Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Export prices”
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1
Asrini, Yulmi Nur, Siti Hodijah i Nurhayani Nurhayani. "Analisis ekspor kayu manis Indonesia ke Amerika Serikat". e-Journal Perdagangan Industri dan Moneter 9, nr 2 (18.10.2021): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pim.v9i2.6647.
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This study analyzes Indonesian cinnamon export volume to the United States, export cinnamon prices, exchange rates, and domestic cinnamon production. In addition, to investigate the effect of export cinnamon prices, exchange rates, and domestic cinnamon production on Indonesian cinnamon exports to the United States in 2000-2017. The data used was obtained from the official website of the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency, United Nations Commodity Trade (COMTRADE), and the Plantation Service. The data analysis method used in this research is descriptive and quantitative analysis method with multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the multiple linear regression analysis results, it can be concluded that simultaneously export cinnamon prices, exchange rates, and domestic cinnamon production have a significant effect on Indonesian cinnamon exports to the United States. The exchange rate and domestic cinnamon production have a considerable impact, but the price of export cinnamon had no significant effect on Indonesia's cinnamon exports to the United States.
Keywords: Export cinnamon, Price, Exchange rate, Production.
2
Priddle, R. "Impact of Canadian Regulatory Changes on Cross-Border Trade". Energy Exploration & Exploitation 5, nr 1 (luty 1987): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878700500106.
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In the year following oil deregulation Canada's crude oil productive capacity grew by 5%, but production was unchanged due to a lack of pipeline capacity, the effects of prorationing and a lack of price flexibility. While Canadian oil demand remained stable, exports of crude oil increased by one-third and imports by one-half. Export prices followed world trends with light crude oil export prices declining from $C 40/bl to $C 15 in July 1986. Natural gas exports were down by 17% in the first nine months of the 1986 contract year. This period coincides with the implementation of the Agreement on Natural Gas Markets and Prices, but was also a period marked by declines in US gas prices, declining US gas demand, and significant changes in US gas industry regulation. Prices for gas exports by licence have been renegotiated and some short-term interruptible sales have been made. Export prices approached those for interprovincial sales, which typically offered a better load factor. Licence holders have been able to average export prices over all sales under a licence to satisfy the minimum export price requirement in relation to the domestic reference price. As a result, since the Agreement of 31 October 1985, all renegotiated prices for exports of gas by licence have been approved. The factors having the most impact on gas exports by licence appear to be the 6% decline in US gas demand, limitations on pipeline access during the period of transition in US pipeline regulation, priority given by US pipelines to managing lower-48 take-or-pay obligations, and the changing role of US pipelines to being transporters rather than merchants of gas to the detriment of some Canadian gas export contracts. Exports by licence were at a level of 42% of authorized volumes for most of 1986. Volume authorizations were therefore, not an impediment to exports by licence. There was no volume restriction for short-term exports by order. Gas exports by short-term interruptible order faced US pipeline access restrictions but were affected by the domestic reference price floor. Short-term interruptible exports grew rapidly after the Agreement, peaking in January 1986 and then declined as US competitive prices fell below comparable Canadian domestic prices. Short-term interruptible exports have accounted for only 3% of total exports in the first nine months of the current contract year. Canada's disappointing 1985–6 gas export performance was attributable to weak US gas markets, changing US market structures, and delayed US regulatory change. Although there has been some impact on short-term interruptible sales, the overall decline in gas exports was not significantly relatable to Canadian gas export regulation.
3
Arifin, Farid, Nurul Anwar i Diah Setyorini Gunawan. "Factors Affecting the Export Value of Indonesian Natural Rubber Commodities". Almana : Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis 6, nr 3 (25.12.2022): 460–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36555/almana.v6i3.1931.
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Rubber and articles thereof commodities are one of Indonesia's leading exports, and natural rubber dominates among those commodities. However, in the last decade, the export performance of natural rubber commodities has not been optimal, especially in the last three years as seen from the declining export value. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of production, international prices, and also the exchange rate on Indonesia's natural rubber exports, as well as to see which factors had a dominant influence. The analytical method used is multiple regression using secondary data for a period of 30 years (1991-2020), the export value of natural rubber commodities, production, international prices, and exchange rates. Result of this study, production, international prices, and exchange rates have a positive and significant impact on the export value of Indonesia's natural rubber commodities. The production, international prices, and exchange rates together have a significant effect on the export value of Indonesia's natural rubber commodities. The international price factor is the most dominating factor in influencing the export value of Indonesia's natural rubber commodities.
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Yanita, Mirawati, Dompak MT Napitupulu i Karina Rahmah. "Analysis of Factors Affecting the Competitiveness of Indonesian Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Export in the Global Market". Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research 2, nr 3 (7.01.2020): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/injar.v2i3.2857.
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This study aims to: (1) Analyze the development of Indonesian CPO export competitiveness in the global market from 1998 to 2017 (2) Analyze factors affecting the competitiveness of Indonesian CPO export in the global market from 1998 to 2017. The data used is time series spanning 20 years (1998-2017). The competitiveness of Indonesian CPO export in the global market is presented descriptively in the form of images, while affecting factors are analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. The results show that Indonesian CPO has comparative and competitive competitiveness in the global market. The results of multiple linear regression tests indicate that the factors that comparatively affect the competitiveness of Indonesian CPO exports in the global market are domestic CPO production, global CPO prices and petroleum prices while factors that competitively affect competitiveness are oil palm plantation area, Malaysian export volume, soybean oil price and exchange rates. Factors that positively impact Indonesian CPO competitiveness are domestic CPO production, oil prices and the oil palm plantation area. Improving these variables will increase the competitiveness of Indonesian CPO exports, while an increase in global CPO prices, soybean oil prices and the exchange rate will reduce the competitiveness of CPO exports. The variable that has no significant effect is the export volume of Malaysia.
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Dastagiri, M. B., i S. M. Jainuddin. "International Trading Prices Of India’s Oilseed Crops: Growth Rates, Elasticities And Foreign Trade Policy". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, nr 31 (30.11.2017): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n31p185.
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World prices influence international trade and so economic precision is required. This foreign trade research study examines exports and imports of India’s major oilseeds from 1990-91 to 2015-16. The methodology employed is the estimation of CAGR, Instability Index, Export import price elasticities of oilseeds and identification of top export import destinations. The results show that export prices of groundnut, soybean, niger, safflower, sesamum and sunflower were higher than import prices indicating that India has a comparative advantage in these crops. The terms of trade of India’s oilseeds were found to have increased for all oilseeds except mustard crop. The exports price growth rate of groundnut, niger, safflower and sunflower were higher than imports. The study found that among oilseeds, mustard (0.97 %) has high export elasticity and that export imports prices of groundnut, soybean, safflower, sunflower and niger crops were found to be stable. It also found that India’s major exports destinations for groundnut, soybean, niger seeds, sesamum, and sunflower are Indonesia, USA, South Korea and Philippines respectively, whereas major imports destinations are Germany, USA, Nigeria and Ukraine for groundnut, soybean, sesamum, and sunflower respectively. The study suggests that multilateral trade relationship with countries having high export imports share would help in smooth trade of oilseeds. These findings have important implications for policy research and R&D strategies in response and re-orientation of the R&D system to the changing trade scenario to benefit from WTO.
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Meidrieswida, Adrine Gladia. "EFFECT OF NUMBER OF COCOA PRODUCTION, WORLD COCOA PRICE, EXCHANGE RATE, AND COCOA EXPORT PRICES ON COCOA EXPORTS IN INDONESIA". Jurnal Dinamika Ekonomi Pembangunan 1, nr 2 (28.07.2018): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/jdep.v1i2.73.
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This study aims to analyze the development of cocoa commodity exports in Indonesia. This study uses time series data from 2002 to 2016 and processed using SPSS. The independent variables in this study are the Total Cocoa Production, World Cocoa Prices, Exchange Rates, and Cocoa Export Prices with the dependent variable namely Indonesian Cocoa Exports. Simultaneous test results show that Cocoa Production Amount, World Cocoa Prices, Exchange Rates, and Cocoa Export Prices simultaneously have a significant effect on Cocoa Exports in Indonesia. While the partial test results indicate that the variable Cocoa Production Amount, World Cocoa Prices, Exchange Rates, and Cocoa Export Prices are partially not significantly influence the Cocoa Export in Indonesia
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Chew, Soon-Beng, Jia Hong Chen, Ming Chou Hung i Teresa Wan Ying Lek. "Factors Affecting Export Competitiveness of Singapore’s Manufacturing Sector: A Regression Analysis". Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 21, nr 02 (27.05.2018): 1850009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091518500091.
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This paper examines the export competitiveness of the manufacturing sector in Singapore. More specifically, we examine how the existence of import content of exports, productivity gains, and profit margins affect the competitiveness of Singapore’s manufacturing exports. Using proxies such as price of exports, price of imports, unit business costs, and net operating surplus over manufacturing output, we analyze our results empirically and seek to show the significance of these variables in affecting the export competitiveness in the unique case of Singapore. As price of exports and price of imports are both expressed in Singapore dollars (SGD) and this captures the exchange rate, we can assess the impact of a stronger SGD on the export competitiveness of Singapore’s manufacturing sector. Traditional economic notions according to Mundell–Fleming model have predominantly assumed that the appreciation of local currency would stimulate imports and harm exports, vice versa. However, in the case of Singapore where there is a high import content in exports, our paper reveals that exports are not adversely affected by an appreciation of SGD. This is attributed to the direct causal relationship between import prices and export prices that helps to minimize the effects of a higher cost of export production brought about by appreciation, with lower import costs. Furthermore, the impacts of productivity growth and profit margins on export competitiveness are very small, supporting the notion that Singapore exporters are price-takers.
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Faisal, Agus, Kustopo Budiraharjo i Mukson Mukson. "Analisis Faktor Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Volume Ekspor Kentang pada PT Bumi Sari Lestari Kabupaten Temanggung Jawa Tengah". Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis 5, nr 3 (1.07.2021): 714–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jepa.2021.005.03.10.
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Exports are trading activities or selling goods to other countries with a mutually agreed system. International trade is one of the activities whose role is very important in increasing state income or meeting domestic needs. PT Bumi Sari Lestari is one of the horticultural exporters. It is necessary to know how many export volumes and what factors affect export volumes. This study aims to determine various factors that can affect the volume of potato exports of PT Bumi Sari Lestari, Temanggung, Central Java and predict the export of potatoes in the next few years (2020-2021). The study was conducted in March-May 2020 located at PT Bumi Sari Lestari, Temanggung, Central Java. The method used in this research is a case study. Determination The location of the study was determined intentionally (purposive). The data used in this study are primary data (interviews) and secondary data over the past 5 years (company data and related agencies in 2015-2019). Analysis of the data used in this study uses quantitative descriptive analysis and statistics with linear regression analysis and trend analysis. The variables analyzed include demand, export prices, local prices in Central Java, potato production, inflation, exchange rates and dummy number of importers. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the average annual potato export is 595,849 kg. Variable demand, potato export prices and local potato prices, inflation and the US dollar exchange rate simultaneously affect the volume of potato exports. The variable of demand, local price and inflation variables have a partial effect on the export volume of potatoes, while the variable of export price, the exchange rate and the number of importers have no partial effect on the export volume of potatoes. The results of forecasting of PT Bumi Sari Lestari potato exports in 2020 and 2021 were 572,074 kg and 301,818 kg respectively, which were 572,074 kg or decreased by 14.28% every quarter.
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Bhattacharyya, Ranajoy, i Bipradas Rit. "On the Relationship between the Nominal Exchange Rate and Export Demand in India". South Asian Journal of Macroeconomics and Public Finance 7, nr 2 (28.09.2018): 260–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277978718795777.
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This article attempts to determine the effect of nominal exchange rates on Indian exports between 1996 and 2014. We begin by assuming that the nominal exchange rate can affect export directly as well as indirectly via its pass through on domestic prices. The analysis is conducted with quarterly data after controlling for the effect of exchange rate volatility on exports. The main results that we get are the following: There is no direct evidence that the nominal exchange rate or its volatility influences exports. However, there is a significant relationship between the relative price ratio (domestic to foreign) and export. Further, we find strong evidence of pass through of the nominal exchange rate on prices (about 54%) in the long run. We interpret this result as an evidence of the nominal exchange rate affecting exports indirectly through domestic prices. The results suggest that the debate on the influence of exchange rates on Indian export is still an open one. JEL Classification: F14, E31, G15
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Chernikov, Sergey U., i Alexander Zobov. "State intervention in the domestic market restructuring: an example of the Russian sunflower market". SHS Web of Conferences 114 (2021): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111401026.
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In recent years, the Russian market of sunflower oil has shown steady growth, while the key trend is the increase and deepening of exports. In 2020, the market showed an increase in exports to China and India, reaching a value of 35% of the total export volume. At the moment, Russia is considering a formula for an export duty on sunflower oil, as it struggles with food price inflation. It is assumed that the export duty on sunflower oil will be structured similarly to that used in the wheat market. The government brokered the deal to mitigate the impact of high international prices on a key domestic product, and was forced to lock in retail sunflower oil prices after domestic sunflower and sunflower oil prices began to rise following last summer’s low sunflower harvest in the Black Sea region. It is expected that the introduction of a new export duty will be able to stabilize domestic food inflation.
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Kousar, Shazia, Iqra Khalid, Farhan Ahmed i Jose Pedro Ramos-Requena. "Asymmetric Effect of Oil Prices on Export Performance: The Role of Export Financing Schemes in Pakistan". International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, nr 2 (20.03.2022): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.12746.
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This study aims to check the impact of export financing (EF) schemes like EF-25, oil prices, exchange rate, and foreign direct investment on export performance in Pakistan. Study utilized textile exports and non-textile exports to measure the export performance in Pakistan. Data for modeled variables are taken from the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), and International Financial Statistics (IFS) for the period of 2004 to 2020. This study employed Auto Regressive Distributive Lags (ARDL) and Non-Linear Auto Regressive Distributive Lags (NARDL) models from 2004 to 2020 to check the symmetric and asymmetric impact of modeled variables on export performance in Pakistan. It is observed that there is a positive and significant impact of export financing schemes and oil prices on the performance of the export of Pakistan in both time regimes before and after the world financial crisis 2008. Asymmetric effects showed that positive shock in oil prices leads to a positive change in exports and negative shock also leads to a positive change in exports. The impact of export financing on the textile sector is significant and positive but it is insignificant in the case of oil prices. Whereas the impact of oil prices on non-textile exports of Pakistan is significant and a positive rather insignificant impact of export financing is found for non-textile exports. According to the results, export financing is favorable for Pakistan's export performance so it should be encouraged and more schemes should be introduced.
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Rifaldi, Rahmat Rifaldi, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain i Mustafa Usman. "Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Volume Ekspor Ikan Tuna Indonesia". Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 5, nr 2 (1.05.2020): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v5i2.14676.
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Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini apakah harga ekspor ikan tuna, jumlah produksi ikan tuna dalam negeri dan nilai tukar rupiah ( kurs ) berpengaruh terhadap volume ekspor ikan tuna Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh harga ekspor ikan tuna, jumlah produksi ikan tuna dalam negeri, nilai tukar rupiah ( kurs ) terhadap volume ekspor ikan tuna Indonesia. Hasil penelitian secara serempak harga ekspor ikan tuna, nilai tukar ( kurs ) dan jumlah produksi ikan tuna berpengaruh nyata terhadap volume ekspor ikan tuna Indonesia. Secara parsial harga ekspor ikan tuna, nilai tukar ( kurs ) dan jumlah produksi ikan tuna berpengaruh nyata terhadap volume ekspor ikan tuna Indonesia.Kata kunci: Volume Ekspor, Harga Ekspor Ikan Tuna, Nilai Tukar Rupiah, Jumlah Produksi Ikan Tuna Abstract. The problem in this study is the price of tuna exports, the amount of tuna production in the country and the exchange rate of the rupiah (exchange rate) affect the export volume of Indonesian tuna. This study aims to determine the effect of tuna export prices, the amount of tuna production in the country, the rupiah exchange rate (exchange rate) on the volume of Indonesian tuna exports. The results of the study simultaneously tuna export prices, the exchange rate (exchange rate) and the amount of tuna production significantly affect the export volume of Indonesian tuna. Partially the price of tuna exports, the exchange rate (exchange rate) and the amount of tuna production significantly affect the volume of Indonesian tuna exports.Keywords: Export Volume, Tuna Fish Export Prices, Rupiah Exchange Rates, Tuna Production Amounts
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Fihri, Faisal, Haryadi Haryadi i Nurhayani Nurhayani. "Pengaruh kurs, inflasi, PDB dan harga karet internasional terhadap ekspor karet Indonesia Ke Tiongkok dan Amerika Serikat". e-Journal Perdagangan Industri dan Moneter 9, nr 3 (8.10.2021): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pim.v9i3.16272.
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This study aims to: 1) calculate and analyze the development of exchange rates, inflation, GDP, international rubber prices, and Indonesian rubber exports to China and the United States. 2) To determine the income contribution of women workers in Talang Village, 3). To calculate and analyze the factors that affect the export of Indonesian rubber to China and the United States. The analytical method used is descriptive quantitative using multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that the exchange rate development fluctuated from 2001 to 2019, with an average exchange rate development from 2001 to 2019 of 3.13 percent. Then the average general annual inflation of Indonesia for 19 years with inflation developments that occur up and down or fluctuate. The average growth of rubber prices is 9.24 percent. Furthermore, the volume of rubber exports to China in 2001-2019 tends to decrease. The average development of rubber export volume to China in 2001-2019 was -1.95 percent. Meanwhile, the development of rubber export volume to America in 2001-2019 tends to increase. The average growth of rubber export volume to China in 2001-2019 was 1.34 percent. Based on the results of multiple linear regression, the importance of rubber exports to China is influenced by the variables of the exchange rate, GDP, and rubber prices. Meanwhile, the rubber price variable only affects the volume of rubber exports to America. Keywords: Export of rubber, Exchange rate, Inflation, GDP, Rubber price
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Flora, Donald F., i Wendy J. McGinnis. "Embargoes On and Off: Some Effects of Ending the Export Ban on Federal Logs and Halting Exports of State-Owned Logs". Western Journal of Applied Forestry 4, nr 3 (1.07.1989): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/4.3.77.
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Abstract Congress is considering two policy changes that would greatly affect the northwest's timber economy through old-growth exports. One, permitting export of federal logs, would expand high-grade log exports about 630 million bd. ft. annually (about 50%), raising high-grade log prices about $100/mbf and reducing export prices of high-grade logs by about $100/mbf. The other change, allowing states to regulate exports of their logs, would reduce high-grade exports by about 35%, trimming their domestic prices by about $50/mbf and raising their export prices about $150/mbf, assuming the northwest states would end export sales. Lower grade log markets would be affected to a much lesser degree under either proposal. West. J. Appl. For. 4(3):77-79, July 1989.
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Puspitasari, Normalita, Rahma Nurjanah i Candra Mustika. "Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ekspor minyak nabati di Provinsi Jambi". e-Journal Perdagangan Industri dan Moneter 6, nr 2 (1.07.2018): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pim.v6i2.9749.
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This study aims to determine the effect of export prices, exchange rates, and economic growth on vegetable oil exports in Jambi Province, where this research was conducted for 18 years, starting from the period 2000-2018. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. Partial testing using statistical t-test and testing using the F statistic test. In addition, the classical assumption test was also carried out where the test was carried out using the Eviews 8 software. The results obtained showed that export prices, exchange rates, and economic growth together had a significant effect on the export of vegetable oil in Jambi Province. Meanwhile, partially export prices and exchange rates have a positive and significant effect on exports of edible oils in Jambi Province. Meanwhile, economic growth has a positive and insignificant effect on the export of vegetable oil in Jambi Province. Keywords: Vegetable oil exports, The value of vegetable oil exports, Export prices, Exchange rates, Economic growth
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Haniotis, Tassos, John Baffes i Glenn C. W. Ames. "The Demand and Supply of U.S. Agricultural Exports: The Case of Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans". Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 20, nr 2 (grudzień 1988): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200017581.
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AbstractThe demand for and supply of U.S. wheat, corn, and soybean exports is specified in a dynamic framework. Obtained results indicate differences in the export behavior of each product. U.S. corn exports are elastic, while U.S. soybean exports exhibit an inelastic response. For wheat, the derived elasticity of export demand had a positive sign. Hypothesis testing validated the dynamic structure of the estimated models in all markets. Stability properties were confirmed in export markets of corn and soybeans, but results were inconclusive for the wheat market. Adjustment coefficients indicate that exports and export prices do not adjust immediately to their equilibrium levels. Multiplier impacts indicate a stable path of convergence for all markets, with minimal impact of exogenous shocks on wheat and corn exports and export prices. Soybean export prices exhibit a significant response to changes in domestic export capacity, but minimal response to other exogenous shocks.
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Wijaya, KGS Anton, Rahma Nurjanah i Candra Mustika. "Analisis pengaruh harga, PDB dan nilai tukar terhadap ekspor Batu Bara Indonesia". e-Journal Perdagangan Industri dan Moneter 6, nr 3 (1.09.2018): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pim.v6i3.7349.
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The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) To determine and analyze the development of prices, GDP, exchange rates, and exports of Indonesian Coal. (2) To find out and analyze the effect of prices, GDP, and exchange rates on Indonesia's coal exports. Based on the study results, (1) The average coal export in Indonesia from 2002-2016 was 11.91 percent per year. The development of Indonesian Coal prices from 2002-2016 was 17.77 percent per year. The average growth of the exchange rate from 2002-2016 was 2.18 percent per year. The average development of Indonesia's GDP from 2002-2016 was 5.47 percent. (2) The regression results show that the price of coal and the exchange rate has significantly affect Indonesia's coal exports. This can be seen from the t-count > t-table. Meanwhile, GDP does not have a significant effect on Indonesia's coal exports. Keywords: Price, GDP, Exchange rate, Coal export
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Morales, L. Emilio. "The effects of international price volatility on farmer prices and marketing margins in cattle markets". International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 21, nr 3 (20.03.2018): 335–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2017.0020.
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This study examines the effects of export price volatility in cattle markets using panel data from twelve countries between 1970 and 2013. Fixed-effects models with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors were estimated to control for cross-sectional dependence. Results indicate that price transmission depends on prices previously paid to farmers, variations in export prices and volatility of export prices, which reduces farmer prices in developed countries and it increases them in developing countries. In contrast, marketing margins are reduced by contemporaneous export price volatility and are increased by previous volatility. Exporters in developing countries take more time to transmit shocks in international prices, pay lower prices to farmers and absorb a bigger proportion of price fluctuations. These price transmission imperfections affect investments, technology adoption, production level and quality across the chain in developing countries, which negatively impact farmers, input and service providers, traders and other actors of the beef cattle chain.
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Xue, Huidan, Chenguang Li, Liming Wang i Wen-Hao Su. "Spatial Price Transmission and Price Dynamics of Global Butter Export Market under Economic Shocks". Sustainability 13, nr 16 (19.08.2021): 9297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169297.
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Recently, the world has experienced striking economic and policy changes, and subsequent uncertainties have impacts on dairy trade price fluctuations. The Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) methodology was established in this paper to better understand international butter export prices transmission, the feedback between the economic context changes and price fluctuations, and the link between the global butter market, energy market, and other commodity markets. We assessed which key factors are typically associated with butter export price movements with regards to shocks to crude oil price, palm oil price, farm-gate raw milk price, exchange rates, and consumer price index (CPI) for food of the EU, New Zealand, the U.S., and the rest of world (RoW), respectively. Using generalized impulse response functions, this study found that decreases in farm-gate raw milk price could be swiftly transmitted to butter export prices of not only a home country but other foreign countries. However, palm oil price and crude oil price merely affects global butter export prices. We also found that U.S. dollar depreciations against the Euro will cause a decline in U.S. butter export price. It is concluded that butter export markets are not well-integrated, yet butter export prices of New Zealand and the U.S. are highly linked.
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Wróblewska, Wioletta, i Eugenia Czernyszewicz. "THE LEVEL AND PRICE VOLATILITY OF BLUEBERRY FRUITS (VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM L.) OBTAINED BY PRODUCER AND ON THE WHOLESALE MARKET DURING 2007-2016". Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, nr 2 (26.06.2017): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1217.
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The aim of the study was to assess the level and volatility of prices of blueberry obtained in the farm (in wholesale on the domestic market and in export) and on the wholesale market during 2007-2016, due to choice of distribution channel. The level, direction and intensification of price changes were analyzed. The study shows that the prices of blueberry at the producer level were characterized by greater volatility than the wholesale market. Prices obtained by the producers on wholesale on the domestic market were significantly lower than in exports and in the wholesale market, on average in the analyzed period accounted for only 69% of the export price and 52% of the wholesale market price. Regardless of where the price comes from,the highest price for fruits was obtained in September, and the lowest in August, which is the month of the largest supply of fruits on the market.
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Aisyah, Siti, Reffi Aryzegovina i Dicky Rustam. "Determinant Analysis Of Fresh Demand For Exported Tuna At Bungus Ocean Fishing Port (PPS) Padang City Postpandemic Covid-19 Period". Barakuda 45: Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan 4, nr 2 (11.11.2022): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47685/barakuda45.v4i2.287.
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The Covid-19 pandemic is claimed to be the main cause of the decline in world trade including trade in fishery products, where the total export value of world fishery products fell by 7% compared to 2019, which was the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, the determinants of demand for fresh tuna exports at PPS Bungus, Padang City, in the post-pandemic Covid-19 period need to be investigated. to maintain and increase the quantity of fresh tuna exports. Based on the description above, the purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of domestic price factors, Japan's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), shrimp prices, and the exchange rate on demand for fresh export tuna exports at the Bungus Ocean Fishery Port (PPPS). Padang city Post-pandemic Covid-19 period. To find out how much influence the independent variables and dependent variables have in this study, the method used is multiple regression analysis. The independent variables are tuna prices (X1), Japan's GDP per capita (X2), shrimp prices (X3), exchange rates (X4), and the dependent variable is the export quantity of fresh tuna (Y). Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the price of tuna, shrimp price and exchange rate had a positive effect on the quantity of fresh tuna exports while Japan's GDP per capita had no effect on the quantity of fresh tuna exports at the Samudera Bungus Fishery Port, Padang City
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Kabayiza, A., R. Muhire, S. Nsabimana, M. Kabarungi, Y. B. Ningabire i F. Niyitanga. "Effect of exchange rate volatility on Rwandan coffee price and export volumes". Agro-Science 21, nr 1 (29.12.2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v21i1.1.
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The main strategy of Rwanda for having a steady growth in coffee export value and revenues was increased sales of speciality coffee. However, global coffee prices are often volatile and Rwanda has little control over the fluctuating global prices. This paper analysed the effect of exchange rate volatility on the price and exports of Rwanda coffee. In order to respond to this question, the monthly time series data on bilateral Rwanda coffee exports and real effective exchange rates from January 2001 to December 2016 were analysed. The cointegration methods and error correction model using the autoregressive distributed lag procedure andGlosten, Jagannathan, and Runkle-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GJR-GARCH) model were used to analyse the data. The findings showed that the exchange rate volatility resulted in an increase in Rwandan coffee export price in the long run by 1.5% and a decrease in the short run by 0.2%. The findings also showed that the exchange rate volatility affected coffee export volumes in the long run and the short run by 44.4% and 3.8%, respectively. The real income in importing countries increased coffee prices in the long run by 3.0% and coffee export volumes in the long run and the short run by 26.9% and 38.5%, respectively. A review of monetary policy to address the issue of volatility and hedging system adoption in the Rwanda coffee sector should be done in order to stabilize the exchange rate and to consequently avoid its bad effects on coffee price and export volumes.
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Xue, Huidan, Liming Wang i Chenguang Li. "Market Integration and Price Dynamics under Market Shocks in European Union Internal and External Cheese Export Markets". Foods 11, nr 5 (26.02.2022): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11050692.
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The dairy sector in the European Union (EU) has experienced policy changes and market shocks recently. Using the global vector autoregressive (GVAR) model, this paper explores regional market integration, the feedback between market shocks and price dynamics, and the link between EU’s cheese export markets and energy market. This paper assesses and compares which influencing factors are typically associated with intra-EU and extra-EU cheese export price movement with regards to shocks to crude oil price, farm-gate raw milk price, and consumer price index (CPI) for food and cheese production of six representative EU member states, respectively. Using generalized impulse response functions, this paper finds that EU’s internal cheese export market is not well integrated, while EU’s external market is well integrated, with France as an exception. It also finds that the external cheese export market is vulnerable to shocks from the energy market compared to the internal market. Raw milk prices from the upstream supply chain have strong spill-over effects on EU’s internal cheese export market, yet their impact on extra-EU cheese export prices is relatively less significant. The movement patterns of extra-EU cheese export prices of Ireland and the UK show similar patterns in the long run. It is concluded that the dynamics of cheese export prices in the internal and external markets of the EU are different under market shocks.
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Bandriyo, Muhammad Teguh Iman Aris, Yusman Saukat i Amzul Rifin. "Indonesian molasses export supply in world trade". Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 10, nr 1 (30.04.2022): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v10i1.17022.
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This study examines the factors affecting Indonesian molasses exports in international trade using time series data from 2003 to 2019. The analysis tool used is the Error Correction Model (ECM). The analysis results show that in the long run, the variables of molasses production, exchange rates, and inflation have a significant effect on Indonesia's molasses export supply. In contrast, Indonesia's GDP, molasses export prices, and world CPO prices have no significant effect. In the short run, the variables of molasses production, world molasses prices, exchange rates, and inflation have a significant effect. The variables of Indonesia's GDP, molasses export prices, and world CPO prices have no significant effect on Indonesia's molasses export supply in world trade.
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Wang, Z., S. Zheng, H. H. Wang i S. Liang. "Determinants of agricultural chemical price in China’s export-oriented vegetable production area". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 56, No. 1 (29.01.2010): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1/2009-agricecon.
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Agricultural chemicals may have an adverse impact on environment and food safety. The demand prices of such chemicals reveal farmers’ willingness to pay and their preferences. This article examines the determinants of the agricultural chemicals price in the export-oriented vegetable production area, Anqiu, Shandong Province, applying the Hedonic Price Model based on the spatial econometric technique to analyze the price. We find that the agricultural chemicals with a different shape and function have different equilibrium prices, and the chemical attributes of permeability, rainfastness, being a substitute of the highly poisonous chemical, having a zero residue, and the internal absorption can all influence the equilibrium prices remarkably. We also find that the prices of biological and non-pollution agricultural chemicals might not be higher than the ordinary agricultural chemicals with the same characteristics. These findings do not show a good sign to the new agricultural chemicals promotion and environmental protection, and should be brought to the government’s attention.
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Wardhany, Medha, i Fauzul Adzim. "Determinant of Cocoa Export in Indonesia". Economics Development Analysis Journal 7, nr 3 (29.08.2018): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v7i3.25262.
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International Trade is one of the activities that plays an important role for the economy. Indonesia is one of the countries whose depends on exports. One of the agricultural commodities that become the leading commodity is cocoa. Although it is a main flag export commodity, cocoa farming still has many challenges. The export volume of cocoa beans in the period 1987-2016 increase slightly, but in the last six years the export tend to decrease. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that affect the export of cocoa beans. The analytical method used is Multiple Linear Regression with the ordinary least squares rank method (OLS). The results showed that the variables of production have a positive and significant effect with coefficient value of 0.642607. Domestic cocoa price does not affect the export volume of cocoa beans. The international cocoa price variable has a negative and significant effect on export volume of Indonesian cocoa beans with coefficient value of -7,073793. The rupiah exchange rate variable to US Dollar has a positive and significant effect on the export volume of Indonesian cocoa beans with coefficient value of 15.22362. While simultaneously, production variables, domestic cocoa prices, international cocoa prices, and Rupiah exchange rate against US Dollar together affect the export volume of Indonesian cocoa beans.
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Bodnar, Olga, Julia Galchynska i Mariusz Maciejczak. "PRICE INTERDEPENDENCE OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES FROM UKRAINE AND WORLD MARKETS". Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 19, nr 4 (3.01.2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2020.19.4.36.
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The objective of the paper is to present the price interdependencies between agricultural commodity products from Ukraine (both export and non-export oriented) and other commodities whose prices are shaped on world markets, with a special focus on the role of their volatility. The research demonstrates a tight connection between the global prices of crude oil and prices of Ukrainian corn and wheat. Additionally, the volatility of world prices of agricultural commodities influenced the Ukrainian national market and had significant impact on domestic price declines. At the same time, the mechanisms for pricing non-export related agricultural commodities are formed mostly under the influence of factors from the domestic market. It is argued that a low interdependency between non-export oriented agricultural commodities and world markets stipulates the social stability of Ukraine’s population.
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Gnidchenko, A., i V. Salnikov. "Russian foreign trade price competitiveness". Voprosy Ekonomiki, nr 1 (20.01.2014): 108–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2014-1-108-129.
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We examine export and import prices for Russian commodities relative to world prices during 2002—2011 across aggregated and disaggregated commodity groups. We also propose an aggregated export price competitiveness index as a tool of monitoring quality dynamics and a composite price competitiveness rating by commodity groups.
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Hutapea, Ronald T. P., Rizky Prayogo Ramadhan, Aneke Tulalo Meity i Yohanis Ngongo. "Competitiveness of Indonesian Rice Prices in The International Market". E3S Web of Conferences 361 (2022): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236101016.
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More than 40 countries produce world rice, only six major exporting countries, namely India, Vietnam, Thailand, Pakistan, Myanmar, and the United States. The availability of rice on the world market annually ranges from 39-42 million tons that 40% of it imported by Asian countries, and China imports 6 million tons per year. Retail rice prices in Japan are USD 5.20/kg, Saudi Arabia USD 2.30/kg, and in Africa around USD 1.0 / kg, higher than Indonesia. The price of medium rice offered in the world market ranges from USD 0.34 - USD 0.4 per kg, while the price of special rice is USD 1,000/ton or more. Indonesia has the opportunity to export Basmati and aromatic rice to Japan and Saudi Arabia, which purchased at high prices. This export opportunities driven by reciprocal bilateral trade. Rice export to African countries needs to be explore under bilateral trade agreements. Indonesia has chance to export rice if it is able to consistently achieve a production surplus of at least 2 million tons per year. At the stage of exports, the role of the government needed in the form of tax breaks, quality assurance certification and subsidies for the rice production process.
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Fenghe, Zhang, Viktoriia Medvid i Lu Xu. "Marketing potential of the Sino-Russian bilateral agricultural export market". Innovative Marketing 17, nr 2 (24.06.2021): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.17(2).2021.15.
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China and Russia are important agricultural countries in the world. Expanding exports and increasing sales of agricultural products play an important role in the economic development of both countries. To understand the current situation of agricultural exports of the two countries and formulate strategies to expand the marketing of agricultural products, this paper uses the UN Comtrade Database 2009-2018 on Chinese and Russian bilateral agricultural export sales and other trade data to calculate the (expansion margin) and (price margin) of agricultural exports, (quantity margin), to analyze the types, prices, and quantities of exported agricultural products. The results show that China exports to Russia mainly labor-intensive types of agricultural products such as processed agricultural and horticultural products, accounting for 87.46% of total agricultural exports on average. The increase in exports is mainly due to the continuous increase in the prices of exported agricultural products. Russia exports to China mainly land-intensive types of agricultural products such as animal products, grains, oilseeds and fat products, which accounted for an average of 79.07% of total agricultural exports. The increase in exports was mainly due to the continuous increase in types and quantities of agricultural products to develop the export potential of agricultural products and expand sales. In addition, China should expand the types and quantities of agricultural products exported, and Russia should increase the added value of agricultural products and raise the export prices of agricultural products.
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Zhang, Sijia, i Joseph Buongiorno. "Effects of exchange rate volatility on export volume and prices of forest products". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, nr 11 (listopad 2010): 2069–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-150.
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The relative value of currencies varies considerably over time. These fluctuations bring uncertainty to international traders. As a result, the volatility in exchange rate movements may influence the volume and the price of traded commodities. The volatility of exchange rates was measured by the variance of residuals in a GARCH(1,1) model of the exchange rate. We estimated the effect of this exchange rate volatility on export quantity and price with autoregressive distributed lag models based on monthly data of US exports and prices to 14 countries for eight commodity groups. The most general and statistically significant results were obtained by pooling the time series data across destination countries and products. They suggested that an increase in exchange rate variability of 1% led to a short-run decrease in export quantity of 0.3%–0.4% and to a short-run decrease in export price of 0.1%. Both the quantity and the price effect faded away over time. The effects were less systematic and statistically significant for specific export destinations or individual products. Thus, in contrast with exchange rate level, exchange rate volatility may not be a major policy issue for US forest product exports.
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Ridha, Ahmad, Raja Masbar, Aliasuddin Aliasuddin i Vivi Silvia. "Asymmetric Price Transmission in the Cocoa Supply Chain in Indonesia". Economia agro-alimentare, nr 1 (czerwiec 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ecag2022oa12888.
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This study investigates the asymmetric price transmission (APT) of global cocoa beans and cocoa pasta prices to farm prices. The cocoa pasta variable is a proxy for Indonesian processed cocoa industry products. We use monthly time series data from January 2007 to December 2020. The NARDL model was used to estimate the APT response behavior. The dummy variable (export cocoa bean tax) explains fluctuations in farm prices before and after the policy implementation. The results showed asymmetric cointegration between the global cocoa market and cocoa pasta prices moving towards farm cocoa prices in Indonesia. APT occurs in the short and long term with different significant levels for each variable. The increase (decrease) in the global market and cocoa pasta prices were transmitted asymmetrically in the short and long terms, except for the variable (PA-pos), which is not significant in the long term. We observe strong evidence of negative asymmetric price transmission. Negative price shocks (decreases) in global markets and cocoa pasta are more rapidly transmitted to farmer prices than positive price shocks. Adjustment prices occur in magnitude, speed, and sign. The high coefficient of negative asymmetric price transmission indicates the uncompetitive of Indonesia's supply-demand cocoa chain. At the same time, the cocoa bean export tax harms farm prices. The export tax policy has reduced farm prices by approximately 2.3%.
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Hummels, David, i Peter J. Klenow. "The Variety and Quality of a Nation's Exports". American Economic Review 95, nr 3 (1.05.2005): 704–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0002828054201396.
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Large economies export more in absolute terms than do small economies. We use data on shipments by 126 exporting countries to 59 importing countries in 5,000 product categories to answer the question: How? Do big economies export larger quantities of each good (the intensive margin), a wider set of goods (the extensive margin), or higher-quality goods? We find that the extensive margin accounts for around 60 percent of the greater exports of larger economies. Within categories, richer countries export higher quantities at modestly higher prices. We compare these findings to some workhorse trade models. Models with Armington national product differentiation have no extensive margin, and incorrectly predict lower prices for the exports of larger economies. Models with Krugman firm-level product differentiation do feature a prominent extensive margin, but overpredict the rate at which variety responds to exporter size. Models with quality differentiation, meanwhile, can match the price facts. Finally, models with fixed costs of exporting to a given market might explain the tendency of larger economies to export a given product to more countries.
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Auer, Raphael, Ariel Burstein, Katharina Erhardt i Sarah M. Lein. "Exports and Invoicing: Evidence from the 2015 Swiss Franc Appreciation". AEA Papers and Proceedings 109 (1.05.2019): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20191008.
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Do differences in border price adjustment by currency of invoicing carry over to allocations? We document the cross-industry variation in the response of Swiss export prices and export values by currency of invoicing of border prices in the aftermath of the large and abrupt Swiss franc (CHF) appreciation in January 2015. Industries with higher CHF-invoicing shares (and a larger increase in foreign-currency denominated prices) experienced substantially weaker export growth in the two-year period after January 2015.
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Pandey, Alok Kumar. "Export and Economic Growth in India: Causal Interpretation". Journal of Global Economy 2, nr 4 (31.12.2006): 245–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v2i4.197.
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he relationship between export and economic growth has been an important issue of discussion among scholars and economist throughout the world. The existence of nexus in between export and economic growth can be examined in several ways like growth rates relating to GDP and export, proportion of export to growth, several policies relating to accelerate economic growth and export etc. The effective way to explore nexus in export and economic growth would be the causal analysis between two variables. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to explore the relationship in between export and economic growth in Indian economy with the help of technique of causality and error correction mechanism. For this purpose, data relating to export and GDP for the period 1950-51 to 2001-02 have been taken into account. Data regarding GDP has been taken for the period 1950-51 to 2001-02 at current prices as well as at constant prices. Moreover, in order to examine causality in between export and economic growth, GDP and its components (at current and constant prices) as (1) NDP at factor cost, (2) GDP at market prices, (3) NDP at market prices, (4) GNP at factor cost, (5) NNP at factor cost, (6) GNP at market price, (7) NNP at market prices have been taken in the present study (Handbook of Statistics on Indian Economy, Economic Survey).
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Xue, Huidan, Chenguang Li i Liming Wang. "Spatial Price Dynamics and Asymmetric Price Transmission in Skim Milk Powder International Trade: Evidence from Export Prices for New Zealand and Ireland". Agriculture 11, nr 9 (8.09.2021): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090860.
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A fast-changing global landscape highlights the importance of understanding spatial price dynamics in key international markets such as China, especially in the era of COVID-19 pandemic with international food trade and food system experiencing an unprecedented challenge. Nowadays, New Zealand’s dominant position in China’s dairy import market is being challenged by European Union (EU) dairy exporters leading to intensified market competition. Using monthly export data of skim milk powder (SMP), we applied threshold cointegration models along with asymmetric error correction models to examine spatial price dynamics and price transmissions of New Zealand and Ireland in Chinese and global markets. We found that New Zealand’s export prices retain their leadership position in China, Ireland’s export prices are well more aligned with those in international markets. In terms of own-country price transmission, Ireland’s relatively symmetric and swift adjustments were found to contrast with New Zealand’s SMP export prices, which displayed more asymmetric price transmissions.
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Yeniwati, Yeniwati. "FAKTOR PENDORONG EKSPOR PRODUK TEKSTIL INDONESIA KE AMERIKA". Ecosains: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 2, nr 1 (1.05.2013): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ecosains.347157.00.
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This study aims to analyze effect of export prices and United States income on export textile Indonesia to The United State. Types of data used are secondary data from 1982 until 2011. Analysis of the data used the OLS Method. The results are export prices and United States income significant effect on exports of textiles Indonesia to the United States. It can be seen from positive coefficient value and significant.
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Kumar, Saten. "Structural Breaks and Exports in the Philippines". Global Economy Journal 9, nr 2 (marzec 2009): 1850168. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1504.
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This paper estimates the export demand equation for the Philippines using the Gregory and Hansen procedure. We allowed for structural breaks within the Gregory and Hansen framework and obtained a cointegrating relationship between real exports, real income and relative prices. Our preferred model is the level shift where all the coefficients are significant and plausible. The income elasticity of export demand is around unity and the relative price elasticity is around -1.2.
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Vollmer, Sebastian, Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso i Felicitas Nowak-Lehmann D. "Unit Values, Productivity, and Trade - Determinants of Spanish Export Strength". Global Economy Journal 9, nr 3 (24.09.2009): 1850169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1402.
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In this paper we assess the current relevance of different sources of international competitiveness. Relative prices, labor costs, and productivity are evaluated as determinants of a country's international competitiveness at the industry level. Working with detailed data on unit values and with industry data on productivity, we empirically implement a MacDougall-type model for Spanish and French trade to Brazil, China, Japan, and the U.S. The period under study is 1980 to 2001 and we distinguish in our analysis between homogenous, reference-priced, and differentiated goods. Our results indicate that cost competitiveness factors are only valid for explaining trade with developing countries while other factors are of importance for developed economies. Overall price competitiveness is of importance, but for differentiated goods, factors distinct from prices seem to determine export success.
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Zhou, Xuanru, Shuxian Zheng, Hua Zhang, Qunyi Liu, Wanli Xing, Xiaotong Li, Yawen Han i Pei Zhao. "Risk Transmission of Trade Price Fluctuations from a Nickel Chain Perspective: Based on Systematic Risk Entropy and Granger Causality Networks". Entropy 24, nr 9 (31.08.2022): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24091221.
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Nickel is a strategic mineral resource, with 65% of nickel being used in stainless steel. The situation in Ukraine starting in February 2022 has led to significant fluctuations in nickel prices, with prices of nickel products along the same chain affecting and passing through each other. Using systematic risk entropy and granger causality networks, we measure the volatility risk of trade prices of nickel products using the nickel industry chain trade data from 2000–2019 and explore the transmission patterns of different volatility risk prices from the industry chain perspective. The findings show that: (1) Nickel ore has the highest risk of import trade price volatility and a strong influence, but low risk transmission. Stainless steel has the highest trade price impact but is also subject to the strongest passive influence. (2) The Americas have a higher risk of trade price volatility but a weaker influence. The influence and sensitivity of trade prices is stronger in Asia and Europe. (3) Indonesia’s stainless steel export prices have a high rate of transmission and strong influence. Germany’s ferronickel export prices are highly susceptible to external influences and can continue to spread loudly. Russian nickel ore export prices are able to quickly spread their impact to other regions.
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Aditya Rahman Azis, Aditya Rahman Azis, i Vid Adrison. "Pengaruh Implementasi Sertifikasi SVLK, Karakteristik Produk dan Tujuan Ekspor Terhadap Harga Premium Ekspor Kayu Olahan Indonesia". Cendekia Niaga 5, nr 1 (23.06.2021): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52391/jcn.v5i1.571.
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Premium price is an indicator of certification market effectiveness. But its existence depends on the eco-consumers in the markets. Ideally, certification is in line with benefits obtained from the market. This research aims to analyze whether the SVLK certification is capable to generate premium price of Indonesian mouldings exports and see if there is a different effect between EU and Non-EU export destinations. The analysis base on transactional exports data from 2006 to 2017 using the hedonic model approach. The regression results show that the price of SVLK certified products is 7% more expensive than non-certificate products. However, there is no significant influence of the export destination to EU or Non-EU to the prices.
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Sobolev, Oleg S. "Producer prices in the main food markets in the 3rd quarter of 2021". Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, nr 12 (2021): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2021-0-12-74-78.
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The article compares the producer’s prices of grain, milk, meat in Russia, the EU and the USA in the 3rd quarter of 2021. Data on the growth of the FAO food price index in various segments of the agricultural market are presented. The schemes of reducing or increasing wheat exports depending on the level of export prices are considered. There was a high increase in inflation year-on-year in the domestic sugar, chicken meat and sunflower oil markets.
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Bonino-Gayoso, Nicolás, Antonio Tena-Junguito i Henry Willebald. "URUGUAY AND THE FIRST GLOBALIZATION: ON THE ACCURACY OF EXPORT PERFORMANCE, 1870-1913". Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 33, nr 2 (5.05.2015): 287–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610915000130.
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ABSTRACTIn order to understand Uruguay’s long-run economic evolution it becomes crucial to interpret its export performance during the First Globalization. The lack of accuracy of official figures, especially official prices used, calls for an adjustment of Uruguayan export series. We have used empirical evidence to test the accuracy of quantities and values of export records, first, according to import partners’ records and, second, according to international market prices. Results show a general undervaluation of official export values during the period along with severe distortions in the registers caused by transit trade. We reconstructed new Uruguayan export f.o.b values and an export price index which present a more unstable and less dynamic export evolution than that of neighbouring Argentina.
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Marković, Ivan, i Milan Marković. "The Impact Of Exchange Rate Pass-Through On Serbian Export Competitiveness". Economic Themes 52, nr 2 (1.06.2014): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ethemes-2014-0014.
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Abstract The permanent existence of inflation in Serbia adversely affects achievement of macroeconomic stability. Its effects are reflected in a decrease in the real exchange rate, low price competitiveness of exports and deterioration in the balance of payments. The real exchange rate is an instrument which shows that in conditions of faster growth rate in a country than abroad, the domestic economy can't be competitive in the international market. Implementation of appropriate exchange rate regime inevitably leads to problems of exchange rate changes on import prices and inflation. The research aims to demonstrate the interdependence of inflation and depreciation, and the fact that the general price level increase is a main factor that hinders the realization of the positive effects of the national currency depreciation. Unstable monetary situation in the country undermines the goal of stimulating exports through an increase in the nominal exchange rate and by reducing export prices in foreign currency. Export becomes uncompetitive, while the depreciation of the national currency is quickly spread to inflation through the exchange rate pass-through.
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De Lucio, Juan, Raúl Mínguez, Asier Minondo i Francisco Requena. "How top exporters compete? Evidence from Spain". Economics and Business Letters 7, nr 2 (9.07.2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/ebl.7.2.2018.55-61.
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This paper analyzes whether top exporters follow a cost-based or a quality-based strategy. Using Spanish firm-level export data for 2016, we show that firms that set lower export prices have larger export revenues. We also find that exporters obtain larger revenues from their low-price products than from their high-price products. Some results suggest that the negative effects of a higher export price on export revenues can be attenuated if firms export goods that provide scope for quality-differentiation.
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Bailey, Warren, i Lan Truong. "Opium and Empire: Some Evidence from Colonial-Era Asian Stock and Commodity Markets". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 32, nr 2 (czerwiec 2001): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002246340100008x.
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On the basis of a new database of stock and commodity prices, along with measures of government revenues, commodity exports and immigration, the article assesses the impact of the opium trade on the economies of colonial Malaya, the Netherlands Indies and China from 1873 to 1911. Stock returns for a few Malayan industries related to international trade are significantly correlated with opium price changes, as are prices for labour-intensive, Chinese-dominated export commodities such as tin and gambier. However, opium price changes explain, at most, only a small fraction of the behaviour of stock and commodity prices. On balance, stock and commodity markets ascribed only secondary importance to ups and downs in the opium trade as measured by the price of the drug.
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Chen, Lein Lein, i John Devereux. "Import prices, export prices and the current account". Economics Letters 44, nr 4 (kwiecień 1994): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(94)90114-7.
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Agung Prasetyo i Mahananto. "PENGARUH VOLATILITAS HARGA COCOA DUNIA TERHADAP EKSPOR COCOA INDONESIA". JURNAL ILMIAH AGRINECA 20, nr 1 (31.01.2020): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36728/afp.v20i1.993.
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Cocoa was one of the commodities, which are crucial to the economy of Indonesia. Cocoaserve as a source of income, driving the development of the region, a provider of employment and agro-industry and foreign exchange earnings, The purpose of this study to analyze the influence of the world cocoa price volatility against Indonesian cocoa exports. This study used ordinary least squares (OLS) to analyze the data. The time interval used was 2013-2017 with monthly data. The results showed that independent variables such as world cocoa prices, consumption and world stocks of cocoa have a significant effect on the Indonesian cocoa exports. World cocoa prices were down led to a decline of Indonesian cocoa exports. Besides that, Government policy states the imposition of export duty on exported goods to guarantee the supply of raw materials for cocoa in the country, OLS also indicates that cocoa production, exchange rate, and world cocoa consumption did not affect the export cocoa of Indonesia.
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Xu, Pei, Todd Lone i Naydith Torres. "Market Integration and Price Discovery in California’s Almond Marketing: A Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR) Approach". International Journal of Business and Management 17, nr 9 (3.08.2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v17n9p43.
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California almonds production and marketing have been the focus of the state’s economy. Since almonds are a high-cost food product facing high market price volatility, reducing price forecasting error increases the likelihood of success (profitability) at the farm level. By focusing on the linkage between the local wholesale inshell price from 2015 to 2021 and international export prices to major trading partners in Europe and Eastern Asian countries, this study contributes to understanding how export prices affect the farm level wholesale price and what causes price shocks in the system. A clear result of this study is farmers can rely on current market price when forecasting local almond price in the short run of upcoming two months. This study also finds the California local almond wholesale market is integrated into the world almond market, as well as the markets of its trading partners in Europe and East Asia. Specifically, when U.S. export price to the world increase in the current month, its export price to East Asian countries will automatically adjust and decrease in the following months. Lastly, analysis of the sample of prices considered in this study does not establish a long-run equilibrium nor market price integration.
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Ghafoor, Abdul, Khalid Mushtaq i Abedullah Abedullah. "The Export Supply Response of Mangoes: A Cointegration and Causality Analysis". LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 18, nr 1 (1.01.2013): 93–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2013.v18.i1.a5.
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This paper analyzes the impact of major factors on the export of mangoes from Pakistan. We use a cointegration approach and error correction mechanism applied to data for the period 1970–2005. Mango exports are regressed against the index of relative prices of mango exports (2000 = 100), the quantity of domestic mango production, real agricultural gross domestic product (GDP), the length of all-weather roads, and international standardization, i.e., the impact of the World Trade Organization agreement. The results of the augmented Dickey-Fuller test reveal that all the data series are I(1). Applying Johansen’s test shows that the highest elasticity coefficients are found for mango production in the short and long run, followed by real agricultural GDP. The Granger causality test points to the bi-directional causality of mango exports with the relative price index and allweather roads, and unidirectional causality with real agricultural GDP and mango production. The study recommends promoting proper orchard management, developing the appropriate infrastructure, and stabilizing export prices to increase mango exports from Pakistan.