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1

Fadich, Ana, Salvatore J. Giorgianni, Michael J. Rovito, Gregory A. Pecchia, Jean J. Bonhomme, Wesley B. Adams, Colin L. Stephenson, Felipe E. Mesa-Morales i Justin Scott Sparkes. "USPSTF Testicular Examination Nomination–Self-Examinations and Examinations in a Clinical Setting". American Journal of Men's Health 12, nr 5 (2.05.2018): 1510–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988318768597.

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In 2004, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) published a Grade D recommendation for both testicular self-examination (TSE) and clinical evaluation to screen for testicular cancer in asymptomatic males. This review committee reaffirmed these recommendations in 2009 and again in 2011 (Testicular Cancer: Screening Release Date: April 2011. Final Update Summary: Testicular Cancer: Screening. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. September 2016). The 2011 USPSTF review found no significant evidence that would warrant a change from the last full review in 2004. We believe that the USPSTF erred in its assessments. As acknowledged in the task force report, testicular cancer is not believed to be preventable, and treatment of early detected testicular cancer is generally associated with very favorable outcomes; it is our belief therefore that every encouragement should be given to early detection. We are therefore requesting that the USPSTF review the D rating for testicular examination, both in a clinical setting and as self-examination. We are requesting this, as recent studies and public health warrant a change in grade. The new studies build on earlier studies that support the benefits of regular screening by individuals and their physicians. Further, and equally important, we believe that the current grade and attendant information confuses men and boys about the importance of self-care and wellness and continues to inadvertently reinforce negative cultural attitudes. We believe that adjusting the rating to a Grade B is both warranted and necessary.
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Cresswell, M. J. "Describing Examination Performance: grade criteria in public examinations". Educational Studies 13, nr 3 (styczeń 1987): 247–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305569870130305.

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Yang, June C., Paul E. Wallner, Gary J. Becker, Jennifer L. Bosma i Anthony M. Gerdeman. "Reliability of oral examinations: Radiation oncology certifying examination". Practical Radiation Oncology 3, nr 1 (styczeń 2013): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prro.2011.10.006.

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Chyc, A. D. "Routine postnatal examination: Other examinations should be abandoned". BMJ 307, nr 6911 (23.10.1993): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.307.6911.1065-c.

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Biccard, Piera, Patience Kelebogile Mudau i Geesje Van den Berg. "Student Perceptions of Online Examinations as an Emergency Measure during Covid-19". Journal of Learning for Development 10, nr 2 (18.07.2023): 222–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v10i2.672.

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This article explores student perceptions of writing online examinations for the first time during the Covid-19 pandemic. Prior to the pandemic, examinations at an open and distance learning institution in South Africa were conducted as venue-based examinations. From March 2020, all examinations were moved online. Online examinations were introduced as an emergency measure to adhere to safety and health protocols. Although students in developed countries have indicated benefits to online examinations, less is known about students living in the Global South when it comes to writing examinations online. Not enough is known about the benefits and challenges of online examinations since they were implemented as an emergency measure. We aimed at exploring student perceptions of writing online examinations for the first time, improve examination processes by including student views. Through an analysis of 336 written responses to an open-ended question posed at the end of an online survey, we established that digital access, duration of the examination, and the examination system interface affected students’ success in online examinations. Based on the findings, we recommend that students need to be given tools and data to participate in online examinations. Furthermore, students should be granted ample opportunity to practise writing online examinations while receiving the necessary support.
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Kahn, Irwin. "Comparison of Scores on Regularly Scheduled Examinations and Makeup Examinations". Psychological Reports 76, nr 3 (czerwiec 1995): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.76.3.771.

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Two studies investigated students' performance on makeup examinations. In Study 1, 70 of 520 students used a comprehensive makeup, and in Study 2, 103 of 220 students used an hour makeup to replace missed regularly scheduled examinations. Students scored significantly higher on regularly scheduled than on either examination. Further, students who did not miss an examination earned higher total scores than students who did. Finally, more students took the hour makeup than comprehensive makeup examination. It is suggested that (a) these findings be included in instructors' manuals for introductory psychology textbooks, (b) instructors inform students about the makeup-examination scores at the beginning of a term, and (c) instructors use this information to decide on what format of makeup examination to use.
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Wacogne, I. D. "Examinations". Archives of Disease in Childhood 86, nr 1 (1.01.2002): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.86.1.25.

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Harcourt, John K. "EXAMINATIONS". Australian Dental Journal 30, nr 6 (grudzień 1985): 443–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.1985.tb02556.x.

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Chima, Jugjit. "Examinations". SecEd 2016, nr 29 (17.11.2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/sece.2016.29.10.

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&NA;. "Examinations". Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 3, nr 4 (październik 1993): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042752-199310000-00018.

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DUNCAN, K. P. "Examining Examinations: Pre-employment Medical Examinations". Occupational Medicine 39, nr 4 (1989): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/39.4.152.

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Puhachenko, Olha, Svetlana Kosenko i Maxim Babii. "Organization of Forensic Examinations and Expert Research on Economic Issues". Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Economic Sciences, nr 6(39) (2021): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2663-1636.2021.6(39).115-130.

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The article studies the organization of forensic examinations and expert research on economic issues. The objective of the article is to study the peculiarities of the organization of forensic examinations and expert research on economic issues, including practical activities of Kirovohrad State Research Forensic Centre of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. The study was conducted on the basis of the systematic approach using methods of analysis, generalization, grouping and comparison. The method of graphical representation was used for better perception of information about the organization of forensic examinations and expert research on economic issues. It was found that forensic examination and expert research on economic issues is appointed on general grounds in compliance with the Law of Ukraine "On Forensic Examination", Instruction on appointment and conduct of forensic examinations and expert research and Scientific and methodological recommendations on preparation and appointment of forensic examinations and expert research and procedural law. Forensic economic examination includes: examination of accounting documents, tax accounting and reporting; examination of documents on economic activity of enterprises and organizations; examination of documents of financial and credit transactions. Judicial expertise and expert research on economic issues are subordinated to the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and expert services of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine and the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. In general, the procedure for the appointment and conduct of forensic examinations and expert research on economic issues, as well as the rights, duties and responsibilities of forensic experts in procedural law are similar. It is established that the basis for the forensic examination is the relevant court decision or the decision of the pre-trial investigation body, or a contract with an expert or expert institution if the examination is conducted at the request of others. It is determined that in Ukraine, in accordance with the procedural legislation of Ukraine, experts perform primary, additional, repeated, commission and complex examinations, and expert examinations are performed in the manner prescribed for examinations. The peculiarities of the organization of complex and commission forensic economic examination are generalized. Prospects for further research are seen in the analysis of the existing procedure for documenting the results of examinations and expert studies, features of the choice of research methods and methods of forensic economic examinations, as well as in improving regulations and normative documents on the organization of forensic examinations and expert research on economic issues.
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Panova, I. V., O. E. Chernov i V. F. Pfaf. "Mandatory medical examinations as a method of prevention". Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, nr 9 (19.03.2020): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-717.

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Currently, the normative acts do not define the priority and order of interaction (routing) between various types of medical examinations (examinations) working during mandatory, preventive medical examinations and medical examination. The order of action of doctors in the diagnosis of diseases at various stages of the examination has not been determined.
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Barakaev, L. O. "AN AUDIT AS A LEGAL METHOD OF COLLECTING EVIDENCE DESCRIPTION AND TASKS". American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 5, nr 9 (1.09.2023): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume05issue09-09.

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This scientific article examines the concept of audit examination, the goals and objectives of audit examination, the differences and similarities between audit examination and departmental audit examinations and other audit examinations.
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15

Bosch, Jos A., Eco E. J. De geus, Christoffer Ring i Arie V. Nieuw Amerongen. "ACADEMIC EXAMINATIONS AND IMMUNITY: ACADEMIC STRESS OR EXAMINATION STRESS?" Psychosomatic Medicine 66, nr 4 (lipiec 2004): 625–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200407000-00025.

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Murdan, Sudax. "Feedback from Examinations: Returning Marked Examination Scripts to Students". Pharmacy Education 2, nr 4 (1.01.2002): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1560221021000061841.

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Welsby, Philip. "Taut teachings: history and physical examination tips for examinations". Postgraduate Medical Journal 92, nr 1087 (10.03.2016): 247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133926.

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Herasimenkienė, Gintarė. "Handwriting examinations of historical documents". Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 49 (18.04.2019): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.49.6.

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In this article, some cases of historical document examinations by handwriting experts are presented: examination of an entry in Old Prussian from the 14th century, examination of a collection of proverbs from the 18th century, written in Lithuanian and German and the examination of the constitution of a monastery from the beginning of the 20th century. The author of the article shares her observations on when such examinations are possible, what challenges experts are facing and provides recommendations for the conduct of examination of historical documents.
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Kapustnik, Kostiantin, Olexiy Khomutenko i Pavlos Kipouras. "On Improvement of Scientific and Methodological Basis for Conducting Forensic Economic Examinations Considering Other Types of Forensic Examinations (review article)". Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 29, nr 4 (18.04.2023): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.4.2022.09.

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Multidisciplinary forensic examinations reflect current tendency to integrate knowledge from various fields in order to objectively and impartially solve tasks of court proceedings, as integration of knowledge of specialists with different competences opens up new prospects for development of forensic examinations. Forensic economists who currently participate in multidisciplinary forensic examinations involving various kinds of interaction, sequence and degree of participation of each specialist in solving a common task have not been left behind. Article Purpose: to study into the need to develop scientific and methodological guidelines on the issues of carrying out forensic economic examinations while considering other types of forensic examinations. Leading methods of analysis and synthesis have been applied. The research paper substantiates the relevance of issues associated with conduct of forensic economic examinations taking account other types of forensic examinations. It is stressed that forensic economic examinations, during conduct of which results of other types of forensic examinations are used, do not fall under the concept of multidisciplinary forensic examination, since conclusions of other types of forensic examinations are not the research object of forensic economic examination. The paper emphasizes the need to develop an algorithm for conducting forensic economic examinations taking into account other types of forensic examinations. This will help forensic economists to use conclusions of other types of forensic examinations in multidisciplinary research without their evaluation, which in turn will enable to reduce the time for conducting forensic examinations and contribute to obtaining objective and unbiased expert conclusions.
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VORVILAS, George, Alexandros LIAPIS, Alkis KOROVESIS, Dimitra AGGELOPOULOU, Nikos KAROUSOS i Efstathios EFSTATHOPOULOS. "CONDUCTING REMOTE ELECTRONIC EXAMINATIONS IN DISTANCE HIGHER EDUCATION: STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS". Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education 24, nr 2 (1.04.2023): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17718/tojde.971889.

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The COVID-19 pandemic forced Higher Educational Institutes (HEIs) to adopt alternative approaches in delivering their learning activities including examinations. Regarding the latter, remote electronic examinations were selected as a one-way solution due to physical presence restriction measures imposed by governments around the world. This paper presents the evaluation of the remote examinations conducted by the Anonymized Open University [AOU]. The evaluation sought to inform decision making about the future of remote examinations at that distance learning organization. A sample of 9.276 students participated voluntarily and filled out a questionnaire. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis was employed. Results revealed that students were satisfied with the remote electronic examination process and they expressed their desire to be examined remotely again. Avoiding travelling and saving money were the main benefits mentioned by students. Issues were reported regarding the examination topics and the examination time. Students suggested the provision of more examination time and improvements in the university procedures and infrastructures that support remote examinations.
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Kim, Jungho, Youngkeun Lee, Seunghyun Lee, Seunghun Kim i Soonchul Kwon. "Implementation of Kiosk-Type System Based on Gaze Tracking for Objective Visual Function Examination". Symmetry 14, nr 3 (28.02.2022): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14030499.

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To demonstrate that the near-point-of-convergence (npc) examination is performed subjectively, the visual fixation and four-prism diopter (Δ) base-out (BO) examinations can be conducted with a kiosk-type objective examination method based on gaze tracking, and can be compared with the existing method. Objective examination equipment was used to verify effectiveness. Fifteen adult men and women in their 20s and 30s (26.87 ± 3.31 years) with visual acuity of 0.8 (logMAR: 0.1, Snellen: 20/25(6/7.5)) or higher (corrected vision in the case of ametropia) underwent the npc, visual fixation, and 4 Δ BO examinations based on the existing examination method followed by the gaze-tracking-based kiosk-type examination method. Three examinations were performed, and a comparative analysis was conducted. The gaze tracking method used a method of extracting eye feature points, and it was judged that the ocular moved when the movement of 30 eye feature points at the edge of the iris was detected. In the comparison between the existing method and the kiosk-type method, there were no statistically significant differences in npc, visual fixation, and 4 Δ BO examinations. Npc examinations were performed extensively by the existing subjective method, however, it seems that these can be conducted objectively using the kiosk-type method. Visual fixation and 4 Δ BO examinations require high-examination proficiency because finely moving ocular movements need to be observed, but it is judged that examinations can be performed more easily and accurately when combined with the kiosk-type method. The symmetrical characteristics between the two test results are expected to serve as a basis for using the kiosk-type examination method in clinical practice.
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Hashimoto, Akihiko. "Comparison of the Big Tests’ Origins in Japan and the United States: The Characteristics of the “Elementary School Examination” of the Early Meiji Era". Comparative Sociology 14, nr 1 (29.04.2015): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341340.

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It is known that Japanese elementary school examination was developed in the early Meiji era, around the 1870–80s, under the influences of the American school examination. But little has been known about the similarities or the differences of those examinations in both countries hitherto. Close investigation uncovered that early Meiji examination inherits many tools from the samurais’ examination of the feudal ages, e.g. the examination hall’s layout, preparation procedure, and the format for questioning, scoring, marking, and reporting. And those Japanese examinations were mainly given to encourage prudent learners as opposed to making selections, promotions, accreditations, or any other high-stakes decisions. Even Japanese, following the Meiji era, had imported “the purpose of testing” to make such significant decisions, the Japanese had not changed their manners of handling examinations in a true sense. This could lead to examinations in Japanese schools functioning differently from the “intended” purpose of the examination.
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Meyl, Tobias Philipp, Anne Berghöfer, Tobias Blatter, Johannes T. Heverhagen, Maximilian de Bucourt i Martin H. Maurer. "Software-Based Evaluation of Optimization Potential for Clinical MRI Scanners in Radiology". RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 194, nr 04 (22.10.2021): 391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1659-8821.

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Objective The aim of the study was to use a software application to analyze the examination times and changeover times of two clinically highly applied MRI scanners at a university hospital for radiology and to evaluate whether this could result in optimization potential for examination planning in the daily clinical routine of MRI diagnostics. Materials and Methods Based on the newly developed software application “Teamplay Usage” (Siemens Healthineers, Germany), the examinations carried out on two MRI scanners (1.5 T and 3 T) were investigated within an analysis period of 12 months with regard to the type of examination and its duration. In addition, compliance with the previously defined planning time (30, 45, 60 min.) was checked and deviations were analyzed. In addition, the changeover times between the examinations were determined and a possible influence due to the exchange of MRI coils was investigated for a selection of change combinations. Results For the total of 7184 (1.5 T: 3740; 3 T: 3444) examinations included in the study, the median examination time was 43:02 minutes (1.5 T: 43:17 min.; 3 T: 42:45 min.). The ten most frequent types of examinations per MRI scanner were completed within the predefined plan time of 54.5 % (1.5 T) and 51.9 % (3 T), taking into account a previously defined preparation and post-processing time of 9 minutes per examination. Overall, more time was spent on examinations with a planned time of 30 minutes, whereas the majority of the examinations planned with 45 minutes were also completed within this time. Examinations with a planned time of 60 minutes usually took less time. A comparison between the planned time and the determined examination duration of the most common types of examinations showed overall a slight potential for optimization. Coil exchanges between two examinations had a small, but statistically not significant effect on the median changeover time (p = 0.062). Conclusion Utilizing a software-based analysis, a detailed overview of the type of examination, examination duration, and changeover times of frequently used clinical MRI scanners could be obtained. In the clinic examined, there was little potential for optimization of examination planning. An exchange of MRI coils necessary for different types of examination only had a small effect on the changeover times. Key Points: Citation Format
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Rusda, Muhammad, Berry Eka Parda Bancin i Andrina Yunita Murni Rambe. "Gynecological Examination in Children and Adolescents". Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, T7 (25.03.2022): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9262.

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Pediatric gynecological examination is one of the gynecological examinations that are quite simple, but many doctors are unable to do it properly because of the infrequentness of doing this examination. Consulting a child with gynecological complaints, endocrine problems, or sexual abuse often takes a long time and is thorough. However, evidence-based data on the problem of gynecological examinations in children and adolescents are inadequate because of the high bias in many studies. The purpose of this review is to seek from the literature regarding the correct procedures for gynecological examinations in children and adolescents, the order of examinations, and how to carry out a good examination so as not to leave a traumatic experience for children.
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Tyrer, Stephen P. "Criteria for appointment to observer and examination panels and overseas examinations". Psychiatric Bulletin 23, nr 10 (październik 1999): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.23.10.628.

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The procedure for nomination to the MRCPsych Board of Examiners was recently published in Psychiatric Bulletin (Tyrer, 1999). These have led to enquiry by Members and Fellows of the College about the criteria for appointment to other Committees and Panels that are under the aegis of the Examinations Department. Following discussion at the Examinations Sub-Committee the criteria for appointment of psychiatrists to the Panel of Observers, the Panels concerned with the development of questions for the Multiple Choice Papers in both Parts of the MRCPsych Examinations, the Critical Review Paper and the Essay Paper in Part II of the Examination and for Overseas Examiners, are indicated below.
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Livingston, Gill, Stuart Cox, Cornelius Katona i Mary Robertson. "Assessment of psychiatric teaching: examining examinations". Psychiatric Bulletin 22, nr 12 (grudzień 1998): 726–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.22.12.726.

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Aims and methodThe study set out to consider whether the ‘end-of-firm’ examination in psychiatry fulfils its goals by examining the internal consistency of the end-of-firm examination and final medical board examination and the correlation between these examinations' scores and sub-scores. Students who failed their end-of-firm examination were followed to monitor their progress at final medical board examinations.ResultsOne hundred and eighty students sat end-of-firm examinations and final medical board examinations. All the components of the end-of-firm examinations and the final correlated significantly with the total mark. The psychiatric essay was less well correlated with the final mark but correlated well with total essay marks. Students who failed their end-of-firm psychiatry examination at first attempt received extra tuition and only two failed finals.Clinical implicationsEssay writing ability may not carry over into high performance in other areas tested and may be a test of other skills. Extra tuition benefited failing students whose results fell outside the pattern of prediction. Thus the end-of-firm examination may be a useful tool if acted on to prevent student failure.
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Mitra, Sugata, i Ritu Dangwal. "Effects of Internet Access During Examinations". Journal of Learning for Development 9, nr 1 (15.03.2022): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v9i1.632.

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The scores obtained by students in examinations where internet access was allowed during the examination were compared with the scores obtained in traditional examinations where no assistance was allowed. These scores were then compared with those obtained in a standardised school examination on the same topic or subject, taken by the same students a year before. We observed that scores dropped by over 70% within a year of taking a traditional examination but could be significantly improved if internet access is allowed in the later examination. We further observed that scores in examinations where internet access was allowed were consistently higher than where internet access was not allowed. Finally, we report an analysis by rank and observe that student rankings change both over time and whether internet access was allowed or not. This leads us to suggest that use of the internet during examinations measures abilities that are different and more meaningful to our times than those that are measured by traditional examinations based on memorisation and unassisted recall.
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Kahn, Irwin. "Students' Performance on Makeup Examinations and other Evaluations". Psychological Reports 87, nr 3 (grudzień 2000): 747–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.87.3.747.

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In two studies, one involving a lower-division psychology course and the other involving an upper-division psychology course, students who missed required examinations had lower test scores, quiz scores, comprehensive final test scores, and attendance than students who did not miss required examinations. In addition, students in the upper-division psychology course who missed required examinations had a lower mean makeup examination test score than on their required examination.
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Yulia, Dwi, i Osman Sianipar Sianipar. "Ovarian Cancer Clinical Aspects and at least Two Tumor Markers for Diagnosis Laboratory Examination". INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 30, nr 1 (3.11.2023): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v30i1.2114.

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Ovarian cancer is one of the gynecological malignancies with a bad outcome. Epidemiologically, it is the fifth cause of death in females worldwide. Patients have various complaints, and examinations available for early detection are inadequate, causing high mortality rates and late diagnosis. Prepare a more appropriate examination to establish an earlier diagnosis, especially in females with risk factors requiring screening. Laboratory examinations combined with other supporting examinations can provide better results to confirm the diagnosis of ovarian cancer and lower the morbidity rate. Knowing the updated examination to support the diagnosis, such as examination of ovarian cancer biological markers specific to HE4, CA-125, CEA, CA 19-9. A combination of examinations is needed for early detection of ovarian cancer.
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Furst, David, Gershon Tenenbaum i Gilad Weingarten. "Test Anxiety, Sex, and Exam Type". Psychological Reports 56, nr 2 (kwiecień 1985): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.56.2.663.

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This study investigated the relationships (a) among worry, emotionality, and a more global measure of state anxiety before three types of examinations (objective, physical performance, and subjective) given in three academic disciplines and (b) among the three anxiety measures and expected and actual outcomes for 146 men and 217 women (age: M = 23.72, SD = 3.33). Across all types of examinations women scored higher on emotionality and general state anxiety than men. Women tended to underestimate and men to overestimate their performance. Both sexes were more emotional before pencil-and-paper examinations than physical performance examinations, but they worried more before the performance examination. Correlations indicated clearer and more consistent relationships for women between expectations, performance, relative success, and the outcomes measures. For men, more complex relationships with both somative and cognitive anxiety across types of examination were found. It is suggested that test anxiety and performance on examinations be studied in relation to both differences in gender and type of examination.
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Slyusarenko, Viktoriya, Oleksiy Khomutenko i Svitlana Tarasyutina. "Conducting Forensic Multidisciplinary Examinations and Sets of Forensic Examinations Using Specific Expertise in Economics". Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 34, nr 1 (29.03.2024): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2024.12.

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The quality of forensic examination depends on a forensic expert’s qualification and his/her in-depth and responsible research on objects, the investigation of which arose during pre-trial investigation or trial. Currently, expert methodologies for conducting multidisciplinary forensic economic examinations and sets of forensic examinations require improvement, especial-ly in light of wartime conditions. Multidisciplinary examination reflects contemporary theoretical trends by integrating legal norms into practical application to address urgent tasks in pre-trial investigations and court proceedings. The most efficient approach is to use a set of methods and technical means that give rise to new branches of scientific knowledge, determine the regularities of their practical significance, and establish interdisciplinary links. At the same time, multidisciplinary examination demonstrates high efficiency and broad possibilities through the combined and synthesized application of knowledge from diverse scientific fields and technical tools in addressing tasks assigned to a forensic expert. Sequential conduct of various types of forensic examinations during the resolution of multidisciplinary tasks in some cases ensures the reliability of expert conclusions and optimizes the judicial process. Multidisciplinary examination conclusions have a varied impact on the decisions made by the parties to the dispute. Therefore, improving the methodology of conducting multidisciplinary forensic examinations or sets of forensic examinations during the resolution of complex issues, which often arise in conditions of martial law, is relevant. This allows for the determination of unified approaches to addressing problematic aspects of such research.
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Svoboda, Eugenia, i Yurii Tsipotan. "Use of forensic examination opportunities during the investigation of corruption criminal offenses committed by judges". Visegrad Journal on Human Rights, nr 1 (6.05.2024): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.61345/1339-7915.2024.1.18.

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The article emphasizes the significant pre-trial importance of forensic examinations in investigating corrupt criminal offenses as one of the forms of utilizing specialized knowledge. The authors disclose the definition of forensic examination. Based on the works of criminologists, survey results from practitioners, and the study of verdicts from the Higher Anti-Corruption Court, it was established that forensic examinations are assigned to state specialized expert institutions but to various subjects of forensic activity. A list of forensic examinations types, primarily appointed in the investigation of criminal offenses committed by judges, is also identified. The most common types of forensic examinations in the investigation of corruption criminal offenses committed by judges are considered. The authors emphasize the importance of forensic criminalistic examination of audio and video materials, forensic document examination, forensic portrait examination, forensic handwriting examination, forensic computer-technical examination, forensic dactyloscopic examination, psychological examination, and forensic linguistic (semantic-textual) examination. It is outlined that conducting examinations in corruption-related proceedings is an effective means of determining the crime mechanism, identifying comparative sample and traces of the suspect, and the subject of the unlawful benefit. The main tasks set for the expert to solve during the investigation of corruption criminal offenses committed by judges are systematized. In the modern context, attention is focused on solving identification and diagnostic tasks. All these achievements are substantiated by statistical data results and interviews with practitioners, as well as through the analysis of criminal proceedings in the specified category of offenses.
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FU, Guanhua, i Muzhou LI. "Cross-regional Participation in National Graduate Admission Examination:The Historical Implications of Shuntian and Shanxi Provincial Examination in the Late Qing Dynasty". Theory and Practice of Chinese Pedagogy 2, nr 4 (28.12.2023): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.48014/tpcp.20230522001.

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In the late Qing Dynasty, Renyin and Guimao rural examinations were the last two rural examinations in the history of Chinese imperial examinations. However, under the intrusion of domestic troubles and foreign invaders, the Qing Court had to adopt a compromise method in order to continue the tradition of selecting scholars through the imperial examinations and pick out and promote talents. The imperial examinations were held in Shuntian County in Henan Province and in Shanxi Province in Shaanxi Province, which led to the rare phenomenon of borrowing Wei in the imperial examinations of thousands of years. When the implementation process of the two provinces of the provincial exams borrowed exams are compared, it is found that there are many differences between the two provinces in terms of the time priority, the complexity of admission and delivery, the dispatch of officials and the content of the examination. However, from the perspective of the examination concepts such as the objectives and principles of the borrowed exams, the two provinces have obvious common features, including paying attention to the simplicity of the township examination organization, respecting the independence of provincial township examination, and adhering to the fairness of the imperial examination. From the perspective of the past, the practice experience in the late Qing Dynasty is similar to that in the present. It has important historical revelation for improving the management level and ability of the modernization of the postgraduate entrance examination. Firstly, we should strengthen the construction of the national system of the postgraduate entrance examination in different places, secondly, we should attach importance to the construction of standardized examination centers in different provinces and regions, and thirdly, we should improve the coordination mechanism of the resources of the postgraduate entrance examination in different places.
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Zhizherina, Yu. "How to properly conduct a medical examination". Voprosy trudovogo prava (Labor law issues), nr 10 (30.10.2021): 775–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-2-2110-07.

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The organization of medical examination of employees is a direct obligation of the employer. Since April 2021, the rules for undergoing medical examinations have been changed. What is included in the area of responsibility of the personnel officer, what medical examinations and examinations the employee must undergo, how the personnel service should correctly organize and arrange for preliminary and periodic medical examinations, read the material.
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Pilz, M., C. Fischer-Tenhagen, M. Grau i W. Heuwieser. "Behavioural and physiological assessment of stress reactions during vaginal examination in dairy cows". Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere 42, nr 02 (2014): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1623211.

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Summary Objectives and aim: The objective of this study was to determine the origin of an arched back in cows during vaginal examination. Moreover, we tested whether the duration of an arched back and avoidance reactions during vaginal examination can be decreased by epidural anaesthesia or analgesic treatment. Material and methods: Behaviour during cleaning of the perivaginal region and during vaginal examination was scored using the avoidance reactivity score (ARS). Heart rate (HR) was recorded in 10 dairy cows considering four experimental phases, i.e. baseline, cleaning the perivaginal region, vaginal examination and post-examination. Each cow was examined three times and received no treatment (CON), an epidural anaesthesia (EPID) or an analgesic treatment (NSAID). The duration of an arched back during and post-examination was measured. Results: The expression of the arched back was shortest in cows of group EPID and longest in cows of group CON. Avoidance reactions did not differ between the cleaning phase and vaginal examination in cows of group EPID. Cows of group CON showed the strongest avoidance reactions during examination, whereas cows of group EPID showed least avoidance reactions. Mean HR increased during cleaning and vaginal examination and decreased post-examination. Mean HR during vaginal examination did not differ between treatment groups. Conclusion: The results show that cows express discomfort during vaginal examination with an increase in avoidance reactions and HR. Although epidural anaesthesia could reduce sensitivity in the perivaginal region, cows still felt the urge to empty the vagina from the examiner’s hand and, thus, were arching their back. Clinical relevance: In practice, routine vaginal examinations in dairy cows have not been considered as invasive examinations. Our results show that vaginal examinations indeed do cause discomfort. We do not suggest the application of any anaesthetic treatment as appropriate before routine vaginal examinations. None theless, the examiner should be aware of the stress potential of vaginal examinations and conduct such examinations most carefully.
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Song, Dixin, Shufeng Jiao, Yan Xu i Shaojie Du. "Analysis of the characteristics of computer certification test suitable for higher vocational colleges". MATEC Web of Conferences 355 (2022): 03056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235503056.

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With the popularization of computer application, there is a craze for computer certification in the society. Faced with a wide variety of examinations, how to choose a suitable examination is the concern of every examinee. This paper analyzes the current popular examinations from the aspects of examination organization departments, suitable people, examination methods and examination contents. It also puts forward some suggestions on the reform of computer examination.
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Adams, Scott J., Brent E. Burbridge, Andreea Badea, Leanne Langford, Vincent Vergara, Rhonda Bryce, Luis Bustamante, Ivar M. Mendez i Paul S. Babyn. "Initial Experience Using a Telerobotic Ultrasound System for Adult Abdominal Sonography". Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 68, nr 3 (sierpień 2017): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2016.08.002.

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Purpose The study sought to assess the feasibility of performing adult abdominal examinations using a telerobotic ultrasound system in which radiologists or sonographers can control fine movements of a transducer and all ultrasound settings from a remote location. Methods Eighteen patients prospectively underwent a conventional sonography examination (using EPIQ 5 [Philips] or LOGIQ E9 [GE Healthcare]) followed by a telerobotic sonography examination (using the MELODY System [AdEchoTech] and SonixTablet [BK Ultrasound]) according to a standardized abdominal imaging protocol. For telerobotic examinations, patients were scanned remotely by a sonographer 2.75 km away. Conventional examinations were read independently from telerobotic examinations. Image quality and acceptability to patients and sonographers was assessed. Results Ninety-two percent of organs visualized on conventional examinations were sufficiently visualized on telerobotic examinations. Five pathological findings were identified on both telerobotic and conventional examinations, 3 findings were identified using only conventional sonography, and 2 findings were identified using only telerobotic sonography. A paired sample t test showed no significant difference between the 2 modalities in measurements of the liver, spleen, and diameter of the proximal aorta; however, telerobotic assessments overestimated distal aorta and common bile duct diameters and underestimated kidney lengths ( P values < .05). All patients responded that they would be willing to have another telerobotic examination. Conclusions A telerobotic ultrasound system is feasible for performing abdominal ultrasound examinations at a distant location with minimal training and setup requirements and a moderate learning curve. Telerobotic sonography (robotic telesonography) may open up the possibility of remote ultrasound clinics for communities that lack skilled sonographers and radiologists, thereby improving access to care.
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Osei, Ernest K., i Johnson Darko. "A Survey of Organ Equivalent and Effective Doses from Diagnostic Radiology Procedures". ISRN Radiology 2013 (6.09.2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/204346.

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The quantification of radiation risks associated with radiological examinations has been a subject of interest with the increased use of X-rays. Effective dose, which is a risk-weighted measure of radiation to organs in the body associated with radiological examination, is considered a good indicator of radiological risk. We have therefore investigated patient effective doses from radiological examinations. Organ and effective doses were estimated for 94 patients who underwent computed tomography examinations and for 338 patients who had conventional radiography examinations. The OrgDose (version 2) program was used for the estimation of effective doses. The tube potential ranges: 57 kVp to 138 kVp depending on the examination and patient size. The entrance surface doses have a wide range even for the same examination: 0.44–10.31 mGy (abdomen) and 0.66–16.08 mGy (lumbar spine) and the corresponding effective dose ranges 0.025–0.77 mSv and 0.025–0.95 mSv respectively. Effective dose for adult abdomen-pelvic CT examinations ranges 5.4–19.8 mSv with a mean of 13.6 mSv and for pediatrics ranges 2.1–5.5 mSv with a mean of 2.7 mSv. The mean effective dose for adult chest and head CT examinations are 7.9 and 1.8 mSv respectively and for pediatrics are 1.7 and 1.1 mSv.
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Kim, Keumji, Hye-jin Jeon, Seok-jae Ko i Jae-Woo Park. "Clinical Abdominal Examinations in Korean Medicine Based on Expert Opinions". Journal of Internal Korean Medicine 42, nr 6 (30.12.2021): 1211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22246/jikm.2021.42.6.1211.

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the opinions of experts on abdominal examinations in Korean Medicine included in the curriculum of the College of Korean Medicine.Methods: Among Korean doctors, 14 experts on abdominal examinations were interviewed; the experts included 9 professors of Korean internal medicine, 1 expert in diagnostics of Korean Medicine, 1 primary care Korean medicine doctor, and 3 executives of a (former) Korean association of the abdomen. The interview consisted of questions regarding recognition of the clinical importance of abdominal examinations, how to perform abdominal examinations, the most frequent abdominal examination findings encountered in clinical practice, and the definition of some of the abdominal examination findings.Results: Most interviewees recognized abdominal examinations as important and used them in clinical practice. Opinions on additions and corrections were collected regarding observation items, posture, method, and order during abdominal examinations. Abdominal examination findings that were common clinically were abdominal fullness (腹滿), epigastric stuffness (心下痞鞕), abdominal tenderness, epigastric fullness (心下滿), and rib distention (胸脇苦滿). The answers to the question related to the definitions of abdominal examination findings included consent and supplementary opinions regarding definitions of deficiency-excess, cold-heat, abdominal tenderness, tension of abdominal muscles, succession sounds, and borborygmus; these were mainly selected based on abdominal symptoms that are highly quantifiable.Conclusions: In the future, based on the results of this study, additional research related to the drafting of a standard abdominal examination in Korean medicine should be conducted to provide an opportunity to increase the reliability of Korean medicine diagnosis.
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Smith, J., i E. R. Laskowski. "The preparticipation physical examination: Mayo Clinic experience with 2,739 examinations." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 73, nr 5 (1.05.1998): 419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/73.5.419.

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Stowell, Jeffrey R. "ACADEMIC EXAMINATIONS AND IMMUNITY: ACADEMIC STRESS OR EXAMINATION STRESS?: RESPONSE". Psychosomatic Medicine 66, nr 4 (lipiec 2004): 626–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200407000-00026.

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Putwain, David. "Do examinations stakes moderate the test anxiety–examination performance relationship?" Educational Psychology 28, nr 2 (8.02.2008): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443410701452264.

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Smith, Jay, i Edward R. Laskowski. "The Preparticipation Physical Examination: Mayo Clinic Experience With 2,739 Examinations". Mayo Clinic Proceedings 73, nr 5 (maj 1998): 419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-6196(11)63723-3.

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Bosch, J. A. "ACADEMIC EXAMINATIONS AND IMMUNITY: ACADEMIC STRESS OR EXAMINATION STRESS? * Response". Psychosomatic Medicine 66, nr 4 (1.07.2004): 625–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000133254.46947.ac.

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Narchi, Hassib. "Pediatric Examinations Content Validity Comparison: In-House Versus NBME Examination". Medical Science Educator 23, nr 2 (czerwiec 2013): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03341628.

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Oranga, Josephine, Eliud Nyakundi i Gift Muyunda. "Cheating and Dishonesty in Examinations: Can Examination Malpractices Be Curbed?" OALib 11, nr 06 (2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1111165.

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Landau, Alex, Kim Voerman i Martyn Cobourne. "Remote delivery of FDS examinations". Faculty Dental Journal 12, nr 1 (styczeń 2021): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsfdj.2021.6.

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The challenge of COVID-19 meant that there was an imperative to provide an alternative to face-to-face delivery for those trainees who required examination in autumn 2020 to progress within, or exit from specialty training programmes. Written examinations were most easily adaptable to online delivery, with established platforms readily available for this purpose. The key consideration related to invigilation of candidates in a remote context. Candidates were invigilated through a combination of their webcams and mobile phones, to ensure that any potentially aberrant behaviour was identifiable. Oral elements proved to be more complicated to implement remotely. As a consequence, it was necessary for Examinations Directorate staff to explore ways of accommodating the oral assessment delivery requirements within existing videoconferencing software used by the College. The experience of remote delivery appears to have been a very positive one, for both candidates and examiners, due in part to the significant training provided for both groups prior to each examination to ensure effective delivery. Attention is now turning to the question of future delivery of examinations; some recent initiatives, such as the online delivery of written examinations, appear to be appropriate for retention in perpetuity. A final consideration is the impact of remote examination delivery on assessment of international candidate cohorts. Remote delivery appears to be the most efficient and sustainable mode of overseas examination delivery, and ensures that prestigious College qualifications become more accessible than ever to those overseas.
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Mirza, Chahrazed, Hossein Teymoori i Hajder Mirza. "Washback Effects of High-Stakes Examinations on Teachers’ Perceptions of their Instructional Practices". International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 22, nr 9 (30.09.2023): 571–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.22.9.31.

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Educational reforms often need help in practical implementation. One noted challenge in Algeria is the under-implementation of the competency-based approach (CBA). While the current literature has attempted to identify the causes of the frequently highlighted under-implementation of the CBA in Algeria, the potential washback effects of high-stakes examinations, particularly the baccalaureate examinations (BAC), still need to be explored. Teachers’ perceptions about the misalignment between examination prerequisites and the competency-based curriculum objectives were overlooked. This study examined the possible washback effects of the high-stakes baccalaureate examinations (BAC) on teachers’ perceptions about their instructional practices and the inefficacious implementation of the CBA. An explanatory quantitative design was adopted. Online questionnaires were administered to 85 English language teachers across diverse Algerian high schools. Using descriptive statistics, the results revealed that BAC examinations were not competency driven. The teachers perceived a clear misalignment between the BAC examinations' objectives, which emphasized measuring language knowledge and skills, and the CBA’s integration pedagogy, which emphasized teaching and measuring competencies. Further, the BAC examination prerequisites induced a marked negative washback effect on teachers’ instructional practices, driving them towards traditional methods aligning with examination content, thereby sidelining the CBA objectives. This consequential misalignment was a pivotal deterrent to the desired educational reforms. Given the influence of examinations such as BAC on instructional strategies, there is an urgent need to synchronize BAC examination objectives with competency-based curriculum objectives to foster genuine and effective implementation of the CBA in classrooms.
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Kudriavtsev, Lev Dmitrievich. "About examinations". Moscow University Pedagogical Education Bulletin, nr 1 (30.03.2014): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.51314/2073-2635-2014-1-86-99.

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Palmer, Janice L., Margaret Bultas, Renée L. Davis, Ashley D. Schmuke i Joshua B. Fender. "Nursing Examinations". Nurse Educator 41, nr 4 (2016): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nne.0000000000000238.

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