. There is also evidence of ethnic-specific needs. The existing literature relating to ethnicity and occupational therapy, most of which is based on the American experience, is of slight value to consideration of the needs of ethnic minority groups or service providers in the United Kingdom. Social factors, including poverty and housing conditions, affect both needs and outcomes. Future research using Improved ethnic monitoring data and the baseline Information of the 1991 census of population will enlarge the debate and permit service Improvements.
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Berezner, A. D., T. N. Pluzhnikova, V. A. Fedorov, D. Yu Fedotov i A. V. Yakovlev. "Behaviour of Metallic Glasses under Local Loading and after External Action". Mechanics of Solids 55, nr 1 (styczeń 2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0025654420010057.
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