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Morgado, Correia Alexandre Carlos. "Evolution à long terme de la rotation de Vénus". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077222.
Pełny tekst źródłaAuger, Anne-Thérèse. "Formation et évolution des morphologies de surface des petits corps du système solaire, à partir des images de la sonde spatiale Rosetta". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4721/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaResiduals from the accretion disk in which planets formed, asteroids and comets provide important constraints on the solar system formation and evolution processes. Based on the images from the Rosetta mission, the main objectives of this thesis are to characterize the morphologies at the surface of these small bodies and to study the processes responsible for their formation and evolution.On asteroid (21) Lutetia, the relief is controlled by impacts, forming craters, ejecta blankets, fractures and boulders.On the nucleus of comet 67P, the Imhotep region, located at the equator of the nucleus, presents smooth terrains and consolidated terrains, heavily fractured. It is the only region that shows tens of circular features less than 60 m in size, probably ancient, which we find associated with layers of several meters thick. During the passage at perihelion, major changes occurred in smooth terrains ; they may be linked to mechanical stresses acting in the nucleus subsurface. A particular type of fractures observed at the surface of 67P has also been studied in detail. These fractures join each other in polygons of roughly 3 m in size. These polygons probably result from the strong variations of temperature at the surface and subsurface. More generally, the observations and their interpretation from Rosetta data show that the morphologies at the surface of 67P can result from its formation and endogeneous processes, as well as from exogeneous and evolutionary processes such as the sublimation of ices or thermal stresses
Le, Pivert-Jolivet Tania. "Composition, origine et évolution de Ryugu à travers les analyses de MicrOmega/Curation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASP192.
Pełny tekst źródłaPrimitive asteroids are small bodies that have evolved relatively little since their formation. They contain information about the chemical composition of the early solar system and its evolution up to the present day. Before the 2020s, the only potential analogs of these objects available for laboratory analysis were carbonaceous chondrites (CCs). But the link between CCs and their asteroidal parent bodies is not yet clear, and the primitive composition of CCs is partially altered by interaction with the terrestrial atmosphere. This is why, in the 2010s, two space missions observed and collected samples from the surface of primitive asteroids: they represent the first laboratory study of fragments representing their parent bodies. The C-type near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu, was the target of the Hayabusa2 mission (JAXA). The spacecraft performed two samplings, collecting surface and subsurface samples excavated by an artificial impactor. In December 2020, the sealed capsule containing 5.4g of samples returned to Earth and was opened in the Curation Facility (Sagamihara, Japan), a complex containing a set of clean chambers for carrying out an initial analysis of the grains, preserving their integrity and without exposing them to the terrestrial atmosphere. The aim of my thesis was to characterize the composition of Ryugu samples to retrace the evolution of the primitive matter at different stages in the history of the solar system. Thus, I analysed data acquired by the near-infrared (0.99 – 3.65 μm) hyperspectral microscope MicrOmega, installed in the Curation Facility. MicrOmega enables a non-invasive characterization of the mineral and organic composition of the grains. I studied the 2.7 μm band, characteristic of the vibration of the -OH group in the phyllosilicates of the samples. I carried out a statistical study of the variations in the position and depth of the band between several hundred millimetre-sized grains, which indicate a variation in the composition of the phyllosilicates. This analysis suggests that some of the grains collected at the surface experienced space weathering, a process that affects the composition and microstructure of the surface of airless bodies. Conversely, all the grains from the subsurface have undergone a limited exposure to the space environment. This study also shows that the Ryugu samples are depleted in water (H₂O) compared with CI chondrites, despite their similar mineralogy, and suggests that a significant proportion of the water in the CIs could be of terrestrial origin. I then studied the variations in the shape and position of the 2.7 μm band at the surface of the grains. I showed that the spectral heterogeneity of the surface varies from one grain to another. This variation in heterogeneity could be linked to variations in the degree of aqueous alteration and/or the degree of space weathering on surfaces with different roughnesses. This study shows the potential of infrared hyperspectral imaging to detect variations in the water content between the grains, without any bias by the terrestrial atmosphere. This work provides a better understanding of the physical and chemical evolution of the surface and the near subsurface of primitive asteroids. It also provides new insights on the terrestrial alteration of carbonaceous chondrites, with implications for the quantity of water in the asteroidal parent bodies of CI chondrites
Leconte, Jérémy. "Un nouveau regard sur la Structure interne et l'évolution des planètes géantes solaires et extrasolaires". Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00707629.
Pełny tekst źródłaComito, Carlo. "Numerical N-body approach to binary asteroid formation and evolution". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00703696.
Pełny tekst źródłaGkotsinas, Anastasios. "On the pristine nature of cometary nuclei : coupled modeling of their thermal and dynamical evolution". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10144.
Pełny tekst źródłaComets are a population of small Solar System bodies, often described as the most primitive population in our Solar System, holding valuable information on its formation and evolution. Formed early, at the same time as the giant planets, in the outer parts of the protoplanetary disk and scattered outwards shortly after their formation towards distant and cold reservoirs, they are considered to have preserved their primordial composition and properties to a great extent. However, the level of this primitive nature has started to be reevaluated recently, as a growing body of observational evidence and an important number of theoretical studies are suggesting the possibility of thermally-induced alterations before their return to the inner parts of the Solar System, where they are usually studied and observed. In this context, our work aims to examine the level of the primitive nature of different cometary families in our Solar System. To do so, we developed a dedicated thermal evolution model, designed for an efficient coupling to N-body simulations, tracking the long-term orbital evolution of planetesimals, originating in the outer parts of the protoplanetary disk and evolving into planetary-crossing orbits after a prolonged stay in outer Solar System reservoirs. Our results reveal the possibility of thermal processing, affecting mainly the primordial condensed hyper-volatile content and on a lesser extent the primordial moderately-volatile and amorphous water ice content, during the early phases of a comet's lifetime. A comparative study is indicating that long-period comets are expected to be the least altered population. Intense, yet sporadic, activity is also recorded in the planetary region, as comets return in the inner Solar System, compatible with the current observables on the Centaur population. These results indicate that the thermal evolution of cometary nuclei is inextricably related to their orbital evolution. They are also indicating that the cometary activity observed in the inner parts of the Solar System is very likely triggered from thermally processed subsurface layers, highlighting the necessity of considering the past evolutionary history of comets when interpreting the current observations in a broader context
Philipot, Florian. "Vers une recherche exhaustive des planètes géantes autour des étoiles proches de type solaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLO008.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe detection of the first exoplanets in the 1990s opened a new era in the study of planets. Today, thanks to increasingly powerful instruments, several hundred exoplanets (hot Jupiters, Super-Earths, multiple systems...) are discovered every year. Thanks to this wide variety of exoplanets, it is possible to study the distribution (distance, mass, eccentricity...) of these objects in order to better constrain the formation and evolution models of planetary system. Nevertheless, each detection method has its own limitations and detection biases. One aim of this thesis was to identify the limitations of the various detection methods, in particular those related to radial velocities (RV), and to improve the characterization of companions detected by RV.As a first step, I tested the robustness of studies aimed at determining the radial distribution of giant planets. Analysis of RV data from stars hosting long-period planets, the impact of stellar activity and the hypothesis made in completeness calculations, allowed us to demonstrate that statistical RV studies were not robust beyond 7-8 AU. Subsequently, I combined RV data with available absolute and relative astrometry measurements to improve the characterization of long-period sub-stellar companions. This study allowed us to precisely constrain the orbital parameters and, above all, the mass of seven companions detected in RV. It also highlighted the importance of coupling RV data with other measurements to accurately determine the nature of a companion. Finally, I used measurements of stars' proper motion anomalies (PMa), derived from Hipparcos and Gaia absolute astrometry, to search for new sub-stellar companions in the HARPS/VLT spectrograph archive. This analysis enabled me to improve the characterization of 14 sub-stellar companions, and to discover three new brown dwarfs and seven new exoplanets. I also demonstrated the effectiveness of using PMa measurements to optimize the search for sub-stellar companions
Benbakoura, Mansour. "Evolution des étoiles de faible masse en interaction : observations multi-techniques et modélisation des systèmes multiples". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7027.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is devoted to the study of low-mass stars having other stars or planets in their immediate environment. We focused on the influence of interactions with these companions on stellar evolution and their observable consequences.In the first part, we present the model of evolution of star–planet systems that we developed during this thesis, called ESPEM (French acronym for Evolution of Planetary Systems and Magnetism). This model incorporates ab-initio prescriptions to quantify the effects of magnetized stellar wind and tidal dissipation on stellar rotation and planetary orbit, simultaneously with the star's structural evolution. First, we use it to study the secular evolution of the rotation of planet-host stars and show that this evolution can be significantly different from that of isolated stars. Next, we examine the predictions of this model regarding the orbital architecture of star–planet systems. Our results suggest an interpretation to the observed distributions of orbital and stellar rotation periods.In the second part of the manuscript, we show how the observation of advanced binary stars allows us to test astrophysical theories, in particular asteroseismology and tidal interaction. First, we present the results of an observation program that we conducted for more than two years and that allowed us to characterize 16 eclipsing binary systems. Then, we compare these results with those obtained by analyzing this sample using asteroseismic tools to verify the accuracy of the latter. Finally, by extending the studied sample to 30 other advanced binary stars including an evolved primary, we test the theory of tidal evolution. This allows us both to validate the theory and to understand the evolution of the systems observed in this work.This work highlights two aspects of the specificity of multiple systems. First, it shows how the evolution of stars is affected by the presence of a stellar or planetary companion. Second, it emphasizes the interest of binary stars in testing astrophysical theories and reinforces the current understanding of stellar evolution
Hersant, Franck. "Turbulence dans la nébuleuse solaire primitive et formation du système solaire externe". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00316082.
Pełny tekst źródłaKhalfallaoui, Saoussen. "Comportement dynamique et automatisation d’un système solaire thermique muni d’un traqueur solaire". Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES020.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work deals with the study of a thermal solar system. The thermal behaviour is investigated in unsteady state with regard to the intermittency of sunlight. The modelling of this system was carried out taking into account a global approach to make an energy balance for each component of the thermal solar system. A simulation tool was developed under the MATLAB environment using Simulink ® tool for solving this knowledge model. This model is validated by comparing simulation results to measurement data obtained on the experimental set-up. Energy efficiency of the solar system and the instantaneous efficiency of solar collectors have been studied in unsteady state. The realisation of a solar tracker has been completed. The gain in thermal energy with solar tracker has been studied in comparison with the configuration in which the solar collectors are fixed at different inclinations
Jacquet, Emmanuel. "Les solides du système solaire primitif : géochimie et dynamique". Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00761687.
Pełny tekst źródłaBesse, Sébastien. "Reconstruction tri-dimensionnelle des petits corps du système solaire". Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX11072.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSmall bodies are used to constraint the formation and the evolution of planetary systems. The Rosetta mission in journey to rendez-vous with comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko in 2014 is dedicated to the study of small bodies of the Solar System. The shape model of these small bodies is crucial. This manuscript proposes a fully automatic method for retrieving the shape of asteroids and comets. This method is based on the stereoscopic approach. The topographic restitution is possible using observations of the same surface under different conditions. The shape model is define by points of interest scattered on the surface of the object. This method uses a complex geometric model which allows for the correction of the input parameter errors, in particular the orientation of the camera. The developed method can be used both in the case of a flyby or orbit observations of the bodies, and is also combined with other approaches to retrieve the shape model (limb, stereophotoclinometry). Images of the asteroid Steins flyby were used to define 45 control points with an error of 20 meters. These points were used as constraints to retrieve the shape model using others methods. The shape model was then used in an original way to determine the physical properties of the craters. Using image filters to enhance the craters, we were able to define 42 craters. We have simulated these craters on the shape model to define the depth-to-diameter ratio. The ratio tends to show that the surface of Steins was resurfaced by regolith migrations, which explains the shallow craters
Letz, Thomas. "Modélisation et dimensionnement économique d'un système de chauffage domestique bi-énergie (solaire-electrique)". Lyon, INSA, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ISAL0041.
Pełny tekst źródłaCrida, Aurélien. "Migration planétaire au cours de la formation du Système Solaire". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00330414.
Pełny tekst źródłaDans le chapitre 3, nous montrons qu'un saut dans le profil de densité du disque de gaz bloque la migration et agit comme un piège à planète. Ainsi bloqué, un coeur solide massif peut accrèter une atmosphère gazeuse et devenir une planète géante. La planète est alors assez massive pour repousser le gaz et ouvrir un sillon autour de son orbite. En analysant des simulations numériques, nous mettons en évidence le rôle des effets de pression dans ce processus dans le chapitre 4 ; un nouveau critère unifié d'ouverture du sillon en découle. Après la présentation dans le chapitre 5 d'un nouvel algorithme fiable et performant pour réaliser des simulations numériques, nous l'utilisons dans le chapitre 6 pour étudier la migration d'une planète géante et son impact sur l'évolution du disque. La formation d'une cavité s'avère moins facile que prévu, mais une possibilité d'arrêter la migration apparaît. Enfin, dans le chapitre 7, nous étudions le cas de Jupiter et Saturne, et trouvons dans quelles conditions les interactions entre les deux planètes en empêchent la migration.
Minazzoli, Olivier. "Étude relativiste du transfert de temps dans le système solaire". Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4090.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe relativistic vision of time has been tested for decades. However, theoretical considerations springing from the will of unifying fundamental physics suggest that the theory we use to describe space and time, General Relativity, will be no longer accurate enough to describe the flow of time in our future experiments. Especially in time transfer experiments which link remote clocks by laser links. The goal of such experiments can be either the synchronisation of remote clocks or the theoretical study of the time transfer problem and its application to present and future space experiments
Vitte, Thibaut. "Le froid solaire par dessiccation appliqué au bâtiment : proposition d'une stratégie de régulation du système". Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0100/these.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of this thesis is to study the coupling between a solar desiccant evaporative cooling system and the air-conditioned building. Firstly several solar air-conditioning technologies are presented and compared through seasonal energetic indicators. Then a modelling of the global system, composed of the weather, the desiccant air handling unit, the solar subsystem and the building is realized. The desiccant wheel model uses the characteristic potentials method and an analogy with a sensible recovery wheel to solve the heat and mass transfer equations. A parametric sensitivity study allows defining the most relevant parameters to be used to control the desiccant air handling unit. The influence of outdoor and indoor air conditions is likewise studied, regarding the dwelling air temperature and the difference of air enthalpy between indoor and outdoor. Finally, a control strategy, based on these results, is build for the desiccant system. It is next optimised thanks to the Hooke and Jeeves minimisation algorithm
Aljabri, Hareb. "Etude de la production solaire de microalgues dans des conditions désertiques extrêmes". Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4089/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is placed in the context of the solar culture of microalgae in the desert conditions of Qatar. In such environments, microalgae provide an alternative sustainable solution for food security, especially with the lack of sufficient arable land and fresh water for conventional agriculture. This environment is also close to the ideal regarding available solar radiation. However, this is combined with a high temperature, which could have a negative effect on both growth rate and production of metabolites of interest. A close link then exists between the culture conditions (which will be dynamic), the strain (the effects being often strain-dependent), and the culture technology used. This thesis aims to address these three aspects. For this, we firstly selected strains adapted to large-scale production in Qatar. Five strains isolated from the desert environment were compared. Then, the most promising strain was studied under different light and temperature regimes. Experiments in controlled photobioreactors allowed studying the effects independently, and then their inter-relation. The effects of dynamic cycles as encountered outdoor were also highlighted. The last part presents a thermal model of a raceway system. After validation, the model was used to predict the exchanges and thermal regimes encountered. The interest of introducing adapted thermal regulation solutions has also been studied. The use of heat exchangers using the thermal inertia of the soil has been highlighted, illustrating the interest of combining strain selection to identify robust strain with engineering approaches to develop adapted culture system for Qatar conditions
Leblanc, François. "Modélisation et mesure des exosphères de quelques objets du système solaire". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00446915.
Pełny tekst źródłaBirlan, Mirel. "Propriétés physiques et Dynamique des objets sans atmosphère du système solaire". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00547554.
Pełny tekst źródłaDemeo, F. E. "La variation compositionnelle des petits corps à travers le système solaire". Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00514550.
Pełny tekst źródłaJanjai, Serm. "Faisabilité technico-économique d'un système de séchage solaire du tabac Virginie". Perpignan, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PERP0050.
Pełny tekst źródłaMasson, Philippe. "Contribution à l'étude géologique comparée des planètes internes du système solaire". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112227.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe reported study aimed to analyze and to compare the inner planets from the geologic point of view. Because several studies on Mercury, the moon, the Miartian ridges, the Martian permafrost features, the Martian erosional processes, and the icy satellites of Jupiter a d Saturn, were initiated by the author and conducted by this associates under his responsability, his own scientific activity was mainly focused on the geology of Mars, and especially on the structural evolution of the Tharsis region. The thesis volume presents the principal significant results that were obtained and mostly published in various papers. This thesis presents a synthesis of several papers devoted to remote sensing applied to terrestrial tectonics and to planetary geology. 11 papers are included. They were published in french or international scientific publications. 6 additional papers are included at the end of the thesis volume. They mostly present the preliminary results or studies conducted in cooperation with ether members of the Planetology group (Laboratoire de Géologie Dynamique Interne, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay). The volume is devided into four principal parts: 1) General introduction, 2) Methodology,. 3) Comparative planetary geology. 4) General conclusions. The General introduction (Part 1) presents the Scientific objectives of the reported studies, and their general framework. The enclosed paper ("La Planétologie” describes the purposes of planetary studies, and addresses different items, such as planetary surface and interiors, atmospheres, and magnetospheres. Part 2 is devoted to: 1) the terrestrial remote sensing techniques (Landsat. Imagery, SlR-A radar imagery, computerized image processes) used for structural survey of the MediterranEan border of the Arabian Plate ("Levant" fault system); 2) the preliminary studies of the Valles Marineris and Tharsis regions of Mars based on Mariner 9 images. 5 papers are included: 3 are devoted to the Levant studies on the Earth, 2 are devoted to martian tectonics. The Landsat and SIR-A studies allow to establish a global structural map of the Levant area. New lineaments are observed on Landsat processed images. SIR-A imagery improves the observation of the lava flow boundaries in the Syrian desert. The preliminary studies of the Valles Marineris Tharsis regions of Mars alloweed to propose preliminary scenario and chronology of the regional deformation
Javelle, Thomas. "Caractérisation de molécules organiques au sein d’analogues d’objets du système solaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0490.
Pełny tekst źródłaOrganic matter is at least composed of one carbon-hydrogen bond. It is highly linked to biological activity on earth. However, we know from two centuries old studies that this matter is not exclusively produced from living systems. Three main production and alteration processes can be identified: biological (photosynthesis…), geological (petroleum…) and abiotic (secondary aerosols…). Titan's clouds, Europa's and Enceladus' oceans, meteoritic rocks or even cometary ices… All over the solar system a surprisingly complex abiotic organic chemistry has been found. Among all of these wonderful places, comets are the ones that remained unchanged for almost 4.5 billion years. Studying their composition provides a better understanding of both the solar system formation and the origin of organic matter on Earth. During this PhD thesis, the expected comet composition as space missions would study them is studied. Thus, an original experimental protocol allowing the recovery and identification of organic matter from synthetic comets is developed. The keystone of this study is that organic matter of a comet is divided into two main phases: solid or gaseous. The main objective is to identify the existing correlations between both of them. This manuscript is organized into four chapters. First, the current knowledge linking organic matter and comets as well as the first results in this field is detailed. Second, the developed protocols for cometary analogs solid phase analysis as well as developed tools is described. Third, the gas phase recovery experimental protocol is presented. Lastly, the first results and the first highlighted correlations are shown
DeMeo, Francesca E. "La variation compositionnelle des petits corps à travers le système solaire". Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01958539.
Pełny tekst źródłaSmall bodies hold keys to our understanding of the Solar System. By studying these populations we seek the information on the conditions and structure of the primordial and current Solar System, its evolution, and the formation process of the planets. Constraining the surface compisition of small bodies provides us with the ingredients and proportions for this cosmic recipe. I present a taxonomy of visible and near-infrared spectral data based on 371 asteroid spectra. I analyze the photometric colors of 23 Transneptunian Objects and Centaurs, nine of which have never been previously observed, and assign them taxonomic classifications. Futhermore, I interpret the surface composition of three outer Solar System small bodies, Jupiter-coupled object (52872) Okyrhoe, and TNOs (90482) Orcus and (73480) 2002 PN34, by modeling spectroscopic measurements in the visible and near-infrared wavelenght ranges. The spectra reveal varying amounts of H2O ice among these bodies. I present a search for solid ethane, C2H6, on the surfaces of Pluto and Triton, based on near- infrared spectral observations. I model each surface using a radiative transfer model based on Hapke theory (Hapke 1993) with three basic models : without ethane, with pure ethane, and with ethane diluted in nitrogen. While the presence of less than a few percent of ethane cannot be excluded on both bodies, there is no strong detection on either. Finally, I review the current knowledge of the compositional distribution of material in our Solar System, providing the global view of small bodies. I briefly compare the general structure of our Solar System to other imaged debris
Bolin, Bryce. "Identification de familles d’astéroïdes âgées de plus de 2 milliards d’années". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4035/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAsteroid families are the remnant fragments of asteroids broken apart by collisions. There are only a few known Main Belt (MB) asteroid families with ages greater than 2 Gyr (Brož et al., 2013; Spoto et al., 2015). Estimates based on the family producing collision rate suggest that the lack of > 2 Gyr-old families may be due to a selection bias in classic techniques used to identify families. Family fragments disperse in their orbital elements, semimajor axis, a, eccentricity, e, and inclination, i, due to secular resonances, mean motion resonances, close encounters, secondary collisions and the nongravitational Yarkovsky force. This causes the family fragments to be more difficult to identify with the hierarchical clustering method (HCM), which attempts to find cluster in orbital element space, when applied to family fragments’ elements as the fragments age. We have developed a new technique that is insensitive to the spreading of fragments in e and i by searching for V-shaped correlations of family members in a and asteroid diameter, D. A group of asteroids is identified as a collisional family if its boundary in the a vs. 1/D plane has a characteristic V-shape which is due to the size dependent Yarkovsky effect. The V-shape technique is demonstrated on the known families and families difficult to identify by HCM, and used to discover a 4 Gyr-old family linking most dark asteroids in the inner MB not included in any known family (Delbo' et al., 2017). The 4 Gyr-old family reveals asteroids with D > 35 km that do not belong to any asteroid family implying that they originally accreted from the protoplanetary disk and support recent theories on the formation of asteroids (Morbidelli et al., 2009). The V-shape detection tool is also a powerful analysis method for finding the boundary of an asteroid family and fitting for its shape. Thermal properties of the surfaces of asteroids such as the thermal inertia, Γ, determine the magnitude of the drift rate cause by the Yarkovsky force. Following the proposed anti-correlation between Γ and and D (Delbo' & Tanga, 2009; Delbo' et al., 2015), the Yarkovsky effect may have a more complex D dependence than previously thought, causing the family V-shape boundary to be curved in a vs. 1/D space. The V-shape tool is capable of detecting this curvature on synthetic families and was deployed on >20 families located throughout the MB to find this effect. The curvature of family V-shapes implies on average that the Yarkovsky drift rate scales with D^-(0.8-0.9). We find that there is no correlation between family age and V-shape curvature for families older than 100 Myrs. Additionally, the V-shape curvature decreases for asteroid families with larger a suggesting that the relationship between Γ and D is less anti-correlated in the Outer MB. By examining families <20 Myrs-old with the V-shape technique, we can separate family V-shapes caused by the initial ejection of fragments from those that are caused by the Yarkovsky effect. We constrain the initial velocity of young families by measuring the curvature of their fragments’ V-shape in a vs. 1/D space. We measure the V-shape curvature of 11 asteroid families that are too young for most of their known fragments to have undergone significant evolution in semi-major axis due to the Yarkovsky effect. We find that the majority of asteroid families in our sample have initial ejection velocity fields that scale with 1/D supporting the laboratory impact experiments and computer simulations of disrupting asteroid family parent bodies (Fujiwara et al., 1989; Michel et al., 2001; Durda et al., 2004; Nesvorný et al., 2006). In addition, the difference in curvature between <20 Myr-old families from the curvature of older family V-shapes evolved is independent evidence separating initial ejection velocity V-shapes from Yarkovsky V-shapes
Devogèle, Maxime. "Propriétés des astéroïdes de type L : un lien avec le Système Solaire primordial ?" Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4069/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaA few years ago, asteroid polarimetry allowed to discover a class of asteroids exhibiting peculiar phase polarization curves, collectively called "Barbarians" from the prototype of this class, the asteroid (234) Barbara. All such objects belong to the L visible plus near infrared based taxonomic class. The anomalous polarization has been tentatively interpreted in terms of high-albedo, spinel-rich Calcium-Aluminum inclusions (CAI) that could be abundant on the surfaces of some of these asteroids, according to their spectral reflectance properties and to analogies with CO3/CV3 meteorites. Such CAIs are among the oldest mineral assemblages ever found in the Solar System. Barbarians' surfaces could therefore be rich in this very ancient material and bring information on the early phases of planetary formation. During this thesis, a systematic campaign for photometric, polarimetric and spectroscopic characterization has been conducted. These observation campaigns allowed improving our general knowledge about these peculiar asteroids and highlighting the link between polarization and polarimetric properties. Our observation also allowed discarding the hypotheses involving peculiar shape for these asteroids. However, as it was suggested, a link between the presence of CAI and the polarimetric response was found. Our observations show that the relative abundance of CAI is correlated with the polarimetric inversion angle. This is the first time that a direct link between polarimetric and spectroscopic properties is found
Nepveu, François. "Production décentralisée d’électricité et de chaleur par système Parabole/Stirling : application au système EURODISH". Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP1268.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince July 2004, a 10 kW el Dish/Stirling unit is in operation at the PROMES laboratory in Odeillo in France. This system is one of the several country reference units of the EnviroDish project. In the area of this project, the objective of this doctorate is to evaluate the technico-economical potential of this micro-concentrated solar plant. In a first time, after an introduction on the development potential of the concentrated solar plant, a state of art concerning Dish/Stirling systems is achieved. In a second time, the EURODISH system operation is described and the instantaneous, daily and monthly performances and operation experiences of this system are presented on a period from July 2004 to February 2008. In one hand, the solar to electricity efficiency has reached instantaneous and monthly record values for a EURODISH unit of 23. 6 % and 22 % respectively. But in the other hand, the system reliability is too low and 963 breakdowns have been noticed. The next chapter presents a global thermal model of the energy conversion of the EURODISH Dish/Stirling unit, from solar energy to electricity provided to the grid. In addition to study problem linked to the modelling of the parabolic concentrator, solar receiver and Stirling engine, the objective is to develop a tool to evaluate the optical and thermal losses of the system components, to identify the key parameters of the design and to study their influences on the performances of the components according to various operation conditions. The parabolic concentrator behaviour is simulated using the ray-tracing code SOLTRACE. The comparison between simulation results and experimental measurements made in July 2006 by a PROMES/DLR team shows a good agreement and that SOLTRACE is a good code to simulate a parabolic concentrator. Then, a nodal method is used to calculate the heat losses by reflection, thermal radiation, convection out of the cavity and conduction through the ceramic walls. The absorber is divided in 8 control-volumes in order to take into account the inhomogeneous solar flux distribution. Compared to experimental measurements, simulations give results with a good agreement in particular for the absorber temperatures. To complete the global model, a nodal analysis of the Solo V161 Stirling engine is performed using some assumptions to simplify mass equation and energy equation written for each control-volume. A comparison of the model results with experimental measurements of the power input and output of the EURODISH unit shows that the differences are dues to Stirling engine model. A difference of 6 % is calculated for the Stirling cycle efficiency. The last chapter is dedicated to the technico-economical study of a Dish/Stirling based cogeneration system electricity/domestic hot water. In a first time, a dynamic model of the conversion from solar energy to electricity and heat of the EURODISH Dish/Stirling unit coupled to a solar domestic hot water system is built using results of the last chapter and a classical nodal analysis. Then, the hourly Direct Normal Insolation are calculated from DNI measurements data over a period upper than 5 year in two locations in France (Vignola, Corsica island and Odeillo, Pyrenees). Simulations are performed for a domestic hot water supply of 15 rooms corresponding to the consumption of a “summer” hotel in Vignola, a “winter” hotel in Odeillo and a “classical” hotel in both cases. Simulations show that the recovery of the thermal energy evacuated by the Stirling engine could improve performances of the EURODISH dish/Stirling unit. Levelised Electricity Cost reaches 25 c€. KWh -1 under some assumptions and a EURODISH unit based cogeneration system could be a very good investment without economical risk
Marrocchi, Yves. "Incorporation des gaz rares dans la matière organique primitive du système solaire". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00258016.
Pełny tekst źródłaYobregat, Elsa. "Les isotopes du strontium et du baryum dans le Système Solaire précoce". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN002/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaNucleosynthetic anomalies have been observed in meteorites for many elements. The magnitude and repartition of these anomalies provide information about the degree of heterogeneity of the solar nebula. The study of the nucleosynthetic anomalies carriers could also give insight into the processes responsible for this heterogeneity. The presence or absence of small variations in nucleosynthetic processes is a key for the use of the short-lived radiochronometers. Small variations in the repartition of the parent or daughter isotope can lead to misinterpretations of relative ages
Bouvier, Audrey. "Chronologie de l'accrétion du Système Solaire interne et de la différenciation planétaire". Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSL0338.
Pełny tekst źródłaMoynier, Frédéric. "Fractionnements isotopiques dépendants et indépendants de la masse dans le système solaire". Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSL0358.
Pełny tekst źródłaCarbajo, Jiménez Patricia. "Méthodologie d'optimisation d'un nouveau concept de système solaire thermique hybride eau-air". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAA025/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThermal regulation demands the construction of more efficient buildings that use less energy, in particular for heating. Air renewal, which is necessary to guarantee indoor air quality, represents a significant thermal loss in the energy balance of efficient buildings. Moreover, domestic hot water (DHW) needs become more important than heating needs. In this context, solar thermal systems can produce a significant part of the thermal needs in buildings. Indeed, this work studies a solar thermal system producing DHW and fresh air preheating. The operating principle is first analysed experimentally. As the system seems promising, a co-simulation between Dymola (using the Modelica language) and EnergyPlus is used to do a detailed study of the system performances in a building based on different assumptions and for different design parameters. The results show a better collector yield and tank efficiency regarding a classic solar water heater, as well as an increase of the solar fraction including DHW production, air preheating and space heating
Christoff, Vesselinova Nicole. "Détection et caractérisation d'attributs géométriques sur les corps rocheux du système solaire". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0565/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaOne of the challenges of planetary science is the age determination of the surfaces of the different celestial bodies in the solar system, to understand their formation and evolution processes. An approach relies on the analysis of the crater impact density and size. Due to the huge quantity of data to process, automatic approaches have been proposed for automatically detecting impact craters in order to facilitate this dating process. They generally use the color values from images or the elevation values from Digital Elevation Model (DEM). In this PhD thesis, we propose a new approach for detecting craters rims. The main idea is to combine curvature analysis with Neural Network based classification. This approach contains two main steps: first, each vertex of the mesh is labeled with the value of the minimal curvature; second, this curvature map is injected into a neural network to automatically detect the shapes of interest. The results show that detecting forms are more efficient using a two-dimensional map based on the computation of discrete differential estimators, than by the value of the elevation at each vertex. This approach significantly reduces the number of false negatives compared to previous approaches based on topographic information only. The validation of the method is performed on DEMs of Mars, acquired by a laser altimeter aboard NASA’s Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft and combined with a database of manually identified craters
Hublet, Geneviève. "Chronologie du Système Solaire précoce: approche par le système isotopique de l'26Al-26Mg sur des achondrites différenciées". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/217783.
Pełny tekst źródłaOption Sciences de la terre et de l’environnement du Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Quitté, Ghylaine. "Etude des météorites à l'aide du système isotopique Hf-W : contraintes sur les évènements du système solaire primitif". Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GLOB0002.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuan, Yuan Yong. "Photochimie expérimentale en orbite terrestre et en laboratoire appliquée à la chimie organique dans le système solaire". Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST1064.
Pełny tekst źródłaPas de résumé en anglais
Morales, Figureroa Dario. "Optimalité des éléments d'un système décentralisé de production d'énergie électrique". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112081.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoissier, Jérémie. "Etude des comètes en interférométrie millimétrique". Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077161.
Pełny tekst źródłaComets provide dues to the physical and chemical conditions in the early Solar System. A powerful tool to image the spatial distribution of gaseous species in their inner atmosphere is millimetre spectroscopy using interferometrie techniques. Unique data were acquired in cornet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) at the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer. During my thesis, I concentrated on the data acquired on the H2S, SO, CS and CO molecules to study their radial extension as well as the coma structure. I showed that H2S and CO are released by the nucleus. The radial distribution of CS emission is consistent with CS being produced from CS2 photolysis. The observed SO distribution is more extended than that expected if created by the photodissociation of SO2. This suggests that another source of SO is present in the coma or that at least part of SO2 is released by an extended source. The H2S outgassing is almost uniform at the nucleus surface, while part of the CS and SO molecules are concentrated in a high latitude jet. Using a physical model of the coma, I showed that the strong CO spiraling structure originating near the nucleus equator reflects a strong inhomogeneity in CO outgassing at the nucleus surface and not a shock structure created by shape and topography effects. The differences between the outgassing patterns of the different species may indicate that the nucleus composition is inhomogeneous. Tools and methods used during this study will be useful to prepare and analyse future observations of cornets in millimetre interferometry
Maalouf, Chadi. "Étude du potentiel de rafraîchissement d'un système évaporatif à désorption avec régénération solaire". Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134779.
Pełny tekst źródłaNotre travail concerne l'étude du potentiel de rafraîchissement d'un système évaporatif par désorption couplé à une installation solaire. Ce système appelé « desiccant cooling » permet de réduire les consommations électriques et utilise l'énergie solaire qui est une énergie propre et gratuite.
la première partie de ce document est consacrée à l'étude des différentes technologies liées à ce système et à la description des différents composants en vue d'optimiser les choix pour la réalisation d'une installation expérimentale.
La deuxième partie est consacrée au développement d'un modèle de l'installation dessicante solaire. Ce modèle a été implémenté dans l'environnement modulaire SimSPARK, adapté à la résolution des systèmes d'équations non linéaires. Les simulations réalisées avec cet environnement ont permis d'étudier l'interaction système – bâtiment – climat. Les simulations saisonnières effectuées pour différentes villes françaises ont montré l'importance de la ventilation nocturne couplée à l'humidification pour réduire les besoins du système en énergie primaire. De plus, il s'est avéré que le système est adapté aux régions où l'humidité absolue dépasse rarement le seuil de 16g/kg d'air sec.
Enfin, la dernière partie de ce document confronte les résultats des simulations avec l'expérimentation in situ réalisée au sein de la première installation de ce type en France à la maison des énergies à Chambéry.
Lévy, Dan. "Minéralogie et composition isotopique des phases d’altération des premières roches du Système Solaire". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS206.
Pełny tekst źródłaCalcium and aluminium-rich inclusions (CAIs) are the first solid objects formed in the solar system 4.568 Ga ago. We can estimate that they formed at a temperature higher than 1200 °C in very reducing conditions near the young Sun. In contrast, secondary phases found in CAIs suggest oxidizing and/or low temperature conditions. Most of these phases were interpreted as formed lately. However, a nebular origin of some secondary phases is still debated. The purpose of the thesis is to test if some secondary phases could have formed during CAI formation in the nebula using coupled different techniques. A compound CAI, named E101.1, from the CV3 reduced chondritic meteorite Efremovka was studied. This CAI is relevant for the study because it contains FeO-rich phases enclosed in diopside enclosed itself in the host CAI. These phases were characterized as Fe-åkermanite, kirschsteinite, fine-grained assemblage associated with wollastonite. The petrologic and textural study of these phases carried out during the thesis suggests that kirschsteinite and wollastonite formed in the nebula within an anorthite and diopside-rich precursors. Fe-åkermanite likely crystallized during the precursor incorporation into the partially melted host CAI. This is consistent with the first results of petrologic experiments that were initiated. After developping NanoSIMS imaging of D/H ratio on FIB (Focused Ion Beam) sections in weakly hydrated minerals, the δD of E101.1 minerals were measured. The lowest values ever measured in a meteoritic sample were found in anorhite with a δD of -817 ± 185 ‰ (2σ). This value is consistent with a formation near the young Sun. The fine-grained assemblage has high δD values up to 1250 ± 516 ‰ (2σ). Kirschsteinite has chondritic δD value: 163 ± 201 ‰ (2σ). The high values were attributed to evaporation during the xenolith capture in agreement with petrologic obervations which implies that kirschsteinite and wollastonite formed in the nebula in a reservoir with a chondritic H isotopic composition. This means that the D/H ratio of the nebula water passed from a solar value to a nearly terrestrial value in several hundred thousand years maximum. These complementary approaches hence showed the presence of nebular alteration phases in a CAI and that a non-predicted thermodynamical oxidizing event occured in the nebula
Saiagh, Kafila. "Photochimie de la matière organique dans le système solaire : application aux grains cométaires". Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1159.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe study of photochemistry in the solar system is of prime importance to assess complex organic chemistry in an extraterrestrial environment. Among those environments, comets are subject to a particular interest in the context of exobiology, along with their grains, as they could have bring organic matter on the primitive earth, and hence contribute to the emergence of life. But to what extent does the organic matter potentially with in grains survive face to solar radiation? My thesis deals with the study of photochemical degradation of three nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine and uracil) and one amino acid ( glycine) in the conditions of the solar system, which means subject to VUV/UV energetically radiations ( <300 nm). Studies performed during this work can also be applied to the interpretation of COSIMA mass spectrometer, present on the cometary mission ROSETTA, which aims to analyze the surface of cometary grains captured in the environment of the 67P/Churyomov-Gerasimenko comet. This work present absorption cross section spectrum measured in the VUV/UV range, for pure organic films. These spectrum led to the deduction of photolysis rate constants, and to the elaboration of a model simulating the global kinetic of destruction of a optically thick organic film. The comparison between this model and experimental data of low earth orbit irradiation as well as laboratory data allowed to estimates lifetimes for the considered molecules at 1 AU, and then extrapolated at different heliocentrically distances. Results show that glycine, adenine and guanine, potentially existing inside the cometary grains, would be entirely destroyed between the ejection of the grains and the arrival on earth if they exist at the surface. Below the surface, they are at the contrary very stable, thanks the effective protection of the mineral constitutive of the grain against solar radiations. In the frame of ROSETTA mission, results differ. At the farther of the sun, at 3.5 AU, the abundance of the molecule would not significantly decrease during the time of travel of grains between the core and the orbiter. At the perihelia, the survival of molecule strongly depends of the core-orbiter distance. Significant loss of the 3 molecules by photochemistry would only occurred if the orbiter is at more than hundred of kilometers from the core
Thomas, Fabrice. "La dynamique résonnante dans le système solaire : application au mouvement des objets transneptuniens". Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998OBSP0080.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis studies the resonant dynamics in the outer Solar System. The analysis consists in the determination of the properties (location and amplitude) of the mean motion, secular and Kozai resonances, which could affect the orbital evolution of a little body (asteroid or comet) under the perturbations given by more massive bodies : the planets. The case of trans-neptunian objects is considered. Now 60 in number, they belong to a new family of little bodies : the Kuiper belt. This system should collect, in addition to Pluto, several thousand very large bodies which should be the unused debris left after the formation of the planets. Both analytical and numerical explorations of the resonant structure of the Kuiper belt show that this system turns out to be made of three different parts. In the first one (between 34 and 40 AU), mean motion resonances with Neptune protect the objects from close encounters with this planet. Moreover, numerical integrations reveal that these resonances are stable over a time exceeding the age of the Solar System. All the objects present in this part are distributed in these resonances (mainly in the 2/3 with Neptune). Besides a non-resonant and very stable zone at small eccentricity is mysteriously unpopulated. In the intermediary region (between 40 and 42 AU), the dynamics is unstable because the secular resonances with Uranus and Neptune overlap and pump the eccentricity up to Neptune-crossing values. On the other hand, the resonant dynamics in the outer part of the Kuiper belt (beyond 42 AU) is very poor : there are no secular resonances and the mean motion resonances with Neptune, being very separated from each other, have little dynamical effects. The trans-neptunian objects detected in this region have quite big eccentricity and high inclination, and this fact cannot be explained by pure dynamics but requires the investigation of primordial mechanisms of excitation
Desmars, Josselin. "Précision d'extrapolation des éphémérides des objets du système solaire. Application aux satellites de Saturne". Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582490.
Pełny tekst źródłaTronche, Elodie. "Formation du système solaire : nouvelles données sur l'histoire thermique des chondres et inclusions réfractaires". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MNHN0034.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis presents two studies of chondrule’s formation conditions. The first part is about one atmosphere isothermal and dynamic crystallization experiments on four Al-rich chondrule’s compositions, which are intermediate between refractory inclusions and ferromagnesian chondrules; experiments were also done on a type C CAI composition. Results show that Al-rich chondrule’s formation conditions are in the same range than those for ferromagnesian chondrules, even though they are restricted to the lower range of temperature and cooling rates. The second part of this thesis is a study of one to two smooth compositional gradients profils between melt inclusions and their olivine host crystals in type II (ferromagnesian) chondrules in the Semarkona chondrite, obtained by NanoSIMS analysis. Different explanation can be found for the shapes of those profils. Dissolution of the olivine in the liquid could be responsible for the concentration profils
Zanetta, Pierre-Marie. "Étude de l'accrétion des premiers solides de notre système solaire par microscopie électronique avancée". Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R030.
Pełny tekst źródłaPrimitive chondrites are the witness of the accretion of the first asteroids. They are composed of coarse-grained high-temperature components (mainly chondrules with a typical size of ~50 µm-1 mm) and of fine interstitial matrix, rich in volatile elements such as water and organic matter. The fine-grained rims (FGRs) at the interface of these two components contain essential information on the accretion and the formation of the first asteroids. However, to date, the origin of the differences between FGRs and matrix has not been explained. This is due, on the one hand, to the small grain size (< 3µm) and the heterogeneity of these assemblages which make them difficult to analyze, and, on the other hand, to the parent bodies processes (aqueous alteration/metamorphism) which modified them and obscured their original specificities. This limits our understanding of their origin and formation environment. The objective of this thesis work is therefore to (1) develop a new quantitative methodology for the study of submicrometric heterogeneous assemblages based on coupled electron microscopies and hyperspectral data processing; (2) carry out a comparative study of FGRs and their adjacent matrix in the most primitive meteorites (weak alteration/metamorphism; Paris, Semarkona, DOM 08006 and QUE 99177); (3) propose a formation scenario for FGRs and evaluate it with respect to existing accretion scenarios. The multi-scale matrix/FGR comparison, using phase modal abundances, morphologies and chemical compositions allowed us to effectively constrain the nature of the precursors and the early stages of dust accretion on chondrules as well as to identify specific secondary processes that affected them. We show in the different chondrites that the silicate dust from the disk in the environment of the chondrule formation region was thermally modified and compacted onto the surfaces of chondrules before being incorporated with the rest of the matrix to form the first asteroids. We conclude that this early process caused primary differences between FGRs and matrix. Our results allow to discuss the petrographic observations with respect to the astrophysical model of dust accretion
Merlin, Frédéric. "Etude des processus physiques qui gouvernent l'évolution des petits corps glacés du système solaire". Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2007. https://hal.science/tel-02071424.
Pełny tekst źródłaAmong the icy bodies of the solar system, we find the transneptunian objects (TNO) and centaurs. Centaurs orbit between Jupiter and Saturn while TNOS orbit, most of the time, beyond Neptune. These objects are mainly composed of ices but their chemical properties are not well known. I performed observations devoted to the investigation of these objects surfaces, using photometry and spectroscopy. Both of these dynamical populations are composed of objects that show different spectra in visible and near infrared wavelengths. Visible slopes can be very steep, suggesting the presence of organic compounds. The existence of such material imply irradiation processes. I analyzed spectra using several radiative transfer theories and laboratory data. Many absorption bands indicate the presence of water ice and even methane ice on the biggest ones. The biggest objects seem to have more ice on their surface than the smallest ones. So, mechanisms that govern the evolution of the object surfaces have different efficiency depending on the object size. (Cryo-volcanism, non-disruptive collision) or on the heliocentric distances (cometary activity). I determined the ices physical state of different ices like water ice and methane, pure diluted in nitrogen. These species, highly volatile, are only observed on the large objects, where gravity is big enough to retain them. I finally constrain the surface temperature of two objects from spectral thermometers. The work carried out during my thesis strongly contributed to a better understanding of these objects, introducing new constraints on their surface properties and on the probable physical processes that modified them
Desmars, Josselin. "Précision d’extrapolation des éphémérides des objets du système solaire : application aux satellites de Saturne". Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00582490.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe accuracy of the predicted orbital positions depends on the quality of the theorical model (internal error) and of the observations used to fit the model (external error). The internal error is often well known and generally good. However, the external error is generally unknown and is the main cause of the global error. The accuracy of an ephemeris can be estimated by comparison with observations (O-C) but just during the observational period. Outside the observational period, particularly in the future, the estimation of the accuracy remains difficult. The main purpose is to highlight statistical methods in order to estimate the accuracy of an ephemeris at any time. We deal particularly with two of the eight major Saturnian satellites but the case of an asteroid is also studied. We show that one of the methods, the bootstrap resampling, is easy to implement and allows this estimation with minimal assumptions on the distribution of observation errors. The determination of this accuracy helps to better understand how to use observations to fit models. Thus, the impact of Gaia mission on ephemerides can also be measured. Among the tools used for this study, a catalogue of observations of Saturnian satellites has been compiled not only to fit model. The large period covered by this database allows the detection of secular acceleration of the mean longitude of some satellites caused by tidal forces. The measure of this acceleration can be related to the value of these tidal forces
Sanza, Cédric. "Evolution d'entités virtuelles coopératives par système de classifieurs". Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30050.
Pełny tekst źródłaDelsanti, Audrey. "Les Objets Trans-Neptuniens : détection et caractérisation physique". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066372.
Pełny tekst źródłaCastro, Moema Soares de. "Système de pompage de l'eau utilisant une pompe gas-lift et alimenté par énergie solaire". Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT060G.
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