Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Evolutionary theory

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Evolutionary theory”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 10 marca 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Evolutionary theory"

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Michel, Arij. "Evolutionary Game Theory". International Journal of Circular Economy and Waste Management 1, nr 2 (lipiec 2021): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcewm.2021070103.

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The article uses evolutionary game theory analysis as the research object, which is the most commonly used research method of institutional change, and summarizes some methods in the research of institutional change, and points out the advantages and disadvantages of evolutionary game analysis in the research of institutional change and through the comparison of cutting-edge methods and evolutionary games to see the development direction of future research institutional changes.
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Ortmann, Andreas, i Jorgen W. Weibull. "Evolutionary Game Theory". Southern Economic Journal 63, nr 3 (styczeń 1997): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1061129.

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Burgin, Mark. "Evolutionary Information Theory". Information 4, nr 2 (11.04.2013): 124–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info4020124.

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Fudenberg, Drew, Jörgen W. Weibull i Jorgen W. Weibull. "Evolutionary Game Theory". Scandinavian Journal of Economics 98, nr 3 (wrzesień 1996): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3440739.

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Munro, Alistair. "Evolutionary Game Theory." Economic Journal 107, nr 440 (1.01.1997): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ej/107.440.218.

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Lai, Tze Leung, i Kevin Haoyu Sun. "Evolutionary Credibility Theory". North American Actuarial Journal 16, nr 2 (kwiecień 2012): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2012.10590641.

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Sigmund, Karl, i Martin A. Nowak. "Evolutionary game theory". Current Biology 9, nr 14 (lipiec 1999): R503—R505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(99)80321-2.

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Faulkes, Zen, i Anita Davelos Baines. "Evolutionary string theory". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, nr 4 (sierpień 2007): 369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07002270.

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AbstractEvolution in Four Dimensions claims that epigenetic, behavioral, and symbolic inheritance systems should be considered equal partners to genetics in evolutionary biology. The evidence for, and applicable scope of, these additional inheritance systems is limited, particularly with regard to areas involving learning. It is unclear how including these extra dimensions in mainstream evolutionary thinking translates into testable hypotheses for a productive research program.
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Joshi, N. V. "Mathematical evolutionary theory". Journal of Genetics 74, nr 1-2 (kwiecień 1995): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02924247.

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Smith, John Maynard. "Evolutionary game theory". Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 22, nr 1-3 (październik 1986): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2789(86)90232-0.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Evolutionary theory"

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Jiang, Ge. "Essays in evolutionary game theory". Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/16917/.

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This thesis contains three essays in evolutionary game theory. In the first chapter, we study the impact of switching costs on the long run outcome in 2X2 coordination games played in the circular city model of local interactions. We find that for low levels of switching costs, the risk dominant convention is the unique long run equilibrium. For intermediate levels of switching costs the set of long run equilibria contains the risk dominant convention but may also contain conventions that are not risk dominant. For high levels of switching costs also nonmonomorphic states will be included in the set of LRE. We study the impact of location heterogeneity on neighborhood segregation in the one-dimensional Schelling residential model in the second chapter. We model location heterogeneity by introducing an advantageous node, in which a player’s utility is impartial to the composition of her neighborhood. We find that when every player interacts with two neighbors, one advantageous node in the circular city will lead to a result that segregation is no longer the unique LRE. When players interact with more neighbors, more advantageous nodes are necessary to obtain the same result. In the third chapter, we consider a model of social coordination and network formation, where players of two groups play a 2X2 coordination game when connected. Players in one group actively decide on whom they play with and on the action in the game, while players in the other group decide on the action in the game only. We find that if either group’s population size is small in comparison to the linking restriction, all players will choose the risk dominant equilibrium, while when both groups are sufficiently large in population, the players of two groups will coordinate on the payoff dominant action.
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Ghachem, Montasser. "Essays in Evolutionary Game Theory". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-132433.

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Evolutionary game theory tries to explain the emergence of stable behaviors observed in human and animal societies. Prominent examples of such behaviors are cooperative and conformist behaviors. In the first part of the thesis, we develop a model of indirect reciprocity with institutional screening to study how institutions may promote cooperative behavior. We show that cooperation can emerge if screening institutions are sufficiently reliable at identifying cooperators. The second part presents a large-population learning model in which individuals update their beliefs through time. In the model, only one individual updates his beliefs each period. We show that a population, playing a game with two strategies, eventually learns to play a Nash equilibrium. We focus on coordination games and prove that a unique behavior arises both when players use myopic and perturbed best replies. The third part studies the payoff calculation in an evolutionary setting. By introducing mutual consent as a requirement for game play, we provide a more realistic alternative way to compute payoffs.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.

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Borghoff, Thomas. "Evolutionary theory of the globalisation of firms". Wiesbaden Gabler, 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2649426&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Tsakas, Elias. "Essays on epistemology and evolutionary game theory". Göteborg : Dept. of Economics, School of Economics and Commercial Law, Göteborg University, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016654920&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Wallace, Christopher Conor. "Evolutionary game theory in the social sciences". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322749.

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Baudisch, Annette. "Inevitable senescence? : contributions to evolutionary-demographic theory". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445312/.

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The main thrust of my dissertation is to understand whether and when senescence is an inherent characteristic of life. Hamilton (1966) claimed to have proven that "senescence is an inevitable outcome of evolution". One major result of my work is that no dogmatic statement can be made about the universality of senescence. By carefully studying Hamilton's paper on the moulding of senescence, I show that Hamilton did not prove that senescence "cannot be avoided by any conceivable organism". I have developed simple models that contribute general insights to evolution ary demographic theory. The models are designed to shed light on whether and when non-senescent life-history strategies could be optimal. All models show that senescence is not inevitable. Sustenance can be an optimal life-history strategy. The results of my size-based models suggest that species with the ca pability of continued growth after the onset of reproduction are candidates for non-senescence. The results of my vitality-based model suggest that the costs of growth and maintenance and, to an almost equal extent, the costs of reproduction are major determinants of the choice between senescence and sustenance. My dissertation can be viewed as a theoretical exploration of the inter-species diversity of aging, i.e., of how varied aging can be for different species and of what factors determine whether a species' strategy involves sustenance or senescence. My models suggest that a remarkable variety of patterns may be optimal under different circumstances. The limited empirical data available suggests that species may show a rich diversity of age-schedules of mortality, fertility and growth. This dissertation shows that senescence and sustenance are two complemen tary sides of the process of aging. One cannot be deeply understood without the other. The new, burning question that arises from my work is: In what kind of species does senescence evolve and in what kind of species is it sustenance that evolves?
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George, Jessica. "Deadly light : Machen, Lovecraft, and evolutionary theory". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/58289/.

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This thesis explores the relationship between evolutionary theory and the weird tale in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Through readings of works by two of the writers most closely associated with the form, Arthur Machen (1863-1947) and H.P. Lovecraft (1890-1937), it argues that the weird tale engages consciously, even obsessively, with evolutionary theory and with its implications for the nature and status of the "human". The introduction first explores the designation "weird tale", arguing that it is perhaps less useful as a genre classification than as a moment in the reception of an idea, one in which the possible necessity of recalibrating our concept of the real is raised. In the aftermath of evolutionary theory, such a moment gave rise to anxieties around the nature and future of the "human" that took their life from its distant past. It goes on to discuss some of the studies which have considered these anxieties in relation to the Victorian novel and the late-nineteenth-century Gothic, and to argue that a similar full-length study of the weird work of Machen and Lovecraft is overdue. The first chapter considers the figure of the pre-human survival in Machen's tale of lost races and pre-Christian religions, arguing that the figure of the fairy as pre-Celtic survival served as a focal point both for the anxieties surrounding humanity's animal origins and for an unacknowledged attraction to the primitive Other. The second chapter discusses the pervasiveness of degeneration theory at the fin de siècle, and the ways in which works by both Machen and Lovecraft make use of it to depict the backsliding of both the individual human subject and of wider society, raising the suggestion that the degenerate is always already present within the contemporary human. In the third chapter, portrayals by both authors of hybridity come under consideration. The chapter places these tales in their historical context, with reference to the cultural anxieties surrounding the decline of empire, the rise of anti-immigration sentiment in the United States, and the emergence of the eugenics movement, and argues that these fears become tied to notions about the fitness or otherwise to survive of a "human" associated with Anglo-Saxon whiteness. The fourth and final chapter discusses Lovecraft's portrayals of highly-advanced extraterrestrial civilisations, arguing that these stories partake of a Utopian impulse that nonetheless expresses itself via contemporary racist discourses, and that they both maintain the notion of a horrific primitive Other within the human and attempt to open up the possibility of a transhuman or posthuman future. The thesis concludes by considering these works in relation to the cyborg theory of Donna Haraway, suggesting that their portrayal of the necessity of inhabiting flux offers a new and less straightforwardly horrific way of thinking about human identity.
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Di, Nicola Alessandro. "Evolutionary theory and normative realism in epistemology". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cf5de343-77b1-461f-9940-eeba1dd8b76b.

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In this thesis I discuss one way in which evolutionary theory has been brought to bear on the evaluation of competing meta-normative views in epistemology. More specifically, I investigate whether normative realism in epistemology (epistemic realism) is compatible with the view that we are justified in holding many of the epistemic beliefs we hold, on the assumption that those beliefs can be explained in evolutionary terms. In Part I I discuss normativity in epistemology and meta-epistemology. I begin by drawing attention to the fact that there are very different ways of understanding which concepts in epistemology are normative and what their normativity consists in. I focus on the concept of an epistemic reason to illustrate this point. I then discuss, in some detail, how different interpretations of epistemic-normativity will affect the form which normative-realist views in epistemology can take. I conclude by drawing a taxonomy of epistemic-realist views which is mindful of the different interpretations of epistemic normativity which I distinguished. In Part II I turn to discuss the topic of Darwinian arguments against normative-realist views in epistemology. I begin by considering the form which Darwinian arguments have taken in recent metaethical literature. I argue that Darwinian arguments of a kind which is meant to raise a distinctively epistemological challenge for normative-realist views – I call those 'Darwinian-epistemological' arguments – represent a more interesting object of philosophical investigation than Darwinian arguments of a different 'metaphysical' kind. I then formulate a Darwinian-epistemological argument which targets normative-realist views in epistemology (DEA), explain how it works, and spend some time discussing its key premises. In Part III I engage with the Darwinian-epistemological challenge against realism about epistemic normativity that Sharon Street presents in her paper 'Evolution and the Normativity of Epistemic Reasons' (2009). I argue that Street’s epistemological challenge is best viewed as an instance of a Darwinian-epistemological argument of the kind I formulated (DEA). I then go on to reply to Street’s argument on behalf of the epistemic realist. I conclude that arguments with the form of DEA do not represent a serious threat for normative realist views in epistemology.
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Beauparlant, Marc A. "Evolutionary Game Theory and the Spread of Influenza". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35635.

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Vaccination has been used to control the spread of infectious diseases for centuries with widespread success. Deterministic models studying the spread of infectious disease often use the assumption of mass vaccination; however, these models do not allow for the inclusion of human behaviour. Since current vaccination campaigns are voluntary in nature, it is important to extend the study of infectious disease models to include the effects of human behaviour. To model the effects of vaccination behaviour on the spread of influenza, we examine a series of models in which individuals vaccinate according to memory or individual decision-making processes based upon self-interest. Allowing individuals to vaccinate proportionally to an exponentially decaying memory function of disease prevalence, we demonstrate the existence of a Hopf bifurcation for short memory spans. Using a game-theoretic influenza model, we determine that lowering the perceived vaccine risk may be insufficient to increase coverage to established target levels. Utilizing evolutionary game theory, we examine models with imitation dynamics both with and without a decaying memory function and show that, under certain conditions, periodic dynamics occur without seasonal forcing. Our results suggest that maintaining diseases at low prevalence with voluntary vaccination campaigns could lead to subsequent epidemics following the free-rider dilemma and that future research in disease control reliant on individual-based decision-making need to include the effects of human behaviour.
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Jackson, Edgar Basil. "The faith dynamic in creationism and evolutionary theory". Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9061.

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This study attempts to examine evolutionary theory and creationism objectively without engaging in an apology for or a criticism of either. It compares the presuppositions and assumptions of both systems, and examines the role of faith in religion and in the scientific theory of evolution. After discussing the nature of the scientific method and the development of the theory of evolution, the study explores the dichotomy of faith and reason, the ways in which these operate in theories of intelligent design and theistic evolution, and the question of whether scientific evolutionary theory can be considered to be a secular religion. The thesis argues that acceptance of the scientific theory of evolution is as dependent upon a faith commitment as is adherence to religion, though the type and quality of the two respective faith systems are very different and, therefore, worthy of comparison and contrast. The study concludes that, while science and evolutionary theory share many of the same features and characteristics of faith and presumption, it is presently not appropriate to claim that evolutionary theory is a secular religion, and that when this opinion is asserted it is worthwhile to analyze the motivation, conscious and unconscious, involved.
Thesis (PhD (Dogmatics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus in association with Greenwich School of Theology, U.K., 2013.
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Książki na temat "Evolutionary theory"

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Reid, Robert G. B. Evolutionary Theory. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9787-2.

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Beunen, Raoul, Kristof Van Assche i Martijn Duineveld, red. Evolutionary Governance Theory. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12274-8.

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van Assche, Kristof, Raoul Beunen i Martijn Duineveld. Evolutionary Governance Theory. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00984-1.

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Evolutionary game theory. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1995.

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W, Feldman Marcus, i Karlin Samuel 1923-, red. Mathematical evolutionary theory. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1989.

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Doerr, Benjamin, i Frank Neumann, red. Theory of Evolutionary Computation. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29414-4.

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1923-, Karlin Samuel, i Nevo Eviatar, red. Evolutionary processes and theory. Orlando: Academic Press, 1986.

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1923-, Karlin Samuel, i Nevo Eviatar, red. Evolutionary processes and theory. Orlando: Academic Press, 1986.

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Schmid, Michael, i Franz M. Wuketits, red. Evolutionary Theory in Social Science. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4005-5.

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Vannelli, Ron. Evolutionary Theory and Human Nature. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1545-6.

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Części książek na temat "Evolutionary theory"

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Fugère, Madeleine A., Jennifer P. Leszczynski i Alita J. Cousins. "Evolutionary Theory". W The Social Psychology of Attraction and Romantic Relationships, 58–82. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-32483-2_4.

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Mahner, Martin, i Mario Bunge. "Evolutionary Theory". W Foundations of Biophilosophy, 311–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03368-5_9.

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Snooks, Graeme Donald. "Evolutionary Theory". W Longrun Dynamics, 50–66. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230599390_4.

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Newman, Barbara M., i Philip R. Newman. "Evolutionary Theory". W Theories of Human Development, 27–72. Wyd. 3. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003014980-3.

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Reid, Robert G. B. "Evolutionary Epigenetics". W Evolutionary Theory, 248–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9787-2_14.

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Helbing, Dirk. "Evolutionary Game Theory Game theory!evolutionary|bb". W Quantitative Sociodynamics, 247–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11546-2_12.

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Reid, Robert G. B. "Difficulties on Theory". W Evolutionary Theory, 28–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9787-2_3.

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Maley, C. C. "Evolutionary Computation for Evolutionary Theory". W Natural Computing Series, 441–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18965-4_17.

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Reid, Robert G. B. "Introduction". W Evolutionary Theory, 1–11. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9787-2_1.

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Reid, Robert G. B. "The Shadow Paradigm". W Evolutionary Theory, 154–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9787-2_10.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Evolutionary theory"

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Brunetti, Ilaria, i Eitan Altman. "Revisiting evolutionary game theory". W 2013 IEEE 52nd Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2013.6760150.

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Tomassini, Marco. "Introduction to evolutionary game theory". W Proceeding of the fifteenth annual conference companion. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2464576.2480808.

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Wang, Li-Tien, i Peter J. Angeline. "Evolutionary algorithm in group theory". W AeroSense 2002, redaktorzy Kevin L. Priddy, Paul E. Keller i Peter J. Angeline. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.458719.

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Tomassini, Marco. "Introduction to evolutionary game theory". W GECCO '14: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2598394.2605363.

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Yilmaz, Huseyin. "Evolutionary theory of color perception". W Electronic Imaging '90, Santa Clara, 11-16 Feb'90, redaktor Michael H. Brill. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.19718.

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Post, Evert J. "Evolutionary view of Maxwell theory". W International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, redaktorzy Akhlesh Lakhtakia, Werner S. Weiglhofer i Russell F. Messier. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.390568.

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Doerr, Benjamin. "Session details: Track 15: theory". W GECCO09: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3257509.

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Doerr, Benjamin. "Session details: Track 15: theory". W GECCO09: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3257494.

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Sudholt, Dirk. "Theory of Swarm Intelligence". W GECCO '15: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2739482.2756570.

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Sudholt, Dirk. "Theory of swarm intelligence". W GECCO '14: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2598394.2605354.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Evolutionary theory"

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Chu, C. Y. Cyrus, Hung-Ken Chien i Ronald Lee. The Evolutionary Theory of Time Preferences and Intergenerational Transfers. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, lipiec 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14185.

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Balda, Taras. ISSUES OF PACIFISM AND MILITARISM OF LIBERATION STRUGGLE IN UKRAINIAN DIASPORA PUBLICATIONS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11390.

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Subject of the article’s study – journalism of Ukrainian diaspora publications on the topic of liberation struggle of Ukrainian nation. The author emphasizes on variations of such a struggle, in particular on traditions of militarism and pacifism. A lot of Ukrainians who lived outside of Ukraine, because of third wave of emigration, used to believe that the USA will start another world war, will deal with the USSR and in this way will help Ukraine become independent. Similar thoughts were fundamental thesis of so-called «liberation conception». Such theories and hopes were outlined in columns of such magazines as «Visti Combatanta», «Vyzvolnyi Shliakh». But another part of political emigrants, concentrated around OUN (w) and URDP, positions of which were represented in such publications as «Ukrainskyi samostiynyk» and «Nashi posytsii», problem of Ukrainian independence tried not to deceive to war between the USA and the USSR and considered nonviolent methods of government change. Similar thoughts had the authors of «Suchasnist» and «Lysty do Pryiateliv». Time and historical realities showed that were right those journalists who believed in evolutionary, not revolutionary, theory of state development. Ukraine was able to become independent peacefully after the USSR decay and creation of sovereign states. Among this, modern Ukrainian society still lacks respect to Ukrainian army, nurturing of traditions of military valor, honor and justice, to which even diaspora journalists paid attention in the previous century.
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Tyler, Brett M., Sucheta Tripathi, Andrea Aerts, Douda Bensasson, Paramvir Dehal, Inna Dubchak, Matteo Garbelotto i in. Genome sequences of two Phytophthora species responsible for Sudden Oak Death and Soybean Root Rot provide novel insights into their evolutionary origins and mechanisms of pathogenesis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/960400.

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Kistler, Harold Corby, i Talma Katan. Identification of DNA Unique to the Tomato Fusarium Wilt and Crown Rot Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, wrzesień 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7571359.bard.

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Wilt and crown rot are two important diseases of tomato caused by different strains ("formae speciales") of the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. While both pathogens are members of the same fungal species, each differs genetically and resistance to the diseases is controlled by different genes in the plant. Additionally, the formae speciales differ in their ecology (e.g. optimal temperature of disease development) and epidemiology. Nevertheless, the distinction between these diseases based on symptoms alone may be unclear due to overlapping symptomatology. We have found in our research that the ambiguity of the pathogens is further confounded because strains causing tomato wilt or crown rot each may belong to several genetically and phylogenetically distinct lineages of F. oxysporum. Furthermore, individual lineages of the pathogen causing wilt or crown rot may themselves be very closely related. The diseases share the characteristic that the pathogen's inoculum may be aerially dispersed. This work has revealed a complex evolutionary relationship among lineages of the pathogens that makes development of molecular diagnostic methods more difficult than originally anticipated. However, the degree of diversity found in these soil-borne pathogens has allowed study of their population genetics and patterns of dispersal in agricultural settings.
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Clement, Timothy, i Brett Vaughan. Evaluation of a mobile learning platform for clinical supervision. University of Melbourne, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/124369.

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Context: This report details a formative evaluation of the Clinical Supervision Online (CSO) course, a fee-paying, fully online ‘light touch’ program of study for clinical supervisors offered by the Melbourne Medical School, which was developed in conjunction with the University’s Mobile Learning Unit. The course requires between six to ten hours of self-directed study and is designed for any clinicians who teach. Methods: Evaluation of the course was guided by Rossi, Lipsey and Freeman’s (2004) approach to program evaluation, addressing the need for the course, its design, implementation, impact, and return on investment. Data were collected through interviews with key informants, document analysis, an embedded student survey, learning analytics data, financial data, and an audit against ‘best practice’ standards for online course design. Findings: The findings suggest that course development was driven by both a financial imperative and genuine concern to meet training needs of clinical supervisors. Two hundred and four students enrolled on the course in its first 18 months. This has been enough to cover its developmental costs. In relation to 64 quality standards for online course design, the level of performance was rated as ‘meets’ for 44 items; ‘exceeds’ for one item; ‘developing for 13 items’; and, ‘non-existent’ for six items. An additional 33 items were identified as ‘not applicable’ for the ‘light touch’ course design. Significance: From a learning design perspective there is much to like about the CSO course and the outcome of assessing it against the standards for ‘best practice’ online course design suggests that an evolutionary approach - making incremental changes - could improve the course whilst retaining its existing ‘light touch’ format. The CSO course on its own is unlikely to realise the depth of achievement implied in the course aims and learning outcomes. The CSO course may best be seen as an entrée into the art of clinical supervision.
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Chejanovsky, Nor, i Suzanne M. Thiem. Isolation of Baculoviruses with Expanded Spectrum of Action against Lepidopteran Pests. United States Department of Agriculture, grudzień 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7586457.bard.

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Our long-term goal is to learn to control (expand and restrict) the host range of baculoviruses. In this project our aim was to expand the host range of the prototype baculovirus Autographa cali/arnica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) towards American and Israeli pests. To achieve this objective we studied AcMNPV infection in the non-permissive hosts L. dispar and s. littoralis (Ld652Y and SL2 cells, respectively) as a model system and the major barriers to viral replication. We isolated recombinant baculoviruses with expanded infectivity towards L. dispar and S. littoralis and tested their infectivity towards other Lepidopteran pests. The restricted host range displayed by baculoviruses constitutes an obstacle to their further implementation in the control of diverse Lepidopteran pests, increasing the development costs. Our work points out that cellular defenses are major role blocks to AcMNPV replication in non- and semi-permissive hosts. Therefore a major determinant ofbaculovirus host range is the ability of the virus to effectively counter cellular defenses of host cells. This is exemplified by our findings showing tliat expressing the viral gene Ldhrf-l overcomes global translation arrest in AcMNPV -infected Ld652Y cells. Our data suggests that Ld652Y cells have two anti-viral defense pathways, because they are subject to global translation arrest when infected with AcMNPV carrying a baculovirus apoptotic suppressor (e.g., wild type AcMNPV carryingp35, or recombinant AcMNPV carrying Opiap, Cpiap. or p49 genes) but apoptose when infected with AcMNPV-Iacking a functional apoptotic suppressor. We have yet to elucidate how hrf-l precludes the translation arrest mechanism(s) in AcMNPV-infected Ld652Y cells. Ribosomal profiles of AcMNPV infected Ld652Y cells suggested that translation initiation is a major control point, but we were unable to rule-out a contribution from a block in translation elongation. Phosphorylation of eIF-2a did not appear to playa role in AcMNPV -induced translation arrest. Mutagenesis studies ofhrf-l suggest that a highly acidic domain plays a role in precluding translation arrest. Our findings indicate that translation arrest may be linked to apoptosis either through common sensors of virus infection or as a consequence of late events in the virus life-cycle that occur only if apoptosis is suppressed. ~ AcMNPV replicates poorly in SL2 cells and induces apoptosis. Our studies in AcMNPV - infected SL2ceils led us to conclude that the steady-state levels of lEI (product of the iel gene, major AcMNPV -transactivator and multifunctional protein) relative to those of the immediate early viral protein lEO, playa critical role in regulating the viral infection. By increasing the IEl\IEO ratio we achieved AcMNPV replication in S. littoralis and we were able to isolate recombinant AcMNPV s that replicated efficiently in S. lifforalis cells and larvae. Our data that indicated that AcMNPV - infection may be regulated by an interaction between IE 1 and lED (of previously unknown function). Indeed, we showed that IE 1 associates with lED by using protein "pull down" and immunoprecipitation approaches High steady state levels of "functional" IE 1 resulted in increased expression of the apoptosis suppressor p35 facilitating AcMNPV -replication in SL2 cells. Finally, we determined that lED accelerates the viral infection in AcMNPV -permissive cells. Our results show that expressing viral genes that are able to overcome the insect-pest defense system enable to expand baculovirus host range. Scientifically, this project highlights the need to further study the anti-viral defenses of invertebrates not only to maximi~e the possibilities for manipulating baculovirus genomes, but to better understand the evolutionary underpinnings of the immune systems of vertebrates towards virus infection.
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Rafaeli, Ada, i Russell Jurenka. Molecular Characterization of PBAN G-protein Coupled Receptors in Moth Pest Species: Design of Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, grudzień 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593390.bard.

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The proposed research was directed at determining the activation/binding domains and gene regulation of the PBAN-R’s thereby providing information for the design and screening of potential PBAN-R-blockers and to indicate possible ways of preventing the process from proceeding to its completion. Our specific aims included: (1) The identification of the PBAN-R binding domain by a combination of: (a) in silico modeling studies for identifying specific amino-acid side chains that are likely to be involved in binding PBAN with the receptor and; (b) bioassays to verify the modeling studies using mutant receptors, cell lines and pheromone glands (at tissue and organism levels) against selected, designed compounds to confirm if compounds are agonists or antagonists. (2) The elucidation ofthemolecular regulationmechanisms of PBAN-R by:(a) age-dependence of gene expression; (b) the effect of hormones and; (c) PBAN-R characterization in male hair-pencil complexes. Background to the topic Insects have several closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belonging to the pyrokinin/PBAN family, one with the ligand pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide or pyrokinin-2 and another with diapause hormone or pyrokinin-1 as a ligand. We were unable to identify the diapause hormone receptor from Helicoverpa zea despite considerable effort. A third, related receptor is activated by a product of the capa gene, periviscerokinins. The pyrokinin/PBAN family of GPCRs and their ligands has been identified in various insects, such as Drosophila, several moth species, mosquitoes, Triboliumcastaneum, Apis mellifera, Nasoniavitripennis, and Acyrthosiphon pisum. Physiological functions of pyrokinin peptides include muscle contraction, whereas PBAN regulates pheromone production in moths plus other functions indicating the pleiotropic nature of these ligands. Based on the alignment of annotated genomic sequences, the primary and secondary structures of the pyrokinin/PBAN family of receptors have similarity with the corresponding structures of the capa or periviscerokinin receptors of insects and the neuromedin U receptors found in vertebrates. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements Evolutionary trace analysisof receptor extracellular domains exhibited several class-specific amino acid residues, which could indicate putative domains for activation of these receptors by ligand recognition and binding. Through site-directed point mutations, the 3rd extracellular domain of PBAN-R was shown to be critical for ligand selection. We identified three receptors that belong to the PBAN family of GPCRs and a partial sequence for the periviscerokinin receptor from the European corn borer, Ostrinianubilalis. Functional expression studies confirmed that only the C-variant of the PBAN-R is active. We identified a non-peptide agonist that will activate the PBAN-receptor from H. zea. We determined that there is transcriptional control of the PBAN-R in two moth species during the development of the pupa to adult, and we demonstrated that this transcriptional regulation is independent of juvenile hormone biosynthesis. This transcriptional control also occurs in male hair-pencil gland complexes of both moth species indicating a regulatory role for PBAN in males. Ultimate confirmation for PBAN's function in the male tissue was revealed through knockdown of the PBAN-R using RNAi-mediated gene-silencing. Implications, both scientific and agricultural The identification of a non-peptide agonist can be exploited in the future for the design of additional compounds that will activate the receptor and to elucidate the binding properties of this receptor. The increase in expression levels of the PBAN-R transcript was delineated to occur at a critical period of 5 hours post-eclosion and its regulation can now be studied. The mysterious role of PBAN in the males was elucidated by using a combination of physiological, biochemical and molecular genetics techniques.
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Tel-Zur, Neomi, i Jeffrey J. Doyle. Role of Polyploidy in Vine Cacti Speciation and Crop Domestication. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697110.bard.

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1. Abstract: Over the past 25 years, vine cacti of the genera Hylocereus and Selenicereus have been introduced into Israel and southern California as new exotic fruit crops. The importance of these crops lies in their high water use efficiency and horticultural potential as exotic fruit crops. Our collaboration focused on the cytological, molecular and evolutionary aspects of vine cacti polyploidization to confront the agricultural challenge of genetic improvement, ultimately to improve success of vine cacti as commercial fruit crop plants. More specifically, we worked on the: 1- Identification of the putative ancestor(s) of the tetraploid H. megalanthus; 2- Determination of the number of origins of H. megalanthus (single vs. multiple origins of polyploidy); 3- Cytogenetic analysis of BC1 and F1 hybrids; 4- Determination of important agricultural traits and the selection of superior hybrids for cultivation. The plant material used in this study comprised interspecific Hylocereus F1 and first backcross (BC1) hybrids, nine Hylocereus species (58 genotypes), nine Selenicereus species (14 genotypes), and four Epiphyllum genotypes. Two BC1 hexaploids (BC-023 and BC-031) were obtained, a high ploidy level that can be explained only by a fertilization event between one unreduced female gamete from the triploid hybrid and a balanced gamete from the pollen donor, the diploid H. monacanthus. These findings are scientific evidence that support the possibility that “hybridization followed by chromosome doubling” could also occur in nature. Cytomixis, the migration of chromatin between adjacent cells through connecting cytoplasmatic channels, was observed in vine cacti hybrids and may thus imply selective DNA elimination in response to the allopolyploidization process. Evidence from plastid and nrDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences support the placement of H. megalanthus within a monophyletic Hylocereus group. Furthermore, both plastid and ITS datasets are most consistent with a conclusion that this tetraploid species is an autopolyploid, despite observations that the species appears to be morphologically intermediate between Hylocereus and Selenicereus. Although the possibility of very narrow allopolyploidly (i.e., derivation from parents that are barely diverged from each other such as closely related species in the same genus) cannot be ruled out entirely based on our data (in part due to the unavailability of Hylocereus species considered to be morphologically the closest relatives of H. megalanthus), the possibility of H. megalanthus representing an intergeneric cross (i.e., Hylocereus × Selenicereus) seems extremely unlikely. Interestingly, the process of homogenization of ITS sequences (concerted evolution) is either incomplete or lacking in both Hylocereus and Selenicereus, and the inclusion of several artificial hybrids in the molecular study revealed the potential for biparental plastid inheritance in Hylocereus. The most important agricultural implication of this research project was the information collected for F1 and BC1 hybrids. Specifically, this project concluded with the selection of four superior hybrids in terms of fruit quality and potential yields under extreme high temperatures. These selected hybrids are self-compatible, avoiding the need for hand cross pollination to set fruits, thus reducing manpower costs. We recently offered these hybrids to growers in Israel for prioritized rapid evaluation and characterization.
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Eyal, Yoram, i Sheila McCormick. Molecular Mechanisms of Pollen-Pistil Interactions in Interspecific Crossing Barriers in the Tomato Family. United States Department of Agriculture, maj 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573076.bard.

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During the evolutionary process of speciation in plants, naturally occurring barriers to reproduction have developed that affect the transfer of genes within and between related species. These barriers can occur at several different levels beginning with pollination-barriers and ending with hybrid-breakdown. The interaction between pollen and pistils presents one of the major barriers to intra- and inter-specific crosses and is the focus of this research project. Our long-term goal in this research proposal was defined to resolve questions on recognition and communication during pollen-pistil interactions in the extended tomato family. In this context, this work was initiated and planned to study the potential involvement of tomato pollen-specific receptor-like kinases (RLK's) in the interaction between pollen and pistils. By special permission from BARD the objectives of this research were extended to include studies on pollen-pistil interactions and pollination barriers in horticultural crops with an emphasis on citrus. Functional characterization of 2 pollen-specific RLK's from tomato was carried out. The data shows that both encode functional kinases that were active as recombinant proteins. One of the kinases was shown to accumulate mainly after pollen germination and to be phosphorylated in-vitro in pollen membranes as well as in-vivo. The presence of style extract resulted in dephosphorylation of the RLK, although no species specificity was observed. This data implies a role for at least one RLK in pollination events following pollen germination. However, a transgenic plant analysis of the RLK's comprising overexpression, dominant-negative and anti-sense constructs failed to provide answers on their role in pollination. While genetic effects on some of the plants were observed in both the Israeli and American labs, no clear functional answers were obtained. An alternative approach to addressing function was pursued by screening for an artificial ligand for the receptor domain using a peptide phage display library. An enriched peptide sequence was obtained and will be used to design a peptide-ligand to be tested for its effect o pollen germination and tube growth. Self-incompatibility (SI) in citrus was studied on 3 varieties of pummelo. SI was observed using fluorescence microscopy in each of the 3 varieties and compatibility relations between varieties was determined. An initial screen for an S-RNase SI mechanism yielded only a cDNA homologous to the group of S-like RNases, suggesting that SI results from an as yet unknown mechanism. 2D gel electrophoresis was applied to compare pollen and style profiles of different compatibility groups. A "polymorphic" protein band from style extracts was observed, isolated and micro-sequenced. Degenerate primers designed based on the peptide sequence date will be used to isolate the relevant genes i order to study their potential involvement in SI. A study on SI in the apple cultivar Top red was initiated. SI was found, as previously shown, to be complete thus requiring a compatible pollinator variety. A new S-RNase allele was discovered fro Top red styles and was found to be highly homologous to pear S-RNases, suggesting that evolution of these genes pre-dated speciation into apples and pears but not to other Rosaceae species. The new allele provides molecular-genetic tools to determine potential pollinators for the variety Top red as well as a tool to break-down SI in this important variety.
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Shpigel, Nahum Y., Ynte Schukken i Ilan Rosenshine. Identification of genes involved in virulence of Escherichia coli mastitis by signature tagged mutagenesis. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699853.bard.

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Mastitis, an inflammatory response of the mammary tissue to invading pathogenic bacteria, is the largest health problem in the dairy industry and is responsible for multibillion dollar economic losses. E. coli are a leading cause of acute mastitis in dairy animals worldwide and certainly in Israel and North America. The species E. coli comprises a highly heterogeneous group of pathogens, some of which are commensal residents of the gut, infecting the mammary gland after contamination of the teat skin from the environment. As compared to other gut microflora, mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) may have undergone evolutionary adaptations that improve their fitness for colonization of the unique and varied environmental niches found within the mammary gland. These niches include competing microbes already present or accompanying the new colonizer, soluble and cellular antimicrobials in milk, and the innate immune response elicited by mammary cells and recruited immune cells. However, to date, no specific virulence factors have been identified in E. coli isolates associated with mastitis. The original overall research objective of this application was to develop a genome-wide, transposon-tagged mutant collection of MPEC strain P4 and to use this technology to identify E. coli genes that are specifically involved in mammary virulence and pathogenicity. In the course of the project we decided to take an alternative genome-wide approach and to use whole genomes bioinformatics analysis. Using genome sequencing and analysis of six MPEC strains, our studies have shown that type VI secretion system (T6SS) gene clusters were present in all these strains. Furthermore, using unbiased screening of MPEC strains for reduced colonization, fitness and virulence in the murine mastitis model, we have identified in MPEC P4-NR a new pathogenicity island (PAI-1) encoding the core components of T6SS and its hallmark effectors Hcp, VgrG and Rhs. Next, we have shown that specific deletions of T6SS genes reduced colonization, fitness and virulence in lactating mouse mammary glands. Our long-term goal is to understand the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions in the mammary gland and to relate these mechanisms to disease processes and pathogenesis. We have been able to achieve our research objectives to identify E. coli genes that are specifically involved in mammary virulence and pathogenicity. The project elucidated a new basic concept in host pathogen interaction of MPEC, which for the best of our knowledge was never described or investigated before. This research will help us to shed new light on principles behind the infection strategy of MPEC. The new targets now enable prevalence and epidemiology studies of T6SS in field strains of MPEC which might unveil new geographic, management and ecological risk factors. These will contribute to development of new approaches to treat and prevent mastitis by MPEC and perhaps other mammary pathogens. The use of antibiotics in farm animals and specifically to treat mastitis is gradually precluded and thus new treatment and prevention strategies are needed. Effective mastitis vaccines are currently not available, structural components and effectors of T6SS might be new targets for the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics.
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