Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Exports – united states

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Exports – united states”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 28 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Exports – united states"

Lemmers, Oscar, i Khee Fung Wong. "Distinguishing Between Imports for Domestic Use and for Re-Exports: A Novel Method Illustrated for the Netherlands". National Institute Economic Review 249 (sierpień 2019): R59—R67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011924900115.

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Global trade in the 21st century is characterised by complex value chains. Successful exporters usually rely on quality imports, and exported goods cross borders many times before reaching their final consumer. This poses challenges to economic measurement as well as policymaking because it becomes difficult to characterise the true interdependencies between countries. Currently, estimates of the share of imports from a trade partner destined for re-exports, and the share used in the domestic economy, are crude at best. We develop a novel approach to estimate these shares. Instead of assigning imports for re-exports proportionally across all source countries, we consider the origin of imports for each trader who re-exports goods. The method is illustrated for the Netherlands, a major re-exporter. We find that non-European member states export 10 billion euros of commodities to the Netherlands that are destined for re-export to the United Kingdom. We also find that the goods trade deficit between the Netherlands and the United States is drastically reduced when taking re-export flows into account.

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Darman, Darman. "Perdagangan Luar Negeri Indonesia-Amerika Serikat". Binus Business Review 4, nr 2 (29.11.2013): 742–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v4i2.1390.

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This study aims to identify and analyze: how international trade relations are between Indonesia and the United States, especially in the export-import of goods, particularly non-oil exports; how the value is obtained from the export-import of goods between Indonesia-United States, whether Indonesian exports to the United States greater than Indonesian import from the United States; who gets the surplus of trade between the two countries; and how big the export-import growth rate is, whether Indonesia tends to become exporter or importer. Data used in this study were a time series of the year 2008-2012. The analytical method used was the growth formula and Trade Specialization Index. Based on the trade balance, the value of Indonesian exports, both oil and non-oil, the United States has a surplus and vice versa. In other words, the United States includes a country of Indonesia's main export, in addition to Japan and China. Value of Trade Specialization Index for both oil and non-oil exports is positive above 0 to 1, then the oil and non-oil commodities have strong competitiveness. Indonesia is likely as a means exporter of the commodity. However, based on 10 major Indonesian export commodities to the United States, as the largest foreign exchange earner for textile examples and textile products, footwear industries, electronic products, furniture, as well as horticultural commodities, is threatened lethargic, because shutdown policy decisions on the government services were feared to reduce consumption of the American people’s imported products.

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Rochdiani, Dini, i Eliana Wulandari. "Competitiveness Analysis and Factors Affecting Indonesian Cinnamon Exports". Economies 11, nr 2 (6.02.2023): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies11020055.

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Cinnamon is one of the plantation spice commodities that contributes to the Indonesian economy. Indonesia is the largest exporter country in the world regarding the total export volume of cinnamon, but regarding the total value of exports, Indonesia comes in second after Sri Lanka. This study aims to analyze the comparative competitiveness of Indonesian cinnamon among major competitors in the United States’ market and to analyze the factors that influence the competitiveness of Indonesian cinnamon exports in the United States. The data used in this study comprise secondary data from 2007 to 2021 obtained from various data sources. The revealed comparative advantage method was used in a comparative competitiveness analysis. Moreover, the factors that affect the competitiveness of Indonesian cinnamon exports in the United States were analyzed using the ordinary least squares method. The results of the analysis show that Indonesian cinnamon is competitive in the United States’ market, but Sri Lanka’s cinnamon exports have stronger competitiveness than Indonesia’s in the United States’ market. The results of the ordinary least squares method show that the exchange rate of the IDR (rupiah) against the USD, the volume of Indonesian cinnamon exports, the GDP per capita of the USA and the value of cinnamon exports to the USA have a significant effect on the competitiveness of Indonesian cinnamon exports to the United States.

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Oh, Dae-Hyuck. "An Empirical Study on the Effects of the US-China Trade Disputes on Korean Business Performance". Institute of Management and Economy Research 13, nr 2 (30.06.2022): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32599/apjb.13.2.202206.183.

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Purpose - The study attempted to analyze how the U.S.-China trade dispute affects a highly trade-dependent South Korea. Currently, major domestic and international institutions have issued a number of conflicting predictions that the trade dispute between China and the United States will have a positive and negative impact on South Korea. Accordingly, the present study attempted to analyze using actual data. Design/methodology/approach - The analysis was conducted using actual import and export data from the United States and China and actual import and export data from the United States and China from South Korea. The analysis measured the number and amount of imports and exports by year and month, and the rate of increase and decrease. We also looked at trade dispute days, import and export outcomes and what the impact was. In addition, as a result of the US-China trade dispute, the amount of change in Korea's imports and exports was analyzed. Findings - Empirical analysis shows that South Korea's exports to the United States and China have increased. The analysis results are as follows. First, exports to the United States increased by 5.65% in 2018 and 6.45% in 2019 compared to 2017. Second, exports to China surged 12.34% in 2018 compared to 2017. This increase in South Korea's exports to the United States and its mass exports to the United States shows that South Korea has benefited from the trade dispute between the United States and China. Research implications or Originality - South Korea, which is highly trade-dependent, has been heavily affected by the U.S.-China trade dispute. Various predictions are made about this. The analysis showed that South Korea's export volume has increased. In the end, the effect of the trade transition to the 3rd country did not occur. Rather, the U.S.-China trade dispute appears to have helped South Korea.

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Irma Lang, Irma Lang. "Retrospective analysis of exports and imports between Georgia and the United States". New Economist 17, nr 02 (6.01.2023): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/nec17022022-53.

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The article analyzes exports and imports between Georgia and the United States during the period from 2015 to 2020. This period is used to calculate the specific weight of the United States trade with Georgia, both in exports and imports. In addition, the article analyzes the advantages of GSP (Generalized System of Preferences) trading regime in Georgian exports, the export-import balance and the relevant conclusions are made based on the obtained results; The commodity structure of Georgia's exports and imports to the United States is also studied. The article shows that a recent Free Trade Agreement is needed to move Georgia and the United States into a new phase in trade relations. Keywords: Georgia; USA; GSP; Export; Import; Balance; Commodity structure; FTA.

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Sanny, Lim, Darma Kusuma i Martinus Evan Willyanto. "Competitiveness of Indonesian Shrimp Export to the United States". Binus Business Review 12, nr 2 (7.07.2021): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v12i2.6144.

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Agricultural sector in Indonesia contributes greatly to employment, foreign exchange earners, and economic growth. In the export sector, shrimp commodities have the largest portion and become Indonesia's leading commodities. However, Indonesia still cannot become a leader in the world's largest shrimp exporter and only occupies the fourth position of the world's shrimp exporter. There were two goals in the research. First, it was to determine the position of the competitiveness of Indonesian shrimp commodity exports compared to other exporting countries in the United States market. Second, it determined the factors that affected the competitiveness of shrimp exports commodity and made business strategy recommendations for Indonesian shrimp commodities. The research used panel data with a cross-section of seven countries and time series from 2001 to 2017. The result shows that Indonesia has a competitive advantage in the United States market. However, Indonesia must be wary of Ecuador with a higher Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Value and India, the lead exporter in the United States Market. The factors that affect the competitiveness of shrimp exports are Gross Domestic Product (GDP), population, economic distance, and exchange rate of shrimp exporting countries against the US Dollar. Last, the right business strategy for Indonesia is to perform market penetration, market development, and product development strategies.

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Asrini, Yulmi Nur, Siti Hodijah i Nurhayani Nurhayani. "Analisis ekspor kayu manis Indonesia ke Amerika Serikat". e-Journal Perdagangan Industri dan Moneter 9, nr 2 (18.10.2021): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pim.v9i2.6647.

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This study analyzes Indonesian cinnamon export volume to the United States, export cinnamon prices, exchange rates, and domestic cinnamon production. In addition, to investigate the effect of export cinnamon prices, exchange rates, and domestic cinnamon production on Indonesian cinnamon exports to the United States in 2000-2017. The data used was obtained from the official website of the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency, United Nations Commodity Trade (COMTRADE), and the Plantation Service. The data analysis method used in this research is descriptive and quantitative analysis method with multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the multiple linear regression analysis results, it can be concluded that simultaneously export cinnamon prices, exchange rates, and domestic cinnamon production have a significant effect on Indonesian cinnamon exports to the United States. The exchange rate and domestic cinnamon production have a considerable impact, but the price of export cinnamon had no significant effect on Indonesia's cinnamon exports to the United States. Keywords: Export cinnamon, Price, Exchange rate, Production.

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Arana-Nicanor, Romina Andrea, Victor Hugo Llacuachaqui-Tovar i Wagner Enoc Vicente-Ramos. "INTERNAL FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE SUCCESS OF PERUVIAN EXPORTS OF GINGER TO THE UNITED STATES IN THE PERIOD 2006 – 2020". Acta logistica 8, nr 4 (31.12.2021): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22306/al.v8i4.247.

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This study analyzed the internal determining factors in ginger exports to the United States, being a controversial issue at the international level, due to the demand for exports of multiple products; to describe the internal factors that influence the success of ginger exports and making known the relationship with each of these, concerning the exported quantity, whether the result is favorable or not. The focus of this study is quantitative; it was based on the multiple linear regression model applied to our sample, which is the United States. Numerical data of ginger exports, export price, production volume, Investment in technology and innovation in trade, and exported value of Trademap during the period 2006 - 2020 were obtained. Through the econometric model, it was obtain that there is a direct relationship significant between the export price and the exported quantity (p < 0.05), that is; the greater the quantity of ginger exported, the lower the export price, and the higher the production volume, the greater the quantity of ginger exported (p < 0.05), the greater the investment in technology and innovation in trade, the greater the quantity exported (p < 0.05). These results provide accurate information for medium and large exporting companies of agricultural products, farmers, producers; the results show the key factors that lead to the success of Peruvian ginger exports.

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Annisa Innayatuhibbah, Gesti, Endang Siti Rahayu i Minar Ferichani. "Export competitiveness of Indonesian coffee in the United States market". Scientific Horizons 27, nr 2 (8.01.2024): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.48077/scihor2.2024.125.

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Indonesia’s economic growth has slowed down during the pandemic. Coffee is a foreign exchange-producing agricultural commodity for Indonesia and has become a pillar of the national economy because of its contribution to the gross domestic product. The purpose of this study was to analyse the competitiveness of Indonesian coffee exports in the United States market. The methods employed included the Revealed Comparative Advantage, which can measure export competitiveness comparatively, and the Export Product Dynamic method to analyse and map the position of export competitiveness. The analysis results were also measured to compare the export competitiveness of Vietnamese coffee. The findings showed that Indonesian coffee and Vietnamese coffee in the United States market have a value above 1, proving that both have export competitiveness advantages. The average Revealed Comparative Advantage value of Indonesian coffee is higher than that of Vietnamese coffee, meaning that Indonesian coffee exports are superior to Vietnamese coffee exports to the United States. Meanwhile, the results of the Export Product Dynamic analysis showed that the competitiveness of Indonesian coffee exports is in the position of Lost Opportunity, where the position has shifted from the pre-pandemic position, namely Retreat. Meanwhile, the competitiveness of Vietnamese coffee exports was in the Rising Star position, which shifted from the previous position of Lost Opportunity. Lost Opportunity of Indonesian coffee shows that the strength of Indonesia’s coffee commodity business is weak, but commodity exports are still competitive. The analysis results indicated that even though Indonesia’s coffee has export competitiveness, it is not competitive enough in the United States. This study provided an overview of the export competitiveness of Indonesian coffee in the United States, which can be used as a basis for determining strategic steps in an effort to dominate the market to obtain trade benefits

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Fajgelbaum, Pablo, Pinelopi Goldberg, Patrick Kennedy, Amit Khandelwal i Daria Taglioni. "The US-China Trade War and Global Reallocations". American Economic Review: Insights 6, nr 2 (1.06.2024): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20230094.

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The US-China trade war created net export opportunities rather than simply shifting trade across destinations. Many “bystander” countries grew their exports of taxed products into the rest of the world (excluding the United States and China). Country-specific components of tariff elasticities, rather than specialization patterns, drove large cross-country variation in export growth of tariff-exposed products. The elasticities of exports to US-Chinese tariffs identify whether a country’s exports complement or substitute the United States or China and its supply curve’s slope. Countries that operate along downward-sloping supplies whose exports substitute (complement) the United States and China are among the larger (smaller) beneficiaries of the trade war. (JEL F13, F14, O19, P33)

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Exports – united states"

Perez, Elizabeth D. "The Export Administration Act of 1979 and computer exports to China". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FPerez.pdf.

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Ravi, Karthik Narayan. "A study of Indian print exports to the United States /". Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/6251.

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Lee, Jin W. "The cost of the voluntary export restraint of Japanese automobile exports to the United States". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45776.

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At the request of the United States Government, effective as of April 1, 1981, the Japanese began voluntarily restraining exports of automobiles to the United States to provide the U.S. automobiles industry with a period of time to make the necessary adjustment to become more competitive with imports.

It is the purpose of this paper to examine the impact of the VER, particularly the costs to consumers and the benefits to U.S. producers, quota rents captured by the Japanese producer during 1981-84 will also be examined.

Between 1981 and 1984 the Voluntary Export Restraint Agreement cost the U.S. economy $8.4 billion. In terms of increases in the cost of purchasing a car, the estimate ranges between $95 in 1981 to as high as $241 in 1984. E During the four years of the VER, the consumer costs : amounted to $8.9 billion. Meanwhile, the U.S. producers of automobile benefited only $403 million as a result of the VER. If this benefit is translated to the number of jobs saved, it amounts to 29,000 jobs. Therefore, the consumer cost of creating each new job was $334,000.

As for the impact of VER on the Japanese producers, the result shows that the price effects of the VER has increased over the four years as the restrictive effect of the VER has intensified. During 1981, the VER added $733 to the price of each Japanese automobile, but by 1984, it was adding about $2,000.

Master of Arts

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Das, Kartik. "American Trade Influence: Across Foreign Markets, Exports to the United States, Not Total Exports, Drive Stock Returns". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1207.

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This paper explores the relationship between lagged stock returns and export growth in a panel of worldwide markets. Previous studies have focused on analyzing the effect of future economic output growth on stock returns. This study finds that annualized changes in a foreign country’s exports to the United States five to seven years in the future, defined as long-term, positively predict the annual stock market returns while the nation’s total export changes are already priced-in. An additional percentage point increase in long-term exports to the United States growth results in a 0.1 to 3.5 percentage point rise in annual stock returns. However, both growth in total exports and those to the United States do not predict equity returns over the short-term, defined as average annual growth from year 0 to year 4. Thus, establishing a foothold and cracking the highly competitive and homogeneous United States market is not guaranteed and unpredictable, requiring 5 years of investments before successful foreign firms are able convert it into earnings. Alternatively, investors may be shortsighted, uninformed, and pay limited attention about a foreign country’s exports to the United States beyond their forecast horizon, for example, five years. Moreover, the analysis finds that GDP growth at both the foreign country and United States level does not affect lagged foreign stock returns and could be priced-in, unlike long-term growth in the nation’s exports to United States.

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Savard, Marielle. "Impact of Canadian stabilization programs on pork exports to the United States". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55675.

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Addey, Kwame Asiam. "The Role of Trade Facilitation Indicators and Genetically Engineered Restrictive Index on U.S. State Exports and Efficiency". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29005.

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Trade Facilitation Indicators have become important mechanisms of monitoring the ease of trade. Another issue of rising concern is the pervasive debate on genetically engineered organisms and the development of Genetically Engineered Restrictive Index to evaluate its implications on trade. With regards to these, the objective of the United States Trade Representative is to eliminate implicit trade barriers. Hence, this study examines the impact of TFIs on U.S. agricultural export and its efficiency. From the results, a 1% increase in destination?s Genetically Engineered Restrictive Index leads to a US$ 9,426.82 and US$ 74,268.04 decline in corn and soybean exports while wheat experiences a US$ 26,204.05 increase. The ?I-State? paradox was also revealed from the efficiency rankings. This research recommends that GE labelling policies should be synchronized to match the requirements of the destination countries. Furthermore, information on GE foods must be transparent and disseminated to change destinations? negative perception.

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Haque, Mohua. "An Empirical Analysis of U.S. Foreign Direct Investment and Exports of Processed Food Industries". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29869.

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This study examined the determinants of U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI) and exports of processed food. This study also examined the impact of U.S. FDI on U.S. exports on processed food. FDI and export models used for estimation in this study were based on the cost-minimizing production function. The analysis focused on ten countries for the period of 1989-2004. Four of them were Asian countries: India, Japan, South Korea, and Thailand. Six of them were European countries: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The model was estimated using the two-way error component three-stage least squares (EC3SLS) method. Results from this study show that U.S. FDI and U.S. exports of processed food are complements. Major factors affecting U.S. FDI in the processing industry are GDP, GDP per capita, exchange rate, tariff rate, labor compensation cost, interest rate, and distance. Major factors affecting U.S. exports in the processed food industry are GDP, distance, and GDP from the agri-sector.

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Chinembiri, Evans Wally Kudzai. "An analysis of South Africa exports to the United States under the African Growth Opportunity Act". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16485.

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Includes bibliographical references
The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) is a unilateral trade policy concession governing United States - Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) trade and investment relations. AGOA provides United States market access for 40 SSA countries, including South Africa. This piece of legislation has the fundamental objective of facilitating the global integration of SSA countries into the world economy by extending preferential access to the United States market for exporters from eligible countries. Over the past decade, AGOA has emerged as a topical issue as scholars and policy makers sought to understand its impact on SSA, especially South Africa. This has been awarded more impetus given its pending expiration in 2015. This, naturally, raised questions about the performance of United States preference programs (such as AGOA) as part of a larger ongoing debate on the form that United States preference programs may take in the foreseeable future. With South Africa facing a serious opposition to inclusion in the next shape of AGOA given the number of trade agreements South Africa has signed with countries that are competitors to United States in certain product categories. This study will seek to highlight the importance of the AGOA dispensation to South Africa, and through that analysis make a case for the continued inclusion of South Africa in the future trade dispensations that may develop. This study focuses on two research objectives; firstly, the study seeks to assess the extent to which increased preferential access to the United States market has translated into a real and tangible increase in exports from South Africa to the United States. Secondly, the study seeks to identify the areas where South Africa and the United States have high trade potential, and help make a case for inclusion of these high potential trade products in the next iteration of the AGOA dispensation. In achieving the first research objective, the study carried out a detailed trade statistics analysis with the hope of gaining greater understanding of the extent to which AGOA has influenced trade patterns between the United States and South Africa. South Africa's trade figures show that the United States is an important trade partner. A key conclusion that can be drawn from the analysis is the observation that a fair amount of growth in South Africa's exports to the United States is fundamentally characterized by two key aspects namely; growth in specific commodities and an export base that is becoming gradually concentrated over time. This implies that trade between South Africa and the United States is shifting towards a new focus in line with AGOA incentives and by extension one may conclude that South African firms are utilizing the market opportunities and the networks that enable them to effectively exploit the United States market. In fulfilling the second research objective, the detailed trade potential analysis that is propped up by a robust analysis of trade trends was carried out. The trade potential analysis identified thirteen commodity groups as having high potential for further exports into the United States market, and Pearls, precious stones and metals were identified as having the highest indicative trade potential, although the picture changes as the data is further disaggregated. This suggests that there is enormous potential and a great scope for export of pearls, precious stones and metals to the United States.

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Gauto, Raul. "The impact of tariffs and transport costs on Latin America's wood exports to the United States". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51891.

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Latin American exports of solid wood products to the United States have not been as significant as would be expected, considering the great resource base existent in that region. Several tariff and non-tariff barriers have inhibited Latin American exports to North America. Two of the most important barriers are tariffs and transportation costs. This study uses the effective protective rate approach and empirically estimates the level of effective protection afforded American producers of five solid wood products from Latin American imports by tariffs and transportation costs, and compares the relative importance of the two barriers, It also observes the behaviour of the protective structure relative to the degree of manufacturing of the solid wood products under study. The estimates indicate that effective rates of protection are considerable larger than corresponding nominal rates. In addition, effective protection provided by transportation costs are between 2.5 and 10 times more important than the effective protection provided by tariffs. Finally, the estimates show that effective tariff protection for solid wood products does not escalate with degree of manufacturing, in contraposicion to studies carried out by economists over a wider spectrum of industries. On the other hand, the effective protection provided by transportation cost declines with degree of manufacturing, favoring the exports of manufactured solid wood products as opposed to exports of raw material or semi—processed intermediate inputs.
Master of Science

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Moldenhauer, Jan. "The impact of peak oil on globalisation : an example of steel exports to the United States". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/13533/.

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Despite the potential importance of the link between peak oil and the geography of world trade, so far remarkably little research has been conducted for that matter. Particularly, there is a gap in the literature regarding the impact of peak oil on international trade patterns at the industry level. The dissertation contributes to filling that gap. The study uses the VEC model approach to analyse the influence of peak oil on the geography of international trade, thereby using the example of steel exports to the United States between 1998 and 2008. The hypothesis tested is that peak oil, which involves high oil prices and rising international transport costs, leads to an increasing regionalisation of international trade flows at the cost of long-distance trade. Steel exports to the U.S. are analysed by steel export category, country and region. Steel exports per steel product category are analysed for 18 countries, total steel exports are analysed for 64 countries, and steel exports per region are analysed for 8 regions. The findings suggest that following an oil price shock, steel export volumes decrease for countries/regions geographically distant to the U.S. and increase for countries/regions geographically close to the U.S. The evidence also reveals the significant explanatory power oil prices have for steel exports to the United States and that price patterns play a role in the realignment process of international trade flows in the global steel industry. The findings are in line with economic trade theory with regard to the importance of the distance of trade and indicate that due to peak oil, trade globalisation, at least in the steel industry, may be at risk.

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Książki na temat "Exports – united states"

R, Liebman John, red. United States export controls. Wyd. 3. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Law & Business, 1991.

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R, Liebman John, red. United States export controls. Wyd. 4. Gaithersburg: Aspen Law & Business, 2000.

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Canada. Exporting to the United States: A guide for Canadian businesses. [Ottawa]: Government of Canada, 2008.

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Canada, Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food. The trading relationship between Canada and the United States. Ottawa: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2003.

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Brooks, Tyler E. United States agricultural trade. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Feyzioğlu, Tarhan. Does inflation in China affect the United States and Japan? [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, Asia and Pacific Dept., 2006.

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New Zealand. Ministry of Forestry., New Zealand Radiata Pine Remanufacturers' Association. i New Zealand Trade Development Board., red. Exporting lumber & remanufactured products to Australia & the United States. [Wellington, N.Z.]: Ministry of Forestry/Te Manatū Ngāherehere, 1994.

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Yamamoto, Sam. Global exporting from the U.S.A. Lanham, Md: University Press of America, 1995.

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United States. Bureau of the Census. Statistical classification of domestic and foreign commodities exported from the United States: Schedule B. Washington, D.C.]: [The Bureau], 1990.

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United States. Foreign Agricultural Service, red. Promoting U.S. exports of fishery products. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, 1999.

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Części książek na temat "Exports – united states"

Officer, Lawrence H. "Merchandise Exports". W A New Balance of Payments for the United States, 1790–1919, 115–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66099-4_6.

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Zhang, Mei Miranda. "The Theoretical Framework". W Competitiveness in United States Grain Exports, 31–52. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003249153-2.

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Zhang, Mei Miranda. "Overview". W Competitiveness in United States Grain Exports, 3–30. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003249153-1.

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Zhang, Mei Miranda. "The Transportation Models". W Competitiveness in United States Grain Exports, 101–35. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003249153-4.

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Zhang, Mei Miranda. "Summary And Conclusions". W Competitiveness in United States Grain Exports, 137–43. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003249153-5.

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Zhang, Mei Miranda. "Estimation of Shipping Cost". W Competitiveness in United States Grain Exports, 53–100. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003249153-3.

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Wegren, Stephen K. "Chapter 10: Agri-Food Trade Between the United States and Russia: From Divergence to Irrelevance". W Palgrave Advances in Bioeconomy: Economics and Policies, 279–316. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77451-6_11.

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AbstractThis chapter investigates the impact of political relations on U.S. food exports to the Soviet Union and Russia. The chapter finds that during the Cold War, political relations between the United States and Russia and agricultural trade were divergent, which means that food trade was not much affected by poor relations. In the post-Soviet period, the relationship between politics and agricultural exports has become convergent, which means that political relations and U.S. exports move in the same direction. With Putin in office, U.S. agricultural exports have fallen into irrelevance, a trend that predates Russia’s 2014 food embargo against the West.

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Liefert, William M., i Olga Liefert. "Chapter 2: Russia’s Development as a Top Player in World Grain Trade". W Palgrave Advances in Bioeconomy: Economics and Policies, 69–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77451-6_3.

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AbstractDuring the late Soviet period, Russia (along with the Soviet Union as a whole) was a major importer of grain, as well as soybeans and soybean meal, which were used to help feed the country’s growing livestock sector. The substantial reform-driven contraction in the livestock sector during the 1990s largely eliminated the need for grain imports. Beginning around 2000, Russia began to export grain, and into the 2010s it became major supplier on the world market. During 2016–2019, Russia exported on average 44 million metric tonnes a year, 10–14 percent of total world grain exports. The country’s dominant grain export is wheat, with Russia providing in the late 2010s around 20 percent of world market sales, thereby supplanting the United States as the world’s top wheat supplier. This chapter examines how Russia has developed into a major grain exporter, with the focus on how growing grain production since 2000 has generated surpluses for foreign sale.

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Higa, Ana Paula Harumi, José Gonçalves Moreira Neto, Rodrigo Guimarães Trajano i Herbert Koehne De Castro. "Grain Flow Through the Northern Arch of Brazil". W Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1379–87. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_122.

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AbstractBrazil is the world’s largest producer of soybean followed by the United States. These two countries accounting for roughly 68.7% of world production. The largest soybean producing region in Brazil is the Midwest, followed by the southern region. Between 2010 and 2020, the exported volume of soybean rose from 29.1 million tons to 83 million tons, respectively, representing 185% rise. The soybean exports are drained by nine logistic corridors and recently it calls attention the expansion of the logistics corridors of the Northern Arch of Brazil. It is expected that Ferrogrão, a railway project connecting the 933 km from Sinop (Mato Grosso state) to Itaituba (Pará state), will consolidate the Tapajós River Corridor as one of the most important corridors to the grain flows and it will help to reduce freight prices. The objective of this paper is to present the recent change in the grain exports flows through the Northern Arch of Brazil and discuss the potential impact of Ferrogrão rail in the Brazilian logistics of grain exports. For it, at the first item will be presented the importance of Brazilian soybean production in the world market and the main producing region in Brazil; in the second item will be presented the main logistic corridors for grain exports; in the third item will be presented the Northern Arch logistic corridors; in the fourth item will be presented the Ferrogrão railway project and in the fifth item will be presented the final considerations.

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Dissanayake, Kanchana, i Rudrajeet Pal. "Sustainability Impacts of Global Used Clothing Trade and Its Supply Chain". W Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 970–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28839-5_108.

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AbstractGlobal trade of used clothing, which comprises a series of activities that connect the Global North to the Global South, has grown substantially over the years. This paper analyses the trade data of the export/import trade of used clothing to provide an overview of global trade statistics and explores the sustainability impact of the used clothing trade. Both qualitative and quantitative secondary data were employed in the study. Analysis of export data revealed a declining trend, which may be attributed to the import bans of used clothing and new cheap imports from Asia. While the United States is constantly being the top exporter, and Pakistan is the top importer, the value of exports grew the fastest in China during the last decade. Analysis of sustainability impacts revealed both positive and negative facts. Used clothing markets support thousands of livelihoods and provide affordable clothing for those who live in poverty; however, the fast fashion phenomenon is threatening this important trade. Therefore, this study urges an investigation of alternative business models to reutilize clothing waste. Remanufacturing and recycling-based business models, when implemented in the Global South, could provide viable solutions to reutilize excess clothing while enhancing the sustainability benefits. Developing collaborative relationships among the stakeholders of the used clothing supply chain is immensely necessary to implement such disruptive business models and to capture values along the supply chain.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Exports – united states"

Taşseven, Özlem, i Naci Yılmaz. "Determinants of Chinese Exports to the United States: An Empirical Analysis". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c13.02551.

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The main objective of this study is to investigate the short and the long run relationships between bilateral export performance of China to United States using variables such as the real exchange rate of dollar to yuan, the growth of per capita US GDP, the growth of per capita Chinese GDP. The annual data covers the period between 2001 and 2018. The Johansen testing approach to cointegration is performed in the estimation process. The causalities among the variables in the model are determined based on the estimated models. The empirical results reveal that the variables of interest are cointegrated. Real exchange rate has no significant effect on Chinese exports to the US, whereas the growth of per capita US GDP and the growth of per capita GDP of China have positive and significant effects. Our findings suggest that United States should concentrate on the growth of both two countries rather than focusing on the low level of Chinese domestic currency.

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Sapir, Elena. "COMPETITIVENESS OF RUSSIAN AND UNITED STATES PHARMACEUTICAL EXPORTS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS". W 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/1.5/s05.022.

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Putri, Indah Utami, Sri Ulfa Sentosa i Efrizal Syofyan. "Analysis of Factors Affecting Indonesia’s Cinnamon Exports to the United States". W 4th Padang International Conference on Education, Economics, Business and Accounting (PICEEBA-2 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200305.094.

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Konar, Megan, Sajani Gumidyala, Sajani Gumidyala, Landon Marston, Landon Marston, Carole Dalin, Carole Dalin, Yoshihide Wada i Yoshihide Wada. "GROUNDWATER DEPLETION EMBEDDED IN DOMESTIC TRANSFERS AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORTS OF THE UNITED STATES". W GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-322180.

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"The Export Value Added and Its Influencing Factors in China's High-tech Manufacturing Exports to the United States". W 2018 International Conference on Education Technology, Economic Management and Social Sciences. Clausius Scientific Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/etemss.2018.1605.

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Batenko, Agnese, i Inguna Jurgelane-Kaldava. "Latvian information technology companies’ export promotion to the US". W 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.017.

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Information technology is one of the fastest growing service export industries in the world. According to information collected by LIAA (Information and Communications ..., 2018), in 2017, 40 % of Latvian information technology companies exported to the Baltic States. In 2017, the United States (further – US) was the ninth largest export partner and the 18 th largest import partner of Latvia. The US is the world’s largest software and information technology services provider, accounting for ¾ of the total global IT market. Latvian information technology companies have an interest in an information technology service exports to the US; however, currently IT companies mostly choose not to conduct market research and export strategy development. Consequently, it is necessary to evaluate the export potential of Latvian information technology services and to determine the export promotion activities of Latvian information technology services to the US. So far, there are no analysis of the Latvian IT export promotion to US that would be based on company’s needs, experience and resources available. The results of the research concluded that the export tendencies of IT services are upward and the export balance of Latvian IT services with the US is positive.

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Przeździecka, Eliza. "Finding high export potential goods in the target market – the future prospect of Polish exports to the United States". W Central and Eastern Europe in the Changing Business Environment. University of Economics, Prague, Nakladatelství Oeconomica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/pr.2023.kre.2490.16.

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Cuellar, Amanda D., i Michael E. Webber. "An Updated Estimate for Energy Use in U.S. Food Production and Policy Implications". W ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90179.

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In this work we estimate the amount of energy required to produce the food consumed in the United States in 2002 and 2007. Data from government sources and the scientific literature were used to calculate the energy intensity of food production from agriculture, transportation, manufacturing, food sales, storage and preparation. Most data were from 2002; consequently we scaled all data from other years to 2002 by using ratios of total energy consumption in 2002 to total energy consumption in the year data were reported. We concluded that food production required at least 7,880±733 trillion BTU in 2002 and 8,080±752 trillion BTU of energy in 2007, over a third of which came from food handling in homes, restaurants and grocery stores. The energy used to produce food represents approximately 8% of energy consumption. Our estimate is for the energy required to produce the food consumed in the United States and takes into account food imports and exports. To account for net food exports in the agriculture sector we calculated values for the energy intensity of ten food categories and then used the mass of domestic food consumption in each category to calculate the energy embedded in the food consumed in the United States. The amount of energy required to produce the food consumed in the United States has policy implications because it is a substantial fraction of total energy consumption and is responsible for a commensurate amount of greenhouse gas emissions. There are many opportunities for decreasing the energy intensity of food production at all steps of the food system. Education of the public and policy measures that promote energy efficiency in the food sector have the potential for decreasing food waste and the energy intensity of the food system.

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Abrantes, Noemi Pereira Araújo, Antonio Augusto Martins Pereira Júnior, Daysianne Kessy Mendes Isidorio, Matheus Emerick de Magellan i Filipe de Almeida Araújo. "Environmentally friendly methods for synthesis of reduced graphene oxide". W II INTERNATIONAL SEVEN MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeinternationalanais-030.

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Abstract Orange production in Brazil is an expressive activity for the country's trade relations. According to an annual report by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Brazil is the largest producer of orangein the world, and produced 14,712,000 tons in the 2020/21 crop season. Records indicate that this panorama has been repeated over the last few years, which also occurs for orange products, such as processed fruit juice, which accounts for about 73% of the world's exports of the product (USDA, 2022).

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Mellick, Zoe, i Alice Payne. "Australian Cotton and the Global Apparel Supply Chain: Sustainability Issues in Context". W 22th AUTEX World Textile Conference. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-to4y7t.

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Cotton dominates the natural fibre market worldwide, as evidenced by its 24% market share. Australia is a major exporter of cotton, following China, India and the United States. The industry is significant for Australia, generating $2 billion dollars in exports per annum and employing approximately 10,000 people across the industry. However, sustainability concerns associated with cotton production, as well as evolving consumer awareness and an increase in sustainability initiatives and regulation, have brought sustainability to the forefront of the Australian cotton industry's agenda. The paper will provide a contextual review of the various sustainability aspects of cotton, such as genetically modified and non-genetically modified cotton, credible claims around environmental impacts, chain of custody and circularity approaches. This paper draws on publicly available information including industry reports, news articles, and certification websites. The paper provides valuable insights into the sustainability challenges for the Australian cotton industry, which can inform policymakers, industry stakeholders and consumers.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Exports – united states"

Beckman, Jayson, Maros Ivanic i Noé J. Nava. Estimating market implications from corn and soybean yields under climate change in the United States. Washington, D.C.: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, październik 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8134358.ers.

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The United States is one of the largest producers and exporters of corn and soybeans globally partly because of yields that are among the highest in the world. However, a changing climate could affect these yields, which could ultimately affect production and the availability of products for export. In this report, the authors estimate that U.S. corn yields could increase 3.1 percent and soybean yields could decrease 3.0 percent in 2036 relative to 2016, based on climate projections. These results are driven primarily by the increased frequency of periods of extreme heat and declines in precipitation in counties east of the 100th meridian part of the United States. These estimates are then used in a simulation model to explore the market implications from these yield projections, and those results indicate that these yield changes could affect U.S. production and ultimately trade. The estimated growth in U.S. corn yields increases corn production that could ultimately affect the amount of corn the United States has available to export. Holding yields in other countries fixed, the model indicates that U.S. corn exports increase 0.36 percent (the equivalent of $63 million). The decline in soybean yields decreases production, leading to a 1.17-percent drop in U.S. exports (the equivalent of $319 million) based on 2016 exports

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Volpe Martincus, Christian, i Sandra Milena Gómez. Trade Policy and Export Diversification: What Should Colombia Expect from the FTA with the United States. Inter-American Development Bank, grudzień 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011059.

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According to the economic theory and recent empirical evidence, improved market access through trade arrangements is likely to favor export diversification. In this paper, we assess whether this has been the case of Colombian exports to the United States and whether an FTA with the United States would help Colombia to diversify their exports. We find that lower tariffs have indeed favored exports of new products from Colombia. Predictions suggest that the FTA is likely to induce further diversification, but up to a certain point.

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Switzer, Charles. Export-Import Bank of the United States: Achieving Greater Economic Competitiveness Through Government Financing of Exports. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, kwiecień 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada276869.

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Khan, Saif M. U.S. Semiconductor Exports to China: Current Policies and Trends. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, październik 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20200039.

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The United States has long used export controls to prevent the proliferation of advanced semiconductors and the inputs necessary to produce them. With Beijing building up its own chipmaking industry, the United States has begun tightening restrictions on exports of semiconductor manufacturing equipment to China. This brief provides an overview of U.S. semiconductor export control policies and analyzes the impacts of those policies on U.S.-China trade.

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Lipsey, Robert, Eric Ramstetter i Magnus Blomstrom. Outward FDI and Parent Exports and Employment: Japan, the United States, and Sweden. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, marzec 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7623.

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Bianchi, Eduardo, i Pablo Sanguinetti. Improving the Access of Mercosur's Agriculture Exports to United States: Lessons from NAFTA. Inter-American Development Bank, wrzesień 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011111.

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In the last 15 years or so Mercosur countries have implemented trade liberalization reforms both unilaterally and at regional level. These reforms have been successful in promoting overall trade flows, but not so much with respect to exports to developed countries. This is particularly the case with the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) markets. For example, in the case of Argentina, exports to the EU have increased only 20% between 1990-2000. Exports to US have grown at higher rates but still below those observed for the rest of the world. Why is it that Mercosur products have been unable to increase their access to these markets? One reason that clearly outstands is that these countries have developed a comparative advantage in agricultural (both primary and manufactured) products and these items have been the ones that faced the strongest protection in the central economies.

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Valdes, Constanza, Jeffrey Gillespie i Erik N. Dohlman. Soybean production, marketing costs, and export competitiveness in Brazil and the United States. [Washington, D.C.]: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, grudzień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8142532.ers.

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The production of soybeans, the fourth leading crop produced globally, is projected to reach a record level in marketing year (MY) 2023/24. Combined, soybeans and their derivatives--soybean meal and soybean oil--are the most traded agricultural commodity, accounting for nearly 9 percent of the total value of global agricultural trade. Brazil is now the world's largest soybean producer and exporter, while the United States and Brazil jointly supplied nearly 90 percent of soybean exports to the world in MY 2021/22. Soybeans stand out as a crucial crop in the expansion of Brazil's farm sector and the country's ascent as a top global supplier of agricultural products. This report focuses on the export competitiveness for soybeans in Brazil and in the United States over the MY 2017/18--2021/22 periods, by comparing farm-level production costs, producer returns, the cost of internal transportation, and the cost of shipping to a common export destination. With soybean production in Brazil expected to reach a record high in MY 2023/24, a depreciating Brazilian currency, and the country's exporting capabilities expecting a boost (from expanding transportation infrastructure), changes in the competitiveness of Brazil will have important implications for U.S. and international agricultural markets.

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Sawhney, Aparna, i Matthew Kahn. Understanding Cross-National Trends in High-Tech Renewable Power Equipment Exports to the United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, lipiec 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17217.

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Trachtenberg, Danielle. The Impact of Policy Measures on Trade in Services in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, maj 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003355.

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This paper uses data on policy measures affecting services operation and trade to document and estimate the impact of different types of policy measures on services exports and imports, with a focus on Latin America and the Caribbean. It finds that market-entry measures are important to both total services exports and imports in the region and bilateral trade flows with the United States, while measures relating to the operation of service providers are important for bilateral trade flows with the United States.

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Holtom, Paul, Mark Bromley i Verena Simmel. Measuring International Arms Transfers. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, grudzień 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/fymr2694.

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Consistent, comprehensive data on international arms transfers enables the identification over time of trends in international arms transfers at the global, regional and national levels. There are several different methods for measuring international arms transfers. This Fact Sheet describes three sources of information for measuring international arms transfers: SIPRI’s measure of the volume of arms transfers; the financial value estimate of the United States Congressional Research Service (CRS); and national government data on the financial value of arms export agreements and deliveries. Using German arms exports in 2011 as a case study, it compares the methods used by SIPRI, the CRS and the German Government to measure German arms exports.

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