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1963-, Braun John, red. Data analysis and graphics using R: An example-based approach. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
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1963-, Braun John, red. Data analysis and graphics using R: An example-based approach. Wyd. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
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Wisniewski, Lukasz. New methods to engineer and seamlessly reconfigure time triggered Ethernet based systems during runtime based on the PROFINET IRT example. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54650-5.
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Len'kov, Roman. Social forecasting and planning. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1058988.
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The tutorial describes the preconditions of sociopragmatics research in Russia on the background of evolutionary processes of social prognostics of the twentieth century. Considered the essential characteristics of social forecasting, its subject and range of issues. Based on analysis of classification schemes methods of scientific forecasting offers the author's approach to classification of methods of social forecasting. Special attention is paid to the description of the characteristics, the specific application and selection procedure of the ways of making social predictions.
Theoretical and applied analysis of the foundations of social design, the direction of its implementation and research methods used for it. The conceptual basis of design in education on the example of the educational process in the University. Given the model structure, rationale and testing of design solutions.
The third edition of the book is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the State University of management.
Meets the current requirements of the Federal state educational standard of higher education.
For students of higher educational institutions, students of humanitarian directions and specialities.
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Cvetkov, Viktor. Basics of complexity theory. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2110856.
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The monograph reveals the basics of complexity theory and methods for assessing complexity. The concept of complexity consideration is based on the analysis of complexity as a common attribute in processes and systems. The monograph describes the main methods for assessing different types of complexity. The concept of considering complexity in this monograph is also based on the fact that complexity is a comparative characteristic. It is given on a relative scale of difficulty. Therefore, complexity must be defined on a relative scale of “simplicity-complexity.” This concept motivates the consideration and analysis of the concept of “simplicity” as a complement to the concept of “complexity”. These concepts set the scale of complexity. The monograph provides a comparative analysis of the related concepts of simplicity and complexity. Three methods for assessing complexity are described: expert assessment of complexity, assessment of complexity using mathematical metrics, comparative assessment of complexity based on the theory of comparative analysis. The monograph contains a taxonomy of the main types of complexity. The content of the main types of complexity is revealed in detail: descriptive complexity, system complexity, modeling complexity, computational complexity. algorithmic complexity, deterministic complexity. Specific cognitive difficulties are described in detail. For cognitive complexity, special assessment methods are used. An interpretation of the concept of cognitive filter is given. Complexity is associated with the concept of complex systems. In most monographs on complex systems, the complexity aspect has not been considered or is viewed in a simplified manner. This monograph examines complexity as a characteristic of complex systems and the basis for their classification. Emergence is described as a characteristic of the complexity of systems and complex processes. The monograph contains a taxonomy of complex systems with characteristics of the complexity of different systems. Complex data systems have been explored. An analysis of organizational complex systems is given. Various types of complex ergatic systems have been described. An analysis of complex technical systems is given. Self-developing complex systems are described. autopoiesis of a complex organizational and technical system has been studied as a principle of systems development. Cyber-physical systems are described as an example of the development of complex systems. The monograph is intended for specialists in the field of computer science, systems analysis, artificial intelligence and philosophy of information.
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Kravchuk, Evgeniy, Irina Bryanceva i Yuliya Carionova. Organizational and economic bases of systematization of design solutions in the field of construction. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1921373.
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The monograph is a comprehensive study devoted to the systematization of investment and design solutions in the construction sector, which requires increasing awareness of the modern technocratic solution based on the possibility of integrating the design solution through the use of digitalization of design in the construction sector with the traditional approach that has existed in our country since the beginning of the twentieth century. The calculation of the cost-effectiveness of the decision is given, based on the example of calculating and deducing technical and economic indicators indicating the cost-effectiveness of the design decision being made, in relation to metal building structures, which are based on the method of Ya.M. Likhtarnikov, based on the determination of the cost "in business".
It is intended for persons interested in the issues of technocratic design and investment solutions, as well as for persons studying and cognizing the problems of economic justification of design solutions.
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Varlamov, Oleg. Mivar databases and rules. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1508665.
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The multidimensional open epistemological active network MOGAN is the basis for the transition to a qualitatively new level of creating logical artificial intelligence. Mivar databases and rules became the foundation for the creation of MOGAN. The results of the analysis and generalization of data representation structures of various data models are presented: from relational to "Entity — Relationship" (ER-model). On the basis of this generalization, a new model of data and rules is created: the mivar information space "Thing-Property-Relation". The logic-computational processing of data in this new model of data and rules is shown, which has linear computational complexity relative to the number of rules. MOGAN is a development of Rule - Based Systems and allows you to quickly and easily design algorithms and work with logical reasoning in the "If..., Then..." format. An example of creating a mivar expert system for solving problems in the model area "Geometry"is given. Mivar databases and rules can be used to model cause-and-effect relationships in different subject areas and to create knowledge bases of new-generation applied artificial intelligence systems and real-time mivar expert systems with the transition to"Big Knowledge".
The textbook in the field of training "Computer Science and Computer Engineering" is intended for students, bachelors, undergraduates, postgraduates studying artificial intelligence methods used in information processing and management systems, as well as for users and specialists who create mivar knowledge models, expert systems, automated control systems and decision support systems.
Keywords: cybernetics, artificial intelligence, mivar, mivar networks, databases, data models, expert system, intelligent systems, multidimensional open epistemological active network, MOGAN, MIPRA, KESMI, Wi!Mi, Razumator, knowledge bases, knowledge graphs, knowledge networks, Big knowledge, products, logical inference, decision support systems, decision-making systems, autonomous robots, recommendation systems, universal knowledge tools, expert system designers, logical artificial intelligence.
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Fedorovich, Tat'yana, Natal'ya Kubrak, S. K. Tevs i A. V. Dmitrenko. Organization and management of a private fleet of freight cars: an economic approach. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1860935.
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The monograph discusses theoretical and practical issues related to the completion of the implementation of the introduction of new forms of ownership in the formation of the railway holding JSC "Russian Railways". The organizational and economic results of the structural reform of railway transport in Russia are analyzed in comparison with the experience of modern reform of foreign railway transport. The variants of transformation of the modern cargo transportation management system in the new economic conditions are proposed.
The main results of the study of modern economic and organizational conditions of cargo transportation, taking into account the specifics of working with a private car fleet, are presented. Based on a large-scale analysis of the loading dynamics of the main directions of the Russian Railways network and the resulting unevenness of operational work, new approaches are proposed for the formation of the market of freight operators of rolling stock.
An economic assessment of the implementation of scenario options for the introduction of technological outsourcing is given on the example of JSC "Federal Freight Company" with the justification of a methodological approach for the formation of a consolidated fleet of wagons based
on the algorithm of the cost method for calculating the throughput during the consolidation of a fleet of freight wagons.
For practitioners and researchers involved in cargo transportation management, forecasting and formation of private fleets of freight cars. It will be useful for graduate students, undergraduates and students of economic faculties of railway universities when studying courses in the economics of railway transport and the cost of freight transportation.
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Velegrakis, Yannis, H. V. Jagadish, Matteo Lissandrini, Davide Mottin i Themis Palpanas. Data Exploration Using Example-Based Methods. Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2018.
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Velegrakis, Yannis, Matteo Lissandrini, Davide Mottin i Themis Palpanas. Data Exploration Using Example-Based Methods. Springer International Publishing AG, 2018.
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Velegrakis, Yannis, H. V. Jagadish, Matteo Lissandrini, Davide Mottin i Themis Palpanas. Data Exploration Using Example-Based Methods. Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2018.
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Lissandrini, Matteo, Davide Mottin i Themis Palpanas. Data Exploration Using Example-Based Methods. Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2018.
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Teaching Early Algebra Through Example-Based Problem Solving. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Braun, John, i John Maindonald. Data Analysis and Graphics Using R: An Example-Based Approach. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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Braun, John, i John Maindonald. Data Analysis and Graphics Using R: An Example-Based Approach. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
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Braun, John, i John Maindonald. Data Analysis and Graphics Using R: An Example-Based Approach. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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Maindonald, John, i W. John Braun. Data Analysis and Graphics Using R: An Example-Based Approach. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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Maindonald, J. H., i John Braun. Data Analysis and Graphics Using R: An Example-based Approach. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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Maindonald, John, i W. John Braun. Data Analysis and Graphics Using R: An Example-Based Approach. Cambridge University Press, 2013.
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Maindonald, John, i W. John Braun. Data Analysis and Graphics Using R: An Example-Based Approach. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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Braun, John, i John Maindonald. Data Analysis and Graphics Using R: An Example-based Approach. Cambridge University Press, 2012.
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Wisniewski, Lukasz. New methods to engineer and seamlessly reconfigure time triggered Ethernet based systems during runtime based on the PROFINET IRT example. Springer Vieweg, 2017.
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Ammann, Odile. Domestic Courts and the Interpretation of International Law: Methods and Reasoning Based on the Swiss Example. Brill, 2019.
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Ammann, Odile. Domestic Courts and the Interpretation of International Law: Methods and Reasoning Based on the Swiss Example. BRILL, 2019.
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Braun, John, i John Maindonald. Data Analysis and Graphics Using R: An Example-based Approach (Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics). Wyd. 2. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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Ding, Meixia. Teaching Early Algebra Through Example-Based Problem Solving: Insights from Chinese and U. S. Elementary Classrooms. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Ding, Meixia. Teaching Early Algebra Through Example-Based Problem Solving: Insights from Chinese and U. S. Elementary Classrooms. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Ding, Meixia. Teaching Early Algebra Through Example-Based Problem Solving: Insights from Chinese and U. S. Elementary Classrooms. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Teaching Early Algebra Through Example-Based Problem Solving: Insights from Chinese and U. S. Elementary Classrooms. Taylor & Francis Group, 2023.
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van den Dool, Huug. Empirical Methods in Short-Term Climate Prediction. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199202782.001.0001.
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This clear and accessible text describes the methods underlying short-term climate prediction at time scales of 2 weeks to a year. Although a difficult range to forecast accurately, there have been several important advances in the last ten years, most notably in understanding ocean-atmosphere interaction (El Nino for example), the release of global coverage data sets, and in prediction methods themselves. With an emphasis on the empirical approach, the text covers in detail empirical wave propagation, teleconnections, empirical orthogonal functions, and constructed analogue. It also provides a detailed description of nearly all methods used operationally in long-lead seasonal forecasts, with new examples and illustrations. The challenges of making a real time forecast are discussed, including protocol, format, and perceptions about users. Based where possible on global data sets, illustrations are not limited to the Northern Hemisphere, but include several examples from the Southern Hemisphere.
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Salguero-Gomez, Roberto, i Marlène Gamelon, red. Demographic Methods across the Tree of Life. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838609.001.0001.
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Demography is everywhere in our lives: from birth to death. Demography shapes our daily decisions, as well as the decisions that others make on us (e.g. bank loans, retirement age). Demography is everywhere across the Tree of Life. The universal currencies of demography—survival, development, reproduction, and recruitment—shape the performance of all species, from lions to dandelions. The omnipresence of demography in all things alive and dead, and its multiple applications to better understand the ecology, evolution, and conservation/management of species, allows us to—in principle—apply the wide array of quantitative methods to, for example, bacteria or humans. However, demographic methods to date have remained taxonomically siloed, despite the fact that, to a large extent, they are widely applicable across the Tree of Life. In this book, we walk nonexperts through the ABCs of data collection, model construction, analyses, and interpretation across a wide repertoire of demographic artillery. This book introduces the reader to some of the demographic methods, including abundance-based models, life tables, matrix population models, integral projection models, integrated population models, and individual based models, to mention a few. Through the careful integration of data collection methods, analytical approaches, and applications, clearly guided through fully reproducible R scripts, we provide a state-of-the-art thorough representation of many of the most popular tools that any demographer (or demographically inclined mind) should equip themselves with.
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Olejnik, Iwona, red. Qualitative and quantitative methods in sustainable development. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-072-2.
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Systematic research and comprehensive analyses allow to monitor the implementation of the sustainable development goals. Obviously, when you are interested in the selected issue of sustainable development, it is worth using data from the secondary sources in the first place. This e-book presents a few selected methods that will allow you to answer the questions: how to gather data and how to analyse them? Among the data collection methods presented in this book, we have chosen both: qualitative, in particular focus group interview, and quantitative—based on a questionnaire. In terms of data analysis methods, we present three methods: factor analysis, structural equation modelling and data envelopment analysis. The examples presented in this book relate to sustainable development, for example: sustainable consumption, ecological culture, better nutrition, agricultural development and many more. The book consists of five chapters. Chapter 1 “Qualitative methods” presents the issues concerning the methodology of qualitative research, designing a focus group interview, conducting a focus group interview and analysis of qualitative data using the CAQDAS programs. The main goal of Chapter 2 titled “Quantitative methods” is to exhibit the basics of survey research that can be used in analyses of sustainable development. In particular, this part presents the measurement levels, questionnaire design, population and sample, and the ways of presenting the results of quantitative research. Chapter 3 “Factor analysis in sustainable development research” describes the basic theoretical aspects of factor analysis. The second part of this chapter presents an example of the use of this method in research on sustainable consumption. The last part of this chapter presents case study of the use of factor analysis in research on managers’ ethics in retail industry. Chapter 4 titled “Structural equation modelling in sustainable development research” is dedicated to the structural equation modeling methods applied to solve sustainable development research problems. A structural equation model is an abstraction of reality, and the researcher's job is to build a model that approximates that reality as closely as possible. And the aim of Chapter 5 “Data envelopment analysis methods in sustainable agricultural development research” is to determine the relative technical efficiency of representative agricultural farms from the individual European Union countries.
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Bouchaud, Jean-Philippe. Random matrix theory and (big) data analysis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797319.003.0006.
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This chapter reviews methods from random matrix theory to extract information about a large signal matrix C (for example, a correlation matrix arising in big data problems), from its noisy observation matrix M. The chapter shows that the replica method can be used to obtain both the spectral density and the overlaps between noise-corrupted eigenvectors and the true ones, for both additive and multiplicative noise. This allows one to construct optimal rotationally invariant estimators of C based on the observation of M alone. This chapter also discusses the case of rectangular correlation matrices and the problem of random singular value decomposition.
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Lund, Jacalyn Lea, i Mary Fortman Kirk. Performance-Based Assessment for Middle and High School Physical Education. Wyd. 3. Human Kinetics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718222731.
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Performance-Based Assessment for Middle and High School Physical Education is a cutting-edge book that teachers trust for assessing middle school and high school physical education students. Also a highly popular undergraduate text for courses that focus on performance-based assessment, this new third edition features significant additions, enhancements, and updates: • New chapters on effective management and instruction delivery, which make it appropriate for PETE instructors using the book for secondary methods courses • A new chapter on assessments with various instructional models, including Sport Education, Teaching Games for Understanding, Cooperative Learning, Personalized System of Instruction, and Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility • A new chapter on assessing dance (with sample dance units in the web resource) • A new sample unit on ultimate Frisbee in the chapter on invasion games • An expanded section on cognitive assessments, with suggestions for writing tests • Updated content on rubrics Performance-Based Assessment shows readers how to use portfolios to assess fitness, and it offers an example of a portfolio assessment for a high school fitness course. It also guides readers in using skill tests in physical education. Written by two authors with a combined 26 years of experience teaching physical education in public schools, the text discusses various assessment formats, helping PETE students and in-service teachers know both what to assess and how to assess it. Readers learn how to develop culminating and progressive assessments, as well as plan for continuous performance-based assessments and acquire effective teaching strategies for standards-based instruction. All content is aligned with current SHAPE America national standards and is supported by research from educational assessment giants such as Tom Guskey, Richard Stiggins, Dylan William, Robert Marzano, and James Popham. The book is organized into four parts, with part I introducing readers to performance-based assessment issues such as the need for change in the assessment process, how assessments can be used to enhance learning, the various assessment domains and methods, and the use of rubrics in assessments. Part II explores aspects of managing and implementing physical education lessons. In part III, readers learn about the components of performance-based assessment, and in part IV, they delve into issues affecting grading and implementing continuous performance-based assessment. This groundbreaking text explains the theory behind assessment and, through its numerous models, shows how to apply that theory in practice. The text is filled with practical examples, much more so than the typical assessment book. And it is supplemented by a web resource that houses forms, charts, and other material for instructors to use in their performance-based assessments. Class size, skill levels, and time factors can make assessments difficult―but far from impossible. The examples in the book are meant to be modified as needed, with the ideas in the book used as starting points. Teachers can use the material, examples, and tools in this book to create assessments that enhance student learning, providing them feedback to let them know what they have accomplished and how they can work toward goals of greater competence.
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Ola Kristensson, Per. Statistical Language Processing for Text Entry. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799603.003.0003.
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In this chapter we explain how methods from statistical language processing serve as a foundation for the design of probabilistic text entry methods and error correction methods. We review concepts from information theory and language modelling and explain how to design a statistical decoder for text entry—a generative probabilistic model based on the token-passing paradigm. We then present five example applications of statistical language processing for text entry: correcting typing mistakes, enabling fast typing on a smartwatch, improving prediction in augmentative and alternative communication, enabling dwell-free eye-typing and intelligently supporting error correction of probabilistic text entry. We then discuss the limitations of the models presented in this chapter and highlight the importance of establishing solution principles based on engineering science and empirical research in order to guide the design of probabilistic text entry.
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Elwood, Mark. Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682898.001.0001.
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This book presents a system of critical appraisal applicable to clinical, epidemiological and public health studies and to many other fields. It assumes no prior knowledge. The methods are relevant to students, practitioners and policymakers. The book shows how to assess if the results of one study or of many studies show a causal effect. The book discusses study designs: randomised and non-randomised trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and surveys, showing the presentation of results including person-time and survival analysis, and issues in the selection of subjects. The system shows how to describe a study, how to detect and assess selection biases, observation bias, confounding, and chance variation, and how to assess internal validity and external validity (generalisability). Statistical methods are presented assuming no previous knowledge, and showing applications to each study design. Positive features of causation including strength, dose-response, and consistency are discussed. The book shows how to do systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and discusses publication bias. Systems of assessing all evidence are shown, leading to a general method of critical appraisal based on 20 key questions in five groups, which can be applied to any type of study or any topic. Six chapters show the application of this method to randomised trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, and case-control studies. An appendix summarises key statistical methods, each with a worked example. Each main chapter has self-test questions, with answers provided.
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Dolata, Roman, Aleksandra Jasińska-Maciążek, Joanna Stelmach i Marek Smulczyk. Ostrołęckie obserwatorium oświatowe – badania edukacyjne wspierające politykę lokalną. University of Warsaw Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323553625.
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The authors present the results of “An Education Observatory in Ostrołęka”, a long-standing applied research project aimed at local education needs. The discussed material refers to the current state of scientific knowledge about the analysed phenomena and uses scientific research methods, which do not aim at developing theory, but evaluate ex-ante and solve particular problems. The project is an example of the evidence-based policy research, i.e. the use of education research results in creating effective local education policy.
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Sulimov, A. Yu. Development of a method of sales promotion based on special calculations on the example of supermarkets network "Dixi". Ruscience, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15216/978-5-4365-0649-4.
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Jackson, Yo. Child Maltreatment. Redaktorzy Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White i Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.31.
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Child maltreatment is acting or failure to act on the part of a caretaker in a manner that poses a threat to a child’s well-being, health, and safety. The present chapter reviews the prevalence and nature of child maltreatment in the United States. The types of abuse, qualities of perpetrators, and physical and mental health outcomes on youth victims are also presented. Assessment tools for identifying abuse and the effects of abuse are discussed along with evidence-based methods for intervention for families exposed to child maltreatment. Along with a case example, recommendations for improving the knowledge base on child maltreatment are presented along with suggestions for refining methods for assessing and treating child maltreatment. Implications for clinical practice are also examined.
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Rajeev, S. G. Fluid Mechanics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805021.001.0001.
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Starting with a review of vector fields and their integral curves, the book presents the basic equations of the subject: Euler and Navier–Stokes. Some solutions are studied next: ideal flows using conformal transformations, viscous flows such as Couette and Stokes flow around a sphere, shocks in the Burgers equation. Prandtl’s boundary layer theory and the Blasius solution are presented. Rayleigh–Taylor instability is studied in analogy with the inverted pendulum, with a digression on Kapitza’s stabilization. The possibility of transients in a linearly stable system with a non-normal operator is studied using an example by Trefethen et al. The integrable models (KdV, Hasimoto’s vortex soliton) and their hamiltonian formalism are studied. Delving into deeper mathematics, geodesics on Lie groups are studied: first using the Lie algebra and then using Milnor’s approach to the curvature of the Lie group. Arnold’s deep idea that Euler’s equations are the geodesic equations on the diffeomorphism group is then explained and its curvature calculated. The next three chapters are an introduction to numerical methods: spectral methods based on Chebychev functions for ODEs, their application by Orszag to solve the Orr–Sommerfeld equation, finite difference methods for elementary PDEs, the Magnus formula and its application to geometric integrators for ODEs. Two appendices give an introduction to dynamical systems: Arnold’s cat map, homoclinic points, Smale’s horse shoe, Hausdorff dimension of the invariant set, Aref ’s example of chaotic advection. The last appendix introduces renormalization: Ising model on a Cayley tree and Feigenbaum’s theory of period doubling.
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Schneider, Gerold. Text Analytics for Corpus Linguistics and Digital Humanities. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350370852.
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Do you want to gain a deeper understanding of how big tech analyzes and exploits our text data, or investigate how political parties differ by analyzing textual styles in documents? This book explores how to apply state-of-the-art text analytics methods to detect and visualize phenomena in text data. Solidly based on methods from corpus linguistics, natural language processing, text analytics and digital humanities, this book shows readers how to conduct experiments with their own corpora and research questions, underpin their theories, quantify the differences and pinpoint characteristics. Case studies and experiments are detailed in every chapter using real-world and open access corpora from politics, World English, history, and literature. The results are interpreted and put into perspective, pitfalls are pointed out, and necessary pre-processing steps are demonstrated. This book also demonstrates how to use the programming language R, as well as simple alternatives and additions to R, to conduct experiments and employ visualisations by example, with extensible R-code, recipes, links to corpora, and a wide range of methods. The methods introduced can be used across texts of all disciplines, from history or literature to party manifestos and patient reports.
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Sauli, Isabelle. Evaluating a food safety-assurance system throughout the farm to fork continuum: A novel method based on the example of Salmonella. 2003.
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William A, Schabas. Part III Prosecutorial Policy and Practice, 16 Selecting Situations and Cases. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198705161.003.0016.
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This chapter analyses selection and charging choices from an observer’s perspective. It re-visits the coherence and transparency of prosecutorial choices and charging practice, based on an analysis of ICC choices, criteria (e.g. ‘gravity’), and methods. It argues that existing practice has made the ICC vulnerable to criticisms of ‘selective justice’ and politicization, for example in the decisions reached with respect to Palestine and Iraq. It claims that further attention needs to be given to the inconsistency in the Prosecutor’s position, whereby selection of a situation is more or less mandatory once the objective criteria are met yet selection of cases is not. It notes that in reality, a great deal of discretion is involved in the selection both of situations and of cases.
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Siegrist, Michael, i Christina Hartmann. Overcoming the Challenges of Communicating Uncertainties Across National Contexts. Redaktorzy Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Dan M. Kahan i Dietram A. Scheufele. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.013.47.
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The goal of risk communication is to provide information about risks and uncertainties in a way that enables people to make the best decisions, based on their own values. Various factors influence the success of risk communication. This chapter first highlights risk communication methods and formats that determine successful risk communication. For example, laypeople do not understand all presentation formats of numbers equally well, and risk comparisons help them improve their evaluation of risk information. It also introduces the influence of heuristics, trust, and cultural values for decisions under uncertainty conditions. In the case of controversial topics, heuristics and trust influence how people interpret uncertainties. Research suggests that most people depend on experts with whom they share salient values in a given context. Based on the available evidence, the chapter provides some recommendations for communicating uncertainties at the end of the chapter and further describe some avenues for research.
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Subramaniam, Banu, red. My Experiments with Truth. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038655.003.0006.
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This chapter focuses on biological invasions and presents one example of how we can experiment with an interdisciplinary repertoire of research questions, methods, and epistemologies to produce knowledge about the biological world—in short, an experiment about experimenting. The experiment under discussion is a collaborative project based in Southern California, where human-made disturbance has a very long and destructive history. Here, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and their role in plant ecology are observed within the environmental contexts of growth, especially the soil communities of plants. Mycorrhizal fungi and their relationship with native and exotic plant species offer a great context for a science/science studies project, and this work on fungi that were in “mutualistic” relationships also challenged the role of competition as the critical driver of ecology and evolution of plants.
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Dalehefte, Inger Marie, i Jorunn H. Midtsundstad, red. A Systemic Approach to School Development. Technical Report on the Project School-In. Waxmann Verlag GmbH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31244/9783830995029.
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The project School-In was an in-service professional development project which aimed to improve inclusion and facilitate schools' academic results by taking the local context, expectation structures, and school culture into consideration. This intervention project was based on a systemic approach and designed to include the entire teaching staff, ensuring cross-disciplinary and cross-level impact. Conducted in five Norwegian municipalities, School-In was financed by the Research Council of Norway (NFR) as an innovation project for the public sector. This book gives a detailed overview of the project School-In, documenting its research and intervention methods. It provides stakeholders, educational researchers, and practitioners with information about the make-up of the study. In this book, School-In is presented as an example of how new ideas and knowledge can be gained from several research approaches and readers are given specific examples of how development processes may be conducted and investigated in schools.
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Armstrong, Pat, i Ruth Lowndes, red. Creative Teamwork. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190862268.001.0001.
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Creative Team Work: Developing Rapid, Site-Switching Ethnography is much more than a description of a new way of doing rapid ethnography to capture the rich complexity and contradictions of social relations, although it is certainly that. It is about the imagination, stimulation, and reflection that can come with international, interdisciplinary teams sharing the development, application, analysis, and dissemination of research. Although the book is based on a large, seven-year project studying care homes to search for promising practices and is guided by feminist political economy, the lessons we have learned are relevant for everyone undertaking empirical investigation. All research needs to consider theory, the organization of information, ethics, and dissemination, for example. The specific techniques and approaches we discuss can be applied to a wide range of qualitative methods and are not exclusive to this kind of ethnography. By dissecting our experiences together and uniting chapters through the theme of creative, reflexive team work, the book considers issues and methods of interest to all those struggling through the research process, with or without team support. Although some of our strategies may not work for everyone, and some did not work for us, we have identified areas that need to be addressed in research projects big and small, especially in those interested in putting research to work for change.
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Hochman, Michael E. 50 Imaging Studies Every Doctor Should Know. Redaktor Christoph I. Lee. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190223700.001.0001.
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This book, 50 Imaging Studies Every Doctor Should Know, provides succinct synopses of the 50 most important medical imaging studies that every doctor should know. For almost every physician specialty, imaging examinations play a central role in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment management of diseases. The appropriate use of medical imaging requires a baseline understanding of the literature we use to decide whether or not a specific imaging study would be helpful in a specific clinical scenario. These summaries therefore cover the evidence-based practice of radiology by outlining the vital clinical questions, study designs and methods, results, and clinical implications that every physician ordering and interpreting imaging examinations should be able to reference. Each chapter summarizes the most salient features of key studies, provides a clinical scenario to provide relevant context, and a relevant imaging example. Topics covered include imaging examinations for headache, back pain, chest pain, musculoskeletal and joint pain, abdominal and pelvic pain, and cancer screening and management, as well as issues of patient radiation exposure.
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Naticchia, Chris. Transparency and Executive Authority. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190922542.003.0011.
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This chapter will examine the extent (if any) to which sovereign power and executive authority may be justifiably exercised through secret laws. Generally speaking, social contract views reject such secrecy—insisting instead that laws must be public. In opposition to this apparent view of the social contract tradition, we have recent developments in the United States. These developments go beyond mere government attempts to classify information or to bar disclosure of intelligence-gathering methods or capabilities. They also include maintaining secrecy in the law through which the government exercises the authority it claims. For example, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court issues classified rulings, creating a body of secret law that determines, by implication, which surveillance activities are consistent, and which inconsistent, with the Fourth Amendment’s protection against unreasonable searches without a particularized warrant based on probable cause. This chapter will argue that the social contract tradition itself may contain resources for defending these sorts of actions. It will explore whether paternalistic principles, whose scope is determined through contractarian reasoning, might be able to account for some government secrecy that extends beyond classifying information and protecting intelligence methods and capabilities to maintaining secrecy in some governing laws themselves. The question would be whether such limited paternalism—limited to cases involving “infirmities” of our reason or will—may be justifiably expanded to cover cases where those infirmities are absent, but where typical citizens may simply be “squeamish” about the judgments that certain executive decisions require.
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Punske, Jeffrey, Nathan Sanders i Amy V. Fountain, red. Language Invention in Linguistics Pedagogy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829874.001.0001.
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This volume brings together multiple emerging strands of interest in language and linguistics. First is increasing attention on pedagogical scholarship in linguistics, signaled by the 2013 addition to the flagship journal Language of a series on Teaching Linguistics (see for example Sanders 2016) and by many recent panels and workshops on pedagogy at linguistics conferences around the world. Additionally, public outreach has gained greater prominence in the field, with linguists becoming more active and engaged with the public on social media and in podcasts. There has also been an increase in broader public interest in constructed languages (conlangs) and how to build them, indicated by the popularity of conlangs in film and television (e.g. Star Trek, Avatar, and Game of Thrones) and by the success of relevant books (e.g. Okrent 2010; Rosenfelder 2010; Peterson 2014, 2015). This volume showcases a variety of methods which instructors can use to tap into this public interest in conlangs and conlanging to reach a broader student population, increase their engagement with course material, deepen their understanding of linguistics and its interdisciplinary relationships, and provide opportunities for public outreach. Using language invention as a pedagogical tool is an innovative way to capitalize on the effectiveness of many modern educational approaches, such as problem-based learning, collaborative learning, and active learning, especially for a diverse cohort of learners. The methods and materials presented in this volume help cultivate students’ understanding of language, linguistic diversity, linguistic analysis, and the power of creativity.