Rozprawy doktorskie: „Experimental trials”

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Matassa, Vincenzo. "Optimisation of experimental design and analysis for sugarcane variety trials /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17336.pdf.

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Kirvesoja, H. (Heli). "Experimental ergonomic evaluation with user trials: EEE product development procedures". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2001. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514259378.

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Abstract The main difficulty in the usability evaluation of a product concept or a prototype is that it is very difficult to take reliably into account many different characteristics or attributes, which cannot be measured with the same unit, scale or instrument. Secondly, evaluation always involves some uncertainty. One can never be really sure that all the essential aspects that affect the final user emphasis are taken into consideration. This uncertainty can be decreased by involving diverse people in the evaluation process during R&D or, before the final decision, by elaborating the best ideas to a level at which they can be really used on a pilot scale in the field. Most often, though, the latter takes too much time and would result in many other problems. Evaluation can possibly be best enhanced by using enough involved people, i.e. various experts and especially end-users, who need or use the product in question. A key ingredient to the success of product development, in addition to ergonomic knowledge, is often thought to be active involvement of the intended product users by (1) measuring user-product interaction and (2) participation in design decisions. When a potential end-user experiments with the product, both quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods can be used. This thesis shows some methodological possibilities of evaluation, especially through simulation. It also describes in detail the practical phases of the experiments. For example, a lot of development was needed to find out how to communicate product alternatives and their concepts to (elderly) users. And most importantly, this thesis aims to give evidence of how the procedure called experimental ergonomic evaluation (EEE) should be feasibly implemented and statistically confirmed for significance and consistency. A special focus in the experiments was placed on elderly end-users. Since the number of elderly citizens is increasing, there is a need for products to help the elderly live independently at their homes. Studying and understanding how users accomplish their tasks helps to identify their needs and to formulate implications for the design of technology to satisfy those needs. Thus, user studies conducted before beginning to design a new technology provide a proactive way of involving users in the design process. The first prototypes then enable usability studies, such as user trials. With an emphasis on usability engineering, trials can be developed into more feasible EEE procedures for industrial companies. All the developed and applied EEE procedures were based on a user-centred approach with different user trial types (N = 15). The users as subjects (N = 264) performed as real tasks as possible and, based on their perceptions during the trials, gave their preferences or scored certain variables. The subjects were also observed and measured by the researcher. The products or other technologies in the trials comprised a total of 9 cases, ranging from "low-tech" steps and chairs to "high-tech" information and communication technology (ICT) applications. The perceived preference and observed performance measures were then combined. Different methods are needed simultaneously to make the results more accurate. The present EEE procedures proved to be cost-effective, efficient and sufficiently valid at least in a research context. The EEE procedures ranged from subjective estimations, such as rating and ranking, to more complex multi-criteria methods that can be used to facilitate decision-making, such as conjoint analysis, Mitchell's paired comparison and use-value analysis. Objective evaluation was also used, including measurement of products and users as well various observations. Both experts and end-users (subjects) had their own important roles in the experiment. Based on this study, EEE procedures are easy to implement in industry for routine usability testing in the course of product development. EEE with its wide coverage yields more universal and absolute usability values, not only ones based on direct benchmarking.

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Xu, Bo. "Predictors of treatment means for a one factor completely randomized design". Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3372284/.

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Lind, Torbjörn. "Iron and zinc in infancy : results from experimental trials in Sweden and Indonesiaa". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-277.

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Background: Iron and zinc are difficult to provide in sufficient amounts in complementary foods to infants world-wide, resulting in high prevalence of both iron and zinc deficiency. These deficiency states cause anemia, delayed neurodevelopment, impaired growth, and increased susceptibility to infections such as diarrhea and respiratory infections. Design: Two different intervention strategies; reduction of a possible inhibitor of iron and zinc absorption, i.e. phytate, or supplementation with iron and zinc, were applied to two different populations in order to improve iron and zinc nutrition: In a high-income population (Umeå, Sweden), the amount of phytate in commonly consumed infant cereals was reduced. Healthy, term infants (n=300) were at 6 mo of age randomized to phytate-reduced infant cereals, conventional infant cereals, or infant formula and porridge. In a low income population (Purworejo, Indonesia), daily iron and zinc supplementation was given. Healthy, term infants (n=680) were at 6 mo randomized to supplementation with iron, zinc, a combination of iron and zinc, or placebo. Blood samples, anthropometrical measurements, and data on infant neurodevelopment and morbidity were collected. Also, in the Swedish study, detailed information on the dietary intake was recorded. Results: In the Swedish study, the reduction of phytate had little effect on iron and zinc status, growth, development or incidence of diarrhea or respiratory infections, possibly due to the presence of high contents of ascorbic acid, which may counteract the negative effects of phytate. In the Indonesian study, significant negative interaction between iron and zinc was evident for several of the outcomes; Hb and serum ferritin improved more in the iron only group compared to placebo or the combined iron and zinc group. Further, supplementation with iron alone improved infant psychomotor development and knee-heel length, whereas supplementation with zinc alone improved weight and knee-heel length compared to placebo. Combined iron and zinc supplementation did decrease the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and low serum zinc, but had no other positive effects. Vomiting was more common in the combined group. Analyses of dietary intake from the Swedish study showed that dietary iron intake in the 6-11 mo period was significantly associated with Hb, but not serum ferritin at 9 and 12 mo, whereas the opposite was true in the 12-17 mo period, i.e. dietary iron intake was significantly associated with serum ferritin, but not Hb at 18 mo. Conclusions: The phytate content of commercial infant cereals does not seem to contribute to poor iron and zinc status of Swedish infants as feared. However, the current definitions of iron and zinc deficiency in infancy may overestimate the problem, and a change in the recommended cutoffs is suggested. These studies also indicate that dietary iron is preferably channeled towards erythropoiesis during infancy, but to an increasing amount channeled towards storage in early childhood. This suggests that in evaluating dietary programs, Hb may be superior in monitoring response to dietary iron in infancy, whereas S-Ft may respond better later in childhood. However, as shown in this study, increasing Hb may not necessarily be an indicator of iron deficiency, as more dietary iron increased Hb regardless of iron status. In the low-income setting combined supplementation with iron and zinc resulted in significant negative interaction. Thus, it is not possible to recommend routine iron-zinc supplementation at the molar concentration and mode used in this study. It is imperative that further research efforts are focused at finding cost-effective strategies to prevent iron and zinc deficiency in low-income populations.

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Dhaliwal, Lesley. "Research design and effect size : a meta-analysis of mood disorder experimental trials". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54731.

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The design of experimental studies can have a significant influence on effect size; however, this influence is rarely given enough consideration during the interpretation and comparison of research results. This paper examines whether there is a significant difference between the effect sizes from placebo-controlled versus treatment-controlled trials. This issue was studied by conducting a meta-analysis of approximately 37 RCTs of mood disorder therapies. The results of this methodological investigation confirmed that there is a statistically significant difference between the weighted effect sizes from the two groups of studies that were compared. These results support the claim that the type of control group is an important factor to consider in the design and interpretation of experimental studies. This analysis is a methodological contribution as it addresses how the type of control group in a RCT impacts the outcome of a study, and more specifically the effect size. The outcome of this research also challenges the effectiveness of treatments that have been tested against only one type of control in experimental studies.
Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate

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6

Gatch, Michael B. "An Experimental Analysis of Higher-Order Stimulus Control in Humans". DigitalCommons@USU, 1990. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6017.

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This dissertation explored sane effects of context on the development of stimulus classes and the transfer of stimulus functions to novel stimuli. The research was also intended to demonstrate the utility of current behavioral theories for prediction and control of contextual effects on class formation. In Experiment lA, contextual control of stimulus classes was established successfully in all six college-student subjects. Matching-to-sample training successfully transferred the function of the contextual stimuli to four novel stimuli, whim resulted in the formation of two three-member classes of contextual stimuli. The first portion of Experiment 1B replicated Experiment 1A with three additional subjects. In the second portion, matching-to-sample training resulted in the establishment of two six-member contextual classes. In Experiment 2, three of four subjects learned a matching-to-sample task in whim the role of the contextual stimuli was controlled by a pair of ''higher-order'' contextual stimuli. 'Iwo of the subjects received matching-to-sample training in whim the function of the higher-order contextual stimuli was transferred to four novel stimuli, which resulted in the development of two three-member, higher-order contextual classes. Experiments 3A, 3B, and 3C demonstrated that sane groupings of stimuli are more difficult to learn than other groupings. The experiments found that overlapping roles of stimuli tended to confuse subjects and that subjects, when confused, would respond based on "familiarity" to stimuli rather than on the conditional relations. Experiments 4A and 4B demonstrated that types of matching performance (identity, oddity, and arbitrary) can be controlled by the presence of contextual stimuli. The experiments also provided evidence supporting the idea that generalized identity (reflexivity) and generalized oddity performances are closely related to, if not prerequisites for, successful arbitrary matching and the development of stimulus classes.

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McBride, Ali. "Evaluating Fast Track Time Analysis of Clinical Drug Trial Phases Utilizing a Quasi-Experimental Observational Study". The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624440.

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Class of 2007 Abstract
Objectives: In this paper we analyzed the time frame for oncology drugs that were designated as a fast track drug and the time transition from a phase II to phase III clinical trial completion. Methods In our study we utilized oncology drugs that were approved between the years of 2000-2006 (FDA.gov). We then analyzed the CDER data base that provided information to Fast Track drugs that have been approved within the time period as determined by the FDA selection criteria (21 CFR 312.81(a)). Under certain circumstances, the FCA may consider reviewing portions of a marketing application in advance of the complete New Drug Application (NDA) or Biologic License Application (BLA). We will evaluate fast track designated products which may also be eligible to participate in FDA’s Continuous Marketing Applications Pilot 1 or Pilot 2 programs. For our analysis, we specifically selected oncology drugs. In particular, we analyzed 32 drugs from the stated time period. Each fast track drug was then selected and analyzed for its clinical phase development time period based on news announcements during clinical trails. For each announcement we conducted an event study analysis through lexis Nexus with respect to the announcement of a clinical trial enrollment, clinical trials news (Phase I, II, III). Results: The results of our preliminary study show that there was a shorter time to development transition for the fast track oncology drugs. The oncology clinical phase transition from II to three on average lasted 12 months with a range of 2 - 29 months The average length of the phase development had to excludes 4 drugs due to the lack of information provided from the LexisNexis database. The current timeline for fats track drugs has shown a decrease in transition from clinical trials to the market. In the example of Spyrcel, the data from our study had to be excluded, there was a definitive difference in the time to approval process for the drug as compared to other standard review entities. The approvals for dasatinib, or Sprycel, for refractory CML was shown to move through the development to approval in one of the fastest timeframes in modern development. Since its first clinical study on in Gleevec-resistant patients, the medication was decided on entering an accelerated timeline. It took us just 25 months to bring Sprycel from first-in-human dosing to a regulatory submission. In contrast, the industry average for this cycle time is 6.4 years which is three times greater than the cycle time for Sprycel. Conclusions: The new Subpart H regulations state that post-marketing studies to confirm clinical benefit that would consist usually by "studies underway” at the time of accelerated approval, this has not always been the case and is not a requirement (Dagher R, Johnson J, Williams G et al). In conclusion, the accelerated approval program in oncology has been successful in making 18 different products available to patients for 22 different cancer treatment indications since the inception of the fast track program. From the current data and transition information, there is a comparative difference between the clinical phase transitions from phase II to Phase III clinical trials. However, this preliminary data needs to be further evaluated against the standard FDA review process from oncology drugs. Moreover, further studies will be needed to interpret whether the average length of oncology studies biases the value of our study.

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Bergh, Anna. "Defocused CO₂ laser irradiation in the rehabilitation of horses : an experimental and clinical study /". Uppsala : Dept. of Anatomy and Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200654.pdf.

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Svensson, Jennie. "An Experimental Study to Improve the Casting Performance of Steel Grades Sensitive for Clogging". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad processmetallurgi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-202539.

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In this study, the goal is to optimize the process and to reduce the clogging tendency during the continuous casting process. The focus is on clogging when the refractory base material (RBM) in the SEN is in contact with the liquid steel. It is difficult or impossible to avoid non-metallic inclusions in the liquid steel, but by a selection of a good RBM in the SEN clogging can be reduced. Different process steps were evaluated during the casting process in order to reduce the clogging tendency. First, the preheating of the SEN was studied. The results showed that the SEN can be decarburized during the preheating process. In addition, decarburization of SEN causes a larger risk for clogging. Two types of plasma coatings were implemented to protect the RBM, to prevent reactions with the RBM, and to reduce the clogging tendency. Calcium titanate (CaTiO3) mixed with yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) plasma coatings were tested in laboratory and pilot plant trials, for casting of aluminium-killed low-carbon steels. For casting of cerium alloyed stainless steels, YSZ plasma coatings were tested in laboratory, pilot plant and industrial trials. The results showed that the clogging tendency was reduced when implementing both coating materials. It is also of importance to produce clean steel in order to reduce clogging. Therefore, the steel cleanliness in the tundish was studied experimentally. The result showed that inclusions originated from the slag, deoxidation products and tundish refractory and that they were present in the tundish as well as in the final steel product.

QC 20170227

VINNOVA

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Behrel, Morgan. "Investigation of kites for auxiliary ship propulsion : experimental set-up, trials, data analysis and kite specs novel identification approach". Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0132.

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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le programme de recherche beyond the sea® visant à développer la traction de navire de commerce par des kites géants. Le but est d’utiliser l’énergie du vent, et ainsi de réduire la consommation de carburant des navires et réduire les émissions polluantes. Un tel projet demande de nombreux développements et actions scientifiques, en particulier pour prédire le comportement des cerfs-volants géants et des navires associés. Pour cela des modèles sont développés, mais ces modèles doivent être confrontés à des mesures pour en estimer la validité. Cette thèse a donc pour objectif de mesurer les interactions entre le kite et le navire, à une échelle limitée par rapports aux navires visés par le programme global. Des mesures ont donc été réalisées sur un navire de pêche de 13 m, puis sur un bateau expérimental de 6 m spécialement conçu à cet effet. De plus, des mesures ont aussi été menées à terre pour évaluer uniquement les performances du kite. Chacune de ces campagnes expérimentales mettait en oeuvre un dispositif de mesure complexe, ainsi qu’un système automatique de contrôle du vol du kite. En plus de fournir des données de qualité à destination de la science, les outils développés au cours de cette étude peuvent être utilisés directement par les partenaires industriels du projet beyond the sea®
This study is part of the research program beyond the sea® aiming to develop kites as auxiliary propulsion devices for ships. The goal is to use the energy of the wind to save fuel and reduce harmful emissions. Such a project needs numerous developments and scientific actions, particularly to model the behavior of giant kites and associated ships. However these models must be compared to measurements to assess their validity. This study is then focus on the measurements of the interaction between kites and ships, at a limited scale in comparison to the real scope of the project. Thus measurement campaigns were carried out on a 13-meter long trawler, and on a 6-meter long experimental platform specifically designed. Another experimental campaign was also carried out onshore to assess the aerodynamic specs of the kite. Each of these three campaigns was based on a complex experimental set-up, including an automatic kite control system. In addition to provide a valuable data set for further scientific analyses, this study provided also tools which can be used by the industrial partners of the beyond the sea project®

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Chagas, Gleiber da Silva. "Estudo experimental do comportamento mecÃnico de estrato Silto- Argiloso (MassapÃ) para fundaÃÃes superficiais". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12231.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
O dimensionamento de fundaÃÃes superficiais requer definiÃÃo de forma clara e objetiva, para o solo em estudo, da capacidade de carga e a previsÃo dos recalques a que se submete a estrutura, baseando-se nas propriedades mecÃnicas obtidas por ensaios de laboratÃrio e campo. O ensaio de placa Ã uma das formas mais seguras para se obter essas informaÃÃes, a partir de carregamento direto, que produz, em escala reduzida, o comportamento da futura fundaÃÃo. Os ensaios realizados nesta pesquisa foram executados em trÃs etapas: caracterizaÃÃo geotÃcnica (granulometria, determinaÃÃo da massa especÃfica, limite de consistÃncia, compactaÃÃo proctor normal e Ãndice de suporte califÃrnia (ISC)); ensaios especiais de laboratÃrio (adensamento e cisalhamento); e ensaios de campo (provas de carga). O objetivo deste trabalho Ã avaliar a partir da realizaÃÃo de provas de carga diretas com solo na umidade natural e inundado, se previsÃes de potencial de colapso e expansÃo, realizadas a partir de ensaios edomÃtricos simples e duplos sÃo capazes de dar indicaÃÃes concordantes. Foi observado que resultados de ensaios edometricos duplos, realizados no solo silto argiloso da cidade de IcÃ, proporcionaram estimativas mais concordantes para as situaÃÃes de colapso do solo. AlÃm disso, a tÃcnica da compactaÃÃo de solos problemÃticos se mostrou adequada para minorar, ou mesmo anular, problemas relacionados ao colapso e a expansÃo do solo estudado.
The design of shallow foundations requires defining clearly and objectively to the soil under study, the load capacity and the prediction of settlements that undergoes structure, based on the mechanical properties obtained from laboratory testing and field. The plaque assay is one of the safest ways to get this information from direct loading, which produces, in reduced scale, the behavior of the Future Foundation. The tests performed in this study were performed in three steps: geotechnical characterization (particle size, density determination, consistency limits, standard Proctor compaction and California bearing ratio (ISC)); Special laboratory tests (density and shear); and field trials (load tests). The objective of this study is to evaluate the evidence from conducting direct load with soil and flooded in natural moisture, if forecasts of potential collapse and expansion, made from single and double edomÃtricos tests are able to give consistent evidence. It was observed that results of double edometricos trials, conducted in silty clay soil of the city Ico, provided more consistent estimates for situations of soil collapse. Furthermore, the technique of compression problematic soils was adequate to mitigate or even nullify, problems related to the collapse and expansion of the studied soil.

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Waters, Rafael. "Energy from Ocean Waves : Full Scale Experimental Verification of a Wave Energy Converter". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9404.

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A wave energy converter has been constructed and its function and operational characteristics have been thoroughly investigated and published. The wave energy converter was installed in March of 2006 approximately two kilometers off the Swedish west coast in the proximity of the town Lysekil. Since then the converter has been submerged at the research site for over two and a half years and in operation during three time periods for a total of 12 months, the latest being during five months of 2008. Throughout this time the generated electricity has been transmitted to shore and operational data has been recorded. The wave energy converter and its connected electrical system has been continually upgraded and each of the three operational periods have investigated more advanced stages in the progression toward grid connection. The wave energy system has faced the challenges of the ocean and initial results and insights have been reached, most important being that the overall wave energy concept has been verified. Experiments have shown that slowly varying power generation from ocean waves is possible. Apart from the wave energy converter, three shorter studies have been performed. A sensor was designed for measuring the air gap width of the linear generator used in the wave energy converter. The sensor consists of an etched coil, a search coil, that functions passively through induction. Theory and experiment showed good agreement. The Swedish west coast wave climate has been studied in detail. The study used eight years of wave data from 13 sites in the Skagerrak and Kattegatt, and data from a wave measurement buoy located at the wave energy research site. The study resulted in scatter diagrams, hundred year extreme wave estimations, and a mapping of the energy flux in the area. The average energy flux was found to be approximately 5.2 kW/m in the offshore Skagerrak, 2.8 kW/m in the near shore Skagerrak, and 2.4 kW/m in the Kattegat. A method for evaluating renewable energy technologies in terms of economy and engineering solutions has been investigated. The match between the technologies and the fundamental physics of renewable energy sources can be given in terms of the technology’s utilization. It is argued that engineers should strive for a high utilization if competitive technologies are to be developed.

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Martínez, Rovira Immaculada. "Monte Carlo and experimental small-field dosimetry applied to spatially fractionated synchrotron radiotherapy techniques". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81470.

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Two innovative radiotherapy (RT) approaches are under development at the ID17 Biomedical Beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF): microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) and minibeam radiation therapy (MBRT). The two main distinct characteristics with respect to conventional RT are the use of submillimetric field sizes and spatial fractionation of the dose. This PhD work deals with different features related to small-field dosimetry involved in these techniques. Monte Carlo (MC) calculations and several experimental methods are used with this aim in mind. The core of this PhD Thesis consisted of the development and benchmarking of an MC-based computation engine for a treatment planning system devoted to MRT within the framework of the preparation of forthcoming MRT clinical trials. Additional achievements were the definition of safe MRT irradiation protocols, the assessment of scatter factors in MRT, the further improvement of the MRT therapeutic index by injecting a contrast agent into the tumour and the definition of a dosimetry protocol for preclinical trials in MBRT.

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Brits, Jeanette. "A framework for the use and interpretation of statistics in reading instruction / Jeanette Brits". Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1678.

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Burin, Cláudia. "Tamanho de parcela e número de repetições para avaliar a massa verde de parte aérea de milheto". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5134.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The present study aimed to determine the optimum plot size and number of repetitions to evaluate the fresh weight of aerial part of millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L). R. Brown) in evaluation times (Chapter I) and to determine the optimum plot size and number of repetitions to evaluate the fresh weight of aerial part of millet in times of sowing and cuts (Chapter II). Were conducted uniformity trials of 6m×4m (24m2), in the agricultural years 2012-2013 and 2013-2014, at the experimental area of the Crop Science Department of the Federal University of Santa Maria. Each trial was divided in 24 experimental units basic (UEB) with 1m×1m (1m2). The fresh weight of aerial part of plants was weighed in each UEB. At 52, 69 and 82 days after sowing were evaluated, respectively, 18, 6 and 18 trials, in the agricultural year 2012-2013 (Chapter I). In the agricultural year 2013-2014, there were three times of sowing and three fresh weight cuts in the first and third times of sowing, to evaluate the regrowth. In the second time of sowing was conducted a single cut (Chapter II). The plot size, for two agricultural years, was determined by the method of maximum curvature of the model coefficient of variation and the means compared, among evaluation times, among cuts and among times of sowing by Student s t test. The number of repetitions, for experiments on completely randomized and randomized block designs, in scenarios of combinations of i treatments (i=3, 4, ..., 50) and d minimal differences between treatments means to be detected as significant, 5% probability by Tukey test, expressed in percentage of the average of the experiment (d=10%, 12%, ..., 30%), was determined by iterative process until convergence. In the agricultural year 2012-2013, the optimum plot size to evaluate the fresh weight of aerial part of millet is 4.46m2, to the three evaluation times. To evaluate up to 50 treatments, in completely randomized and randomized block designs, four replications are sufficient to identify as significant at 5% probability, by Tukey test, differences between treatment means of 28.75% of the average experiment (Chapter I). In the agricultural year 2013-2014, the optimum plot size to evaluate the fresh weight of aerial part of millet is 4.97m2, to the three times of sowing and cuts. To evaluate up to 50 treatments, in completely randomized and randomized block designs, five replications are sufficient to identify as significant at 5% probability, by Tukey test, differences between treatment means of 28.66% of the average experiment (Chapter II).
O presente trabalho teve como objetivos determinar o tamanho de parcela e o número de repetições para avaliar a massa verde de parte aérea de milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L). R. Brown) em épocas de avaliação (Capítulo I) e determinar o tamanho de parcela e o número de repetições para avaliar a massa verde de parte aérea de milheto em épocas de semeadura e cortes (Capítulo II). Foram realizados ensaios de uniformidade de 6m×4m (24m2), nos anos agrícolas 2012-2013 e 2013-2014, na área experimental do Departamento de Fitotecnia, na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Cada ensaio de uniformidade foi dividido em 24 unidades experimentais básicas (UEB) de 1m×1m (1m2). Foi pesada a massa verde de parte aérea das plantas de cada UEB. Aos 52, 69 e 82 dias após a semeadura do ano agrícola 2012-2013, foram avaliados, respectivamente 18, 6 e 18 ensaios (Capítulo I). No ano agrícola 2013-2014, foram realizadas três épocas de semeadura e três cortes de massa verde na primeira e terceira épocas de semeadura, para avaliar a rebrota. Na segunda época de semeadura foi realizado um único corte (Capítulo II). O tamanho de parcela, para os dois anos agrícolas, foi determinado por meio do método da curvatura máxima do modelo do coeficiente de variação e as comparações de médias, entre épocas de avaliação, entre cortes e entre as épocas de semeadura foram realizadas pelo teste t de Student. O número de repetições, para experimentos nos delineamentos inteiramente casualizado e blocos ao acaso, em cenários formados pelas combinações de i tratamentos (i=3, 4, ..., 50) e d diferenças mínimas entre médias de tratamentos a serem detectadas como significativas a 5% de probabilidade, pelo teste de Tukey, expressas em percentagem da média do experimento (d=10%, 12%, ..., 30%), foi determinado por processo iterativo até a convergência. No ano agrícola 2012-2013, o tamanho ótimo de parcela para avaliar a massa verde de parte aérea de milheto é de 4,46m2, para as três épocas de avaliação. Para avaliar até 50 tratamentos, nos delineamentos inteiramente casualizado e blocos ao acaso, quatro repetições são suficientes para identificar como significativas, pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade, diferenças entre médias de tratamentos de 28,75% da média do experimento (Capítulo I). No ano agrícola 2013-2014, o tamanho ótimo de parcela para avaliar a massa verde de parte aérea de milheto é de 4,97m2, para as três épocas de semeadura e cortes. Para avaliar até 50 tratamentos, nos delineamentos inteiramente casualizado e blocos ao acaso, cinco repetições são suficientes para identificar como significativas, pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade, diferenças entre médias de tratamentos de 28,66% da média do experimento (Capítulo II).

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Rocha, Francisco Carlos Machado [UNIFESP]. "Revisão sistemática da literatura de estudos clínicos e experimentais sobre os efeitos antitumorais dos canabinóides". Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/10062.

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Objetivo: Avaliar, através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, os efeitos antitumorais dos canabinóides em qualquer tipo de neoplasia, utilizando como amostra seres humanos e animais de laboratório com tumores, bem como culturas de células tumorais. Método: A pesquisa incluiu as seguintes bases eletrônicas de dados: PUBMED, EMBASE, LILACS e “The Cochrane Collaboration Controlled Trials Register”. Todos os estudos publicados que envolveram os efeitos antitumorais (mecanismos celulares e moleculares) dos canabinóides foram considerados para esta revisão. Desta forma, foram levados em conta não somente ensaios clínicos (randomizados ou não) como também estudos experimentais in vivo e in vitro. A estratégia de busca bibliográfica compreendeu todas as publicações de cada base de dados até 31 de dezembro de 2009. O exame minucioso de todas as referências bibliográficas dos artigos importantes para esta revisão (incluindo artigos de revisão) foi igualmente realizado com o objetivo de selecionar artigos que não tivessem sido capturados pela estratégia de busca eletrônica. Resultados: De 3.920 artigos inicialmente identificados, 117 preencheram os critérios de inclusão para esta revisão. Todos os estudos incluídos nesta revisão sistemática foram experimentais (in vivo e/ou in vitro), excetuando-se um estudo clinico piloto fase I/II em humanos. Em todos os estudos experimentais incluídos, os canabinóides exerceram atividade antitumoral in vitro e/ou evidência antitumoral in vivo em vários modelos de células tumorais e tumores, respectivamente. As atividades antitumorais incluíram: efeitos antiproliferativos (sequestro do ciclo celular), diminuição da viabilidade e morte celular por toxicidade, apoptose, necrose, autofagia, efeitos antiangiogênicos e antimigratórios. As evidências antitumorais incluíram: diminuição do tamanho tumoral, efeitos antiangiogênicos e antimetastáticos. Adicionalmente, a maioria dos estudos descreveu que os canabinóides apresentaram seletividade na ação antitumoral em vários modelos tumorais. Desta forma, as células normais usadas como controle não foram atingidas. O fator segurança na administração dos canabinóides também foi demonstrado in vivo, em ratos com tumores marcados com células tumorais. O único estudo realizado em humanos, por sua vez, demonstrou segurança na administração intratumoral do delta-9-THC em pacientes com glioblastoma multiforme recorrente. Conclusões: Os vários canabinóides testados em múltiplos modelos de tumores apresentaram efeitos antitumorais in vitro e in vivo. Estes achados indicam que os canabinóides são compostos promissores para o tratamento das neoplasias. No entanto, pesquisas em seres humanos através de ensaios clínicos randomizados, metodologicamente bem conduzidos, devem ser realizadas para a avaliação de eficácia dos mesmos antes que eles possam ser indicados para esta finalidade. Este é o caso do delta- 9-THC e do canabidiol, que já foram testados e aprovados para uso em humanos em outras condições clínicas. Outros canabinóides, no entanto, necessitam ainda de pesquisas farmacocinéticas, farmacodinâmicas e toxicológicas antes de poderem ser testados em seres humanos.
Objective: To evaluate, through a systematic review of the literature, the antitumoral effects of cannabinoids on any type of cancer, involving both human beings and animal samples, as well as cultured tumor cells. Method: Research included the following electronic databases: PUBMED, EMBASE, LILACS and "The Cochrane Collaboration Controlled Trials Register. All published studies involving the antitumoral effects (cellular and molecular mechanisms) of cannabinoids were considered for this review. Thus, not only clinical trials (randomized or not) but experimental studies (both in vivo and in vitro) were taken into account. The bibliography search strategy included all publications of each of these databases until December 31, 2009. The scrutiny of all the references from the relevant articles for this review (which included review articles) was also performed, in order to select items that could not have been captured by the chosen electronic search strategy. Results: From 3,920 initially identified articles, 117 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this review. All the studies included in this systematic review were experimental (in vivo and/or in vitro), except for a pilot clinical trial phase I/II involving humans. In all experimental studies included, cannabinoids exerted antitumoral activity in vitro and/or antitumoral evidence in vivo in several models of tumor cells and tumors, respectively. The antitumor activity included: antiproliferative effects (cell cycle arrest), decreased viability and cell death by toxicity, apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, as well as antiangiogenic and antimigratory effects. Antitumoral evidence included: reduction in tumor size, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic effects. Additionally, most of the studies described that the canabinnoids exercised selective antitumoral action in several distinct tumor models. Furthermore, normal cells used as controls were not affected. The safety factor in the cannabinoids’ administration has also been demonstrated in vivo in rats with tumors which were marked with tumor cells. The sole study in humans demonstrated safety in intratumoral administration of delta-9- THC in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Conclusions: The various cannabinoids tested in multiple tumor models showed antitumoral effects both in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that cannabinoids are promising compounds for the treatment of cancer. However, methodologically well conducted research on humans through clinical trials has yet to be performed in order to evaluate their effectiveness. This is the case of delta-9-THC and cannabidiol, which have been tested and approved for use in humans in other clinical conditions. In the case of other cannabinoids, however, further pharmacokinetic as well as pharmacodynamic and toxicological studies are required before their being tested in humans.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

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Déporte, Astrid. "Caractérisation du fonctionnement d'une hydrolienne à membrane ondulante pour la récupération de l'énergie des courants marins". Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0031/document.

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Cette thèse présente les trois approches : analytique, expérimentale et numérique développées pour étudier le comportement d'une hydrolienne à membrane ondulante. Cette technologie, portée par l'entreprise EEL Energy, est basée sur les déformations périodiques d'une structure flexible pré-contrainte. Des convertisseurs d'énergie, positionnés de part et d'autre du système, sont actionnés par le mouvement d'ondulation.Analytiquement, la membrane est représentée par un modèle linéaire de poutre à une dimension et l'écoulement par un fluide potentiel 3D. L'action du fluide sur la membrane est évaluée par la théorie des corps élancés. L'énergie est dissipée de façon continue sur la longueur de la membrane. Expérimentalement, un prototype à l'échelle 1/20ième a été développé, des micro-vérins permettent de simuler l'énergie produite. Les essais avec le prototype1/20ième ont permis de valider le concept d'hydrolienne à membrane ondulante et le mode de récupération d'énergie. Un modèle numérique 2D éléments finis a été mis au point. Chaque élément constitutif de la membrane y est reproduit, la dissipation d'énergie est réalisée par des éléments dissipatifs mais la loi d'amortissement est limitée à un amortissement linéaire en vitesse.La comparaison des résultats issus de ces trois modèles a permis de valider leur bonne capacité à reproduire le comportement de la membrane sans conversion d'énergie. La dissipation d'énergie appliquée avec le modèle analytique se distingue clairement des deux autres modèles de part sa localisation mais aussi par la loi d'amortissement utilisée. Les autres modèles sont cohérents entre eux et si on ne parvient pas à corréler les résultats de puissance dissipée, le comportement du système et la répartition de la puissance dissipée le long de la membrane sont semblables. Ces trois approches ont permis de mettre en avant les paramètres clés dont dépend le comportement de la membrane et l'étude paramétrique démontre la complémentarité et l'intérêt du développement conjoint des modèles dans un souci industriel d'optimisation du système. Le développement d'un prototype à l'échelle supérieure (1/6ème), devant faire le lien entre les essais en bassin et les essais en mer, a permis de travailler sur les effets d'échelle. Des différences de comportements sont observées entre ces deux prototypes mais elles sont dues en partie à des différences de conditions aux limites et en partie à des effets de confinements très importants. Pour évaluer la tenue sur le long terme du prototype, ses composants (composite, élastomère) ont été caractérisés précisément et des essais de vieillissement accéléré par température ainsi que des essais de fatigue ont été mis en place sur des échantillons de matière
This manuscript presents three approaches : analytical, experimental and numerical, to study the behavior of a flexible membrane tidal energy convertor. This technology, developed by the EEL Energy company, is based on periodic deformations of a pre-stressed flexible structure. Energy convertors, located on each side of the device, are set into motion by the wave-like motion.In the analytical model, the membrane is represented by a linear beam model at one dimension and the flow by a 3 dimensions potential fluid. The fluid forces are evaluated by the elongated body theory. Energy is dissipated all over the length of the membrane. A 20th scale experimental prototype has been designed with micro-dampers to simulate the power take-off. Trials have allowed to validate the undulating membrane energy convertor concept. A numerical model has been developed. Each element of the device is represented and the energy dissipation is done by dampers element with a damping law linear to damper velocity.Comparison of the three approaches validates their ability to represent the membrane behavior without damping. The energy dissipation applied with the analytical model is clearly different from the two other models because of the location (where the energy is dissipated) and damping law. The two others show a similar behavior and the same order of power take off repartition but value of power take off are underestimated by the numerical model. These three approaches have allowed to put forward key-parameters on which depend the behavior of the membrane and the parametric study highlights the complementarity and the advantage of developing three approaches in parallel to answer industrial optimization problems.To make the link between trials in flume tank and sea trials, a 1/6th prototype has been built. To do so, the change of scale was studied. The behavior of both prototypes is compared and differences could be explained by differences of boundary conditions and confinement effects. To evaluated membrane long-term behavior at sea, a method of aging accelerated by temperature and fatigue tests have been carried out on prototype materials samples immerged in sea water

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Gravuer, Kelly. "Determinants of the introduction, naturalisation, and spread of Trifolium species in New Zealand". Master's thesis, Lincoln University. Bio-Protection and Ecology Division, 2004. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20071015.060329/.

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Two conceptual approaches which offer promise for improved understanding of biological invasions are conceptualizing the invasion process as a series of distinct stages and explicitly incorporating human actions into analyses. This study explores the utility of these approaches for understanding the invasion of Trifolium (true clover) species in New Zealand. From the published literature, I collected a range of Trifolium species attributes, including aspects of global transport and use by humans, opportunistic association with humans in New Zealand, native range attributes, habitat characteristics, and biological traits. I also searched historical records to estimate the extent to which each species had been planted in New Zealand, a search facilitated by the enormous importance of Trifolium in New Zealands pastoral agriculture system. Regression analysis and structural equation modelling were then used to relate these variables to success at each invasion stage. Fifty-four of the 228 species in the genus Trifolium were intentionally introduced to New Zealand. Species introduced for commercial agriculture were characterised by a large number of economic uses and presence in Britain, while species introduced for horticulture or experimental agriculture were characterised by a large native range area. Nine of these 54 intentionally introduced species subsequently naturalised in New Zealand. The species that successfully naturalised were those that had been planted extensively by humans and that were well-matched to the New Zealand climate. A further 16 species (from the pool of 174 species that were never intentionally introduced) arrived and naturalised in New Zealand without any recorded intentional aid of humans. Several attributes appeared to assist species in unintentional introduction-naturalisation, including a good match to the New Zealand climate, a large native range area, presence in human-influenced habitats, a widespread distribution in Britain, and self-pollination capability. The 25 total naturalised species varied greatly in their current distributions and in the rates at which they had spread to achieve those distributions. Species that had spread quickly and are currently more widespread had been frequent contaminants in the pasture seed supply and have a long flowering period in New Zealand. Other biological traits and native range attributes played supporting roles in the spread process. Attributes facilitating success clearly varied among invasion stages. Humans played a dominant role at all stages of this invasion, although biological traits had increasing importance as a species moved through the invasion sequence. My findings suggest that incorporation of human actions and the stage-based framework provide valuable insight into the invasion process. I discuss potential avenues by which these approaches might be integrated into predictive invasion models.

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Burkert, Janaina Fernandes de Medeiros. "Otimização das condições de produção da lipase por Geotrichum candidum NRRL-Y552". [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255036.

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Orientador: Maria Isabel Rodrigues
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O interesse na produção de lipases microbianas tem aumentado significativamente nas últimas décadas, devido ao seu amplo potencial de aplicações industriais, seja na indústria de alimentos como aditivos (modificação de aromas), química fina (síntese de ésteres), detergentes (hidrólise de gorduras), tratamento de efluentes (decomposição e remoção de substâncias oleosas), couro (remoção de lipídios das peles dos animais), farmacêutica e na área médica (remédios, digestivos e enzimas para diagnósticos). A produção de lipase pode ser influenciada por diferentes variáveis, como o microrganismo produtor da enzima, as fontes de carbono, nitrogênio e lipídio, as condições de aeração e agitação, o tipo do impulsor, e até mesmo a geometria do reator. Na primeira etapa deste trabalho foram realizados testes com diferentes indutores (óleo de soja, óleo de milho, óleo de girassol, óleo de canola e óleo de oliva) para produção de lipase utilizando o microrganismo Geotrichum candidum NRRL- Y552, obtendo como melhor indutor o óleo de soja. Em seguida, um estudo para padronização do inóculo foi realizado possibilitando o início da otimização do meio de cultura, em frascos agitados, obtendo como meio otimizado 3,58% de peptona e 0,64% de óleo de soja, com pH inicial de 7,0 a 30°C e 250 rpm, alcançando 16 U/mL em 48 horas de fermentação. Utilizando as condições de produção otimizadas, a enzima foi caracterizada quanto a pH ótimo, temperatura ótima e de estabilidade, a influência de sais minerais na atividade enzimática e a determinação dos parâmetros cinéticos KM e Vmáx. Seqüencialmente, com o meio de cultura otimizado, foi verificada a influência dos impulsores turbina de Rushton, hélice naval e pás inclinadas na produção da lipase em fermentadores de bancada, atingindo em tomo de 25 g/L de biomassa para todos os impulsores e 19 U/mL em 30 horas, 12 U/roL em 30 horas e 22 U/mL em 54 horas, respectivamente, de atividade lipolítica. Utilizando o agitador tipo pás inclinadas foi investigado o efeito clã agitação e aeração no processo fermentativo, sendo obtida as condições de 300 rpm e 1 vvm a 30°C como ótimas para produção da lipase, alcançando aproximadamente 22 U/mL em 54 horas de processo. Ainda foi investigado o efeito de diferentes taxas de aeração em um reator não convencional "air lift" que permitiu obter cerca de 20 U/mL de atividade lipolítica em 30 horas de fermentação, possibilitando nesta geometria de reator uma produtividade 40% maior em relação aos reatores convencionais. Estes resultados para o processo de produção da lipase foram superiores em relação aos relatados na literatura para o mesmo microrganismo
Abstract: The interest in microbial lipase production increased significantly in the last decades, because of the large potential in industrials applications such as: additives in foods (flavor modification), fine chemicals (synthesis of esters), detergents (hydrolysis of fats), waste water treatment (decomposition and removal of oily substances), leather (removal of lipids of animal skins), pharmaceutical and medical areas (remedies, digestives and enzymes for diagnostics). The lipase production can be influenced by different variables such as the microorganism, the carbon sources, nitrogen and lipid, the aeration and agitation conditions, the impeller type, and also including the geometry of the reactor. In the first stage of this work tests was carried out with different inductors (soy oil, com oil, sunflower oil, canola oil and olive oil) for lipase production by Geotrichum candidum NRRL- Y552, getting as the best inductor the soy oil. After that, a study for standardization of inoculum was carried out, making possible the beginning of the optimization of the culture medium, in shaker-flasks, getting as half optimized 3.58% of peptona and 0.64% of soy oil, with initial pH of 7,0, 30°C and 250 rpm that conditions allow reaching 16 U/mL in 48 hours of fermentation. Using the optimized conditions of production, the enzyme was characterized concerning to optimum pH, optimum temperature and stability temperature, the influence of salts in the enzymatic activity and the determination the kinetic parameters KM and Vmáx, Sequentially, with the optimized medium culture, the influence of the impellers it was verified for Rushton turbine, helix naval and pitched blade up in the production of lipase in fermenter, reaching around 25 g/L of biomass for all impellers and 19 U/mL in 30 hours, 12 U/mlL in 30 hours and 22 U/mlL in 54 hours, respectively. Using the impeller type pitched blade up the effect of the agitation and aeration in the of lipase production was investigated, being the optimum conditions 300 rpm and 1 vvm at 30°C for enzyme production, reaching approximately 21 U/mL in 54 hours of fermentation. The effect of different aeration rates in a not conventional reactor air lift was also investigated, resulting in about 20 U/mL of lipolytic activity ín 30 hours of fermentation, making possible to obtain with this geometry of reactor a larger productivity (40% greater ín comparison to the conventional reactors). These results for the process of lipase production are larger than the reported ones in the literature for the same microorganism
Doutorado
Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos

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Smith, Alison B. "Multiplicative mixed models for the analysis of multi-environment trial data /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs64221.pdf.

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David, W. W. "Training Tribal Facilitators for Peacemaking in Mindanao| An Experimental Study". Thesis, Fuller Theological Seminary, School of Intercultural Studies, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13428586.

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Conflicts in Mindanao can be caused by incidents such as adultery, land disputes, even jealousy within dominant clan groups. The incidents may emerge as an interpersonal conflict, but may result in wider aggression, escalating into interclan conflict when the victim’s relatives or ethnic group get involved. Though the initial conflict is interpersonal, it might affect the inter-societal level and even the international level.

The central issue that directed this research was to discover the factors influencing Mindanao tribal students who seek rido, “interclan revenge,” and to revise “Peace Generation” from Indonesia in order to implement contextual methods of “Training Tribal Students to Be Peacemakers” that uses insiders to facilitate tribal students for conflict transformation in Mindanao.

As a missionary, I have attempted to equip mature Muslim-background believers associated with Yoido Full Gospel Mission in Mindanao to become facilitators of a program of training tribal people to be peacemakers and to mobilize some to become agents for peacemaking in Mindanao.

In order to implement sustainable peace among the entire Moro ethnic group, I adapted Lederach’s conceptual framework to establish the foundation of trust or to restore trust among interclan or intertribal relationships. This process guided the research in light of historical perspectives recognizing colonial factors affecting the population in Mindanao. This research employs narrative interviews to listen to participants and develop deeper interaction regarding the issues that are verbalized in intergroup conflicts.

In order to train these Christian peace facilitators for the revised process, I chose Tablig: A Compilation of Resources for Understanding the Muslim Mindset. Over about a year and a half in three rounds of field research, I discovered factors in Peace Generation training that might be perceived differently from tribal students’ perspectives. All three of the facilitators agreed in Training Group interviews that love is always the main factor in conflict transformation. Furthermore, all three of the Tausug villagers affirmed love, justice, and God’s guidance as factors in their marital conflict transformation.

After reflection on these three research periods, I chose to step back as an outsider facilitator and trainer and to empower “voluntary insiders” and “insiders” to facilitate tribal students in peacemaker training. I have clearly separated findings—peacebuilding facilitated by one of the insiders—that are significant from ones that are not. In my analysis, my leadership has not shifted appropriately in recognition of tribal people groups, which need indigenization. Hence, it is significant to note that transforming conflicts only through scriptural studies is not feasible; it should be conducted by an insider innovator/transformer, rather than by my entrepreneurship.

Indeed, if I did not step back from being a peace facilitator and did not train insider or voluntary peace facilitators, we would not have seen the remarkable result in the lifecycle of organizational leadership transition. The main factor influencing and equipping tribal students and adults to be peacemakers, as carried out by insider facilitators, is “love and forgiveness,” as Romans 13:10 says, “therefore love is the fulfillment of the law.”

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Curran, Kassie. "Consumer acceptance of omega-3 enhanced beef in surveys and retail trials". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20413.

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Master of Science
Agricultural Economics
John A. Fox
This study examines consumer acceptance of omega-3 enhanced beef using data from a choice experiment and a retail trial. The retail trial was conducted in collaboration with La Vaca Meat Company, Littleton, CO which offered omega-3 enhanced beef products for sale both online and in-store. Prices were adjusted periodically, and online customers were surveyed to gather information about their purchase decisions. The choice experiment was included in an online survey conducted with a nationally representative sample of consumers. One version of the survey focused on ground beef and another focused on steak. Within each version separate treatments examined the impact of providing information about how levels of the most beneficial omega-3s could be enhanced in beef. The choice experiment evaluated how variation in meat attributes such as omega-3 content, safety, and tenderness influenced purchase decisions. Data from the choice experiment were analyzed using multinomial logit models. Results indicate that overall acceptance and willingness to pay for omega-3 enhanced beef was below that of grass-fed beef. Additional information about omega-3s increased willingness-to-pay for enhanced omega ground beef, but had no impact on willingness-to-pay for enhanced omega steak. The analysis showed significant heterogeneity in preferences, and, in particular, females had significantly higher willingness-to-pay for grass-fed ground beef than males. Average willingness-to-pay for grass-fed steak was estimated at $3.69/lb above conventionally raised product, compared to an estimated premium of $1.86/lb for enhanced omega steak. For ground beef the average premium for grass-fed product was estimated to be $1.27/lb compared to $0.79/lb for the enhanced omega product.

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Junod, Valérie. "Clinical drug trials : studying the safety and efficacy of new pharmaceuticals /". Genève ; Zurich ; Bâle : Genève : Bruxelles : Schulthess ; Faculté de droit ; Bruylant, 2005. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00153347.pdf.

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Graspeuntner, Simon [Verfasser]. "The cervical microbiome in female infectious infertility : clinical trial and experimental mouse models / Simon Graspeuntner". Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1142648095/34.

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Job, Sarah. "Identity-Specific Positive Psychology Intervention for Sexual Minorities: A Randomized Control Trial". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3891.

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Sexual minorities experience mental and physical health disparities in comparison to heterosexual individuals due to minority stress (Branstrom et al., 2016; Kerridge et al., 2017; Meyer, 2003). Positive psychology interventions have improved mental and physical health (Antoine et al., 2018; Lambert D'raven et al., 2015), and therefore these interventions have potential to address health disparities. The current study tested an identity-specific intervention (n = 30) to a general positive psychology intervention (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30) among sexual minorities. This built on a recent pilot study which tested the efficacy of an identity-specific intervention designed for sexual minorities and showed significant improvements in depressive and anxiety symptoms. Thus, I hypothesized that individuals in intervention conditions would have better mental health, physical health, and substance use outcomes than the control group. Additionally, outcomes of the identity-specific condition were compared to those of the general positive psychology intervention. Participants included 91 sexual minority adults that completed three surveys (baseline, one week after the intervention, one month follow-up) including outcomes measures (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, problematic drinking, problems associated with drug use, well-being, and self-rated health), potential covariates (anticipated stigma, internalized stigma, concealment) and manipulation checks (self-compassion, forgiveness, optimism, coping using humor, social support seeking). Fifty-three participants completed interventions featuring five intervention tasks eliciting self-compassion, optimism, forgiveness, humor, and social support seeking. Analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and multilevel modeling. Compared to the control condition, results showed significantly greater improvements in well-being (b = .40, p = .013), self-rated health (b = -.42, p = .006), and problems associated with drug use (b = -.97, p = .004) among participants in the intervention conditions. No significant differences emerged for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, or problematic drinking. Limitations include lack of power for analyses examining extended follow-up and comparing intervention types, as well as a number of history effects. Despite these limitations, the current study has potential to improve health outcomes and aid clinical practices. More research on positive psychology interventions with sexual minorities is needed.

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Di, Loreto Alessandro <1985&gt. "Nutraceutical Value of Durum Wheat: Influence of Environment and Genotype in a Large Scale Experimental Trial". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7531/.

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Grain quality is well known as one of the most interesting breeding objectives in Mediterranean countries. It still has great importance in wheat markets because of the increased interest of the consumers for high-quality staple food such as pasta, couscous and various types of bread. The performance of many quality characteristics depends greatly on environmental conditions and, in this context, organic agriculture could guarantee a durum wheat material with high nutraceutical value for healthy food production and special dietary uses. Among organic wheat production, KAMUT® khorasan wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. turanicum (Jakubz.)) has attracted great attention due to its specific nutritional and functional properties (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and prebiotic activities). The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the environmental and climatic effects on the nutritional and nutraceutical quality of organic durum and durum-type wheat varieties. The work was subdivided into three main sections aimed at understanding the dynamic affecting the accumulation of nutritional and functional compounds in wheat caryopsis of durum and durum type wheat varieties. The first two section provide a complete characterization of KAMUT® khorasan grain. This is a distinctive study: first a collection of the same organically grown genotype collected during two decades of cultivation was characterized for nutritional and functional properties; then the investigation has shifted to the same crop harvested in a vast region (180000 km2), including several different environments. In the third section 24 old and modern durum and durum-type wheat varieties, cropped in the same location and growing season, were analyzed in order to determine and compare the phenolic composition. Results obtained gives a fundamental understanding of durum wheat grains composition in terms of nutrient and bioactive compounds.

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Yousef, Zaheer Raza. "Post-infarction left ventricular remodelling and the open artery hypothesis : an experimental model and a clinical trial". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405634.

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Yabe, Shinichi. "Portal blood flow and liver regeneration in auxiliary partial orthotopic liver taransplantation - experimental study and clinical trial". Kyoto University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/151404.

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Koeda, Tomoko, Takahiro Ando, Takayuki Inoue, Kenta Kamisaka, Shinya Tsukamoto, Takahiro Torikawa, Jun Hirasawa, Makoto Yamazaki, Kunio Ida i Kazue Mizumura. "A trial to Evaluate Experimentally Induced Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness and Its Modulation by Vibration". Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7566.

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Johnston, Elizabeth Elinor. "Evaluating the health effects of a social intervention in older people using an experimental approach". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluating-the-health-effects-of-a-social-intervention-in-older-people-using-an-experimental-approach(f4ca1560-2946-4be8-b54b-5deb0a6fe78c).html.

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Background: there is limited research to show that a social intervention such as increasing income improves health, especially as this relates to older people. It is known that poverty is a real problem for many older people in Northern Ireland. One reason for this is that older people often do not claim the financial benefits for which they are entitled. This is a randomised controlled study that sought to investigate the health effects of an increased uptake of social security benefits. Methods: The aims of this study were to find out if an increase in income through the take up of unclaimed financial benefits lead to a significant improvement in the health status of older people and discover if this was maintained over a reasonable period of time. This was a randomised control trial based in the community. Patients were recruited from 11 general practices in South Down, Craigavon, Fermanagh and Tyrone. The intervention consisted of a benefit assessment followed by assistance completing the benefit application. The control group received the assessment but were not give assistance with the application. Instead they were given a list of agencies where help with the application could be found. A range of health, psycho-social and financial outcome was measured. Results: Of the 2180 patients who were sent invitation letters 300 agreed to a benefits assessment. 189 enrolled in the study and 149 were followed up at six months. A total of 89 patients received additional weekly benefits amounting to approximately £3277.19 per annum (£63 per week). A further 13 patients received one off payments totaling £5,731.01. All but two patients received their benefits within three months of assessment. While analysis showed trends suggesting greater improvements in social support and depression scores for the intervention group when compared with the controls the difference were not statistically significant. This is probably due to the following factors. The sample size in this study was small because of problems with the recruitment and screening of patients. More patients in the control group claimed benefits than had been anticipated and as a result it was difficult to detect differences between the two groups. Discussion: Valuable lessons have been leant and modifications to the study methodology have been suggested that will be of use to other researchers attempting to undertake similar studies in the UK.

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Mendes, Alexandre Consul. "Analise do processo de extrusão na industria de "PET-FOOD" para a aplicação de tecnicas de controle avançado". [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255745.

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Orientador: Vivaldo Silveira Jr
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O trabalho a seguir apresenta as principais ferramentas necessárias para o controle do processo de extrusão baseado na densidade e umidade do produto extrusado úmido. Para facilitar a compreensão da aplicação do controle avançado, revisa-se alguns conceitos básicos da teoria clássica de controle. Devido à complexidade deste processo, orientado pela transformação bio-polimérica da matéria-prima farino-lipídico-protéica a certa umidade ao longo da extrusora, são retomados alguns conceitos de estatística, a fim de compor um modelo experimental para as principais variáveis independentes e de processo na extrusão. Estudou-se a relação estatística significativa entre as variáveis independentes: vazão de farinha, vazão de vapor, vazão de água e rotação de helicóide do extrusor e as variáveis de processo: densidade e umidade do produto extrusado úmido, temperatura de saída e pressão de saída da extrusora. Para o completo entendimentos destas relações, são correlacionados as variações dos teores de umidade, lipídios, proteínas e carboidratos da farinha a ser extrusada. Ainda como importante parâmetro industrial é realizado o balanço de energia para o processo em questão através da energia mecânica específica ('SME') e energia térmica específica ('STE'). Devido à aplicação industrial deste trabalho, o controle da densidade e umidade do produto extrusado úmido é na verdade baseado no controle da relação empírica entre a temperatura e pressão na saída da extrusora. Dessa forma, o custo de instalação e precisão, enfatizando a necessidade de repetibilidade na medida de temperatura e pressão de saída, se tomam muito mais viáveis quando os mesmos são comparados com a medida de densidade e umidade para o produto extrusado na saída da extrusora. Equipamentos para a medida precisa de densidade para produtos sólidos-úmidos aplicam princípio nuclear e para a medida de umidade são empregados instrumentos com sofisticados espectros de infravermelho associados a sistemas óticos internos. A fim de estudar-se a viabilidade deste modelo, foi realizado um planejamento composto central (4 variáveis independentes), com pontos axiais e a inclusão de alguns pontos aleatórios de interesse prático, a fim de obter-se um modelo mais robusto. Para tanto foram avaliadas três receitas típicas na indústria de rações de animais, a fim de representar-se a maioria dos produtos comerciais recomendados para cachorros e gatos. Através do conhecimento profundo das variáveis de processo, utilizou-se alguns experimentos para o entendimento do processo quanto à natureza da resposta, como a linearidade e a variação da resposta com o tempo. Estes experimentos informaram sobre o comportamento das curvas de reação para as variáveis independentes isoladamente. Atendendo a necessidade para a aplicação de estratégias de controle não lineares e/ou neurais o processo demonstrou-se com resposta em um único sentido com a perturbação, não linear e variante com o tempo. Este estudo foi comprovado pela aplicação da teoria de controle para processos lineares com perturbações lineares isoladas. Finalmente, é utilizado o conhecimento adquirido no estudo do processo de extrusão e da avaliação da curva resposta experimental das perturbações isoladas para o projeto de um algorítimo de controle baseado na estratégia de controle MIMO 2 x 2. Este controle foi testado através do controlador neuro-adaptativo 'Model Free Adaptive' (MFA), demonstrando resultados preliminares satisfatórios para o controle simultâneo da temperatura e pressão de saída de um extrusor de eixo simples, empregando como variáveis manipulativas a proporção de vapor / água e a vazão de farinha de alimentação respectivamente para as variáveis de processo citadas
Abstract: The present study informs about the main features of extrusion control processes, based on product-wet density and moisture. To comprehend the study, some background of the classic control theory is provided. The process complexity, provided by formation of a bio-polymer from carbohydrate-lipid-protein raw materials, requires analysis using statistical concepts to build an experimental model for the principal extrusion process variables. Significant statistical relationships were evaluated between the following independent variables: meal feed rate, steam feed rate, water feed rate and extruder screw speed; and dependent variables: wet product density and moisture, extruder die temperature and die pressure. The process energy and mass balance were described using the Specific Mechanical Energy ('SME') and Specific Thermal Energy ('STE') concepts. To facilitate the industrial application of this study, the wet density and moisture control is evaluated by an experimental empirical relationship between die temperature and die pressure. Die temperature and die pressure measurements are more feasible when compared with wet product density and moisture measurements due to ease of installation and measurement precision. Suitable equipment for the wet-solid product density measurements apply the nuclear principle, where safety is a concern; and moisture measurements use sophisticated devices with any combination of infrared and optical systems. In order to evaluate the model application, a box experimental design was used with four independent variables, star points and some random points resulting from extrusion operation experience. Three typical dry recipes used in the pet food industry were tested, representing the majority of retail products for dogs and cats. Applying the knowledge of extrusion process variables, several experiments were run to understand the process responses, such as linearity and control parameters. These experiments showed the influence of isolated independent variables to the dependent variables. The process was characterized by presenting a one way, non-linearity and time varying response, suitable for non-linear and neural controllers. Classic control theory was applied to evaluate each perturbation. The knowledge gained from an extrusion process and experimental response curve analysis from isolated perturbation was applied to build a control algorithm based on MIMO 2 X 2 control strategy. This model was tested by the neural-adaptive ' Model Free Adaptive' (MFA) controller. Initial satisfactory results were observed from the simultaneous control of die temperature and die pressure on a single screw extruder, using as manipulative variables the ratio of steam / water and the meal feed rate respectively
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos

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Mawdsley, Stephen Edward. "Fighting polio : selling the gamma globulin field trials, 1950-1953". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252270.

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Cury, Alvaro Hafiz. "Efeito potencial de uma goma de mascar experimental com cimento de ionômero de vidro em sua formulação". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25148/tde-08012013-111620/.

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O objetivo desse estudo é o de avaliar o potencial efeito de uma goma de mascar (chiclete) experimental, que contém Cimento de Ionômero de Vidro (CIV), na prevenção da doença cárie. Metodologia: seleção de quinze crianças/adolescentes, com idade entre 06 e 19 anos, que necessitam da adoção de medidas de tratamento e prevenção à cárie. Após expresso Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido em participar, os sujeitos da pesquisa foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos distintos: Grupo A: goma de mascar experimental; Grupo B: goma de mascar neutra (placebo); Grupo C: selamentos convencionais não invasivos. Para a avaliação do potencial efeito preventivo à cárie foram realizadas repetidas avaliações clínicas e coleta de saliva total estimulada, para análises de pH, fluxo, capacidade tampão e concentração de flúor. Inspeções nas superfícies oclusais de molares e/ou prémolares foram realizadas por meio de minucioso exame clínico, documentação fotográfica com luz convencional, com luz fluorescente (Quantitative Light Fluorescence) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura, por meio de réplicas com silicona de adição, a fim de se constatar a presença de CIV nas áreas de cicatrículas e fissuras. Adicionalmente, foram aplicados questionários de perguntas e respostas aos responsáveis e aos próprios sujeitos da pesquisa, com objetivo de avaliar a aceitação da goma de mascar como veículo de finalidade terapêutica. Todas as análises foram feitas por pesquisadores independentes (exame cego). Resultados: as avaliações clínicas e fotográficas não demonstraram qualquer tipo de selamento das cicatrículas e fissuras de molares e/ou pré-molares bem como a análise de réplicas em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. No período avaliado, não foram identificadas áreas de remineralização com o uso de luz fluorescente. Os resultados laboratoriais demonstraram sinais favoráveis ao processo de remineralização dos tecidos dentários. Teste estatístico não paramétrico Kruskal-Wallis indicou significante aumento no fluxo e na capacidade tampão salivar, após o uso de uma goma de mascar e significante aumento da concentração de íons flúor salivar para os grupos A e C (p<0,05). De modo geral, os grupos A e B obtiveram boa receptividade. Conclusão: resultados apontam importantes indícios de um potencial remineralizante da goma com CIV. Esse atributo implica realização de futuros trabalhos com o veículo de liberação flúor utilizado nesse trabalho, especialmente se considerado o apelo comercial, a faixa etária média dos habituais usuários, a frequência e o tempo médio de permanência de uma goma de mascar na cavidade oral. Trabalhos em que os sujeitos da pesquisa tenham maior frequência de utilização (e não somente uma única ocorrência de uso), maior tempo de observação (estudo longitudinal), em diferentes apresentações e concentrações (diversos tipos de fluoretos), podem demonstrar que o uso de gomas de mascar, como veículo de liberação de flúor para a cavidade oral, é uma alternativa promissora às medidas de prevenção à cárie no potencial grupo de pacientes/consumidores.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential effect of a chewing gum containing experimental Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) in preventing caries. Methodology: fifteen children / adolescents aged between 06 and 19 years old in need of treatment and prevention of dental caries were selected. After formal agreement to take part in the research, the participants were divided randomly into three groups: Group A: experimental gum; Group B: neutral gum (placebo); Group C: conventional noninvasive sealing. To assess the potential preventive effect on caries, repeated clinical assessments were carried out, as well as a collection of stimulated saliva for analysis of pH, flow, buffering capacity and fluoride concentration. In order to verify the presence of GIC in the areas of pits and fissures, inspections on the occlusal surfaces of molars and / or premolars were conduced by thorough clinical examination, photographic documentation with conventional light, fluorescent light (Quantitative Light Fluorescence) and scanning electron microscopy, using replicas with addition silicone. Additionally, volunteers and researchs staff were submitted to extensive questionnaires, aiming to evaluate the acceptance of chewing gum as a vehicle for therapeutic purposes. All analyses were conducted by independent researchers (blind review). Results: neither clinical and photographic assessments, nor analyses of replicas in scanning electron microscopy showed any kind of sealing pits and fissures of molars and / or premolars. During the specified period, any kind of remineralization was identified with the use of fluorescent light. Nevertheless, laboratory results showed favorable signs in the process of remineralization of dental tissues. Nonparametric statistical test Kruskal-Wallis indicated a significant increase in flow and buffering capacity of saliva after the use of chewing gum, and a significant increase in salivary fluoride concentration for groups A and C (p<0.05). As a general rule, groups A and B showed good responsiveness. Conclusion: the results showed significant evidence that gums containing GIC present a significant remineralizing potential. This attribute implies the realization of further researches making use of this vehicle for fluoride release, especially if we consider its commercial appeal, the average age of regular users, the frequency and mean duration of a chewing gum in the oral cavity. Works in which the subjects have a higher frequency of use (and not just a single instance of use), a longer observation time (longitudinal study), in different concentrations and presentations (different types of fluoride), demonstrate that the use of chewing gum as a vehicle for fluoride release into the oral cavity is a promising alternative for the prevention of tooth decay in a potential group of patients/consumers.

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Marshall, Samuel David. "Sloping convection : an experimental investigation in a baroclinic annulus with topography". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ca9cfaf5-49e8-4e30-b93a-65c27d1c8a15.

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This thesis documents a collection of experimental investigations in which a differentially-heated annulus was used to investigate the effects of topography on the atmospheric and oceanic circulation. To this end a number of experiments were devised, each using a different topographic base to study a different aspect of the impact of topography, motivated by the most notable outstanding questions found in a review of the literature, namely exploring the effects of topographic resonance, blocking via partial barriers, and azimuthally differential-heating via thermal topography. First of all, whilst employing sinusoidal wavenumber-3 topography to extend the experimental parameter space of a similar study, namely Read and Risch (2011), a new regime within a region of structural vacillation was encountered. Denoted as the ‘stationary-transition’ regime, it featured periodic oscillations between a dominant stationary wavenumber-3 flow and axisymmetric or chaotic flow. An investigation into topographic resonance followed, keeping the wavenumber-3 base, but with a sloped lid to add a beta effect to the annulus. This acted to increase the occurrence of stationary waves, along with the ‘stationary-transition’ regime, which was discovered to be a near-resonant region where nonlinear topographic resonant instability led to a 23 to 42 ‘day’ oscillatory structure. The base was then replaced with an isolated ridge, forming a partial barrier to study the difference between blocked and unblocked flow. The topography was found to impact the circulation at a level much higher than its own peak, causing a unique flow structure when the drifting flow and the topography interacted in the form of an ‘interference’ regime at low Taylor Numbers, as well as forming an erratic ‘irregular’ regime at higher Taylor Numbers. Lastly, this isolated ridge was replaced by flat heating elements covering the same azimuthal extent, in order to observe whether thermal topography could be comparable to mechanical topography. These azimuthally-varying heating experiments produced much the same results as the partial barriers study, despite the lack of a physical peak or bottom-trapped waves, suggesting that blocking is independent of these activities. Evidence of resonant wave-triads was noted in all experiments, though the component wavenumbers of the wave-triads and their impact on the flow was found to depend on the topography in question.

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Arnroth, Cornelia. "A study of protein aggregation processes using Dynamic Light Scattering : Validation of the technique and experimental trial with an active pharmaceutical ingredient". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-422862.

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Protein pharmaceuticals is one of the fastest growing class of therapeutics today. However, they pose a lot of challenges in production lines due to their poor stability. Protein aggregation is one of the most common results of protein instability and is a risk factor regarding the quality of therapeutics. This master thesis at RISE focused on validating the techniques Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and multi angle DLS (MADLS) with respect to detection of aggregation. The model protein B-lactoglobulin was used to assess the robustness and accuracy of DLS. A comparison between two instruments from Malvern, Zetasizer Nano (2006) and Zetasizer Ultra (2018) was done with respect to DLS. It was determined that they were in many ways equivalent, but the newer model Ultra was favourable due to reduced noise and its ability to detect a lower concentration of aggregates. MADLS produced more precise results which is reflected in narrower distributions and has a higher sensitivity than DLS with regards to separating particles near in size. Both techniques proved sensitive enough to differentiate between aggregates and native protein. Experimental trials were performed with an active pharmaceutical ingredient, API. The experimental trials with the API aimed to investigate what conditions and surface-interfaces that might pose a risk for aggregation. Despite efforts put in creating an environment where aggregation could be monitored, aggregation could not be established. Measurements with the API generated less reliable results due to noisy data and a lack of reproducibility between individual measurements.

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Pronger, II Gregory Emery. "Convergent Validity Between the Questions About Behavioral Function (QABF) Questionnaire, Trial-Based Functional Analysis, and Traditional Functional Analysis for Adults with a Dual Diagnosis in a Day Program Setting". OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1705.

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Previous research has demonstrated that individuals with a dual diagnosis often engage in challenging behavior as a means to fulfil their needs and wants. Functional behavioral assessments (FBA) are a way of evaluating these behaviors and creating effective interventions to reduce them and increase socially appropriate alternative behaviors. The present study assessed the convergent validity for three types of FBAs, including the Questions About Behavioral Function (QABF) questionnaire, trial-based functional analysis, and traditional functional analysis, for three adults with a dual diagnosis within a day program setting. Results found correspondence between two forms of assessments, the trial-based functional analysis and traditional functional analysis, for one out of the three subjects. Due to a lack of engagement in the targeted behavior for the other two subjects, results were inconclusive. Results of the QABF did not match those of the functional analyses for any of the subjects, suggesting that the assessment should be used with caution. The trial-based functional analysis may be a viable tool for assessing function for the challenging behavior of adults with a dual diagnosis, although it should not be used as a replacement for the traditional functional analysis.

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Thöle, Heinrich. "Ansätze zur statistischen Auswertung von On-Farm-Experimenten mit georeferenzierten Daten". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16232.

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Der Pendelsensor “Crop-Meter” misst indirekt die oberirdische Biomasse von Getreide, um Stickstoffdünger (N) teilflächenspezifisch auf heterogenen Ackerflächen auszubringen. In On-Farm-Versuchen wurde eine variable N-Düngung mit „Crop-Meter“ gegenüber der praxisüblichen, einheitlichen N-Düngung in Wintergetreide getestet. Im Gegensatz zur klassischen Anlage von Parzellenversuchen war eine Bestandsheterogenität zum Sensoreinsatz im Getreide ausdrücklich gefordert. Prüfmerkmal war der Kornertrag. Auf Grund der georeferenzierten Ertragskartierung lagen die somit pseudo-wiederholten Daten vermutlich räumlich autokorreliert vor. Daher wurden zwei Ansätze zur statistischen Analyse gewählt. Im ersten Ansatz wurden die Ertragsdaten auf Basis der Biomasse post-stratifiziert, um die Biomassevariabilität einzugrenzen. In jedem Stratum wurden Autokorrelationsmodelle für die Residuen (räumliche Modelle) mit der Annahme nicht korrelierter Residuen (Nullmodell) verglichen. Stets wurden räumliche Modelle als beste statistische Modelle ausgewählt. Im Gegensatz zu den Nullmodellen waren die Ertragsdifferenzen räumlicher Modelle sehr häufig nicht signifikant. Dieses Ergebnis wurde auch durch verschiedene Stratifikationen und N-Einsparungen nicht verändert. Im zweiten Ansatz wurde jeweils der gesamte Ertragsdatensatz eines Versuchs zusätzlich zu den räumlichen Modellen mit Kovariablen (Trendmodelle) modelliert. Für jeden Versuch wurden individuell verschiedene Kombinationen aus Trend- und räumlichen Modellen selektiert. Die meisten Mittelwertdifferenzen waren trotz N-Reduktion in den variablen Varianten nicht signifikant (7…24 kg N ha-1). Diese Ansätze bilden eine Grundlage zur Ableitung fundierter Auswertungsmethoden von On-Farm-Versuchen mit georeferenzierten Daten.
A pendulum sensor (Crop-Meter) measures cereal aboveground biomass in order to apply nitrogen (N) fertilizers site-specifically on heterogeneous agricultural fields. In on-farm trials, common N application practice (constant) was compared to site-specific (variable) N application with the sensor to assess grain yields as response. Unlike the classic design of small-plot trials, cereal crop heterogeneity was explicitly desired to use the Crop-Meter. Simultaneously, spatial yield data provided pseudo-replications and possible autocorrelation. Therefore, two approaches were selected for statistical analysis. In the first approach, yield data were post-stratified on the basis of biomass measures to confine total biomass variability. For each stratum, spatial co-variance structures were assumed for residuals (spatial models) opposed to the assumption of non-correlated residuals (null model). Spatial models were selected as best statistical models. Very often, yield differences were not significant when selecting spatial models in contrast to null models. However, this was not due to different stratifications and stratum-dependent N savings. In the second approach, trend models were fitted for total yield datasets with covariates in addition to spatial models. For each on-farm trial, distinct combinations of trend and spatial models were selected. Most mean differences were not significant despite site-specific N reduction (7…24 kg N ha-1). These approaches provide basics to derive profound methods for analysis of on-farm trials with spatial data.

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Morais, Jos? Haroldo Cavalcante de. "Evolu??es nas modelagens de substratos artificiais (metamateriais) com pr?ticas experimentais em antenas de microfita". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20857.

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Esse trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar configura??es de substratos diel?tricos inovadores projetados e fabricados a partir de estruturas metamateriais. Para isso, s?o avaliados diversos fatores que podem influenciar no seu desempenho. A princ?pio, foi feito um levantamento bibliogr?fico a respeito dos temas, que est?o relacionados com as pesquisas sobre: materiais diel?tricos, metamateriais e interferometria ?ptica. S?o estudados, pesquisados e desenvolvidos dois projetos experimentais propostos, que comprovam a efici?ncia de m?todos, para se alcan?ar a permeabilidade magn?tica negativa na forma??o de metamateriais. O primeiro projeto ? a produ??o de uma nova estrutura, com u anel ressoador triangular equilateral (Split Equilateral Triangle Resonator - SETR). O segundo projeto: aplica os princ?pios da interferometria ?ptica, especialmente, com o interfer?metro de Fabry-Perot. T?cnicas para obten??o dos dispositivos que complementam a placa metamaterial como substrato foram pesquisadas na literatura e exemplificadas principalmente por meio de simula??es e medi??es. Foram feitas compara??es, simula??es e medi??es de estruturas convencionais e especiais. As experi?ncias se concentram nas evolu??es e modelagens de substratos metamateriais com aplica??es em antenas de microfita. As melhorias de alguns par?metros de desempenho de antenas tamb?m s?o relatadas. As simula??es das antenas foram feitas nos programas computacionais comerciais. Os resultados medidos foram obtidos com um analisador vetorial de redes da Rhode and Schwarz modelo ZVB 14.

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Bonte, Bruno. "Modélisation et simulation de l’interdépendance entre l’objet, l’observateur et le modèle de l’objet dans la Triade de Minsky. Application à la surveillance épidémiologique en santé animale". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20173/document.

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On ne peut pas reproduire l'expérience d'une épidémie à l'échelle d'un pays ou d'une région. Or, en l'absence d'expérience reproductible, la notion usuelle de « validation » de modèle qui consiste à tester si le modèle A* d'un système A permet de reproduire le comportement de A, n'a aucun sens statistique.Marvin Minsky donne la définition suivante de ce qu'est un modèle: Pour un observateur B, un objet A* est un modèle d'un objet A s'il permet à B de répondre à une question qu'il se pose sur A. Nous appelons triade de Minsky, l'ensemble des trois objets A, B et A*. Nous proposons d'utiliser la Théorie de la Modélisation et de la Simulation (TMS) pour modéliser et simuler la triade de Minsky. Cela nous permet de modéliser la triade vue comme un système dynamique composée des objets A, B et A*. Nous pouvons ainsi nous interroger sur l'utilisation d'un modèle A* par un utilisateur B et sur l'impact que cette utilisation a sur la trajectoire du système A.Nous appliquons ce cadre à une triade de Minsky empruntée à notre contexte d'étude. Il s'agit d'un cas d'école où une épidémie (l'objet A) est observée et contrôlée par un système de surveillance et de contrôle (l'observateur B) et où un modèle épidémiologique (A*) est utilisé pour évaluer les mesures de contrôle
The spread of a disease at national or international scale isn't a reproducible experiment. If experiment is not reproducible, the usual concept of model validation has no statistical meaning because it would involve the comparison between model behaviour and system behaviour.We use Marvin Minsky's definition of model: « to an observer B, an object A* is a model of an object A to the extent that B can use A* to answer questions that interest him about A ». The tree objects A, B and A* are the triad of Minsky. We propose to use the Theory of Modelling and Simulation (TMS) to model and simulate the triad seen as a dynamic system composed of the objects A, B and A*. We hence can answer questions about the use of A* and the impact it has on A.We apply this framework to a triad of Minsky in epidemiological surveillance in animal health. An epidemics (object A) is observed and controlled by a surveillance system and a control system (observer B) and an epidemiological model (model A*) is used to evaluate the control measures

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Biermann, Jeanette S. "Improving Cognition in Normally Aging Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation (Samatha) as a Treatment for Attentional Inhibitory Deficits". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1310147941.

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Hajji, Mohammed Saïd. "Etude comparative de l'association hydrophobe en solution aqueuse de tensioactifs anioniques et cationiques et de divers alcane-diols et alcane-triols par mesures des masses volumiques, de la diffusion élastique et quasi-élastique de la lumière et des". Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA132016.

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42

Gravråkmo, Halvar. "Buoy Geometry, Size and Hydrodynamics for Power Take Off Device for Point Absorber Linear Wave Energy Converter". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-220344.

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Wave energy converters of point absorber type have been developed and constructed. Full scale experiments have been carried out at sea and electricity has been successfully delivered. Linear permanent magnet generators together with a subsea substation and buoys of various geometric shapes have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The design has in large extent an electronic approach, keeping the mechanical part of it as simple as possible, due to the long life span and reliability of electric components. Because of the nature of a linear generator, the internal translator with permanent magnets has a limited stroke length which will be reached when the buoy is exposed to large wave heights. Internal springs at the top and bottom of the generator prevent the translator from hitting the generator hull. Inertial forces due to the mass and velocity of the translator and the buoy and its heave added mass compresses the spring. The added mass is a rather large part of the total moving mass. Simulations of a converter with a vertical cylindrical buoy and with a toroidal buoy were conducted, as well as real sea experiments with converters with cylindrical buoys of two different sizes and a toroidal buoy. The overloads are likely to affect the design and service life of the generator, the buoy and the wire which interconnects them. Buoy shapes with as much excitation force as possible and as little heave added mass as possible were sought. A toroidal buoy caused less overloads on the generator at sea states with short wave periods and relatively large wave height, but for sea states with very long wave periods or extremely high waves, the magnitude of the overloads was mainly determined by the maximum displacement of the buoy. Snap loads on the interconnecting wire, as the slack wire tensed up after a very deep wave trough, were found to be greater but of the same order of magnitude as forces during the rest of the wave cycle. During a 4 day period at various wave conditions, two converters with cylindrical buoys proved efficiency between 11.1 % and 24.4 %. The larger buoy had 78 % larger water plane area than the other buoy which resulted in 11 % more power production. Short wave period was beneficial for the power production. Infinite frequency heave added mass was measured for a cylindrical buoy at real sea and found to be greater than the linearly calculated theoretical added mass.

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43

Mears, Mark G. "An inter-laboratory investigation of ANSI standard fitting protocols, sample size, subject and experimenter gender, and trial on the real-ear attenuation of two types of earplugs". Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08252008-161851/.

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Urbain, Paul Verfasser], i Hans-Konrad [Akademischer Betreuer] [Biesalski. "Nutritional status and its impact on outcome in patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation and an experimental trial to improve the supply of a specific micronutrient / Paul Urbain. Betreuer: Hans-Konrad Biesalski". Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027353525/34.

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Lindroth, [formerly Tyrberg] Simon. "Buoy and Generator Interaction with Ocean Waves : Studies of a Wave Energy Conversion System". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160085.

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On March 13th, 2006, the Division of Electricity at Uppsala University deployed its first wave energy converter, L1, in the ocean southwest of Lysekil. L1 consisted of a buoy at the surface, connected through a line to a linear generator on the seabed. Since the deployment, continuous investigations of how L1 works in the waves have been conducted, and several additional wave energy converters have been deployed. This thesis is based on ten publications, which focus on different aspects of the interaction between wave, buoy, and generator. In order to evaluate different measurement systems, the motion of the buoy was measured optically and using accelerometers, and compared to measurements of the motion of the movable part of the generator - the translator. These measurements were found to correlate well. Simulations of buoy and translator motion were found to match the measured values. The variation of performance of L1 with changing water levels, wave heights, and spectral shapes was also investigated. Performance is here defined as the ratio of absorbed power to incoming power. It was found that the performance decreases for large wave heights. This is in accordance with the theoretical predictions, since the area for which the stator and the translator overlap decreases for large translator motions. Shifting water levels were predicted to have the same effect, but this could not be seen as clearly. The width of the wave energy spectrum has been proposed by some as a factor that also affects the performance of a wave energy converter, for a set wave height and period. Therefore the relation between performance and several different parameters for spectral width was investigated. It was found that some of the parameters were in fact correlated to performance, but that the correlation was not very strong. As a background on ocean measurements in wave energy, a thorough literature review was conducted. It turns out that the Lysekil project is one of quite few projects that have published descriptions of on-site wave energy measurements.

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Chopin, Stéphanie. "Chimie du dianion C60 2- : accès à de nouveaux dérivés fonctionnels du fullerène C60 : application à la synthèse de dyades et triades, et études de leurs propriétés". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3191.

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De nouveaux dérivés fonctionnels du fullerène C60 ont été synthétisés à partir du dianion C602- selon la méthodologie mise au point au Laboratoire :
- des dihydrofullerènes C60(CH2CO2R)2 (R = Me, Et). Des cellules photovoltaïques à base de ces dérivés et de MEH-PPV en réseaux interpénétrés montrent de bonnes performances, assez proches de celles obtenues lorsque l'accepteur est le PCBM ;
- des dihydrofullerènes fonctionnels dissymétriques C60RR'. Les synthèses correspondantes reposent sur l'exploitation, jusqu'alors non réalisée dans ce but, du mécanisme réactionnel (Kadish-Fukuzumi) de la réaction entre C602- et divers dérivés halogénés ;
- un fullerène diol, issu de dérivés du pentaérythritol. Les bons rendements obtenus pour cette synthèse font de ce fullerène diol un nouveau synthon de choix en chimie du fullerène C60.
A partir de ce fullerène diol, de nouvelles dyades et triades ont été obtenues, l'entité électro-donneur étant le motif tétrathiafulvalène ou l'anion perchlorotriphénylméthyle. Les propriétés physico-chimiques de ces assemblages covalents donneur-accepteur ont été étudiées (spectroscopies UV-Vis, fluorescence, RPE ; électrochimie ; photophysique).
New functionalized [60]fullerene derivatives have been synthesized starting from C602- anion, following the procedure previously developed in our Laboratory :
- dihydrofullerenes C60(CH2CO2R)2 (R = Me, Et). Solar cells have been built using a mixture of these compounds and MEH-PPV in interpenetrating network and they exhibit good photovoltaic characteristics, which are close to those obtained when the acceptor is PCBM ;
- functionalized dissymmetric dihydrofullerenes C60RR'. The corresponding syntheses lie upon a new interpretation of the Kadish-Fukuzumi mechanism, so far unexplored in this way, associated with the reaction between C602- and various halogeno derivatives ;
- a fullerene diol, issued from pentaerythritol derivatives. Thanks to good yields observed in this synthesis, this fullerene diol appears to be a new promising building block in fullerene chemistry.
Starting from the latter diol, new C60-based dyads and triads have been obtained, the electron donor moiety being the tetrathiafulvalene core or the perchlorotriphenylmethyl anion. The physico-chemical properties of these donor-acceptor covalent assemblies have been studied (UV-Vis, fluorescence, ESR spectroscopic methods ; electrochemistry ; photophysics).

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Barsotti, Vanessa. "Recherche et caractérisation de microorganismes dans les compartiments géologiques profonds". Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688631.

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Les compartiments géologiques profonds suscitent un intérêt grandissant dans la communauté scientifique depuis les 50 dernières années. Néanmoins, ces écosystèmes demeurent largement méconnus du fait de leur difficulté d'accès. Le forage profond réalisé par l'ANDRA dans le Bassin parisien en 2008 a offert une opportunité unique de les étudier. Dans ce cadre, cette thèse avait deux objectifs majeurs ; i) caractériser, d'un point de vue microbiologique, quatre formations sédimentaires terrestres triasiques situées entre 1700 et 2000 m de profondeur et ii) étudier les effets combinés des paramètres de température, pression et salinité ainsi que de leur interaction sur l'activité métabolique de procaryotes anaérobies afin de mieux appréhender leur comportement au cours d'un enfouissement géologique.Malgré la recherche de microorganisme par la réalisation d'une gamme de milieux de culture diversifiée, ciblant préférentiellement les types trophiques fréquemment rencontrés en subsurface (méthanogènes, fermentaires, réducteurs de composés soufrés), aucun microorganisme viable et cultivable n'ait été isolé. En parallèle, une approche moléculaire complémentaire, composée (i) de l'étude comparative de l'efficacité de différentes méthodes d'extraction directe d'ADN et (ii) de l'analyse de la diversité bactérienne par la réalisation d'inventaires moléculaires, par DGGE (Denaturing Gel Gradient Electrophoresis) et clonage, a été réalisée sur le coeur des carottes de roches, conservées à pression atmosphérique ou sous pression, dans leurs états initiaux et post-incubation. L'exploration de ces formations sédimentaires profondes a indiqué la présence d'une très faible biomasse et d'une biodiversité microbienne pauvre principalement composée de membres aérobies et mésophiles appartenant au domaine Bacteria. Cette communauté bactérienne inattendue car a priori peu adaptée aux conditions régnant in-situ, également retrouvée dans divers écosystèmes de subsurface ainsi que dans des biotopes extrêmes, pourrait provenir en partie d'une paléo-recharge de l'aquifère du Trias par des eaux froides dérivées de la fonte des glaces formées lors de la dernière glaciation du Pléistocène.Le second objectif a été abordé à travers l'élaboration d'un plan factoriel complet dans le but d'identifier les effets des paramètres sur les activités microbiennes. Ainsi, les activités métaboliques de huit souches microbiennes halophiles et thermo-tolérantes ont été mesurées sous trente conditions distinctes de température (40, 55 et 70°C), pression (1, 90 et 180 bars) et salinité (13, 50, 110, 180 et 260 g.l-1). Toutes les souches originaires d'environnements profonds se sont révélées être au minimum piézo-tolérantes et capables de maintenir leur activité métabolique sous pressions hydrostatiques. Les métabolismes fermentaires (Thermovirga lienii et Halothermothrix orenii) et thiosulfato-réducteurs (Petrotoga mexicana et Thermosipho japonicus) se sont avérés particulièrement bien adaptées, d'un point de vue métabolique, aux hautes pressions, les plus hautes activités ayant été détectées sous pression. Certaines souches ont montré une résistance accrue aux hautes températures sous pression (Petrotoga mexicana). Toutefois une résistance variable à la salinité dans les différentes conditions de température et de pression a été observée pour chacune des souches, suggérant que certains mécanismes de résistance contre la pression osmotique seraient également efficaces pour lutter contre les températures et les pressions hydrostatiques élevées.Ce travail souligne que l'étude des écosystèmes terrestres profonds d'un point de vue microbiologique ne doit pas se restreindre à la recherche et à l'analyse de la diversité présente. L'étude des activités métaboliques de souches de subsurface en conditions profondes ouvre la voie à une meilleure compréhension des rôles joués par les communautés microbiennes en milieu extrême.

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Paciência, Luan Pires. "Avaliação dos instrumentos de mensuração de competências socioemocionais no contexto escolar". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-29112016-163645/.

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Essa dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o comportamento manipulador relacionado à aplicação de instrumentos de mensuração de competências socioemocionais no ambiente escolar estimulado por duas abordagens que configuram contextos low-stake: o efeito da disseminação da informação sobre essas competências e suas relações com bem-estar e progresso social e da possibilidade dos professores receberem as respostas individuais dos alunos. Para isso, realizou-se um experimento com 2853 alunos de 10 escolas públicas da rede estadual de São Paulo. Os resultados indicam que os alunos são capazes de inflar suas respostas no sentido da desejabilidade social e que as duas abordagens fazem com que os alunos se sintam mais motivados em manipular suas respostas. Além disso, os resultados mostram que a inclusão de uma notificação sobre um mecanismo de detecção de respostas falsas no questionário cria uma barreira e desestimula o comportamento manipulador.
This dissertation aims to examine faking behaviour in personality assessments at schools. Two approaches that create low-stakes environments are investigated: information spreading about non-cognitive skills and their impact on well-being and social progress and the fact that teachers would receive individual students\' answers. Using a CRT technique with 2853 students from 10 São Paulo state public schools, we find that students are capable to fake their answers and these two approaches turn them more motivated to engage in faking. Moreover, we show that a warning about untruthful answers attached to the questionnaire imposes a cost, discouraging faking behaviour

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Hellyer, William N. "Assessment of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community Impairment from High-Aluminum Acid Mine Drainage in Middleton Run, Ohio, USA and the Impact of Ingested Aluminum on Crayfish Growth". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1399465953.

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Jansen, Kirstin. "Stable Isotopes and Metabolite Profiles as Physiological Markers for the Drought Stress Sensitivity in Douglas-Fir Provenances (Pseudotsuga menziesii (MIRB.) FRANCO)". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19617.

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In Mitteleuropa werden zukünftig häufigere Trocken- und Hitzeperioden mit wirtschaftlichen Einbußen in der Waldwirtschaft erwartet. Die Douglasie (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) wird als Alternative für die wirtschaftlich bedeutsame, jedoch trockenheitsempfindliche Fichte diskutiert (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.). Zwei Unterarten, die Küsten- (FDC) und die Inlandsdouglasie (FDI), sind im ausgedehnten natürlichen Verbreitungsgebiet in Nordamerika beheimatet, welches ein großes Potenzial für die Auswahl produktiver und trockenresistenter Herkünfte bietet. Unser Ziel war, die Trockenreaktion verschiedener Douglasienherkünfte unter Verknüpfung morphologischer und physiologischer Parameter und die der Trockenheitsresistenz bzw. -empfindlichkeit zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen zu erforschen. Ein Herkunftsversuch in Südwestdeutschland ermöglichte die Untersuchung 50-jähriger Douglasien verschiedener Herkünfte entlang eines Höhengradienten. Unter kontrollierten Bedingungen simulierten wir die Effekte einer Hitzewelle auf Jungbäume zweier Provenienzen. Wir analysierten die Kohlenstoff- und Sauerstoff-Stabilisotopenzusammensetzung, den Gaswechsel der Blätter, Veränderungen im Stoffwechsel und das Baumwachstum. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen bei FDC aus humiden Regionen hohe Wachstumseinbußen unter Trockenheit und moderat bis stark verringerte stomatäre Leitfähigkeit, unterstützt durch Photoprotektion. FDC aus Regionen mit starker Sommertrockenheit reagierten kaum mit Stomataschluss und Wachstumseinbußen auf Trockenheit, jedoch mit starker Osmoregulation und Monoterpen-Emissionen, welche zur Trockenresistenz beitragen könnten. FDI aus einer ariden Region zeigten hohe An, geringes Wachstum und stark antioxidative und photoprotektive Mechanismen. Die Herkünfte unterscheiden sich stark in ihrer Trockenreaktion und ihren Schutzmechanismen. Der Anbau trockenresistenter Herkünfte wird an Standorten von Vorteil sein, für die eine Häufung von ariden Sommerperioden vorhergesagt wird.
In Central Europe, more frequent periods of dry and hot weather are expected in the future with economic losses in the forestry sector. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) is discussed as a timber species alternative to the economically important but drought-sensitive spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.). Two subspecies, the coastal (FDC) and the interior Douglas-fir (FDI), are native to an extensive natural range in North America, offering a great potential for the selection of productive and drought tolerant provenances. Our goal was to investigate the drought response of different Douglas-fir provenances on the morphological and physiological level, as well as the mechanisms underlying drought resistance or susceptibility. A provenance trial in southwestern Germany established in 1958 allowed the study of 50-year-old Douglas-fir trees of diverse provenances along a height gradient. Under controlled conditions, we simulated the effects of a heat wave on young trees of two provenances. We analyzed carbon and oxygen stable isotopic composition, leaf gas exchange, changes in metabolism and tree growth. FDC from humid regions responded to drought with strong growth decline and a medium to strong stomatal closure, supported by enhanced instantaneous photoprotection. FDC from regions with very dry summer conditions showed a small growth decline and anisohydric regulation of stomatal conductance under drought, supported by high levels of osmotic adjustment. High monoterpene emissions might contribute to the drought resistance. FDI from an arid region showed high assimilation rates, low growth potential and a high antioxidant, photoprotective, drought and heat protective potential. The provenances differ greatly in their dry reaction and their protective mechanisms. The cultivation of drought resistant crops will be beneficial at sites predicted to accumulate arid summer periods.

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