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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Expansion de soi"
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Yang, Xiaoming, Taiqiang Cao, Xiaohua Zhang, Tianqian Li i Hang Luo. "Numerical Investigation of Transient Breakdown Voltage Enhancement in SOI LDMOS by Using a Step P-Type Doping Buried Layer". Micromachines 14, nr 4 (20.04.2023): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14040887.
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In this paper, the transient breakdown voltage (TrBV) of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) laterally diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor (LDMOS) device was increased by introducing a step P-type doping buried layer (SPBL) below the buried oxide (BOX). Device simulation software MEDICI 0.13.2 was used to investigate the electrical characteristics of the new devices. When the device was turned off, the SPBL could enhance the reduced surface field (RESURF) effect and modulate the lateral electric field in the drift region to ensure that the surface electric field was evenly distributed, thus increasing the lateral breakdown voltage (BVlat). The enhancement of the RESURF effect while maintaining a high doping concentration in the drift region (Nd) in the SPBL SOI LDMOS resulted in a reduction in the substrate doping concentration (Psub) and an expansion of the substrate depletion layer. Therefore, the SPBL both improved the vertical breakdown voltage (BVver) and suppressed an increase in the specific on-resistance (Ron,sp). The results of simulations showed a 14.46% higher TrBV and a 46.25% lower Ron,sp for the SPBL SOI LDMOS compared to those of the SOI LDMOS. As the SPBL optimized the vertical electric field at the drain, the turn-off non-breakdown time (Tnonbv) of the SPBL SOI LDMOS was 65.64% longer than that of the SOI LDMOS. The SPBL SOI LDMOS also demonstrated that TrBV was 10% higher, Ron,sp was 37.74% lower, and Tnonbv was 10% longer than those of the double RESURF SOI LDMOS.
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Martin, Annabel. "Utilisation du réseau Instagram pour le « Soin de soi » : Quelles implications pour les interventions de marketing social ?" Management & Avenir N° 142, nr 4 (20.09.2024): 83–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mav.142.0083.
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Parmi les médias sociaux, Instagram est souvent positionné comme pouvant motiver des comportements de soin de soi tels qu’une activité physique régulière ou une consommation alimentaire saine et équilibrée. L’étude qualitative réalisée dans un premier temps identifie les apports perçus d’Instagram par les utilisatrices du média ainsi que leurs avis sur les contenus et les interactions sociales dans ce domaine. Elle se prolonge par le développement et le test d’un modèle dont les résultats confirment que la congruence des contenus avec le soi et l’authenticité perçue des interactions contribuent à la motivation de persévérance dans une activité de soin de soi, par l’intermédiaire et respectivement, d’une expansion de soi spécifique à l’activité et d’un sentiment de communauté. Les résultats confirment aussi que cette authenticité et ce sentiment motivent aux divulgations négatives de soi dans le but de recevoir ou d’apporter un soutien social aux efforts de changement comportemental. L’ensemble conduit aux préconisations pour les interventions de marketing social en termes de recrutement au compte d’intervention et de stratégie éditoriale et d’engagement média des personnes recrutées, ainsi que pour les communautés de pratique autour de hashtags et les groupes privés de changement comportemental, ou pour contrer des communications relatives au soin de soi mais risquées pour la santé.
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Choa, Sung Hoon, Moon Chul Lee i Yong Chul Cho. "Effects of Packaging Induced Stress on MEMS Devices and Its Improvements". Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (grudzień 2006): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.529.
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In MEMS, packaging induced stress or stress induced structure deformation becomes increasing concerns since it directly affects the performance of the device. The conventional MEMS SOI (silicon-on-insulator) gyroscope, packaged using the anodic bonding at the wafer level and EMC (epoxy molding compound) molding, has a deformation of MEMS structure caused by thermal expansion mismatch. Therefore we propose a packaged SiOG (Silicon On Glass) process technology and more robust spring design.
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Novoselov, A. S., i N. V. Masalskii. "Influence of Hot Carrier Degradation on the Characteristics of a High-Voltage SOI Transistor with a Large Drift Region". Микроэлектроника 52, nr 5 (1.09.2023): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0544126923700497.
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The results of studying the effect of hot carrier degradation on the electrical characteristics of high-power laterally diffused metal oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) transistors made according to the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, with a long drift region with topological norms of 0.5 microns, are discussed. The analysis of the degradation of hot carriers in high electric fields is based on the experimental results and the additional use of an analytical model. The physical origin of this mechanism is related to the formation of traps at the Si/SiO2 interface. With the help of numerical analysis and experiments, the electrical character-istics of SOI nLDMOS transistors are considered in a wide range of control voltages in order to study their effect on the safe operation zone and reliability of the device under conditions of the degradation of hot carriers. The results of these studies allow us to conclude that a 20% expansion of the safe operation zone is possible.
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Froberger, Kevin, Benjamin Walter, Melanie Lavancier, Romain Peretti, Guillaume Ducournau, Jean-François Lampin, Marc Faucher i Stefano Barbieri. "SOI-based micro-mechanical terahertz detector operating at room-temperature and atmospheric pressure". Applied Physics Letters 120, nr 26 (27.06.2022): 261103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0095126.
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We present a micro-mechanical terahertz (THz) detector fabricated on a silicon on insulator substrate and operating at room-temperature. The device is based on a U-shaped cantilever of micrometric size, on top of which two aluminum half-wave dipole antennas are deposited. This produces an absorption extending over the [Formula: see text] THz frequency range. Due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of silicon and aluminum, the absorbed radiation induces a deformation of the cantilever, which is read out optically using a 1.5 μm laser diode. By illuminating the detector with an amplitude modulated, 2.5 THz quantum cascade laser, we obtain, at room-temperature and atmospheric pressure, a responsivity of [Formula: see text] for the fundamental mechanical bending mode of the cantilever. This yields noise-equivalent-power of [Formula: see text] at 2.5 THz. Finally, the low mechanical quality factor of the mode grants a broad frequency response of approximately 150 kHz bandwidth, with a thermal response time of ∼ 2.5 μs.
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Chen, Siyuan, Jiaxin Qin, Yulan Lu, Bo Xie, Junbo Wang, Deyong Chen i Jian Chen. "An All-Silicon Resonant Pressure Microsensor Based on Eutectic Bonding". Micromachines 14, nr 2 (13.02.2023): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020441.
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In this paper, an all-Si resonant pressure microsensor based on eutectic bonding was developed, which can eliminate thermal expansion coefficient mismatches and residual thermal stresses during the bonding process. More specifically, the resonant pressure microsensor included an SOI wafer with a pressure-sensitive film embedded with resonators, which was eutectically bonded with a silicon cap for vacuum encapsulation. The all-Si resonant pressure microsensor was carefully designed and simulated numerically, where the use of the silicon cap was shown to effectively address temperature disturbances of the microsensor. The microsensor was then fabricated based on MEMS processes where eutectic bonding was adopted to link the SOI wafer and the silicon cap. The characterization results showed that the temperature disturbances of the resonant pressure microsensor encapsulated with the silicon cap were quantified as −0.82 Hz/°C of the central resonator and −2.36 Hz/°C of the side resonator within a temperature range from −40 °C to 80 °C, which were at least eight times lower than that of the microsensor encapsulated with the glass cap. Compared with the microsensor using the glass cap, the all-silicon microsensor demonstrated an accuracy improvement from 0.03% FS to 0.01% FS and a reduction in short-term frequency fluctuations from 3.2 Hz to 1.5 Hz.
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Pekarik, Jack, Vibhor Jain, Crystal Kenney, Judson Holt, Shweta Khokale, Sudesh Saroop, Jeffrey Johnson i in. "Challenges for Sige Bicmos in Advanced-Node SOI". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, nr 32 (9.10.2022): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02321196mtgabs.
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D-band (110-170GHz) spectrum is gaining attention for various applications, including 6G mm-Wave, sub-THz sensing, and radar. These systems require lattice spacing for antenna elements at sub-1mm and a very low loss signal path from antenna to integrated chip. A highly efficient front-end in a very small form factor will be required for these systems. This drives the requirement for a monolithically integrated high-gain, high-efficiency front-end that also leverages the benefits of a high-speed / high-density digital CMOS. Silicon germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT) integrated along with a high-density CMOS provide such an all-silicon monolithic solution. The US government is fostering the expansion of “unique and differentiated domestic manufacturing” with funding through DARPA’s Technologies for Mixed-mode Ultra Scaled Integrated Circuits (T-MUSIC) [1] program to enable disruptive RF mixed-mode technologies by developing high performance RF analog integrated with advanced digital CMOS. Through the T-MUSIC program, DARPA seeks to: 1) advance RF and mixed-mode devices to support ultra-wideband RF frontends from HF to 100 GHz; 2) integrate those devices with high density digital CMOS electronics at the wafer scale to enable embedded digital intelligence; 3) develop and explore ultra-high resolution broadband mixed-mode circuit building blocks for DoD-relevant applications; 4) explore innovative device topologies and materials to form THz devices in an advanced digital CMOS fabrication platform; and 5) establish a domestic ecosystem that facilitates enduring DoD access to differentiated capabilities for high performance RF mixed-mode SoCs. Under T-MUSIC, GlobalFoundries is demonstrating BiCMOS on 45nm PDSOI, which is the focus of this paper, and 22nm FDSOI CMOS with goals of increasing HBT performance of fT/fMAX from 350/500 GHz to 400/600 GHz and 600/700 GHz. HBTs with fT/fMAX of 380/550GHz GHz have been demonstrated building upon previously published results [2]. This paper will touch on some of the challenges that were encountered in achieving that result and discuss those anticipated in future work. Achieving these results required scaling transistor dimensions. Vertical scaling of the emitter, base and collector layers, with higher doping concentrations, reduces transit time but results in higher current densities and higher electric fields. Lateral scaling of the transistor structure reduces parasitic capacitance and resistance but concentrate the power dissipation in a smaller area. The thermal conductivity of silicon is 148W/m-K whereas that of silicon dioxide is ~1.4W/m-K. Even a thin layer of oxide will significantly increase the self-heating of the HBT. Therefore, we replace the SOI with coplanar epitaxy in regions where the HBTs are formed. The vertical scaling of the HBT requires limiting the thermal cycles that the HBT will experience during processing and suggests forming the HBT as late as possible in the CMOS process. However, the thermal cycles associate with the epitaxy and film depositions to form the HBT impact the CMOS transistors which suggests forming the HBT early in the process. We found a point in the process that offers the best compromise minimizing the impact to the doped-channel PDSOI CMOS while achieving the HBT performance goals. Work is just beginning on integration tradeoffs for FDSOI with metal gate and high-K dielectrics. Advanced-node CMOS processes can form components having smaller dimensions which offers advantages for lateral scaling but also presents challenges for forming the HBT. The contact height in 45nm is significantly less than the height of the HBT structure used in GF’s 9HP process. We changed the formation of the emitter and base so that the emitter and base contacts are almost coplanar in contrast to 9HP where the emitter was almost twice the height of the base. This problem is being further exasperated as we migrate to 22nm. The shrinking of BEOL wiring dimensions, along with the ability of the HBT to drive high currents, presents challenges in designing within limits imposed by electromigration. The use of wider wires is constrained by metal density rules. The use of stacked metal levels and redundant vias impact the parasitic capacitances and resistances of the interconnects. The paper and presentation will review these, and other challenges encountered in achieving BiCMOS integration of SiGe HBTs with fT/fMAX of 380/550GHz GHz [see figure] on a 45nm PDSOI CMOS and touch future work. This research was developed with funding from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and is Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited. The views, opinions and/or findings expressed are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. [1] https://www.darpa.mil/attachments/T-MUSIC_Proposers%20Day_Presentations_Combined.pdf [2] J. Pekarik et al., 2021 IEEE BCICTS, 2021, pp. 1-4, Figure 1
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Li, Haiwang, Yanxin Zhai, Zhi Tao, Yingxuan Gui i Xiao Tan. "Thermal Drift Investigation of an SOI-Based MEMS Capacitive Sensor with an Asymmetric Structure". Sensors 19, nr 16 (12.08.2019): 3522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163522.
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High-precision, low-temperature-sensitive microelectromechanical system (MEMS) capacitive accelerometers are widely used in aerospace, automotive, and navigation systems. An analytical study of the temperature drift of bias (TDB) and temperature drift of scale factor (TDSF) for an asymmetric comb capacitive accelerometer is presented in this paper. A five-layer model is established for the equivalent expansion ratio in the TDB and TDSF formulas, and the results calculated by the weighted average of thickness and elasticity modulus method are closest to the results of the numerical simulation. The analytical formulas of TDB and TDSF for an asymmetric structure are obtained. For an asymmetric structure, TDB is only related to thermal deformation and fabrication error. Additionally, half of the fixed electrode distance is not included in the expressions of Δ d and Δ D for asymmetric structures, thus resulting in the TDSF of the asymmetric structure being smaller compared to a symmetric structure with the same structural parameters. The TDSF of the symmetric structure is [−200.2 ppm/°C, −261.6 ppm/°C], while the results of the asymmetric structure are [−11.004 ppm/°C, −72.404 ppm/°C] under the same set of parameters. The parameters of the optimal asymmetric structure are obtained for fabrication guidance using numerical methods. In the experiment, the TDSF and TDB of the packaged structure and the non-packaged structure are compared, and a significant effect of the package on the signal output is found. The TDB is reduced from 3000 to 60 μg/°C, while the TDSF is reduced from 3000 to 140 ppm/°C.
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Corrêa, Sergio Fernando M. "PARRESÍA E CINISMO COMO MODO DE VIDA: FOUCAULT E A AÇÃO POLÍTICA". Sapere Aude 10, nr 19 (14.07.2019): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2177-6342.2019v10n19p221-234.
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Este artigo busca analisar as relações e tensões entre parresía política e parresía cínica que Michel Foucault apresenta nos últimos cursos no Collège de France, a saber, Le gouvernement de soi et des autres e La courage de la vérité de 1983 e 1984. Partimos de duas noções de política em Foucault: política como estratégia de governamentalidade e política como resistência e insurreição. O texto se empenha em problematizar as formas institucionais de participação política e traz como hipótese principal que a forma de vida cínica pode oferecer um conteúdo importante para a ação política. A forma de vida cínica passa pela valorização da corporeidade, pela vida simples e desapegada e pelo distanciamento dos costumes culturais e políticos. A partir dessa descrição do cinismo pleiteamos uma ampliação da comunidade moral e política.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Parresía. Cinismo, Democracia. Ação Política. Modo de Vida. ABSTRACTThis paper seeks to analyze the relations and tensions between political parrhesia and cynical parrhesia that Michel Foucault presents in his last years at the Collège de France, namely, Le gouvernement de soi et des autres de 1883 and La courage de la vérité de 1984. We start from two notions of politics in Foucault: politics as strategy of governmentality and politics as resistance and insurrection. The text tries to problematize the institutional forms of political participation and he brings as the main hypothesis that the cynical way of life can offer important content for political action. The cynical way of life goes through the valuation of corporeality, the simple and detached life and the distancing of cultural and political mores. From this description of cynicism, we plead for an expansion of the moral and political community.KEYWORDS: Parrhesia. Cynicism. Democracy. Political Action. Way of life.
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Locke, Christopher, Christopher L. Frewin, Jing Wang i Stephen E. Saddow. "Growth of Single Crystal 3C-SiC(111) on a Poly-Si Seed Layer". Materials Science Forum 615-617 (marzec 2009): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.615-617.157.
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A novel method for growing highly-crystalline 3C-SiC on an oxide release layer via a poly-Si seed layer is reported. Silicon carbide’s potential role as a ubiquitous material for MEMS fabrication lies in its dual role as an electronic and mechanical material. Unfortunately, due to residual stresses and crystal defects stemming from the large lattice constant mismatch and the thermal expansion coefficient difference between SiC and Si, the use of SiC in Si-based MEMS fabrication techniques has been very limited. The growth of 3C-SiC on a poly-Si seed layer deposited on oxide on (111)Si substrates (i.e., p-Si/ SiO2/(111)Si) provides an alternative fabrication method to expensive, traditional SOI bonding techniques for producing free-standing 3C-SiC MEMS structures. 3C-SiC grown with a poly-Si seed layer on SiO2 should experience reduced residual stress and far fewer defects due to the compliance of the SiO2 layer. Although poly-Si is utilized as a seed layer in this process, a well-ordered monocrystalline 3C-SiC layer was achieved and the process and film properties reported.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Expansion de soi"
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Nachit, Oussama. "Mieux comprendre l'EXPansion et l'EXTension de soi du consommateur : une application à un objet connecté". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UMOND008.
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Dans un monde technologiquement avancé où les objets connectés deviennent une partie de notre identité personnelle, cette thèse examine les relations entre les individus et leur montre connectée à travers les prismes de l'EXPansion de soi (Aron et Aron, 1986) et de l'EXTension de soi (Belk, 1988). Cette recherche met en lumière la manière complexe et riche dont les individus intègrent ces dispositifs dans leur conception de soi, modulant ainsi leur attachement et leur intention de poursuivre l'utilisation de ces technologies. Ainsi, la problématique de ce travail doctoral s'articule comme suit : « Quelles sont les relations entretenues par les individus avec leur montre connectée via l'EXPansion et l'EXTension de soi, et l'impact de ces dernières sur l'attachement et la continuité d'utilisation de ces montres ? » Cette question a conduit à une enquête structurée autour de quatre questions de recherche spécifiques qui cherchent à explorer les manifestations de ces processus psychologiques dans le cadre des interactions avec une montre connectée. Cette recherche adopte une approche mixte, combinant des analyses qualitatives pour détailler les expériences des utilisateurs avec leurs montres connectées, suivies de deux études quantitatives pour mesurer l'impact des motivations d'achat et des attributs de la montre sur l'EXPansion et l'EXTension de soi. Les méthodes employées ont permis de valider les relations hypothétiques entre les construits théoriques et les comportements des utilisateurs. Les résultats révèlent que les montres connectées sont perçues non seulement comme des outils fonctionnels mais aussi comme des éléments essentiels de l'identité des utilisateurs. Les résultats montrent que les motivations d'achat agentiques et les attributs de la montre impactent directement l'EXPansion de soi, qui à son tour facilite l'EXTension de soi, menant à un plus grand attachement et une intention renforcée de continuer à utiliser la montre. Ces résultats soulignent la séquentialité des processus d'EXPansion et d'EXTension de soi dans la formation de l'attachement aux objets connectés. Les implications de cette recherche sont significatives pour les fabricants de montres connectées, et les apports théoriques multiples s'inscrivent dans la littérature portant sur l'EXPansion et L'EXTension de soi. La thèse reconnaît les limites liées à la focalisation sur les montres connectées et suggère d'élargir l'analyse à d'autres technologies portables pour examiner si les découvertes se généralisent à d'autres dispositifsIn a technologically advanced world where connected objects become a part of our personal identity, this thesis examines the relationships between individuals and their smartwatches through the prisms of self-EXPansion (Aron and Aron, 1986) and self-EXTension (Belk, 1988). This research highlights the complex and rich manner in which individuals integrate these devices into their self-concept, thus modulating their attachment and intention to continue using these technologies. Therefore, the central problem of this doctoral work is articulated as follows: "What are the relationships maintained by individuals with their smartwatch via self-EXPansion and self-EXTension, and the impact of these processes on the attachment and continued use of these watches?" This question led to a structured investigation around four specific research questions that seek to explore the manifestations of these psychological processes in the context of interactions with a smartwatch.This research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative analyses to detail the experiences of users with their smartwatches, followed by two quantitative studies to measure the impact of purchase motivations and watch attributes on self-EXPansion and self-EXTension. The methods used validated the hypothetical relationships between the theoretical constructs and user behaviors. The findings reveal that smartwatches are perceived not only as functional tools but also as essential elements of the users' identity. The results show that agentic purchase motivations and the attributes of the watch directly impact self-EXPansion, which in turn facilitates self-EXTension, leading to greater attachment and a reinforced intention to continue using the watch. These results underscore the sequentiality of the self-EXPansion and self-EXTension processes in the formation of attachment to connected objects.The implications of this research are significant for manufacturers of smartwatches, and the multiple theoretical contributions fit into the literature on self-EXPansion and self-EXTension.The thesis acknowledges the limitations related to the focus on smartwatches and suggests broadening the analysis to other wearable technologies to examine whether the findings generalize to other devices
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Castro, Gonzales Milagros Alessandra, i Pereyra Jesus David Navarro. "Análisis de mejora de suelos arcillosos de alta plasticidad a nivel de subrasante mediante adición de cemento Portland para disminuir el cambio volumétrico". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626119.
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Esta investigación comprende el potencial de resistencia y la expansión que presenta el suelo, dicha evaluación es realizada mediante ensayos CBR. Se utiliza la técnica de suelo cemento para mejorar las características físicas y mecánicas, este proceso consiste en mezclar al material con cemento Portland Tipo I formando suelo cemento 10%, 15% y 20%, los cuales presentan un incremento del CBR (máximo: 138.7% y mínimo: 91.9%) logrando un tipo de subrasante extraordinaria para resistir la estructura del pavimento y una reducción de 7.18% en la expansión de las muestras.This research includes the potential for resistance and the expansion that the soil presents, this evaluation is carried out through CBR tests. The soil cement technique is used to improve the physical and mechanical characteristics, this process consists in mixing the material with Portland cement type I. That combination forms soil cement 10%, 15% y 20%, which present an increase of the CBR (max: 138.7% y min: 91.9%) achieving a type of extraordinary subgrade to resist the structure of the pavement and a reduction of 7.18% in the expansion of the samples.
Tesis
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Russell, Adrian Robert Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Cavity expansion in unsaturated soils". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22263.
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The problem of cavity expansion in unsaturated soils is investigated. A unified constitutive model for unsaturated soils is presented in a critical state framework using the concepts of effective stress and bounding surface plasticity theory. Consideration is given to the effects of suction and particle crushing in the definition of the critical state. A simple isotropic elastic rule is adopted. A loading surface and bounding surface of the same shape are defined using simple and versatile functions. A limiting isotropic compression line exists, towards which the stress trajectories of all isotropic compression load paths approach. A non-associated flow rule is assumed for all soil types. Isotropic hardening/softening occurs due to changes in plastic volumetric strains as well as suction for some unsaturated soils, enabling account of the phenomenon of volumetric collapse upon wetting. Results of isotropic compression tests, oedometric compression tests and drained and undrained triaxial compression tests performed on Kurnell (quartz) sand in saturated and unsaturated states and subjected to stresses sufficient to cause particle crushing are presented and used to calibrate the model. The model is also calibrated using results reported in the literature for triaxial tests performed on saturated and unsaturated speswhite kaolin and three load paths. For both soils the model leads to a much improved fit between simulation and experiment compared to that for models based on conventional plasticity theory. The model is implemented into a cavity expansion analysis using the similarity technique, extended for application to unsaturated soils. Cylindrical and spherical cavities are considered, as are drained and undrained conditions. Cavity expansion results for the bounding surface model and conventional plasticity models are compared for saturated conditions. Substantial differences highlight the importance of adopting a model that accurately describes stress-strain behaviour. Cavity expansion results for the bounding surface model and saturated and unsaturated conditions are also compared. Substantial differences, particularly in the limit pressure, highlight the major influence of suction and the importance of accounting for this when using cavity expansion theory to interpret results of the cone penetration and pressuremeter tests.
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Evans, Michael, Richard W. Stoffle i Elizabeth Krause. "Santa Fe Ski Basin Proposed Expansion Ethnographic Assessment". Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/271443.
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The purpose of this research study was to conduct an ethnographic assessment for an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) of a proposed expansion plan for the Santa Fe Ski Area located in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains north of Santa Fe, New Mexico. Along with expansion into forest areas outside the existing Special Use permit boundaries, the proposed plan includes new buildings, parking lots, lifts, ski runs, and snowmaking within the existing ski area boundary.
The ethnographic assessment concentrates on those cultural resources known to be in the area, as identified by Pueblo participants in the research study. This project had three objectives: a) what impact would the project have on the traditional uses, cultural uses, values, and belief practices of Tesuque Pueblo and other Pueblos' uses of the area; b) how would the ski area expansion affect the traditional use area of the Tesuque Pueblo and other Pueblos; and c) what specific areas of traditional cultural use, including those of Hispanic origin, would be affected by the proposed alternatives.
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Simões, Francisco Xavier Paranhos Coêlho. "Avaliação da regeneração óssea, sob a influência do laser de baixa intensidade, na região da sutura palatina de ratos após expansão da maxila". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23132/tde-08042009-152050/.
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Uma das condutas terapêuticas mais adotadas na prática ortodôntica para a correção da mordida cruzada posterior é a expansão rápida da maxila. A recidiva pós-disjunção demonstra a necessidade do uso de contenção para garantir o sucesso da terapia. A sutura neoformada e as maxilas devem se manter em sua nova posição por um período mínimo para adquirir estabilidade. Seria um benefício acelerar a neoformação óssea na sutura palatina após a expansão com o objetivo de reduzir o tempo do período de contenção. O uso do laser na regeneração óssea é justificada pela possibilidade de diminuir o tempo de contenção garantindo assim maior estabilidade pós-tratamento. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito do laser de baixa intensidade com diferentes potências na regeneração óssea na região da sutura palatina. Foram utilizados 20 ratos (Wistar), com 45 (quarenta e cinco) dias de idade, divididos em 5 (cinco) grupos, sendo 4 (quatro) ratos cada um, assim descritos: Grupo 1 Não irradiados nem submetidos a disjunção e Grupo 2 Não irradiados, mas submetidos a disjunção. Os Grupos experimentais serão assim distribuídos: Grupo 3 submetidos a disjunção e irradiados com dose única de 4J/cm2; Grupo 4 submetidos a disjunção e irradiados com dose única de 8 J/cm2 e Grupo 5 - submetidos a disjunção e a irradiação com 2 doses de 4 J/cm2. Os grupos irradiados receberam as doses no momento 0 (zero início do estudo) e dois dias após a primeira dose, quando indicado. A aplicação foi feita na sutura palatina mediana. Os ratos sofreram eutanásia, nos seguintes tempos: 10, 30, 70 e 150 dia e procedem-se a avaliação histológica dos tecidos. Para a análise dos resultados foi utilizado o teste Exato de Fisher. No grupo 1, observamos desenvolvimento normal do osso na região da sutura palatina mediana. No Grupo 2, observamos área de neo-formação óssea, com a presença de vários osteoblastos. Os grupos submetidos a disjunção e laserterapia (Grupos 3, 4 e 5) apresentaram comportamento similar entre si, mas com algumas particularidades. Com os resultados obtidos neste trabalho pode-se concluir que a laserterapia tem discreto efeito na remodelação óssea da sutura palatina em ratos e os grupos experimentais apresentaram menor grau de inflamação da região estudada, mas não foi estatisticamente significante.Rapid maxillary expansion is one of the therapy used in the practice orthodontic to the posterior crossbite correction. Relapsed after expansion treatment required a contention device to guarantee a success therapy. The neoformation suture and the maxilla have maintained in the new position for a period to get the stability. To accelerate the osseous regeneration in the medline suture after expansion to reduce the retention period. The use of laser in the osseous regeneration its possible to decreased the retention period to guarantee the stability after treatment. The aim of the study was to investigate the low power laser efect with different power in the osseous regeneration in the midline palatal suture. Twenty male rats (Wistar) 45 days old were used. The animals were divided into five groups: group 1 Non irradiation and non expansion; group 2 Non irradiation and expansion; group 3 expansion and one dose of irradiation 4J/cm2; group 4 expansion and one dose of irradiation 8 J/cm2;: and group 5 - expansion and two dose of irradiation 4 J/cm2. The irradiation groups were irradiated in the first day and the group 5, the second irradiation was two days after the first time. The irradiation was done in the palatal suture. The animals received intraperitoneally injection in the: 10, 30, 70 and 150 day and were evaluated histologically. The results was analysis by the Fisher test. Group 1 showed a osseous normal development in the midline palatal suture. Group 2 showed a osseous regeneration with oesteoblasts. The expansion and lasertherapy group (group 3, 4 e 5) showed similar results. The conclusions drawn from this study are that the laser therapy has a light effect in the osseous regeneration in the midline palatal suture in rats and the experimental group showed less inflammation in the suture area but not statistically significance.
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Sapkota, Binod Kumar. "Soil/pavement interaction for pavements on expansive soil". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1994.
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Ehrenstråhle, Carl. "Polynomial Expansion-Based Displacement Calculation on FPGA". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Datorteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-132755.
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This thesis implements a system for calculating the displacement between two consecutive video frames. The displacement is calculated using a polynomial expansion-based algorithm. A unit tested bottoms-up approach is successfully used to design and implement the system. The designed and implemented system is thoroughly elaborated upon. The chosen algorithm and its computational details are presented to provide context to the implemented system. Some of the major issues and their impact on the system are discussed.
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Guidi, Claudia. "Soil organic carbon responses to forest expansion on mountain grasslands". Doctoral thesis, country:DK, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10449/25091.
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Grassland abandonment followed by progressive forest expansion is the dominant land-use change in the European Alps. Contrasting trends in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks have been reported for mountainous regions following forest expansion on grasslands. Moreover, its effects on SOC properties involved into long-term stability are largely unknown. The aim of this PhD thesis was to explore changes in: (i) SOC stocks; (ii) physical SOC fractions and their sensitivity to SOC changes; and (iii) labile carbon (C) in soil and fractions following forest expansion on mountain grasslands. A land-use gradient located in the Southern Alps (Italy) was examined, comprising managed grassland, two transitional phases in which grassland abandonment led to colonization by Picea abies (L.) Karst., and old forest dominated by Fagus sylvatica L. and P. abies. Organic and mineral soil layers were collected within three plots for each successional stage. Soil samples were fractionated according to: (i) aggregate size fractionation, separating aggregates through wet-sieving, and (ii) size-density fractionation, separating stable aggregates from particulate organic matter (POM) non-occluded within aggregates. Changes in labile soil C were assessed by analysis of carbohydrate monomers and by thermal analysis of soil and size-density fractions.
Our study showed that mineral SOC stocks were lower in early-stage and old forest (-28% in the top 10 cm of mineral soil) than in managed and abandoned grassland. The SOC accumulation within the organic layers following forest establishment could not fully compensate the mineral SOC stock difference between forest and grassland successional stages.
The dimension of aggregates assessed by aggregate size fractionation tended to increase, while SOC allocation to stable aggregates assessed by size-density fractionation decreased following conversion of grassland to forest (e.g from 81 to 59% in the 0-5 cm layer). Higher SOC allocation to POM fraction in the mineral soil, together with changed carbon distribution between mineral and organic soil layers, suggest an overall decrease in physical SOC protection and a concomitant shift to unprotected SOC fractions. The size-density fractions showed higher sensitivity to SOC changes than aggregate size fractions and therefore may be better suited for the detection of SOC changes.
Carbohydrate and thermal analyses indicated higher shares of labile soil C in grassland abandoned since 10 years than in managed grassland and forest successional stages. Ratios of
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microbially to plant-derived carbohydrates decreased from grassland to forest successional stages, and corresponded to decreased SOC allocation to stable aggregates.
Forest expansion on mountain grasslands caused a decrease in SOC stocks within the mineral soil and in physically protected SOC fractions, which can be explained by lower accumulation of binding agents of microbial origin. This can have implications for the accumulation of atmospheric CO2 in soil and for the susceptibility of SOC to external disturbances such as management and environmental changes.
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Abed, Ayman A. "Numerical modeling of expansive soil behavior /". Stuttgart : IGS, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016534652&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Zein, Abdel Karim Mohammad. "Swelling characteristics and microfabric of compacted black cotton soil". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332595.
Pełny tekst źródłaKsiążki na temat "Expansion de soi"
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International Conference on Expansive Soils. (6th 1987 New Delhi, India). Proceedings, 6th International Conference on Expansive Soils =: 6 ème Conferénce Internationale des Sols Expansifs. Rotterdam: Balkema, 1988.
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Scotland, Countryside Commission for. Skiing at Cairngorm: Proposed westward expansion : a policy paper. Redgorton, Perth: The Commission, 1989.
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Chen, F. H. Foundations on expansive soils. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1988.
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International, Conference on Expansive Soils (6th 1987 New Delhi India). Proceedings, 6th International Conference on Expansive Soils, 1-4 December 1987, New Delhi, India =: 6 ème Conferénce Internationale des Sols Expansifs. New Delhi, India: The Board, 1987.
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Katti, R. K. Behaviour of saturated expansive soil and control methods. Lisse [Netherlands]: Balkema, 2002.
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Katti, R. K. Behaviour of saturated expansive soil and control methods. Rotterdam: Balkema, 1994.
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Klingenberg, Warse. Manufacturing strategy and expansion at Robert Wright & Son (Coachworks) Ltd.. [s.l: The Author], 1995.
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National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board., red. Evaluation and control of expansive soils. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1985.
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Ali, Al-Rawas Amer, i Goosen Mattheus F. A, red. Expansive soil: Recent advances in characterization and treatment. Leiden: Taylor & Francis / Balkema, 2006.
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Ali, Al-Rawas Amer, i Goosen Mattheus F. A, red. Expansive soils: Recent advances in characterization and treatment. London: Taylor & Francis, 2006.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Expansion de soi"
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Osman, Khan Towhid. "Expansive Soils". W Management of Soil Problems, 117–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75527-4_6.
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Fina, Stefan. "Drivers of urban expansion". W Urban Expansion, Land Cover and Soil Ecosystem Services, 85–119. London ; Boston : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315715674-5.
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Gardi, Ciro. "Is urban expansion a problem?" W Urban Expansion, Land Cover and Soil Ecosystem Services, 3–18. London ; Boston : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315715674-1.
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Lorenz, Klaus, i Rattan Lal. "Impacts of land take and soil sealing on soil carbon". W Urban Expansion, Land Cover and Soil Ecosystem Services, 181–92. London ; Boston : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315715674-10.
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Perini, Luigi, Andrea Colantoni, Gianluca Renzi i Luca Salvati. "Urban sprawl, soil sealing and impacts on local climate". W Urban Expansion, Land Cover and Soil Ecosystem Services, 193–203. London ; Boston : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315715674-11.
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Cugny-Seguin, Marie. "Impacts of urban sprawl on landscapes". W Urban Expansion, Land Cover and Soil Ecosystem Services, 204–14. London ; Boston : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315715674-12.
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Munafò, Michele, i Luca Congedo. "Soil consumption monitoring in Italy". W Urban Expansion, Land Cover and Soil Ecosystem Services, 217–30. London ; Boston : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315715674-13.
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Song, Xiaoqing, i Zhifeng Wu. "Urban land expansion and its impacts on cultivated land in the Pearl River Delta, China". W Urban Expansion, Land Cover and Soil Ecosystem Services, 231–37. London ; Boston : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315715674-14.
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Colditz, René R., María Isabel Cruz López, Adrian Guillermo Aguilar Martínez, José Manuel Dávila Rosas i Rainer A. Ressl. "Urbanization in Latin America with a particular emphasis on Mexico". W Urban Expansion, Land Cover and Soil Ecosystem Services, 238–57. London ; Boston : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315715674-15.
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Munafò, Michele, i Luca Congedo. "Monitoring built-up areas in Dar es Salaam using free images". W Urban Expansion, Land Cover and Soil Ecosystem Services, 258–61. London ; Boston : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315715674-16.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Expansion de soi"
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Patton, Gary. "Evolution and expansion of SOI in VLSI technologies: Planar to 3D". W 2012 IEEE International SOI Conference. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/soi.2012.6404357.
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Torres, F., E. Kerherve i A. Cathelin. "90° Hybrid coupler design technique for wideband and multimode mm-wave operations featuring lateral ground planes virtual expansion in 28nm FD-SOI CMOS technology". W 2018 IEEE 9th Latin American Symposium on Circuits & Systems (LASCAS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lascas.2018.8399917.
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Si, Jinzhao, Shuangcheng Zhang i Yufen Niu. "PS-InSAR and UAV technology used in the stability study of Ankang expansive soil airport". W 5th Joint International Symposium on Deformation Monitoring. Valencia: Editorial de la Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/jisdm2022.2022.13869.
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Expansive soil is a natural geological body with obvious expansion and contraction, multiple fissures and other undesirable properties. The deformation monitoring of expansive soil in high-fill areas under the combined action of wet expansion and dry contraction has become a hotspot of related research. to large-scale soil disasters. Time-series Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology is widely used in the monitoring of various geological hazards due to its advantages of wide coverage, high monitoring accuracy, and all-weather operation. This study takes Ankang Airport (AKA) expansive soil airport as an example. First, the ground digital elevation model (DEM) of the airport filling area was obtained by using UAV; secondly, the deformation rate and deformation time series of the expansive soil airport were obtained by using the persistent scatterer InSAR (PS-InSAR) technology; third, for the coherence In poor areas, artificial corner reflectors (CR) are arranged to increase stable scattering points; Finally, the deformation time series of feature points are extracted, combined with regional precipitation data analysis, the relationship between the periodic deformation of the airport expansive soil slope and rainfall. There is a subsidence trend along the LOS direction in the dry season, which is consistent with the expansion and contraction characteristics of expansive soils. Finally, the deformation rate is proportional to the depth of the expansive soil fill. It is judged that the existing small surface deformation and its periodic deformation distribution are caused by the combined action of the settlement after construction of the expansive soil filling area and the expansion and contraction characteristics of the expansive soil.
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Mao, Jianshu, Yixiao Zhang, Yue Ma, Xiao Ma, Zhi Wang, Zhenqian Wang i Shijin Shuai. "Optical diagnostic study on ammonia-diesel and ammonia-PODE dual fuel engines". W WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2362.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Ammonia shows promise as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines (ICEs) in reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions due to its carbon-free nature and well-established infrastructure. However, certain drawbacks, such as the high ignition energy, the narrow flammability range, and the extremely low laminar flame speed, limit its widespread application. The dual fuel (DF) mode is an appealing approach to enhance ammonia combustion. The combustion characteristics of ammonia-diesel dual fuel mode and ammonia-PODE<sub>3</sub> dual fuel mode were experimentally studied using a full-view optical engine and the high-speed photography method. The ammonia energy ratio (ER<sub>a</sub>) was varied from 40% to 60%, and the main injection energy ratio (ER<sub>Inj1</sub>) and the main injection time (SOI<sub>1</sub>) were also varied in ammonia-PODE<sub>3</sub> mode. The findings demonstrate that ammonia-PODE<sub>3</sub> mode exhibits better ignition characteristics than ammonia-diesel mode, resulting in an earlier ignition start, a larger flame area, a larger flame expansion speed, a shorter ignition delay time (IDT) and a shorter combustion duration (CD) due to the higher cetane number (CN) and a greater injection mass of PODE<sub>3</sub> at the same energy input. Ammonia-PODE<sub>3</sub> mode achieves larger maximum cylinder pressure (P<sub>max</sub>) and peak heat release rate (HRR) compared to ammonia-diesel mode. Furthermore, almost no soot was observed in ammonia-PODE<sub>3</sub> mode throughout the entire combustion process. The results also indicate the start of the ignition is delayed and the first peak flame expansion speed decreases at a higher ammonia energy ratio. The maximum flame area is the largest at ER<sub>a</sub> = 60%, but the peak cylinder pressure and IMEP reach their highest values at ER<sub>a</sub> = 50%. Both the first peak flame area and the first peak flame expansion speed increase with the increase of ER<sub>Inj1</sub>, and the P<sub>max</sub> and first peak HRR also increase. The IDT slightly extends with the increase of ER<sub>Inj1</sub>, while CA50 advances and CD reduces. The start of the ignition is delayed with the advancement of the main injection time, and the largest flame area is observed at SOI<sub>1</sub> = -12.5 °CA. Both the first P<sub>max</sub> and the maximum IMEP occur at SOI<sub>1</sub> = -15 °CA. This is because the cylinder temperature and pressure are lower during combustion when the main injection time is early, while a later main injection time leads to inadequate fuel-air mixing and a delayed combustion phase.</div></div>
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Ayadat, T. "Stabilization of a swelling soil using three different chemical additives". W Advanced Topics in Mechanics of Materials, Structures and Construction. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902592-51.
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Abstract. An expansive soil expands when water is added, and shrinks when it dries out. On construction sites, expansive soils can pose geotechnical engineering challenges. More financial loss is caused by expansive soil damage than by floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, and earthquakes combined. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of stabilization of an expansive soil using three different chemical additives, in this case: white cement and nano-silica as admixture, waste granite dust, and a new liquid polymer soil stabilizer (i.e. liquid granite). This study investigated the effect of these stabilizing agents on the variation of soil consistency, linear shrinkage, and soil swelling behaviour. Three groups of tests were carried out as part of the experimental program. As part of the first group, tests were performed on expansive soil reinforced with 2%, 4%, 8%, and 10% of white cement combined with 2% of nano-silica. Another group of tests consisted of samples mixed with different percentages of granite powder (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). In the third group, liquid granite as a soil stabilizer was blended with soil specimens at various concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%). For all admixtures, the results showed a marked improvement in soil consistency, an important decrease in linear shrinkage, and a considerable reduction on the expansion index. Compared with the original bentonite clay, the swelling behaviour (expansion index) was reduced considerably by adding these three different chemical additives. Moreover, a correlation between the expansion index and the dosage of the different stabilizers was proposed.
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Li, Jun, i G. K. Ananthasuresh. "Microfabrication and Characterization of Electro-Thermal-Compliant Micro Devices". W ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/mech-14118.
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Abstract Electro-Thermal-Compliant (ETC) micro devices are a new class of compliant mechanisms that elastically deform in response to Joule-heating induced constrained thermal expansion. In ETC devices, the mechanism and the actuator are indistinguishable and therefore it is called embedded actuation. This type of actuation is attractive for Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) where the actuator is often much larger than the mechanism and the mechanical coupling of the actuator and mechanism leads to additional difficulties. In this paper, we focus on thin, planar, appropriately shaped, deformable structures made of a conducting material to fabricate micro mechanisms with embedded actuation. We have developed a bulk micromachining process, called PennSOIL, using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers to make silicon ETC devices, and also combined PennSOIL with excimer laser micromachining to make ETC devices with not only silicon but also a variety of metals. The experimental measurements are compared with the theoretical predictions. Test-structures are used to characterize the process and the resulting materials properties some of which are strongly temperature-dependent and process-dependent. The experimental results using the materials properties obtained from the test structures show agreement with the theoretical results.
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Jeevanantham, V. "Empirical Modeling on Swell Pressure of Clay using Index Properties". W Sustainable Materials and Smart Practices. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901953-46.
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Abstract. Expansive soils undergo volume expansion, when it gains moisture content. Light structures constructed on this type of soil will be lifted by the upward swell pressure. Swelling characteristics decides the degree of safety of structures resting on expansive soil strata. Predicting the swell pressure of the soil consumes nearly 5 days of time (variable with respect to soil potential) in the laboratory as well as needs expensive testing setup. In our study, a correlation is proposed to develop for swell pressure using the index properties of soils namely liquid limit and plastic limit, which shall be assessed at the laboratory relatively short period of time. Swelling Pressure tests by Free Swell Method are performed on dynamically compacted 20 remolded soil samples collected within Coimbatore Corporation limit. The study area is between the four coordinates of 11008'49.25'' N 76053'36.28'' E, 11012’05.58’’ N76055'57.84'' E, 10059'16.52'' N 76052'17.47'' E, 10057'00.59'' N 76057'43.71'' E. Laboratory experimental data given as input in MATLAB gives satisfactory results and correlation is extracted from curve fitting method.
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Goldfeder, Corey, Haoyun Feng i Peter Allen. "SHREC’08 entry: Training set expansion via autotags". W 2008 IEEE International Conference on Shape Modeling and Applications (SMI). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smi.2008.4547983.
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Agnol Fiorentin, Chaelin Dall’, Letícia Nerone Gadens i Gislene de Fátima Pereira. "A DINÂMICA DA EXPANSÃO EM CIDADES MÉDIAS. Estudo da cidade de Erechim- RS, 2009-2019". W Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Recerca en Urbanisme, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.12220.
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In the last decade, medium-sized cities showed a higher growth rate when compared to metropolises. This growth reflects in considerable expansions of its urban limits. By the observation, the sprawl dynamics not accompanied by investments in infrastructure and normative updating, intensifying in medium-sized cities, the inequalities already observed in metropolises. To understand this dynamic, the research explores the logic that configures sprawl in medium-sized cities, from the perspective of the main aspects that structure and regulate it. To this end, the research methodology covered as an empirical cut, the city of Erechim -RS, which between 2009 and 2019, showed a significant expansion of the urban perimeter, in addition to 100 new land divisions. The analysis was segmented in four aspects: the sprawl conditions; urban legislation in this process; the impacts of land-use conversion on land prices, and the morphology of expanded areas. The results showed how the space-producing agents benefit from the urban legislation, provoking socio spatial segregation in addition to another logic of expansion that may be common to other medium-sized cities and also, to metropolises. Keywords: urban sprawl, medium-sized cities, urban law, urban segregation. Na última década, as cidades médias apresentaram um ritmo de crescimento maior se comparadas às metrópoles. Este crescimento, refletiu em consideráveis expansões de seus limites urbanos. Observou-se que a dinâmica de expansão não foi acompanhada de investimentos na infraestrutura e atualização normativa, intensificando nessas cidades as desigualdades já observadas em metrópoles. Buscando compreender essa dinâmica, a pesquisa explora qual a lógica que configura a expansão em cidades médias, sob a ótica dos principais aspectos que a estruturam e regulam. Para tanto, a metodologia da pesquisa abarcou como recorte empírico, a cidade de Erechim –RS, que entre 2009 e 2019 mostrou significativa expansão do perímetro urbano, além de 100 novos loteamentos. Já a análise se desdobrou em quatro aspectos: os condicionantes da expansão; a legislação urbanística nesse processo; os impactos da conversão do uso do solo no preço da terra e a morfologia das áreas expandidas. Os resultados, permitiram identificar como agentes produtores do espaço se beneficiam da legislação urbanística, provocando a segregação socio- econômica, além de outras lógicas da expansão que podem ser comuns a distintas cidades médias e também às metrópoles. Palavras-chave: expansão urbana, cidades médias, legislação urbanística, segregação residencial.
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Harumoto, Masahiko, Yuji Tanaka, Chisayo Nakayama, Yo Arisawa, Masaya Asai, Charles Pieczulewski, Harold Stokes i in. "Litho-performance expansion with new SOC made from Hemicellulose". W Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography X, redaktor Kenneth A. Goldberg. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2517692.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "Expansion de soi"
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Pilemalm, Sofie. Hur expanderar vi konceptet civila insatspersoner: Att hantera organisatoriska och IT-relaterade hinder. Linköping University Electronic Press, czerwiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789179294083.
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För mer än tio år sedan startade kommunal räddningstjänst det första initiativet där civila engagerades som första insatspersoner – Förstärkt Medmänniska i Medelpad. Sedan dess har konceptet – civila insatspersoner (CIP) spridit sig till ett tjugotal räddningstjänster, i glesbygd och på landsbygd men även till urbana miljöer genom ett initiativ taget av Södertörns Brandsvarsförbund. Både de räddningstjänster som tillämpar konceptet och myndigheter som Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB) och SOS Alarm är överens om nyttan CIP tillför genom att förkorta responstider, rädda liv och egendom. Trots detta har konceptet inte fått den spridning man hoppats på. Vi vet att hindren är både organisatoriska och specifikt relaterade till utlarmning med hjälp av existerande IT-stöd, appar eller SMS-listor. I den här studien utforskar vi dessa hinder vidare. Vi ger också ett antal förslag på hur de identifierade hindren kan hanteras. Detta genom att genomföra en kvalitativ intervjustudie där vi jämför och kontrasterar perspektiv från myndigheter, räddningstjänst, kommersiella app-utvecklare och de civila insatspersonerna själva (slutanvändare). Vi beskriver både organisatoriska och IT-relaterade hinder och hur de hänger samman. De centrala organisatoriska hindren handlar dels om konkreta utmaningar där det inte finns någon budget eller tid allokerad för att arbeta med CIP-konceptet där det finns viss ovana av förändringsarbete. De handlar också om kulturellt motstånd, det vill säga upplevd konkurrens från CIP vilket gör att initiativen kan sakna stöd både från ledningsnivå i räddningstjänster och från brandmän på operativ nivå. Legala aspekter är också centralt där det för närvarande existerar olika tolkningar av lagstiftning runt ansvar för arbetsmiljö. När det gäller IT-stöden är vissa hinder rent tekniska och relaterar till svårigheter med att få till en korrekt geofencing och att utveckla appar som ska fungera – inte bara på en enhet utan på olika mobila lösningar som ägs av privatpersoner (Iphone, Android i olika versioner). Andra hinder hänger ihop med organisatoriska frågor och konkurrens på den privata marknaden. Exempelvis har SOS Alarm en dubbel roll som privat och statlig aktör och har en app och ett application programming interface (API) under utveckling. De kommersiella leverantörerna kan inte leverera till samma låga kostnad som SOS Alarm och kommer inte åt vissa funktioner (till exempel att dra tillbaka resurser om en situation eskalerar till något farligt). Samtidigt var SOS Alarms app vid tiden för studien inte färdig. Detta sätter räddningstjänsterna i en olycklig situation utvecklingsmässigt och de får fortsätta förlita sig på de SMS-listor som egentligen endast var tänkt som en initial lösning. Vi föreslår ett antal åtgärder för att adressera hindren där de viktigaste är att MSB tar en koordinerande roll, och upprättandet av samverkansgrupper bestående av representanter för samtliga aktörer som ska vara med och driva konceptet, inklusive civila insatspersoner, kommunal räddningstjänst, SOS Alarm, socialtjänst, försäkringsbolag och fastighetsägare. Vi argumenterar också för hur man kan nyttja existerande kunskapsnätverk för CIP mer effektivt erfarenhetsutbyte. När det gäller ett gemensamt API är ett släppande av detta centralt för att utlarmning ska fungera, konceptet expandera – och överleva över tid. Här föreslår vi expertgrupper med representanter för myndigheter, systemutvecklare, app-leverantörer, SOS Alarm och inte minst slutanvändare. Vi ser också att tiden är mogen för dynamisk resursallokering, det vill säga att när CIP:ar blir fler måste det bli möjligt att larma ut på kompetens och specialisering (till exempel för att undvika larmtrötthet i storstadsområden) men att övriga hinder måste adresseras först. Vidare i ett teoretiskt perspektiv diskuterar vi våra resultat i termer av ”digitalized co-production” (digitaliserad samproduktion). Co-production är ett sätt att involvera samhällsmedborgare i tjänsteutveckling i offentlig sektor där expansion och nya former möjliggörs av ökad digitalisering. Här tar vi ett delvis annat perspektiv där vi i stället tittar på när digitalisering och IT blir hinder för samproduktionen. Vi argumenterar också för att CIP är en helt ny, framväxande hybridform av co-production som behöver starkare styrning än traditionell co-production. Här kan vår studie bidra till successiv ackumulering av kunskap.
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Avellán, Leopoldo, i Leandro Gaston Andrian. Midiendo y caracterizando el comportamiento de la brecha del producto en Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú. Inter-American Development Bank, grudzień 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010139.
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El producto potencial y la brecha del producto son conceptos comúnmente utilizados para informar el ejercicio de las políticas monetaria y fiscal, así como para el análisis del desempeño del sistema financiero. Al ser una variable no observable, no existe consenso sobre cuál es la mejor metodología para estimar el producto potencial. Este trabajo estima la brecha del producto para cuatro países andinos a través de varios métodos comúnmente utilizados en la literatura. Se encuentra que existe una alta correlación del componente cíclico entre los distintos métodos, y la autocorrelación resultante sugiere que toma al menos un año reducir la brecha del producto en un 50%. A su vez, se analizan las características de los ciclos económicos, y se encuentra que las fases de contracción y expansión son asimétricas, donde las primeras tienen menor duración que las segundas. Por último, se encuentra que existen factores comunes que explican el movimiento conjunto entre los ciclos económicos de los países. En lo que respecta a las fluctuaciones cíclicas del producto de los países analizados, esta nota encuentra que a mediados de 2016 todos se encontraban debajo de su producción potencial. Comparativamente, las fases de expansión son más largas en promedio en Colombia, mientras que las fases de contracción son en promedio más cortas en Ecuador. En Bolivia ambas fases tienen duración similar.
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Michalopoulos, C. D. PR-175-420-R01 Submarine Pipeline Analysis - Theoretical Manual. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), grudzień 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012171.
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Describes the computer program SPAN which computes the nonlinear transient response of a submarine pipeline, in contact with the ocean floor, to wave and current excitation. The dynamic response of a pipeline to impact loads, such as loads from trawl gear of fishing vessels, may also be computed. In addition, thermal expansion problems for submarine pipelines may be solved using SPAN. Beam finite element theory is used for spatial discretization of the partial differential equations governing the motion of a submarine pipeline. Large-deflection, small-strain theory is employed. The formulation involves a consistent basis and added mass matrix. Quadratic drag is computed using a nonconventional approach that involves the beam shape functions. Soil-resistance loads are computed using unique pipeline-soil interaction models which take into account coupling of axial and lateral soil forces. The nonlinear governing equations are solved numerically using the Newmark Method. This manual presents the discretized equations of motion, the methods used in determining hydrodynamic and soil-resistance forces, and the solution method.
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López, David, Alexandre Novaes Mejdalani, Michelle Carvalho Metanias Hallack i J. Enrique Chueca. La ruta energética de América Latina y el Caribe. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, październik 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004433.
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Las estimaciones de expansión del sector eléctrico al 2030 sugieren que América Latina y el Caribe están en el camino correcto hacia la descarbonización. Sin embargo, se observa una necesidad de acelerar el paso para cumplir la meta de cero emisiones netas para 2050. El presente reporte invita a reflexionar el rumbo que está siguiendo el sector, y presenta las necesidades de inversión para descarbonizar la matriz eléctrica y las emisiones de CO2 equivalente (MtCO2e) si no existe un cambio sustancial en las tendencias declaradas en los planes de expansión. El reporte también explora factores claves para el cumplimiento de metas de reducción de emisiones, como el incremento de la eficiencia energética y la electromovilidad.
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Fernández Diez, María Carmen, Alejandro Támola, Karina Azar Barros, Diego Herrera, María Gabriela Coloma, Leticia Riquelme i Gabriela Andrade. Economía gig y la inclusión financiera de las mujeres en América Latina. Inter-American Development Bank, marzec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004755.
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La inclusión financiera es una faceta del desarrollo financiero y sigue siendo un reto para América Latina. Esta nota sigue un camino novedoso al enfocarse en las condiciones asociadas a trabajadoras de la economía gig en el segmento de servicios para el hogar, relevadas por una encuesta en cuatro países de América Latina. El desarrollo y la expansión de las plataformas, como oportunidad para identificar y conectar demanda y oferta de trabajo, ha generado expectativas favorables de oportunidades laborables para colectivos menos integrados como son las mujeres. Pero esta expansión plantea interrogantes acerca de la generación de ingresos sostenibles y oportunidades de estabilización y formalización laboral. ¿Cómo aprovechar los canales digitales para mejorar la inclusión financiera de las mujeres? ¿Cómo son su perfil financiero y sus demandas de financiamiento en las plataformas de la región? ¿Es posible que este tipo de plataformas sean una solución en situaciones de vulnerabilidad económica? Los resultados de este estudio muestran que las plataformas de la economía gig: i) tienen el potencial de contribuir a mejorar la inclusión financiera de las mujeres; ii) habilitan un “efecto actividad” y un “efecto formalización”y iii) identifican falta de confianza en los instrumentos de pago como el principal obstáculo frente a la profundización de la inclusión financiera.
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Mera, Manuel, Luciana Petrone i Julián Echandi. Nuevos desafíos en el sector gastronómico: la crisis de la pandemia y la expansión de las plataformas de reparto. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, sierpień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004422.
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Este documento se realizó en el marco del proyecto Desarrollo de la Economía de Plataformas en ciudades como instrumentos para promover la inclusión social, el emprendimiento y la innovación, implementado por CIPPEC con el apoyo de BID Lab (el laboratorio de innovación del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, y es parte de una iniciativa conjunta entre el Programa de Protección Social y el Programa de Ciudades de CIPPEC. Busca analizar el impacto de la pandemia sobre el trabajo en sectores claves de actividad económica en aglomeraciones urbanas, como son el sector gastronómico y las plataformas digitales de reparto.
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Pédarros, Élie, Jeremy Allouche, Matiwos Bekele Oma, Priscilla Duboz, Amadou Hamath Diallo, Habtemariam Kassa, Chloé Laloi i in. La Grande Muraille Verte en tant qu’imaginaire socio-technique. Institute of Development Studies, kwiecień 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2024.018.
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Le projet de la Grande Muraille Verte (GMV), lancé en 2007 par l’Union Africaine, est l’un des plus importants projets de transformation verte de l’Afrique. D’un mouvement environnemental panafricain à une mosaïque de modes de gestion et de mise en œuvre du projet à l’échelle locale en passant par son financement considérable de la part de la communauté internationale, la GMV est désormais considérée comme un « mégaprojet » étudié principalement selon les lignes de l’écologie politique et des études critiques sur le développement. Cependant, les nombreuses dissonances de perception entre les différents acteurs de la GMV à différentes échelles nous conduisent à proposer de considérer la GMV comme un imaginaire socio-technique, un outil permettant « l’élaboration de l’avenir ». Les débats conceptuels autour de la notion de « futur » permettent ainsi d’interroger la capacité de ce projet à intégrer des pratiques endogènes qui s’inscrivent dans une diversité de récits de mémoire environnementale collectivement construits. Considérer la GMV comme un imaginaire sociotechnique implique également de questionner le caractère panafricain de ce projet et de tenter de comprendre comment son expansion actuelle est effectivement négociée et réalisée.
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Güemes, Cecilia. Visiones de futuro de los gobiernos progresistas de America Latina. Fundación Carolina, kwiecień 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/ac_10.2024.
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La idea de progreso, como la de utopía, sirvió durante más de un siglo como eje de movilización política y social de proyectos de cambio, y de representación de una realidad alternativa. Su expulsión del debate ha dejado huérfanos y desorientados a quienes aspiran a promover transformaciones colectivas. Frente a ello, y más allá de las denuncias, hace falta un relato que transforme la indignación en fuerza social, que genere afectos colectivos de esperanza, que tenga un programa y un impulso capaz de dinamizar el cambio, imaginando una realidad mejor. Construir esperanzas supone hacerse cargo tanto del presente como del futuro, deconstruir, pero también proyectar. Este trabajo se pregunta por las visiones de futuro de cuatro gobiernos autodefinidos progresistas en América Latina: Brasil, Chile, Colombia y la Argentina previa a Milei. A partir de los discursos de investidura de los presidentes Lula da Silva, Gabriel Boric, Gustavo Petro y Alberto Fernández, desentrañamos los pilares sobre los que edifican sus proyectos, los modos nuevos de hacer políticas que proponen, si son defensivos o expansivos, y desde dónde y con quiénes se piensan.
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Bezerra, Maria do Carmo. Preservação ambiental e planejamento da expansão urbana: o caso do Município de Toledo. Inter-American Development Bank, luty 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010371.
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O tema objeto de estudo, Preservação Ambiental e Implantação de Parques Urbanos se apresenta como demanda reduzida da carteira Procidades em execução até 2011, contando com 0,5% dos investimentos. A dificuldade de abordagem que integre preservação ambiental e cidades em processo de expansão se constitui num desafio a ser enfrentado. Os espaços das cidades brasileiras se expandiram sem a adequada malha de áreas verdes de lazer e, também, tiveram as áreas de fragilidade ambiental, especialmente ao longo dos cursos d'água, ocupadas por assentamentos precários. O maior desafio para preservar áreas ambientais inseridas na malha urbana é evitar a sua ocupação por usos que as degradem, sem incorrer no equívoco de pensar que a preservação em si se constitui em uso urbano. A idéia de preservação associada ao nada fazer em áreas localizadas nas estruturas urbanas com forte pressão de urbanização e sem o devido controle urbanístico, tem levado à degradação ambiental.
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Rubio, Mónica, Verónica Amarante, Rodrigo Arim i Andrea Vigorito. Pobreza y protección social en Panamá. Inter-American Development Bank, grudzień 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010290.
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La presente nota tiene como objetivo contribuir a un debate relativamente reciente en Panamá, entorno a lo que debería ser un sistema de protección social (SPS) y cuáles son los retos que el país enfrenta para conformarlo. El fin último es plantear recomendaciones que contribuyan a mejorar las políticas de combate a la pobreza en Panamá, centrándose en las políticas de protección social pero sin desconocer la importancia de las políticas de fomento económico, entre las cuales juegan un rol central las relacionadas con la acumulación de capital humano. Específicamente, se propone la consolidación, expansión y profundización de las intervenciones agrupadas en la Red de Oportunidades, un fuerte impulso a las políticas de salud y transferencias alimentarias, y el desarrollo de intervenciones en educación.