Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Evolutionary biology”
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Renzi, Barbara Gabriella. "Scientific methodology and evolutionary biology". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486191.
Pełny tekst źródłaSmith, A. B. "Echinoderm phylogeny and evolutionary biology". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.662084.
Pełny tekst źródłaPaley, Christopher John. "Network methods in evolutionary biology". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611209.
Pełny tekst źródłaOrozco, Pardo Clara Inés. "Evolutionary biology of Brunellia (Brunelliaceae, Oxalidales)". Amsterdam : Amsterdam : Universiteit van Amsterdam ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2001. http://dare.uva.nl/document/84925.
Pełny tekst źródłaOmslagtitel: Brunellia : evolutionary biology of Brunellia Ruiz & Pavón (Brunelliaceae, Oxalidales) Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands en Spaans.
Smith, Andrew B. "Phylogeny and evolutionary biology of echinoderms". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11410.
Pełny tekst źródłaHudson, Corey M. "Informatic approaches to evolutionary systems biology". Thesis, University of Missouri - Columbia, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3577951.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe sheer complexity of evolutionary systems biology requires us to develop more sophisticated tools for analysis, as well as more probing and biologically relevant representations of the data. My research has focused on three aspects of evolutionary systems biology. I ask whether a gene’s position in the human metabolic network affects the degree to which natural selection prunes variation in that gene. Using a novel orthology inference tool that uses both sequence similarity and gene synteny, I inferred orthologous groups of genes for the full genomes of 8 mammals. With these orthologs, I estimated the selective constraint (the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitutions) on 1190 (or 80.2%) of the genes in the metabolic network using a maximum likelihood model of codon evolution and compared this value to the betweenness centrality of each enzyme (a measure of that enzyme’s relative global position in the network). Second, I have focused on the evolution of metabolic systems in the presence of gene and genome duplication. I show that increases in a particular gene’s copy number are correlated with limiting metabolic flux in the reaction associated with that gene. Finally, I have investigated the proliferative cell programs present in 6 different cancers (breast, colorectal, gastrointestinal, lung, oral squamous and prostate cancers). I found an overabundance of genes that share expression between cancer and embryonic tissue and that these genes form modular units within regulatory, proteininteraction, and metabolic networks. This despite the fact that these genes, as well as the proteins they encode and reactions they catalyze show little overlap among cancers, suggesting parallel independent reversion to an embryonic pattern of gene expression.
Mishra, Prashant Kumar. "Genomics and evolutionary biology of Fusarium culmorum". Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436617.
Pełny tekst źródłaParry, Steven James. "The booted eagles : perspectives in evolutionary biology". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289873.
Pełny tekst źródłaFourie, Gerda. "Evolutionary biology of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29586.
Pełny tekst źródłaDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Microbiology and Plant Pathology
unrestricted
Bouckaert, Hugo. "The meanings of fitness in evolutionary biology". Thesis, Bouckaert, Hugo (1995) The meanings of fitness in evolutionary biology. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1995. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51729/.
Pełny tekst źródłaRäsänen, Katja. "Evolutionary implications of acidification: a frog’s eye view". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Population Biology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2873.
Pełny tekst źródłaUnderstanding the diversity of life is one of the main aims of evolutionary biology, and requires knowledge of the occurrence and causes of adaptive genetic differentiation among geographically distinct populations. Environmental stress caused by acidity may cause strong directional selection in natural populations, but is little explored from an evolutionary perspective. In this thesis, a series of laboratory experiments and field data was used to study evolutionary and ecological responses of amphibians to environmental acidity.
Local adaptation to acid stress was studied in the moor frog (Rana arvalis).The results show that acid origin populations have higher acid stress tolerance during the embryonic stages than neutral origin populations, and that acid and neutral origin populations have diverged in embryonic and larval life-histories. The mechanisms underlying adaptive differentiation are partially mediated by maternal effects related to extra-embryonic membranes and egg size. Acid origin females invest in larger eggs and have a stronger egg size-fecundity trade-off than females from neutral areas, likely reflecting adaptive differentiation in maternal investment patterns.
Potential carry-over effects of low pH, and the effects of UV-b/pH interaction were investigated in the common frog (R. temporaria). The results suggest that amphibian larvae are able to compensate for the negative effects of acidity experienced early in life, if conditions later turn beneficial. R. temporaria populations differed in their sensitivity to synergistic effects of low pH/UV-B, indicating variation in population responses to environmental stress.
In conclusion, these results suggest rapid evolution in response to human induced environmental change, much of which may be mediated via adaptive maternal effects. Acidification may be a powerful selective force shaping life-history evolution.
Flynn, Timothy M. "Evolutionary biology of the Armillaria mellea species complex". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40131.
Pełny tekst źródłaPh. D.
Xu, Yiyang. "Topics in population genetics and mathematical evolutionary biology". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682366.
Pełny tekst źródłaCha, Sang-Ho. "Evolutionary biology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus". [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaBrown, Richard Francis. "Investigating the evolutionary origins and cell biology of Negativicutes". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/89493/.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoltis, Douglas, Victor Albert, Jim Leebens-Mack, Jeffrey Palmer, Rod Wing, Claude dePamphilis, Hong Ma i in. "The Amborella genome: an evolutionary reference for plant biology". BioMed Central, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610147.
Pełny tekst źródłaKrosch, Matthew Neil. "Evolutionary biology of Gondwanan non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae)". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/41749/1/Matthew_Krosch_Thesis.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMutton, Thomas Y. "Evolutionary biology of the Australian carnivorous marsupial genus Antechinus". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/104321/6/Thomas_Mutton_Thesis.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaRuiz-Guajardo, Juan Carlos. "Community plant-pollinator interactions in a Kenyan savannah". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3133.
Pełny tekst źródłaGregg, Tamara. "Predator-prey ecological and evolutionary dynamics: The cost of a counter-defense drives the evolutionary outcome". Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103650.
Pełny tekst źródłaDans cette thèse, j'explore les dynamiques évolutives de défense et contre-défense dans un système de prédateurs et proies. Je fais l'hypothèse que les coûts associés aux traits de défense et contre-défense ont pour conséquence des cycles évolutifs de ces traits dans tous les environnements : la sélection directionnelle fluctue pour augmenter et diminuer les valeurs de traits (défense de la proie et contre-défense du prédateur). En utilisant Taricha granulosa et Thamnophis sirtalis comme exemple de système des prédateurs-proies, j'ai modélisé leur dynamiques écologiques et évolutives et j'ai étudié le système de façon analytique et par des simulations. Le coût des contre-défenses est le facteur le plus important pour déterminer les dynamiques évolutives : des valeurs fortes ou faibles du coût stabilisent les dynamiques évolutives sur des phénotypes constants; des valeurs intermédiaires du coût déstabilisent l'équilibre en engendrant des cycles ou de la diversification. Contrairement à mon hypothèse de départ, le système de prédateurs et proies ne produit pas de cycle évolutif pour la plupart des valeurs de paramètres. Mon étude montre que les interactions entre les prédateurs et les proies dangereuses sont toujours surtout influencées par les paramètres du prédateur.
Poetter, Karl. "Molecular population and evolutionary genetics of Rickettsiae /". The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148767034687517.
Pełny tekst źródłaZhao, Shijie Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Evolutionary dynamics of the human gut microbiome". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122423.
Pełny tekst źródłaCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 156-168).
The composite members of the human gut microbiome encounter a myriad of selective pressures from the host environment and other microbial members in the ecosystem. Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of microbial species in the gut microbiome requires sequencing information that differentiates strains and even single cells. In this thesis, I present efforts that investigate the evolution of bacterial strains in their complex natural environments. In the first project, I discover that a commensal species, Bacteroides fragilis, undergoes within-person adaptive evolution in the absence of antibiotics. Combining culture-based whole genome sequencing with metagenomes, I uncover genes important to B. fragilis survival in the human gut microbiome and describe evolutionary dynamics within individuals and across populations. In the second project, I developed a strain-tracking method that predicts personal microbiomes. Using this method to track closely-related strains, I discover signals of adaptive evolution for Bacteroidetes strains, potentially over decades of colonization in adult twins. In the final project, this strain-tracking method is applied to advance the analysis of microbial transmission within social networks of Fiji islanders. These projects demonstrate the power of genome-resolved and strain-resolved methods in revealing insights of evolutionary dynamics of the gut microbiome. Future studies are expected to further investigate other taxonomical groups in depth and technical breakthroughs are needed to improve the throughput of evolutionary studies of complex systems like the gut microbiome.
by Shijie Zhao.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology
Tegeder, Roland W. "Large deviations, Hamiltonian techniques and applications in biology". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308322.
Pełny tekst źródłaMark, Charlotta. "Three Subfamilies of KRAB Zinc Finger Proteins : A Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Analysis". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3512.
Pełny tekst źródłaKrüppel-related zinc finger proteins constitute the largest single class of transcription factors within the human genome. Members of this protein family have the ability to either activate or repress transcription depending on the presence of specific activator or repressor domains within the protein. Approximately one third of the Krüppel-related zinc finger proteins contain an evolutionarily well-conserved repressor domain termed the KRAB domain. This domain acts as a potent repressor of transcription by interacting with the co-repressor protein, TIF1β. TIF1β then, in turn, recruits HP1 proteins, HDACs and probably other proteins involved in gene silencing. In order to identify novel KRAB-containing zinc finger proteins, one mouse monocytic cDNA library and two testis cDNA libraries were screened for novel members of this multigene family. Six novel KRAB-ZNF cDNAs, four mouse and two human, were isolated. The corresponding proteins were all shown to contain N-terminally located KRAB domains as well as varying numbers of C-terminally located zinc finger motifs. An extensive comparative sequence analysis of the KRAB domains of these proteins together with KRAB domains from a large number of previously identified KRAB-ZNF proteins resulted in a clear subdivision into three different subfamilies, A+B, A+b and A. Later, we also isolated a fourth KRAB box, which is present downstream of the KRAB A box in a few proteins of the KRAB A family. This module was named KRAB C. Potential functional differences between these different subfamilies were investigated. In line with previous observations, the KRAB A box was shown to repress transcription, an activity which was enhanced by the presence of the KRAB B box. However, addition of neither the KRAB b box nor the KRAB C box had any effect on repression. Moreover, all KRAB A motifs had the ability to bind TIF1β, and this binding was increased both by the presence of the KRAB B box and by the KRAB C box. The KRAB b box, however, did not seem to contribute to TIF1β-binding. One of the novel human cDNAs, HKr19, was found to be a member of the large ZNF91 family of KRAB zinc finger genes. Interestingly, the expression of HKr19 and a number of other closely related genes were restricted to lymphoid cells, indicating that these genes may be involved in regulating lineage commitment. The effect of HKr19 on cell viability was investigated by transfection into human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293). The results indicated that HKr19, or its zinc finger domain in isolation, were toxic to these cells when expressed at high levels. The MZF6D protein, on the other hand, showed a testis-specific expression. In situ hybridization analysis located this expression to meiotic germ cells, suggesting a role for this protein in spermatogenesis. Further, the evolutionary perspectives of this large gene family were addressed, and its enormous expansion throughout evolution probably includes numerous duplication events. The results from two extensive sequence analyses give clues to how the repetitive nature of the ZNF motif has given rise to both internal duplications of single motifs as well as duplications of entire genes resulting in gene clusters.
Dias, Fernandes Lucas. "From micro to macro : spatial models in molecular and evolutionary biology". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=229716.
Pełny tekst źródłaRacovski, T. "Evolutionary novelty : a philosophical and historical investigation". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/35377.
Pełny tekst źródłaAydin, Aysun. "A Different Approach To Evolutionary Ethics: From Biology To Society". Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609245/index.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłais-ought&rdquo
problem which refers to the question as to whether moral propositions can be inferred from factual statements. In order to overcome this problem I suggest a different reading of the notion of altruism namely &ldquo
altruistic behavior practice&rdquo
that refers to norms, habits and repeated actions that provide the sustainability of society. The notion of altruistic behavior practice is presented and evaluated with the help of Alasdair MacIntyre&rsquo
s and John Dewey&rsquo
s moral philosophy. The moral views of these two philosophers are based on human practices and habitual formations in society. In this respect, evolutionary ethics and the notion of altruism are re-established on the basis of human practices and habitual modes of socialization.
Cassens, Insa. "Molecular evolutionary biology of cetaceans :phylogeny, phylogeography and conservation genetics". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211152.
Pełny tekst źródłaEggleton, Paul. "The phylogeny and evolutionary biology of the Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47421.
Pełny tekst źródłaCushing, Matthew K. "Between Biology and Sociality: An Evolutionary Perspective on Linguistic Modularity". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1396601796.
Pełny tekst źródłaMongin, Emmanuel. "An evolutionary approach to long-range regulation". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92333.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis focuses on three different aspects of long-range regulation: i/ First we develop a method that predicts regions particularly prone to the fixation of evolutionary breakpoints. We discuss the results obtained in the context of long-range regulation and show that this type of regulation is a major factor shaping vertebrate genomes in evolution. ii/ The second project aims at predicting functional interactions between regulatory regions and target genes based on the observation of evolutionary rearrangements in various vertebrate species. We show how this approach produces a biologically meaningful prediction dataset that will be useful to researchers working on regulation. iii/ Third, we focus on the in vivo characterization of regulatory regions. We present a powerful and reliable enhancer detection pipeline composed of an in silico approach to predict putative enhancers and an in vivo method to functionally characterize the expression specificity of predicted regions in the developing medaka fish.
The results presented in this thesis contribute to different areas of research such as a better understanding of evolutionary dynamics related to evolutionary rearrangements and to a better in silico and in vivo characterization of cis-regulatory regions.
La régulation longue distance a d'importantes fonctions dans la régulation de la transcription et est particulièrement impliquée dans la régulation spatiale et temporelle des gènes cibles. Ces régions ont des caractèristiques spécifiques telles que la capacité de contrôler different gènes à des distances jusqu'a 1Mb du site d'initiation de la transcription. La prédiction et la caractérisation fonctionelle de ces regions restent un problème d'actualité. Des approches évolutionaires ont été d´eveloppées pour détecter les régions sous pression de sélection. En revanche, peu a été fait en rapport avec l'impact de la régulation de longue distance sur l'évolution du génome.
Cette thèse se concentre sur trois differents aspects de la régulation longue distance: i/ Premièrement, nous developpons une méthode de prédiction des regions particulièrement sujettes à la fixation des réarrangements de l'évolution. Nous étudions les résultats obtenus dans le contexte de la régulation longue distance et nous montrons que ce type de régulation est un composant majeur dans le façonnement du génome au cours de l'évolution. ii/ Le second projet à pour but de prédire les interactions fonctionnelles entre les régions de régulation et leur gènes cible à partir de l'observation de réarrangements de l'évolution dans differentes espèces. Nous montrons comment une telle approche produit des resultants biologiquement significatifs qui seront particulièrement utiles aux chercheurs travaillant dans le domaine de la régulation. iii/ Troisièmement, nous nous concentrons sur la caractérisation fonctionnelle in vivo des regions régulatrices. Nous présentons une méthode fiable de détection des enhancers composée d'une approche informatique pour la prédiction de ces régions et d'une approche biologique pour caractériser fonctionnellement les spécificités d'expression de ces régions dans le poisson medaka.
Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse contribuent à une meilleure comprehension des dynamiques d'évolution en relation avec la régulation longue distance et une meilleure prédiction et caractérisation fonctionnelle de ces régions régulatrices.
Osmond, Matthew. "Eco-evolutionary rescue: an adaptive dynamic analysis". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107917.
Pełny tekst źródłaLes populations exposées à des environnements changeants déclinent souvent en abondance et peuvent ainsi être confrontées à un risque d'extinction. Des abondances suffisantes peuvent être retrouvées, ainsi qu'une persistance durable, quand les populations peuvent s'adapter suffisamment vite. Dans cette étude, je me demande comment les facteurs des populations et de l'environnement déterminent la capacité des populations à persister dans des environnements changeants grâce à une adaptation génétique. Dans le chapitre 2, j'étudie la réponse à un changement graduel et directionnel de l'environnement, et dans le chapitre 3, j'étudie la réponse à un changement soudain et soutenu. Le chapitre 3 discute également les effets de la compétition interspécifique. Dans les deux chapitres, j'utilise l'équation canonique des dynamiques adaptatives, ce qui me permet d'en dériver des expressions analytiques ainsi que d'y inclure des processus écologiques négligés dans les théories précédentes; en particulier, je considère la croissance logistique des populations, la compétition intraspécifique fréquence-dépendante, et la compétition interspécifique. J'utilise des simulations informatiques pour examiner l'exactitude de mes résultats analytiques lorsque les hypothèses simplificatrices des dynamiques sont relâchées. Le chapitre 2 dérive le retard de trait, ce qui maximise le taux d'évolution, et aussi calcule ce maximum. Les populations avec le plus grand apport de mutation rencontrant une sélection plus forte ont la capacité de s'adapter plus vite. Les simulations informatiques montrent que le taux maximal d'évolution est un bon prédicteur de l'extinction pour une large gamme de valeur de paramètres, incluant ceux qui dévient des hypothèses de dynamiques adaptatives. Le chapitre 3 dérive, tout d'abord, une expression pour la valeur de trait de population au cours du temps et, ensuite, utilise cette expression pour calculer le temps durant lequel une population se trouve sous le seuil d'abondance, le « temps du risque ». La valeur de trait de population s'approche, tout d'abord, du pic de fitness, puis le taux décline de manière exponentielle. Les populations avec un plus grand apport de mutation et une abondance maximale, et celles qui sont initialement mieux adaptées passent moins de temps dans la zone à risque. Le temps du risque est maximal à des intensités de sélection intermédiaires, puisque de fortes sélections diminuent l'abondance et de faibles sélections ralentissent l'adaptation. Les simulations montrent un bon alignement quand les mutations sont rares et les tailles des populations sont petites. La compétition interspécifique diminue l'abondance de la population focale, en accroissant généralement le temps du risque, mais cela peut être compensé pour des scénarios particuliers par un accroissement de la pression de sélection. La réponse écologique et évolutive des populations naturelles à un changement environnemental dépend de phénomènes écologiques complexes. Les théories et les expériences qui incluent de tels phénomènes sont nécessaires pour des descriptions précises de l'adaptation génétique à un changement environnemental, à la fois en laboratoire et dans la nature.
Arnold, Brian. "Evolutionary Dynamics of a Multiple-Ploidy System in Arabidopsis Arenosa". Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467222.
Pełny tekst źródłaBiology, Organismic and Evolutionary
Abbot, Douglas Kilpatrick. "Evolutionary genetics of gall-forming aphids: Population and behavioral processes". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279854.
Pełny tekst źródłaHealey, David W. (David Wendell). "Phenotypic heterogeneity and evolutionary games in microbial populations". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98544.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 92-96).
One of the most interesting discoveries of the last decade is the surprising degree of phenotypic variability between individual cells in clonal microbial populations, even in identical environments. While some variation is an inevitable consequence of low numbers of regulatory molecules in cells, the magnitude of the variability is nevertheless an evolvable trait whose quantitative parameters can be "tuned" by the biochemical characteristics and architecture of the underlying gene network. This raises the question of what adaptive advantage might be conferred to cells that implement high variation in their decision-making. Currently, the predominant answer in the field is that stochastic gene expression allows cells to "hedge their bets" against unpredictable and potentially catastrophic environmental shifts. We proposed and experimentally demonstrated an alternative solution: that heterogeneity implements the evolutionarily stable mixed strategy (or mixed ESS), from the field of evolutionary game theory. In a mixed ESS, phenotypic heterogeneity is a result of competitive interactions between cells in the population rather than a response to uncertain environments, so unlike with bet-hedging, in a mixed ESS the evolutionary fitness of different phenotypes is frequency dependent. Each phenotype can invade the other when rare, and the resulting equilibrium-the stable mix of the two-is not necessarily the one that maximizes the population's fitness. We demonstrated these and other predictions of the mixed ESS using engineered "pure strategist" strains of the yeast GAL network. We demonstrated also that the wild type mixed strategist can invade both pure strategists and is uninvasible by either. Taken together, our results provide experimental evidence that evolutionary hawk-dove games between identical cells can explain the phenotypic heterogeneity found in clonal microbial populations.
by David W. Healey.
Ph. D.
Gritton, Jeffrey S. "Architecture and evolutionary stability of yeast signaling pathways". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37258.
Pełny tekst źródła"September 2006."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 37-38).
I have researched the effect that selection for the function of the High Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) pathway has on the evolutionary stability of the pheromone response pathway in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I first set out to demonstrate that, because the pheromone and HOG response pathways share protein components, selection for HOG function will enrich a population for cells capable of pheromone response. I performed experiments in both continuous and batch culture to demonstrate this effect. I then characterized the decay of the pheromone response pathway first, by measuring its mutation rate and second, by measuring the fitness of a series of strains with pheromone response gene deletions. I conclude with thoughts on possible experiments that may be used to further this research.
by Jeffrey S. Gritton.
S.M.
Schultz, Jeffrey Walden. "Evolutionary morphology of the locomotor apparatus in arachnida /". The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487686243820556.
Pełny tekst źródłaBlackman, Benjamin K. "Evolutionary genetics of flowering time regulation and variation in Helianthus". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3373495.
Pełny tekst źródłaTitle from home page (viewed on Jul 8, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-10, Section: B, page: 5957. Advisers: Loren H. Rieseberg; Scott D. Michaels.
Nygren, Kristiina. "Evolutionary Consequences of Reproductive Strategies : Testing Theory on Sex and Reproductive Gene Evolution in the Fungal Model Neurospora". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Evolutionsbiologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-152953.
Pełny tekst źródłaCury, Jean. "Evolutionary genomics of conjugative elements and integrons". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB062/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaPillay, Pradeep. "The ecological and evolutionary assembly of trophic metacommunities". Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96666.
Pełny tekst źródłaMalgré l'importance des processus spatiaux dans les communautés écologiques naturelles, peu de théories examinent le rôle de l'espace dans l'assemblage et la stabilisation des réseaux trophiques complexes. Dans cette thèse, je développe un modèle de réseau trophique spatial (métacommunauté) fondé sur un model dynamique de métapopulation du type Levins, où les interactions trophiques entres les espèces ont lieu au sein d'une série de populations locales. Ce modèle de métacommunauté me permet d'examiner les réseaux trophiques simples et complexes dans un contexte écologique et évolutif.Dans le premier chapitre, je résume et critique les modèles actuels de métacommunauté du type Levins incorporant les interactions trophiques dans un contexte spatial. Après avoir identifié les erreurs de ces modèles, je développe un modèle corrigé afin d'examiner des réseaux trophiques simples. Je montre que la stabilité des interactions trophiques simples (telles que les boucles omnivores) dépend de l'interaction entre la structure spatiale et la topologie du réseau trophique. Dans le deuxième chapitre, j'utilise ce modèle afin de déterminer l'évolution du taux de dispersion du prédateur et de sa proie lorsque la prédation favorise l'extinction des populations locales. Je montre que face à une augmentation du taux d'extinction, le taux de dispersion évolutivement stable du prédateur augmente de façon monotone alors que celui de la proie varie de façon non-monotone et diminue pour certains niveaux d'extinction. Je démontre que cette réponse contre-intuitive de la proie est due à la structure spatiale des interactions trophiques entre les espèces.Dans le troisième chapitre, j'utilise le modèle afin d'étudier l'assemblage de réseaux trophiques complexes dans l'espace. Je montre que l'addition de branches dans le réseau trophique (ramification) permet l'accumulation d'espèces dans des chaînes alimentaires distinctes et la création de réseaux trophiques complexes. Je démontre que cette ramification du réseau trophique est due à la distribution spatiale des interactions trophiques ainsi que le support structurel apporté par les boucles omnivores et généralistes.Dans le quatrième chapitre, j'essaye de déterminer si la relation entre la biodiversité et la ramification des réseaux trophiques observée dans le modèle est applicable aux réseaux trophiques naturels. Je montre qu'il existe une forte relation linéaire entre la taille des réseaux trophiques naturels et le nombre de branches qui caractérise leur arbre couvrant minimum. Cette vérification empirique du modèle indique que la théorie développée dans cette thèse pourrait permettre de mieux comprendre les rôles que jouent l'espace et de la dispersion dans l'assemblage et la structure des réseaux trophiques naturels à grandes échelles.
Thomson, David Lindsay. "Evolutionary influences on avian clutch size". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8343/.
Pełny tekst źródłaBlischak, Paul David. "Developing Computational Tools for Evolutionary Inferences in Polyploids". The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531400134548368.
Pełny tekst źródłaCacan, Ercan. "Evolutionary synthetic biology: structure/function relationships within the protein translation system". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45838.
Pełny tekst źródłaRamirez, Aaron Robert. "Comparative Ecophysiology and Evolutionary Biology of Island and Mainland Chaparral Communities". Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3720783.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe unique nature of island ecosystems have fascinated generations of naturalists, ecologists, and evolutionary biologists. Studying island systems led to the development of keystone biological theories including: Darwin and Wallace's theories of natural selection, Carlquist's insights into the biology of adaptive radiations, MacArthur and Wilson's theory of island biogeography, and many others. Utilizing islands as natural laboratories allows us to discover the underlying fabric of ecology and evolutionary biology. This dissertation represents my attempt to contribute to this long and storied scientific history by thoroughly investigating two aspects of island biology: 1. the role of island climate in shaping drought tolerance of woody plants, and 2. the absence of mammalian herbivores from insular environments and its effects on woody plant defenses.
These goals were accomplished by quantifying functional trait patterns, seasonal water relations, and plant defenses among closely-related species pairs of chaparral shrubs from matched field sites on Santa Catalina Island and the adjacent Santa Ana Mountains in southern California. This experimental design allowed me to test for repeated evolutionary divergences across island and mainland environments and to examine the evolutionary trade-offs between traits.
Chapter 1 focuses on differences in dry season water availability and hydraulic safety between island and mainland chaparral shrubs by measuring seasonal water relations and cavitation resistance. My results suggest that island plants are more buffered than mainland relatives from the harsh summer drought conditions that characterize the Mediterranean type climate region of California. Furthermore, island plants exhibit increased hydraulic safety margins that suggest island plants may fare better than mainland relatives during episodes of increasing aridity.
Chapter 2 examines an exhaustive suite of 12 functional traits that characterize the drought-related functional strategies of island and mainland chaparral shrubs. Island plants have more mesomorphic leaf and canopy traits than mainland relatives. However, stem hydraulic traits are surprisingly similar between the island and mainland environments despite large differences in seasonal water relations. The differences between patterns at the leaf and stem levels may be related to the existence of evolutionary correlations for leaf traits but not for stem traits. Multivariate principal component analyses suggest that island plants are employing a very different suite of functional traits than their mainland relatives that allows them to take advantage of the more moderate conditions that characterize the island environment without sacrificing increased vulnerability to drought at the stem level.
Chapter 3 tests the hypothesis that the absence of mammalian herbivores throughout most of Santa Catalina Island's history has selected for plants that are less defended and more palatable than mainland relatives that have experienced more consistent browsing pressure. My results confirm that island plants have fewer morphological defenses and are more preferred by mammalian herbivores compared to close relatives from the mainland. These findings also suggest that island plants are more vulnerable to browsing by introduced mammalian herbivores. This vulnerability should be taken into account when making management decisions concerning introduced herbivores on islands.
In conclusion, chaparral shrubs on Santa Catalina Island have different levels of drought tolerance and herbivore defenses compared to mainland relatives that affect how they are likely to be impacted by climate change and other anthropogenic alterations of the insular environment. Furthermore, the pattern of evolutionary divergences between island and mainland plants reported in this dissertation offer new insights into how drought tolerance and herbivore defenses are shaped by environmental factors.
Rutledge, Michael L. "Indiana high school biology teachers and evolutionary theory : acceptance and understanding". Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1027093.
Pełny tekst źródłaDepartment of Biology
Craig, Lindsay R. "Scientific Change in Evolutionary Biology: Evo-Devo and the Developmental Synthesis". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1275916427.
Pełny tekst źródłaLopez, Cristina S. "Difference and gender in evolutionary biology : a feminist rhetoric of science /". The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488204276534442.
Pełny tekst źródłaVanInsberghe, David(David Stephen). "The eco-evolutionary dynamics of microbial populations". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122422.
Pełny tekst źródłaCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Microbes have adapted to life in complex microbial communities in a large variety of ways, and they are continually evolving to better compete in their changing environments. But identifying the conditions that a particular microbe thrives under, and how they have become adapted to those condition can be exceedingly difficult. For instance, Clostridium difficile became widely known for being the world's leading cause of hospital associated diarrhea, but people can also have C. difficile in their gut without developing diarrhea. Although these asymptomatic carriers are now thought to be the largest source of infection, we know very little about how these people become colonized. In the first chapter of my thesis I use publicly available microbiome survey data and a mouse model of colonization to show that C. difficile colonizes people immediately after diarrheal illnesses, suggesting C. difficile is a disturbance adapted opportunist.
However, the differences between very recently diverged microbial populations that are adapted for growth in different conditions can be very difficult to detect. To address this limitation, I developed a method of identifying regions that have undergone recent selective sweeps in these populations as a means of distinguishing them, and specifically quantifying their abundance in complex environments. But part of what makes microbial evolution so difficult to interpret is the vast diversity of genes that are only shared by a fraction of all the members in a population. To better understand how these flexible regions are structured, I systematically extracted all contiguous flexible regions in nine marine Vibrio populations and compared their organization and evolutionary histories.
I found that horizontal gene transfer and social interactions have led to the evolution of modular gene clusters that mediate forms of social cooperation, metabolic tradeoffs, and make up a substantial portion of these flexible genomic regions. The observations made in these studies help us understand how microbes are organized into socially and ecologically cohesive groups, and how they have evolved to interact with complex and changing environments.
by David VanInsberghe.
Ph. D. in Microbiology Graduate Program
Ph.D.inMicrobiologyGraduateProgram Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology
Myers, Benjamin R. "Genetic and evolutionary approaches to transient receptor potential channel structure and function". Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3339199.
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