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1
Perez, Elizabeth D. "The Export Administration Act of 1979 and computer exports to China". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FPerez.pdf.
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Ravi, Karthik Narayan. "A study of Indian print exports to the United States /". Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/6251.
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Lee, Jin W. "The cost of the voluntary export restraint of Japanese automobile exports to the United States". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45776.
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At the request of the United States Government, effective as of April 1, 1981, the Japanese began voluntarily restraining exports of automobiles to the United States to provide the U.S. automobiles industry with a period of time to make the necessary adjustment to become more competitive with imports.
It is the purpose of this paper to examine the impact of the VER, particularly the costs to consumers and the benefits to U.S. producers, quota rents captured by the Japanese producer during 1981-84 will also be examined.
Between 1981 and 1984 the Voluntary Export Restraint Agreement cost the U.S. economy $8.4 billion. In terms of increases in the cost of purchasing a car, the estimate ranges between $95 in 1981 to as high as $241 in 1984. E During the four years of the VER, the consumer costs : amounted to $8.9 billion. Meanwhile, the U.S. producers of automobile benefited only $403 million as a result of the VER. If this benefit is translated to the number of jobs saved, it amounts to 29,000 jobs. Therefore, the consumer cost of creating each new job was $334,000.
As for the impact of VER on the Japanese producers, the result shows that the price effects of the VER has increased over the four years as the restrictive effect of the VER has intensified. During 1981, the VER added $733 to the price of each Japanese automobile, but by 1984, it was adding about $2,000.
Master of Arts
4
Das, Kartik. "American Trade Influence: Across Foreign Markets, Exports to the United States, Not Total Exports, Drive Stock Returns". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1207.
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This paper explores the relationship between lagged stock returns and export growth in a panel of worldwide markets. Previous studies have focused on analyzing the effect of future economic output growth on stock returns. This study finds that annualized changes in a foreign country’s exports to the United States five to seven years in the future, defined as long-term, positively predict the annual stock market returns while the nation’s total export changes are already priced-in. An additional percentage point increase in long-term exports to the United States growth results in a 0.1 to 3.5 percentage point rise in annual stock returns. However, both growth in total exports and those to the United States do not predict equity returns over the short-term, defined as average annual growth from year 0 to year 4. Thus, establishing a foothold and cracking the highly competitive and homogeneous United States market is not guaranteed and unpredictable, requiring 5 years of investments before successful foreign firms are able convert it into earnings. Alternatively, investors may be shortsighted, uninformed, and pay limited attention about a foreign country’s exports to the United States beyond their forecast horizon, for example, five years. Moreover, the analysis finds that GDP growth at both the foreign country and United States level does not affect lagged foreign stock returns and could be priced-in, unlike long-term growth in the nation’s exports to United States.
5
Savard, Marielle. "Impact of Canadian stabilization programs on pork exports to the United States". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55675.
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Addey, Kwame Asiam. "The Role of Trade Facilitation Indicators and Genetically Engineered Restrictive Index on U.S. State Exports and Efficiency". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29005.
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Trade Facilitation Indicators have become important mechanisms of monitoring the ease of trade. Another issue of rising concern is the pervasive debate on genetically engineered organisms and the development of Genetically Engineered Restrictive Index to evaluate its implications on trade. With regards to these, the objective of the United States Trade Representative is to eliminate implicit trade barriers. Hence, this study examines the impact of TFIs on U.S. agricultural export and its efficiency. From the results, a 1% increase in destination?s Genetically Engineered Restrictive Index leads to a US$ 9,426.82 and US$ 74,268.04 decline in corn and soybean exports while wheat experiences a US$ 26,204.05 increase. The ?I-State? paradox was also revealed from the efficiency rankings. This research recommends that GE labelling policies should be synchronized to match the requirements of the destination countries. Furthermore, information on GE foods must be transparent and disseminated to change destinations? negative perception.
7
Haque, Mohua. "An Empirical Analysis of U.S. Foreign Direct Investment and Exports of Processed Food Industries". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29869.
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This study examined the determinants of U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI) and exports of processed food. This study also examined the impact of U.S. FDI on U.S. exports on processed food. FDI and export models used for estimation in this study were based on the cost-minimizing production function. The analysis focused on ten countries for the period of 1989-2004. Four of them were Asian countries: India, Japan, South Korea, and Thailand. Six of them were European countries: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy,
Spain, and the United Kingdom. The model was estimated using the two-way error component three-stage least squares (EC3SLS) method. Results from this study show that U.S. FDI and U.S. exports of processed food are complements. Major factors affecting U.S. FDI in the processing industry are GDP, GDP per capita, exchange rate, tariff rate, labor compensation cost, interest rate, and distance. Major factors affecting U.S. exports in the processed food industry are GDP, distance, and GDP from the agri-sector.
8
Chinembiri, Evans Wally Kudzai. "An analysis of South Africa exports to the United States under the African Growth Opportunity Act". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16485.
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Includes bibliographical referencesThe African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) is a unilateral trade policy concession governing United States - Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) trade and investment relations. AGOA provides United States market access for 40 SSA countries, including South Africa. This piece of legislation has the fundamental objective of facilitating the global integration of SSA countries into the world economy by extending preferential access to the United States market for exporters from eligible countries. Over the past decade, AGOA has emerged as a topical issue as scholars and policy makers sought to understand its impact on SSA, especially South Africa. This has been awarded more impetus given its pending expiration in 2015. This, naturally, raised questions about the performance of United States preference programs (such as AGOA) as part of a larger ongoing debate on the form that United States preference programs may take in the foreseeable future. With South Africa facing a serious opposition to inclusion in the next shape of AGOA given the number of trade agreements South Africa has signed with countries that are competitors to United States in certain product categories. This study will seek to highlight the importance of the AGOA dispensation to South Africa, and through that analysis make a case for the continued inclusion of South Africa in the future trade dispensations that may develop. This study focuses on two research objectives; firstly, the study seeks to assess the extent to which increased preferential access to the United States market has translated into a real and tangible increase in exports from South Africa to the United States. Secondly, the study seeks to identify the areas where South Africa and the United States have high trade potential, and help make a case for inclusion of these high potential trade products in the next iteration of the AGOA dispensation. In achieving the first research objective, the study carried out a detailed trade statistics analysis with the hope of gaining greater understanding of the extent to which AGOA has influenced trade patterns between the United States and South Africa. South Africa's trade figures show that the United States is an important trade partner. A key conclusion that can be drawn from the analysis is the observation that a fair amount of growth in South Africa's exports to the United States is fundamentally characterized by two key aspects namely; growth in specific commodities and an export base that is becoming gradually concentrated over time. This implies that trade between South Africa and the United States is shifting towards a new focus in line with AGOA incentives and by extension one may conclude that South African firms are utilizing the market opportunities and the networks that enable them to effectively exploit the United States market. In fulfilling the second research objective, the detailed trade potential analysis that is propped up by a robust analysis of trade trends was carried out. The trade potential analysis identified thirteen commodity groups as having high potential for further exports into the United States market, and Pearls, precious stones and metals were identified as having the highest indicative trade potential, although the picture changes as the data is further disaggregated. This suggests that there is enormous potential and a great scope for export of pearls, precious stones and metals to the United States.
9
Gauto, Raul. "The impact of tariffs and transport costs on Latin America's wood exports to the United States". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51891.
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Latin American exports of solid wood products to the United States have not been as significant as would be expected, considering the great resource base existent in that region. Several tariff and non-tariff barriers have inhibited Latin American exports to North America. Two of the most important barriers are tariffs and transportation costs.
This study uses the effective protective rate approach and empirically estimates the level of effective protection afforded American producers of five solid wood products from Latin American imports by tariffs and transportation costs, and compares the relative importance of the two barriers, It also observes the behaviour of the protective structure relative to the degree of manufacturing of the solid wood products under study.
The estimates indicate that effective rates of protection are considerable larger than corresponding nominal rates. In addition, effective protection provided by transportation costs are between 2.5 and 10 times more important than the effective protection provided by tariffs. Finally, the estimates show that effective tariff protection for solid wood products does not escalate with degree of manufacturing, in contraposicion to studies carried out by economists over a wider spectrum of industries. On the other hand, the effective protection provided by transportation cost declines with degree of manufacturing, favoring the exports of manufactured solid wood products as opposed to exports of raw material or semi—processed intermediate inputs.Master of Science
10
Moldenhauer, Jan. "The impact of peak oil on globalisation : an example of steel exports to the United States". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/13533/.
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Despite the potential importance of the link between peak oil and the geography of world trade, so far remarkably little research has been conducted for that matter. Particularly, there is a gap in the literature regarding the impact of peak oil on international trade patterns at the industry level. The dissertation contributes to filling that gap. The study uses the VEC model approach to analyse the influence of peak oil on the geography of international trade, thereby using the example of steel exports to the United States between 1998 and 2008. The hypothesis tested is that peak oil, which involves high oil prices and rising international transport costs, leads to an increasing regionalisation of international trade flows at the cost of long-distance trade. Steel exports to the U.S. are analysed by steel export category, country and region. Steel exports per steel product category are analysed for 18 countries, total steel exports are analysed for 64 countries, and steel exports per region are analysed for 8 regions. The findings suggest that following an oil price shock, steel export volumes decrease for countries/regions geographically distant to the U.S. and increase for countries/regions geographically close to the U.S. The evidence also reveals the significant explanatory power oil prices have for steel exports to the United States and that price patterns play a role in the realignment process of international trade flows in the global steel industry. The findings are in line with economic trade theory with regard to the importance of the distance of trade and indicate that due to peak oil, trade globalisation, at least in the steel industry, may be at risk.
11
Smith, Gordon R. "The effect of a generalized appreciation of East Asian currencies on exports from China". Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3215.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 131. Thesis director: Willem Thorbecke. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 28, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-130). Also issued in print.
12
Gjochi, Marigona. "Economic Relations Between China and the United States of America". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198691.
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The master thesis emphasizes the economic relations between China and the United States. It gives an overview and theoretical background support on the significance of contemporary the economic relations between countries in today`s globalized era. Secondly, it analyzes how the theoretical background of economic and trade relations affect the empirical case study of the economic relations between China and the USA. The goal is to show how the economic and trade relations between China and the United States influence each other`s economies and what is the effect of such relations on the economic performance of both countries. More precisely, in order to answer the question above, the master thesis deals with complex analysis in regard of historical perspective concerning the economic relations between these countries, their ongoing cooperation in terms of balance of payments, the current and potential issues what both countries face and the existing challenges for the future. In order to complete the analysis and answer the research question, list of various sources will be used, starting from academic journals, books, literature reviews, reports from the World Trade Organization (hereafter WTO), reports from the respective countries on their economic progress, data available from the ministries of trade of respective countries and other sources related to the analysis of the contemporary economic and trade relations between the countries participating in the global economy.
13
Caldwell, Amanda. "Assessment of Transportation Emissions for Ferrous Scrap Exports from the United States: Activity-Based Maritime Emissions Model and Theoretical Inland Transportation Model". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103296/.
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Industrial ecology is a field of study that encourages the use of closed-loop material cycles to achieve sustainability. Loop closing requires the movement of materials over space, and has long been practiced in the iron and steel industry. Iron and steel (ferrous) scrap generated in the U.S. is increasingly exported to countries in Asia, lengthening the transportation distance associated with closing the loop on the iron and steel life cycle. In order to understand the environmental cost of transporting this commodity, an activity-based maritime transportation model and a theoretical in-land transportation model are used to estimate emissions generated. Results indicate that 10.4 mmt of total emissions were generated, and emissions increased by 136 percent from 2004 to 2009. Increases in the amount of emissions generated are due to increases in the amount of scrap exported and distance it is transported.
14
Junod, Martha-Anne N. "Risks, Attitudes, and Discourses in Hydrocarbon Transportation Communities: Oil by Rail and the United States’ Shale Energy Revolution". The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595345780677671.
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Douglas, Aaron Jack 1940. "THE ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF U.S.A. SOFTWOOD LOG EXPORTS FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST REGION TO JAPAN; INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION IN THE POSTWAR ERA (INVESTMENT, REGRESSION, ECONOMETRIC, CAPITAL, ELASTICITY, UNITED STATES)". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275573.
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Figueira, Sérgio Rangel. "Os programas de álcool como combustível nos EUA, no Japão e na União Européia e as possibilidades de exportação do Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-27012006-145149/.
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo delinear cenários para o consumo de etanol utilizado como combustível em países identificados como fundamentais no desenvolvimento do mercado internacional de etanol, como é o caso dos Estados Unidos, Japão, União Européia e Brasil, considerando-se um horizonte até o ano de 2012, ano pelo qual os países ratificaram, pelo Protocolo de Quioto, o compromisso de reduzir a emissão de gases causadores do efeito estufa. Para cumprir tal objetivo, utilizou-se do modelo Box-Jenkins de séries temporais para se efetuar as projeções do consumo de gasolina nestes países, no caso da União Européia projetou-se o consumo da Alemanha, isoladamente, e do conjunto das quatro maiores economias européias: Alemanha, França, Itália e Reino Unido. Após a realização das projeções, utilizaram-se as metas de mistura de etanol, em processo de discussão nos países em questão, obtendo-se os cenários de consumo de etanol. No caso brasileiro, projetou-se o consumo de álcool anidro, misturado na gasolina, e o consumo de álcool hidratado. Para os Estados Unidos, construi-se três cenários alternativos: no primeiro estimou-se um consumo de aproximadamente 7,2 bilhões de litros de etanol no ano de 2012; no segundo, um consumo de 12,3 bilhões de litros; e, no terceiro, um consumo de 18,9 bilhões de litros no ano de 2012. Nestes três cenários, os produtores americanos de milho teriam plena capacidade de suprir a oferta, mantendo-se o sistema de subsídios para os produtores domésticos e tarifas incidentes sobre a importação de etanol. O Japão foi o país desenvolvido analisado com maior potencial para se tornar um grande importador de etanol brasileiro. Caso a mistura compulsória de 3% até 2007 e 10% a partir de 2008 venha a ser efetivada, isto implicaria em uma grande expansão no consumo de etanol para cerca de 6,5 bilhões de litros no ano de 2012. O montante de etanol consumido deve ser basicamente importado, devido à indisponibilidade do país em produzir etanol. Na União Européia, caso a Alemanha venha a adotar uma mistura de 2% de etanol na gasolina, isto implicaria em consumo de aproximadamente 360,5 milhões de litros no ano de 2012. Caso os quatro países europeus analisados adotem a mistura de 2 % de etanol na gasolina, o consumo seria da ordem de 1,36 bilhões de litros no ano de 2012. Projetou-se, ainda, o consumo de álcool anidro e hidratado no Brasil. Apesar da potencialidade do mercado japonês e da possibilidade de exportar para a Alemanha, o mercado brasileiro continua sendo o maior mercado potencial para o setor sucroalcooleiro brasileiro. Caso o preço do álcool hidratado se mantenha competitivo em relação ao da gasolina, este mercado possui um grande potencial de crescimento, principalmente com a possibilidade de expansão da frota de carros bicombustíveis. Mantendo-se a trajetória de crescimento de 2002 e 2003, o consumo do álcool hidratado poderá atingir 17,4 bilhões de litros em 2012.The present work aimed to delineate scenarios for ethanol consumption used as fuel in countries identified as fundamental for the growth of the international market of ethanol, such as the United States, Japan, European Union and Brazil, considering a horizon until the year of 2012, when the countries ratified, through the Kyoto Protocol, the commitment to reduce the emission of gases which cause the greenhouse effect. In order to do so, a Box-Jenkins model of time series was delineated and estimated to forecast the gasoline consumption in these countries. In the case of the European Union the consumption of Germany was first projected separately, and then the consumption of the group of the four biggest European economies: Germany, France, Italy and United Kingdom was also projected as a group. After figuring out the projected consumption levels, the goals of mixture of ethanol were used, along with the countries in question, establishing their own scenarios of ethanol consumption. In the Brazilian case, the consumption anhydrous alcohol, mixed with the gasoline, was projected separately from the hydrated alcohol consumption. For the United States, three alternative scenarios were projected: the first estimated a consumption of roughly 7.2 billion liters of ethanol in the year of 2012; the second, a consumption of 12.3 billion liters; and the third, a consumption of 18.9 billion liters for the year of 2012. In these three scenarios, the American maize producers would have full capacity to supply the demand, considering that the existing subsidies for domestic producers and tariffs upon ethanol imports remain. The results showed that Japan was the developed country with greater potential to become a Brazilian importer of ethanol. In case the compulsory mixture of 3% up to 2007 and 10% until 2008 becomes effective, the consumption of ethanol would expand by 6.5 billion liters in the year of 2012. The amount of ethanol consumed in Japan must basically be imported, since the country does not produce the fuel. In the European Union, considering that Germany adopts a mixture of 2% of ethanol in the gasoline, a consumption of approximately 360.5 million liters would result in 2012. In case the four European countries considered for the analysis adopt the mixture of 2 % of ethanol in the gasoline, the consumption would be about 1.36 billion liters by 2012. The anhydrous and hydrated alcohol consumption was also projected for Brazil. Despite the potential of the Japanese market and the possibility to export to Germany, the Brazilian market continued to be the biggest potential market for the Brazilian sugar-ethanol sector. In case the price of the hydrated alcohol remains competitive compared to gasoline, it has a great potential of growth, mainly with the possibility of expansion of the fleet of flex fuel cars. If the growth rate that prevailed for 2002 and 2003 is sustained, the consumption of the hydrated alcohol is likely to reach 17.4 billion liters by 2012.
17
Šeović, Mirela. "Porovnání systémů státní podpory financování vývozu v České republice a Spojených státech amerických se zaměřením na Českou exportní banku a Export-Import Bank of the United States". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-196548.
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This thesis presents a comparison of export support systems in the Czech Republic and the United States of America. The emphasis is put mainly on functioning of the system of state-supported export finance and subsequent presentation of two types of export credit institutions - Czech Export Bank, plc. and Export and Import Bank of the United States. Both institutions are described in the theoretical part. In the practical part the theoretical knowledge is applied in a fictional business case.
18
Zevallos-Santillán, Sergi-Estéfano. "TLC con EE. UU.: ¿beneficio o perjuicio para el sector agrícola? Análisis del impacto del TLC en las exportaciones de café peruano a EE. UU. (2003 – 2014)". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad de Lima, 2017. http://repositorio.ulima.edu.pe/handle/ulima/4623.
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Es objetivo de la presente investigación demostrar cuáles fueron las variables que tuvieron mayor influencia en la fluctuación de las exportaciones de café, nuestro producto de exportación agrario estrella, así como también resaltar el rol del TLC en las variaciones de esta, conocer si en verdad fue una variable relevante en el crecimiento de las exportaciones o simplemente ha resultado favorecida por el buen contexto de las demás variables explicativas, llevándose el crédito como un free raider (Quienes toman ventaja de una situación sin afrontar los costos que conllevan).Trabajo de investigación
19
Lanz, Jose I. "Import and export requirements and procedures Venezuela-United States". Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002lanzj.pdf.
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Derewiany, Andrew. "United States Export Policy of Fighter Jets to East Asia". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5625.
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What explains fighter jet export policy to East Asia? The decision to export fighter jets from the United States (U.S.) to foreign countries is an important part of domestic and foreign policy. James Rosenau's theory of linkage politics suggests that domestic and international variables may work together in complex ways to develop U.S. export policy of fighter jets. This thesis uses a comparative case study approach to examine the domestic and international factors that are influential in determining U.S. export policy of fighter jets to Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. The political actors involved in making U.S. fighter jet export policy include the Executive Branch (primarily the president and Defense Department), Congress, and interest groups representing defense companies and foreign countries. Decisions regarding U.S. export policy of fighter jets to East Asia are influenced by international factors including the need for defense cooperation and diplomacy to enhance the security of the United States and its allies against the perceived threats posed by China and North Korea. These decisions are also impacted by domestic concerns including the desire of politicians to create high paying jobs for U.S. workers, increase contracts and profits for U.S. companies, and improve their chance for reelection. Overall, domestic concerns seems as important or even more important than international concerns when it comes to making decisions about exporting fighter jets to East Asia.M.A.
Masters
Political Science
Sciences
Political Science; American and Comparative Politics
21
Shinn, Hal Jerome III. "The effects of the European communities 1992 program on United States export controls". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29208.
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Neves, Carole M. P. "The Export Import Bank of the United States: decay or renewal?" Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76462.
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The Export-Import Bank of the U.S. (Eximbank) is a Federal government agency engaged in the financing of U.S. exports. It is entrusted with maintaining the competitiveness of U.S. exports in various key sectors of the economy. It is a product of F. D. Roosevelt's administration and recently celebrated its fiftieth birthday.
Over the years, Eximbank's missions and activities have changed, both expanding and curtailing its responsibilities. The Bank's reputation in business and government circles has been and continues to be high; however, in recent years, the Bank has been subject to criticism by the Reagan administration which contends that the financial costs of the Bank outweigh its benefits. The Reagan Administration suggested reforms designed to limit the role of the Bank including elimination of the direct loan program.
This thesis traces the development of Eximbank. It reviews literature on Eximbank. It sets forth the history of the Bank and discusses internal and external political and economic structures and processes. It explains some of the functional strengths and weaknesses that affect the Bank's behavior. It discusses four themes that have ordered the Bank's outlook, defined the Bank's priorities and influenced the Bank's performance: the organizational life cycle, the process of institutionalization, the public corporate orientation and the corporate characteristics; and the organizational-environmental adaptations. Finally, it reflects upon the Bank's ability to reformulate its activities and change its behavior for the politics and economics of the 1980s.Ph. D.
23
Peng, Junlei, i 彭俊磊. "Law and policy: PRC export restrictions underthe WTO compared with US export controls". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4852167X.
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Following China’s accession to the WTO, a series of trade frictions and issues on non-automatic export licensing have been triggered between the PRC and the US. Moreover, the US has launched a global campaign against the PRC by means of US re-export controls towards the PRC and WTO cases concerning PRC export restrictions on various minerals as raw materials. In practice, it has become increasingly important to resolve such disputes and issues in a WTO forum. However, relevant studies still seem to be quite limited.
This thesis undertakes comparative analyses as its cardinal methodology. The political economy of trade policy is applied as the basic analytical approach for policy analysis, while linguistic analysis and case study are used in the legal analysis. In addition, historical review, document study, participant observation and individual interviews are employed in both legal and policy study.
As the central argument of this thesis, under WTO law the inadequacies of PRC export restrictions need improving in order to facilitate trade; while the excessive national discretion of US export controls needs constraining in order to liberalise trade – both in the direction of consistency with WTO law. This central argument indicates the final conclusions of the comparisons among PRC export restrictions, US export controls and the related WTO law. As concluded, PRC export restrictions are weaker than US export controls in transparency, rationality and neutrality in legal principle, the “both and separately” legislative mode, regulatory authorities, openness of regulatory procedures and regulatory criteria, complicated regulatory instruments, and the objectivity, impartiality and promptness of the administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation procedures. The PRC needs to improve these aspects of its weaknesses in trade facilitation in order to comply with the relevant WTO disciplines. Compared with the PRC, the US has much policy discretion in its coherence with WTO law because US export control policy seems to be less influenced by GATT/WTO; the domestic effect of the WTO law has been dramatically weakened by opposing domestic political voices in the US; and the regulatory reasons for US export controls seem only to be partly and conditionally justifiable under WTO security exceptions. In these aspects, the US is advised to constrain its excessive national discretion in order to be consistent with WTO law and to liberalise trade.
As the central argument continues to claim, the aforesaid improvements in PRC export restrictions and US export controls may identify and correct the inconsistencies of both with WTO law, and provide solutions for Sino-US trade frictions and issues on non-automatic export licensing and for other issues and frictions in a US global campaign against the PRC in the WTO forum. This may contribute to the stabilisation of Sino-US trade relations and the world trading system. The relevant research gaps can also be filled, and a significant theoretical contribution to this research field can be made.published_or_final_version
Law
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
24
Vogelsang, Andrew John. "The Department of Defense and high technology export controls : policies and processes". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30908.
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Lageson, John David. "Methods and means of export promotion : why the United States must follow Europe's example". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31591.
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In the age of globalization, export competitiveness is a priority for policymakers in countries
around the world. Key issues such as employment and economic growth are tied to a
country's exports, and persistent trade deficits can have negative long-term repercussions.
Despite its current status as the world's largest exporter of goods and services, the United
States has run a considerable trade deficit for the past three decades—a deficit that soared to
record heights in 2006. Meanwhile Germany, Europe's largest economy, remains the
world's largest exporter of goods, and maintains a large trade surplus. As a whole, the EU
has a small, but manageable, external trade deficit, and remains extremely competitive.
While U.S. and European exporters are subject to different economic conditions, both must
actively compete for sales in the global marketplace. The U.S., EU, and EU member states
all have export promotion programs to assist their firms in this competition. While the
United States makes a considerable effort to promote export activity, it falls short in
comparison to Europe. Although a trade deficit does not stem solely from lackluster export
promotion efforts, the United States must improve its export promotion programs as a means
to address the deficit, at least in part. To this end, much can be learned from Europe.Arts, Faculty of
Central Eastern Northern European Studies, Department of
Graduate
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McCord, David G. "An analysis of the impact of military export offsets on the United States industrial base". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA355534.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1998.Thesis advisor(s): Thomas H. Hoivik, Sandra M. Desbrow. "September 1998." Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-113). Also available online.
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Idrus, Roszehan Mohd. "Export marketing decision-making by wood household furniture manufacturers in Malaysia and the United States". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40198.
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This dissertation presents export decision-making information meant to complement the array of information available to wood furniture manufacturers, relevant government agencies, and marketers. It utilizes data obtained from a literature search as well as from a national survey of 947 wood household-furniture manufacturers in the U.S. and 310 manufacturers in Malaysia. Personal interviews were also carried out to support as well as to add depth to the quantitative data.
This report includes a detailed look at the global export market opportunities for wood household furniture. For U.S. manufacturers, potential markets are its NAFTA partners - Saudi Arabia, the European Union, and the Pacific Rim countries. However, U.S. companies need to focus more on exporting and not be totally dependent on the domestic markets.
As for Malaysian manufacturers, the U.S. will remain as the largest market for their products. However, this may change with the competition that Malaysia faces with other Asian nations such as China, Indonesia, and Thailand. Furthermore, Malaysia, a tropical wood producing country, may lose its market share if U.S. consumers start to demand environmentally friendly wood furniture products.Ph. D.
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Schoeman, Justin. "The role culture plays in China's illicit drug/chemical foreign policy". Quantico, VA : Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA490912.
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Filho, Pedro Josà RebouÃas. "External factors of the determinants of export of lobster CEARà to the united states of America". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2947.
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nÃo hÃThe rock lobster industry in Cearà has grown rapidly since 1955, when the United tates and Europe demand for lobster has steadily increased. During the industry evelopment process, lobster has become a major item in the export sector of CearÃ, as created several jobs and has increased state income and government revenue. evertheless, the lack of a sustainable lobster-fishing programme and recent trends in the international market for this product, the relative economic relevance of this ndustry may be at stake. This work contributes through the use of econometric echniques, cointegrating and error-correction model to explore the behavior of the xport of cearense lobster for the North merican market, the destination of pproximately 90% of exports of this crustacean. The model results indicated that the mount of lobster Cearà exported to the U.S. is more sensitive to changes in income than in the price.
O setor lagosteiro do Cearà teve seu desenvolvimento acelerado a partir de 1955, quando a lagosta passou a ser um item de crescente demanda em paÃses da Europa e nos EUA. Durante esse processo de desenvolvimento do setor, a lagosta tornouse um dos principais itens da pauta de exportaÃÃo do CearÃ, tambÃm se destacando na economia cearense em termos de geraÃÃo de emprego e renda. No entanto, por falta de um ordenamento eficiente da atividade, aliado à pesca predatÃria, observase, atualmente uma queda na produÃÃo. Este trabalho contribui por meio do emprego de tÃcnicas economÃtricas, cointegraÃÃo e modelo de correÃÃo de erros, para explorar o comportamento da exportaÃÃo de lagosta cearense para o mercado norte americano, destino de aproximadamente 90% das exportaÃÃes deste crustÃceo. Os resultados do modelo indicaram que a quantidade de lagosta exportada do Cearà para os EUA à mais sensÃvel a variaÃÃes na renda do que no preÃo.
30
Yaputra, Mounty A. "Industry report for P.T. Eztu Adimore Ltd. to export art-crafted glass to the United States". Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000yaputram.pdf.
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Mendoza, Choque Luis Enrique. "Main Labor Breaches of the Peruvian State in the Framework of the Free Trade Agreement with the United States". Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118733.
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The following article begins with the old and close relationship between labor rights and international trade, a relationship that has become more important given the creation of new instruments, mechanisms and sanctions. The labor chapter of the Peru-US Trade Promotion Agreement and its application can be analyzed from different perspectives. The following article sets its focus on three distinct facets: the principle of progressivity of social rights; the legal nature of free trade agreements; and two of the current promotional labor regimes in Peruvian legislation. The article references two complaints of non-compliance with the labor chapter presented by Peruvian unions during the period since the Free Trade Agreement entered into force. Finally, the report presents conclusions that aim to contribute to the debate on this subject.El siguiente artículo parte de antigua y cercana vinculación entre Derecho del Trabajo y el comercio internacional, relación que en los últimos años ha recobrado importancia debido a la aparición de nuevos instrumentos, mecanismos y sanciones. El contenido laboral del TLC con los Estados Unidos y su aplicación se pueden analizar desde distintos ángulos, en el siguiente trabajo nos limitaremos a estudiarlo a la luz de tres elementos: el Principio de Progresividad de los derechos sociales, la naturaleza jurídica del TLC y dos de los regímenes laborales promocionales vigentes en la legislación peruana. Los incumplimientos a los que haremos referencia son los referidos a las dos quejas presentadas por organizaciones sindicales peruanas en el marco de los mecanismos de cumplimiento del TLC. Finalmente, se presentan algunas conclusiones que pretenden contribuir al debate sobre la materia.
32
Tan, Ya Hsuan Sunny. "A content analysis of print advertisements from the United States and Taiwan". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2704.
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This study is conducted through content analysis to determine the degree of advertising standardization between the United States and Taiwan. Based on the literature review the impact of standardization versus localization advertising strategies is discussed.
33
Parhizkar, Omid. "Identifying Impact Factors on Successful Exporting of the United States Hardwood Industries to Mexico, Asia, and Europe". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26560.
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Transportation and competitiveness practices of hardwood lumber exporters and other firms were studied and compared to determine the most important factors associated with exporting hardwood products. It was found that exporters differed significantly in their transportation methods, marketing activities, and production profiles from those other hardwood lumber firms. They also were significantly larger than expected in their total production and employment. As the forest products business continues to become more global, an analysis of the importance of these factors can be used how firms can begin exporting, or increase sales in international markets.
It was found that certain elements of a sawmillâ s marketing strategy are a major determinant to the likelihood of its being an exporter. Results from logistic regression methods showed that transportation factors such as using intermodal transportation and inland port facilities and competitiveness factors such as species selection, marketing practices, and using government export assistance programs increased the probability of a firmâ s high involvement in international markets.
Finally, data from exporting hardwood sawmills to Mexico, Europe, and Asia were analyzed to determine what makes successful exporting to these markets. Factors including export distribution methods, relationship with export distribution partner, competitiveness, transportation, and export assistance were analyzed. Such information might be useful for government agencies that wish to promote business commitment to sawmills throughout the United States for the following international markets. Hardwood sawmills should be encouraged by state officials to plan more aggressively to enter the Mexico market. Efforts are needed from U.S. trade associations to better identify the Mexican market segments, sources of market demand, and credit opportunities for US sawmills.Ph. D.
34
Larivee, David Rene. "The interaction between foreign direct investment and voluntary export restraints : with an application to the United States automobile industry". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333358.
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Garcia, Olga. "Critical success factors in the internationalization to the United States : the case of portuguese companies". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10417.
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Mestrado em MarketingO presente estudo apresenta um modelo para a internacionalização de sucesso para os Estados Unidos e outro para os cinco factores críticos de sucesso para este mercado, o chamado "Modelo Circular". A pesquisa quantitativa na forma de um estudo multi-sectorial de 230 empresas portuguesas que operam no mercado dos EUA foi realizada a fim de examinar as relações entre os determinantes propostos e o desempenho das empresas portuguesas no mercado dos EUA.
The present study introduces a model for successful internationalization to the United States and another for the five critical success factors for this market, the so called "Round Model". A quantitative research in the form of a multi-sector survey study of 230 Portuguese firms operating in the U.S. market was conducted in order to examine the relationships between the proposed determinants and performance of Portuguese firms in the U.S. market.
36
Palomino, Stefanie Quiñones, i Gutiérrez Kahrina Paola Veliz. "Factores críticos que influyeron en la exportación de cebolla blanca fresca hacia Estados Unidos vía marítima desde 2014 al 2017". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/628117.
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Actualmente, en el Perú existe un auge en el negocio de la exportación de productos nacionales hacia el extranjero, donde la cebolla blanca fresca no es la excepción. Al pasar los años, se expandió este mercado, con mayor participación en los Estados Unidos. Para entender este fenómeno, es necesario llevar a cabo un estudio de los factores que determinan un mejor desempeño en el mercado de la cebolla blanca fresca en lo que a la exportación se refiere. Luego de haber revisado los estudios teóricos sobre el tema, entre los que destacan: Demanda de la cebolla blanca fresca en Estados Unidos (Apcho, Caballero y Miranda, 2017), Acuerdo de Promoción Comercial Perú – EEUU (SICEX), y por último la geografía del Perú (Servindi,2011) para la producción de la cebolla blanca fresca se determinaron que existen barreras tanto internas como externas, pero para el caso particular de las cebollas blancas frescas se pueden subdividir en el entorno del mercado, las características del producto y los aspectos legales de exportación. Para determinar cuáles de estos factores limitantes influyen hoy día con mayor fuerza, es necesaria la investigación y opinión de los actores y expertos en el tema, por lo que se procedió con la entrevista a profundidad de distintos expertos y puntos de vistas. Luego de tener la opinión y los datos, se analizaron estudios estadísticos y tendencia de la historia para poder compararlo de forma más eficiente con la visión de cada experto para poder surgir con las conclusiones y recomendaciones del tema. Como conclusiones podemos mencionar que los factores determinantes en el desarrollo del marco teórico y siguiente investigación fueron influyentes para la exportación de cebolla blanca fresca hacia Estados Unidos vía marítima desde 2014-2017.Currently, in Peru there is a boom in the business of exporting domestic products abroad, where fresh white onion is no exception. Over the years, this market expanded, with greater participation in the United States. To understand this phenomenon, it is necessary to carry out a study of the factors that determine a better performance in the fresh white onion market as far as export is concerned. After having reviewed the theoretical studies on the subject, among which stand out: Demand for fresh white onion in the United States (Apcho, Caballero and Miranda, 2017), Peru-US Commercial Promotion Agreement (SICEX), and finally the geography of Peru (Servindi, 2011) for the production of fresh white onion were determined that there are both internal and external barriers, but for the particular case of fresh white onions can be subdivided in the market environment, the characteristics of the product and the legal aspects of export. In order to determine which of these limiting factors currently influence with greater force, the research and opinion of the actors and experts in the subject is necessary, which is why we proceeded with the in-depth interview of different experts and points of view. After having the opinion and the data, statistical studies and a tendency of the history were analyzed to be able to compare it in a more efficient way with the vision of each expert to be able to come up with the conclusions and recommendations of the topic. As conclusions we can mention that the determining factors in the development of the theoretical framework and following research were influential for the export of fresh white onion to the United States by sea from 2014-2017.
Tesis
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Eke, Bede Ugwuanya. "Preferential Trade Agreement as Path to Economic Development: The Case of Nigeria's Response to African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA)". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1185563473.
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Heron, Tony. "Export processing zones and the regionalisation of the North American apparel production chain : a case study in the new political economy of the United States-Caribbean relations". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251472.
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Condron, Aaron. "An impact evaluation of u.s. arms export controls on the u.s. defense industrial base an interrupted time-series analysis". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/363.
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The United States Defense Industrial Base (USDIB) is an essential industry to both the economic prosperity of the US and its strategic control over many advanced military systems and technologies. The USDIB, which encompasses the industries of aerospace and defense, is a volatile industry - prone to many internal and external factors that cause demand to ebb and flow widely year over year. Among the factors that influence the volume of systems the USDIB delivers to its international customers are the arms export controls of the US. These controls impose a divergence from the historical US foreign policy of furthering an open exchange of ideas and liberalized trade. These controls, imposed by the Departments of Commerce, Defense, and State rigidly control all international presence of the Industry. The overlapping controls create an inability to conform to rapidly changing realpolitiks, leaving these controls in an archaic state. This, in turn, imposes a great deal of anxiety and expense upon managers within and outside of the USDIB. Using autoregressive integrated moving average time-series analyses, this paper confirms that the implementation of or amendment to broad arms export controls correlates to significant and near immediate declines in USDIB export volumes. In the context of the US's share of world arms exports, these controls impose up to a 20% decline in export volume.B.S.B.A.
Bachelors
Business Administration
Finance
40
Kimura, Keiki 1955. "An analysis of the Japanese voluntary export restraint upon automobiles to the U. S. and Canada : an investigation of its impacts upon international, bilateral and domestic legal frameworks for safeguard measures". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65419.
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Rojas, Salas Diana Carolina, i Peláez Grace Ysa. "Factores que explican las exportaciones de la quinua de Perú hacia Estados Unidos durante los años 2007 al 2017". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626317.
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La presente tesis de investigación busca hallar los factores que explican las exportaciones de la quinua de Perú hacia Estados Unidos durante los años 2007 al 2017; ésta se ha desarrollado en 5 capítulos: El primer capítulo incluye información sobre el producto elegido, un acercamiento al mercado mundial de la quinua, así como el destino específico de Estados Unidos; investigaciones anteriores, bases teóricas y definición de las variables del modelo econométrico a seguir. El segundo capítulo plantea la situación problemática, problemas específicos, hipótesis y objetivos, los cuales serán satisfechos a través de una investigación cuantitativa. El tercer capítulo desarrolla el tipo, alcance y diseño de la investigación, la operacionalización de las variables y los instrumentos metodológicos para el recojo de la investigación. El cuarto capítulo comprende el desarrollo y la aplicación del modelo de regresión lineal planteada en la tesis de Mamani (2015). El quinto capítulo muestra el análisis de los resultados obtenidos, conclusiones y recomendaciones. Según el análisis estadístico realizado, se puede concluir que las exportaciones de la quinua de Perú hacia Estados Unidos durante los años 2007 al 2017, son significativamente afectadas por los factores externos de Producto Bruto Interno de Estados Unidos, el precio internacional y la tarifa arancelaria.This research thesis seeks to find the factors that explain the exports of quinoa from Peru to the United States during the years from 2007 to 2017; This has been developed in 5 chapters: The first chapter includes information about the chosen product, an approach to the world market of quinoa, as well as the specific destination of the United States; previous investigations, theoretical bases and definition of the variables of the followed econometric model. The second chapter presents the problematic situation, specific problems, hypotheses and objectives, which will be satisfied through a quantitative research. The third chapter develops the type, scope and design of the research, the operationalization of the variables and the methodological instruments for the collection of information. The fourth chapter includes the development and application of the linear regression model proposed in the thesis of Mamani (2015). The fifth chapter shows the analysis of the results obtained, conclusions and recommendations. According to the statistical analysis carried out, it can be concluded that the exports of quinoa from Peru to the United States during the years from 2007 to 2017 are significantly affected by the external factors of the United States Gross Domestic Product, the international price and the tariff rate.
Tesis
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Toribio, Olivares Tania Marisol, i Varillas Natalia Milagros Vásquez. "Análisis de los factores que influyen en las exportaciones de café orgánico hacia el mercado de los Estados Unidos entre los años 2011-2017". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626069.
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La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los factores que influyen en la variación de las exportaciones de café orgánico al mercado de los Estados Unidos en los años 2011-2017, determinando el precio del café orgánico, la desarticulación de los organismos competentes que impulsan el sector cafetalero y las principales carencias de los productores cafetaleros, todo esto bajo el marco de Acuerdo de Promoción Comercial (APC) con los Estados Unidos.
Para empezará, se procederá a explicar los conceptos teóricos identificados para la realización de esta investigación, así también determinará las bases de las exportaciones de café orgánico al mercado estadunidense. A su vez, se detalla el tipo y diseño de investigación realizada en el presente documento.
Asimismo, se establecieron 3 objetivos específicos relacionadas con identificar los factores influyentes en las fluctuaciones de las exportaciones, las cuales fueron procesadas por un software estadístico, en base a la información histórica recabada de fuentes de exportación con la finalidad de validar si las hipótesis establecidas pueden ser consideradas como los factores de las fluctuaciones de las exportaciones.
De acuerdo a lo mencionado líneas arriba, se recolectó información significativa a través de diversas fuentes de acceso como: Información estadística de SUNAT, TRADEMAP, COMTRADE, WTO- Integrated Trade Intelligence Portal y de las entrevistas a los especialistas púbicos y privados conocedores de las exportaciones de café y sus implicancias.The objective of this research is to analyze the factors that influence the variation of organic coffee exports to the U.S. market in 2011-2017, determining the price of organic coffee, the dismantling of the competent agencies that drive the coffee sector and the main deficiencies of coffee producers, all under the framework of Trade Promotion Agreement (TPA) with the United States. To begin, it will proceed to explain the theoretical concepts identified for the conduct of this research, as well as determine the basis for exports of organic coffee to the U.S. market. In turn, it details the type and design of research conducted in this document. In addition, 3 specific objectives were established to identify the factors influencing export fluctuations, which were processed by statistical software, based on historical information collected from export sources in order to validate whether established hypotheses can be considered as factors of export fluctuations. As mentioned above, significant information was collected through various sources of access such as: Statistical information from SUNAT, TRADEMAP, COMTRADE, WTO- Integrated Trade Intelligence Portal and from interviews with public and private specialists with knowledge of coffee exports and their implications.
Tesis
43
Ccopa, Ruiz Jackeline Yolanda, i Nieto Jamie Antuané Flórez. "Factores que limitan el desempeño exportador en el sector minero del Perú, en el ámbito de la Guerra Comercial entre Estados Unidos y China durante el año 2019". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653416.
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La presente investigación busca conocer los factores que limitan el desempeño exportador en el sector minero del Perú, en el ámbito de la Guerra Comercial entre Estados Unido y China durante el año 2019.
En el capítulo I, se centraliza los antecedentes históricos de nuestra investigación, tanto nacionales como internacionales; así como en el marco teórico de estudio el cual se detalla los factores, efectos y comportamiento de las exportaciones en el sector minero del Perú hacia el mercado de Estados Unidos y China.
En el capítulo II, se da a conocer el plan de investigación. Se presenta la pregunta de investigación, el problema, la justificación y los objetivos, tanto principales como específicos; así como la formulación de la hipótesis inicial.
En el capítulo III, se explicará la metodología de investigación. Se detallará el enfoque, el diseño, el proceso del muestreo de la investigación (población, muestra y segmento), la clasificación de las categorías y la delimitación de la investigación. En este capítulo también se desarrolló las entrevistas a profundidad que luego fueron base fundamental para el recojo de información.
En el capítulo IV, se describe el análisis de la aplicación de investigación y desarrollo de estudio.
Finalmente, en capítulo V se describe y analiza transversalmente la discusión de resultados de la investigación obtenida por los exportadores de minerales, así como los especialistas relacionados al comercio internacional. Asimismo, en el presente capítulo se muestra los hallazgos, obstáculos, barreras y brechas de la investigación, conclusiones y recomendaciones del estudio.This research looks to know the factors that restrict the export performance in the mining sector of Peru, in the trade war between the United States and China during the year 2019. The chapter I focus in the historic background of our research, both national and international background; as well as the theoretical framework, which is detailed the factors, effects and behaviour in the mining sector of Peru towards the markets of the United States and China. Chapter II describes the research plan. It provides the research question, the problem, and the objectives, both mainly as specific; as well as as the formulation of the initial hyphotesis. Chapter III will explain the research methodology. It will describe the approach, design, sampling process (population, sample, and segment), the categories ranking and the demarcation research. This chapter also includes in-depth interviews, which then will be an essential basis to the collect of information. Chapter IV describes the analysis of the research investigation and development study. Finally, Chapter V describes and analyses transversaly the discussion of research results obtained by the mining exporters, as well as the specialists related to the international trade. In addition, this chapter shows the discoveries, obstacles, barriers and research gaps, conclusions and study recommendations.
Tesis
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Smola, Filip. "Vybrané aspekty hospodářských vztahů Evropské unie a Čínské lidové republiky na prahu 21. století a jejich reálný dopad na světovou ekonomiku". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205068.
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The main aim of this dissertation is to analyze selected economic activities and economic relations occurring between the European Union and China. This dissertation is divided into four main chapters to ensure coherence and continuity throughout the research. The first chapter deals with the historical development of mutual cooperation between Europe and China. This chapter emphasizes recent events. The most extensive part of this work, the second section, addresses key areas of cooperation between the EU and China. Most of the research focus is devoted to trade economic relations and investment relations. Further, the second chapter addresses controversial areas within the mutual EU-China relations. In contrast with the second chapter, which looks at the mutual relations from the perspective of the whole EU, the third chapter distinguishes bilateral relations between two EU countries and China. The purpose of the third chapter is therefore to highlight the different approach of individual EU member countries. In the last chapter, I try to assess the growing influence of both the EU and China within the global economy. Finally, I outline the possible future development of the research topic.
45
Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
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This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
46
"A study of Indian print exports to the United States". ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, 2008. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1452867.
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Chea, Roberto Roderico Hernández, i 羅柏特. "Competitiveness Analysis for Guatemalan Fresh Tomato Exports to the United States". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23874877776587865932.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
熱帶農業暨國際合作系所
99
Guatemala is located in Central America and agriculture is one of its important economic activities. A considerable rise in Guatemala’s fresh tomato exports has been observed in recent years especially to the United States. The export to the United States was US$7.8 million in 2010. The export growth is due to the marketing strategy exporters have done in the United States. Also, quality has been recognized by importers. Quality has been achieved mainly by growing in greenhouses to fulfill the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) regulations and the procedures of the “Dominican Republic and Central America Free Trade Agreement” (DR-CAFTA). The reason to focus on the U.S. market is because the selling price is higher than the selling price in other countries. However, compared with the leading suppliers of fresh tomato to the U.S. market such as Mexico and Canada, the share from Guatemala is still quite limited. Therefore, this research aims to examine Guatemala’s relative competitiveness vis-à-vis the major exporters of fresh tomato to the United States which includes Mexico, Canada, Dominican Republic, and Netherlands. The Balassa and Vollrath indices were used to measure revealed comparative and competitive advantages by using export data from the International Trade Centre. As a result, indices showed Guatemala’s fresh tomato exports had revealed comparative advantage in 2010. Furthermore, Guatemala had revealed comparative advantage over Canada, Dominican Republic and Netherlands in the same year. Additionally, Vollrath indices; relative trade advantage (RTA), natural logarithm of relative export advantage (ln RXA), and revealed competitiveness (RC) in 2010 indicated competitive advantages in the United States. Moreover, all indices values have been increasing every year; hence, in the future if trend continues, it is expected that all indices values will rise indicating an increase in competitiveness. To summarize, despite the quite limited share of fresh tomato from Guatemala to the United States compared with Mexico and Canada, the study revealed that Guatemala can specialize in fresh tomato exports to the United States allocating more of its resources in this industry.
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Ahmed, Hassan Farah. "Economic impact in the United States from banning hazardous electronic waste exports". 2008. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-2752.pdf.
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Chen, Hsiao-Pei, i 陳筱佩. "The Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on Exports－Evidence from Taiwan’s Exports to United States, Japan and China". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68179940446609248987.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
國際企業學研究所
99
This paper analyses the influence of exchange rate volatility on the real exports of Taiwan to United States, Japan and China. GARCH models are used to generate a measure of exchange rate volatility. We adopt the ADF unit root test to examine whether the variables are used in export equations are stationary or not. By Johansen cointegration test, we find that the cointegration exist for United States, Japan and China’s export equation. The Vector Error Correction Model and Granger causality test are applied to find out the long-term and short-term relationship between the variables are used in export equations. We obtain the result that a stationary long run equilibrium relationship exists between Taiwan’s real exports to the United States, Japan, and China, and its determinants respectively. The nominal exchange rate volatility has negative effects on Taiwan’s real exports to the United States, Japan and China. The result from Vector Error Correction Model indicates that the effect of nominal exchange rate volatility on real export is uncertain in the short run.
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Ryan, Daniel Joseph. "Pricing, pass-through and productivity of Japanese manufacturing exports to the United States". 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/26382172.html.
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