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Pichler, Marie Helen. "Copyright problems of satellite and cable television in Europe". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65445.
Pełny tekst źródłaBichon, de la Tour Jean-Eudes. "Satellite et libre diffusion des émissions télévisuelles en Europe". Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100123.
Pełny tekst źródła"from the explosion of the "digital broadcasting satellite" (dbs) to the advent of the "information motorways" in europe, an important step has been realised by the technology of audiovisual communication. The legislation, fundamental instrument of reglementation of those new fields, has not been able to follow the rythm. Beyond juridical fails such as the legislation on the copyright and the question of the frontiers and their crossing by the digital broadcasting satellite without any control; is it possible to evaluate the adaptation of the fundamental juridical principles in europe (free expression, free information, free prestation of services established in the treaty of rome for the eec)? those principles are they respected and applied without any perception to such new spheres? wich law is habilited for the reglementation of the satellite in the extra-atmospherical area, wich means out of any territorial jurisdiction?
Lesage, Elodie. "Etude du cryovolcanisme sur Europe Cryomagma ascent on Europa Constraints on effusive cryovolcanic eruptions on Europa using topography obtained from Galileo images". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASJ008.
Pełny tekst źródłaEuropa is a Jupiter’s moon covered with a water-ice layer, hiding a global liquid water ocean approximately 100 km thick. Europa’s interior is heated by the tidal forces induced by Jupiter, that provide enough energy to maintain a vigorous geological activity on this moon. Europa’s surface is very young, with an age estimated around 70-90 Ma, which demonstrates a recent resurfacing of the moon. Various geological features have been identified at Europa’s surface, and some of them, like the smooth plains, domes and chaos might indicate the presence of sub-surface reservoirs of liquid water or brines (cryomagma). In this thesis, we propose a cryovolcanic eruption model from a cryomagma reservoir stored in the ice crust. The overpressure generated during the cryomagma freezing could be high enough to fracture the ice crust and let the cryolava rise toward the surface and spread on it. This predictive model allows us to know the duration of an eruption, and the total cryolava volume erupted as a function of the reservoir depth in the ice crust. It also allows us to calculate the pressure in the reservoir and the fluid velocity in the fracture during the eruption. We investigated the influence of the cryomagma composition and the ice crust rheology on the possibility of an eruption. We finally modeled the deformation of a reservoir stored in a viscoelastic ice crust. A few images taken by the Galileo spacecraft during the 1990’s show quasi-circular smooth features, that may be interpreted as cryolava flows. We wanted to use these images to constrain our eruption model by measuring the volume of these objects. To do this, we generated digital elevation models (DEMs) of these images thank to the photoclinometry technique. We used the AMES StereoPipeline (ASP) tool, provided by the NASA. We estimated the uncertainties on the DEMs produced by the ASP by doing a sensitivity study of this tool. We also measured the volume of four smooth plains and deduced the size of reservoir needed to generate these thanks to our eruption model. Two missions, JUICE (ESA) and Europa Clipper (NASA) will be launch in the next years and should provide new insights on Europa’s sub-surface. In this context, this thesis could help to select the zones the more likely to show biosignatures. The smooth plains studied in this thesis might be linking the interior and the surface of the Europa, which could present a great interest for the future exploration of this moon
Oza, Apurva. "Detection and dynamics of satellite exospheres". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066224/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaI present a multidisciplinary analysis on the behavior of asurface-bounded exosphere synchronously rotating about its primary. Anexosphere is the boundless, external envelope of gas extending from aplanetary surface or atmosphere. This collisionless gas represents theinterface between planets and stars, as it directly interacts with theinterplanetary medium. Should the exosphere possess a population ofvolatiles strongly coupled with the surface temperature, the exospherewill be capable of experiencing a diurnal cycle over an orbitalperiod. I provide the first evidence of the existence of such adiurnal cycle in the molecular oxygen exospheres of two of Jupiter’sicy moons: Europa and Ganymede. The evidence was surmounted by anin-depth comparison between the near-surface ultraviolet oxygenaurorae observations by the Hubble Space Telescope and 3-D Monte Carlosimulations of Europa’s near-surface O2 exosphere, where both auroraeand exospheres where found to be strongly peaking at dusk. Thedusk-over-dawn asymmetry analysis also provides evidence that Europamay harbor a large O2 reservoir embedded in its ice today. Inaddition to O2 , I present the first orbital simulations of all knownwater-products at Europa, and provide perspectives on discerning theeffects of cryovolcanism on the exosphere. Lastly, at LATMOS, Icharacterized a novel ionization source: a carbon nanotube electrongun (CNTeg). This in-situ device used for neutral mass spectrometry,may prove to be a very efficient electron emitter (P < 10 milliWatts)and should aid future searches to detect trace gases in any exosphere
Chakroun, Meriem. "La variabilité des nuages et son rôle sur le climat en Europe : télédétection et simulation régionale". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV067/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe characterize the seasonal and inter-annual variabilities of the clouds fraction profiles in both observations and simulation since they are critical to better assess the impact of clouds on climate variability. The spaceborne lidar onboard CALIPSO, providing cloud vertical profiles since 2006, is used together with a 23-year WRF simulation at 20 km resolution. A lidar simulator helps to compare consistently model with observations. The bias in observations due to the satellite under-sampling is first estimated. Then we examine the vertical variability of both occurrence and properties of clouds. It results that observations indicate a similar occurrence of low and high clouds over continent, and more high than low clouds over the sea except in summer. The simulation shows an overestimate (underestimate) of high (low) clouds comparing to observations, especially in summer. However the seasonal variability of the cloud vertical profiles is well captured by WRF. Concerning inter-annual variability, observations show that in winter, it is twice more important for high clouds than for low clouds, which is well simulated. In summer, the observed inter-annual variability is vertically more homogeneous while the model still simulates more variability for high clouds than for low clouds. The good behavior of the simulation in winter allows us to use the 23 years of simulation and 8 years of observations to estimate the time period required to characterize the natural variability of the cloud fraction profile in winter, i.e the time period required to detect significant anomalies and trends
Asloun, Benaïssa. "L'information des télévisions internationales reçues au Maroc : le cas de TV5 Europe et MBC". Paris 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA020006.
Pełny tekst źródłaThere is no doubt that the televisual terrain have been recently marked by the emergence of television with an "international" vocation. Using new technologies, mainly satellite communications, the new comers allow millions of tele vision viewers to get the same information and image simultaneously or otherwise. Until recently, the same viewers have been isolated by geographical and political barriers. While some celebrate this technological innovation, others are more concerned about their cultural identity. The purpose of the present research is not inasmuch to engage the debate over this new phenomenon. It is, however, a mod est contribution to demonstrate, through the analysis of televised news of tv5 europe and mbc, the relativity of the con cept and the proposed value of the "international" at another level, the arrival of "international" television to morroc o, did not destroy nor delay the natural evolution of the national media system. Contrary to this received view, "international" television has enormously contributed to the positive evolution of moroccan television system to meet th e new needs of a demanding public. Inaddition, we attempt to argue that the considerable abondon of moroccan television viewers and their escape to "international" television is justified by their continuing search for quality and satisfaction
Williams, D. H. "A vehicle-mounted terminal for European satellite-mobile radio services : Development of a low-cost vehicle-mounted earth station for projected satellite-mobile services in Europe and considerations for achievement of multiple service access capability". Thesis, University of Bradford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381064.
Pełny tekst źródłaZáklasníková, Alena. "Communication Strategy of Market Entry in Eastern Europe in the Area of International Tolling". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-3898.
Pełny tekst źródłaKennedy, Susannah. "Representing Arabness in the 'global marketplace' : an anthropological approach to Arabic-language satellite television in Europe". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404537.
Pełny tekst źródłaChakroun, Meriem. "La variabilité des nuages et son rôle sur le climat en Europe : télédétection et simulation régionale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV067.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe characterize the seasonal and inter-annual variabilities of the clouds fraction profiles in both observations and simulation since they are critical to better assess the impact of clouds on climate variability. The spaceborne lidar onboard CALIPSO, providing cloud vertical profiles since 2006, is used together with a 23-year WRF simulation at 20 km resolution. A lidar simulator helps to compare consistently model with observations. The bias in observations due to the satellite under-sampling is first estimated. Then we examine the vertical variability of both occurrence and properties of clouds. It results that observations indicate a similar occurrence of low and high clouds over continent, and more high than low clouds over the sea except in summer. The simulation shows an overestimate (underestimate) of high (low) clouds comparing to observations, especially in summer. However the seasonal variability of the cloud vertical profiles is well captured by WRF. Concerning inter-annual variability, observations show that in winter, it is twice more important for high clouds than for low clouds, which is well simulated. In summer, the observed inter-annual variability is vertically more homogeneous while the model still simulates more variability for high clouds than for low clouds. The good behavior of the simulation in winter allows us to use the 23 years of simulation and 8 years of observations to estimate the time period required to characterize the natural variability of the cloud fraction profile in winter, i.e the time period required to detect significant anomalies and trends
Müller, Joachim W. "International collaboration in advanced technology : the case of the European communication satellite programme". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9b633345-23dd-483c-9623-5ed5e6c16321.
Pełny tekst źródłaLigier, Nicolas. "Etude des corps glacés du système solaire à travers deux cibles majeures de l'exploration spatiale : la comète 67P/C-G et le satellite Europe". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS482/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe major part of my work focused on the study of the chemical composition of Europa’s surface. In order to provide additional insights in comparison to the results of the NIMS instrument onboard the Galileo spacecraft that orbited in the Jovian system from 1995 to 2003, a ground-based observations campaign was conducted with the infrared imaging spectrometer SINFONI on the VLT. Several observations using adaptive optics with a spatial resolution of about 160 km and a spectral resolution R = 1500 in the near-infrared were acquired and then combined. A specific data reduction pipeline was developed to build a global hyperspectral cube in surface reflectance. The linear modeling of each spectra of this cube leads to the first global abundance maps ever obtained for the surface of Europa. These maps confirm the presence of the two major species, namely water ice and hydrated sulfuric acid. The distribution of the hydrated sulfuric acid is centered on the trailing orbital hemisphere preferentially affected by a sulfur ion flux coming from the plasma torus produced by Io volcanic activity. Two surprising results were obtained. The first one concerns water ice, which crystalline form is about twice more abundant than the amorphous form according to the modeling results. This result, unexpected given the very high radiation rate on the surface, could be explained by a strong crystallinity gradient through the ice slab. However, it could also point out an endogenous activity possibly strong as first suggested by its poorly well-known cratered surface. The correlation between the crystalline grains distribution and the geomorphology seems in favor to the second hypothesis. The second result is related to the detection of chlorinated salts from the modeling of highly resolved spectra from SINFONI. Sulfates, first reported by several analyses of NIMS observations are marginal in the modeled composition, hence challenging their presence on the surface of Europa. The chloride distribution, as well as the one of the crystalline water ice, is correlated to geomorphology, potentially confirming significant endogenous contributions as the result of tectonic and cryovolcanic processes recently highlighted. The second part of my PhD was dedicated to the physical characteristics of the 67P/C-G’s cometary grains. The COSIMA instrument onboard the Rosetta orbiter allowed the collection, imaging and elemental chemical analysis of grains present in the immediate environment of 67P/C-G. An automated approach of the grains detection based on images taken by the camera "COSISCOPE" was set up and able to detect about 35.000 grains having an area of more than 100 µm² between August 2014 and May 2016. The resolution of 13.7 µm/pixel allowed to perform a detailed characterization of the shape and the structure of the grains, and the large number of detections permitted to obtain significant statistics on the size distribution and its evolution over the time. Two large families of grains have been identified: the compact grains, which represent only a small minority of grains mostly collected at the beginning of the mission, and aggregates, which have a very porous structure similar to those of IDPs and micrometeorites collected in Antarctica. The size distribution obtained follows an integrated power law in r-2.66. The comparison with the laws obtained at different scales by other instruments highlights differences that can be interpreted by ejection mechanisms depending on the size associated with a selection bias during the collection process in orbit
Egli, Sebastian [Verfasser], i Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Bendix. "Satellite-Based Fog Detection: A Dynamic Retrieval Method for Europe Based on Machine Learning / Sebastian Egli ; Betreuer: Jörg Bendix". Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1187443476/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaMével, Loïc. "Analyse des structures de la surface d'Europe (satellite de glace de Jupiter) : conséquences dynamiques, rhéologiques et thermiques". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006231.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaskevitch, Claire-Alexandra. "Modélisation de l'interaction du plasma jovien avec l'environnement d'Europe". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASP143.
Pełny tekst źródłaEurope, one of Jupiter's four Galilean moons, is subject of recent interest from the scientific community due to its potential to host favorable habitable conditions. The presence of a subsurface salty liquid water ocean has been confirmed through the analysis of Galileo probe observations, combined with numerical simulations. Additionally, observations from the Hubble Space Telescope and a reanalysis of Galileo probe data, compared to numerical simulations, have strengthened the hypothesis of the existence of water vapor plumes. Passing through these plumes could provide insights into the composition of the underground ocean.Exploring the Galilean moons is one of the primary objectives of the ESA's JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) mission. In preparation for future observations, modeling efforts have been undertaken to characterize the system jovian magnetosphere-Europa. To characterize the interaction between the jovian plasma, the magnetic field, and Europa's atmosphere, I used the LatHyS (LATMOS Hybrid Simulation) model. LatHyS is a 3D, multi-species, parallel hybrid simulation model that combines a kinetic description of ions with a fluid description of electrons. This simulation model allows us to represent the dynamics and structure of the ionized environment surrounding the moon.My work focused on developing Europa's environment within LatHyS, with a particular emphasis on the atmosphere and ionosphere. Models of the interaction between Europa and Jupiter's plasma traditionally describe the atmosphere empirically and with an analytical model. However, I implemented a description based on a 3D planetary exosphere model called EGM to characterize Europa's atmosphere. By coupling EGM with LatHyS, we can account for various major neutral species, incorporate asymmetries, and obtain an ionosphere that is closer to reality. In parallel, I developed a simulation optimization method to reduce the size of the simulation environment, which reduces runtime. Subsequently, I conducted multiple simulations comparing various neutral and ionospheric conditions (from empirical to fully modeled) with Galileo observations to study the system's response to these variations. I also analyzed the plasma's response to a theoretical environment during the two planned flybys of Europa by JUICE. Finally, I worked on a program that calculates the propagation of a radio wave in a magnetic environment. This preliminary work aims to integrate the environment simulated by the LatHyS model into this ray tracing code to study the propagation of radio waves emitted by Jupiter during an occultation observed by JUICE
Clairval-Milhaud, Cécile. "Les chaînes satellitaires paneuropéennes". Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020078.
Pełny tekst źródłaBasart, Alpuente Sara. "Desert dust characterization in Northern Africa, Middle East and Europe through regional dust modelling, and satellite-borne and ground-based observations". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/130902.
Pełny tekst źródłaUna gran quantitat de pols que és mobilitzada en les regions àrides del planeta, és injectada a l’atmosfera sota condicions meteorològiques favorables. A partir de mesures terrestres i de satèl·lit, a més a més d’estimacions obtingudes a partir de models, es calcula que en tot el planeta s’emeten entre centenars i milers de megatones de pols per any. L’impacte que té la pols mineral en el clima, els ecosistemes i la qualitat de l’aire, i per tant, en la salut humana i les activitats econòmiques, representa una qüestió social i científica de gran rellevància. La font més important d’emissió de pols mineral a nivell global és la regió del Sàhara. Els principals objectius de la present tesi doctoral són el d'avaluar el comportament i el de millorar les capacitats de predicció d'un model regional de pols així com el de caracteritzar el contingut de pols desèrtica en el nord d'Àfrica, Orient Mitjà i Europa. En aquest marc de treball, el model regional de pols BSC-DREAM8b i els fotòmetres de la xarxa internacional AERONET són les principals eines que seràn utilitzades en el transcurs de la present investigació. La comparació entre valors observats i simulats no pot ser adequadament entesa si les mesures no estan separades en els seus components fonamentals. Així, es va dur a terme una caracterització d'aerosols per al nord d'Àfrica, Europa i Orient Mitjà. Aquesta caracterització està basada en sèries d'espessor òptic d'aerosols (AOD; Aerosol Optical Depth en anglès) dels fotòmetres de la xarxa AERONET. L'anàlisi d'aquesta base de dades es va realitzar aplicant el mètode de Gobbi i co-autors. Aquest mètode gràfic permet deduir diferents propietats òptiques i físiques dels aerosols (com són el radi efectiu del mode fi i la contribució de les fraccions fines i gruixudes a l’AOD), a més a més, de diferenciar entre diferents processos que fan augmentar el valor de l’AOD com són la humidificació i/o coagulació de les fraccions fines o l'increment de partícules més gruixudes a causa de la presència de núvols. Els resultats van mostrar que la pols mineral és l'aerosol més important al nord d'Àfrica i Aràbia. En estacions properes a zones urbanes i industrials de regions continentals i de l'est d'Europa i Orient Mitjà es van observar partícules fines associades a fonts antropogèniques. També es van detectar importants contribucions en les fraccions fines degudes a la crema de biomassa a la zona del sub-Sahel durant l'hivern. El transport de pols desèrtica cap al sud d'Europa està associat a determinats patrons meteorològics estacionals. Com a resultat, en zones del sud d'Europa, la pols desèrtica es va observar entre primavera i tardor, i la seva contribució (que va arribar superar el 40%) decreixia cap a latituds més al nord. En aquest darrer cas, la pols desèrtica acostumava a trobar-se barrejada amb altres tipus d'aerosols d'origen antropogènic Els models de pols són essencials per complementar les observacions, entendre els processos associats al cicle de la pols i predir el seu impacte en les concentracions en superfície del material particulat (PM; Particulate Matter en anglès). En particular, els models regionals són adequats per a la simulació d'episodis individuals d’instrusió de pols desèrtica. Actualment, el model de pols BSC-DREAM8b és mantingut i desenvolupat en el Barcelona Supercomputing Center – Centre Nacional de Supercomputació (BSC-CNS). En els darrers anys, el model ha proporcionat prediccions diàries de concentracions de pols desèrtica en dos dominis: Nord d'Àfrica-Europa – Europa - Orient Mitjà i Àsia. A pesar que el BSCDREAM8b ha arribat a aconseguir una qualitat de pronòstic operacional capaç de reproduir els episodis d'intrusió saharians més importants que afecten al Mediterrani i Europa, és necessari avaluar el seu comportament en regions font de pols. En aquest context, el model BSC-DREAM8b i la seva versió original, DREAM, així com diferents versions experimentals, van ser avaluats per a un cicle estacional complet utilitzant les dades de la xarxa AERONET i promitjos estacionals de productes d'aerosols de diferents satèl·lits pel Nord d'Àfrica, Orient Mitjà i Europa. Els resultats de l'avaluació del model van mostrar que tant el BSC-DREAM8b com el DREAM subestimaven les concentracions de pols a la regió del Sahel durant l'estació hivernal del Harmattan. Per contra, importants sobreestimacions en l'oest del Mediterrani es van detectar coincidint amb episodis plujosos a la primavera. L’inclusió d'un nou esquema de deposició seca a més de l'actualització de la relació de rentat en l'esquema de deposició humida del model, van aconseguir millores en el transport a llarga distància, en particular sobre el Mediterrani malgrat que les subestimacions a la zona del Sahel van continuar sent persistents a l'hivern. La introducció d'una màscara de fonts preferents basada en la topografia del terreny en l'esquema d'emissió va millorar la localització de les principals regions font en el Nord d'Àfrica. Com a conseqüència, es van observar millores en el transport de llarga distància cap a Europa i les regions Atlàntiques. La inclusió d'un nou esquema d'emissió (que inclou parametritzacions físiques més complexes) a més d'una nova base de dades de textura de sòls va aconseguir bons resultats en regions font així com en regions afectades pel transport de pols a llarga distància. En aquest cas, l’introducció d'una màscara de fonts preferents en l'esquema d'emissió no va mostrar significants millores en comparació dels valors observats. A Europa, es poden trobar diferents tipus d'aerosols associats a diferents fonts d'emissió (tant naturals com antropogèniques) que s’han de tenir en compte quan s'analitzen les contribucions dels aerosols sobre el continent europeu. El transport de pols sahariana cap a sud d'Europa va ser avaluat i analitzat mitjançant una simulació del sistema de modelització de qualitat de l'aire CALIOPE. El sistema de modelització CALIOPE integra un conjunt de models dels quals el BSC-DREAM8b i el model fotoquímic CMAQ proporcionen les estimacions d'aerosols. Per a l'avaluació de CALIOPE es van utilitzar diverses fonts de dades de xarxes en superfície (com la xarxa europea de qualitat de l'aire EMEP/CREATE i la xarxa de AERONET) i mitjanes estacionals de productes d'aerosols de satèl.lits. L'avaluació va mostrar que malgrat subestimar les concentracions d'aerosols, CALIOPE va ser capaç de capturar les variabilitats diàries observades en les estacions en superfície així com reproduir els patrons estacionals observats en els productes de satèl·lit. L'avaluació dels aerosols per components va mostrar que les espècies químiques amb major subestimació pel que fa a les observacions estaven associades a les fraccions fines de carbó elemental i orgànic així com els aerosols secundaris inorgànics (nitrats, sulfats i amoni). Com a resultat, es va aplicar un senzill mètode de correcció de l’error als resultats de la simulació basat en les observacions de la composició química per tal de mostrar una estimació espaial i temporal de la distribució dels diferents aerosols presents a Europa. L'anàlisi de d’aquesta simulació va mostrar que les màximes concentracions d'aerosols es localitzen a les zones poblades i industrialitzades del Benelux i de la Vall del Po. Aquests màxims estan associats a les fraccions fines compostes d'aerosols secundaris inorgànics (observant-se contribucions de més del 80%). Màxims secundaris es van detectar a l'est i sud d'Europa. Les altes concentracions en el sud d'Europa s’associaven al transport de pols sahariana que contribuïa en més d'un 40% al total de la massa en columna. Prop de la superfície, les màximes concentracions estacionals associades al transport de pols (> 30 microg/m3) van ser observades entre primavera i estiu. A més a més, els resultats de la simulació anual d'aerosols per Europa va mostrar que el transport de pols sahariana és el principal responsable de la superació del límit diari de PM10 establert per la Unió Europea (50 microg/m3) en extenses àrees al sud dels 45ºN.
Gunawan, E. "Trends in satellite communications business strategies in Europe : A general analysis of the short to medium term use of satellites for information dissemination with emphasis on non-mobile use and current technical proposals". Thesis, University of Bradford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233663.
Pełny tekst źródłaMESSINA, Palmira. "The Distribution of Atmospheric Pollutants in Europe: Optimal Use of Models and Observations with a Data Assimilation Approach". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388729.
Pełny tekst źródłaGalle, Sylvie. "Analyse des champs spatiaux par utilisation de la télédétection : estimation de la durée quotidienne d'insolation en France à l'aide d'images du satellite Météosat et de mesures sol". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694114.
Pełny tekst źródłaMichaud-Regas, Nathalie. "Mise en œuvre et validation d'une méthode opérationnelle et automatique pour l'évaluation d'atlas solaires en Europe à l'aide de mesures satellitaires Meteosat (années 1983, 1984 et 1985)". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 1986. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00956605.
Pełny tekst źródłaRands, Peter N. "European geodynamics using satellite geodesy". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316076.
Pełny tekst źródłaYang, Guangguang. "Rainfall field modelling for European satellite networks". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2016. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/rainfall-field-modelling-for-european-satellite-networks(5c9b2bc0-b2df-4787-ac35-4852c2577237).html.
Pełny tekst źródłaHussmann, Hauke. "Europas̉ ocean and the orbital evolution of the Galilean satellites". [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967401534.
Pełny tekst źródłaSPENCER, JOHN ROBERT. "THE SURFACES OF EUROPA, GANYMEDE, AND CALLISTO: AN INVESTIGATION USING VOYAGER IRIS THERMAL INFRARED SPECTRA (JUPITER)". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184098.
Pełny tekst źródłaTobie, Gabriel J. R. "Impact du chauffage de marée sur l'évolution géodynamique d'Europe et de Titan". Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077118.
Pełny tekst źródłaMoulin, Hervé. "La politique spatiale de la France, 1945-1975. Indépendance, innovation et dynamiques européennes". Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040079.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe subject of this thesis is the history of space activities in France, evolving from the first scientific atmospheric research programmes undertaken after the Second World War up to the creation of the European Space Agency (ESA) in the 1970s.A by-product of the Cold War, the French Space Policy was one of the pillars of national independence under the presidency of General De Gaulle. Under President Pompidou, it becomes more industrial and opens up to cooperation, only to become European in the beginning of President Giscard d’Estaing 7-year mandate.Focused on the French space agency (Centre national d’etudes spatiales (CNES)), this study emphasizes the role of the state in the high technology sector where policy is submitted to the interaction of national and international factors, taking into account geopolitical and geostrategic stakes. Highlighting the institutional aspects, the study analyses the elaborative process of the policy implemented in the 1960s. First of all perceived as a way of putting France in the spotlight at global level, space policy evolves with technology to face the economic and industrial challenges of space applications. The study highlights the vital necessity of a permanent dialogue between technological and political actors
Andries, Stephanie. "The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and the European Galileo program /". Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30283.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe US GPS and Russian GLONASS are the two existing systems. Both of them were created by the military.
Europe is currently developing a civil navigation satellite system: Galileo.
This thesis will present some legal issues of the GNSS discussed in the framework of ICAO: sovereignty of States, universal accessibility, continuity and quality of the service, cost recovery and financing, certification and liability.
It will also present some legal issues due to the creation of the European Galileo program. The financing, organizational framework, certification and liability will be examined. Finally, ICAO's Charter on the Rights and Obligations of States Relating to GNSS Services will be considered.
BILOTTA, GIULIANA. "Umanità vista da lontano : telerilevamento da satellite e grandi progetti europei GMES e NEREUS". Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278553.
Pełny tekst źródłaEscudero, San José Laura. "The European Satellite Navigation Program : policy analysis and recommendations for the future". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65502.
Pełny tekst źródłaCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-148).
The European Satellite Navigation Program is a case study that combines Technical / Public / Private aspects in an integrative way. Therefore, it is a sound case for a TPP thesis candidate. This thesis analyzes the European Union policies for the Galileo program, Europe's bid to have its own Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Galileo is the Europe's first major attempt to develop a complex, Pan-European infrastructure project, to be owned by the European Union. It challenges its capability to gather strength and achieve the political capability to deal with major technology policy projects to lead in world affairs. It is a unique case that serves as a precedent for further infrastructure/technical projects to be managed by European Union institutions in the future. Such a major technology policy project involves the interrelation of a complex structure of multinational political and industrial organizations, and the interrelation of leading edge technical, economic, commercial and social concerns in the heart of the European Communities. During the last two decades Europe has committed to maintain a remarkable long-term vision and a strong political determination to developing Galileo. On the downside, the EU hashad difficulties in establishing a coherent financing program and a punctual manufacturer deployment. On the basis of the Galileo endeavor,this thesis assesses the use of Public Private Partnerships in large pan-European infrastructure projects in the complex political framework of the European Union. This analysis is performed upon the perspective of a theory of how to devise a strategy, a tactical plan, and a way to implement a technology policy effectively, developed by the guidelines set forth by the MIT Technology and Policy Program. It reviews the history of the European Union's policies attempting to develop Galileo, evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of such policies, and delivers a plan and a guide to help implement future projects more effectively. Finally, it aims to provide a set of recommendations for the future policymaking the European Union will face in the next decades with regard to the operation and exploitation of the system.
by Laura Escudero San José.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
Guérin, A., F. Lacoste, A. Laurens, G. Azéma, C. Périard i D. Grimal. "Optical Links Capacity for LEO Satellites Over European Ground Networks". International Foundation for Telemetering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604305.
Pełny tekst źródłaFree-space optical communications offer the technology breakthrough required by future Earth Exploration Satellites for their High Rate Payload Telemetry, while they required clear sky propagation conditions leading to locate receiving optical ground stations on favorable sites in terms of atmospheric propagation and to use site diversity to reach classical system availability requirements. This paper presents a methodology that can be used to optimize such a network relying on experimental meteorological satellite data. It also presents quantitative results in terms of link availability over a European ground network and the associated downlink capacity considering possible future Low Earth Orbit satellites.
Suzuki, Kazuto. "The policy logics and institutions of European space collaboration". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341074.
Pełny tekst źródłaAndries, Stephanie. "The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and the European Galileo programme, legal issues". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64259.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaPeter, Christina. "Molekulargenetische Charakterisierung von Schafrassen Europas und des Nahen Ostens auf der Basis von Mikrosatelliten". Wettenberg VVB Laufersweiler, 2005. http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2006/2729/index.html.
Pełny tekst źródłaZannoni, Diego. "Il telerilevamento via satellite ai fini della gestione dei disastri naturali. La disciplina giuridica internazionale ed europea". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421740.
Pełny tekst źródłaIl presente lavoro mira ad offrire una chiarificazione e ricognizione della disciplina generale internazionale ed europea del remote sensing e nel contempo ad individuare il regime speciale applicabile ai programmi di remote sensing condotti per la prevenzione, la mitigazione e la gestione dei disastri naturali e alle immagini telerilevate rilevanti nello stesso ambito. Tale opera ermeneutica, che ne costituisce il filo conduttore ed unificante le varie parti, è animata dall’obiettivo di proporre un equo bilanciamento fra due esigenze contrapposte: quella di promuovere lo sviluppo del settore del remote sensing stimolando l’investimento privato e quella di tutelare adeguatamente l’interesse pubblico in materia di gestione, in senso lato, dei disastri naturali con il corollario della prevalenza, in tale ambito, della logica della solidarietà su quella del profitto. Dopo una parte introduttiva dedicata alla definizione, alla stregua della normativa rilevante, di alcuni concetti fondamentali come telerilevamento, disastro naturale, spazio extra-atmosferico, vengono enucleate e sviscerate le questioni giuridiche che il remote sensing pone durante tutto il suo svolgimento, dal lancio del satellite da telerilevamento fino al momento della diffusione e dell’utilizzo delle immagini telerilevate, facendo ampio appello ai principi generali di diritto internazionale spaziale e dell’ambiente ed esaminando la prassi che si sta sviluppando ad opera degli operatori spaziali e delle organizzazioni di carattere umanitario. In questa parte viene dedicata particolare attenzione all’unico strumento internazionale dedicato in modo specifico al remote sensing, la risoluzione dell’Assemblea Generale 41/65 del 1986, la cui corrispondenza al diritto internazionale generale viene pertanto vagliata principio per principio. L’indagine si concentra poi sulla cooperazione internazionale che si è sviluppata nel settore della gestione tramite remote sensing dei disastri naturali, prendendo in esame più da vicino il sistema messo a punto a livello globale dall’International Charter on Space and Major Disasters e, a livello regionale, dall’Unione Europea. E’apparso poi necessario analizzare la disciplina applicabile all’accesso ai dati telerilevati in particolare per verificare come le restrizioni all’accesso e alla diffusione previste da tutte le legislazioni spaziali nazionali, anche di recente adozione, interagiscono e possono essere conciliate con l’incondizionato obbligo di avviso (early warning) e di soccorso che il diritto internazionale pone in caso di disastri naturali concludendo nel senso che, quando i dati telerilevati sono rilevanti nel settore dei disastri naturali, cadono tutte le eccezioni e le restrizioni eventualmente imposte. Passando infine a considerare gli strumenti utilizzabili a protezione dei satelliti da telerilevamento e degli stessi dati telerilevati, nella fase di downlink o su supporto fisso, ne vengono messe in evidenza le lacune e viene sottolineata l’esigenza di chiarificazione che permea la materia. Ferma la necessità di garantire una adeguata protezione della proprietà intellettuale ai dati telerilevati, quale sia il loro livello di elaborazione, si ritene che tale protezione dovrebbe venir meno se i dati sono rilevanti nella gestione dei disastri naturali, a tutto vantaggio della loro più ampia condivisione. In sintesi nel presente lavoro l’accesso ai dati telerilevati rilevanti nella gestione dei disastri naturali viene configurato come un servizio pubblico (public service, offentiche Aufgaben, service public) della comunità internazionale e si pone come elemento essenziale di un sistema in corso di progressiva definizione fondato sulla solidarietà fra tutti gli Stati partecipanti alla catena della attività telerilevanti e sul principio del beneficio comune cui debbono essere finalizzate, ai sensi dell’art. I del Trattato sullo spazio, l’esplorazione e l’utilizzazione dello spazio extra-atmosferico.
Le, Gentil Jérôme. "Structuration génétique des populations et spécialisation écologique chez le grand cormoran en expansion géographique en Europe". Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S133.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe Grand Cormoran (Phalacrocorax carbo), est un oiseau colonial piscivore migrateur de grande taille, actuellement en expansion. En Europe, deux sous-espèces, carbo et sinensis, sont distinguées : critères morphologiques, écologiques et géographiques. Ce travail visait à étudier l'histoire évolutive des populations, à tester la pertinence de la sub-division en deux sous-espèces et à vérifier l'hypothèse de spécialisation écologique, grâce à des méthodes moléculaire et de suivi sur le terrain. Les résultats majeurs sont : (i) l'étude phylogéographique (ADNmt) montre l'existence d'une 3^ème sous-espèce européenne et la convergence des populations vers l'ouest de l'Europe ; (ii) l'analyse de la structure de population (microsatellites) montre une isolation par la distance, avec un effet de dispersion longue-distance, en lien avec la migration ; (iii) l'étude du succès reproducteur montre que la sous-espèce sinensis est mieux adaptée au milieu continental que carbo (spécialisation écologique)
Lombardo, Marco. "Numerical simulations of the orbit determination of a small sat mission for gravity investigations based on Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18501/.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlvarez, David A. "The development of time-of-flight mass spectrometry techniques for studying the surface of Europa for astrobiology". Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009m/alvarez.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaGonzalez, Sanpedro Maria del Carmen. "Optical and radar remote sensing applied to agricultural areas in Europe". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU30228.
Pełny tekst źródłaEl aumento de la población mundial, así como la importancia social y económica que el sector agrícola tiene en muchas regiones del mundo, hace que sea muy importante desarrollar métodos que permitan hacer un seguimiento del estado de los cultivos, mejorar la gestión de los mismos, así como poder realizar una estimación temprana de la producción. La principal causa de incertidumbre en la producción de las cosechas es debida a las condiciones meteorológicas, por ejemplo, en las regiones áridas y semiáridas del mundo los períodos de sequía generan grandes pérdidas en la producción agrícola, la cuales se traducen en hambrunas. Así, la FAO, durante su cumbre de Junio 2008, insistió en la necesidad de aumentar a producción agrícola como una medida para reforzar la seguridad alimentaria y reducir la desnutrición en el mundo. La preocupación por aumentar la producción de cultivos, ha generado, durante las últimas décadas, importantes cambios en las técnicas agrícolas. Por ejemplo, se ha producido un uso generalizado de productos fitosanirios, de cultivos modificados genéticamente, así como un aumento de la agricultura intensiva. A su vez, la rotación de cultivos está cada vez más influenciada por el mercado, siendo los cambios en la distribución espacial de los cultivos muy frecuentes. Por lo tanto, para poder hacer estimaciones de la producción agrícola, es necesario producir eriódicamente mapas de cultivos, así como cartografiar su estado de desarrollo. La presente tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo desarrollar métodos basados en datos de teledetección, en la región del óptico y en la región del radar, que permitan realizar un seguimiento de los cultivos, así como una cartografía de los mismos. Los resultados de esta tesis pueden combinarse con otras técnicas, especialmente con los modelos de crecimiento de cultivo, para mejorar la predicción de las cosechas. Los métodos de teledetección para la clasificación y la cartografía de cultivos utilizando datos en la región del óptico están bien establecidos y pueden considerarse casi operacionales. La desventaja de estos estudios basados en datos ópticos es que no pueden aplicarse a regiones donde la cobertura nubosa es frecuente. En esos casos, la utilización de datos radar es más recomendable. Sin embargo, los métodos de clasificación utilizando datos radar no están tan bien establecidos y es necesario realizar más estudios científicos en este campo. Es por ello, que esta tesis se centra en la clasificación de cultivos mediante datos radar, concretamente datos aerotransportados AIRSAR y datos ASAR del satélite ENVISAT. El seguimiento de los cultivos mediante teledetección se basa en la estimación de parámetros biofísicos y su evolución en el tiempo. Estos parámetros son, entre otros, LAI (índice de área foliar), clorofila y biomasa. En esta tesis se han utilizado datos del satélite LANSAT-TM para la inversión de LAI, y datos ENVISAT-MERIS para la estimación de LAI y clorofila
Ferm, Johan. "Europa's Lyman-Alpha Shadow on Jupiter". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-285567.
Pełny tekst źródłaEuropa är ett av solsystemets mest intressanta objekt i jakten på utomjordiskt liv, dådet finns ett hav av vatten under månens isiga yta. Vattenånga har tidigare observeratsi Europas atmosfär, vilket kan tyda på vattenplymer som skjuts ut från ytan i kraftigautbrott. Dessa plymer kan möjligtvis ha sitt ursprung i månens inre hav, de kandärför möjliggöra en analys av havsvattnets beståndsdelar i omloppsbana. Europasultravioletta skugga på Jupiter observerades vid två tillfällen 2018 och 2019, av HubbleSpace Telescope. Observationerna gjordes i Lyman-α (1 216 Å), en spektrallinje hos väte.Denna studie undersöker den avbildade skuggan i Lyman-α för att söka efter potentiellavattenplymer vid skuggans rand. Att undersöka skuggan istället för själva månen är en nymetod för att studera Europas atmosfär genom fjärranalys. Metoden forward modellinganvänds för att skapa artificiella bilder, som jämförs med observationerna. Eventuellaavvikelser som hittas runt skuggans rand analyseras sedan och deras statistiska signifikansutvärderas. Två anmärkningsvärda avvikelser kan hittas vid randen (en vid varjeobservationstillfälle), som motsvarar H2O-kolumndensiteter på 3.07 × 1017 cm−2 och4.72 × 1016 cm−2, för 2018-observationen respektive 2019-observationen. Densiteternaär dock inte signifikanta, då de ligger inom tre standardavvikelser från deras förväntadevärden (< 3σ). Istället beräknas en övre gräns för vilken kolumndensitet som kandetekteras i datan, vilket ger 6.71 × 1016 cm−2 (där endast 2019-data används på grundav en svag signal hos 2018-observationen). Den högsta möjliga H2O-kolumndensitetenkan således begränsas. Den nya metoden visar sig vara användbar för det tänkta syftetoch kan eventuellt appliceras på andra ismånar.
Lopes, Nelson José Seixas Pacheco Guerreiro. "Políticas públicas na área do desporto : aplicação, em Portugal, das guidelines da UE?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10628.
Pełny tekst źródłaUma Conta Satélite do Desporto (CSD) apura agregados macroeconómicos referentes ao Desporto. A CSD portuguesa, no seu processo de compilação, utilizou os princípios subjacentes às Contas Nacionais (CN), como as atividades, nomenclaturas, etc. O processo de estimação do peso do Desporto, consistiu em considerar os dados disponíveis e convertê-los em informação económica agregada por atividades, modalidades e agentes. Recorrendo à aplicação dos algoritmos utilizados pelas CN a dados contabilísticos de unidades estatísticas selecionadas e/ou à aplicação de coeficientes determinados a partir de outras fontes. A construção de políticas públicas recomenda que o papel da função de avaliação deve ser claramente definido e distinto dos papéis de outras funções, como a monitorização, o controle e a auditoria. A avaliação ex-ante correspondeu ao Estudo de viabilidade (avaliação inicial), onde foram avaliadas as condições de exequibilidade da CSD. A deteção de possíveis dificuldades levou à inclusão, de algumas recomendações, no âmbito da criação de uma estrutura de informação direcionada para as federações, os clubes e as empresas de Desportos. Pode dizer-se que esta política pública está a ser implementada com sucesso. A Fase I (Estudo Viabilidade) foi cumprida, de acordo com o previsto, estando neste momento, a ser elaborado o relatório final, sendo posteriormente divulgado. Os principais resultados previstos, serão estimativas, para as seguintes variáveis: Produção; Consumo Intermédio; Valor Acrescentado Bruto; Excedente Bruto de Exploração; etc. A divulgação destes dados permitirá conhecer com maior profundidade a realidade económica do Desporto em Portugal, oferecendo uma melhor fundamentação para futuras políticas públicas, na matéria.
The Portuguese Sports Satellite Account (SSA) used the principles of the National Accounts (NA), such as activities, classifications, etc. The estimation process of the Sports weight consisted on, gathering the available data and convert them into economic information for aggregate activities, modalities and agents. By applying the algorithms used by NA to accounting data of statistical unit selected and/or the application of coefficients determined from other sources. The construction of public policy recommends that the evaluation function must be clearly defined and distinct of other functions, such as monitoring, control and audit. In this case, the initial evaluation matched the feasibility study (baseline), in which the conditions of feasibility of the SSA where evaluated. The detection of possible difficulties led to the inclusion of some recommendations within initial evaluation such as, the creation of an information structure directed to the federations, clubs and sports companies. This public policy is being implemented with success. Phase I has been fulfilled, according to plan, and currently, is being prepared the final report. The main results expected are estimates for the following variables: production; Intermediate consumption; Gross Value Added; Gross Operating Surplus; Employment; Compensation of employees; Other subsidies on production; Other taxes on production; Import and Export of goods and sports services; Financing of sport; Final consumption expenditure (households, non-profit institutions, companies and public administration). The disclosure of this data will reveal, in greater depth the economic reality of sport in Portugal, providing a better foundation for future public policy in this area.
BARTKOWIAK, PAULINA. "DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE PRODUCT FOR IMPROVING SATELLITE-BASED EVAPOTRANSPIRATION MODELLING IN THE EUROPEAN ALPS". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/374721.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe European Alps have been affected by intensification of meteorological droughts in recent years. Due to changing climatic conditions, the region is vulnerable to deviations in water cycling, which can be observed in the context of evapotranspiration (ET) anomalies. Land surface temperature (LST) is a key factor in regulating the exchange of water and energy between land and atmosphere, which directly relates it to ET. Development of two-source energy balance (TSEB) models driven by thermal remote sensing data has made a significant contribution to estimate ET at large scale. However, their coarse spatial resolution and sensitivity of TIR instruments to cloudy-sky conditions make them insufficient for complex ecosystems, such as mountain regions. To overcome these limitations, this thesis served to develop a new clear-sky land surface temperature product at 250 m spatial resolution, as an alternative to 1-km MODIS LST data, for estimating fine-resolution TSEB fluxes. In the first part of the thesis, imbalance between spatial resolution of 1-km MODIS LST data was solved by applying a sharpening procedure to obtain daily LST at 250-m spatial resolution. Due to reduced capabilities of LST–VNIR statistical models in complex ecosystems, multi-source predictors, including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and digital elevation model (DEM) were used. Inspired by superiority of machine learning for non-linear problems, relationships between coarse resolution LSTs and 250-m predictors with random forest (RF) algorithm were exploited. The obtained results indicate an improvement of 20% in the agreement between Landsat and the sharpened LST compared to statistics for the original MODIS dataset. The LST models determined averaged RMSE of 2.3°C and MAE of 1.8°C. In order to reconstruct missing LSTs beneath the clouds, the author proposed a novel approach to predict invalid pixels by exploiting correlation between ground-based LST and air temperature in conjunction with auxiliary variables, e.g., downwelling solar radiation, albedo- and LAI-derived products under long-term cloudy-skies. Considering a high site dependency driven by different land-cover types, LST reconstruction was performed for aggregated stations that represent three vegetation groups: grassland, forest and permanent crops. The gap-filling was performed with two steps: site-based LST modelling from ground-derived variables under cloudy skies, and then applying the fitted models to gridded predictors at subpixel level corresponding to the downscaled output. The reconstruction achieved reliable performance with local data yielding R2 of 0.84 and RMSE of 2.12°C. In the last part of the thesis, the resulting LST maps were incorporated into two-source energy balance model of Priestley-Taylor for estimating energy fluxes at 250-m spatial resolution. First, the performance of the model forced by local temperatures was evaluated with measured fluxes from eddy covariance towers. The benchmark simulations for latent (LE) and sensible heat (H) yielded an averaged RMSE of 57 Wm-2 and mean absolute bias (MB) of 26 Wm-2. Next, the model estimates driven by satellite-based LSTs, i.e., original 1-km MODIS LST product and downscaled maps, were validated against in-situ data. Turbulent fluxes modelled with 250-m LSTs resulted in RMSE of 86 Wm-2 and MB of 55 Wm-2, which translated to 8% and 15% decrease in the respective errors when compared to TSEB estimates combined with original MODIS LST.
Cooper, Paul. "Spectroscopic identification of water-oxygen and water-hydroxyl complexes and their importance to icy outer solar system bodies". University of Western Australia. School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0002.
Pełny tekst źródłaDauphin, Pierre. "Evaluation de l'apport d'IASI-NG pour la caractérisation de la qualité de l'air en Europe au travers de l'ozone troposphérique". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077183.
Pełny tekst źródłaAir quality is a major societal issue with severe implications on human health and ecosystems and its evolution in the climate change context is not well known. Then, monitoring of air quality is an important objective for the following years. Ozone, secondarily produced in the atmosphere, is a harmful pollutant when its concentrations in the lower troposphere become larger than some exposure thresholds. It is then important to monitor its concentrations and to have the best adapted tools to forecast pollution events. In order to monitor and forecast air quality at the regional and continental scales, surface networks are insufficient because the vertical distribution of ozone becomes a key parameter to understand its distribution even in the lowermost troposphere. Satellite observations of the tropospheric composition have been largely developed since the last decade and start to bring useful information on tropospheric ozone given the vertical component of its distribution. However, the access to the lowermost troposphere remains limited. It is then important to quantify the improvement expected with future satellite missions. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the future instrument IASI-NG, which will be aboard the EUMETSAT MetOp-SG platform around 2020, for the air quality monitoring in Europe. We focused on the quantification of the performances of IASI-NG to measure ozone in the lower troposphere and the impact of this future instrument on the analysis and forecast systems of air quality. This evaluation has been done in comparison with the current performances of the IASI instrument. Firstly, we worked on the improvement of the retrieval algorithm of tropospheric ozone by optimizing the spectral window selection. We developed a method that allows the selections of the best spectral channels for the retrieval of ozone in the lower tropospher, i. E. Including the maximum of information on ozone and the least contamined by interfering species or variables. This method has been applied to several instrumental configurations (IASI, IASI-NG and MAGEAQ). Secondly, we quantified the impact of IASI-NG for the characterization of air quality at the European scale. For this, we implemented Observating System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs). A first step was to evaluate the improvements of IASI-NG for the retrieval of tropospheric ozone in comparison with IASI. We show in particular, that it will be possible to separate information on ozone from the lower ant the upper troposphere with IASI-NG whatever the atmospheric conditions. A second step was the analysis of the OSSEs results. This work showed the necessity of good calibration of the OSSE in order to correctly analyze the results. We showed that the IASI-NG observations, when assimilated in air quality modelsl, should improve the description of simulated ozone fields especially in terms of correlation
Berquin, Yann. "Assessing the performances and optimizing the radar sounder design parameters for the EJSM mission (Ganymede and Europa)". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU001/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe manuscript details the work performed in the course of my PhD on planetary sounding radar. The main goal of the study is to help designing and assessing the sounding radar performances. This instrument will be embarked on the ac{ESA}'s large class mission ac{JUICE} to probe Jupiter's environment and Jupiter's icy moons Callisto, Ganymede and Europa. As an introduction to the problem, a study on Ganymede's surface ac{DEM} and its implications with regard to the radar performances was performed. The results of this work put forward issues due to a hostile environment with important surface clutter which eventually lead to a decrease in the radar signal bandwidth to 8--10 MHz. A first section is then dedicated to the formulation of the direct problem of sounding radar with a focus on surface formulations. This section eventually leads to a novel algorithm for radar surface echo computation from meshed surfaces which proves to be both efficient and accurate. A second section studies the possibility to use surface formulation to recover geophysical surface parameters from sounding radar data. For that purpose, three main approaches are discussed namely (i) a linear approach, (ii) a gradient-based approach and (iii) a statistical approach. These techniques rely on a probabilistic view of the inverse problem at hand and yield good result with different setups. Although we mainly focus on surface reflectivity, we also discuss surface topography inversion. Finally, a last section discusses the work presented in the manuscript and provides perspectives for future work
Lucchetti, Alice. "Simulation of Europa's water plume and structures related to energetic activities on solar system bodies from satellite images". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424799.
Pełny tekst źródłaIl lavoro di tesi è focalizzato sull'analisi di processi fortemente energetici che agiscono e caratterizzano le superfici dei corpi del Sistema Solare (pianeti, satelliti e corpi minori), influenzandone anche l'ambiente circostante. Gli argomenti principali sviluppati in questo lavoro sono i seguenti: (i) simulazione e analisi della fisica dell'impatto su superfici planetarie, (ii) lo studio dei processi di frammentazione responsabili dell'origine dei molteplici massi presenti sulla superficie della cometa Churyumov-Gerasimenko 67P, e (iii) la caratterizzazione di fenomeni transienti che si manifestano sul satellite gioviano Europa, in particolare l'analisi di possibili "plumes'' generati da fenomeni criovulcanici e lo studio accurato dell'ambiente esosferico. Il primo tema affrontato è l'analisi del processo di craterizzazione da impatto tramite simulazioni numeriche, in quanto gli shock code rappresentano il miglior mezzo per esplorare condizioni non raggiungibili in laboratorio e capire quali siano le variabili maggiormente responsabili agenti della formazione del cratere. In questa tesi l'hydrocode iSALE è stato utilizzato per simulare due strutture di impatto presenti su due pianeti del Sistema Solare, Mercurio e Marte. Nel primo caso, la simulazione e analisi del cratere ha permesso di ottenere maggiori informazioni riguardo l'origine di una struttura conica circondata da materiale piroclastico, identificata dalle immagini acquisite dalla sonda MESSENGER (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging). Nel caso Marziano, invece, la simulazione numerica del cratere Firsoff, localizzato in Arabia Terra, ha permesso di capire quali siano i processi post-impatto che hanno determinato l'attuale morfologia del cratere e quale sia la struttura reologica caratterizzante quella regione. Dai risultati provenienti da entrambe le applicazioni emerge che la simulazione numerica dei crateri di impatto sia un importante e potente strumento per migliorare la conoscenza del Sistema Solare. Il secondo argomento è stato sviluppato dopo l'inserimento in orbita di Rosetta attorno alla cometa 67P. Diversi processi energetici, come la sublimazione, frammentazione, outburts e crolli gravitazionali, sono stati considerati al fine di spiegare la genesi dei massi cometari, che si trovano ovunque sulla superficie. Per uno studio dettagliato dell'argomento sono state utilizzate le immagini acquisite dagli strumenti OSIRIS (Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System) e CIVA (Comet Infrared and Visible Analyser), che sono le camere a bordo della sonda e del lander rispettivamente. I massi presenti sulle immagini sono stati analizzati quantitativamente, in termini di distribuzione in dimensioni, per comprendere quali siano i processi energetici che li generano e, in particolare, per determinare se tali processi avvengano ugualmente sulla cometa indipendentemente dalla scala spaziale considerata (m, cm, mm). A tale scopo, sono state ottenute le varie distribuzioni per i seguenti massi: (i) massi con un diametro maggiore di 7 m, (ii) massi con un diametro maggiore di 1 m (dall'analisi del sito Abydos, che è il luogo dove si suppone sia Philae) e (iii) grani (strutture su scala del mm-cm) presenti sulle immagini di CIVA. Nell'ambito della missione futura ESA/JUICE e del nostro forte coinvolgimento nella camera JANUS (Jovis, Amorum ac Natorum Undique Scrutator), l'ultimo tema affrontato è incentrato sul satellite ghiacciato Europa. La presenza di un oceano subsuperficiale all'interno di Europa è un argomento di primaria importanza e, in aggiunta, la recente osservazione del plume al polo sud tramite le osservazioni di HST, ha alimentato le domande riguardanti l'interazione tra la subsuperficie, la superficie e l'ambiente circostante. In questo contesto, il primo obiettivo è stato quello di generare una simulazione che rappresentasse un possibile deposito di un plume generato da fenomeni criovulcanici, in modo da definire in quali condizioni l'evento sarebbe osservabile da JANUS durante i flybys di Europa. Inoltre, dato che lo studio dei ``plume'' necessita di un'accurata caratterizzazione dell'esosfera, è stato realizzato un dettagliato calcolo dei tassi di perdita dell'esosfera di Europa in relazione ai processi di ionizzazione e dissociazione per impatto di elettroni, di scambio di carica e di fotoionizzazione.
Burbaud-Vergneaud, Michelle. "Fracturation et interactions socle-couverture : le seuil du Poitou : données géologiques, données de la télédétection infrarouge thermique". Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2265.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlbert, Pierre. "L'apport des images satellites dans l'analyse comparée des espaces périurbains des métropoles du sud-ouest européen". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00178818.
Pełny tekst źródłaCette thèse est centrée sur la question de l'identification des limites du périurbain et de sa structure spatiale, non pour tenter de le définir comme une catégorie de l'urbain, mais pour comprendre les processus en jeu dans cet espace périphérique. Elle développe une analyse comparative en intégrant les espaces périurbains de sept métropoles du sud-ouest de l'Europe (Barcelone, Lisbonne, Madrid, Porto, Bordeaux, Toulouse et Montpellier) et elle se fonde sur des observations renouvelées par l'utilisation de la télédétection.
Par la valorisation d'une nouvelle technique de lecture des images satellites et grâce à la précision permise par SPOT 5, la recherche précise les modalités des structurations spatiales et la nature des activités installées dans cette partie des villes, considérée jusqu'alors comme une périphérie essentiellement résidentielle. Elle met particulièrement en évidence le rôle de la distance au centre de la métropole et des grands axes routiers dans l'urbanisation de ces espaces. Elle montre également leur grande diversité.
Koshelev, Dmitry. "First ground based FTIR-TCCON measurements of CO2 in a European megacity : comparison with a rural site and validation of satellite measurements". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS426.
Pełny tekst źródłaTotal Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) is a global network of ground-based Fourier transform spectrometers which monitor column-averaged abundances (Xgas) of atmospheric gases by direct solar absorption spectroscopy. TCCON-Paris is the first European TCCON site operated in a megacity, located in the centre of Paris. The manuscript first describes the instrument and the characterisation of its performance. The instrumental line shape is investigated by using low-pressure HCl gas cell measurements. The instrument stability is determined by using the Allan variance approach. We have participated in a blind intercomparison test of measuring N2O gas columns in low-pressure cells. The results of our analysis have helped to identify an error in the référencé measurements. An overview of the GGG software package used by TCCON is given. Quality control procedure and biult-in filters are discussed. Different acquisition setups are compared in order to improve the precision of TCCON-Paris measurements. We investigate, as much CO2 a priori profiles provided by GGG are suited to retrieve CO2 abundances in Paris. From complementary CO2 in-situ and LIDAR measurements at the TCCON-Paris station, we construct improved CO2 a priori profiles that comply with the local ground conditions. An overview of the method and discussion of the sensitivity and biases of the retrieved XCO2 are given. Mobile, low-resolution instruments (EM27/SUN) used to allow the intercalibration of distant TCCON instruments. EM27/SUN was used as a transferable reference between the TCCON-Orleans and TCCON-Paris sites. Differences in retrieved XCO2 between EM27/SUN and TCCON are discussed
Crooks, Heather R. "Transatlantic relations the role of nationalism in multinational space cooperation". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA501117.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis Advisor(s): Abenheim, Donald. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 13, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: NASA, European Space Agency, ESA, International Cooperation, Transatlantic Relations, Nationalism, INTELSAT, Ulysses, Galileo, SOFIA, ISS, International Space Station, Constellation, Aurora, Vision for Space Exploration, Moon, Mars. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-95). Also available in print.