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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Expert work”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 8 lutego 2022

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1

Berleant, Daniel. "Engineering “word experts” for word disambiguation". Natural Language Engineering 1, nr 4 (grudzień 1995): 339–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324900000255.

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AbstractEvery word in the lexicon of a natural language is used distinctly from all the other words. A word expert is a small expert system-like module for processing a particular word based on other words in its vicinity. A word expert exploits the idiosyncratic nature of a word by using a set of context testing decision rules that test the identity and placement of context words to infer the word's role in the passage.The main application of word experts is disambiguating words. Work on word experts has never fully recognized previous related work, and a comprehensive review of that work would therefore contribute to the field. This paper both provides such a review, and describes guidelines and considerations useful in the design and construction of word expert based systems.

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Felföldi, János. "Work Organisation Supported by an Expert System in Agriculture". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, nr 1 (4.12.2001): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/3612.

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Expert systems are softwares that incorporate the experience of an expert and support decision makers by leading them through the thinking processes of an expert in the form of „if…then” rules. To use an expert system we have to work with knowledge expressed in a pre-determined form. To do so, we used a shell that can be purchased, and we acquired knowledge about the topic from experts through interviews and personal monitoring. Attributes that are non-measurable, such as many of the factors determining work-place organisation and revealing knowledge related to it, can be formed into words by using expert systems. The goal of the study was to present a suggested form of expert system model to help judge the level of work-place organisation.

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Denton, Sally-Ann. "Witness an expert at work". Nursing Standard 24, nr 15 (16.12.2009): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2009.12.24.15.62.p4309.

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Denton, Sally-Ann. "Witness an expert at work". Nursing Standard 24, nr 17 (5.01.2010): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.24.17.62.s62.

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Kertész, Imre. "Human factors in expert work". Forensic Science International 46, nr 1-2 (maj 1990): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(90)90127-k.

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George, Molly. "Interactions in Expert Service Work". Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 37, nr 1 (luty 2008): 108–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241607309498.

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van Rijswoud, Erwin. "Shifting Expert Configurations and the Public Credibility of Science: Boundary Work and Identity Work of Hydraulic Engineers (1980–2009)". Science in Context 27, nr 3 (28.07.2014): 531–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889714000179.

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ArgumentIn the Netherlands, a country of water, dikes, and dams, the role of civil engineering in policy making and public debates over flood safety have changed over the last four decades. This had not just implied that new directions in flood safety policy were considered by politics, but also that engineering experts traditionally working in this area found their credibility challenged by competing expertises. I will argue that in responding to those challenges, experts combined boundary work (upholding boundaries between science and non-science, or between different fields of expertise) with identity work, in which the planning of actions and learning from experience are informed by the identity of oneself as an expert. The views of experts on the boundary zone of science, policy, and public debate, and the role and skills one attributes to oneself, are regarded as important aspects of that identity work. On the basis of biographical-narrative research, this will show that although the four experts studied here belong to a specific generation of engineers, experiencing common challenges and developments in their field of work, the combination of identity work and boundary work results in specific roles and responses for each individual expert.

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Demakis, George J. "The Expert Forensic Neuropsychologist at Work". Clinical Neuropsychologist 23, nr 1 (styczeń 2009): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854040802110037.

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Wright, Jayne, i Jan Draper. "Work-based learning expert gerontological practice". Nursing Older People 14, nr 4 (czerwiec 2002): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nop.14.4.34.s13.

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Tory, M., i T. Moller. "Evaluating visualizations: do expert reviews work?" IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 25, nr 5 (wrzesień 2005): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2005.102.

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IMAMURA, Masaki, i Hiroyuki HAMADA. "Work analysis of Expert and Non-Expert in the groove processing". Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2018 (2018): J2010403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2018.j2010403.

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W, Yunanri, Doddy Teguh Yuwono i Ika Safitri Windarti. "SYSTEMATIC OF EXPERT SYSTEM BASE ON SOFTWARE AND CALCULATION METHOD". Jurnal Informatika, Teknologi dan Sains 2, nr 1 (20.02.2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.51401/jinteks.v2i1.552.

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The expert system is a system that seeks to adopt human knowledge into technology, so that technology can solve problems as is usually done by experts. A good expert system is designed to solve a particular problem by imitating the work of the experts. With expert systems, the layman can solve quite complicated problems, because in fact the problem can only be solved with the help of experts. For experts, the expert system will also assist its activities as a highly experienced assistant. Currently there are many studies that raise cases about expert systems. This study aims to create systematic on expert systems based on a collection of expert system cases and classify them based on the tools used, implementation types and frequently used methods.

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Becker, Bidtah N. "The Lawyer’s Guidebook for the Expert Witness in Natural Resources Litigation". Public Historian 37, nr 1 (1.02.2015): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2015.37.1.95.

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This essay provides an attorney’s view of working with expert witnesses preparing for and eventually testifying at trials concerning natural resources and environmental matters. Set against the backdrop of the Navajo Nation and the litigation realities it faces, the essay is an insider’s view of trial work and what the expert should expect from lawyers and the courts and what the lawyers and courts expect from the expert witness. Although the emphasis is as a practical guide for those interested in expert work, it also provides commentary on the ongoing conversation between the legal community and the history academy over the appropriateness of the legal community’s role as historians.

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Esen, Hatice, Tuğçen Hatipoğlu, Ahmet Cihan i Nilgün Fiğlali. "Expert system application for prioritizing preventive actions for shift work: shift expert". International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 25, nr 1 (19.09.2017): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2017.1350392.

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Ashley, David B., i Raymond E. Levitt. "Expert Systems in Construction: Work in Progress". Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 1, nr 4 (październik 1987): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3801(1987)1:4(303).

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MacAlister, Lynn I. "Can doctors' work really be expert nursing?" British Journal of Nursing 8, nr 12 (czerwiec 1999): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.1999.8.12.6567.

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Bilevičiūtė, Eglė, Romualdas Drakšas, Vidmantas Egidijus Kurapka i Matulienė Snieguolė. "Problems of Work Organization in Expert Institutions". Journal of International Studies 9, nr 3 (listopad 2016): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2016/9-3/19.

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Granjou, Céline, i Isabelle Mauz. "Expert Activities as Part of Research Work". Science & Technology Studies 25, nr 2 (1.01.2012): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55273.

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In a fast-growing body of literature on the science-policy interface, surprisingly few studies have examined the way researchers’ expert and advisory activities are embedded in scientific practice and academic careers. Little attention has been paid to scientists’ points of view on their own expert and advisory activities. Drawing on an empirical survey of biodiversity studies, we focus on scholars’ choices and trajectories in order to document why and how they become involved in this range of activities. Our results show how expert activities and scientific work are co-produced and articulated. A key result is that the nature of expert and advisory activities researchers are involved in, is closely related to the way they consider it possible to generalize ecological knowledge to various fields and networks. We also show that expert and advisory activities can help biodiversity scientists meet some of the requirements weighing on academic work (i.e. securing funds, showing social relevance or obtaining access to the field).

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19

Boynton, Dylan, i Jillian Chown. "Innovation in experts' work: Adoption and diffusion of tasks communities of expert practice". Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, nr 1 (sierpień 2018): 18648. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.18648abstract.

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Chaemsaithong, Krisda. "Accessing Identity through Face Work: A Case Study of Historical Courtroom Discourse". International Review of Pragmatics 3, nr 2 (2011): 242–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187731011x597532.

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AbstractThere are certain areas of study where present-day pragmatics can benefit from history. This study investigates the processes of identity construction and negotiation through face work, using as a case study the historical courtroom in 18th century America. Adopting a social constructionist perspective to identity, the paper proposes that face is inextricably intertwined with identity, as it involves the process in which interlocutors position themselves, through discourse, in social interaction. Drawing upon the framework of self-politeness (Chen 2001), the paper reveals the ways in which an expert identity is constructed and negotiated during a trial where two medical professionals testified as expert witnesses and, at the same time, were challenged by the hostile interrogators. It is found that the experts resorted to two main discursive strategies which enhanced and restored their self-face, namely redressive and off-record, in their struggle for an expert identity, primarily because in the context of cross-examination, such strategies enabled the experts to directly or indirectly voice their response to previous face damaging utterances, instead of being silent on an issue (i.e. the withhold self-face threatening act strategy) or admitting that there was inconsistency in their testimony (i.e. the bald, on-record strategy). Such strategies helped the experts to construct and renew their identity or even resist others' identity ascriptions, enabling them to present themselves in a favourable light as their identity was under constant face threats from the adversarial interlocutors.

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Hazaymeh, Ayman A., Ismail B. Abdullah, Zaid T. Balkhi i Rose I. Ibrahim. "Generalized Fuzzy Soft Expert Set". Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/328195.

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In 2011 Alkhazaleh and Salleh defined the concept of soft expert sets where the user can know the opinion of all the experts in one model and give an application of this concept in decision-making problems. Also, they introduced the concept of the fuzzy soft expert set as a combination between the soft expert set and the fuzzy set. In 2010 Majumdar and Samanta presented the concept of a generalized fuzzy soft sets. The purpose of this paper is to combine the work of Alkhazaleh and Salleh (2011) and Majumdar and Samanta (2010), from which we can obtain a new concept: generalized fuzzy soft expert sets (GFSESs). We also introduce its operations, namely, complement, union intersection, “AND” and “OR”, and study their properties. The generalized fuzzy soft expert sets are used to analyze a decision-making problem. Also in our model the user can know the opinion of all experts in one model. In this work we also introduce the concept of a generalized fuzzy soft expert sets with multiopinions (four opinions), which will be more effective and useful. Finally, we give an application of this concept in decision-making problem.

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Marwan, Hazlina Binti. "IDENTIFYING ELEMENTS OF CAREER MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIES IN WORK BASED LEARNING THROUGH SURVEYS OF EXPERTS". Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, nr 1 (18.04.2019): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i1.660.

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This study aimed to obtain an experts opinion and consensus on the elements of career management competencies that can be mastered by students via Work Based Learning (WBL). The research implemented Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) to obtain the result. Expert questionnaire based on the mapping analysis from the relevant document analysis and expert interviews has been constructed. This questionnaire contains 3 domains with 35 items, and was administered to 16 experts. The experts were selected based on their experiences and expertise in WBL implementation in polytechnic. The results of analysis found that 31 elements in line with the FDM condition, which is the threshold value is less than 0.2, group consensus among the experts is over 75% and the Fuzzy Score exceeds 0.5. It indicates that the experts had reached a strong consensus. Meanwhile, there are 4 elements were dropped due to did not meet the fuzzy score requirements. All elements of competencies were sorted by priority and were refined as recommended by experts. As resulted, this study provided lists of competencies that are crucial for graduate to enable them become a competent and competitive worker.

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Novis Pereira, Giovanna. "The Keenest Condiments: the Spectrum of Experts Across Traditions in Construction Arbitration". Revista Brasileira de Alternative Dispute Resolution 3, nr 5 (czerwiec 2021): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52028/rbadr.v3i5.5.

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This paper will explore the role of expert witnesses in international construction arbitration across legal traditions. The focus will be to highlight the differences between the two types of experts. For the purposes of this paper, we will draw a spectrum with two extreme examples of expert witnesses. On one extreme of the spectrum, there is the expert who makes a living out of expert work and thus is seen to be closer to the client. On the other extreme of the spectrum, there is the expert who is providing an opinion on something that is his or her life’s work, this expert might never have given an expert report before. Both ends of the spectrum are heavily criticized. The goal is to distinguish both sides of the spectrum, considering the aspects of Civil Law and Common Law traditions.

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Marfalino, Hari, Mutiana Pratiwi i Randi. "Children Disease Diagnosis System Using Forward Chaining Method (Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Penyakit Ayam Dengan Menggunakan Metode Forward Chaining)". Jurnal KomtekInfo 6, nr 2 (19.11.2019): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35134/komtekinfo.v6i2.57.

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Expert systems are widely used in various types of fields, one of which is in the field of animal husbandry. The number of chicken farms that appear is not comparable with information and knowledge about raising chickens, so dependence on experts is the only solution in handling chicken disease problems. Expert systems can be a solution to problems that arise in terms of handling chicken disease. Expert systems that are built using the forward chaining method can work like an expert who can deduce the problem from the symptoms given. With the existence of an expert system, dependence on experts is no longer a solution in dealing with the problem of chicken disease, because ordinary people can also provide action like an expert.

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Jain, Rekha. "Expert Systems: A Management Perspective". Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 14, nr 4 (październik 1989): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919890404.

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Expert systems are computer programmes that can reproduce the behaviour of human experts in specific problem domains. In many places, development of expert systems is the major focus of fifth generation software projects. Accordingly, enormous amounts of resources are being spent on work in this field. Expert systems have enjoyed considerable success in many scientific and technological applications but their application in the field of management. is relatively recent. In this article, Rekha Jain presents an overview of expert systems and addresses several issues that will be of interest to managers who are likely to consider using expert systems in their organizations.

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Randáková, Monika. "Expert work on accounting with new scientific procedures". Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 23, nr 1 (1.02.2015): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.aop.466.

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Majid, Norliza Abdul, Zalizan Mohd Jelas, Norzaini Azman i Saemah Rahman. "Communication Skills and Work Motivation Amongst Expert Teachers". Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 7 (2010): 565–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.10.075.

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Tredger, E. R. W., J. T. H. Lo, S. Haria, H. H. K. Lau, N. Bonello, B. Hlavka i C. Scullion. "Bias, guess and expert judgement in actuarial work". British Actuarial Journal 21, nr 3 (wrzesień 2016): 545–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321716000155.

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AbstractExpert judgement is frequently used within general insurance. It tends to be a method of last resort and used where data is sparse, non-existent or non-applicable to the problem under consideration. Whilst such judgements can significantly influence the end results, their quality is highly variable. The use of the term “expert judgement” itself can lend a generous impression of credibility to what may be a little more than a guess. Despite the increased emphasis placed on the importance of robust expert judgements in regulation, actuarial research to date has focussed on the more technical or data-driven methods, with less emphasis on how to use and incorporate softer information or how best to elicit judgements from others in a way that reduces cognitive biases. This paper highlights the research that the Getting Better Judgement Working Party has conducted in this area. Specifically, it covers the variable quality of expert judgement, both within and outside the regulatory context, and presents methods that may be applied to improve its formation. The aim of this paper is to arm the insurance practitioner with tools to distinguish between low-quality and high-quality judgements and improve the robustness of judgements accordingly, particularly for highly material circumstances.

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Faghri, Ardeshir, i Michael J. Demetsky. "Expert System for Traffic Control in Work Zones". Journal of Transportation Engineering 116, nr 6 (listopad 1990): 759–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-947x(1990)116:6(759).

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Masood, Ehsan. "Expert assessments can work if lessons are learned". Nature 490, nr 7419 (październik 2012): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/490145a.

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Allen, Shelley, Tamara Ownsworth, Glenys Carlson i Jenny Strong. "Occupational therapists as expert witnesses on work capacity". Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 57, nr 2 (kwiecień 2010): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.2009.00834.x.

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Miller, Janice, Brian Vivona i Gene Roth. "Work role transitions – expert nurses to novice preceptors". European Journal of Training and Development 41, nr 6 (3.07.2017): 559–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-10-2016-0081.

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Purpose Several issues are reported in the literature regarding the preparation and training of nurses for the preceptor role. The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences, growth and development of nurses transitioning to the preceptor role in allied health contexts. Design/methodology/approach A basic interpretive qualitative research method was used for this study. In total, 20 preceptors who were practicing in a variety of healthcare settings participated in in-depth interviews. Findings The preceptors of this study found meaning through their teaching and learning encounters with novice nurses. Their meaning making led to identity development and new perspectives on both the nursing and preceptor roles. Research limitations/implications This study extends the literature on informal learning and training by focusing on the unique work role of nurse precepting. Conclusions of this study call for additional research that examines other occupational areas in which workers have transitioned from expert to novice again, and how training can enhance these transitions Practical implications Participants described several areas of improvement for preceptorships: additional administrative support, guidelines and standards for preceptor training and preparation and additional time and support for transitioning to the preceptor role Originality/value Work role transition theory was used in this study to examine the preparation and training of preceptors. This study features the voices of nursing preceptors who have experienced changes in their employment status and major shifts in their work roles transitioning from expert to novice to expert again.

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Guo, Ken H. "The Institutionalization of Commercialism in the Accounting Profession: An Identity-Experimentation Perspective". AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 35, nr 3 (1.11.2015): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-51337.

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SUMMARY This paper draws on theories of institutional work, institutional experimentation, and identity work to develop a conceptual framework of identity experimentation in order to better understand the institutionalization of commercialism in the accounting profession. The framework highlights two key collective identity-experimentation strategies by the profession: boundary work (claiming auditor knowledge and traits and redefining auditors as “versatile experts”) and practice work (reinventing audit to create an “expert work” identity and tailor-making expert work to fit the image of supercharged versatile experts). Such identity experimentation moves the accounting profession toward the commercialization of not only auditing practices but, more importantly, the very identity of the auditor and the profession as a whole. Such change is an important issue as it may have profound implications for the profession's roles in the market economy.

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Mironov, N. A., E. A. Maryshev i N. A. Divueva. "CURRENT ISSUES OF INFORMATION SUPPORT OF EXPERT AND ANALYTICAL RESEARCH IN THE SYSTEM OF PREPARING SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DOCUMENTS IN THE INTERESTS OF ENSURING COUNTRY DEFENSE AND SECURITY OF THE STATE". Innovatics and Expert Examination, nr 1(26) (15.03.2019): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35264/1996-2274-2019-1-221-229.

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The article analyzes the issues of information support of expert-analytical studies in the system of preparing scientific and technological documents in the interests of ensuring the country's defense and the security of the state.Recommendations on the use of big data technologies for the preparation of expert-analytical documents, formed by experts of the Federal Roster of Experts of the Scientific and Technological Sphere, on the integration of heterogeneous data using the potential of the expert community of the scientific and technological sphere are proposed.The methodology of the work is the formation, synthesis and systematization of scientific, technological and expert-analytical documents in the interests of ensuring the defense of the country and the security of the state using big data technologies and the scientific potential of experts from the Federal Roster of Scientific and Technological Experts in remote access mode.The results of the work are informational and analytical materials on priority areas of development of the scientific and technological potential of leading foreign countries on military technical security of the state, informational materials for expert and analytical support for the preparation and adoption of decisions on the scientific and technological support of national defense and security.The research results can be used by relevant government departments, leading universities, enterprises of the military-industrial complex during research and development and manufacturing products.

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Ilyushchenko, R. R., i T. V. Osipova. "PROCESSING OF EXPERT ESTIMATES WHEN CONDUCTING AN EXAMINATION OF SCIENTIFIC PROJECTS WITH THE INVOLVEMENT OF EXPERTS OF THE FEDERAL ROSTE". Innovatics and Expert Examination, nr 2(30) (3.12.2020): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35264/1996-2274-2020-2-65-79.

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The article is devoted to the issues of increasing the accuracy of expert assessments when organizing the examination of scientific, technological and innovative projects in the information system of the Federal Roster of Experts. The main methods of processing expert assessments are considered. It is shown that for expert and analytical work performed by the information system of the Federal Register of Experts, the optimal method for processing expert assessments is their averaging within expert groups. The analysis of the rating scales of typical expert questionnaires is carried out, the statistical characteristics of expert assessments are determined. The choice of the best group assessment for typical examination schemes is substantiated, as it is proposed to use the arithmetic mean of private assessments. The criteria for making a decision and the threshold values of expert assessments are considered. A method is proposed for increasing the reliability and accuracy of expert assessments by ranking the estimated indicators according to their degree of significance with the subsequent formation of a private final assessment of the project in the form of a weighted sum.

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Rix, Keith J. B. "When is an expert not an expert? Question time for expert psychiatric witnesses". BJPsych Advances 21, nr 5 (wrzesień 2015): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.115.014464.

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SummaryAlthough medical experts are valued in the administration of justice, the cases in the UK of Meadow and others, including most recently Pool, have all contributed to understandable anxiety on the part of doctors who carry out court work. This article uses an in-depth analysis of these cases and details of some other medical regulatory cases to draw out some lessons for potential medical expert witnesses. Although the most recent judgment in Pool leaves a number of unanswered questions, steps are identified that may be taken to reduce the risk of regulatory investigation by the General Medical Council.

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Maloku, Elda, Osman Jasarevic i Ahmet Maloku. "Assistance of the psychologist expert in the justice bodies to protect minors in Kosovo". EUREKA: Social and Humanities, nr 2 (5.04.2021): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2021.001649.

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This paper reviews the assistance of a psychologist expert in the justice bodies to protect minors in Kosovo. Research data on the study of normative acts (laws and international acts) regarding the role of the expert psychologist have been analyzed since from September 1999 until 2019. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of an expert psychologist, conforming to national and international legal norms in the protection of minors at the police, prosecution and court organs, where the analysis of these legal norms has been used over the years. In the case of looking at the protection of minors the expert psychologist is involved in all stages of criminal and civil proceedings before the competent authorities. The results show that the role of the psychologist expert in justice bodies in Kosovo is based on national and international law, but in this highly sensitive work Kosovo psychologist experts must have their own association to represent their requests as good as possible to the competent authorities and for the delegation of the name of the expert psychologist at the request of the judge. Moreover, it has been found that until now the determination of the expert psychologist hired has been made with the will of the judge. This paper contributes to existing scientific literature, especially in the fields of criminology, victimology and forensic psychology. Moreover, this paper is likely to contribute to the work of the Association of Psychological Experts, the Victims' Association and in the work of various minors’ protection associations

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Cohen, Joseph, i H. Harvey Cohen. "A Case Study in Forensics, Macroergonomics, and Work-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries in Call Center Work". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, nr 9 (wrzesień 2005): 854–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900903.

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This case study describes a personal injury case and expert opinions expressed by a HF/E expert concerning work-related musculoskeletal injuries sustained by a 43 year-old female call center service representative. The circumstances surrounding this case are unusual as it involves a suit brought against an employer by an employee in the State of California, a physically adequate workstation design, and a cumulative rather than acute injury. The HE/E expert examined the deposition testimony, interview data and reviewed the literature as part of his analysis and concluded that the scientific literature establishes a link between the known organizational stress factors existing at the defendant's workplace and symptoms of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Furthermore, the defendant's ergonomics safety program was deficient in proactively dealing with the plaintiff's injuries. The HF/E expert's analysis and testimony ultimately proved important in establishing liability on the part of the defendant.

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Weiss, David J., i James Shanteau. "Decloaking the privileged expert". Journal of Management & Organization 18, nr 3 (maj 2012): 300–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s183336720000081x.

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AbstractWhen seeking help or advice, one naturally wishes to get that aid from someone who does the task well, from an expert. Determining whether someone merits that label is not trivial, and the judgment can have important consequences. Experts in most domains, from athletes to plumbers, need to exhibit a high level of performance to maintain their status. But there is another group of professionals that is never examined. The expert status of such experts is conferred via criteria such as education or experience. While their credentials may be challenged, their work itself is not seen to bear upon their status. We refer to this group as privileged experts. These experts make assessments or predictions whose correctness is rarely evaluated. Even if prophecy fails, errors are forgiven. We account for this non-evidentiary perspective by positing a widely-held misconception that expertise generalizes. We outline a task-specific, performance-based, limited-term certification scheme that can supplant privilege.

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Weiss, David J., i James Shanteau. "Decloaking the privileged expert". Journal of Management & Organization 18, nr 3 (maj 2012): 300–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2012.18.3.300.

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AbstractWhen seeking help or advice, one naturally wishes to get that aid from someone who does the task well, from an expert. Determining whether someone merits that label is not trivial, and the judgment can have important consequences. Experts in most domains, from athletes to plumbers, need to exhibit a high level of performance to maintain their status. But there is another group of professionals that is never examined. The expert status of such experts is conferred via criteria such as education or experience. While their credentials may be challenged, their work itself is not seen to bear upon their status. We refer to this group as privileged experts. These experts make assessments or predictions whose correctness is rarely evaluated. Even if prophecy fails, errors are forgiven. We account for this non-evidentiary perspective by positing a widely-held misconception that expertise generalizes. We outline a task-specific, performance-based, limited-term certification scheme that can supplant privilege.

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Marra, Rose M., i David H. Jonassen. "Transfer Effects of Semantic Networks on Expert Systems: Mindtools at Work". Journal of Educational Computing Research 26, nr 1 (styczeń 2002): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/wmln-n7jc-21pa-47th.

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Semantic networks and expert systems can support learning and critical thinking as Mindtools. Mindtools are computer-based tools that function as intellectual partners with the learner in order to engage and facilitate critical thinking and higher-order learning. Semantic networks and expert systems in particular are cognitive reflection tools that help learners to build a representation of what they know by designing their own knowledge bases. Semantic networks have been used as a knowledge elicitation tool for expert system construction; however, the effects of using these tools together has never been formally studied. This study examined the effects of building semantic networks on the coherence and utility of expert systems subsequently constructed. Subjects who constructed semantic networks first produced expert systems with significantly more rules and rule types than a control group. The task's intentional ambiguity and the differences in thinking necessary for semantic network and expert system construction may have affected the non-significance of other expert system complexity variables.

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KHOMUTENKO, Vira, Alla KHOMUTENKO, Varvara SVITLOOKA i Dmytro MOTYHIN. "Theoretical-methodical approaches to assess the effectiveness of the court-expert activities". Economics. Finances. Law, nr 11/1 (21.11.2019): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2019.11(1).7.

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Introduction. In the theory of expertise there is no comprehensive concept of evaluating the effectiveness of court-expert activity in general and the work of a court expert in particular, the corresponding conceptual apparatus of "court-expert efficiency" has not been fully developed and systematized, theoretical and normative criteria and indicators to assess its effectiveness have not been formed. This made it an expedient to conduct a study aimed at determining the criteria and indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of court expertise. The purpose of the work is to theoretically justify and develop methodological recommendations related to the formation of a system of criteria and indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of court-expert activity. Results. The article is devoted to the exploration of theoretical and methodological approaches to the evaluation of the effecti-veness of the court-expert scientific research institutes (institutions). Criteria have been defined and indicators of effectiveness of court-expert activity have been grouped that related to organizational-managerial, scientific-methodological and informational support, execution of a court experts expertise and providing an conclusion, with selection and training of court- experts. Conclusion. The use of a complex integral indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of court-expert activity and to identify the impact of each direction of activity of research institutes (institutions) of court expertise on the effectiveness as a whole is substantiated.

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Karasev, O. I., i E. I. Mukanina. "Expert assessment method in foresight studies". Statistics and Economics 16, nr 4 (5.09.2019): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2019-4-4-13.

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Purpose of the study. The main goal of this research is to identify key aspects of expert assessments and offer high-quality recommendations for their improvement.Materials and methods. Foresight is built on the basis of expert assessment method, includes: active formation of the image of the future instead of its probabilistic prediction, focus on identifying key development priorities, participation in the study of key stakeholders, the relationship with the management decision-making process. The methods of analysis used in the work suggest methods of theoretical research in the form of analysis and modeling. In the course of the research, the following tasks were solved: firstly, the Expert model was formed based on the necessary and sufficient criteria for selecting respondents to the foresight study; secondly, the main characteristics of the Delphi method for consensus decisions in expert groups were identified. The research work considers various sources of information, which became the basis for the further development of the Expert model, based on an integrated approach based on the statistical, sociological and economic fields of science.Results. On the basis of bibliometric analysis, important criteria for the selection of experts were highlighted: a practical component, a theoretical component, a creative component, an assessment of belonging to a field of study, an assessment of work in a study, an adjustment of results. The relevance of the selection of an expert greatly influences the result of the foresight, therefore, there is a need for a balanced selection of respondents to the study. Foresight studies have a distinctive feature from other areas in that the result is the achievement of consensus between experts in the subject area. Decision makers are drawn from three areas of activity business, government, science. In this regard, criteria for the selection of respondents were formed, which imply the necessary and sufficient conditions. The necessary criteria are understood as such parameters, without which the characteristics of the expert do not allow the respondent to be an expert for this study. A sufficient condition for the participation of the decision maker in the foresight analysis implies such selection criteria, which are complementary characteristics of the expert, which do not need to prove that the expert is a suitable expert for a specific study. As a result, four necessary criteria for the selection of experts for groups were identified, as well as individual sufficient criteria for each group. The process of carrying out the Delphi method is considered, the advantages and disadvantages are determined, on the basis of which the resulting indicator is proposed the foresight research reliability index.Conclusion. The method of selection of experts allows a comprehensive approach to the problem in the field of formation of expert groups based on the introduction of digital technologies that improves the qualitative characteristics of foresight research. The confidence index, as a result indicator, determines the objectivity of the study based on expert assessments.

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Amrein-Beardsley, Audrey. "Recruiting Expert Teachers into High-Needs Schools: Leadership, Money, and Colleagues". education policy analysis archives 20 (8.09.2012): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v20n27.2012.

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Teacher quality experts are urging policymakers to identify and target expert teachers and entice them to teach in high-needs schools. To understand what this might take, expert teachers in Arizona were surveyed to understand their job-related preferences to inform future recruitment policies. Findings should inform others about the important factors educational policymakers might consider when thinking about recruiting expert teachers into high-needs schools. These factors include the quality of the principal; salary, bonuses, and benefits; and the degree to which expert teachers can work in multiple roles to enhance student learning.

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Rojek, Izabela. "Computer aided production process design work methods". Mechanik 90, nr 8-9 (11.09.2017): 805–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2017.8-9.119.

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The article presents the computer aided design methods as applied for arrangement of production processes in the range from the simplest to the most advanced ones. The idea behind the research procedure as conducted by the author was to develop a method, models and expert system that would resemble a human expert in the field. This goal was achieved using neural networks.

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Suddaby, Roy, Frans Bévort i Jesper Strandgaard Pedersen. "Professional judgment and legitimacy work in an organizationally embedded profession". Journal of Professions and Organization 6, nr 2 (1.07.2019): 105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpo/joz007.

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AbstractProfessions have been traditionally understood as an alternative way of organizing work that stands in opposition to the corporate or bureaucratic organizational form. Increasingly, however, corporations are seen to be the source of new forms of expert knowledge and occupational categories. Yet we have little understanding of how expert judgement forms and is legitimated inside a large organization. In this study, we examine the emergence of standards of professional judgement in a government organization. Using archival and interview data between 2000 and 2012 we examine how experts in the Danish Film Institute generated professional standards of decision making against the backdrop of intense bureaucratic control. Our analysis demonstrates that norms of professional judgement emerge in a process that is inextricably linked to the emergence of professional role identities. Our core theoretical contribution is the discovery that the legitimacy work of managerial professions operates in two spheres; by first grounding claims of professional legitimacy in broad societal norms, and second, by grounding claims of professional identity in localized but increasingly abstract expressions of professional expertise.

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IMAMURA, Masaki, i Yasuyuki HAMADA. "Comparison of Work Process Between Expert and Non-Expert on Edge Preparation of Steel Plate". Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2017 (2017): S0450104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2017.s0450104.

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SUGIMOTO, Taku, Hisanori YUMINAGA i Eriko AIBA. "720 Difference in polishing work between expert and non-expert by comparison of polishing sounds". Proceedings of the Materials and processing conference 2013.21 (2013): _720–1_—_720–3_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemp.2013.21._720-1_.

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Nedashkivska, О. "PETITION AS A PROCEDURAL FORM OF REALIZATION BY A FORENSIC EXPERT OF THE RIGHT TO AN EXPERT INITIATIVE". Criminalistics and Forensics, nr 66 (2021): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2021.66.18.

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The author raises the issue of the lack of a clear mechanism for the implementation of the right of a forensic expert of an expert initiative using the right of a forensic expert to file a petition as, in fact, the only procedural form for a forensic expert to exercise his right of an expert initiative. The purpose of the study is to analyze the existing legal framework governing the right of expert initiative and various scientific opinions on the right to identify an expert initiative, using the right to petition. The study was conducted by analyzing the current legislation in terms of regulating the right of expert initiative and the views of scholars on the concept of expert initiative, as well as a survey of practicing forensic experts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine to determine the limits of ownership of the conceptual apparatus, its implementation in practice. The level of mastery of the conceptual apparatus by forensic experts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of expert initiative and the possibility of their implementation in practice is established. Various scientific approaches to the problem of using the right of expert initiative in modern conditions are analyzed, the practical significance and importance of legal regulation of the right of a forensic expert to file a petition as a procedural form of ensuring the right of expert initiative by forensic experts in their practical work is demonstrated. A systematic solution to the problem is proposed by the improving the legal framework that would regulate the procedure for using the right of a forensic expert to file a petition as a de facto form of exercising the right to an expert initiative and creating an algorithm to ensure the right of a forensic expert to an expert initiative.

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Sanko, Jill Steiner, Ilya Shekhter, Mary Mckay, Karina Gattamorta i David J. Birnbach. "Interprofessional Simulation Olympics as a platform to assess team work knowledge acquisition". BMJ Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning 1, nr 2 (2.07.2015): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjstel-2015-000024.

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IntroductionSeveral years ago an on-stage competition called SimWars was introduced to the simulation community. This concept was adopted into a patient safety course as a way to further engage students and named Sim Olympics. We sought to evaluate it as a platform for assessment of learning in students who participated as audience members.MethodsA non-equivalent groups design was used to assess whether students could be taught to recognise features of effective teamwork, including a pair of expert raters. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare students’ attitudes toward interprofessional education (IPE) education, teamwork and simulation, before and after the course.ResultsStudent scores compared to expert scores showed good agreement. For team 1 there were no statistical differences noted (M=19.58, SD=4.34 given by the students, M=17.50, SD=2.12 given by the experts), t (192)=1.26, p=0.264. There was also no difference for team 2 (M=15.173, SD=5.52 given by the students, M=19.50, SD=3.53 given by the experts), t (173)=0.863, p=0.354. A premeasure and postmeasure of students’ attitudes towards IPE education, teamwork and simulation, also showed significant time effect, p<0.001.ConclusionsMedical and nursing students were able to demonstrate their learning of teamwork dynamics by discerning differences between great teamwork and good teamwork as proficiently as seasoned experts. Findings of this study may further support the use of observation as a method to evaluate learning.

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