Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Evaluative (Linguistics)”
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1
Finkbeiner, Rita. "Evaluative meaning". Pragmatics and Cognition 20, nr 1 (7.05.2012): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.20.1.05fin.
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Linguistic evaluation has become an important area of inquiry in recent years. In the traditions of, e.g., lexical semantics, phraseology, corpus linguistics, and interactional linguistics, a large inventory of linguistic means have been identified by which speakers can express evaluative meanings. However, the class of German sentential idioms, e.g., Das kannst du dir in die Haare schmieren (lit. ‘You can smear that into your hair’, fig. ‘That is useless’), has not gained much attention. This paper explores how the evaluative meaning of German sentential idioms is constructed syntactically, semantically, and pragmatically. In particular, it is investigated how the meaning of these idioms interacts with the context in which they are used. A context model of evaluation is developed in which the cognitive category of cause plays a central role. The model is applied to contextualized examples, the findings supporting the hypothesis that cause is one of the core categories of evaluation.
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Benamara, Farah, Maite Taboada i Yannick Mathieu. "Evaluative Language Beyond Bags of Words: Linguistic Insights and Computational Applications". Computational Linguistics 43, nr 1 (kwiecień 2017): 201–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00278.
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The study of evaluation, affect, and subjectivity is a multidisciplinary enterprise, including sociology, psychology, economics, linguistics, and computer science. A number of excellent computational linguistics and linguistic surveys of the field exist. Most surveys, however, do not bring the two disciplines together to show how methods from linguistics can benefit computational sentiment analysis systems. In this survey, we show how incorporating linguistic insights, discourse information, and other contextual phenomena, in combination with the statistical exploitation of data, can result in an improvement over approaches that take advantage of only one of these perspectives. We first provide a comprehensive introduction to evaluative language from both a linguistic and computational perspective. We then argue that the standard computational definition of the concept of evaluative language neglects the dynamic nature of evaluation, in which the interpretation of a given evaluation depends on linguistic and extra-linguistic contextual factors. We thus propose a dynamic definition that incorporates update functions. The update functions allow for different contextual aspects to be incorporated into the calculation of sentiment for evaluative words or expressions, and can be applied at all levels of discourse. We explore each level and highlight which linguistic aspects contribute to accurate extraction of sentiment. We end the review by outlining what we believe the future directions of sentiment analysis are, and the role that discourse and contextual information need to play.
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Krasnobaieva-Chorna, Zh V. "AXIOLOGICAL WORLD’S IMAGE: ANALYSIS OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED FOUNDATIONS IN MODERN LINGUISTICS". Opera in linguistica ukrainiana, nr 29 (9.11.2022): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2414-0627.2022.29.262409.
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With the actualization of the evaluative and emotional aspects of understanding the linguistic world’s image (LWI), the linguistic paradigm includes the concepts of ‘evaluative world’s image’, ‘axiological world’s image’, ‘cultural and axiological world’s image’, which become the components of LWI. The purpose of the article: to outline the problems of theoretical and applied principles of the ‘axiological world’s image’ concept functioning in the modern linguistics. The stated goal motivates the solution of the following tasks: 1) to determine the achievements of the studies of the axiological world’s image in the linguistics of the XXI century; 2) to systematize and generalize the usage specifics of the analyzed term in linguistics; 3) to form a terminological minimum of research on the axiological world’s image (AWI). The object of exploration is the evaluative categorization, and the subject is the axiological world’s image as a result of the evaluative categorization. The emergence of a significant number of LWI studies in the last decade is due to the popularity of anthropological linguistics and is determined by the expansion of the subject of linguistics. AWI is a fragment of the universal LWI as a result of evaluative/evaluative-emotional comprehension of the world by a specific linguistic personality and linguistic community. Linguists use the concept of AWI in: a) linguoculturology, basing on the peculiarities of the representation of concepts; b) discourse, with the actualization of structural and semantic features; c) phraseology, in order to compare the value references presented in the phraseological funds of different languages, etc. The key problems for these research areas are: a) the place and role of the AWI in the system of linguistic world’s images; b) the structural organization of the AWI; c) objective definition of the AWI components (concept/evaluation concept/value concept vs value); d) terminological base. Thus, the description of the AWI requires consideration of knowledge of an interdisciplinary nature, a set of research goals and objectives, clear visions of the structure, components and units of analysis. We see the prospect in the further solution of the outlined problems with reliance on the interpretation of the AWI in lexicographic, terminological, reference, and other types of works.
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Odiljonovich, Hasanov Elyorjon. "Linguacognitive and Linguoculturological Features of the Opposition Concept Good and Bad in Different Structural Languages (In English and Uzbek)". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, nr 12 (31.12.2021): 1243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39549.
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Annotation: The relevance of this study is due to its connection with the modern direction of language learning - cognitive linguistics, which makes it possible to identify the specifics of the representation of human knowledge, including evaluative ones, in the semantics of linguistic units. The prospect of the cognitive approach in studying the processes of evaluative conceptualization and evaluative categorization is explained by the fact that it makes it possible to assess the role of a person in the perception and evaluation of the surrounding reality and the formation of evaluative values, taking into account the interaction of cognitive and linguistic factors. Accordingly, the evaluative categories "good" and "bad" in this study are considered from the point of view of the mental processes of evaluative conceptualization and evaluative categorization and their refraction in linguistic meanings. Keywords: concept, language, linguacultural study, linguacultural concept "bad", linguacultural concept "good", linguistic materialization of a concept, linguacultural research.
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Torrens-Urrutia, Adrià, Vilém Novák i María Dolores Jiménez-López. "Describing Linguistic Vagueness of Evaluative Expressions Using Fuzzy Natural Logic and Linguistic Constraints". Mathematics 10, nr 15 (3.08.2022): 2760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10152760.
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In recent years, the study of evaluative linguistic expressions has crossed the field of theoretical linguistics and has aroused interest in very different research areas such as artificial intelligence, psychology or cognitive linguistics. The interest in this type of expressions may be due to its relevance in applications such as opinion mining or sentiment analysis. This paper brings together Fuzzy Natural Logic and Fuzzy Property Grammars to approach evaluative expressions. Our contribution includes the marriage of mathematical and linguistic methods for providing a formalism to deal with the linguistic vagueness of evaluative expressions by describing the syntax and semantics of these structures. We contribute to the study of evaluative linguistic expressions by proposing a formal characterization of them where the concepts of semantic prime, borderline evaluative expressions and markedness are defined and where the relation between the semantic constraints of evaluations and their sentiment can be established. A proof-of-concept of how to create a lexicon of evaluative expressions for future computational applications is presented. The results demonstrate that linguistic evaluative expressions are gradient, have sentiment, and that the evaluations work as a relation of hypernym and hyponym, the hypernym being a semantic prime. Our findings provide the basis for building an ontology of evaluative expressions for future computational applications.
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Bednarek, Monika. "‘An increasingly familiar tragedy’". Evaluation in text types 15, nr 1 (7.04.2008): 7–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.15.1.03bed.
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Evaluation — the function and usage of language to express the speaker’s or writer’s opinion — has only relatively recently become the object of systematic linguistic research, for example in stance or appraisal analysis. This paper proposes an alternative, corpus-based approach to evaluation which assumes that there are at least ten different meaning dimensions (parameters) along which speakers can evaluate aspects of the world. This framework helps to explain the complexity of evaluation, and in particular what is here called evaluative interplay or combination: the expression of more than two evaluative parameters at the same time, which can be realized by evaluative conflation (evaluations signalled by one and the same linguistic item) and evaluative collocation (evaluations signalled by different linguistic items). Both the parameter-based framework and evaluative interplay are illustrated with a number of examples from authentic discourse (mostly from British newspapers).
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K. B. Dautbayeva i K. K. Duisekova. ""NATIONAL-CULTURAL CHARACTER OF EVALUATIVE MEANING LANGUAGE STRUCTURES IN KAZAKH AND ENGLISH "". Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Philology series, nr 3,2023 (29.09.2023): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/nbqn4038.
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"The article is devoted to the consideration of the national cultural nature of evaluative language structures in the Kazakh and English languages. In this article, we set out to reveal the relationship of evaluative language structures in Kazakh and English with the national worldview. The article analyzes the activities of evaluative language structures (parables and idioms, proverbs) in the Kazakh and English languages to represent a conceptual picture of the world. The relevance of the research is manifested in the fact that the evaluation determines the spiritual culture of the nation, the conceptual picture of the world in its worldview by considering the use of evaluative meaning language structures in combination with the national worldview. In the study and systematization of theoretical material, general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and deduction, as well as lexico-semantic analysis, comparative research methods were used. In modern linguistic research, various aspects of the study of evaluation are presented. In today’s linguistics, we cannot say that the problem of value, evaluation is one of the most fully studied. Especially the linguocultural aspect of the evaluation category is one of the issues that needs to be studied. This article is considered a contribution to research in this field. The results of the study can be used in research in the fields of «Linguoculturology», «Cognitive linguistics», «Linguoaxiology». The conclusions obtained as a result of the study can serve as an impetus for a deeper study of the Kazakh and English evaluative vocabulary in the linguocultural direction. Keywords: linguoculturology, conceptual picture of the world, cognitive linguistics, evaluation category, language, culture. "
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Marakhovskaya, Ksenia A. "LINGUISTIC REPRESENTATION OF EVALUATIVE PARAMETERS IN SPORTS COMMENTARY". Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 14, nr 2 (30.06.2022): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2022-14-2-323-335.
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Background. A skill to evaluate different objects and phenomena of the objective reality establishes the nature of the interaction of the individual with the surrounding environment. This skill is considered to be one of the most important constituents of human cognitive activity. The necessity to evaluate develops human thinking. Since evaluation causes high interest of the readers in the sporting event, it is of prime importance to analyze the ways of linguistic representation of evaluative parameters in sports commentary.
Purpose. The article finds out and considers the evaluative parameters and their linguistic representation.
Materials and methods. The research material comprises 4 football scripts taken from the Sportsmole sports website (https://www.sportsmole.co.uk). The componential and definitional analysis as well as discourse and contextual analysis together with the pragmatic and cognitive methods were used in the analysis of the scripts.
Results. The results of the research study showed that high level of evaluation is very typical of the speech of the sports online commentator. Following classifications were presented: according to the subject of evaluation, to the scale of evaluation and the presence of an emotional component as well as an absolute and relative types of evaluation. A rational component in the commentator’s evaluative speech was investigated. It is considered to be a result of thinking activity of the addresser and is not connected with his or her emotions. An emotional component which is closely linked to inner feelings and emotions was also analyzed. A conclusion was drawn that the speech of sports commentators is characterized by explicit and implicit evaluation.
Practical implications. The results of the research study contribute to the theoretical aspects development in the field of pragmatic linguistics and sports discourse. They can also be used in the lectures on pragmatic linguistics and lessons of the English language. The paper is of particular interest to the researchers of sports discourse and online commentary.
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Bednarek, Monika. "Dimensions of evaluation". Pragmatics and Cognition 17, nr 1 (18.02.2009): 146–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.17.1.05bed.
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In the past two decades or so, a number of researchers from various fields within linguistics have turned their attention to interpersonal phenomena, such as the linguistic expression of speaker opinion or evaluation (also called stance or appraisal), or the encoding of subjectivity in language and its diachronic development (subjectification/subjectivization). Many linguists have offered categorizations of evaluative meaning, based on authentic discourse data, but no connection has been made with cognitive approaches to appraisal processes. This paper offers a first meta-theoretical exploration of such issues. It compares dimensions of evaluation that have been identified in linguistic and cognitive studies, and also examines how psychological research into basic emotions can be related to linguistic research on affect. On the basis of these comparisons a proposal for a new classification of evaluative meanings is made. The focus of this paper is on only one aspect of the highly complex phenomenon of evaluation, namely potential evaluative dimensions, although other relevant issues will also be touched upon, including the pragmatics of evaluation (evaluation and context).
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Malyuga, E. N., i A. A. Khaperstkova. "THE LINGUISTIC-COGNITIVE ASPECT IN STUDYING WOMEN’S EMOTIONAL-EVALUATIVE LEXIS IN ADVERTISING DISCOURSE". Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki, nr 1 (2023): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2023-1-71-79.
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The subject matter of the article covers women’s emotional-evaluative lexis to study the linguistic-cognitive aspects of advertising, which determine the ways of influencing the critical thinking of the audience. The authors consider the theoretical prerequisites for applying the linguistic-cognitive approach as the key methodology to analyze the language of advertising in conjunction with the approaches used in the framework of gender linguistics. The relevance of the study stems from insufficient scientific coverage and the lack of a systematic description of the linguistic-cognitive aspects of advertising discourse in general, and the goals of using women’s emotional-evaluative lexis in the advertising text, in particular. Study results suggest that the main techniques implementing women’s emotional-evaluative lexis in an advertising text include anaphora, comparison, opposition, clarifying questions, hyperbolisation, etc. These language tools are used to promote generally accepted stereotypes and influence advertisement recipients - women who are the target audience of the advertised goods. Study results can be applied in further research covering the linguistic-cognitive aspects of advertising and gender-specific facets of emotional-evaluative lexis.
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Kameneva, Veronika A., i Nadezda V. Rabkina. "“Ethical Evaluation” as a Tactics of Delegitimization Strategy in the Pre-Election Discourse". RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 12, nr 3 (3.10.2021): 743–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2021-12-3-743-757.
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The present study is based on such relevant areas of modern linguistics as Political linguistics and Linguistic personology. It included//includes samples of 30 speeches given by US President Joe Biden during his 2020 election campaign. A review of related scientific publications showed almost no detailed works on linguistic means connected with tactics that brings about delegitimization strategy; nor is there any unified term for a strategy of creating a negative image of a political rival in the election discourse. The authors believe that, in the election discourse, the abovementioned strategy aims at destroying the credibility of the political opponent and the solutions they have to offer beyond questioning their legality. Therefore, the tactics of ethical evaluation can be an effective means to destroy the credibility of a political oppo nent by using words of evaluative connotation. The tactics makes it possible to explicate a direct or contextual negative attitude to an opponent. Joe Bidens ethical evaluation of Donald Trump appeared to have three axiological aspects. The research used the theoretical and methodological apparatus of Political linguistics and Linguistic personology, e.g. such methods as content analysis, lexical-semantic analysis, and intent analysis. The paper introduces an analysis of lexemes that verbalize the tactics of ethical evaluation, which showed predominance of words and idioms of an unambiguous negative evaluative connotation. The authors also detected the absence of any abusive language that could be interpreted as a direct insult or accusation. The results can be used for a critical analysis of the political discourse of individual politicians.
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Hyland, Ken, i Polly Tse. "Evaluative that constructions". Functions of Language 12, nr 1 (22.03.2005): 39–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.12.1.03hyl.
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The study of interpersonal features of academic texts, through which writers evaluate their material and engage their readers, has been one of the most productive areas of discourse studies of the past decade. Scholarly writing involves adopting a position and persuading readers of claims, and the linguistic resources used to achieve these goals have been described in terms of evaluation, stance and metadiscourse. A relatively overlooked interpersonal feature however is what we shall call evaluative that constructions, a structure which allows a writer to thematize attitudinal meanings and present an explicit statement of evaluation by presenting a complement clause within a super-ordinate clause. In this paper we explore the disciplinary variations in the frequencies, forms and functions of evaluative that structures in 240 research article abstracts from six disciplines. We find that this structure is widely employed in these abstracts, about once every five sentences, and is an important means of providing author comment and evaluation. Evaluative that therefore helps writers to manage their discourse in various ways and to signal a clear stance towards the information they present.
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Shteba, Alexey A. "Determining the evaluative dominance of a mixed emotion". Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 2, nr 29 (2022): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2022-2-29-159-165.
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The article deals with the linguistic categorization of mixed emotions, by which it is proposed to understand such cases of verbalizing emotional experience, when two or more nominations of mono-, poly- and ambiocentric emotional states/experiences are combined into a single linear whole. Mixed emotions are considered as a new subject of emotive linguistics research, since the linguistic categorization of mixed emotions differs in its formal and substantive features from the established paradigm of emotivity and means of its explication in modern linguistics. The problem of mixed emotions has not become an object of independent research in linguistics or psychology. However, the position of dual-ity and ambivalence of any emotion is basic in psychology. In literary studies, attention is also paid to the problem of explication of mixed feelings / emotions, but a separate analysis of the structural, compositional, functional, etc. fea-tures of mixed emotions is not carried out. It should also be pointed out that the terminological approach to the problem of mixed emotions and their linguistic embodiment is difficult due to the usual and intuitively clear na-ture of the definition itself. The aspect of the mixed emotion dominant analysis is based on the Pollyanna principle, which explains the reason for the asymmetry of negative and positive evaluation in language and speech. The author formulates the assumption that the situational dominant of a mixed emotion, despite its summative nature, is the postpositive element. The prepositive element of a mixed emotion corresponds to the position of the theme, and the postpositive element corresponds to the rheme; at the cognitive level, the mixed emotion combines its own emotional and a rational evaluation of a certain event, action, or behavior. The example of the translation of text fragments con-taining linguistic expression of mixed emotions confirms the thesis that mixed emotions belong to the space of indefi-nite emotivity, when only the evaluation remains unchanged during translation, and the elements constituting the mixed emotion vary.
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Bednarek, Monika. "Language patterns and ATTITUDE". Functions of Language 16, nr 2 (22.10.2009): 165–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.16.2.01bed.
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Interpersonal or evaluative meaning has been described in systemic functional linguistics with the help of appraisal theory (Martin & White 2005), which distinguishes between different types of evaluation. One sub-system of APPRAISAL is ATTITUDE, which is further divided into APPRECIATION, JUDGEMENT and AFFECT. This paper uses corpus-linguistic evidence to investigate how far linguistic patterns support this classification, and whether they can be used as a ‘diagnostic’ for distinguishing types of ATTITUDE (as has been proposed in appraisal theory). It argues that two different aspects of APPRAISAL need to be considered: the kinds of attitudinal lexis (in terms of evaluative standards which are inscribed in this lexis) and the kinds of attitudinal targets or types of attitudinal assessment, and that this distinction has not been sufficiently considered in appraisal theory so far. A preliminary classification of attitudinal lexis is also suggested, and a new sub-category of ATTITUDE proposed (COVERT AFFECT).
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Chernyavskaya, Valeria E. "Evaluative Language in Scientific Discourse:Terminological Framework and Methodological Perspectives". Вестник Пермского университета. Российская и зарубежная филология 14, nr 3 (2022): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2022-3-44-55.
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Evaluation is considered as a key feature in scientific communication and academicwriting. It is a crucial pragmatic tool in scientific activity among specialists and experts. The paper provides a systematic review of authorial evaluation research in the literature and aims to outline the major strands of current research. The study was carried out as interdisciplinary and intercultural analysis. It showed that different methodological approaches have been adopted to examine the issues of evaluation across disciplines, different sociocultural practices, languages, through different analytical lenses. The review is based on the publications in the scientific area in Russian and English. Based on contextual-interpretive analysis, comparative analysis of literature, analytical review of theoretical concepts, the study identified the current state and the major theoretical and methodological approaches adopted in the field of pragmatic linguistics, text linguistics, discourse analysis, linguistic axiology over the past thirty years. It revealed the terminological diversity used to describe the evaluative language in English literature. As relevant sources there were selected publications in peer-reviewed journals and/or chapters from monographs published in 1990–2022, indexed in the RSCI, Scopus, WoS, ERIH PLUS databases. The search query included the Russian terms otsenka, otsenochnost’, and the English terms evaluation, stance, appraisal, voice. The main strands in research on the evaluative use of language have been identified, namely: the stance strand, the analysis of the authorial stance, when the speaker/writer adopts a certain value position and makes it visible in the text structure by means of linguistic devices; the appraisal strand, the study of a wide range of evaluative devices that show the author’s attitude to the subject of the statement, the communicative partner; the voice strand, coordination with other voices, dialogic involvement of the author’s voice in other subjective positions.
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Heleta, Ivanna, i Natalya Zhmayeva. "FEATURES OF RENDERING THE EVALUATIVE CATEGORY WHEN TRANSLATING POLITICAL SPEECHES". Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2022, nr 35 (sierpień 2022): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2022-35-3.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the methods of translation of linguistic means of expressing the evaluation category based on the material of translations of political speeches from the Ukrainian language into English. In the field of linguistics, the category of assessment causes a number of disagreements. Evaluation as a functional-semantic category extends to all levels of language and is represented by a set of linguistic units with an evaluative meaning, which express a positive or negative attitude of the speaker to the content of the message aimed at the implementation of a certain communicative task. The assessment is characterized by a specific structure. Mandatory components of the evaluative construction are distinguished: evaluative subject and object. Among the classifications of assessment existing in linguistics, the most appropriate for the analysis of the specified category in political discourse is the classification identified by E. M. Wolf, which provides for the division of rational and emotional, positive and negative, absolute and relative assessment of the subject and the object. The analysis of the presented excerpts revealed that rational and emotional evaluations are represented in almost equal numbers, negative evaluations are twice as large as positive ones and in the comparison of absolute and relative evaluations, the latter is completely absent. The search for a translation counterpart turned out to be a common method of translation of all types of expressions of the evaluation category Various translation transformations at the grammatical and lexical levels were applied when translating the means of expression of the evaluation category. The lexical level is reproduced by searching for equivalents or translational counterparts. At the grammatical level, various grammatical transformations are used,such as permutations, substitutions, additions
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Anisimova, A. T. "Students Evaluation of Faculty: Linguistic and Axiological Perspective." Prepodavatel XXI vek, nr 2/2 (30.03.2023): 421–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2073-9613-2023-2-421-433.
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The article considers a speech genre borrowed from American and Western European educational tradition, which is an axiologically oriented text of a student’s comment on the teacher. The article continues the study of evaluative speech genres of educational discourse, considering the problem of speech genre borrowing from an axiological perspective. The aim of this study is a linguistic and axiological analysis of students’ public evaluative utterances commenting on their attitude to teaching. Speech borrowing is one of the least studied problems in linguistics, which determines the relevance of the present study along with the importance of the sphere of education itself for the culture of society as a whole. Based on the communicative and semiotic concept of speech genre, the author identifies and analyzes the value aspects of student evaluation of teaching quality, identifies general and national specific features of English- and Russian-language evaluation texts, identifies and describes factors of conflictogenic evaluative statements of this genre, distinguishing features of functioning of pragmatic category of categorization in Russian- and English-language evaluative texts. The article reveals the absence of clear speech-genre criteria in Russian students’ evaluative comments unlike in English-language practices, which can be explained by the fact of speech genre borrowing and the lack of relevant speech-genre competence in the Russian-language educational discourse. The article considers the linguistic and ecological aspect of this speech genre from moral and ethical and legal points of view. The article reveals the dependence of the linguistic form of conceptualization of negative evaluation on communicative and ethical competence, the formation of which depends on the conceptual certainty of the speech genre. The author concludes that the utilitarian and pragmatic borrowing of communicative patterns from a foreign culture can be a threat to the spiritual and moral state of society.
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Kovtun, Oksana. "ASPECTS OF NUMERAL RESEARCH IN UKRAINIAN LINGUISTICS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY". Theory and Practice of Teaching Ukrainian as a Foreign Language, nr 18 (30.05.2024): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/ufl.2024.18.4406.
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The article is dedicated to interpreting the modern understanding of numerals as a part of speech through the prism of both traditional and contemporary grammatical frameworks and new scientific paradigms. It is demonstrated that despite the peripheral nature of this linguistic component, research aspects related to the study of numerals are far from being exhausted today. In the 20th century, numerals were predominantly examined within a focus on traditional grammar and functional grammar, establishing both broad and narrow understandings. In the 21st century, numerals have started to be studied within the realms of the pragmatic, linguocognitive, and linguoconceptual knowledge paradigms, particularly within the perspectives of the emerging linguistic directions such as the poetic grammar, the theory of precedentness, the discourse linguistics, the morphology of evaluation, the grammatical stylistics, as well as the comparative-historical and comparative-contrastive linguistics. It has been established that Ukrainian researchers pay attention to the peculiarities of English numerals, which is associated with its globalization function, and conduct a comparative analysis of the Ukrainian numeral with the English numeral. They also update works on the uniqueness of expressing the concept of quantity through different linguistic units. Separate studies focused on the study of the English numeral are proposed, which is important since English is practically a mandatory subject in secondary schools and universities in Ukraine. Therefore, such research has great significance not only for linguistics but also for didactics. It is noted that the Ukrainian numeral possesses significant potential for modelling evaluative meanings, expression, and artistic linguistic devices. The pragmatic power of certain numerals has been noted, as they have the ability to serve as markers of imagery, emotionality, axiology, expressiveness, and the idiolect of the writer in general. The perspective of research outlined includes the necessity of conducting comparative studies of Ukrainian and English languages, particularly focusing on the morphology of evaluation. Key words: grammar, evaluative meanings, modern scientific trends, numeral, functional load.
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Bauer, Laurie. "Evaluative Morphology". Studies in Language 21, nr 3 (1.01.1997): 533–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.21.3.04bau.
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Various claims from the previous literature about the way in which evaluative morphology (particularly diminutives and augmentatives) operates are tested on a large sample of languages. Evaluative morphology is seen as being less morphologically marginal than has been implied in some of the recent literature, but nevertheless as showing some interesting cross-linguistic tendencies.
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Carenini, Giuseppe, i Johanna D. Moore. "Generating and evaluating evaluative arguments". Artificial Intelligence 170, nr 11 (sierpień 2006): 925–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2006.05.003.
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Kondratenko, Polina I. "“The main drawback of the book originates from its main advantage”: the evaluation strategy of polarity compensation in the reviews of German and Russian linguists". Neophilology, nr 3 (2022): 530–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2022-8-3-530-539.
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The purpose of the study is to analyze clusters of statements embedded in the evaluative strategy of polarity compensation in German and Russian academic reviews in Linguistics. Moreover, the article is aimed at identifying linguistic and cultural differences determining the usage of this evaluative strategy. The most typical feature established for the strategy under consideration roots in the balancing positive and negative assessments. For the first time, the analysis takes into account the variability of the polarity compensation strategy depending on specific patterns of the interaction between positively and negatively polarized assessments in clusters. The study carried out shows that the polarity compensation in evaluative acts accomplished in academic linguistic reviews can function as a macro-strategy of expert evaluation. Single assessments embedded in polarity compensation strategy can be implied as a recommendation, (dis)agreement with the author, proof by contradiction. The article describes the results of a comprehensive socio-communicative and discursive study of expert evaluation acts. Qualitative and quantitative analysis leads to description of the polarity compensation mechanism as well as to elicitation of lexical and grammatical means typical of this strategy. Interpretation of the statistical data processing allows us to draw conclusions about culturally specific trends in the use of the polar compensation strategy by German and Russian reviewers.
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Phongjit, Wichanon, i Chanika Gampper. "That- stance Found in Discussion Sections in Applied Linguistics Research Articles". Arab World English Journal 14, nr 2 (24.06.2023): 268–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol14no2.19.
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This study identified the use of evaluative ‘that’ stance embedded in rhetorical move structures in applied linguistics research articles in discussion sections written in English and published in international and Thai journals. The study aimed to investigate the uses of the evaluative ‘that’ stance in discussion sections for observing the evaluative ‘that’ stance practices in both international and Thai journals. The data was gathered from 80 research articles. The rhetorical moves from the discussion sections were analyzed. Occurrences of the evaluative ‘that’ stance were identified and counted within the embedded rhetorical move-step. The results revealed that international journals and Thai authors employed a similar amount of evaluative ‘that’ stances, although they occurred in different moves and steps. The International authors used an evaluative ‘that’ stance for commenting on results, whereas Thai journal authors tended to use an evaluative ‘that’ stance for reporting results. In the subtypes of evaluative ‘that’ stance, Doubt stance was heavily used in move four: commenting on the results from the international corpus. The findings confirmed that Certainty stance was found in the same contexts from both corpora. Surprisingly, the international journal authors tended to use only a few instances of Neutral stance for commenting on the results. The findings show the differences in the common convention between both journals that could provide information in terms of how the discussion section moves and the evaluative ‘that’ stance presented to help novice EFL scholars to write discussions that comply with international conventions.
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Mubarok, Tyas Alhim. "An Analysis of Linguistic Features of Evaluative Stance Found in Research Articles’ Introduction". Briliant: Jurnal Riset dan Konseptual 6, nr 4 (30.11.2021): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.28926/briliant.v6i4.753.
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This study aims to identify the use of linguistic feature of evaluative stance found in research articles’ introduction. There are certain linguistic features that indicate evaluative stance. That is how writers position themselves in their writing. By knowing those items, it can be known how the authors provide words usage to produce effective meaning. This study focuses on the use of epistemic modality, extraposed ‘ít’, communication verb, and personal pronoun. The method of this study applied both quantitative and qualitative research method. The data were gained from research article written in English limited in introduction section that taken from international journal of Journal of Development Research. The result showed that all of type of linguistic feature of evaluative stance found in introduction of articles. The most frequent used is personal pronoun. Then followed by epistemic modality, extraposed ‘it’ and the lowest is communication verb. This study is expected to provide more insightful reference in the field of linguistics study.
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Partington, Alan. "Evaluative clash, evaluative cohesion and how we actually read evaluation in texts". Journal of Pragmatics 117 (sierpień 2017): 190–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2017.06.008.
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Pavić Pintarić, Anita. "Übersetzung der Bewertung in literarischen Dialogen". Lebende Sprachen 63, nr 1 (3.04.2018): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/les-2018-0009.
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AbstractThis paper deals with the analysis of evaluative expressionsgutandschlechtin the corpus of dialogues from the novel „Herr der Diebe“ by Cornelia Funke. The hypothesis was thatgutandschlechtalways have an evaluative function and that they are linked with emotions as the background of evaluation. Evaluative expressions are described on the following levels: first, it is shown what is evaluated with these adjectives. The application of the appraisal theory by Martin and White (2005) shows which categories the evaluation collocations refer to. Finally, the translation of evaluative expressions from the source text into the target text in Croatian is investigated.
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Kondratenko, Polina I. "TYPOGRAPHICAL MARKERS OF EMOTIONALITY USED IN EXPRESSION OF EXPERT EVALUATION IN GERMAN AND RUSSIAN REVIEWS IN LINGUISTICS". German Philology at the St Petersburg State University 12 (2022): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu33.2022.105.
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This article explores the involvement of typographical means in the construction of evaluative meanings in expert scientific discourses. A qualitative context-semantic, axiological, and grapholinguistic analysis was carried out on the basis of 50 German and 50 Russian reviews in linguistics published in the period from 2016 to 2020 in high-ranking academic journals: Zeitschrift für Angewandte Linguistik, Zeitschrift für Rezensionen, Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft, Problems of Onomastics, Russian Journal of Linguistics, and Topics in the study of language. During the course of the study, typographical emotionality markers used by the authors of linguistic reviews were identified and classified. Conclusions are drawn regarding the involvement of the selected units in the typical evaluation strategies in linguistic reviews. Particular attention is paid to cases of communicative-functional transposition of visual-graphic emotionality markers. The prospects for future research include an investigation of a wider number of reviews chosen for the corpus in order to collect statistical data for aquantitative comparative analysis of typographically marked expert-evaluative statements. The novelty of the study is in the discussion of typographical means relevant for the texts that ensure effective professional communication in academia. The means of this nature are still insufficiently covered in the publications of Russian researchers. The results presented in this paper can contribute to the further study of the text types of scientific discourse in an interlingual and intercultural perspective and particularly to the study of the interaction of linguistic and typographical features used to construct an author’s identity in context.
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ISHCHENKO, IRINA G., i ELENA V. KONOPATSKAYA. "EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT MEANS OF REPRESENTING EVALUATION IN CNN.COM PUBLICATIONS ABOUT MIGRATION ISSUES". Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, nr 3 (2021): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2021_7_3_79_89.
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The article considers the category of evaluation in linguistics and the means of its representation. As an anthropocentric category, evaluation is an important element of a person's cognitive activity and is based on their value attitudes. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze explicit and implicit means of expressing evaluation in the articles on CNN.com dedicated to the issues of migration to the countries of the European Union and North America. In the experiment, content, definition and component analysis were used to study 84 publications for the period of 2019-2021. As a result, 617 examples of evaluation were identified. Among them, 367 examples were of explicit evaluation and 250 examples were of implicit evaluation. It was found that the evaluation in the analyzed material is mainly explicit in nature and it is expressed by lexical units with evaluative semantics. The implicit evaluation is based on the linguistic and extralinguistic context and is represented by various linguistic means: quotation, metaphor, phraseological units, antithesis, euphemisms. As the analysis has shown, the axiological characteristic is created with a complex of explicit and implicit evaluative means to implement the main function of the media to inform the audience and shape public opinion.
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Kulichenko, Yulia N., i Elena A. Kurchenkova. "Means of evaluation in environmental media discourse". Media Linguistics 10, nr 2 (2023): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2023.202.
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The purpose of the article is to describe and classify the linguistic means expressing evaluative meaning in the environmental media discourse. The objectives of the study include the identification of different means expressing evaluation in media texts devoted to environmental issues, identifying lexical items and stylistic devices for the formation of an evaluation strategy in modern media texts devoted to environmental issues, creating a typology of evaluative linguistic means in media environmental discourse. The method of component analysis of the lexical meaning of a word was used in the work, it enabled full understanding and characterization of lexical units with an evaluative component in their semantics. The method of content analysis of media texts made it possible to identify the pragmatic potential of axiological vocabulary used in Russian media texts dealing with environmental issues. The article considers the category of evaluation, which is universal for media discourse, and proposes a classification of linguistic means of expressing evaluative meaning in environmental media discourse. It is supposed to divide all linguistic means of expression of evaluative meaning into two main groups according to their positive or negative meaning. The authors carried out a detailed part-of-speech analysis of the lexical items of both groups, proposed their classification and analysed stylistic devices as a way of expressing a positive or negative connotation. The analysis showed that the most frequent among all the lexical items under consideration are adjectives with different meanings, which are widely used as a means of influence in the environmental media discourse and are capable of expressing ethical, aesthetic and rationalistic (utilitarian) assessment.
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Li, Jing, Lei Lei i Le Cheng. "Mapping Evaluation, Appraisal and Stance in Discourse (2000–2015): A Bibliometric Analysis". Glottotheory 10, nr 1-2 (25.02.2020): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glot-2019-0002.
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AbstractThe present study employs a bibliometric analysis to examine the research trends in the field of evaluation, appraisal and stance. The bibliometric information of publications between 2000 and 2015 was retrieved from the Web of Science SSCI Core Collection database. The indicators analyzed include the number of publications by year, most frequently explored topics, most cited works, major individual contributors, publication venues, distribution among countries/regions and institutions. Our findings showed that the annual publications increased dramatically, revealing an upward trend in this research field. The results concerning the most frequently addressed topics suggested that EAP has been a fruitful domain in terms of the evaluative dimension of discourse. Besides, future research will feature more discipline-specific and language-specific empirical studies and comparative cross-linguistic studies. Pedagogical applications of evaluation research also need to be explored. Citation results indicated that the groundbreaking monographs in this field generate the highest citation counts, and that the most cited works cover a variety of sub-fields of linguistics, which may further prove the heterogeneous nature of the evaluative dimension of language.
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Platunova, Tatiana, Ulyana Pleshivtseva i Tatiana Borodulina. "The Problem of Understanding the Evaluative Concepts of Civil Law: the Ratio of Natural and Legal Language". Legal Linguistics, nr 30(41) (29.12.2023): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/leglin(2023)3007.
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The article covers the problem of understanding evaluative concepts in civil law and legal linguistics. There have been attempts of civil studies to consider categories of evaluative concepts and propose their applied classifications. However, the problem of the presence and systematic interpretation of evaluative concepts in the legal sphere remains practically unresolved. In this article, we have made an attempt to identify the reason for the emergence and active use of evaluative concepts in civil law. This study answers the questions of what is meant by the concept of value in law and for what purpose it can be applied. We explored the main academic debate on the problem of evaluative concepts in law and linguistics, and then revealed that the evaluative concept is interpreted differently in these branches of knowledge and a possible convergence of understanding will cause great practical problems in law enforcement practice. The debate of linguists is caused by the basic idea that evaluative concepts have different, relative connotations, while lawyers strive to most clearly fix the phenomena of reality in evaluative concepts. The study identifies the characteristic features of evaluative concepts in the legal sphere and linguistics, which makes it possible to distinguish between interpretations.
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Shchipitsina, L. Yu. "Evaluation in the Professional Media Texts and Blogs". Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 18, nr 6 (2019): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-6-212-223.
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Purpose. The article focuses on the investigation of evaluation and its types in professional (quality press news texts) and non-professional media texts (blog posts) in Russian, German and English. A quantitative and qualitative evaluation analysis is proposed. For quantitative analysis, I propose the method of calculating the evaluative index of media text (the percentage of evaluative means, or evaluatives, to total words number in the text), and for qualitative analysis several types of evaluative contexts are differed and described. Results. The number of evaluation means and the evaluative index is a rather variable indicator, which depends on the length of the text, the subject of the message, the genre and the author's style. In general, blogs demonstrate a higher evaluative index than texts of professional media. The qualitative analysis shows, that in both professional and nonprofessional media texts the means of rational evaluation prevail. This can be explained by the fact, that journalists and bloggers seek for objectivity as well as by the variety of evaluated aspects in this case (object / subject of the action, its characteristics, the act itself, quantitative indicators, etc.). The number of emotional evaluation means is somewhat higher in blogs, where the authors are not bound by the requirements of editorial policy and choose the subject of the message themselves, which is very topical. The results of the analysis demonstrate a preference of emotive evaluatives with negative semantics, which is due to the wish of the journalists to reveal some negative aspects of the life. Conclusion. The study of evaluation in media texts, and especially the description of hidden evaluation mechanisms, seems to be very promising in media linguistics, because of its active usage and development nowadays and because of the need to develop critical thinking of each person who must see evaluative contexts and understand them.
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Yan Eureka Ho, Sin, i Peter Crosthwaite. "Exploring stance in the manifestos of 3 candidates for the Hong Kong Chief Executive election 2017: Combining CDA and corpus-like insights". Discourse & Society 29, nr 6 (8.10.2018): 629–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926518802934.
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While much work has been done on the textual analysis of political discourses in Western countries, relatively little has focused on electoral manifestos in the East. Manifestos are open extensive declarations of individual ideologies for campaigns, comprising small texts in terms of word count but with massive implications for voters’ perception of the candidates’ political leanings. Focusing on the manifestos produced by the three candidates for the Hong Kong Chief Executive Election 2017, this article compares the linguistic features of the written political evaluative stances of the candidates. Combining critical discourse analysis using the APPRAISAL model, with analyses traditionally associated with corpus linguistics including log-likelihood keyword analysis and statistically driven visualisations, we find clear differences between the candidates in terms of the allocation of evaluative resources in their manifestos, representative of the perceived evaluative stance of candidate. Our findings justify the use of corpus linguistic techniques as a complement to critical discourse analysis, even in data with small word counts (<5000), in situations where nuanced, micro-managed selection of language resources is crucial to the perception of stance in very high-stakes contexts.
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Syzonov, Dmytro. "Evaluation as category of modern phraseology". Actual issues of Ukrainian linguistics: theory and practice, nr 37 (2018): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apultp.2018.37.39-53.
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The article analyzes the category of evaluation as dominant characteristics of modern phraseology. A wide range of scientific views on evaluation within the framework of new linguistic directions (media linguistics, legal linguistics, suggestive linguistics, political linguistics, psycholinguistics etc.) is considered. The immanence of evaluation in modern linguistics has become particularly relevant in the theory of functionalism, where the evaluation of a phraseologism is judged as not an optional feature, but one which underlies its semantics. The evaluation, accordingly, is considered with respect to the initial emotional-expressive connotation of a phraseologism. It is proved that value parameters of phraseology are laid down in its communicative essence, as any phraseologism a priori carries some sort of evaluation. If we regard evaluation as an oppositional set of value orientations (good/evil, beautiful/ugly, interesting/uninteresting, many/few, etc.), we can define a phraseologism as a verbalized form of such oppositions in the communication process. Logically, when creating new phraseologisms (e.g. in mass communication) it is the category of evaluation that determines the vector of functioning of phraseology. Hence, media phraseology is a mirror image of sentiments and value beliefs of a certain society and is relevant in the time frame (which is an extralinguistic characteristics of a media phraseologism and a basis for its further functioning and mass reproduction). We have proven that phraseological evaluation is influenced by extralinguistic factors such as politics, culture, information technologies, etc. The emergence of a new phraseology is the result of evaluative reconsideration of traditional linguistic forms of certain industries – sports, arts, medicine, education, etc. Consequently, evaluation is a universal category of a phraseologism, considering the fact of formation of society’s values through language phenomena. The axiology of each phraseologism is determined in social parameters, where media remains the main tool for the retransmission of society’s value orientations through the means of language, the main of which are phraseologisms.
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Krasnobayeva-Chorna, Zhanna. "The Qualification of Value in a Linguistics". Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 10, nr 1 (30.06.2019): 453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.4537.
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The article establishes the constitutive features of value in a linguistics with the projection of the phrasemics of single-structured and multi-structured languages (based on the success value). The object is the category of value in its multilevel and multi-dimensional. The subject of the research is the phrasemes with evaluative semantics in the Ukrainian, Russian, English and German. The value in phrasemics is described by the method of parametric analysis of the phraseme semantic structure with accentuation of evaluative macrocomponent and the method of ideographic grouping. The basic unit of analysis is phraseme axiological opposition, regarded as a unity of two phraseme blocks: the first is formed by phrasemes, semantics of which correlates with the values, and the second is made up by phrasemes, semantics of which correlates with non-values. The nature of value provides for the appeal to the antinomy, thus actualizing the clash of axiological and non-axiological, compatible with the binary opposition of good – bad.
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Poole, Brian. "Corpus Approaches to Evaluation: Phraseology and Evaluative Language". System 39, nr 2 (czerwiec 2011): 266–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2011.04.006.
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Kononova, I. V., T. A. Klepikova i E. A. Klenova. "Expressing the Author's Position in the English-Language Network Film Review". Discourse 7, nr 6 (21.12.2021): 132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2021-7-6-132-145.
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Introduction. The article presents the results of the analysis of the author’s position verbalization methods in the English online professional film review addressed to the mainstream audience. The authors proceed from the position that the methods of subject verbalization are determined by functional characteristics of discourse. The relevance of the study is due to the interest of modern linguistics in the study of the subject factor in “personal” types of discourse. The paper considers the factor of the subject in the discourse, defines the concepts of authorization and its nomination, analyzes the role of identifying categories of subjective modality and describing prevalent evaluation types in the study of the author's position in evaluative genres.Methodology and sources. Research methodology is based on the approaches to classification of modus and evaluation types developed by N.D. Arutyunova. The methodology of describing the author's position in evaluative genres is proposed, which boils down to the following steps: identifying the leading linguistic means of self-nomination; displaying main genre-typical patterns of subject modality (modus types); describing evaluation semantics specificity and linguistic means of dominant evaluative meanings verbalization. The study was conducted on the material of the corpus of texts selected on the English-language portal metacritic.com which includes 50 professional film reviews addressed to a wide audience (39,765 words in length).Results and discussion. Based on the methods of quantitative and contextual analysis the distribution of modus types verbalized by “subject-predicate” models with personal subject-representing pronouns was carried out; the distribution of personal and possessive pronouns as the main method of self-nomination in the discourse of the network English-language professional film review was revealed; on the basis of the analysis of the semantics of evaluative adjectives of the corpus, the types of evaluative meanings in the genre under study were identified. The leading methods of discourse subject nomination were shown to involve the 1-st person pl. inclusive pronoun, which indicates the author’s intention to establish a connection with the reader and to increase the manipulative potential of the text. The main types of evaluative meanings verbalized by the corpora adjectives were identified, which are emotional, intellectual, aesthetic and regulatory types.Conclusion. The conducted research allowed us to conclude that the specificity of the expression of the author's position in professional network film review is reduced to the following characteristics: the dominant nature of the perceptual mode and the mental mode of knowledge in the field of subjective modality of texts; the predominance of first-person plural pronouns in an inclusive meaning as a means of self-nomination of the subject discourse and the dominance of partial-evaluative meanings over general-evaluative ones. The predominance of emotional-psychological and intellectual-psychological types of evaluation indicates the author's intention to express an individualized subjective-emotional opinion about the evaluated object.
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Myskow, Gordon. "A framework for analyzing evaluative language in historical discourse". Functions of Language 25, nr 3 (2.11.2018): 335–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.15053.mys.
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Abstract History texts are not just disciplinary artefacts for describing, explaining or making arguments about the past. They play a key role in defining present-day group identities and their terms of affiliation. As such, they have generated a great deal of interest among functional linguists interested in how ideology is construed through language. But the ways history texts evaluate the past is not straightforward; they include a complex interplay of discourse participants putting forward a range of views toward the subject-matter. This article presents a framework for investigating evaluative meaning in historical discourse that aims to untangle this complex web of voices, showing how they work together to position readers to take up particular views toward the past. The framework brings together two prominent approaches to the study of evaluation: Martin & White’s (2005) Appraisal framework and Hunston’s (2000) notions of Status Value and Relevance. It posits four levels of evaluation (inter-, super-, extra- and meta-evaluation) that are grounded in insights from the field of historiography and reflect key disciplinary activities of historians.
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Tokatova, Lyudmila E., i Atirkul E. Agmanova. "The paradigm of life in science: to the 60th anniversary of Z.K. Temirgazina". Neophilology, nr 23 (2020): 608–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2020-6-23-608-617.
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The work is dedicated to the anniversary of Professor Zifa Kakbaevna Temirgazina. Professor’s research activity is analyzed, that is connected to developing theoretical and applied questions of linguistics and its directions such as linguistic axiology, pragmalinguistics, linguistic gender studies, political linguistics, we show the scientist’s role in creating her own linguaxiological scientific school, we define her role in training scientific-pedagogical personnel for graduate school of Kazakhstan. Reviewing scientist’s works allows to demonstrate a new way to a category of assessment, that is developed in her research, the idea of it is to define syntactic method as the primary linguistic method of expression in this category – in evaluative statements. Based on the analysis of the scientist’s works that are dedicated to highly variegated language phenomena, we show multi-discipline characteristic of her scientific findings: language is viewed in immediate in-terdependence and correlation with cultural, historical, cognitional, psychological, communica-tional facts. The scientist’s research results became the foundation for emergence of linguaxiology and development of pragmalinguistics as modern scientific ways in linguistics of Kazakhstan and received further development in works of students of her scientific school.
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Plemenitaš, Katja. "Framing violence in presidential discourse". Ars & Humanitas 14, nr 1 (23.06.2020): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ars.14.1.139-155.
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The paper discusses the characteristics of modern American presidential political rhetoric with special reference to Barack Obama’s speeches in which he addressed the highly publicized killings of black Americans. Three of the analysed speeches contain Obama’s rhetorical reaction to the judicial decisions not to indict the police officers responsible for the killings, while one speech gives his immediate reaction to the mass murder of black parishioners by a white supremacist. The study is based on the discourse-linguistic analysis of attitudinal meanings and their functions, which are conceptualized as evaluative frames. Evaluative frames are used to highlight different kinds of discourse participants through judgments of behaviour, attributions of emotions and evaluations of semiotic phenomena and objects. The theoretical framework for the different categories of evaluative frames is based on the theory of news framing and theory of evaluative language within systemic-functional linguistics. The findings of the analysis show that Obama uses an interplay of positive and negative evaluations of different kinds to transcend racial categorizations and avoid a direct attribution of blame. When he acknowledges the continuing relevance of the racial divide in US society, he often applies evaluative frames in such a way that they unify rather than divide the discourse participants on both sides of the divide.
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Alonso-Belmonte, Isabel. "THE USE OF EVALUATIVE LANGUAGE IN EFL TEACHERS’ REFLECTIVE JOURNAL WRITING: A CORPUS BASED STUDY". Elia, nr 20 (2020): 47–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/elia.2020.i20.03.
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This article presents a computer-assisted discourse analysis of the main topics and evaluative parameters used by student teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in their reflective journals. By applying Bednarek’s parameter-based approach to the study of evaluation, 329 reflective journals (aprox. 90,000 words) were analyzed by using the UAM Corpus Tool. The correlation of three sources of data – topic analysis, evaluative parameters and keywords – allowed to uncover the most typical evaluative language choices made by EFL student teachers in their reflective journals and their overall evaluation of their training process during their practicum studies. Results show that most journal entries pivot around the figure of the secondary student of EFL and that student teachers feel confident enough as to explicitly assess products, performances, and human behavior along the emotivity and the expectedness parameters. Findings are discussed in relation to the development of the EFL student teachers’ professional teaching identity and on the contextual factors that promote it or hinder it.
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Kondratenko, Polina I. "EVALUATIVE (DE)INTENSIFIERS IN THE SERVICE OF POLITE ACADEMIC EXPERT COMMUNICATION: LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL SPECIFICS". German Philology at the St Petersburg State University 13 (2023): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu33.2023.103.
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The article actualises the connection between the category of politeness and the category of expert evaluation seen as a special discursive evaluation variety in the scientific and expert socio-communicative practice. (De)intensifiers of evaluation — lexical and grammatical means used for strengthening or softening of categorical character of evaluative statements in the academic reviews — are considered as elements of politeness strategies, aimed at maintaining of the reviewer’s and author’s image. The necessity of polite scientific expert communication is explained by the parameters of socio-communicative situation, in which academic journal reviews are embedded, first of all, by the fact that the new scientific knowledge presented in reviews has not yet been verified and is therefore particularly vulnerable to criticism. Due to image risks, reviewers are expected to perform cooperative communicative behavior in order to mitigate the effects of criticism. The study of evaluation (de)intensifiers as politeness markers is embedded in the modern discourse-linguistic and socio-communicative research paradigm. The research relevance is also explained by the insufficient comparative study of (de)intensification in the evaluative language. The qualitative-quantitative content analysis of 50 German- and Russian-language academic reviews in linguistics allows to highlight the means of (de)intensification of expert evaluation and to present them as center-periphery models (depending on the frequency of lexical and grammatical units in the data). In addition, the inclusion of these means into certain strategies of positive and negative politeness is considered. The hypothesis of linguistic and cultural specificity in the use of contextual (de)intensifiers of evaluation is confirmed.
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Chen, Zhen. "Narrative Analysis: An Analysis of Evaluative Devices in Chinese JFL Learners’ Oral Narratives". Theory and Practice in Language Studies 13, nr 6 (1.06.2023): 1530–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1306.22.
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Using the picture book “Frog, where are you?” (Mayer, 1969), this study investigated the frequency and linguistic forms of evaluative devices in narratives elicited from 29 Japanese native speakers and 28 upper-intermediate Chinese learners of Japanese. The findings show that the preferred evaluative devices style differed between Japanese native speakers’ and Chinese learners’ narratives. On the one hand, although Japanese native speakers provided more evaluative devices than Chinese learners of Japanese, the ratio of evaluative clause and evaluative expression was approximately 2:8 in the narratives of both. On the other hand, Japanese native speakers provided evaluative clauses from the characters’ perspectives to create multiple-voiced discourse, and used evaluative expressions such as modality expressions of value judgments to objectify the narration. To the contrary, Chinese learners of Japanese mainly provided information supplements in narrating event clauses, durative-descriptive clauses, and evaluative clauses, adding the expressivity of the language in narratives to ensure that the communication intentions were perceived by the audience.
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Guerra Lyons, Jesús David, i Valentina Concu. "Academic writing and identity: evaluative discourse in academic papers across cohorts of 20th century linguists". Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics 10, nr 1 (1.04.2024): 93–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jhsl-2022-0034.
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Abstract Using a cohort sequential quantitative design and evaluative features drawn from Systemic Functional Grammar, this study investigates diachronic variation in linguists’ use of evaluation to perform scholarly identities in English academic writing. More specifically, it focuses on the use of statements, commands, modality, comment assessment, and positive and negative lexis, in early and late career papers from 30 linguists born between 1905 and 1960. These linguists were grouped into three cohorts based on year of birth and studied in terms of variation along developmental and cross-generational timescales. Within the developmental timescale, scholars were found to use more evaluation in early career writing than in late career writing. Cohort-specific developmental changes are identified in the frequency of modality and comment assessment. Developmental and cohort-specific trends are found to occur within the backdrop of an overall decrease in the use of evaluative language within the discipline. Results point to a complex diachronic model of academic identity enactment in writing, whereby evaluative features pattern in similar or different ways depending on the timescale considered.
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Kotze, Haidee, Berit Janssen, Corina Koolen, Luka van der Plas i Gys-Walt van Egdom. "Norms, affect and evaluation in the reception of literary translations in multilingual online reading communities". Translation, Cognition & Behavior 4, nr 2 (14.12.2021): 147–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tcb.00060.kot.
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Abstract This article uses the Digital Opinions on Translated Literature (dioptra-l) corpus to study readers’ perceptions of and responses to translation in a naturalistic setting, focusing on the normative constructs or cognitive-evaluative templates they use to conceptualise, evaluate and respond to translations. We answer two main questions: (1) How visible, or salient, is the fact of translation to readers reading a translated literary text, and are there differences in the degree and nature of this visibility for different languages and translation directions? (2) What are the main concepts, and emotional and evaluative parameters that readers use to describe translated literary texts, and are there differences in these concepts and parameters when considered by different translation directionalities and genres? We make use of computational methods, including collocational network analysis, keyword analysis, and sentiment analysis to extract information about the salience of translation, and the networks of emotive and evaluative language that are used around the concept of translation. This forms the basis of our proposals for particular cognitive-evaluative templates.
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Ho, Mei-ching. "A corpus-pragmatics approach to evaluation in professor reviews". Concentric. Studies in Linguistics 48, nr 1 (2.05.2022): 114–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/consl.21010.ho.
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Abstract This study takes a corpus pragmatics approach to investigate the use of evaluative language in professor reviews, focusing on how review writers express evaluation through recurrent four-word sequences and the pragmatic functions of these sequences in positive and negative reviews on the website, RateMyProfessors.com. Based on an analysis of a 2.9-million-word corpus of free text comments, the findings indicate that positive reviews used more 4-grams, and more varied types, than negative ones. The 4-word sequences were found to carry out four pragmatic functions: attitudinal evaluation, reader engagement, referential expression, and discourse organization. While a similar distribution of the main functional categories was observed among the top 100 4-grams in both review types, with evaluative clusters being most predominant, distinctive intra-genre variations were found in the ways review writers employed different functional sub-categories. For example, positive reviews relied heavily on hedged suggestion 4-grams to engage readers, whereas negative reviews used directive 4-grams for the same purpose. These findings suggest the important role of multi-word sequences in the understanding of evaluative resources in professor reviews of different valence types.
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Dobrovol'skij, Dmitrij O., i Anna A. Zalizniak. "Evaluation as a Source of Deontic Modality". Critique and Semiotics 40, nr 1 (2022): 52–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2022-1-52-72.
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The present article discusses various types of the interaction of deontic modality and evaluation, based on the semantic shift “good → necessary”. Our source data are constructions with German modal verbs and their Russian translation models containing an evaluative component. Evaluative lexical units appear in translation mainly in place of the German verb sollen, which expresses a deontic modality based on the idea of a “right” course of events. In the Russian translation, the emphasis shifts to ‘good’, and the meaning ‘should’ is present in the form of an implicature, more or less conventionalized; that is why modal words can be translated by evaluative ones. We also consider the mechanisms of semantic derivation that ensure the appearance of units with evaluative semantics in translation in place of other modal verbs.
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Stepanov, Evgenii S. "Linguocultural evaluation specifics in German and Russian reviews on sociology". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 20, nr 1 (2023): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2023.107.
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The article raises the issue of linguocultural specifics of evaluation strategies in scientific expert practices of Russia and Germany. The relevance of the work is explained by its inclusion in the modern context of interdisciplinary studies and its focus on linguistic, sociolinguistic and linguoculturological aspects of examination of evaluative linguistic means. It is revealed that the communicative practice of scientific expertise is pivotal for verification and axiomatisation of scientific knowledge. The material for the study are German and Russian corpora of scientific sociology reviews, with the evaluation predication being chosen as the main analysis unit. The analysis of predications is carried out using qualitative and quantitative methods, including both statistical analysis of quantitative corpus data and their interpretation based on context, authorial intention and the type of specific evaluative meanings within the frame-work of real communicative practices. The novelty of the study consists in the identification of sociolinguistic features of rational and emotional evaluation procedures in scientific sociological discourse in Russia and Germany. It is found that German- and Russian-speaking reviewers use different specific evaluation strategies. Whereas in German-language sociological reviews, the focus is on rational evaluation by validity, clarity and completeness criteria for an objectively detached work examination, Russian reviewers widely use emotional evaluation to express their attitude and personal interest. German-language reviews are generally characterised by a significantly higher degree of evaluative saturation, with evaluations roughly equally distributed into the positive and negative groups, in contrast to Russian-language reviews, where negative evaluations are scarcely found.
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Alamri, Basim. "A Multidimensional Comparative Analysis of MENA and International English Research Article Abstracts in Applied Linguistics". SAGE Open 13, nr 1 (styczeń 2023): 215824402211456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221145669.
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By implementing Biber’s multidimensional analysis (MDA), the present study explored the linguistic co-occurrence patterns of English research article abstracts written by native speakers of Arabic authors residing in the Arab World and international authors from different contexts. The study analyzed three specialized corpora of 300 English abstracts in the field of applied linguistics. Each corpus comprised 100 abstracts named as Middle Eastern Arabs, North African Arabs (MENA), and international authors. Several linguistic features were extracted and tagged using Nini’s Multidimensional Analysis Tagger (MAT). Then, six dimensions representing several communicative functions were identified after conducting factor analysis. Overall, the study showed that the MENA Arabs abstracts tended to be more evaluative and currently information-focused, while the international abstracts showed more informational density features and narrative style. Finally, the study suggests pedagogical implications for raising the international community’s awareness of writing abstracts with linguistic features.
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Eid, Cynthia. "Flipped classroom – what feedback in the FFL classroom and how to assess the work of learners?" XLinguae 14, nr 4 (październik 2021): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2021.14.04.02.
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Assessment is not an additional act in the ecology of the classroom. Evaluative gestures, inseparable from those of education or training, encourage the practitioner to reflect on the scope of their actions and to consider the type of interaction that they promote in the classroom. If the flipped classroom uses summative assessment, the fact remains that the sinew of war is a formative assessment in the pedagogy of support, encouragement, and benevolence. We will see in this article what is the act of evaluating, the difference between evaluation of learning and evaluation of teaching by learners, and the different evaluation functions in a flipped classroom.
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Alba-Juez, Laura, i Félix Alba-Juez. "“Who am I?”". Pragmatics and Cognition 20, nr 3 (31.12.2012): 570–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.20.3.06alb.
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In this paper we study the connection between the use of evaluative language and the building of both personal and social identities, from the perspective of Dynamical System Theory. We primarily discuss two issues: 1) The use of evaluation (in the sense given to the term by Alba-Juez and Thompson (forthcoming)) as a means to the construction of both individual and group identities, thus exploring how the connection between linguistic choices and social identities is shaped by interactional needs for stancetaking. In order to illustrate this connection, we examine examples of the use of evaluative language in a web social network, and we analyze some of the discourse elements showing ways of positioning that act as catalysts for the emergence of a multifactorial dynamic system of identities. 2) The consideration of Dynamical System Theory (DST) as a theoretical framework for the modeling of language and identity. Although originally a mathematical theory, DST has been adopted by cognitive science as a valid framework for the study of cognitive phenomena, on the grounds that natural cognition is a dynamical phenomenon. Within the realm of (socio) linguistics and pragmatics, this study is to a certain degree in line with some recent studies such as Gibbs (2010), Geeraerts, Kristiansen and Peirsman (2010), or Moreno Fernández (2012). Thus, we herein focus on how linguistic evaluation intervenes in the intricate dynamical system of identity, and even though we do not engage in complex mathematical disquisition, we argue that the idea and philosophical foundation underlying DST can lead us towards the ‘integration’ of the complex equation of identity construction, and that consequently the field has great potential for further research.