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Schreuder, Frits, René Schalk i Sasa Batistič. "Perceptions of HPWS and performance: cross-level effects of team psychological contracts". Team Performance Management: An International Journal 26, nr 7/8 (4.08.2020): 429–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-05-2020-0035.
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Purpose This present study aims to examine how experiences of high-performance work systems (HPWS) in work teams affect employee’s work attitudes and performance. At the team level, the study explored the role of supervisory support in the relationship experienced HPWS -team performance. In explaining employee attitudes and behaviours at the individual level, such as organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB), the study adopted a psychological contract approach. Design/methodology/approach The moderating role of supervisory support was investigated at the team level while exploring mediation effects of psychological contract beliefs in work teams in cross-level relationships with individual attitudes and behaviours. Findings Results indicate partial mediation of fulfilment of psychological contracts in work teams in the experienced HPWS-OCB relationship. At the team level, supervisory support perceptions moderate the effects of shared experiences of HPWS on product and service innovation in work teams. Originality/value The focus on the employee perspective of HPWS, the factor-analytic approach of measuring HPWS experiences and the role of team psychological contracts in employee attitudes and behaviours represent the main contributions of this study to HR research.
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Chang, Yi-Ying. "High-performance work systems, joint impact of transformational leadership, an empowerment climate and organizational ambidexterity". Journal of Organizational Change Management 29, nr 3 (9.05.2016): 424–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-09-2015-0150.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test a multilevel model, supported by an ambidexterity perspective, to examine the process linking high-performance work systems (HPWS) and organizational ambidexterity using both unit- and firm-level analyses. Design/methodology/approach – The author collected multisource and multilevel data from 346 employees and 184 managers of 33 electronic engineering firms. Findings – The results revealed that unit HPWS were positively related to unit organizational ambidexterity. The author considers that the role of firm-level transformational leadership (TFL) is to create a climate of autonomy that can be delegated to promote organizational ambidexterity within units. Furthermore, a firm-level empowerment climate moderates the effect of unit-level HPWS on a unit’s organizational ambidexterity. The author contributes to the research on leadership and ambidexterity by revealing the impact of HPWS as experienced in the unit- and of firm-level TFL. The author also identify boundary conditions for pursuing unit organizational ambidexterity. Originality/value – Responding to the call for more research into the effects of the empowerment climate on employees’ behaviors and the behavioral outcomes of employees, this research reveals that not only is the macro perspective of HPWS at the organizational level useful to promote ambidextrous activities at lower levels, but also that the unit experience of HPWS more directly affects employees’ behaviors in engaging in the search for new opportunities for new products/services and refining current products simultaneously at the unit level. The broader implication is that the effectiveness of HPWS as an antecedent for organizational ambidexterity (Gibson and Birkinshaw, 2004; Kang and Snell, 2009) depends on the unit experience of HPWS being used to influence autonomous employees to actively undertake ambidextrous activities at the unit level.
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Huy Phuong, Tran. "High performance work system and intrapreneurial behavior: the role of relational psychological contract, self-efficacy and boundaryless career orientation". Организационная психология 12, nr 1 (2022): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2312-5942-2022-12-1-9-26.
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Purpose. The current study investigates the impact of high-performance work system (HPWS) on intrapreneurial behavior (IPB) with mediating effects of self-efficacy and relational psychological contract. In addition, boundaryless career orientation is expected to moderate the relationship between HPWS and IPB. Design. Employees were asked to indicate the extent to which they understood and experienced each HR practice within their firms. The final list of HPWS consists of 13 practices detailed in Appendix 1. The Employee Intrapreneurship Scale (EIS) consists of eight items, measuring two dimensions of IPB, namely strategic renewal behavior and venture behavior. Quantitative research design was applied with data collected from 283 employees using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Findings. The results confirmed the direct impact of HPWS on IPB as well as the indirect impacts of both relational psychological contract and self-efficacy. Mobility Preference moderated the above relationship while Boundaryless Mindset did not. Theoretical implications. This research confirms the relationship between HPWS and IPB and the mechanisms through which HPWS influences IPB. Practical implications. Building a long-term trust-based relationship between employees and the firm is vital in fostering IPB. Value of results. This study explores the role of general self-efficacy and relational psychological contract as mediators of the link between HPWS and IPB. In addition, it introduces boundaryless career orientation as a moderator of the HPWS-IPB linkage.
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Nguyen, Tuong Vy, Hsi-An Shih, Chu-Chun Hsu i YunHwa Chiang. "Experienced HPWS, Presence of Creative Coworker, and Innovative Performance". Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, nr 1 (sierpień 2018): 13928. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.13928abstract.
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Fu, Na, Qinhai Ma, Janine Bosak i Patrick Flood. "Exploring the relationships between HPWS, organizational ambidexterity and firm performance in Chinese professional service firms". Journal of Chinese Human Resource Management 6, nr 1 (11.05.2015): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchrm-09-2014-0029.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to better understand the indirect link between high-performance work systems (HPWSs) and firm performance in Chinese professional service firms (PSFs) by investigating the mediating role of organizational ambidexterity, i.e. a firm’s capability to simultaneously explore new ideas and exploit existing resources. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 120 Chinese accounting firms. The authors used hierarchical and polynomial regression analyses to test their hypotheses. Findings – The proposed positive link between the HPWS and organizational ambidexterity was found. Further, the results showed a non-linear relationship between organizational ambidexterity and organizational performance. Research limitations/implications – The present study is limited in terms of small sample size, single industry and self-report data. Practical implications – Firms which reported a higher level of HPWS demonstrated better performance due to their organizational capability to explore new ideas and exploit existing resources. In the Chinese context, firms that had high levels of exploration (exploring new resources) and exploitation (exploiting existing resources) or that had a high level of exploration experienced higher performance. The authors can conclude from these findings that without exploration, organizational success is difficult to achieve for PSFs. Originality/value – This is the first study examining the underlying mechanism of organizational ambidexterity in the indirect relationship between HPWS and firm performance in Chinese PSFs. It advances the authors understanding of HPWS and firm performance relationship in an Eastern country and an emerging context of PSFs. This is also the first study to use polynomial regression to operationalize organizational ambidexterity.
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Fu, Na, Patrick C. Flood, Janine Bosak, Tim Morris i Philip O'Regan. "How do high performance work systems influence organizational innovation in professional service firms?" Employee Relations 37, nr 2 (9.02.2015): 209–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-10-2013-0155.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how a system of human resource management (HRM) practices, labelled high-performance work systems (HPWS), influences organizational innovation in professional service firms (PSFs). In this study, innovation in PSFs is seen as an indicator of firm performance and is calculated as the revenue per person generated from new clients and new services, respectively. Design/methodology/approach – Quantitative data were collected from 195 managing partners, HR managers or experienced Partners in 120 Irish accounting firms. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Findings – The analysis results indicate strong support for the mediating role of employees’ innovative work behaviours in the relationship between HPWS and two types of PSFs’ innovation performance. Practical implications – Managers need to effectively adopt and implement innovation-based HRM practices to encourage and support employees’ creative thinking and innovation. Through the adoption and utilization of these practices managers can enhance the firm’s innovation and its performance. Originality/value – This study contributes to our understanding of the link between HRM and firm innovation by explicating a pathway between these variables. This study also generalizes consistent findings on the HRM-firm innovation relationship to a different context, i.e. PSFs.
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Simanjuntak, Heldy Theresia. "The Effect of Experienced High-Performance Work System and Perceived Organizational Support on Perceived Workload Through Psychological Empowerment and Job Demands". AFEBI Management and Business Review 6, nr 1 (19.08.2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47312/ambr.v6i1.420.
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<p><em>Discussion of the integrative model of high-performance work systems experienced by employees (experienced HPWS) and the perceived organizational support simultaneously test for positive and negative effects on perceived workload (PW). A recent study shows the situation that occurs in the company where employees feel burdened by the workload they have and do not get additional compensation for the excess work they do. As a company, Bayer Indonesia regularly conducts surveys to assess several aspects, including employee engagement. Based on the 2020’s employee survey result, employees perceive their current workload to be relatively high, which is evaluates as a result of processes, policies, and systems that occur in the company. This research is using Job Demands (JD) and Psychological Empowerment (PE) as a mediating. This research is an empirical study using quantitative data using a one-time data collection from survey to 200 employees. Data analysis using Structural Equation Model (SEM) -AMOS 22 software. The research has expected to provide insights to the respective company to evaluate existing policies and consider making programs that improve engagement and performance. In addition to these objectives, this study's results can add references for other researchers who want to do similar research or its modifications.<br /><br /></em></p>
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Bolland, Meredith, Andrew Guilfoyle i Romola S. Bucks. "‘I Think the Carer-Partner Dichotomy is Always Interesting’: Tensions in Health Professionals’ Engagement with Spousal Care givers of People with Parkinson's". Brain Impairment 17, nr 2 (11.03.2016): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/brimp.2016.3.
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Background:The spousal care givers of people with Parkinson's (PwP) have unique, first-hand information that is invaluable in the effective management of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is a dearth of research that specifically focuses on health professionals’ experiences of engagement with the spousal care givers of PwP.Methods:Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to describe and identify the meaning that health professionals working with PD (HPPs) gave to their engagement experiences with spousal care givers of PwP. Semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 12 HPPs were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed for emerging themes.Results:Two major themes emerged from the interviews with HPPs: (i) the Philosophy of Care (PoC) is an Intrinsic Element in the Engagement Experience; and (ii) HPPs Expressed a Deep Appreciation of Partners’ Support of the PwP. HPPs experienced significant tensions and challenges in their engagements with the partners of PwP, as a result of the interaction between their lived reality and their PoC. They also appreciated greatly the caregiving provided by the partners. The insights gained have the potential to ease or resolve problematic tensions within the engagement process.
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Baillien, Elfi, Denise Salin, Caroline V. M. Bastiaensen i Guy Notelaers. "High Performance Work Systems, Justice, and Engagement: Does Bullying Throw a Spanner in the Works?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 9 (4.05.2022): 5583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095583.
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High performance work systems (HPWS) have typically been shown to positively influence employee attitudes and well-being. Research in the realm of HPWS has, in this respect, established a clear connection between these systems and employee engagement through organizational justice. In this study, we analyzed if being bullied affects this relationship. Using reasoning from Affective Events Theory (AET), we expected that the positive association between HPWS and engagement through perceptions of organizational justice is impaired by experiences of workplace bullying. Moreover, we expected a remaining direct effect between HPWS and engagement, also attenuated by bullying. Our results in a sample of service workers in Finland (n = 434) could not support the moderating role of bullying in the indirect effect. Workplace bullying did, however, impair the remaining direct relationship indicating it disrupts the positive effect of HPWS on engagement. In all, whereas HPWS were found to be beneficial for not bullied respondents, it was associated with decreased engagement for the bullied. Our findings further underscore the importance of preventing bullying in our workplaces, as it may significantly alter the outcomes of positively intended HR practices into an undesired result.
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Anand, Anjni, i Veena Vohra. "What Helps Me Cope With Work–Family Conflict at My High-Performance Work System in India: A Thematic Analysis of Sociocultural Factors". Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 47, nr 1 (marzec 2022): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02560909221083282.
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Executive Summary This study is located in the context of high-performance work systems (HPWS) in India. Extant literature indicates that the darker side of HPWS and work intensification impact employee lives and trigger work–family conflict (WFC) experiences. With the shift in organizational focus on employee well-being, it has become imperative to understand and unpack WFC experiences of employees in the Indian sociocultural context to design effective and contextual remedial mechanisms. Responding to this need, WFC experiences of employees in Indian HPWS contexts were closely examined in this study to unpack the role of prevalent sociocultural factors. Additionally, the study explored how employees coped with these life situations. Since organizations are now beginning to work towards enhancing the well-being of employees, this study offers insights into what coping mechanisms are deliberately or inadvertently in use to evaluate their effectiveness. Studying the nature of WFCs and coping mechanisms from a sociocultural lens, this study identifies and develops four major themes. Passive acceptance of WFC, unambiguous communication, emotional and instrumental support from family, informational support at work emerged as the four significant themes discussed at length in this article. Insights generated from the discussion of these themes point overarchingly towards the highly personalized and localized, individual-level approach prevalent amongst employees of HPWS in response to WFC episodes. The discussion and conclusion sections highlight the need for well-designed and mindful organizational interventions built upon an understanding of the sociocultural factors at work to effectively mitigate the employee stress generated by the HPWS environments. This work is especially relevant in an era of pandemic-related work models, millennial workers and work intensification due to the increased digitalization of workplace practices.
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Balzano, R., M. Guidi, D. Sepio, L. Martini, V. Puro, E. Girardi i N. Orchi. "HIV/Aids and Mental Illness Dual Diagnosis: Exploring Healthcare Professionals’ Perspective". European Psychiatry 24, S1 (styczeń 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71101-0.
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Aims:A growing body of scientific literature emphasizes a strong linkage between HIV/Aids and serious mental illness. In the Italian context, specialized services for combined management of dual diagnosis are increasingly requested, and healthcare professionals (HPWs) have to face up the difficulty emerging by this new situation. To bridge these gaps, the present study aimed at studying the representations of dual diagnosis, analyzing HPWs’ experiences from their own perspectives, in order to understand their difficulty and create future good practices in healthcare services.Method:A quali-quantitative study was conducted with a multidisciplinary sample of professionals (N=91), drawn by HIV/Aids and Mental Health sites. Due to the exploratory nature of the research, data were collected from semi-structured interviews: HPWs were asked about their work experiences with HIV/Aids and Mental Illness. The interviews were fully audio-taped and verbatim transcribed. A computer-aided lexical correspondence analysis was conducted by a dedicated text-analysis software.Results:Data analysis showed out two main factorial dimensions: the first regarding the representation of the “Management of dual diagnosis within Health Services”, and the second one referring to the “categorization of HIV/Aids-Mental Illness co-morbidity”. Furthermore, four different Representational Conceptions were highlighted, corresponding to as many different ways HPWs use to represent/depict the aims of Health Service in relation to HIV/Aids-Mental Illness co-morbidity.Conclusion:This study reveals that socio-cultural meanings of dual diagnosis are not fixed; rather, they are ongoing co-constructed within the activities carried out by the HPWs involved in their specific health contexts in the exercise of their profession.
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Dymitr, Zofia, Hazel Partington i Jean Duckworth. "A Qualitative Investigation of Provers' Experiences of Participation in Homeopathic Pathogenetic Trials". Homeopathy 109, nr 03 (12.02.2020): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401011.
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Abstract Background Information on homeopathic medicines is derived from “provings” or homeopathic pathogenetic trials (HPTs), in which people (often homeopaths and homeopathy students) are invited to take an unnamed and often untested highly diluted and serially succussed substance, and record in detail their experiences and perceived effects. HPTs are assumed to have an “excellent safety record”, but there has been no academic research to date into provers' experiences of participating in an HPT. Aims This qualitative study aimed to explore the lived experience of participation in an HPT. It is hoped that the results from this study will inform the future conduct of HPTs. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted in person, by phone or via Skype, according to the interviewees' preferences. Thematic analysis was used for the generation of themes. Results Eight former provers were interviewed from across the European Union (EU) and Australia. Of these, seven were practicing homeopaths and one was not a practitioner. Overarching themes were identified as: (1) the ethical conduct of HPTs, and (2) the impact of participation in HPTs. Conclusion Former provers who participated in this study reported enthusiasm for, and trust in, the proving process. However, some also reported adverse events, which varied in intensity and duration. The process of gaining fully informed consent for participation in an HPT is complex and there were examples of both failure and inadequacy in terms of informed consent and support mechanisms. Recommendations The researchers recommend that HPTs are subject to ethical approval processes and that consent is fully informed and ongoing. It is also recommended that appropriate and robust support mechanisms be developed.
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Canha, Raquel, Filipa Castanheira i Joana S. Story. "Developmental job experiences (DJE): The relationship with HPWS and employees’ outcomes". Academy of Management Proceedings 2015, nr 1 (styczeń 2015): 14243. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2015.14243abstract.
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Singh, Ajay, Gangaram Singh i James R. Beatty. "Adoption and correlates of Western concepts of high performance work system in the IT industry in India". International Journal of Organizational Analysis 24, nr 4 (5.09.2016): 550–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-01-2015-0837.
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Purpose An interesting conundrum exists in India with its rise as an economic powerhouse. On one front, there is tremendous pride in asserting its Indian identity. On another front, it seeks to embrace Western practices to announce its entry into the world economy. This paper aims to examine the extent to which Indian information technology (IT) firms adopt Western concepts of a high performance work system (HPWS) and the correlates of such a system (pro-social organizational behavior and employee attitude). Data from 211 IT employees in India show widespread adoption of a HPWS, and more importantly several approaches to assessment indicate that a HPWS positively correlates to pro-social organizational behavior and employee attitude. Design/methodology/approach The sample consisted of IT professionals in India having a minimum of three years of work experience. The study has used a snowball strategy to generate the sample. Eight HPWS practices were included in the survey questionnaire to assess three dimensions of HPWS. Analysis was conducted to examine differences between the highest (i.e. top 10 per cent) and the lowest (i.e. bottom 10 per cent) and bivariate correlations of the surveyed employees regarding pro-social organizational behaviors related to altruism, job involvement and work involvement, and regarding employees attitudes related to job satisfaction, intention to stay in organization, level of morale and optimism. Findings HPWS is positively associated with employee attitudes and pro-social organizational behavior. It reflects the reality that HPWSs, at least as conceived by researchers from the West, have penetrated organizations in India. Moreover, they seem to complement each other and together they seem to have a positive association with employee attitudes and pro-social organizational behavior. As organizations in India continue with the march toward servicing the world in the IT sector, the present study suggests that they have a potent tool in a HPWS to keep employee attitudes and pro-social organizational behaviors high. Research limitations/implications The criticism of survey methodology approach adopted in the present study is that it has common method bias. That is, in the survey, respondents tend to score along a path with a common response. As a validation, the study has performed a treatment-by-subjects analysis of variance with matched participant scores on the three pro-social behaviors to determine whether the means of altruism, job involvement and work involvement were significantly different. As to convergence, much more causal data would be needed to make a definitive conclusion on the findings of the present study. Originality/value This is the first study of its kind to examine the adoption of Western concepts of a HPWS in Indian IT Industry.
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Linnan, Laura, Bryan Weiner, Amanda Graham i Karen Emmons. "Manager Beliefs regarding Worksite Health Promotion: Findings from the Working Healthy Project 2". American Journal of Health Promotion 21, nr 6 (lipiec 2007): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-21.6.521.
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Purpose. To explore differences in manager beliefs about worksite health promotion programs (HPPs). Design. Cross-sectional written survey. Setting. Twenty-four manufacturing worksites, with 11,811 employees and 1719 eligible managers. Subjects. Sixty-six percent (1133/1719) of managers completed the survey; 1047 managers were categorized by level (169 senior, 567 middle, and 311 line supervisors). Analysis. Results are reported on overall manager beliefs (and by manager level) about importance, efficacy, barriers, and benefits of HPPs. Multilevel analysis modeled the influence of manager level, age, and experience with HPPs on beliefs about HPPs, while accounting for worksite-level effects. Results. Seventy-five percent of managers believed that offering HPPs is highly important. Eighty percent believed that HPPs improved employee health, 68% believed that they reduced health care costs, and 67% believed that they improved employee morale. Few significant differences by manager level were observed on the perceived importance of health promotion, employer responsibilities for health promotion and protection, and efficacy of health promotion strategies or perceived benefits. Senior managers (vs. line supervisors) were significantly less likely to believe that space or cost was a barrier to offering HPPs and were less likely than middle managers or line supervisors to believe that production conflicts were barriers to offering HPPs. Conclusion. Targeted interventions to address manager beliefs, including differences by age, experience, and manager level, are worth consideration when planning worksite HPPs.
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Schoettle, Glenn Phillip, i Carol Basham Jones. "Hand-Sewn Proximal Anastomoses in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass without the Need for Partial Occlusion Clamping: Experience with the Heartstring II Proximal Seal System". Innovations: Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery 2, nr 4 (lipiec 2007): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/imi.0b013e318148c71b.
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Objective To evaluate the use of the Heartstring II Proximal Seal System (HPSS) in saphenous vein to aorta anastomoses in off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB). Methods The HPSS consists of an aortic cutter and a proximal seal system. A prospective study was done using the HPSS to facilitate proximal hand-sewn anastomoses in OPCAB without partial occlusion clamping. Intraoperative observations, including technical success and post operative clinical data, were recorded. Results Using the HPSS, 84 hand-sewn proximal saphenous vein–to–aorta anastomoses were done in 50 patients. In no case was conversion to partial occlusion clamping required. After deployment of the HPSS, operator evaluation showed acceptable hemostasis in 83 of the grafts. One graft required redeployment of a second HPSS. Each bypass graft was evaluated using the Medtronic Medistem Flow Probe. Acceptable flow probe values were present in all grafts, and no revisions were required. The mean length of time for completion of the proximal anastomosis was 5 minutes (range, 4 to 14 minutes). Postoperative clinical evaluation showed no adverse events attributed to the use of the HPSS. Conclusions The use of HPSS is a safe and effective method to avoid partial occlusion clamping in hand-sewn proximal anastomoses with OPCAB.
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Jones, Louise, George Moschonis, Andreia Oliveira, Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain, Yannis Manios, Paraskevi Xepapadaki, Carla Lopes, Pedro Moreira, Marie Aline Charles i Pauline Emmett. "The influence of early feeding practices on healthy diet variety score among pre-school children in four European birth cohorts". Public Health Nutrition 18, nr 10 (20.11.2014): 1774–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014002390.
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AbstractObjectiveThe present study examined whether maternal diet and early infant feeding experiences relating to being breast-fed and complementary feeding influence the range of healthy foods consumed in later childhood.DesignData from four European birth cohorts were studied. Healthy Plate Variety Score (HPVS) was calculated using FFQ. HPVS assesses the variety of healthy foods consumed within and across the five main food groups. The weighted numbers of servings consumed of each food group were summed; the maximum score was 5. Associations between infant feeding experiences, maternal diet and the HPVS were tested using generalized linear models and adjusted for appropriate confounders.SettingThe British Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), the French Etude des Déterminants pre et postnatals de la santé et du développement de L’Enfant study (EDEN), the Portuguese Generation XXI Birth Cohort and the Greek EuroPrevall cohort.SubjectsPre-school children and their mothers.ResultsThe mean HPVS for each of the cohorts ranged from 2·3 to 3·8, indicating that the majority of children were not eating a full variety of healthy foods. Never being breast-fed or being breast-fed for a short duration was associated with lower HPVS at 2, 3 and 4 years of age in all cohorts. There was no consistent association between the timing of complementary feeding and HPVS. Mother’s HPVS was strongly positively associated with child’s HPVS but did not greatly attenuate the relationship with breast-feeding duration.ConclusionsResults suggest that being breast-fed for a short duration is associated with pre-school children eating a lower variety of healthy foods.
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Bolland, Meredith, Andrew Guilfoyle i Romola S. Bucks. "I’m Losing the ‘Me’: Partners’ Experiences of Engagement with Parkinson's Health Professionals". Brain Impairment 16, nr 2 (wrzesień 2015): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/brimp.2015.19.
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Background: Partners of people with Parkinson's disease (PD) have first-hand knowledge relevant to the management of the person with Parkinson's (PwP). If captured, this knowledge may improve effective care for the PwP. However, there is a lack of research focusing primarily on partners’ experiences of engagement with health professionals working in PD (HPPs).Methods: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to investigate the meaning of partners’ experiences of engagement with HPPs. Semi-structured interviews with 15 partners of PwP provided primary data. Each interview was digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed for emerging themes.Results: Three themes emerged: (i) partners’ lack of entitlement for their own needs to be met; (ii) submersion of self in the partnership and (iii) health professionals as agents of support. Additionally, sub-themes were identified, such as barriers to feeling entitled, setting up a premise for entitlement, and lost identity. Together, these themes highlight the current lack of focus on the partners of PwP. A process model was developed to describe partners’ cyclic progression through the various stages of their experience, and in the process, identifying initiatives for intervention.Conclusion: Given a lack of focus on the needs of partners of PwP, these preliminary insights could inform the delivery of improved services that support partners. This will ultimately benefit the PwP.
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Turner, Kea, Margarita Bobonis Babilonia, Cristina Naso, Oliver Nguyen, Brian D. Gonzalez, Laura B. Oswald, Edmondo Robinson i in. "Health Care Providers’ and Professionals’ Experiences With Telehealth Oncology Implementation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study". Journal of Medical Internet Research 24, nr 1 (19.01.2022): e29635. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/29635.
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Background Rapid implementation of telehealth for cancer care during COVID-19 required innovative and adaptive solutions among oncology health care providers and professionals (HPPs). Objective The aim of this qualitative study was to explore oncology HPPs’ experiences with telehealth implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This study was conducted at Moffitt Cancer Center (Moffitt), an NCI (National Cancer Institute)-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center. Prior to COVID-19, Moffitt piloted telehealth visits on a limited basis. After COVID-19, Moffitt rapidly expanded telehealth visits. Telehealth visits included real-time videoconferencing between HPPs and patients and virtual check-ins (ie, brief communication with an HPP by telephone only). We conducted semistructured interviews with 40 oncology HPPs who implemented telehealth during COVID-19. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for themes using Dedoose software (version 4.12). Results Approximately half of the 40 participants were physicians (n=22, 55%), and one-quarter of the participants were advanced practice providers (n=10, 25%). Other participants included social workers (n=3, 8%), psychologists (n=2, 5%), dieticians (n=2, 5%), and a pharmacist (n=1, 3%). Five key themes were identified: (1) establishing and maintaining patient-HPP relationships, (2) coordinating care with other HPPs and informal caregivers, (3) adapting in-person assessments for telehealth, (4) developing workflows and allocating resources, and (5) future recommendations. Participants described innovative strategies for implementing telehealth, such as coordinating interdisciplinary visits with multiple HPPs and inviting informal caregivers (eg, spouse) to participate in telehealth visits. Health care workers discussed key challenges, such as workflow integration, lack of physical exam and biometric data, and overcoming the digital divide (eg, telehealth accessibility among patients with communication-related disabilities). Participants recommended policy advocacy to support telehealth (eg, medical licensure policies) and monitoring how telehealth affects patient outcomes and health care delivery. Conclusions To support telehealth growth, implementation strategies are needed to ensure that HPPs and patients have the tools necessary to effectively engage in telehealth. At the same time, cancer care organizations will need to engage in advocacy to ensure that policies are supportive of oncology telehealth and develop systems to monitor the impact of telehealth on patient outcomes, health care quality, costs, and equity.
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Senanuch, Chiranan, Takuji W. Tsusaka, Avishek Datta i Nophea Sasaki. "Improving Hill Farming: From Maize Monocropping to Alternative Cropping Systems in the Thai Highlands". Land 11, nr 1 (15.01.2022): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11010132.
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Lately, the Hill Pond Rice System (HPRS) is being promoted as a form of alternative farming systems in selected northern provinces of Thailand, in which the land conversion is designed to maximize rainwater harvesting in farmland consisting of forest trees, water reservoirs, paddy fields, and high-value crop cultivation to serve environmental and livelihood needs. This study employed the double-hurdle model and the tobit technique to investigate the farm-level factors associated with land conversion from maize monocropping to the HPRS using primary data collected from 253 households in Nan, Chiang Mai, Tak, and Lampang Provinces. It was found that education, farming knowledge, understanding benefits of the HPRS, access to water sources, access to advis, and workforce sharing raised the likelihood and extent of farmland conversion into the HPRS. In contrast, perceived complexity of the HPRS, experiences with negative shocks, and land tenure security lowered the likelihood and extent of land conversion. The findings suggest that on-farm collective action should be promoted to mitigate labor constraints in implementation and that access to equipment should be enhanced through HPRS advisors’ visits.
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Koorn, Remco M., Merel van Klinken, Everlien de Graaf, Rick E. G. W. Bressers, Adri P. Jobse, Frederieke van der Baan i Saskia C. C. M. Teunissen. "Who Are Hospice Patients and What Care Is Provided in Hospices? A Pilot Study". American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 37, nr 6 (13.12.2019): 448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049909119889004.
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Background: Hospices provide multidimensional care. In the Netherlands, patients with <3 months estimated life expectancy have access to hospice care. Insight into patients admitted to hospices and the care provided is lacking. In preparation for a national multicenter study, a pilot study was performed. Objective: The primary objective was to test the appropriateness of the study procedures and the availability of hospice patient records (HPRs), and patient and care characteristics. Method: A cross-sectional pilot study was performed using a descriptive exploratory design. Sixteen hospices were invited to participate, and HPRs from 8 deceased patients per hospice were selected. Data were collected using self-developed electronic case report forms. Outcomes: (1). Appropriateness of procedures: availability of HPRs and identified barriers and strategies. (2) Availability of patient and care characteristics in HPRs. Results: In total, 104 HPRs of patients from 13 hospices were enrolled. Various types of HPRs were found with different availabilities: nurses’ records were most available (98%) compared to volunteers’ records (62%). Overarching barriers were as follows: ethical issues, lack of knowledge, and lack of communication. Information about the illness was most available (97%), whereas descriptions of experienced symptoms were least available (10%). Conclusion: Collecting HPRs is difficult and time-consuming. Specifically, data from separate records of home care nurses and general practitioners were difficult to come by. Patient and care characteristics were alternately present, which led to an extension of data collection in HPRs to 3 time periods. Piloting is essential to adjust study procedures and outcome measures to ensure a feasible national multicenter hospice study.
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Hanak, Brian W., Diogo C. Haussen, Sudheer Ambekar, Manuel Ferreira, Basavaraj V. Ghodke i Eric C. Peterson. "Preoperative embolization of intracranial hemangiopericytomas: case series and introduction of the transtumoral embolization technique". Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 8, nr 10 (16.10.2015): 1084–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-011980.
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Background and purposeHemangiopericytomas (HPCs) are rare dural-based neoplasms. Preoperative embolization of these notoriously hypervascular tumors can be challenging as they often receive their dominant blood supply from pial feeders arising from the internal carotid artery (ICA) or vertebrobasilar (VB) circulation. This study reviews our historical experience with HPC embolization and introduces the transtumoral technique for backfilling pial tumor vasculature by delivering Onyx-18 through diminutive external carotid artery (ECA) feeders.MethodsA retrospective review of all preoperative HPC embolizations performed at Anonymous University #1 (September 2002–November 2014) and Anonymous University #2 (January 2014–November 2014) is presented.ResultsFifteen patients with pathologically confirmed HPC underwent 17 embolizations. More extensive devascularization percentages were achieved for HPCs with primarily ECA blood supply (76.4±10.7%; n=6) than with HPCs supplied via the ICA/VB circulation (57.9±26.9%; n=8; p=0.046). There was a trend towards greater devascularization of ICA/VB-dominant HPCs embolized with Onyx (70.0±34.6%; n=4) versus polyvinyl alcohol particles (33.3±15.3%; n=3). The extent of angiographic devascularization negatively correlated with intraoperative blood loss (rho=−0.71; p=0.005). There were no embolization-related complications.ConclusionsThe extent of preoperative embolization of HPCs correlates with decreased intraoperative blood loss. However, HPCs with an ICA/VB-dominant blood supply remain challenging embolization targets, demonstrating reduced devascularization percentages compared with ECA-dominant counterparts. The authors favor the use of Onyx for ICA/VB-dominant HPCs, noting a trend towards an improved devascularization rate.
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Karjanto, Juffrizal, Nidzamuddin Md Yusof, Jacque Terken, Frank Delbressine i Matthias Rauterberg. "Level of motion sickness based on heart rate variability when reading inside a fully automated vehicle". Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry 2, nr 2 (17.06.2022): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/mesi.7083.
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This study investigates the level of experienced motion sickness when performing reading while being driven in fully automated driving under three different conditions. One condition was without any intervention while the other two conditions were with the visual (VPIS) and haptic (HPIS) peripheral information system. Both systems provided the upcoming navigational information in the lateral direction three seconds before the turning/cornering was done. It was hypothesized that with the peripheral information systems, the experienced motion sickness would be reduced compared to the condition where a peripheral information system was not present. Eighteen participants with severe motion sickness susceptibility were carefully chosen to undergo the conditions using an instrumented vehicle with the Wizard-of-Oz approach. The participants were required to read from a tablet during the whole 15-minutes of automated driving. Results from the heart rate variability (beats per minute, root means square of successive differences, and high-frequency component) indicated no statistically significant changes (p < 0.05) in motion sickness found with the presence of HPIS and VPIS when performing reading when being driven in automated mode. However, results from this study were mixed and inconclusive, but overall findings indicated mild motion sickness was found in both VPIS and HPIS conditions.
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Moldjord, Christian, i Anne Iversen. "Developing vulnerability trust in temporary high performance teams". Team Performance Management 21, nr 5/6 (10.08.2015): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-08-2014-0050.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore one vital aspect of team performance, the development of vulnerability trust in temporary high-performance teams (HPTs), within the context of after-action debriefing sessions. Design/methodology/approach – In-depth interviews were conducted with military aircrew members about sharing vulnerable and personal experiences after action in a war scenario. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyze the qualitative material. Findings – The study identified six themes that influence the development of vulnerability trust in temporary HPTs: creating familiarity, caring attitude and recognition of other crew members, the power of transparency, fear of rejection, contradictions between team members and the number of listeners in a sharing session. All these themes appeared to have an effect on the development of vulnerability trust. Practical implications – The study shows how vulnerability trust may affect team development and team performance. Social implications – The paper not only specifically provides an insight into the development of trust in HPTs but also helps to broaden the understanding of the importance of trust for team development in general. Originality/value – The paper contributes knowledge on the development of vulnerability trust that is new to research on HPTs, and the study explores how vulnerability trust may affect team development and team performance. The data material for this research has been collected from military operators’ experiences in a war context. Such environments are often shielded from and minimally available for qualitative research.
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Sulz, Lauren, Sandra Gibbons, Patti-Jean Naylor i Joan Wharf Higgins. "Complexity of choice: Teachers’ and students’ experiences implementing a choice-based Comprehensive School Health model". Health Education Journal 75, nr 8 (28.07.2016): 986–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896916645936.
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Background: Comprehensive School Health models offer a promising strategy to elicit changes in student health behaviours. To maximise the effect of such models, the active involvement of teachers and students in the change process is recommended. Objective: The goal of this project was to gain insight into the experiences and motivations of teachers and students involved in a choice-based Comprehensive School Health model – Health Promoting Secondary Schools (HPSS). Setting: School communities in British Columbia, Canada. Design and methods: HPSS engaged teachers and students in the planning and implementation of a whole-school health model aimed at improving the physical activity and eating behaviours of high school students. The intervention components were specifically informed by self-determination theory. A total of 23 teachers and 34 school committee members participated in focus group interviews. The minutes of planning meetings were collected throughout the intervention process. Results: Analysis of the data revealed five themes associated with participants’ experiences and motivational processes: (a) lack of time for planning and preparation; (b) resources, workshops and collaboration; (c) teacher control impacts student engagement; (d) teacher job action inhibited implementation of HPSS action plans; and (e) choice-based design impacts participants’ experiences. Conclusion: Findings from this study can facilitate future school-based projects by providing insights into student and teacher perspectives on the planning and implementation of school-based health promotion programmes and implementing choice-based educational change initiatives.
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Chae, Kwan Shik. "After the Experience in China in the 1930s, Kim Tae-jun’s research of Korean Studies and Recognition of Historical Power". Journal of History and Practical Thought Studies 69 (31.08.2019): 90–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.31335/hpts.2019.08.69.90.
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Luquet, Martin, Olympe Tritto, Anne-Marie Cortesero, Bruno Jaloux i Sylvia Anton. "Early Olfactory Environment Influences Antennal Sensitivity and Choice of the Host-Plant Complex in a Parasitoid Wasp". Insects 10, nr 5 (3.05.2019): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10050127.
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Early experience of olfactory stimuli associated with their host–plant complex (HPC) is an important driver of parasitoid foraging choices, notably leading to host fidelity. Mechanisms involved, such as peripheral or central modulation, and the impact of a complex olfactory environment are unknown. Using olfactometer assays, we compared HPC preference of Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) females originating from two different HPCs, either with the other HPC in close vicinity (complex environment) or without (simple environment). We also investigated antennal responses to volatiles differentially emitted by the two respective HPCs. In a simple environment, HPC of origin had an influence on olfactory choice, but the preferences observed were asymmetric according to parasitoid origin. Electroantennographic recordings revealed significant sensitivity differences for some of the tested individual volatiles, which are emitted differentially by the two HPCs. Besides, presence of an alternative HPC during early stages modified subsequent parasitoid preferences. We discuss how increased olfactory complexity could influence parasitoid host foraging and biological control in diversified cropping systems.
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Kim, Ok-Hee, i Woong-Ki Min. "An Exploratory Study for Realizing Social Ethics of Regional Tourism Using Everyday Historical and Cultural Contents : Spatio-temporal Value of Poverty Tourism for Historical Experience". Journal of History and Practical Thought Studies 71 (30.04.2020): 291–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.31335/hpts.2020.04.71.291.
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Krendl, Felix J., Franka Messner, Gregor Laimer, Angela Djanani, Andreas Seeber, Georg Oberhuber, Dietmar Öfner i in. "Multidisciplinary Treatment of Liver Metastases from Intracranial SFTs/HPCs: A Report of Three Consecutive Cases". Current Oncology 29, nr 11 (15.11.2022): 8720–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29110687.
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In the 2016 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system, hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) and solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) were integrated into a new entity (SFT/HPC). Metastases to bone, liver, lung, and abdominal cavity are of concern. Only 37 cases of patients with liver metastases due to intracranial SFTs/HPCs have been reported. Herein, we present our experience in the management of patients with liver metastases from intracranial SFTs/HCPs. All consecutive patients who were treated for liver metastases from intracranial SFTs/HPCs from January 2014 to December 2020 were enrolled. Overall, three patients were treated for liver metastasis from SFTs/HPCs with curative intent. Two patients with bilobar metastases at presentation required surgical resection, transarterial embolization, stereotactic radiofrequency ablation (SRFA) and systemic therapy. One patient with a singular right liver lobe metastasis was treated with SRFA alone. This patient shows no evidence of liver metastases 39 months following diagnosis. Of the two patients with bilobar disease, one died 89 months following diagnosis, while one is still alive 73 months following diagnosis. Long-term survival can be achieved using a multimodal treatment concept, including surgery, loco-regional and systemic therapies. Referral to a specialized tertiary cancer center and comprehensive long-term follow-up examinations are essential.
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Briffa, Luke Jurgen, Charise Cutajar, Tonio Sant i Daniel Buhagiar. "Numerical Modeling of the Thermal Behavior of Subsea Hydro-Pneumatic Energy Storage Accumulators Using Air and CO2". Energies 15, nr 22 (19.11.2022): 8706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228706.
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This paper numerically models the thermal performance of offshore hydro-pneumatic energy storage (HPES) systems composed of a subsea accumulator pre-charged with a compressed gas. A time-marching numerical approach combining the first law of thermodynamics with heat transfer equations is used to investigate the influence of replacing air within an HPES system with carbon dioxide (CO2). The latter is able to experience a phase change (gas–liquid–gas) during the storage cycle in typical subsea temperatures when limiting the peak operating pressure below the critical point. The influences of integrating a piston and an inner liner within the accumulator to mitigate issues related to gas dissolution in seawater and corrosion are explored. It is found that the energy storage capacity of subsea HPES accumulators increases substantially when CO2 is used as the compressible fluid in lieu of air, irrespective of the accumulator set up. It is also noted that the length-to-diameter ratio of the accumulator has a considerable influence on the round-trip thermal efficiency for both air- and CO2-based accumulators. Another factor influencing the round-trip thermal efficiency is the presence of the inner liner. Moreover, the CO2-based HPES system yields a lower round-trip thermal efficiency over that of air.
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Laiho, Maarit, Essi Saru i Hannele Seeck. "“It's the work climate that keeps me here”: the interplay between the HRM process and emergent factors in the construction of employee experiences". Personnel Review 51, nr 2 (13.12.2021): 444–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-09-2020-0663.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the interplay between human resource management (HRM) and emergent factors in constructing a strong HRM climate. Specifically, the paper aims to shed light on how employee perceptions of the HRM process and emergent factors together construct a strong HRM climate, i.e. employees' shared perceptions of HRM.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses qualitative interview data (managers and employees) from two organisations operating in Finland. The data are analysed based on a systematic data analysis and gives an illustration of the interplay between high-performance work system and the emergent factors.FindingsThe findings illustrate the three types of interplay between HPWS and emergent factors – supplementation, substitution and suffocation – that construct employee experience.Originality/valueThe paper extends earlier discussions on the relationship between HRM and employee experience by empirically examining how the HRM process – together with emergent factors – constructs a strong HRM climate. The present study contributes to further theorising and increasing our understanding of the creation of employee experience.
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Umemura, Akira, Takayuki Suto, Akira Sasaki, Hiroyuki Nitta, Seika Nakamura, Fumitaka Endo, Kazuho Harada i Kazuyuki Ishida. "Pure Laparoscopic Left Hemihepatectomy for Hepatic Peribiliary Cysts with Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia". Case Reports in Surgery 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7236427.
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Introduction. Hepatic peribiliary cysts (HPCs) usually originate due to the cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic extramural peribiliary glands. We describe our rare experience of pure laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy (PLLH) in a patient with HPCs accompanied by a component of biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN).Case Presentation. A 65-year-old man was referred for further investigation of mild hepatic dysfunction. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed dilatation of the left-sided intrahepatic bile duct, and biliary cytology showed class III cells. The patient was highly suspected of having left side-dominated cholangiocarcinoma and underwent PLLH. Microscopic findings revealed multiple cystic dilatations of the extramural peribiliary glands; hence, this lesion was diagnosed as HPCs. The resected intrahepatic bile duct showed that the normal ductal lumen comprised low columnar epithelia; however, front formation on the BilIN was observed in some parts of the intrahepatic bile duct, indicating that the BilIN coexisted with HPCs.Conclusion.We chose surgical therapy for this patient owing to the presence of some features of biliary malignancy. We employed noble PLLH as a minimally invasive procedure for this patient.
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Brod, Meryl, Laura Tesler Waldman, Alden Smith i David Karpf. "Assessing the Patient Experience of Hypoparathyroidism Symptoms: Development of the Hypoparathyroidism Patient Experience Scale-Symptom (HPES-Symptom)". Patient - Patient-Centered Outcomes Research 13, nr 2 (25.09.2019): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40271-019-00388-5.
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Casali, John G., i Willliam H. Wright. "Do Amplitude-Sensitive Hearing Protectors Improve Detectability of Vehicle Backup Alarms in Noise?" Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, nr 15 (październik 1995): 994–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503901506.
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Signal detection thresholds to a vehicle backup alarm were determined for audiometrically-normal subjects under broadband (pink) noise at 75, 85, and 95 dBA. The objective was to compare detection performance achieved under two contemporary amplitude-sensitive hearing protection devices (HPDs), an electronic Peltor T7-SR earmuff and a passive, orifice-type E-A-R Ultra 9000 earmuff, against detection achieved under the conventional (non-amplitude-sensitive) counterparts to these muffs, a Peltor H7A and an E-A-R 2000. Amplitude-sensitive HPDs are intended to provide better hearing in low noise levels either through band-limited amplification of outside sounds (electronic Peltor muff), or through reduced attenuation via passage of low-intensity sounds (E-A-R 9000). However, for the noise conditions and common warning signal tested, the amplitude-sensitive HPDs produced no statistically-significant advantage in masked signal threshold compared to the conventional muffs. Therefore, it cannot be concluded that these amplitude-sensitive muffs will improve aural detection of important workplace sounds of similar frequency content to the backup alarm evaluated herein. A separate analysis comparing the dBA levels experienced under the Peltor electronic muff with the circuit on and off indicated that the subjects’ gain control setting did not significantly increase the noise exposure dose over amplifier-off conditions.
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Oezkan, Filiz, Woo Yul Byun, Clemens Loeffler, Udo Siebolts, Linda Diessel, Nina Lambrecht i Stephan Eisenmann. "Crown-Cut Endobronchial Ultrasound Guided Transbronchial Aspiration Needle: First Real-World Experiences". Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, nr 1 (29.12.2021): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11010163.
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Advancements in personalized medicine have increased the demand for quantity and preservation of tissue architecture of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) samples. These demands may be addressed by the SonoTip TopGain® needle, which has a 3-point crown-cut design that contrasts with the standard single bevel design of the ViziShot 2®. The objective was to compare the SonoTip TopGain® and ViziShot 2® needles by considering biopsy sample characteristics, diagnostic accuracy, and patient safety. The primary endpoint of the study was the number of high-power fields (HPFs) in the center of the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cell block per sample. The lymph node with the highest probability for malignant infiltration based on size and sonographic appearance was chosen as the target lymph node for 20 patients. The same lymph node in each patient was sampled using both the ViziShot 2® and SonoTip TopGain® needles. The samples were measured, sliced, and analyzed by a pathologist. Sixteen patients were biopsied with both needles. Four patients could not be biopsied with the SonoTip TopGain® needle since it could not penetrate cartilage or be repositioned to bypass cartilage. HPFs and sample dimensions were significantly greater in the patients where sampling with the SonoTip TopGain® needle was possible (p = 0.007 and p = 0.005, respectively). Diagnostic accuracy and safety profiles were comparable. Significantly more material can be sampled using the SonoTip TopGain® needle when cartilage penetration can be avoided. This improves the yield for molecular workup in the era of personalized medicine.
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Bryukhovetskiy, Andrey S. "Translational experience of 28 years of use of the technologies of regenerative medicine to treat complex consequences of the brain and spinal cord trauma: Results, problems and conclusions". Journal of Neurorestoratology 1, nr 1 (2018): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26599/jnr.2018.9040009.
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The retrospective study summarizes 28 years of cell therapy for neurotrauma of different origin. The four experimental groups were the groups of neurotrama that included traumatic disease of the spinal cord, traumatic disease of the brain and chronic vegetative post-traumatic state. The first group received transplantations of the fetal cells of neural tissue. The second group received the tissue engineering surgery with the transplantation of the fetal cells of neural tissue. The third group were the cases of the bioengineering pasty of the damaged brain tissue; and fourth were the cases of neurotrauma that were treated with the transplantation of the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic precursor cells (HPCs). The long-term follow up proved the cell therapy with HSCs and HPCs to be the safest and most effective.
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Hoover, Todd A. "Five Years of Practical Experience Using the Revised Proving Guidelines of the Homœopathic Pharmacopœia Convention of the United States". Homeopathy 109, nr 04 (15.03.2020): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701439.
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AbstractThe Homœopathic Pharmacopœia of the United States (HPUS) is one of the three officially recognized compendia of medical drugs in the United States. A well-conducted homeopathic proving is one pathway to entry into the HPUS. In 2013, guidelines for homeopathic drug provings were updated to better assess the methodology of provings and improve the confidence in the outcomes generated. In addition, the team who developed the revised guidelines included a pragmatic approach to assess the quality of proving outcomes in terms of their usefulness in determining the therapeutic profile. The monograph review team, composed of homeopathic clinicians and researchers, has evaluated 25 new homeopathic medicines for monograph purposes. The team has noted that the guidelines have helped frame and standardize the monograph review process. The revised structure for monograph reporting has enhanced the reviewer's ability to ascertain the therapeutic profile for a new substance. Sponsors have stated that the new guidelines have helped increase their conformance with Good Clinical Practices, helped improve the reporting and transparency of their provings, and may help safeguard provings as a valid research method. Similar harmonized guidelines have been adopted by the European Committee for Homeopathy and the Liga Medicorum Homœopathica Internationalis.
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Villagra, C. A., R. A. Vásquez i H. M. Niemeyer. "Olfactory conditioning in mate searching by the parasitoidAphidius ervi(Hymenoptera: Braconidae)". Bulletin of Entomological Research 98, nr 4 (25.02.2008): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485308005671.
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AbstractDespite the fact that insect learning capacity has been broadly demonstrated, the role that this process plays during mate searching has been scarcely explored. We studied whether the sexual behaviour of a male parasitic wasp can be conditioned to the odours from two alternative host plant complexes (HPCs) present during its first copulation. The experimental subjects were newly emerged males of the aphid parasitoid,Aphidius ervi, and two alternative HPCs (alfalfa or wheat). In the training protocol, copulation experience corresponded to an unconditioning stimulus and HPC odours to the conditioning stimuli. The initial (just after eclosion) and trained responses were assessed in a glass Y-olfactometer. The results showed that neither alfalfa HPC nor wheat HPC stimuli elicited sexual-related behaviours in initial male responses. Conversely, both HPCs triggered strong attraction and wing fanning courtship behaviour in trained responses when the male was exposed to a female plus HPC during training. In males trained with females plus a given HPC but tested with the alternative HPC in the olfactometer, trained response showed a similar trend to the non-associative treatments. Hence, through learning, the olfactory stimulus context present during copulation could become a predictive cue for further mate searching. These results are discussed in terms of parasitic wasp ecology and host fidelity.
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Fauzan, Nur Syafiqah, Ezrin Hani Sukadarin, Mirta Widia, Irianto Irianto i Ihwan Ghazali. "A Systematic Literature Review of the Factors Influencing Hearing Protection Device Usage among Industrial Workers". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, nr 4 (8.02.2023): 2934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042934.
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This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to determine the factors influencing the use of hearing protection devices (HPDs) among industrial workers. This study was guided by the PRISMA Statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) review method, and four databases comprising Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar were employed. A total of 196 articles were identified, and 28 studies on the factors associated with HPD use among industrial workers from 2006 to 2021 met the inclusion criteria. Resultantly, five main themes emerged from this review: sociodemographic (29%), interpersonal influences (18%), situational influences (18%), cognitive-perceptual (29%), and health-promoting behavior (6%) associated with HPD use among industrial workers. A total of 17 sub-themes were identified, including age, gender, educational level, noise level, working experience, social models, interpersonal support, social norms, safety climate, training, organizational support, perceived barrier, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, self-efficacy, and cues to action. The significant factors influencing workers to use HPDs are sociodemographic, interpersonal influences, situational influences, and health-promoting behavior. Future studies should focus on the cues to action toward human behavior influencing the use of HPDs, workers’ health status, and comorbidities of hearing loss. Therefore, this systematic study gives valuable reference resources for up-and-coming researchers as well as new knowledge to expert professionals and academics in various industries.
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Baldissera, Paolo, i Cristiana Delprete. "From PBL to innovation: a decennial case-study from an HPV student team". Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, nr 4 (2.01.2020): 773–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-01-2019-0005.
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Purpose The implementation of project-based learning (PBL) activities in the curricula of engineering students has become a consolidated method to improve their skills. The purpose of this paper is to share the experience acquired by the authors from a decennial case-study on a student team PBL activity focused on design and development of human-powered vehicles (HPVs). A review of the project evolution, boundary constraints and management choices could provide inspiration and suggestions to faculty staff that would like to set-up similar experiences for engineering students in their universities. Design/methodology/approach A student team was funded by the authors in 2008 to gather engineering students interested in design and construction of HPVs. In the past decade, the team has grown from 10 up to 60 students enrolled per year and stimulated to develop a range of HPV designs for sports and mobility. The project management evolved as a consequence to com ply with the growing ambitions of the group and complexity of the goals. Findings A thorough analysis of factors contributing to the success of the project led to identification of the key factors to increase student participation: persistence of the faculty staff is essential, attending competitions and challenges increases students’ recruitment and formal recognition of the activity through credits and the implementation of intermediate assessment steps increase the active participation rate. Bigger teams reduce the negative impact of recruits eventually abandoning the project in an early stage. Ambitious goals keep students motivated for longer periods and enable a virtuous circle by transferring enthusiasm and knowledge to new members. Research limitations/implications The activity is analyzed starting from a subjective experience perspective and some of the findings/conclusions may be not applicable in a different context. However, such review can suggest strategies on the long-term period to create similar conditions elsewhere. Social implications In the last part of the paper, it is pointed out how PBL projects can provide a fertile ground for innovation and lead to patents and development of new products aiming at the market. Originality/value This study contributes to provide an insight view of how a student team PBL activity can grow over a decade if guided by faculty staff.
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Lanfer, Jonas, Johanna Kaindl, Laura Krumm, Miguel Gonzalez Acera, Markus Neurath, Martin Regensburger, Florian Krach i Beate Winner. "Efficient and Easy Conversion of Human iPSCs into Functional Induced Microglia-like Cells". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, nr 9 (20.04.2022): 4526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094526.
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Current protocols converting human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into induced microglia-like cells (iMGL) are either dependent on overexpression of transcription factors or require substantial experience in stem-cell technologies. Here, we developed an easy-to-use two-step protocol to convert iPSCs into functional iMGL via: (1) highly efficient differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) from iPSCs, and (2) optimized maturation of HPCs to iMGL. A sequential harvesting approach led to an increased HPC yield. The protocol implemented a freezing step, thus allowing HPC biobanking and flexible timing of differentiation into iMGL. Our iMGL responded adequately to the inflammatory stimuli LPS, and iMGL RNAseq analysis matched those of other frequently used protocols. Comparing three different coating modalities, we increased the iMGL yield by culturing on uncoated glass surfaces, thereby retaining differentiation efficiency and functional hallmarks of iMGL. In summary, we provide a high-quality, easy-to-use protocol, rendering generation and functional studies on iMGL an accessible lab resource.
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Gonen, Mithat, Amanda Hummer, Alice Zervoudakis, Deidre Sullivan, Yuman Fong, Debabrata Banerjee, David Klimstra, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Joseph Bertino i Nancy Kemeny. "Thymidylate Synthase Expression in Hepatic Tumors Is a Predictor of Survival and Progression in Patients With Resectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer". Journal of Clinical Oncology 21, nr 3 (1.02.2003): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2003.06.060.
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Purpose: To investigate the role of thymidylate synthase (TS),p53, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) expressions in hepatic tumors in predicting overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and hepatic progression-free survival (HPFS) in patients with resectable metastatic colorectal cancer who were randomly assigned to receive either systemic chemotherapy (SYS) alone or systemic and hepatic arterial infusion (HAI+SYS) chemotherapy following liver surgery. Patients and Methods: Tissues from metastatic tumors were collected during liver resection from 156 patients, and marker expressions were determined using immunohistochemistry on frozen samples. Univariate associations between marker expressions and baseline variables with OS, PFS, and HPFS were examined. Independent predictors of outcome were determined using a multivariate Cox model. Results: In multivariate analyses, TSoverexpression was found to be an independent factor of poor prognosis in OS (P < .01), PFS (P = .06), and HPFS (P < .01). In addition, resection margin was a significant independent factor for all three outcomes. Patients who received HAI+SYS experienced delayed progression in general, and in the liver, specifically. Increased levels of serum alkaline phosphatase correlated with hepatic progression. We also found a significant TS-treatment interaction for OS (P = .01) in multivariate analysis. In particular, TS+ patients receiving HAI+SYS had significantly higher survival than those receiving SYS (64 monthsv 21 months; P = .01). Conclusion: TSlevels in hepatic tumors and resection margin are independent predictors of survival and progression in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, whereasp53and EGFRare not independent predictors. Treatment with HAI+SYS significantly improved the survival profile of TS+ patients.
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KHASNOBISH, ANWESHA, ARINDAM JATI, GARIMA SINGH, AMIT KONAR i D. N. TIBAREWALA. "OBJECT-SHAPE RECOGNITION BY TACTILE IMAGE ANALYSIS USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE". International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 28, nr 04 (czerwiec 2014): 1450011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001414500116.
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The sense of touch is important to human to understand shape, texture, and hardness of the objects. An object under grip, i.e. object exploration by enclosure, provides a unique pressure distribution on the different regions of palm depending on its shape. This paper utilizes the above experience for recognition of object shapes by tactile image analysis. The high pressure regions (HPRs) are segmented and analyzed for object shape recognition rather than analyzing the entire image. Tactile images are acquired by capacitive tactile sensor while grasping a particular object. Geometrical features are extracted from the chain codes obtained by polygon approximation of the contours of the segmented HPRs. Two-level classification scheme using linear support vector machine (LSVM) is employed to classify the input feature vector in respective object shape classes with an average classification accuracy of 93.46% and computational time of 1.19 s for 12 different object shape classes. Our proposed two-level LSVM reduces the misclassification rates, thus efficiently recognizes various object shapes from the tactile images.
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Makó, Csaba, Miklós Illéssy, Róza Számadó i Judit Szakos. "Workplace Innovation: Concepts, Regulation and Increasing Role of Knowledge Management : Theoretical Considerations and European Experiences". Pro Publico Bono - Magyar Közigazgatás 8, nr 1 (2020): 96–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.32575/ppb.2020.1.6.
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The paper addresses the challenges of a better scientific understanding of the complexity of innovation processes. In this relation the authors are stressing the need to adopt the so-called “holistic” innovation strategy integrated into the national innovation governance system in the innovation “front-runner” countries (i.e. Sweden, Finland, Denmark, etc.). The paper has two main parts. The first part presents the theoretical and methodological foundations of the innovation approaches and examines the following issues: macro- and micro (organisational) importance of innovations, innovation challenges in the public sector, comparison of variables measuring public and private sector innovations, notion and dimension of workplace innovations, hard and soft regulations of innovation, types and fast erosion of knowledge, underlining the growing role of knowledge management. The second part of the paper examines the empirical experiences of workplace innovation in the EU-27 countries, using certain waves (2005 and 2010) of European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) organised by the Eurofund (Dublin). Distinguishing four major types of work organisations (i.e. "discretionary learning organisation”, “lean organisation”, “Taylorean organisation” and “traditional/simple organisation”) important cross-country differences were mapped. Comparing the period before and after the “Grand” financial crisis (2008–2009) the share of “discretionary learning organisation” declined, reflecting the strengthening trend of the short-term cost efficiency seeking strategy of the European companies, while other strategies based on knowledge-efficiency seeking have been overshadowed. Finally, the authors outline the need – in both public and private sector – for a knowledge management based on the Employee Driven Innovation (EDI) scheme in order to create high performance working systems (HPWS).
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Talpalar, Adolfo E., i Yoram Grossman. "Modulation of Rat Corticohippocampal Synaptic Activity by High Pressure and Extracellular Calcium: Single and Frequency Responses". Journal of Neurophysiology 90, nr 4 (październik 2003): 2106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00894.2002.
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High pressure (>1.5 MPa) induces a series of disturbances of the nervous system that are generically termed high-pressure nervous syndrome (HPNS). HPNS is characterized by motor and cognitive impairments. The neocortex and the hippocampus are presumably involved in this last disorder. The medial perforant path (MPP) synapse onto the granule cells of the dentate gyrus is the main connection between these structures. We have studied high-pressure (HP) effects on single and frequency response of this synapse. Since effects of HP on various synapses were mimicked by reducing [Ca2+]o, results under these conditions were compared. Medial perforant path-evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded from granule cells in rat brain slices. Slices were exposed to high pressure of helium (0.1–10.1 MPa) at 30°C. HP depressed single fEPSPs by 35 and 55% at 5.1 and 10.1 MPa, respectively, and increased paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) at 10- to 40-ms inter-stimulus intervals. Frequency-dependent depression (FDD) was enhanced by HP during trains of stimuli at 50 but not at 25 Hz. Depression of single fEPSPs by reduction of [Ca2+]o from 2 mM control to 1 mM at normal pressure was equivalent to the effect of 10.1 MPa at control [Ca2+]o. However, this low [Ca2+]o induced greater enhancement of PPF, and in contrast, turned FDD at 25–50 Hz into frequency-dependent potentiation. These results suggest that HP depresses single synaptic release by reducing Ca2+ entry, whereas slowing of synaptic frequency response is independent of Ca2+. These findings increase our understanding of HPNS experienced by deep divers.
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Zhang, Mingming, Yi Luo, Yamin Tan, Jimin Shi, Weiyan Zheng, Yanmin Zhao, Zhen Cai i He Huang. "Who Is the Better Donor for Young Hematopoietic Transplant Recipients without Siblings: An Older-Aged Haploidentical Parental Donor or a Young Unrelated Donor?" Blood 128, nr 22 (2.12.2016): 2290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2290.2290.
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Abstract Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) outcomes from unrelated donor (URD) and haploidentical donor were very close in recent years, and both could be alternative donors for recipients without siblings. But when considering donor age, especially for young recipients (≤30 years) without siblings, whether outcomes can be improved with a young URD rather than older-aged haploidentical parental donors (HPD) is still unknown. Methods: Between 2008 and 2014, a total of 156 young adult patients with hematological malignancies without sibling donors were assigned to receive URD or HPD HSCT in our center. The strategy of donor selection between URD and HPD was as follows: If an HLA suitably matched URD (≥8 of 10 matching HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and -DQB1 allele loci and ≥5 of 6 matching HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 antigen loci) was available, patients were assigned to undergo URD-HSCT. If an HLA suitably matched URD was unavailable, patients were assigned to receive HPD-HSCT. Among them, 10 recipients received HSCT from URDs older than 40 years were further excluded. The transplant procedure had been reported previously (Yi Luo et. al. Blood 2014). Briefly, all patients received myeloablative conditioning involving BuCy without total body irradiation. The GVHD prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporin A, methotrexate, and low-dose mycophenolate mofetil. Grafts were granulocyte-colony stimulating factor mobilized peripheral blood stem cells without ex vivo T-cell depletion. Results: The median age of the finally included 146 young recipients was 21 years (range, 15-30 years). Of whom, 67 received HSCT from HPDs and 79 received HSCT from URDs.The median donor age of the HPDs was 46 years (range, 40-53 years), in contrast to 28 years (range, 20-39 years) of the URDs. Engraftment All patients achieved myeloid recovery. The median time and the cumulative 15-day incidences of myeloid engraftment were 12 days (range, 8-16 days) and 97.4% in the URD cohort, and 13 days (range, 8-21 days) and 77.6% in the HPD cohort, respectively. Myeloid recovery in the HPD cohort was significantly delayed compared with URD cohort (P<0.001). Two patients in the HPD cohort experienced primary platelet engraftment failure. The median time and the cumulative 30-day incidences of platelet engraftment were 13 days (range, 6-24 days) and 100% in URDs, and 15 days (range, 6-30 days) and 97.0% in HPDs, respectively. Patients receiving HSCT from HPDs experienced significantly delayed platelet recovery compared with those receiving HSCT from URDs (P<0.001). aGVHD The incidences of grades II-IV aGVHD were 45.5% in the URD cohort and 47.8% in the HPD cohort (P=0.78), respectively. The incidences of grades III-IV aGVHD were 14.3% in the URD cohort and 17.9% in the HPD cohort (P=0.55), respectively. Long-term Outcomes There was a trend of higher 5-year overall survival (OS) and relapse free survival (RFS) rates for patients transplanted from young URDs in comparison with HPDs (OS: 64.4% vs 59.6% (P=0.23) and RFS: 63.2% vs 49.6%; (P=0.20)),respectively. The relapse rate and non-relapse mortality (NRM) rate were comparable between two cohorts. For standard risk patients, a significantly higher 5-year OS and RFS rate were observed for patients transplanted from young URDs compared with HPDs (OS: 76.3% vs 52.7% (P=0.03) and RFS: 73.2% vs 53.8%; (P=0.04)), respectively. The significantly lower survival rate in the HPD cohort to some extent could be explained by the higher NRM rate in the HPD cohort (HPD 30.8% vs URD 13.9%, P=0.07). While for high risk patients, long-term outcomes were comparable between two cohorts. Conclusion: These data favor a young URD over an older-aged HPD for young recipients without siblings in standard risk; while for those in high risk, transplant outcomes were comparable between a young URD and an old-aged HPD. Moreover, myeloid and platelet recovery were significantly delayed in HPD-HSCT compared with URD-HSCT. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Kirstein, Martha, Steffen Marquardt, Nils Jedicke, Silke Marhenke, Wolgang Koppert, Michael Manns, Frank Wacker i Arndt Vogel. "Safety and efficacy of chemosaturation in patients with primary and secondary liver tumours: A single-centre experience after 54 treatments." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, nr 15_suppl (20.05.2017): e15625-e15625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e15625.
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e15625 Background: Chemosaturation with percutaneous hepatic perfusion (CS-PHP; Hepatic CHEMOSAT Delivery System; Delcath Systems Inc, USA) is a novel medical device, which delivers high doses of melphalan directly to the liver in patients with primary and secondary liver tumours while limiting systemic toxicity through hemofiltration of the hepatic venous blood. The aim of this study was to analyse the safety and efficacy of the second generation CS-PHP after 54 treatments at Hannover Medical School, Germany. Methods: Overall response rates (ORR) were assessed according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours (RECIST1.1). Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and hepatic PFS (hPFS) were analysed using the Kaplan-Meier estimation. Results: A total of 29 patients were treated with CS-PHP as last-line therapy up to five sessions. 19 patients had unresectable hepatic metastases from solid tumors (ocular melanoma [OM] n = 11; colorectal carcinoma n = 2; pancreatic adenocarcinoma n = 2; periampular carcinoma n = 2; breast and endometrial cancer each n = 1) and 10 patients were diagnosed with hepatocellular or cholangiocarcinoma (HCC/CCA). ORR was 19.2%. Patients with OM had the highest ORR (33.3%). Similar to patients with OM, patients with hepatobiliary tumours had durable disease stabilisation (40%). Median OS, PFS and hPFS were 261, 117 and 135 days, respectively. Tumour volume negatively correlated with OS. Complications and toxicites included thrombopenia, cardiovascular events, ulcerous bleeding and edema. Conclusions: Second generation CS-PHP seems to be effective and tolerable. Patient selection based on tumour volume end entity is of importance. Particularly patients with OM and hepatobiliary tumours represent promising candidates for CS-PHP.
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Nair, Sandeep V., Thazhath Mavali Ramachandran, Prajob Prasad Geevarghese, N. Sunil Kumar i Shine J. Pakalomattom. "Rigid Sigmoidoscopic Examination, an Investigation Down but Not Out: A 5-Year Single-Center Experience on 9418 Patients". Journal of Digestive Endoscopy 10, nr 01 (styczeń 2019): 044–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jde.jde_55_18.
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ABSTRACT Background: Rigid sigmoidoscopy (RS) in the present era of flexible sigmoidoscopies is falling out of favor although it continues to be used in some centers as an outpatient (OP) department procedure. Aims: This study aims to determine the utility of RS for diagnosis of rectosigmoidal pathologies in the OP setting with emphasis on neoplastic lesions. Methods: We retrospectively studied the RS records and histopathology reports (HPRs) of 5 years (July 2013–June 2018) done in the Department of Gastroenterology at Medical College Calicut. Results: During the study period, 9418 RS examinations were done, and a total of 6921 abnormalities were picked up, giving a diagnostic yield of 73.5%. Most common indication was bleeding per rectum (PR) (51%), followed by constipation (29%). The most common lesion found was hemorrhoids 39.8% followed by proctitis 13.7%, neoplasms 9.7%, and others 10.3% while 26.5% studies were normal. HPRs showed 7.7% to be malignant, 5.8% were adenoma, 12.2% were inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis (IBD UC), 2.2% were solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, 1.2% nonspecific colitis, 1.7% nonneoplastic polyps, 2.7% were normal, and 1.4% were inconclusive. Of the 4812 patients with complaints of bleeding PR, 4739 (98.5%) had a diagnosis after RS, of which hemorrhoids (72.7%) was the most common cause followed by proctitis (14.2%), neoplasm (9%), and others (4.1%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of RS in detecting neoplasia was 98.2%, 96.8%, 66.1%, and 99.9%, respectively, when HPR was gold standard. RS was found to be effective for assessing activity in IBD UC. Conclusion: RS is a simple, cheap, and effective tool for diagnosing various rectosigmoid pathologies. RS can be used as an effective screening test for rectosigmoid pathologies, especially neoplasia and IBD UC.
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Graham, Sheila V. "The human papillomavirus replication cycle, and its links to cancer progression: a comprehensive review". Clinical Science 131, nr 17 (10.08.2017): 2201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20160786.
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HPVs (human papillomaviruses) infect epithelial cells and their replication cycle is intimately linked to epithelial differentiation. There are over 200 different HPV genotypes identified to date and each displays a strict tissue specificity for infection. HPV infection can result in a range of benign lesions, for example verrucas on the feet, common warts on the hands, or genital warts. HPV infects dividing basal epithelial cells where its dsDNA episomal genome enters the nuclei. Upon basal cell division, an infected daughter cell begins the process of keratinocyte differentiation that triggers a tightly orchestrated pattern of viral gene expression to accomplish a productive infection. A subset of mucosal-infective HPVs, the so-called ‘high risk’ (HR) HPVs, cause cervical disease, categorized as low or high grade. Most individuals will experience transient HR-HPV infection during their lifetime but these infections will not progress to clinically significant cervical disease or cancer because the immune system eventually recognizes and clears the virus. Cancer progression is due to persistent infection with an HR-HPV. HR-HPV infection is the cause of >99.7% cervical cancers in women, and a subset of oropharyngeal cancers, predominantly in men. HPV16 (HR-HPV genotype 16) is the most prevalent worldwide and the major cause of HPV-associated cancers. At the molecular level, cancer progression is due to increased expression of the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7, which activate the cell cycle, inhibit apoptosis, and allow accumulation of DNA damage. This review aims to describe the productive life cycle of HPV and discuss the roles of the viral proteins in HPV replication. Routes to viral persistence and cancer progression are also discussed.
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Burt, Brian A., Carmen M. Mccallum, Joshua D. Wallace, Justin J. Roberson, Anne Bonanno i Emily Boerman. "Moving toward stronger advising practices: How Black males’ experiences at HPWIs advance a more caring and wholeness-promoting framework for graduate advising". Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 123, nr 10 (październik 2021): 31–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01614681211059018.
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Background: Graduate education provides students with specialized skills needed to advance science and discovery and prepares future educators and role models for future generations of learners. Given the importance of graduate education, the estimate that more than half of the students who begin it do not complete their degrees is troubling. Existing scholarship suggests that this substantial attrition from graduate school is in part due to inadequate advising. To address this concern, it is important to examine students’ experiences with graduate advising. Purpose: This article presents a new model—the Model of Wholeness in Graduate Advising (MWGA)—that characterizes a range of students’ advising experiences. In so doing, it encourages faculty to move toward a more caring and wholeness-promoting framework in graduate advising. Research Design: To better understand the complexities of graduate advising and the various types of experiences—and relationships—that students have, desire, expect, and need to thrive both professionally and personally, this study included interviews with 42 Black male graduate students attending historically and predominantly White institutions (HPWIs). Thematic analysis revealed that students’ advising experiences included aspects of “ethics of care” (or degrees of care: whole, partial, empty). Iterative analysis of data led to the creation of the practice-informing model: the Model of Wholeness in Graduate Advising (MWGA). Findings: Although some students described experiencing positive interactions and teachable moments with their advisors, others painted pictures of demoralizing encounters and public shaming practices. Still others described advising experiences they did not have but would want. Accounting for this range, the MWGA denotes an upwardly moving relationship between degrees of care (i.e., empty, partial, whole) and students’ perceptions of their advising experiences and relationships (i.e., weak, basic, strong) in part shaped by students’ expectations for their advising experiences and relationships, and their lived experiences. Conclusions and Recommendations: The findings from this study, represented in the MWGA, illustrate theoretical linkages between students’ expectations of advising, the levels of their advising experiences and relationships, and degrees of care demonstrated by their advisors. Most notably, more elements of care tend to result in better lived advising experiences and relationships. For current and future faculty, moving toward a more caring and wholeness-promoting framework might start with recognizing the needs of students as whole people. Creating more caring advising experiences and developing more caring relationships may better assist students in progressing through degree completion, and doing so more fully whole.