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1
Kostenko, Viktor, Olena Zavialova, Yuliia Novikova, Оlha Bohomaz, Yaroslav Krupka i Tetiana Kostenko. "SUBSTANTIATING THE PARAMETERS OF QUICKLY ERECTED EXPLOSION-PROOF STOPPING". Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 37, nr 4 (2022): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2022.4.12.
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The objective of this paper is to substantiate the method of construction and design parameters of explosion-proof stoppings for the quick and safe remote sealing-off of the sources of complex fires and explosions in coal mines. A new method was designed for the remote erection of explosion-proof stoppings in mine workings and a mathematical model of mass transfer through the body of a stopping made of discrete material. Tactics were improved for the containment of underground fires and explosions due to rapid remote erection of explosion-proof stoppings. The technology of the quick erection of stoppings made of rocks crushed by an explosion for sealing-off of the emergency sections of the mine has been proposed. A computational model and a method for calculating the parameters of explosion-proof stoppings erected by the method of directed explosion have been created. The results of the calculations open the possibility to prepare the means of containment of dust explosions in advance and to improve the tactics of safe containment of explosions and fires.
2
Chu, Z. X., J. Q. Li, Xiao Lei, Y. D. Gan, Y. L. Zhang i H. Z. Liang. "Numerical Simulations of Plasmas Generated by Air Explosion". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478, nr 7 (1.06.2023): 072052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/7/072052.
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Abstract The explosion process of explosives is very complex, often accompanied by phenomena such as luminescence, heat, and electromagnetic radiation. Many studies have shown that the electromagnetic radiation of explosive explosions is related to plasma generated by explosion. In this paper, through the thermal equilibrium ionization model, the plasma model of explosive explosion is established, the calculation formula of plasma state parameters is obtained, and the plasma dynamics program is written. The numerical simulation analysis of the air explosion conditions is carried out by using the plasma dynamics program, and the relationship between the electron density and conductivity of the air explosion plasma and the mass of explosive and distance are summarized.
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Filice, Anselmo, Miroslav Mynarz i Raffaele Zinno. "Experimental and Empirical Study for Prediction of Blast Loads". Applied Sciences 12, nr 5 (4.03.2022): 2691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052691.
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This paper presents the issue of determining the blast load on an engineering structure. In cases of industrial accidents or terrorist attacks, in many cases it is necessary to determine the necessary explosion parameters to determine the response of the structure, preferably in a simple and time-saving manner. In such a way, the empirical relationships can be used to estimate the selected parameters of the explosion load. Many empirical relationships have been derived in the past, but not all are suitable for different types of explosions. This article compares and validates experimentally determined selected explosion parameters for the chosen explosive with empirical relationships. For comparison, three already verified and frequently used calculation procedures (Kingery, Kinney, Henrych) and one newly derived procedure (PECH) were used. As part of the experimental measurements, blast wave explosion parameters for small charges were determined for near-field explosions. The general-purpose plastic explosive Semtex 10-SE was used for the experiments. The results of the comparative study presented in this article demonstrate the importance of taking these procedures into account for a reliable determination of the effects of blast actions on buildings.
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Chen, D., L. J. Zhang, Y. Z. Lv, B. H. Li i H. P. Gu. "Sensitivity Study on Typical Parameters of Underwater Explosion Numerical Simulation". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478, nr 12 (1.06.2023): 122031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/12/122031.
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Abstract In the numerical simulation research for underwater explosion, the selection of simulation parameters has a great influence on the results of numerical calculation. Based on the one-dimensional spherical symmetry model, this paper systematically studies the influence of three factors: grid size, water state equation and artificial viscosity coefficient on the important physical parameters of water explosion when TNT explosive is exploded in water. The important physical parameters selected for the explosion in water are the shock wave intensity, the maximu m radius of the bubble and the pulsation period of the bubble. A series of studies are carried out on underwater explosions with different grid sizes, so as to obtain the corresponding recommended grids that meet the calculation accuracy. The influence of different water state equations on the simulation results is discussed. The effect of artificial viscosity coefficient on the simulation results is analyzed. Finally, the similarity law of the model is studied to verify the universality of the model parameters.
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Wang, Chuan-hao, Shu-shan Wang, Jing-xiao Zhang i Feng Ma. "Pressure Load Characteristics of Explosions in an Adjacent Chamber". Shock and Vibration 2021 (21.01.2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3726306.
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To learn more about dynamite explosions in confined spaces, we focused on the chamber adjacent to the main chamber, the main chamber being the location of the explosion. We investigated the characteristics of two damaging pressure loads: first reflected shock wave and quasistatic pressure. In this work, we analyzed the characteristics of the first reflected shock wave and the quasistatic pressure formed by the explosion of the chamber charge. Simulated chamber explosion experiments were carried out, where high-frequency piezoelectric sensors were used to measure the first reflected shock wave, and low-frequency piezo-resistive sensors were used to measure the quasistatic pressure. Valid and reasonable experimental data were obtained, and the experimental values of the pressure load were compared with those calculated from the classical model. The results showed that when the main chamber was partially damaged by the explosion load, the adjacent chambers were not subjected to the shock wave load, and the quasistatic pressure load was less than that in the main chamber. The presence of adjacent chambers did not affect the shock wave load in the main chamber. Using the mass of the explosive and the blast distance as input parameters, the internal explosion shock wave load parameters, including those in adjacent chambers, can be calculated. The presence of the adjacent chamber did not affect the theoretically calculated quasistatic overpressure peak in the main chamber. Using the mass of the explosive and the spatial volume of the chamber as input parameters, the quasistatic pressure load parameters of the internal explosion can be calculated, including those in the adjacent chambers.
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Kashevarova, Galina, i Andrey Pepelyaev. "Numerical Simulation of Domestic Gas Deflagration Explosion and Verification of Computational Techniques". Advanced Materials Research 742 (sierpień 2013): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.742.3.
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Accidents caused by domestic gas explosions occur regularly enough. Gas explosion accidents indoors are defined as deflagration explosions. The formation of an explosive cloud depends on many factors inside the building. To understand why the buildings in one case withstand an explosion but collapse in another case, more precise design models and methods of their realization are needed. We used numerical modeling to calculate the blast load intensity and find out the impact of the actual environment parameters. For the model verification we referred to the full-scale experiment on the deflagration of domestic gas in enclosed space.
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Dulnev, A. I. "Underwater explosion in open water: gas bubble parameters". Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre 1, nr 403 (15.02.2023): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2023-1-403-31-47.
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Object and purpose of research. This paper discusses underwater explosion. The purpose of the study was to justify the mathematical model enabling the assessment of gas bubble pulses of underwater explosion for a wide range of explosion depths and charge weights. Subject matter and methods. The paper discusses an explosion in open-water conditions. The study relies on analytical materials, numerical solution of common differential equations and on the experimental data. Main results. The study describes calculation expressions for gas bubble pulse parameters available in literature. It also compares calculation results with the experimental data for TNT explosions. Conclusion. As compared to existing solutions and empirical expressions, the mathematical model suggested in this paper enables the assessment of pulse parameters for a wide range of explosion depths and charge weights. Calculation results obtained as per this model correlate with available test data. The results of this work may be used to estimate underwater explosion impact upon marine objects and structures.
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Jurca, Adrian Marius, Mihaela Părăian i Niculina Vătavu. "Explosion prevention and mitigation in plants which process, generate and store combustible dusts". MATEC Web of Conferences 354 (2022): 00041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235400041.
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Combustible dusts which are present in workplaces are a significant hazard which cannot be ignored by the plant owners, managers and workers. Combustible dust deflagrations and explosions have caused large numbers of deaths and catastrophic property damages in various industries, ranging from pharmaceutical plants to sugar factories. One may say that dust explosions in process industries always start inside process equipment such as mills, dryers, filters. Such events may occur in any process in which a combustible dust is handled, produced or stored, and can be triggered by any energy source, including static electricity, friction and hot surfaces. For any combustible dust type, several important parameters have to be taken into account when designing and using protective systems: i.e. the ease with which dust clouds ignite and their burning rates, maximum explosion pressure, maximum rate of explosion pressure rise. These parameters vary considerably depending on the dust type, their knowledge being a first step for carrying out a proper explosion risk assessment in installations which circulate combustible dusts. The paper presents the main aspects concerning explosion protection which have to be taken into account when designing protective systems intended to be used in explosive atmospheres generated by combustible dusts and the importance of selecting the proper explosion protection technique.
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Wang, Chuan-hao, Shu-shan Wang i Jing-xiao Zhang. "Pressure Load Characteristics of Nonideal Explosives in a Simulation Cabin". Shock and Vibration 2019 (24.09.2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6862134.
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In this study, an aluminum-containing charge was exploded in an enclosed simulation cabin to explore the characteristics of two types of damaging pressure loads formed by internal explosions: the first incident shock wave and the quasistatic pressure. A high-frequency piezoelectric sensor was used to measure the first incident shock wave and a low-frequency piezoresistive sensor was used to measure the quasistatic pressure. After obtaining effective experimental data, the experimental results were compared with the values obtained by the classical calculation model. The results show that the pressure loads generated by the internal explosions from the ideal explosive and the aluminum-containing explosive share similar load characteristics, given the same mass and benchmark explosive. The difference between the two explosives primarily lies in the amplitude of the load parameters. The aluminum-containing explosive has lower first incident shock wave and higher quasistatic pressure than that of the ideal explosive. For the peak overpressure of the first incident shock wave, the explosion shock wave load parameters of the aluminum-containing explosive, which are calculated based on the explosion heat theory, are higher than the measured values. The peak quasistatic overpressure is directly related to the total energy released by the explosion; however, they are hardly correlated with the reaction process. Therefore, the aerobic postcombustion reaction of the aluminum-containing explosive does not affect the analysis and calculation of the peak quasistatic overpressure. As a result, given the heat value of the explosive, the peak quasistatic overpressure of the explosive can accurately be obtained.
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Zairov, Sh, Sh Urinov, A. Tukhtashev i Y. Borovkov. "LABORATORY STUDY OF PARAMETERS OF CONTOUR BLASTING IN THE FORMATION OF SLOPES OF THE SIDES OF THE CAREER". Technical science and innovation 2020, nr 3 (30.09.2020): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51346/tstu-01.20.3-77-0078.
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Explored theoretically the interaction of explosive charges in the preliminary gap formation in quarries. A methodology has been developed for conducting experimental studies of blast well contour explosions on models, which allows one to investigate crack formation on volumetric models and wave interaction using high-speed video recording of the explosion process in transparent models, as well as determine the parameters of explosion stress waves in samples of real rocks. Theoretical and laboratory researches have established that only the creation of a screening gap for the entire height of the non-working ledge allows you to get a virtually undisturbed array with a high-quality surface of the slope
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Kostenko, Viktor, Olha Bohomaz, Tetiana Kostenko i Andriy Berezovskyi. "MECHANISM OF COAL AEROSOL EXPLOSION DEVELOPMENT IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MINE WORKING". Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 38, nr 2 (2023): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2023.2.10.
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Today there is not enough scientific data on the energy level and the velocity of an explosion in actual mine workings, which have a cross-sectional area larger than experimental mine workings. The objective of the paper is to justify the energy parameters of an explosion in actual mine workings based on the disclosure of the fire front development mechanism when coal dust explodes in an experimental mine working with a limited cross-sectional area. These studies can be the basis for choosing the speed of action and the strength of the means of the localization of dust explosions. The main research method is an experimental and analytical method, based on the analysis of the results of experimental explosions of coal dust in experimental mine workings and theoretical substantiation of the regularities of the development of the velocity and additional energy of the fire front with further extrapolation to the conditions of actual mine workings. It is proposed to supplement the mechanism of explosion development with an idea about the sections of development of explosion dynamics, i.e. initiation, dust explosion, crater, which determine the characteristic parameters of the explosive front velocity: maximum initiating velocity, average velocity, and maximum velocity in a crater. It was established that during methane initiation in the experimental mine working at the boundary between the initiation and dusting zones, there is a situation of a hybrid explosion of a mixture of methane and dust with air, which has its own velocity and energy indicators. A linear dependence of the energy generated during the coal aerosol explosion on the cross-sectional plane of the mine working was established. This makes it possible to use the results of testing the coal from certain deposits in small-scale experimental set-ups to justify the parameters of protective means for the actual mine workings.
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Kukfisz, Bożena, i Robert Piec. "The Fire and Explosion Hazard of Coloured Powders Used during the Holi Festival". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 21 (21.10.2021): 11090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111090.
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During the world-famous Holi festival, people throw and smear each other with a colored powder (Holi color, Holi powder, Gulal powder). Until now, adverse health and environmental effects (skin and eye irritation, air pollution, and respiratory problems) have been described in the available literature. However, the literature lacks data on the flammable and explosive properties of these powders during mass events, despite the fact that burns, fires, and explosions during the Holi festival have taken place many times. The aim of the article is to present the fire and explosion parameters of three currently used Holi dust and cornflour dust types as reference dust. The minimum ignition temperature of the dust layer and dust cloud, the maximum explosion pressure and its maximum rate of growth over time, the lower explosion limit, the limit of oxygen concentration, and the minimum ignition energy were determined. Tests confirmed that the currently available Holi powders should be classified as flammable dusts and low-explosive dusts. The likelihood of a fire or explosion during mass incidents involving a Holi dust-air mixture is high.
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Masaev, Yuri, i Vladislav Masaev. "Evaluation of some parameters of the interaction between detonating explosive charge and environment". E3S Web of Conferences 303 (2021): 01049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130301049.
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Both strain waves, generated by the shock wave, and expanding gaseous products of the explosion contribute to the destruction of the rocks. The role of these factors is especially obvious at explosion of soft and moderately hard rocks. The article considers some aspects of the phenomena accompanying the explosion of the detonating explosive charge on example of the unworked coal.
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Kuracina, Richard, i Zuzana Szabová. "Design of Dust Dispersion System for Explosion Chamber KV-150 M2". European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, nr 12 (12.12.2018): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.12.988.
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Dust explosions are a major hazard in many industrial processes. In operations such as crushing and grinding, conveying, classifying and storage, an explosion may occur in the presence of combustible dusts or powders. Such explosions can result in loss of production, process equipment and quite possibly human life. This paper is oriented on design of dust dispersion system for explosion chamber KV-150 M2. The explosion chamber KV-150 M2 is designed to measure the explosion parameters of dispersed dusts.
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Kuracina, Richard, i Zuzana Szabová. "Design of Dust Dispersion System for Explosion Chamber KV-150 M2". European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, nr 12 (12.12.2018): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.12.988.
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Dust explosions are a major hazard in many industrial processes. In operations such as crushing and grinding, conveying, classifying and storage, an explosion may occur in the presence of combustible dusts or powders. Such explosions can result in loss of production, process equipment and quite possibly human life. This paper is oriented on design of dust dispersion system for explosion chamber KV-150 M2. The explosion chamber KV-150 M2 is designed to measure the explosion parameters of dispersed dusts.
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Komarov, Alexander Andreevich, Dmitry Aleksandrovich Korolchenko, Nikolay Viktorovich Gromov i Anton Dmitrievich Korolchenko. "Specifics of Explosion-Venting Structures Providing Acceptable Indoor Explosion Loads". Applied Sciences 12, nr 1 (21.12.2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010025.
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This article experimentally and theoretically demonstrates that the presence of blast-relief openings (windows) equipped with explosion-venting structures (EVS) allows explosive pressure to be reduced to a safe level (2–4 kPa). We provide results of model and full-scale experiments aimed at studying the influence of EVS parameters of blast-relief openings in explosion-hazardous buildings on the intensity of explosive loads. It was demonstrated that the maximum explosive-pressure value inside EVS-equipped buildings depends on the EVS start-to-open pressure, the structure’s response rate (lag), and characteristic dimension of the premises. Thus, each particular building requires individual selection of EVS parameters, which provide a safe level of excessive pressure in case of an explosive accident. This aspect, however, prevents the widespread use of EVS at explosion-hazardous sites. This article offers an modest upgrade of the explosion-venting structure that provides an indoor pressure equal to the EVS start-to-open pressure. The suggested innovation excludes the possibility of a significant increase in explosive pressure due to an EVS response delay. The efficiency of the suggested technical upgrade was proven by numerical experiments and indirectly by experimental studies aimed at exploring the physical processes associated with the opening of EVSs after an explosion accident. The use of upgraded EVSs will allow for provision of a known maximum level of the explosion load should an explosion event occur in an EVS-equipped room.
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Perestoronin, M. O., O. S. Parshakov i M. D. Popov. "Parameterization of a ventilation network model for the analysis of mine working emergency ventilation modes". Gornye nauki i tekhnologii = Mining Science and Technology (Russia) 8, nr 2 (18.07.2023): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2022-10-13.
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Digital simulation of mine fires and explosions is an important stage in the process of developing technical solutions and measures aimed at improving the safety of personnel involved in underground mining. Correct simulation results determine the effectiveness of decisions in the event of an actual emergency situation. In this regard, due attention should be paid to each stage of the simulation, and especially to the initial stage of model parameterization. This study formulates a general principle for determining the parameters of mine fire and explosion models, in order to assess their development using the AeroNetwork analytical package. Such parameters in the event of a fire are heat and gas (afterdamp) releases. In the event of an explosion, excessive pressure at the shock front in the explosion origin. It has been established that when simulating a fire, it is advisable to use equivalent heat and gas releases determined by the content of combustible components in the combustion origin. In the event of burning mining equipment, these parameters can be calculated on the basis of the technical characteristics of a machine. Furthermore, when simulating an unauthorized explosion of explosives, the excess pressure determined by the dimensionless length of the active combustion area is calculated taking into account the weight and specific heat of an explosive, as well as the geometric parameters of a mine working. When simulating an explosion of a methane-air mixture (firedamp), the excess pressure is calculated taking into account the gas content of rocks in terms of free combustible gases, the length of a blast cut, the size of the area of increased fracturing, and the lower explosive limit of methane. Based on the proposed principle of the parameterization of emergency models, as an example, a model of fire and explosion development in existing extended dead-end workings (more than 1000 m long) passing coaxially to each other at different heights was developed. The numerical simulation of different emergency situations in workings was carried out, taking into account performing mining in difficult mining conditions.
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Nalboc, Irina, Maria Prodan, Andrei Szollosi-Mota i Sonia Niculina Suvar. "Experimental determination of the lower explosion limit for two gasoline samples". MATEC Web of Conferences 373 (2022): 00009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202237300009.
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The explosive atmosphere may be caused by flammable gases / vapours or combustible dust. If the amount of the substance, mixed with air, is sufficient, then a source of ignition is needed to cause an explosion. Liquids (for example petrol and other fuels) and solvents from industrial products emit flammable vapours which, when mixed with air, can ignite or explode. At normal temperatures, flammable liquids can emit enough vapours to form combustible mixtures with air, heat, and often thick, black, and toxic clouds of smoke. The behaviour of a fuel-oxidant mixture is characterized by certain explosions parameters, including explosion limits, which characterize the range of concentrations in which combustion propagates at very high speeds. For this work were performed experimental determination of the lower explosion limit for two commercial gasoline samples.
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Półka, Marzena. "An Analysis of Flammability and Explosion Parameters of Coke Dust and Use of Preliminary Hazard Analysis for Qualitative Risk Assessment". Sustainability 12, nr 10 (18.05.2020): 4130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104130.
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Appropriate investments are required to achieve sustainable industrial development and safety conditions at the same time. A sufficient safety level is achieved when research outcomes are deployed in practice. This paper comprises a review of ignitability and explosive parameters and thermogravimetric tests of coke dust selected for the needs of the testing The KSt value of the tested dust was 64.2 bar·m/s, which means that it belongs to explosion hazard class 1 and that it has relatively low explosive abilities. The maximum explosion pressure for the tested dust was found to be 6.84 bar, and the minimum ignition temperature of a coke dust layer with a thickness of 50 mm was 400 °C. The use of the Preliminary Hazard Analysis in plants in which coke dust is present allows for limiting the scope of the risk analysis by eliminating elements that are either insignificant or of low significance from the viewpoint of explosion hazard. The adopted method allows qualitative assessment of the risk associated with threats, dangerous situations, and hazardous events that may take place during the use of devices, machines and their systems, and subsystems, including a qualitative evaluation of potential consequences of an accident or possible health loss. Risk assessment for life safety under building fires and explosions plays an important role in performance-based fire and explosion protection design and fire insurance ratemaking. The motivation for this work was the integrated protection of people, process equipment, building resilient infrastructure, promotion of inclusive and sustainable industrialization, business operation, and the natural environment.
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Dusalimov, M. E., I. R. Karimov i I. I. Khasanov. "Evaluation of Explosive Safety Parameters for Stationary Roofs of Vertical Steel Tanks". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, nr 3 (1.02.2022): 032014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/3/032014.
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Abstract The article is devoted to a current problem of the need to increase the explosive safety of tanks. The paper analyzes the causes of explosions in tanks. Constructive solutions of existing stationary tank roofs are analyzed, including with an easily removable sheathing. The required areas of loss of containment of the tank roof are calculated depending on the type of flammable liquid. The dependence of the level of filling the oil product in the tank on the excess pressure during the explosion has been determined. Criteria and requirements have been developed for fixed roofs with easily removable sheathing.
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Zhi-yuan, Mao, Duan Chao-wei, Hu Hong-wei, Feng Hai-yun i Song Pu. "Review of Evaluation Methods of Underwater Explosion Power of Explosives". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478, nr 3 (1.06.2023): 032018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/3/032018.
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Abstract Reasonable evaluation of underwater explosion power of explosives is very important for underwater warhead design and other tasks. This paper summarizes the typical experiments of underwater explosion power evaluation, discusses the power characterization methods involved in the tests, and focuses on the explosion bulge test of plate structure and its corresponding dimensionless deflection characterization means. Based on the existing research results, it is proposed to establish a standardized effect target evaluation method, strengthen the research on the relationship between work parameters, explosive detonation parameters and load parameters, and apply the dimensionless deflection method in explosion expansion test to the characterization of underwater explosion power.
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Kovács, Tünde, Bálint Völgyi i István Sikari-Nágl. "Hadfield Steel Hardening by Explosion". Materials Science Forum 792 (sierpień 2014): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.792.93.
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It ́s known that the hardness of the metals changes during the cold working. In this paper we analyzed the Hadfield steel hardness in effect of the explosive treatment. We wanted to find a relationship between the detonation velocity and the hardening in case of two different explosives. Also we wanted to find a relationship between the available hardness and the direct and indirect explosive hardening technology parameters. The explosion technology can be useful in case of optimal explosion parameters. The calculation of these parameters need a many experiments. By this work we want give assistance by our empirical results to find optimal hardening parameters.
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Jankura, Richard, Zuzana Zvaková i Martin Boroš. "ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICAL RELATIONS FOR CALCULATION OF EXPLOSION WAVE OVERPRESSURE". Proceedings of CBU in Natural Sciences and ICT 1 (16.11.2020): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/pns.v1.116.
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The explosion of an explosive system causes primary and secondary effects on people and objects near its site. The most devastating is the pressure effect of the explosion, especially the overpressure. Individual parameters of pressure wave (overpressure size, duration impulse) can be determined by mathematical or virtual modeling or can also be measured under real conditions.
The authors focused on the parameters of the positive phase of the shock wave propagating from the source of the explosion towards the object. The article covers the description and analysis of selected mathematical relations, which are used to determine the magnitude of the explosion overpressure. The results are based on selected formulas. The source of the explosion referred in the study is an explosive system containing a reference explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT). TNT is a military explosive that is used as a reference explosive in technical standards dedicated to the certification of explosion-proof elements, and at the same time, a TNT equivalent is known to allow the mass of an explosive charge to be recalculated.
The results obtained by mathematical modeling according to individual approaches have been compared and the possibilities of using computational models in the area of security management and education of security managers have been identified. The results of the study confirm that prediction of pressure wave parameters at different distances and weights can assist security managers in creating attack scenarios and designing a suitable object protection system.
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Sherzod, Zairov, Khudaiberdiev Oibek, Normatova Muborak Zh. i Nomdorov Rustam. "Developing the methods of controlling dust and gas conditions when blasting high benches in deep pits". Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Gornyi zhurnal, nr 4 (25.06.2020): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2020-4-113-121.
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Research aim is to develop a method of reducing dust and gas emissions concentration at bulk explosions in open pits. Research relevance. When drilling and blasting in open pits, a huge amount of dust and toxic gaseous products is released, and the rate of their formation is affected by the blasting method, the range of explosives used, the method of drilling blast holes, type and sort of stemming, massif water content, rock properties, meteorological conditions, etc. It has been established that in an explosion of 1 kg of explosives, 15% from an average of 900 liters of various gases and gaseous products formed are toxic and dangerous to humans and the environment. To prevent dust and gas emissions, various types of tamping are currently used, which affect not only emissions reduction, but also the efficiency and safety of blasting contributing to the fullest use of explosion energy and increasing the exposure time of the products of explosive 120 "Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal". No. 4. 2020 ISSN 0536-1028 transformation. Despite the significant amount of research and successes achieved in this direction, for deep pits it is necessary to determine the rational parameters of stemming in borehole explosive charges, reduce the formation of toxic gases released in bulk explosions, develop a method of producing an absorption solution capable of neutralizing toxic compounds after an explosion, and develop an effective way to reduce dust and gas emissions in bulk explosions. Research methodology. To solve this problem, integrated research methods were used, including theoretical generalizations and experimental studies in laboratory, testing ground and industrial conditions, methods of mathematical modeling of stemming parameters in borehole explosive charges, methods of mathematical programming using modern computer equipment, as well as methods of mathematical statistics and correlation analysis of research results. Results. Detonation products pressure change in the well has been determined taking into account motion processes of sand and absorbing mixture stemming of various lengths. It has been established that when using stemming made of absorbing mixture, detonation products pressure and escape time are higher compared to sand stemming. The effective stemming length in borehole explosive charges has been established depending on well pressure fall time and stemming length in different sections of the well. Mathematical modeling of stemming parameters in the explosion of borehole explosive charges established the change in pressure in the blast chamber as a function of stemming time and length during its escape from the well, as well as the of stemming escape duration and expiration of detonation products during emulsion explosive blast depending on stemming length. A method has been developed of dust and gas atmospheric pollution parameters determination during the production of bulk explosions in deep pits, An absorption mixture has been developed, which makes it possible to intensify the process of dust deposition above the explosion site and reduce pollution of the surrounding quarry, which favorably affects the environmental situation in the mining region. A method has been developed to reduce dust and gas emissions during blasting operations in open pits, which allows to reduce the concentration of dust and gas clouds formed. Scope of the results. A method of suppressing dust and gas emissions has been introduced at the Muruntau open pit of the Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combinat. As a result, the process of dust deposition above the explosion site has been intensified, pollution of the surrounding open pit area has been reduced, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide has been reduced by 30.1%, carbon monoxide by 28.6% and sulfur dioxide by 20.5%. The results can be used in quarries where rock crushing is carried out using a blasting method
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Li, Jia Hu, Li Bao Yin i Wei Wu. "Explosive Characteristic of Pulverized Coal Explosion". Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (grudzień 2011): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.201.
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From the point of safe operation for power plant boiler, this paper concludes and analysis the basic conditions of pulverized coal explosion, the basic mechanism of the explosion. And, this paper indicates the influence of pulverized coal explosion and parameters to evaluate the explosive characteristic of pulverized coal.
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Nizhnyk, V. V., O. F. Nikulin, S. V. Pozdeev, D. O. Dobriak, O. I. Moroz i A. I. Kodrik. "Experimental method of evaluation of performance easily disposable construction". Geo-Technical mechanics, nr 152 (2020): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/geotm2020.152.127.
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This article presents the current state of affairs in cases of explosions in Ukraine and preventive measures to protect against them. The relevance of studies on the substantiation of the methodology for calculating the parameters of easily disposable structures for explosive and fire hazardous premises has been determined. The analysis of domestic and foreign regulatory documents for the design and installation of window openings in buildings for various purposes is carried out. The permissible values of the overpressure of the explosion, which does not cause significant damage to building structures and is safe for people, are considered. The subject of the study is the effect of the amount of gas on the design parameters of the research stand for the experimental evaluation of easily disposable structures. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the design and the main technical parameters of the research stand for assessing the performance of easily sisposable structures. The essence of the proposed research method is to create an excess pressure from the explosion of a mixture of propane-butane with air in the working volume and to study the effect of this excess pressure of the explosion on a prototype of an easily disposable structure. An experimental stand for studying the processes of the influence of the magnitude of the overpressure of an explosion in a confined space on the design parameters of easily disposable structures is simple in design, provides an imitation of a part of a building (structure) fragment and makes it possible to study the possibility of using certain building materials with different geometric parameters as easily disposable structures, which, in turn, allows the researcher to obtain more reliable data for analysis. The existing experimental methods for evaluating the parameters of easily disposable structures are analyzed. The dimensions of the research stand and the parameters of its enclosing structures, the critical values of the overpressure of the explosion, which the stand should create, and the minimum amount of gas, the combustion of which will provide the necessary overpressure of the explosion in the stand, are substantiated. A fundamentally new stand for the experimental evaluation of the parameters of easily disposable structures, a program and experimental research methodology have been developed.
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Kuracina, Richard, Zuzana Szabová, Eva Buranská, Alica Pastierová, Peter Gogola i Ivan Buranský. "Determination of Fire Parameters of Polyamide 12 Powder for Additive Technologies". Polymers 13, nr 17 (6.09.2021): 3014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13173014.
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The use of additive technologies keeps growing. Increasingly, flammable powder materials are also used in additive technologies, and there is a risk of explosion or fire when using them. The current article deals with the determination of fire parameters of a powder sample of polyamide Sinterit PA12 Smoth in accordance with the EN 14034 and EN ISO/IEC 80079-20-2 standards. For that purpose, a sample at a median size of 27.5 µm and a humidity of 0% wt. was used. The measurements showed that the maximum explosion pressure of the PA12 polyamide sample was 6.78 bar and the value of the explosion constant Kst was 112.2 bar·m·s−1. It was not possible to determine the MIT value of the settled dust, since the melting point of polyamide sample is low. The MIT of the dispersed dust was 450 °C. Based on the measured results, it can be stated that the powdered polyamide PA12 poses a risk in terms of explosions and fires. Therefore, when using polyamide PA12 in additive technologies, it is necessary to ensure an effective explosion prevention.
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Umarov, Farxod, Utkir Nasirov, Sherzod Zairov, Zokirkhodja Ishankhodjaev, Maqsud Mekhmonov i Asliddin Fatkhiddinov. "Investigation of the patterns of collapse formation and determination of optimal parameters of the retaining wall during mass explosions at quarries". E3S Web of Conferences 417 (2023): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341701011.
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The paper describes methods developed to determine the change in the width and height of the collapse of blasted rocks, as well as the width and height of the retaining wall during the explosion of borehole charges using emulsion explosives depending on the parameters that determine the energy characteristics of emulsion explosives. It gives the details of the physical and mechanical properties of rocks and the parameters of the explosive block, a mathematical model describing the action of an explosion of a borehole explosive charge in an array, on the basis of which the kinematic parameters of rock expansion are determined.
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Voyles, Jonathan R., Monique M. Holt, J. Mark Hale, Keith D. Koper, Relu Burlacu i Derrick J. A. Chambers. "A New Catalog of Explosion Source Parameters in the Utah Region with Application to ML–MC‐Based Depth Discrimination at Local Distances". Seismological Research Letters 91, nr 1 (6.11.2019): 222–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190185.
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Abstract A catalog of explosion source parameters is valuable for testing methods of source classification in seismically active regions. We develop a manually reviewed catalog of explosions in the Utah region for 1 October 2012 to 30 June 2018 and use it to assess a newly proposed, magnitude‐based depth discriminant. Within the Utah region we define 26 event clusters that are primarily associated with mine blasts but also include explosions from weapons testing and disposal. The catalog refinement process consists of confirming the explosion source labels, revising the local (ML) and coda duration (MC) magnitudes, and relocating the hypocenters. The primary features used to determine source labels are waveform characteristics such as frequency content, the proximity of the preliminary epicenter to a permitted blast region, the time of day, and prior notification from mine operators. We reviewed 2199 seismic events of which 1545 are explosions, 459 are local earthquakes, and 195 are other event types. Of the reviewed events, 127 (5.8%) were reclassified with new labels. Over 74% of the reviewed explosions have both ML and MC, a sizable improvement over the unreviewed catalog (65%). The mean ML–MC value for the new explosion catalog is −0.196±0.017 (95% confidence interval) compared with a previously determined value of 0.048±0.008 for naturally occurring earthquakes in the Utah region. The shallow depths of the explosions lead to enhanced coda production, which in turn leads to anomalously large MC values. This finding confirms that ML–MC is a useful metric for discriminating explosions from deeper tectonic earthquakes in Utah. However, there is significant variation in ML–MC among the 26 explosion source regions, suggesting that ML–MC observations should be combined with other classification metrics to achieve the best performance in distinguishing explosions from earthquakes.
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Ma, Xuejiao, Deren Kong i Yucheng Shi. "Measurement and Analysis of Shock Wave Pressure in Moving Charge and Stationary Charge Explosions". Sensors 22, nr 17 (31.08.2022): 6582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176582.
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Shock wave pressure is one of the most important parameters in an explosion. However, there have been few experimental and analytical investigations of moving charge explosions. In this article, we present an experimental method to measure the shock wave pressure from a moving charge explosion. Tests of stationary charges and moving charges with speeds of 580 m/s, 703 m/s and 717 m/s were carried out. The shock wave pressure curves and parameters at different measurement points were obtained and analyzed. The theoretical calculation of the shock wave overpressure was studied and compared with the experimental result. The differences between the stationary charge and moving charge explosions were investigated. The results showed that the shock wave pressure distribution of a moving charge had strong directionality. The shock wave pressure parameters (including overpressure, arrival time, duration and impulse) were influenced by the charge’s moving velocity, direction angle and distance from the blast point. The shock wave overpressure value was greater than that of a stationary charge explosion at angles between 0° and 90°. The correlation model based on the velocity vector superposition method could describe the relationship of overpressure between the stationary charge and moving charge explosions.
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Komarov, Alexander, i Nikolay Gromov. "Experimental observation of visible flame propagation rate in accidental deflagration explosions and explosive load reduction". MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825102024.
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The article reveals the results of experimental studies of the impact exerted by an accidental explosion scenario on the visible flame propagation rate. The numerical value of the visible flame propagation rate defines the parameters of the explosive load accompanying an accidental explosion. The conducted experimental studies were used for justification of recommendations aimed at reduction of potential explosive loads during accidental events.
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Ning, He, i Zhang Qi. "Multi-Phase Explosion Detonation and JWL EOS Parameters Numerical Calculation". Advanced Materials Research 378-379 (październik 2011): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.378-379.60.
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According to the chemical balance and the minimum free energy principle calculate explosive products and Detonation parameters, and then BKW equation was utilized to calculate JWL EOS parameters. Visualization software of Detonation and JWL EOS parameters was development, which was provided with favorable user interface. The calculation results and experimental data were basically consistent. The paper solved the bottleneck problems regarding the technology of numerical simulation of dynamic response and damage effect of Multi-phase explosion of explosive hazard sources.
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Katanov, Igor. "The Change of the Spatial Parameters of the Destruction of the Rock mass by Borehole Charge with Low-Density Tamping". E3S Web of Conferences 41 (2018): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184101018.
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Explosive destruction of the rock formation is substantiated by several theories developed by well-known scientists. The improvement of quality of preparation of rock mass to excavation, by an excavator without an increase in the value of specific consumption of explosives is important in the present time. Traditionally, to increase the impact time of detonation products on the rock hard tamping was used. The problem is in the rational redistribution of the explosion energy due to the use of a borehole charge, and in particular, in the tamping of low-density, porous materials. The more intensive attenuation of the mass velocity of particles in the material of such tamping in comparison with the mass velocity of the rock mass particles contributes to the well channel compression and increases the impact time of detonation products on the rock mass. As a result of redistribution of energy of detonation products, the specific impulse of explosion increases. The value of the radius of the controlled crushing zone increases by more than 1.6 times. The results of industrial explosions in coal mines have confirmed the theoretical reasoning.
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Han, Olena, Viktor Boiko, Viktor Kravets i Anatolii Han. "FORMATION OF PARAMETERS OF FOAMED EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES FOR SEALING SOILS". ScienceRise, nr 5 (31.10.2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2020.001430.
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Significant growth rates of construction require large areas prepared in advance. Given the complexity and large scale of construction on subsidence soils, an important issue remains their compaction. On the article, on the parameters of the explosion momentum of TNT-free explosive compositions based on ammonium nitrate (AN) and after ultrasonic treatment of ammonium nitrate were analytically investigated, and their comparison with ammonite №6 and igdanite was also compared. The principles of explosive pulse control by regulating the content and density of explosives due to ultrasonic radiation and foaming of low-density explosive mixtures have been developed and substantiated. Set the minimum value of the peak pressure at the interface "detonation product - environment" from time for foamed explosives after treatment with ultrasonic radiation.
The object of research: Reclamation works and construction. Management of compaction of subsidence and flooded soils by directed action of explosive systems.
Investigated problem: Taking into account that the method of compaction of subsiding loess soils with the energy of explosion is used in built-up areas, of particular importance is the control of the explosive pulse through the regulation of the content and density of explosives by ultrasonic radiation and foaming of low-density explosive mixtures this is done to ensure the required degree of compaction of the subsidence of the soil mass and to reduce the harmful seismic impact on the surrounding structures.
The main scientific results: The dependence of the duration of the explosive pulse growth on the charge radius for different types of low-density explosives has been established, which indicates that the longest growth time of the explosive pulse is observed for charges based on foamed explosives, both conventional and ultrasonic treated. The dependences of the degree of soil compaction during the explosion of overhead charges of different types of explosives in the polymer housing on the specific costs of explosives are obtained. The research results allow to develop technological methods of controlling the parameters of the explosive pulse by using explosive density, which provides the opportunity to increase the efficiency of explosive energy to maintain the required degree of compaction of subsidence loess soils to a certain depth while seismic protection.
The area of practical use of the research results: the use of this type of compaction of unstable soil is possible in the construction industry, in the mining industry and in the military.
Innovative technological product: the methods of compaction of unstable soil with the energy of the explosion work when changing the parameters of the pulse, which will minimize the loss of energy in the blasting zone and increase the range of a single charge.
Scope of the innovative technological product: the application of this method is possible: for compaction of unstable soil before construction, for soil compaction of runways at field airfields, for demining.
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Mitu, Maria, Codina Movileanu i Venera Giurcan. "Dynamics of Pressure Evolution during Gaseous Ethane–Air Mixture Explosions in Enclosures: A Review". Energies 15, nr 19 (20.09.2022): 6879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196879.
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The study here presents data from the literature regarding the characteristic parameters of explosion propagation in gaseous ethane–air mixtures. The maximum explosion pressures, maximum explosion times, maximum rates of pressure increase, and deflagration indices from experimental measurements are discussed and analyzed against the initial pressure, initial temperature, and equivalence ratio, as well as the explosion vessel characteristics. Ethane is used for ethylene production, as a refrigerant in cryogenic systems, as an alternative clean fuel in the power generation industry and automotive propulsion, and for many other applications. Therefore, the explosion characteristics of its mixtures with air are of great interest for explosions occurring after accidentally forming flammable mixtures, as well as for the prediction of combustors’ performances and/or engines that work in different conditions.
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Casas Herrera, Elkin, Astrid Blandón Montes i Jorge Martin Molina-Escobar. "Evaluation of parameters to determine the degree of coal dust explosibility". Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra, nr 36 (1.07.2014): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rbct.n36.46203.
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Coal dust is highly explosive and caused dozens of victims in Colombia. In this research the most important and direct influence on coal dust, especially those that cause combustion and explosion inside the mine factors were analyzed; is important to discuss the characteristics of each coal mined and processed, for actions that do not compromise the integrity of the staff or facilities. Four (4) channel samples of coal exploitation faces with High Volatile Bituminous C from Cerrejón Formation were collected and analyzed: Proximal (moisture, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, total sulfur and calorific value ); petrographic (maceral counting and vitrinite reflectance) and Hardgrove mill index. The samples were crushed to obtain fractions corresponding to meshes 200, 270 and 325 considering those sizes could give greater risks of explosion.The analysis showed that there is a direct relationship between the results of the Hardgrove mill index and the degree of explosiveness in the fraction corresponding to 200 mesh, meaning that a higher rate of milling the greater the degree of explosiveness; a direct relationship between calorific inertinite content range and also observed. The 325 mesh fraction for all samples showed the same degree of explosiveness, which indicates that the grain size and the type of coal maceral not influence the content and coal rank. The flash point decreased for finer grains for all samples. Thus, the size of carbon particle is very important as an indicator in the coal-dust explosion factor: finer particles have greater the likelihood of explosion. The percentage of inertinites has a close relationship with the explosivity index, the higher the content of this maceral, coupled with the fine grain, coal dust behaves like a highly explosive element and generate risks in mining operations.Coal rank is an important factor regard to self combustion and explosion of particles with grain sizes greater 200 mesh. If a low rank coal has susceptible and unstable at high temperature elements and this is combined with high volatile matter and some other influential environmental parameters, such as blow air, dust concentration, humidity, and pressure, among others, the ideal combustion and then a likely violent explosion may affect a large portion of mine.
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Kukfisz, Bożena, Adriana Dowbysz, Mariola Samsonowicz, Dorota Markowska i Andrzej Maranda. "Comparative Analysis of Fire and Explosion Properties of Lycopodium Powder". Energies 16, nr 17 (22.08.2023): 6121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16176121.
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Lycopodium (L.) clavatum powder, due to its uniform particle size distribution and low equilibrium moisture content, is often used as a reference material and a calibration benchmark for dust combustion and dust explosion studies. The aim of the study was to determine its fire and explosion parameters, compare them to values obtained in the previous literature findings, and assess the appropriateness of using lycopodium powder as a reference material. The research included the determination of minimum ignition temperatures of dust layer and dust clouds, spontaneous ignition behavior, and explosion characteristics of dust clouds including maximum explosion pressure, maximum rate of explosion pressure rise, and the lower explosion limit of the air/dust mixture. The results reveal that the maximum equipment temperature used with lycopodium dust should not exceed 215 °C for dust thickness up to 5 mm. In order to eliminate the risk of lycopodium dust ignition, the temperature of the equipment surfaces that can come into contact with the dust cloud should not exceed 300 °C. In order to prevent explosions, the concentration of lycopodium dust in air should not be greater than 15 g/m3. Based on the obtained results, it can be seen that lycopodium fire and explosion parameters vary slightly, and its usage as a benchmark is considered legitimate.
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TETERIN, I. A. "Uncertainties in calculating the parameters of a gas-air cloud explosion during an emergency release of liquefied natural gas in open space". Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination 1 (2023): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25257/fe.2023.1.44-50.
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Purpose. Increasing production of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the Russian Federation raise the risk of the accidental LNG releases. To prevent the negative consequences of a possible gas-air cloud explosion during LNG release, it is necessary to predict probable emergency scenarios. Regulatory documents for determining fire risk make it possible to define the likely consequences of an explosion of liquefied hydrocarbon gases (LPG) vapor clouds, however the application of calculation methods for LNG requires additional analysis. Methods. The analysis of methods for calculating the parameters of a gas-air cloud explosion in an open space is carried out, the consequences of real gas-air clouds explosions during the emergency LNG release are analyzed. Findings. The analysis of the methods has showed the main uncertainties in predicting the parameters of LNG vapor cloud explosion. Propagation features of LNG vapor cloud, the influence of various gases that are part of LNG are not taken into account. Research application field. The results obtained will allow improving the method for calculating the pressure of the gas-air clouds explosion during the emergency LNG release. Conclusions. The analysis of the real accident with LNG release has showed that the calculated pressures obtained on the basis of the methods are incomparable with the explosion consequences. The further direction for improving the methodology of calculating the explosion pressure of gas-air clouds during the emergency LNG release is determined. To improve the methodology it is necessary to determine the effect of combustible gases, which are part of LNG, on the parameters of the explosion, and also take into account the effect of low temperatures of LNG vapor cloud.
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Strelets, Ksenia I., Mikhail B. Kitain i Marina V. Petrochenko. "Welding Spark Parameters Determination for Cyclone Removal Calculation". Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (czerwiec 2014): 2098–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.2098.
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Many factors have an essential impact on the air purification efficiency. Very important for a lot of industries is to choose right air purification system. Especially important is to take into account manufacturing including generation of combustible and explosive dust. One of the way to prevent possibilities of fire and explosion is using reverse flow cyclone as a pre-cleaning system. In the article the efficiency of such precleaner is showed and experimentally proved.
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Maler, D., M. Liverts, S. Efimov, A. Virozub i Ya E. Krasik. "Addressing the critical parameters for overdamped underwater electrical explosion of wire". Physics of Plasmas 29, nr 10 (październik 2022): 102703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0118003.
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Experimental and magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulation results and analysis of a μs- and sub- μs-timescale overdamped underwater electrical explosion of copper wires having different lengths and diameters are presented. For these explosions, ∼80% of the energy stored in the pulse generator is deposited into the wire during a time comparable or shorter than a quarter period of the underdamped discharge. It was found that the threshold values of the deposited energy density, energy density rate, and energy density per unit area, which satisfy overdamped discharge, depend on the wire parameters and on the timescale of the explosion. It was shown that the mechanism responsible for this is the process during which the wire experiences phase transitions to a low-ionized plasma, the resistivity of which is determined by the electron–neutral collision rate, which, in turn, depends on the wire radial expansion velocity, current density, and temperature.
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Wang, Kan, Yang Liu, Hao Wang, Xiaolei Liu, Yu Jiao i Yujian Wu. "Dynamic Process and Damage Evaluation Subject to Explosion Consequences Resulting from a LPG Tank Trailer Accident". Processes 11, nr 5 (16.05.2023): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11051514.
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The involvement of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is highly combustible and explosive, greatly increases risk in road transport. A 3D numerical model was conducted in FLACS, which depicts the dynamic process and variation of combined effects along the multi-directions of LPG explosion under an actual case. With the simulation of scenarios, power-law explosion and fireball models were used to reproduce the results, and the dynamic evolution of specific parameters during the LPG explosion process was analyzed. The results reveal that the LPG explosion’s expansion around the expressway moved along the spaces between obstacles, while conditions at the site of the accident had an enhancement effect on LPG/air mixture accumulation. The propagation trajectory of the shock wave in the horizontal direction presented a regular circle within 623.73 ms, and the overpressure was enough to lead to extensive damage to surrounding structures. Further, shock wave-driven overpressure brought hazards to buildings further afield with multiple peak values. The influence of the LPG explosive fireball evolution is significantly reflected in the injury range of the heat flux; the maximum diameter of the on-site fireball eventually extended to 148.19 m. In addition, the physical effect indicated that the turbulence intensity induced by the surrounding buildings in the accident site significantly promoted the interaction between the shock wave and flame propagation. This research proposes a detailed analysis of damage coupling characteristics caused by an LPG tank trailer explosion integrated with a FLACS-mirrored model, which are useful for blast-resistant design and disposal planning under similar accidental circumstances.
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Pang, Lei, Jiaojiao Cao, Ran Ma, Yu Zhao i Kai Yang. "Risk assessment method of polyethylene dust explosion based on explosion parameters". Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 69 (marzec 2021): 104397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2021.104397.
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Turkevich, Leonid A., Ashok G. Dastidar, Zachary Hachmeister i Michael Lim. "Potential explosion hazard of carbonaceous nanoparticles: Explosion parameters of selected materials". Journal of Hazardous Materials 295 (wrzesień 2015): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.03.069.
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Gogilashvili, Mariam, Jeremiah W. Murphy i Quintin Mabanta. "Explosion energies for core-collapse supernovae I: analytic, spherically symmetric solutions". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 500, nr 4 (13.11.2020): 5393–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3546.
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ABSTRACT Recent multidimensional simulations of core-collapse supernovae are producing successful explosions and explosion-energy predictions. In general, the explosion-energy evolution is monotonic and relatively smooth, suggesting a possible analytic solution. We derive analytic solutions for the expansion of the gain region under the following assumptions: spherical symmetry, one-zone shell, and powered by neutrinos and α particle recombination. We consider two hypotheses: (I) explosion energy is powered by neutrinos and α recombination and (II) explosion energy is powered by neutrinos alone. Under these assumptions, we derive the fundamental dimensionless parameters and analytic scalings. For the neutrino-only hypothesis (II), the asymptotic explosion energy scales as $E_{\infty } \approx 1.5 M_\mathrm{ g}\nu _0^2 \eta ^{2/3}$, where Mg is the gain mass, $\nu _0$ is the free-fall velocity at the shock, and η is a ratio of the heating and dynamical time-scales. Including both neutrinos and recombination (hypothesis I), the asymptotic explosion energy is $E_{\infty } \approx M_g \nu _0^2 (1.5\eta ^{2/3} + \beta f(\rho _0))$, where β is the dimensionless recombination parameter. We use Bayesian inference to fit these analytic models to simulations. Both hypotheses fit the simulations of the lowest progenitor masses that tend to explode spherically. The fits do not prefer hypothesis I or II; however, prior investigations suggest that α recombination is important. As expected, neither hypothesis fits the higher mass simulations that exhibit aspherical explosions. In summary, this explosion energy theory is consistent with the spherical explosions of low progenitor masses; the inconsistency with higher progenitor-mass simulations suggests that a theory for them must include aspherical dynamics.
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Kim, Sang Ho, Seong-Wan Hong i Rae-Joon Park. "Analysis of Steam Explosion under Conditions of Partially Flooded Cavity and Submerged Reactor Vessel". Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2018 (5.07.2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3106039.
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A steam explosion in a reactor cavity makes a mechanical load of the pressure pulse, which can result in a failure of the containment isolation. To prove the integrity of the containment during the ex-vessel steam explosion, the effects of water conditions on a steam explosion have to be identified, and the impulse of a steam explosion has to be exactly assessed. In this study, the analyses for steam explosions were performed for the conditions of a partially flooded cavity and a submerged-vessel in a pressurized water reactor. The entry velocity of a corium jet for the scale of the test facility was varied to simulate the two plant conditions. The TEXAS-V code was used for simulating the phases of premixing and explosion, and the load of a steam explosion was estimated based on the pressure variation. The impulse of a steam explosion under the condition of a corium jet falling into water without a free-fall height is bigger than that under a free-fall height. The fragmented mass of corium in an explosion phase and the distribution of steam fraction are the main parameters for the total load of the steam explosion. This study is expected to contribute to analyses of a steam explosion for a severe accident management strategy.
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Remez, N., A. Dychko, Y. Besarabets, S. Kraychuk, N. Ostapchuk i L. Yevtieieva. "Impact Modelling of Explosion of Mixture Explosive Charges on the Environment". Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 56, nr 3 (1.06.2019): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2019-0018.
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Abstract The present paper provides the modelling of the explosion of the charges of the traditional (trotyl) and new blended explosive substances: polymix GR1/8 (74 %) + KRUK2 (26 %), compolite GS6, polymix GR4-T10. As a result of the research, it has been established that when using TNT a specific impulse is formed, which is by 40 % more than an explosion of new mixed explosives, and the safe distance from the source of the explosion of such explosives is increased by 25 %–50 %. On the basis of the established dependences of excess pressure, the specific impulse on the type and mass of charge, as well as the distance from the epicenter of the explosion, an engineering method has been developed for calculating dangerous parameters of the explosion impact on the environment.
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Liu, Lei, Hanglong Wang, Xu Guang Wang i Guo Hua Wang. "Experimental Equipment Study on Compression Resistance Performance of Explosives". Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (maj 2012): 562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.562.
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Abstract:the domestic and foreign explosive workers who have carried on the massive research work on compression resistance performance of explosives, developed a series of experimental equipment which mostly limits to the qualitative study stage. Through design proposal optimization, explosion temperature，heat of the explosion theoretical calculation as well as the experimental equipment various parts parameter computations, the stress examination had determined finally quite reasonable parameters. This paper eventually developed a set of device which are reusable, less consumable, easy operation. The practice identified the method is an effective to test compression resistance of explosive.
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Lin, Tzu-Hao, Sheng-Yi Lin, Kuang-Hua Hsueh, Mei-Li You i Chi-Min Shu. "Dust explosion parameters of polyester resin". Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 127, nr 1 (19.08.2016): 1037–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5776-0.
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Tkachenko, S. I., V. S. Vorob’ev i S. P. Malyshenko. "Parameters of wires during electric explosion". Applied Physics Letters 82, nr 23 (9.06.2003): 4047–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1580996.
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Mitu, Maria, i Elisabeth Brandes. "Explosion parameters of methanol–air mixtures". Fuel 158 (październik 2015): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.05.024.
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