Artykuły w czasopismach: „European colonisation”

1

Kremer, A., R. J. Petit i A. Ducousso. "Hybridisation and colonisation dynamics in European oaks". Botanical Journal of Scotland 57, nr 1-2 (styczeń 2005): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03746600508685090.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

2

Ignatius Nsaidzedze, Ignatius Nsaidzedze. "European Colonisation of Europe Versus European Colonisation of Africa and Other Continents, A Textual and Juxtapositional Study of Heart of Darkness". International Journal of English and Literature 8, nr 4 (2018): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijelaug20182.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

3

Beckles, Hilary Mcd. "Kalinago (Carib) Resistance to European Colonisation of the Caribbean". Caribbean Quarterly 38, nr 2-3 (czerwiec 1992): 1–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00086495.1992.11671757.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

4

McD. Beckles, Hilary. "Kalinago (Carib) Resistance to European Colonisation of the Caribbean". Caribbean Quarterly 54, nr 4 (grudzień 2008): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00086495.2008.11829737.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

5

Buchan, Bruce, i Linda Andersson Burnett. "Knowing savagery: Humanity in the circuits of colonial knowledge". History of the Human Sciences 32, nr 4 (21.07.2019): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695119838190.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

How was ‘savagery’ constituted as a field of colonial knowledge? As Europe’s empires expanded, their reach was marked not only by the colonisation of new territories but by the colonisation of knowledge. Path-breaking scholarship since the 1990s has shown how European knowledge of colonised territories and peoples developed from diverse travel writings, missionary texts, and exploration narratives from the 16th century onwards (Abulafia, 2008; Armitage, 2000; De Campos Françozo, 2017; Pratt, 1992). Of prime importance in this work has been the investigation of the pre-positioning of colonised peoples within categories derived from European traditions of historical, religious, legal, and political thought as either ‘savages’ or ‘barbarians’ (Richardson, 2018; Sebastiani, 2013).

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

6

Wilson, David. "European colonisation, law, and Indigenous marine dispossession: historical perspectives on the construction and entrenchment of unequal marine governance". Maritime Studies 20, nr 4 (4.11.2021): 387–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00233-2.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractEuropean colonisation played a fundamental role in Indigenous marine dispossession and the entrenchment of unequal and state-dominated marine governance regimes across diverse bodies of water. This article charts this process, utilising examples from waters and communities across the globe that experienced disparate forms of European colonisation and marine dispossession. These examples span between the sixteenth and twenty-first centuries and traverse waters from the Caribbean to Oceania. This long historical context is necessary to interrogating how colonisation has produced unequal access to marine space, resources, and decision-making in different ways through different methods across time and space, which continues to this day. One of the article’s main contentions is that marine dispossession played out vastly differently across each locale and that it is only with deep and highly localised historical study that the heterogenous impacts and ongoing legacies of colonisation on the marine rights, governance, and access of specific Indigenous Peoples and local communities can begin to be grappled with. While the rights of Indigenous Peoples and local communities to marine spaces and resources have received some affirmation within recent international legal instruments, including the protection of customary marine tenure and access to aquatic resources, there continues to be key constraints surrounding the definitions, representations, and jurisdictions of Indigenous or ‘customary’ marine rights as they have been codified or ‘recognised’ within national and interstate frameworks. This has led to fundamental challenges that need to be navigated time and time again in order to attain, claim, or protect Indigenous and ‘customary’ marine jurisdictions. As this article outlines, the emergence of these issues is intrinsically tied to the colonisation of terrestrial and marine spaces. To understand these ongoing struggles, we need to pay close attention to the deep entanglements of law, colonialism, and marine rights in the past and present.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

7

Barcaite, Egle, Arnoldas Bartusevicius, Rasa Tameliene, Mindaugas Kliucinskas, Laima Maleckiene i Ruta Nadisauskiene. "Prevalence of maternal group B streptococcal colonisation in European countries". Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 87, nr 3 (styczeń 2008): 260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016340801908759.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

8

Ibbotson, Anton, Jim Smith, Peter Scarlett i Miran Aprhamian. "Colonisation of freshwater habitats by the European eel Anguilla anguilla". Freshwater Biology 47, nr 9 (21.08.2002): 1696–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00930.x.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

9

Trotter, Robin. "Interpreting the Historical Landscape of Brisbane's Cubberla and Witton Creek Catchments". Queensland Review 8, nr 2 (listopad 2001): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600006851.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This study establishes an interpretive framework for historical landscape studies by exploring a specific suburban area in Brisbane and its changing landscape from European colonisation to the present day.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

10

Roper, L. H. "New Albion: Anatomy of an English Colonisation Failure, 1632–1659". Itinerario 32, nr 1 (marzec 2008): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300001698.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Where do episodes of colonising failure fit into the historiography of European expansion? Almost by definition, this field, especially those aspects of it concerned with colonial social formation, privileges the study of those colonies which became established. Nor does an enquiry into failure have much to offer to those who have adopted the increasingly popular “Atlantic” perspective on European overseas activity. The students in this school of thought stress the importance of the commercial and social links between European-American settlements, as well as with Africa and Europe. These were forged through the unprecedented movement of people and commodities generated by early modern overseas activity, especially across the Atlantic Ocean. These connections and the corresponding mingling of peoples from four continents constitute the key elements in the development of “modernity” and the creation of a manifestly new world.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

11

O'Brien, Allyson L., D. Jeff Ross i Michael J. Keough. "Effects of Sabella spallanzanii physical structure on soft sediment macrofaunal assemblages". Marine and Freshwater Research 57, nr 4 (2006): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05141.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Effective management of introduced species requires an understanding of their effects on native species and the processes that structure the habitat. The introduced European polychaete Sabella spallanzanii dominates epifaunal assemblages in south-eastern Australia, yet little is known about how it affects the structure of the surrounding assemblages. The present study investigated the differences between infaunal assemblages in the presence and absence of S. spallanzanii using clumps of real and mimic polychaetes. Both the real and mimic clumps had the same effect on an existing assemblage with fewer numbers of small crustaceans in the sediment under the clumps. The effects of S. spallanzanii on infaunal colonisation and larval abundances above and below the S. spallanzanii canopy were also investigated. Larval effects varied among taxa, depending on position (above and below the canopy) for bivalve larvae and presence/absence of S. spallanzanii for gastropod larvae. There was no effect of the S. spallanzanii clumps on infaunal colonisation. These results suggest that the effects of S. spallanzanii on larval abundances and colonisation may not be as significant as the effects on post-colonisation processes that structure macrofaunal assemblages in soft sediment habitats.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

12

Mirzekhanov, Velikhan. "Civilisation and the Excluded: Ideas and Practices of Differentiation in the Colonies during the Interbellum". ISTORIYA 13, nr 9 (119) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840022994-2.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

In this article the author analyses the complex nature of the relationship between Europeans and local populations in the colonies. The colonisation process implied an 'alliance' of political dominance and cultural hegemony. Colonisation was an exercise of power structured by distinctions. Although the Great War undermined the white man's civilising image, it by no means destroyed his civilising impulse. After 1918, all colonial powers gradually shifted to a “developmental” style and humanitarian rhetoric of colonial rule more in keeping with the spirit of the times. However, ideas and practices of differentiation, exclusion, segregation and everyday racism towards the indigenous population of the colonies continued to be normative. Opposition between Europeans and local populations thus remained characteristic of most colonial communities. The smooth operation of the system was conditioned by a clearly delineated divide between the coloniser and the colonised. Ideas of superiority and racial doctrines continued to shape the colonial situation in the 1920s and 1930s. Segregation and exclusion from political and social life of local elites and populations divided European colonial societies, at the heart of which was the indigenous type. It modestly participated in shaping their own destiny under the leadership of the colonisers, being one of the main elements of differentiation and exclusion in the colonies between the two world wars. Despite the active rapprochement and diversity of communicative practices between the 'men of empire' and the local non-European population in the colonies, there remained a clear caesura of the differences between them.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

13

Johnstone, Rachael Lorna. "Colonisation at the Poles: A Story of Ineffective Occupation". Yearbook of Polar Law Online 13, nr 1 (19.04.2022): 93–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116427_013010006.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Abstract This paper examines the legal concept of occupation of territory and its historic application to the Polar regions, to disclose the fallacies at the heart of the colonial projects at both Poles. It also considers how the increasing recognition of non-use value disrupts positivist accounts of occupation. The colonisation of populated lands was justified by European theories of property that insisted that effective occupation required both a psychological and a physical element. The psychological element of occupation requires the sovereign to engage in a legal fiction that it controls the land and exercises dominion over it but this conceit is not shared by Arctic Indigenous Peoples. The physical element of occupation according to the positivist account requires an owner or sovereign to transform the land in some physical manner. The self-serving European legal theories construed the Indigenous relationship with land as a non-relationship and declared it retrospectively terra nullius. According to their own laws, the colonisers declared their own sovereign authority over Indigenous territories, notwithstanding the existing civilisations. However, in the Polar regions, the colonisers themselves did very little in the way of physical occupation or transformation of the vast majority of the lands that they claimed. Colonisers demonstrated occupation through the naming of places, mapping, taking resources, building basic structures for shelter, and applying laws over their own people. But Indigenous Peoples had long been doing all those things in the Arctic. 20th century courts accepted that in territories remote from the colonising claimant with little or no population, the degree of physical occupation and exercise of jurisdiction could be very limited. However, they refused to consider the much longer and more extensive use and management by Indigenous Peoples. In the Antarctic, the territorial claims of the seven claimant states do not pivot on any real physical occupation or transformation of the land at all. This would have been impossible on any scale of significance, given the size and challenging climate of the continent at the time of European discovery. Today, the principles that govern the Antarctic continent favour non-use and a minimisation of impacts. At both Poles, justifications for the exercise of jurisdiction are increasingly based on promises to protect wilderness by minimising human impacts. Sovereignty is demonstrated through non-occupation in a complete reversal of the classical legal theory.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

14

Solana, Ana Crespo. "Reflections on Monopolies and Free Trade at the End of the Eighteenth Century: A Tobacco Trading Company between Puerto Rico and Amsterdam in 1784". Itinerario 29, nr 2 (lipiec 2005): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300023639.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Even after the passing of the ‘Free Trade’ acts in Europe and America between 1765 and 1803, colonisation still meant trade for European mercantile and maritime powers which were beginning to think of themselves as liberal in the politico-economic sense. As before, the only suitable way of obtaining profits appeared to be economic exploitation, albeit within a politico-institutional structure. This ideal had inspired the inflexible system that had dominated the relations of both Spain and Portugal with their respective transatlantic colonies. Likewise, ever since their first incursions into the New World, northern Europeans had encouraged the creation of commercial companies dedicated to monopolising any of the goods that colonies might possibly have to offer. Dutch, English and French merchants developed farreaching private and state programmes designed to direct trade and colonisation and to encourage the populating of the new lands. During the seventeenth century, some of these companies achieved considerable success. They were able to settle, with or without permission from the Spanish monarchy, in territories formally under Spanish control, such as Puerto Rico, Santo Domingo, coastal Venezuela or Guiana, regarded as areas eminently suited to business projects.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

15

Stewart, Alistair. "Responding to the Plight of Species and Landscapes". Australian Journal of Environmental Education 30, nr 1 (lipiec 2014): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aee.2014.36.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Have you heard of the White-footed Rabbit Rat, or the Christmas Island Pipistrelle? The White-footed Rabbit Rat was thought to be widespread in south-east Australia but became extinct within 3 decades of European colonisation (Tzaros, 2005). The Christmas Island Pipistrelle, a micro bat, is probably the most recent species to become extinct in Australia (Flannery, 2012).

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

16

Gonzales, Michael J. "Chinese Plantation Workers and Social Conflict in Peru in the late Nineteenth Century". Journal of Latin American Studies 21, nr 3 (październik 1989): 385–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00018496.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

As the world capitalist system developed during the nineteenth century non-slave labour became a commodity that circulated around the globe and contributed to capital accumulation in metropolitan centres. The best examples are the emigration of millions of Asian indentured servants and European labourers to areas of European colonisation. Asians replaced emancipated African slaves on plantations in the Caribbean and South America, supplemented a declining slave population in Cuba, built railways in California, worked in mines in South Africa, laboured on sugarcane plantations in Mauritius and Fiji, and served on plantations in southeast Asia. Italian immigrants also replaced African slaves on coffee estates in Brazil, worked with Spaniards in the seasonal wheat harvest in Argentina, and, along with other Europeans, entered the growing labour market in the United States. From the perspective of capital, these workers were a cheap alternative to local wage labour and, as foreigners without the rights of citizens, they could be subjected to harsher methods of social control.1

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

17

Norov, Batsaikhan, Binderiya Batsaikhan i Batchimeg Usukhbayar. "Mongol Familiarisation with European Medical Practices in the Nineteenth–Twentieth Centuries". Inner Asia 22, nr 2 (4.11.2020): 299–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340152.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Abstract It was primarily Russian activities in Mongolia between 1860 and 1921, reflecting its geopolitical interests, that introduced European medical practices to the Mongols. Competing alongside other European powers, the Russian Government capitalised on conditions within Mongolia to increase Mongolia’s dependency on Russia. Thus, the Russian government’s motives for medical intervention, like that of other European groups, were mainly political, economic and cultural. In the context of Buddhist dogmatism and the expansive territorial distances between the Mongols (a term this paper uses to encompass all people of Mongol ethnicity in northern and central Asia), the reluctance of Russian doctors to disseminate European medical knowledge prevented its spread into Mongolia. Medical intervention was primarily a method of colonisation justified through healthcare support. Ultimately the familiarisation of European medicine in Mongolia was the first crucial step towards the amalgamation of traditional Mongolian and European medical practices after the Mongolian People’s Revolution.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

18

Price, T. Douglas, i Hildur Gestsdóttir. "The first settlers of Iceland: an isotopic approach to colonisation". Antiquity 80, nr 307 (1.03.2006): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00093315.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The colonisation of the North Atlantic from the eighth century AD was the earliest expansion of European populations to the west. Norse and Celtic voyagers are recorded as reaching and settling in Iceland, Greenland and easternmost North America betweenc. AD 750 and 1000, but the date of these events and the homeland of the colonists are subjects of some debate. In this project, the birthplaces of 90 early burials from Iceland were sought using strontium isotope analysis. At least nine, and probably thirteen, of these individuals can be distinguished as migrants to Iceland from other places. In addition, there are clear differences to be seen in the diets of the local Icelandic peoples, ranging from largely terrestrial to largely marine consumption.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

19

Prista, Marta. "The social appropriation of the Portuguese inner colonisation in Boalhosa". SHS Web of Conferences 63 (2019): 09003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196309003.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Like other European regimes, the Portuguese Estado Novo (1933-1974) implemented an agricultural colonisation policy that, influenced by the ideals of modernism and neo-Physiocracy, aimed at economic development, social pacification and the fostering of national identities, resulting in the settlement and populating of modern rural landscapes. However, the Portuguese regime coped with an enduring financial crisis, and relied on an official nationalism built upon a conservative-traditional society under the union of God, fatherland, work and family. Unsurprisingly, Portuguese inner colonisation was comparatively small-scale, aimed at converting farmhands into rural homeowners, and its modernising experiments had limited impact on the landscape. However, landscape and place are not passive concepts. They concurrently build and are built by political and economic agencies, social negotiations, embodied experiences, plural meanings and affections. Looking into primary sources and the outcomes of a micro-ethnography in Boalhosa, this paper intersects official-written history and emotional-sensory memory to illustrate consistencies and dissonances between political and social actors’ representations of the Portuguese inner colonisation. Based on exploratory observations in Boalhosa, it argues that while the lack of political assertiveness may have curtailed the Portuguese project, it also favoured its social appropriation by local communities and economies within a contextualised historical spatial continuum.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

20

May, Helen. "Nineteenth century early childhood institutions in Aotearoa New Zealand: Legacies of enlightenment and colonisation". Journal of Pedagogy 6, nr 2 (1.12.2015): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jped-2015-0011.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Abstract The nineteenth century colonial setting of Aotearoa NZ is the most distant from the cradle of European Enlightenment that sparked new understandings of childhood, learning and education and spearheaded new approaches to the care and education of young children outside of the family home. The broader theme of the Enlightenment was about progress and the possibilities of the ongoing improvement of peoples and institutions. The young child was seen as a potent force in this transformation and a raft of childhood institutions, including the 19th century infant school, kindergarten, and crèche were a consequence. The colonisation and settlement of Aotearoa NZ by European settlers coincided with an era in which the potency of new aspirations for new kinds of institutions for young children seeded. It is useful in the 21st century to reframe the various waves of colonial endeavour and highlight the dynamic interfaces of being colonised for the indigenous populations; being a colonial for the settler populations; and the power and should be purposed of the colonising cultures of Europe. It can be argued that in the context of ECE neither the indigenous nor settler populations of Aotearoa NZ were passive recipients of European ECE ideas but, separately and together, forged new understandings of childhood and its institutions; enriched and shaped by the lessons learned in the colonial setting of Aotearoa NZ.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

21

Jacobs, J. Bruce. "The Rise of the Dutch Empire: the Broader Context of the Dutch Colonisation of Taiwan". International Journal of Taiwan Studies 2, nr 2 (9.09.2019): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24688800-00202008.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Unlike other European countries, Holland grew as perhaps the world’s first democracy with great wealth and relative egalitarianism, meritocracy rather than an aristocracy, and an absence of true monarchy. Holland’s great wealth also led to a worldwide colonial empire that competed with the other great European colonial empires. It was the Dutch who conquered Taiwan and brought the island under the first of six foreign colonial rulers. Like other colonial rulers around the world, the Dutch were racist, abused human rights, and indulged in slavery. Thus, although atypical at home, the Dutch in ruling their colonies, including Taiwan, were typical of colonial governments around the world.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

22

Sienaert, M., i L. Stiebel. "Writing on the earth: Early European travellers to South Africa". Literator 17, nr 1 (30.04.1996): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v17i1.583.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The issue of land in South Africa has always been problematic. This is to be expected in a country whose history has been one of colonisation, contested borders and, in the more recent apartheid past, of legalised removals of people from the land. In recent post-colonial theory too, the notion of spatiality has proved to be significant: to write a history of a country and its people is to write a spatial history through the processes of naming, mapping, classifying and painting. Our project in this article is to explore some of the ways in which early European travellers to South Africa traced their presence in this country, and in so doing began a chapter of “writing on the earth", the ideological marks of which linger on into this century.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

23

Montereale Gavazzi, Giacomo, Danae Athena Kapasakali, Francis Kerchof, Samuel Deleu, Steven Degraer i Vera Van Lancker. "Subtidal Natural Hard Substrate Quantitative Habitat Mapping: Interlinking Underwater Acoustics and Optical Imagery with Machine Learning". Remote Sensing 13, nr 22 (16.11.2021): 4608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13224608.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Subtidal natural hard substrates (SNHS) promote occupancy by rich benthic communities that provide irreplaceable and fundamental ecosystem functions, representing a global priority target for nature conservation and recognised in most European environmental legislation. However, scientifically validated methodologies for their quantitative spatial demarcation, including information on species occupancy and fine-scale environmental drivers (e.g., the effect of stone size on colonisation) are rare. This is, however, crucial information for sound ecological management. In this investigation, high-resolution (1 m) multibeam echosounder (MBES) depth and backscatter data and derivates, underwater imagery (UI) by video drop-frame, and grab sediment samples, all acquired within 32 km2 of seafloor in offshore Belgian waters, were integrated to produce a random forest (RF) spatial model, predicting the continuous distribution of the seafloor areal cover/m2 of the stones’ grain sizes promoting colonisation by sessile epilithic organisms. A semi-automated UI acquisition, processing, and analytical workflow was set up to quantitatively study the colonisation proportion of different grain sizes, identifying the colonisation potential to begin at stones with grain sizes Ø ≥ 2 cm. This parameter (i.e., % areal cover of stones Ø ≥ 2 cm/m2) was selected as the response variable for spatial predictive modelling. The model output is presented along with a protocol of error and uncertainty estimation. RF is confirmed as an accurate, versatile, and transferable mapping methodology, applicable to area-wide mapping of SNHS. UI is confirmed as an essential aid to acoustic seafloor classification, providing spatially representative numerical observations needed to carry out quantitative seafloor modelling of ecologically relevant parameters. This contribution sheds innovative insights into the ecologically relevant delineation of subtidal natural reef habitat, exploiting state-of-the-art underwater remote sensing and acoustic seafloor classification approaches.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

24

Proćków, Małgorzata, Kamil Konowalik i Jarosław Proćków. "Contrasting effects of climate change on the European and global potential distributions of two Mediterranean helicoid terrestrial gastropods". Regional Environmental Change 19, nr 8 (25.11.2019): 2637–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-019-01573-w.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractPredicting the impacts of global climate change on the current and future distribution of alien or endangered species is an essential subject in macroecological studies. Although several investigations have been devoted to animal and plant species, few have addressed terrestrial gastropods. We employed spatial distribution modelling to construct European and global potential distribution ranges of two land snails (Cernuella virgata and Hygromia cinctella) using current and future climate scenarios. Both species have been continuously spreading northward from the Mediterranean region, also being introduced to a few areas outside Europe. We found that under the current climate scenario, most presently occupied areas in Europe are also at high probability of future occurrence of these species. However, under four future climatic conditions, these snails will undergo contrasting scenarios. C. virgata will have a large potential gain, likely due to rising temperatures and its weak fluctuations. In this species, global warming increases in potential area size, accompanied by its morphological and physiological adaptations to arid conditions and the ability to passively disperse, are likely to facilitate invasion into new regions of the world. In contrast, there is no significant change in the geographical distribution of colonisation-prone areas for H. cinctella. Our results demonstrate that wetter climatic conditions in the driest season and greater temperature variability will be key limiting factors of its distribution in the future. An understanding of colonisation patterns can help to better manage these invaders and also to formulate policies for their control.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

25

Collins, Deirdre, i Thomas Riley. "Clostridium difficile in Asia: Opportunities for One Health Management". Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 4, nr 1 (28.12.2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4010007.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Clostridium difficile is a ubiquitous spore-forming bacterium which causes toxin-mediated diarrhoea and colitis in people whose gut microflora has been depleted by antimicrobial use, so it is a predominantly healthcare-associated disease. However, there are many One Health implications to C. difficile, given high colonisation rates in food production animals, contamination of outdoor environments by use of contaminated animal manure, increasing incidence of community-associated C. difficile infection (CDI), and demonstration of clonal groups of C. difficile shared between human clinical cases and food animals. In Asia, the epidemiology of CDI is not well understood given poor testing practices in many countries. The growing middle-class populations of Asia are presenting increasing demands for meat, thus production farming, particularly of pigs, chicken and cattle, is rapidly expanding in Asian countries. Few reports on C. difficile colonisation among production animals in Asia exist, but those that do show high prevalence rates, and possible importation of European strains of C. difficile like ribotype 078. This review summarises our current understanding of the One Health aspects of the epidemiology of CDI in Asia.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

26

Kangira, Jairos. "Editorial note". Journal of African Languages and Literary Studies 1, nr 3 (1.12.2020): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2633-2116/2020/v1n3a0.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The themes of colonisation and decolonisation dominate in this issue of JoALLS. The colonisation of African communities by European forces was so inhuman and brutal that it left skeletons of African people littered in affected areas on the continent. The trails of murder, massacre, plunder and displacement of defenceless and innocent Africans by marauding, bloodthirsty colonialists are unsavory, heart-rending and disgusting. The crucial role literature plays in documenting the trials and tribulations of Africans cannot be overemphasized. The historical novel and (auto) biography have always become handy in this regard, although caution should be taken on which perspective they are framed. As you read this issue, you will realise that the words 'Germans' and 'genocide' are what linguists call 'collocates'; in other words, you cannot talk of one of these two words without the other as the Germans' heinous crimes were meant to decimate the Herero and Nama populations of Germany South West Africa, now Namibia. The violence against the indigenous African people was not only frightening but also sickening.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

27

Raissouni, Iman. "Authoritative Structures of British Feminist Colonial Discourse: Emily Keen’s Travel Narrative My Life Story as a Case Study". International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, nr 6 (29.06.2021): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.6.4.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This paper analyses the representation of Morocco by a British female traveller during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Emily Keen’s My Life Story attempts to set out the conditions in which women travelled and translated the reception of their experiences into autobiographies in their native countries, breaking down the boundaries of space and time to discover and interpret the discourse that traverses the writer’s narrative. The endeavour is to show how what was imagined about the country, what was a fantastic legend about Morocco, what started as an innocent story and literary entertainment for British readers, built up to make an authoritative discourse of colonisation. My intention and method go so far as to broaden the range of issues connected to travel writing. These issues include gender, race, identity, and personal experience, etc. Through this lens, I argue that such writers were conscious and unconscious informants preparing the way for the European colonisation of the country; they are the living witnesses of an evolution through which a culture was forced to open itself to foreign powers.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

28

Blyton, Greg. "Seeds of Myth: Exotic Disease Theory and Deconstructing the Australian Narrative of Indigenous Depopulation". Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 38, S1 (2009): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/s1326011100000788.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractThe theory that the rapid depopulation of Indigenous people post-colonisation was largely caused by European introduced or exotic disease to which Indigenous people had no immunity resonates through most narratives of the early years of colonisation. The question of whether this narrative is based on sound medical evidence or is better placed in the realm of myth is the subject of this paper. Here I contend, that introduced disease is little more than a convenient explanation of the rapid depopulation of Indigenous people in south eastern New South Wales during the nineteenth century, and one that allows the illusion of colonial ethnography to perpetuate a widespread belief that introduced diseases and immunity were the unfortunate, but unavoidable cause of most Indigenous population decline. But what is the evidence that these disease theories found in Australian history are anything more than Eurocentric constructions? An Indigenous approach to the topic, as undertaken in this paper, raises questions that are as yet without answers and which challenge conventional theoretical explanations.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

29

HA, POLLY. "Godly Globalisation: Calvinism in Bermuda". Journal of Ecclesiastical History 66, nr 3 (26.06.2015): 543–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046914001262.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This article explores the reception of the European Protestant Reformation in the British Atlantic using the early Bermudan Church as a case study. It offers an alternative model for Puritan colonisation which was driven by a reformed vision for godly globalisation and evangelisation rather than flight from persecution in England. By shedding light on ecclesiastical ties between the reformed Churches on the continent and the British Atlantic, it extends the ideological foundations for the establishment of British America beyond the theories of empire and economic opportunism usually addressed by historians.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

30

Grewal, Shivdeep Singh. "The Paradox of Integration: Habermas and the Unfinished Project of European Union". Politics 21, nr 2 (maj 2001): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9256.00142.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

In a recent article Jürgen Habermas (1999) highlighted the potential for the European Union to act as a vehicle for the extension of democratic governance beyond the nation state, a project aimed at limiting the socially corrosive impact of globalisation. Yet this position appears paradoxical as the European Union itself exacerbates a major aspect of globalisation: the emasculation of national parliaments known as the ‘democratic deficit’. This paradox can be understood by analysing the dynamics of post-war European integration through the lens of Habermasian social theory: EU evolution can lead either to the colonisation of the lifeworld by market and administrative subsystems (as with the democratic deficit), or to a process of lifeworld rationalisation conducive to pan-European solidarity and democracy. The latter of these tendencies could be encouraged through ‘procedural democracy’: this would institutionalise the conditions by which independent associations in European civil society, channelling their ‘communicative power’ through parliament, might reassert control over the two subsystems. In order to retain legitimacy, procedural EU democracy would have to link existing legislatures to the European Parliament, while citizenship would combine national and civic components. Hence the European Union would be more able than the nation-state to combine universal notions of justice with ethical pluralism.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

31

Vecchioni, Luca, Federico Marrone, Simone Costa, Calogero Muscarella, Elena Carra, Vincenzo Arizza, Marco Arculeo i Francesco Paolo Faraone. "The European Pine Marten Martes martes (Linnaeus, 1758) Is Autochthonous in Sicily and Constitutes a Well-Characterised Major Phylogroup within the Species (Carnivora, Mustelidae)". Animals 12, nr 19 (23.09.2022): 2546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12192546.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

No molecular data are currently available for the Sicilian populations of the European pine marten Martes martes, thus preventing any sound inference about its native or non-native status on the island, as well as the local phylogeography of the species. In order to investigate these issues, we sequenced two mtDNA markers in road-killed specimens collected in Sicily. Both markers consistently demonstrated the existence of a well-characterised Sicilian clade of the species, which is endemic to the island and constitutes the sister group of a clade including the Mediterranean and Central–North European major phylogroups of the European pine marten. Such evidence supports the autochthony of Martes martes in Sicily and points to a natural Pleistocene colonisation of the island followed by isolation. The occurrence of a, to date undetected, major phylogroup of the species in Sicily calls for the dedicated monitoring of the Sicilian populations of the species in order to preserve this evolutionarily significant unit.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

32

Hicks, Barry J., Brettney L. Pilgrim i H. Dawn Marshall. "Origins and genetic composition of the European fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Newfoundland, Canada". Canadian Entomologist 146, nr 4 (7.01.2014): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2013.81.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractThe European Fire Ant, Myrmica rubra (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), is an invasive stinging ant that has only recently been recorded in Newfoundland, Canada. The goal of the present study was to investigate the origins of M. rubra ants in Newfoundland. We analysed mtDNA sequences from the cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase I genes of ants from six localities in Newfoundland, and neighbouring regions of eastern Canada and the United States of America, and compared them with mtDNA data from a recent wide-scale phylogeographical study of the ant throughout Europe. There is evidence for at least four distinct sources of ants on the island. The putative routes of colonisation of the ant to Newfoundland are discussed, as are the possible reasons why it went undiscovered for many decades.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

33

Traore, Moussa. "Europe’s Representation of Africa and Africans, African- Americans and Asians in Its Imperialistic Explorations and Colonization as It Appears in Literary Texts". Abibisem: Journal of African Culture and Civilization 5 (1.12.2012): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47963/ajacc.v5i.856.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

In order to justify their annexation and subsequent subjugation and colonisation of Africa, the America and Asia, European imperalist nations had to depict Africa in a way that supported their missions. First, Africa had to be portaryed as a savage continent that needed the benevolence of the white man in order to attain civilisation. Second, Africa and the Americas had to be depicted as virgin lands that could provide all the raw materials that modern Europe needed for its indsutrial take-off. Third, one of the characteristics that was used in that project was that of the African man in genral and the "black" man in particular as a dangerous beast that is always in hot pursuit of the white woman's virginity. As a consequnence, the black man in Africa and in America had to be kept under constant check. This paper examines the problem whihc is represented by the fallacies put forth by Europe or the gap between the apologia and the reality in modern Europe's subjugation of the territories that it needed to posses for its own survival. The paper castigates the injustice and cruelty behind European colonisation and it also stresses the negative impact of such representations on today's post colonial citizens. Library research is the main approach. The main literary materials used are the racist and anti-racist texts and movies on Africa. Emphasis is laid on ideology and characterisation. Post colonial and Marxist Literary and Cultural theory and disaporan theory inform the research.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

34

SOTO COMPANY, RICARD, i ANTONI MAS FORNERS. "Feudal colonisation and socio-ecological transition in Mayûrqa (Muslim Majorca) in the thirteenth century". Continuity and Change 30, nr 3 (grudzień 2015): 341–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416015000375.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

ABSTRACTThe feudal colonisation of the Island of Majorca, traditionally considered part of the Spanish ‘Reconquista’, must be included in the greater process of European feudal expansion. The island was inhabited by people living in a Muslim society, not a feudal one. The conquest by Catalan lords meant the imposition of a new feudal class structure and a new use of natural resources on the conquered land. We summarise the composition and evolution of the three main components of this top-down imposed feudalism: the Muslim populations conquered and enslaved, the Catalan settlers and the entirely new agricultural landscape they created.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

35

Beattie, James. "Fashioning a future Part II: Romanticism and conservation in the European colonisation of Otago, 1840–60". International Review of Environmental History 7, nr 2 (23.11.2021): 97–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/ireh.07.02.2021.04.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

36

Whitehouse, Hilary. "Talking Up Country: Language, Natureculture and Interculture in Australian Environmental Education Research". Australian Journal of Environmental Education 27, nr 1 (2011): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600000070.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractAustralia is an old continent with an immensely long history of human settlement. The argument made in this paper is that Australia is, and has always been, a natureculture. Just as English was introduced as the dominant language of education with European colonisation, so arrived an ontological premise that linguistically divides a categorised nature from culture and human from “the” environment. Drawing on published work from the Australian tropics, this paper employs a socionature approach to make a philosophical argument for a more nuanced understanding of language, the cultural interface and contemporary moves towards interculture in Australian environmental education practice.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

37

CLARK, A. KIM. "Racial Ideologies and the Quest for National Development: Debating the Agrarian Problem in Ecuador (1930–50)". Journal of Latin American Studies 30, nr 2 (maj 1998): 373–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x98005082.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

During an economic crisis in Ecuador, three models of and solutions to the agrarian problem were proposed. A peasant path of agricultural development was formulated by peasant leaders and socialist activists. A large-landholder model was promoted by modernising large landowners. A medium-landholder model was advanced by promoters of European immigration and urban mestizos seeking land through state colonisation projects. The adherents of each approach identified certain groups as the cause of low agricultural productivity and national crisis, articulating racial ideologies by defining those groups as inherently ‘traditional’, and thus debating the boundaries of inclusion to the national community.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

38

Brady, Veronica. "Towards an Ecology of Australia: Land of the Spirit". Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 3, nr 2 (1999): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853599x00117.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractEcology has to do with the realisation of the relationships between human beings and the larger fabric of life. But the strangeness of the Australian environment as seen by the first European settlers, together with the exploitative ideology of colonisation, have posed particular problems for the development of ecological awareness. This paper argues, however, that writers, painters and musicians have kept the possibility of developing ecological awareness open from the beginnings of settlement. It also maintains that increasing sensitivity to the significance of Aboriginal culture, the oldest living culture on earth, will be perhaps the most crucial factor in this transformation.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

39

Murzyn-Kupisz, Monika, i Magdalena Szmytkowska. "Studentification in the postsocialist context: The case of Cracow and the Tri-City (Gdansk, Gdynia and Sopot)". Geografie 120, nr 2 (2015): 188–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2015120020188.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

For over a decade, the term studentification has been used to denote the process of urban changes linked with the presence of student populations in urban centres. This text broadens the geographic scope of research into studentification using two Polish metropolitan areas as case studies, analysing and comparing research results to existing findings referring to Western European and Anglo-Saxon settings. Using the example of Cracow and the Tri-City (Trójmiasto), two significant centres of higher education in Poland, the paper presents empirical evidence indicating that while some aspects of students’ impact on Polish cities are similar to trends observed in Western Europe and non-European Anglo-Saxon countries, the colonisation of Polish cities by students nonetheless displays some unique features strongly influenced by the post-socialist context in which such cities and their student populations function.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

40

Farooq, Sardar Ahmad, Amara Akram i Arshad Nawaz. "Grappling with Environmental Crisis: An Eco-critical Study of Momaday's House Made of Dawn". Global Language Review VI, nr II (30.06.2021): 276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2021(vi-ii).29.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The present paper examines the exploitation of nature and its effect on Native Americans, who not only identify themselves with nature but also have a life-sharing bond of interdependence with it.The European colonisation not only displaced the Native Americans from their homeland but also exploited their resources. The destructive activities of the European colonizers wreaked a rift between Native Americans and their environment. Keeping these issues in view, Momaday depicts in House Made of Dawn the importance of restoring the Native Americans' lost identity by challenging the Euro-Americans' relegation of nature and Native Americans to a lower stratum to be destroyed and dominated. To restore his lost identity and peace of mind, Abel, the protagonist of the novel comes back to the natural world of his forefathers from the exploitative European environment. There search findings indicate the selected novel as a redressing measure to the existing environmental problems and advocates the cause of embracing the lost socio-cultural values of the Natives' ancestors that are rooted in nature.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

41

Thiv, Mike, Manuela Gouveia i Miguel Menezes de Sequeira. "The Madeiran laurel forest endemic Goodyera macrophylla (Orchidaceae) is related to American orchids". Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 78, nr 2 (20.12.2021): e116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2605.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Macaronesian laurel forests harbour many herbs and laurophyllous trees with Mediterranean/European or Macaronesian affinities. Traditionally, the origin of these taxa has been explained by the relict hypothesis interpreting these taxa as relics of formerly widespread laurel forests in the European continent and the Mediterranean. We analysed the phylogenetic relationships of the Madeiran laurel forest endemic Goodyera macrophylla (Orchidaceae) using sequences from the nuclear ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) and plastid DNA regions. The results were incongruent, either the two Central American G. brachyceras and G. striata (ITS) or the North American G. oblongifolia (plastid DNA) were sister group to G. macrophylla. Nonetheless, biogeographic analyses indicated an American origin of this nemoral laurel forest plant in the two data sets. Molecular clock analyses suggest a colonisation of Madeira in the span of the upper Miocene/lower Pliocene to the Pleistocene. Although the relict hypothesis cannot be ruled out by our data when assuming extinction events on the European and northern African mainland, dispersal from Central or North America to the archipelago of Madeira is a much more likely explanation of the data.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

42

Genner, Martin J., Robert Hillman, Matthew McHugh, Stephen J. Hawkins i Martyn C. Lucas. "Contrasting demographic histories of European and North American sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence variation". Marine and Freshwater Research 63, nr 9 (2012): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12062.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Populations of anadromous sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) have been found to be largely genetically homogeneous across western Europe, and across the eastern seaboard of North America. However, comparatively little is known of the relationship between the European and North American populations. We quantified the extent of population structuring present over a transatlantic scale using mitochondrial DNA sequences. We found clear segregation of the populations on either side of the Atlantic, and considerable genetic homogeneity within Europe over a spatial scale of over 2000 km. The North American populations contained larger genetic diversity than those from Europe, and coalescent analyses showed a corresponding greater overall effective population size. Employing calibration points based on a dated phylogeny of the Petromyzontiformes, our analyses indicated that the North American population has been increasing in effective size since establishment ~500 000 years ago, while the total European population has only undergone population expansion only within the last 125 000 years. This evidence is consistent with a colonisation of Europe from an older North American population, and with the European population persisting through the last glaciation within regional refugia.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

43

Ghosh, Shyamal C., Jens Dyckmans, Holger Militz i Carsten Mai. "Effect of quat- and amino-silicones on fungal colonisation and decay of wood". Holzforschung 66, nr 8 (1.12.2012): 1009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2012-0024.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Abstract Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood samples treated with quaternary (quat)- and amino-silicone (QS and AS) solutions of different chain lengths were tested against brown-rot and white-rot fungi as well as with regard to blue stain colonisation. The treatment with short-chained silicones bearing quat and amino functional group reduced the mass loss (ML) by decay fungi at 15% treatment concentration. The release of metabolic heat by decayed samples determined in a microcalorimeter corresponded with the ML of the samples, i.e., samples with high ML produced more heat indicating higher fungal activity. Short-chain ASs reduced the blue staining more strongly than long-chain ones. However, the opposite was true in the case of QS. It was assumed that the combined effect of hydrophobation, cell wall bulking and change of the wood surface energy are responsible for a successful performance of silicone compounds as wood preservatives.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

44

Barber, Simon, i Sereana Naepi. "Sociology in a crisis: Covid-19 and the colonial politics of knowledge production in Aotearoa New Zealand". Journal of Sociology 56, nr 4 (15.07.2020): 693–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783320939679.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Rather than being exceptional for Māori and Pacific Peoples, Covid-19 is the latest iteration of virulent disease that arrived with European colonisation. The various pandemics are connected; they exacerbate and intensify existing conditions of colonial inequality and injustice. The political and economic marginalisation of Māori and Pasifika within Aotearoa New Zealand ensures that Covid-19 will have disproportionate impacts upon them. Covid-19’s impacts will be felt in the academy as everywhere else. The immediate issue will be the culling of less popular ‘uneconomic’ courses, and of precarious instructors (where Māori and Pacific teachers are over-represented). Colonisation never ended. Ongoing domination is secured through the reproduction of social life, including via social institutions like the university. While sociology likes to think of itself as the critical edge, it often fails to be so in relation to its own assumptions. In order for sociology to be part of the solution, instead of simply perpetuating the problem of racism as it is wont to do, its practitioners must recognise our place in the world, must speak to our ways of knowing and being, and must validate the aspirations of Māori and Pacific communities, Māori and Pacific students and Māori and Pacific staff.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

45

Beattie, James. "Fashioning a future. Part I: Settlement, improvement and conservation in the European colonisation of Otago, 1840–60". International Review of Environmental History 6, nr 2 (30.11.2020): 75–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/ireh.06.02.2020.05.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

46

Laffaille, P., E. Lasne i A. Baisez. "Effects of improving longitudinal connectivity on colonisation and distribution of European eel in the Loire catchment, France". Ecology of Freshwater Fish 18, nr 4 (grudzień 2009): 610–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2009.00378.x.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

47

Ruiz-Gaitán, Alba, Ana M. Moret, María Tasias-Pitarch, Ana I. Aleixandre-López, Héctor Martínez-Morel, Eva Calabuig, Miguel Salavert-Lletí i in. "An outbreak due to Candida auris with prolonged colonisation and candidaemia in a tertiary care European hospital". Mycoses 61, nr 7 (8.06.2018): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/myc.12781.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

48

Samper-Villarreal, Jimena, Peter J. Mumby, Megan I. Saunders, Linda A. Barry, Atun Zawadzki, Henk Heijnis, Guia Morelli i Catherine E. Lovelock. "Vertical accretion and carbon burial rates in subtropical seagrass meadows increased following anthropogenic pressure from European colonisation". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 202 (marzec 2018): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.12.006.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

49

Fusco, Diana A., Matthew C. McDowell, Graham Medlin i Gavin J. Prideaux. "Fossils reveal late Holocene diversity and post-European decline of the terrestrial mammals of the Murray–Darling Depression". Wildlife Research 44, nr 1 (2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16134.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Context Establishing appropriate faunal baselines is critical for understanding and abating biodiversity declines. However, baselines can be highly reliant on historical records that come from already disturbed ecosystems. This is exemplified in the Murray–Darling Depression bioregion of Australia, where European settlement (and accompanying marked land-management changes and the introduction of many species) triggered rapid declines and losses of native species, often before their documentation. Aims We aim to establish the mammal fauna present when Europeans settled the Murray Mallee and Murray–Darling Depression bioregion and determine the extent of mammal loss since European settlement. Methods We describe a dated vertebrate assemblage from Light’s Roost in the lower Murray Mallee region of South Australia. We compare our data with those of modern fauna surveys and historical records to document the extent of change in the mammal fauna since European settlement. Key results Radiocarbon ages showed that the assemblage was accumulating, at a minimum, within an interval from 1900 to 1300 years ago. Since this time, the Murray–Darling Depression has lost half of its flightless terrestrial mammals. Species lost include the mulgara (Dasycercus blythi/cristicauda), which places this taxon within only 40km of Lake Alexandrina, the hitherto-disputed type locality for D. cristicauda. Fossils provided the principal evidence for nearly half of the Murray Mallee fauna and over three-quarters of the fauna are represented in the fossil record. Conclusions Late Holocene assemblages provide important archives of species biogeography and diversity. Our revised faunal baseline indicated that the pre-European fauna of the Murray–Darling Depression was more diverse than hitherto understood and its reduction appears largely caused by the impacts of European settlement. Implications Baselines for species distributions derived from historical records and modern faunal surveys are likely to be incomplete and warrant revision, particularly for smaller and more cryptic species. Deficiencies in regional records mask the extent of mammal declines caused by European colonisation and associated agricultural practices, and thus vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

50

Szabó, Rita. "A methicillin-rezisztens Staphylococcus aureus gyakorisága és kockázati tényezői a bentlakásos szociális intézményekben. Nemzetközi kitekintés". Orvosi Hetilap 157, nr 27 (lipiec 2016): 1071–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2016.30427.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogens of healthcare and long-term care-associated infections over the world, resulting high morbidity, mortality and extra costs in these settings. Aim: The authors analyze the prevalence and predisposing factors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in long-term care facilities. Method: Systematic review using PubMed, ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library CENTRAL databases between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2015 was performed. Results: In the past ten years methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus prevalence in European long-term care facilities (12.6%) was lower than in North America (33.9%). The most frequent predisposing factor was previous antimicrobial therapy, hospital admission and infection/colonisation, chronic wounds, and high care need. Conclusions: Based on the results, the prevention and control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is an important public health priority in the European and Hungarian long-term care facilities. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(27), 1071–1078.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „European colonisation”

Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych