Artykuły w czasopismach: „Eudaemonics”

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Riess, Helen. "Institutional Resilience: The Foundation for Individual Resilience, Especially During COVID-19". Global Advances in Health and Medicine 10 (styczeń 2021): 216495612110067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21649561211006728.

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In the protracted healthcare crisis that the COVID-19 pandemic has become, healthcare professional wellness and resilience are a national concern. Physicians, nurses and medical staff have been profoundly negatively affected due to the inability of institutions to prepare for this pandemic. Institutional fixed point standards such as Eudaemonics, Inherent Value, and Amplifying Assumptions are essential to make it possible to steer an organizational course during a crisis. Fixed point standards must be embedded in hospitals and systems so they are positioned to do the most good. Employees must feel safe, valued and cared for always, so they can be resilient when crises strike. The best way to do that is by viewing the healthcare professionals through the lens of empathy. Institutional values of safety, access to accurate and caring information, human connection, and emphasis on mental health, are hallmarks of resilient organizations and will result in resilient individuals.

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Pike, Kenneth, Eileen Rillamas-Sun, Barbara Cochrane i Nancy Woods. "Assessing Well-Being Among Aging Women: Observations From the Women's Health Initiative". Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (1.12.2021): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1818.

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Abstract Our aim was to develop a profile of well-being preserving the ability to estimate differential effects of both hedonic and eudaemonic dimensions of well-being on health outcomes. Numerous indicators of well-being from over 80,000 aging women included hedonic (enjoyment of life, happiness, satisfaction with life, quality of life) and eudaemonic (personal growth, purpose in life, environmental mastery, control, self mastery) dimensions. Using latent class analysis, we identified groups of women with distinct profiles of well-being. A four-class solution had both good statistical fit and made conceptual sense. Class 1 (n=9,146, 11%) had the lowest scores on hedonic and eudaemonic indicators, while Class 4 (n=38,246 47%) had the highest levels of all well-being indicators. Class 2 (n=7,106, 9%) had higher hedonic and lower eudaemonic scores and Class 3 (n=26,650, 33%) had lower hedonic and higher eudaemonic scores. These classes form a well-being profile useful for estimating differential effects on health outcomes.

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Cochrane, Barbara, i Barbara Cochrane. "Well-Being Among Aging Women: Observations From the Women’s Health Initiative Study (WHI)". Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (1.12.2021): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1817.

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Abstract Previous efforts to assess well-being in relation to health have relied on descriptive analyses of hedonic or eudaemonic well-being indicators. Factor scores from principal components analysis offer a summary measure of well-being, but limited interpretability in epidemiologic analyses, e.g. estimated risk ratios. Use of latent class analysis to identify groups differing by levels of both hedonic and eudaemonic indicators preserves information about both dimensions while supporting interpretation of well-being effects on health indicators important for studying older women’s health. For this symposium, we report on analyses to: (1) Develop a multidimensional profile of well-being that would preserve the individual dimensions of well-being (hedonic, eudaemonic) using latent class analysis; and (2) Support epidemiologic analyses of well-being as both an outcome and a predictor of health outcomes, enhancing interpretability of levels of well-being across various dimensions. Data on well-being in over 80,000 older women in the Women’s Health Initiative Study were obtained in 2011-2012, along with their baseline demographic characteristics in 1993-1998. All-cause mortality included death from any cause occurring from 2012-2020. Four classes of well-being were identified: (1) lowest hedonic and eudaemonic well-being scores; (2) higher hedonic/lower eudaemonic scores; (3) lower hedonic/higher eudaemonic scores; and (4) highest hedonic and eudaemonic scores. Results will be presented in three papers addressing the development of the well-being profile; relationships of the profile with predictors of well-being; and the relationship of the profile to all-cause mortality. The discussion will focus on future research questions, such as likely factors mediating well-being and health outcomes.

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Weich, Scott, Traolach Brugha, Michael King, Sally McManus, Paul Bebbington, Rachel Jenkins, Claudia Cooper, Orla McBride i Sarah Stewart-Brown. "Mental well-being and mental illness: findings from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey for England 2007". British Journal of Psychiatry 199, nr 1 (lipiec 2011): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.091496.

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BackgroundMental well-being underpins many aspects of health and social functioning, and is economically important.AimsTo describe mental well-being in a general population sample and to determine the extent to which mental well-being and mental illness are independent of one another.MethodSecondary analysis of a survey of 7293 adults in England. Nine survey questions were identified as possible indicators of mental well-being. Common mental disorders (ICD-10) were ascertained using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R). Principal components analysis was used to describe the factor structure of mental well-being and to generate mental well-being indicators.ResultsA two-factor solution found eight out of nine items with strong loadings on well-being. Eight items corresponding to hedonic and eudaemonic well-being accounted for 36.9% and 14.3% of total variance respectively. Separate hedonic and eudaemonic well-being scales were created. Hedonic well-being (full of life; having lots of energy) declined with age, while eudaemonic well-being (getting on well with family and friends; sense of belonging) rose steadily with age. Hedonic well-being was lower and eudaemonic well-being higher in women. Associations of well-being with age, gender, income and self-rated health were little altered by adjustment for symptoms of mental illness.ConclusionsIn a large nationally representative population sample, two types of well-being were distinguished and reliably assessed: hedonic and eudaemonic. Associations with mental well-being were relatively independent of symptoms of mental illness. Mental well-being can remain even in the presence of mental suffering.

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Woods, Nancy, Eileen Rillamas-Sun, Barbara Cochrane i Kenneth Pike. "Predictors of Classes of Well-Being Among Aging Women". Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (1.12.2021): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1819.

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Abstract Our aim was to examine the relationship of predictors of well-being from prior studies to the well-being profile developed from data from aging WHI participants. Class 1 included women with both low hedonic and eudaemonic well-being scores, class 4 with the highest scores. Classes 2 and 3 had moderate scores, with class 2 having higher hedonic and lower eudaemonic scores and class 3 having lower hedonic and higher eudaemonic scores. We examined associations between predictors and well-being classes. Youngest women were in Class 4 (mean=60.2 years) and oldest in Class 3 (mean=63.2). African American women had higher proportions in in Classes 2 and 3, Latinas in Classes 1 and 3, and Asian/Pacific Islanders in Class 3. College graduates, married women and those with household incomes >$50,000 were most likely in Class 4. Associations with age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status and income were consistent with prior analyses incorporating individual well-being indicators.

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Kavadlo, Carl. "Situated fraternization: The eudaemonic sublimation of religion". International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 2, nr 2 (grudzień 1988): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01387983.

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Mikus, Jenna. "Eudaemonic Design Upstream for Inclusive City Transport Downstream". Journal of Transport & Health 25 (czerwiec 2022): 101444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2022.101444.

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Fromm, Gary B. "End-of-Life Care and Eudaemonia". Chest 123, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.123.1.16.

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Chen, Feng. "The Dilemma of Eudaemonic Legitimacy in Post-Mao China". Polity 29, nr 3 (marzec 1997): 421–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3235314.

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Ilies, Remus, Frederick P. Morgeson i Jennifer D. Nahrgang. "Authentic leadership and eudaemonic well-being: Understanding leader–follower outcomes". Leadership Quarterly 16, nr 3 (czerwiec 2005): 373–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.002.

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Banarsyadhimi, Urai Ridho A. M. F., Paul Dargusch i Fery Kurniawan. "Assessing the Impact of Marine Tourism and Protection on Cultural Ecosystem Services Using Integrated Approach: A Case Study of Gili Matra Islands". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 19 (24.09.2022): 12078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912078.

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Cultural ecosystem services (CES) are intangible benefits people obtain from an ecosystem through physical and cognitive interactions. Understanding CES provides vital insights into how activities impacting ecosystem services also impact people. Gili Matra Islands, a set of three small tropical islands located in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, are an increasingly busy marine tourism destination and a marine protected area. By integrating a hedonic monetary value model with a eudaemonic non-monetary value model, this study examines the impacts of tourism and marine protected area management on cultural ecosystem services in the Gili Matra Islands. Results showed that the distance had significantly influenced property prices to coastlines, beach spots and coastlines with sunset views. In addition, the property prices of each individual island showed significant correlations with particular marine tourism and protection features. Less restricted marine protected zones and coastlines were the most significantly influencing variables to the strong eudaemonic well-being dimensions expressed by residents. The Spiritual dimension produced the highest score and was most significantly affected by several features. This study utilised higher accuracy of properties and residents’ location, enabling more accurate assessments of interaction between CES and the features. This study also discusses how these novel insights in the small island’s CES case can inform vulnerability assessments, reviews of recreation taxes, and spatial planning for marine protected areas and help optimise beach nourishments.

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Vedder, Peter E. "Rejoinder to Douglas J. Den Uyl and Douglas B. Rasmussen, "Defending Norms of Liberty" (Fall 2008): Difficulties in Norms of Liberty". Journal of Ayn Rand Studies 10, nr 1 (2008): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41560383.

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Abstract This rejoinder is a reply to the authors' criticisms of Vedder's original review of Norms of Liberty that seeks to clarify why the difficulties present in their attempt to establish the modern right to liberty on the foundation of Greek nobility and Aristotelian eudaemonism are insuperable.

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Vedder, Peter E. "Rejoinder to Douglas J. Den Uyl and Douglas B. Rasmussen, "Defending Norms of Liberty" (Fall 2008): Difficulties in Norms of Liberty". Journal of Ayn Rand Studies 10, nr 1 (2008): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jaynrandstud.10.1.0239.

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Abstract This rejoinder is a reply to the authors' criticisms of Vedder's original review of Norms of Liberty that seeks to clarify why the difficulties present in their attempt to establish the modern right to liberty on the foundation of Greek nobility and Aristotelian eudaemonism are insuperable.

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Tankebe, Justice. "In Search of Moral Recognition? Policing and Eudaemonic Legitimacy in Ghana". Law & Social Inquiry 38, nr 03 (2013): 576–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12025.

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Ghana is widely considered as “a beacon of hope for democracy in Africa” (Gyimah-Boadi 2010, 137). Yet substantive democratic transformations of policing have stagnated mainly because the police continue to act as a handmaiden of the state and powerful elites. Consequently, the reliance on performance in crime control and order maintenance as the bedrock of colonial police legitimacy (as judged by colonial administrators) has survived unscathed. Anxieties about violent crime, mainly in urban areas, have accompanied the pursuit of neoliberal economics and politics. Having staked their legitimacy on performance, the police view these anxieties and doubts about their effectiveness as potentially de-legitimating. They have responded in a highly dramatic but violent fashion, including the extrajudicial killing of suspected violent offenders believed to be the cause of feelings of insecurity. This article examines the nature of this pathway to legitimacy.

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Sevilla Sadeh, Nava. "Reflections: Eudaemonia in the Eyes of the Kouros". Akropolis: Journal of Hellenic Studies 3 (8.12.2019): 62–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35296/jhs.v3i0.30.

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The Kouros image in Archaic Greek art has never been perceived as expressing emotions; and nor have his eyes been a focus of research. Rather, the gaze of most of the Kouroi has been perceived as reflecting a sort of denial or cancellation of expression and emotion. However, the opposite of emotion is in itself an emotion and, indeed, once a human figure is portrayed its expression always conveys some sort of emotional message, no matter how indifferent it may seem. Moreover, emotions in Ancient Greece were perceived differently from their conception today. The present study focuses on the meanings expressed by the gaze of the Kouros type, and examines the essence of this expression as it was understood by the beholder in Antiquity. Two kinds of gaze reflected from the eyes of Kouroi can be discerned: a seemingly hollow and emotionless gaze; and a glowing and radiant gaze. The argument presented here is that both these kinds of gaze are manifestations of eudaemonia - happiness as a reflection of social customs and religious practices.

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Byerly, Robin. "Eudaemonia, Well-Beings and the Pursuit of Sustainability". Philosophy in the Contemporary World 22, nr 2 (2015): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/pcw201522213.

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Hirschler, Christopher A. "“What Pushed Me over the Edge Was a Deer Hunter”: Being Vegan in North America". Society & Animals 19, nr 2 (2011): 156–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853011x562999.

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AbstractThirty-two vegans were interviewed in order to examine the reasons for becoming vegan, the sustaining motivation to persist, the interpersonal and intrapersonal impact of the diet and associated practices, and the vegans’ assessment of omnivores’ eating practices. Interviews were analyzed using a model that diagrams the process of becoming vegan provided by McDonald (2000). Participants reported strained professional and personal relationships as a result of their diet and beliefs. Vegan diets were associated with an increase in physical, eudaemonic, and spiritual well-being.

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ROGERS, KATHERIN A. "Anselm on Eudaemonism and the hierarchical structure of moral choice". Religious Studies 41, nr 3 (3.08.2005): 249–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412505007572.

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Because Anselm of Canterbury argues that the morally responsible created agent must have the option to choose between justice and benefit, many scholars conclude that he is a proto-Kantian, pitting duty against self-interest and natural inclination. This is mistaken. Anselm proposes a hierarchical schema, prefiguring that of Harry Frankfurt, in which the inclination for justice constitutes a second-order desire that one's first-order desires for benefits should be moderated to conform to God's will. I defend this interpretation through careful textual analysis, then show that Anselm's hierarchical analysis is not subject to some of the criticisms one might raise against Frankfurt's.

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Wedgwood, Ralph. "Diotima's Eudaemonism: Intrinsic Value and Rational Motivation in Plato's Symposium". Phronesis 54, nr 4-5 (2009): 297–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/003188609x12486562883093.

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AbstractThis paper gives a new interpretation of the central section of Plato's Symposium (199d-212a). According to this interpretation, the term "καλóν", as used by Plato here, stands for what many contemporary philosophers call "intrinsic value"; and "love" (ερωζ) is in effect rational motivation, which for Plato consists in the desire to "possess" intrinsically valuable things – that is, according to Plato, to be happy – for as long as possible. An explanation is given of why Plato believes that "possessing" intrinsically valuable things, at least for mortals like us, consists in actively creating instantiations of the intrinsic values, both in oneself and in the external world, and in knowing and loving these intrinsic values and their instantiations. Finally, it is argued that this interpretation reveals that Plato's "eudaemonism" is a different and more defensible doctrine than many commentators believe.

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Sumner,, Jane. "A Moral Framework for Caring in Nursing: Neo-Stoic Eudaemonism". International Journal of Human Caring 14, nr 1 (luty 2010): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20467/1091-5710.14.1.51.

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The traditional moral and ethical models utilized by the nursing profession are examined through a critical social theory lens to identify limitations or inappropriateness for application within the nurse-patient caring relationship. Classical ethical theories continue to have merit in the delivery of professional nursing, but within the context of practice, are system imposed. Neo-Stoic Eudaemonism, arising from an individual’s interiority, stimulates awareness of the nurse as an equal human in the relationship. This theory offers universality that is a-contextual. It can differentiate moral and ethical components of nursing practice and offers insight into nurses’ moral distress.

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Yu, Ruby, Osbert Cheung, Jason Leung, Cecilia Tong, Kevin Lau, Johnny Cheung i Jean Woo. "Is neighbourhood social cohesion associated with subjective well-being for older Chinese people? The neighbourhood social cohesion study". BMJ Open 9, nr 5 (maj 2019): e023332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023332.

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ObjectivesTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the Hong Kong version of Neighbourhood Cohesion Instrument (HK-NCI) and examine whether neighbourhood social cohesion as measured using HK-NCI would be associated with evaluative, hedonic and eudaemonic well-being.DesignA validation analysis followed by a cross-sectional analysis of a community-based survey.SettingCommunities in two districts (Sha Tin and Tai Po) in Hong Kong.Participants301 community-dwelling Chinese men and women aged 60 years and older normally residing in Sha Tin or Tai Po for not less than six consecutive months at the time of participation in the study were interviewed.MeasurementsNeighbourhood social cohesion was measured using the 15-item HK-NCI. The Social Cohesion Scale (SCS) and the Brief Sense of Community Scale (BSCS) were administered for assessing the validity of the HK-NCI. Evaluative (life satisfaction), hedonic (feelings of happiness) and eudaemonic well-being (sense of purpose and meaning in life) were examined. Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle and health behaviours, medical history, and neighbourhood characteristics were used as covariates.ResultsFor homogeneity, internal consistency of HK-NCI (α=0.813) was good. For stability (test–retest reliability), the averages of mean scores of the 15 items suggested an acceptable repeatability with an intra-class correlation coefficient=0.701(95% CI 0.497 to 0.832). HK-NCI was correlated with SCS (r=0.515–0.635, p<0.001) and BSCS (r=0.500–0.612, p<0.001). Neighbourhood social cohesion was positively and independently associated with life satisfaction, feelings of happiness and sense of purpose and meaning in life (all p values <0.05). Stratified analyses indicated that neighbourhood social cohesion was more strongly associated with all dimensions of subjective well-being in ‘young-old’ subgroup, and with sense of purpose and meaning in life for women.ConclusionThe HK-NCI has adequate levels of internal consistency and test–retest reliability. In addition, higher levels of neighbourhood social cohesion were associated with better subjective well-being among older Chinese people.

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Zdunkiewicz, Lech. "Sociopaths as Antiheroes of Streaming Media". Anglica Wratislaviensia 57 (4.10.2019): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0301-7966.57.7.

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Unlike their traditional counterparts, contemporary TV antiheroes are becoming increasingly non-empathetic. Despite their dislikable qualities, they succeed in attracting audiences. I consider two factors that may be influencing their popularity. The first involves viewers’ increasing familiarity with storytelling techniques and their resulting gravitation towards narratives capable of challenging their story schemas. The second aspect concerns the entertainment industry’s transformations. Aware of their well-watched audiences’ expectations, studios are turning to novelists to pursue more defamiliarizing forms. I discuss The Assassination of Gianni Versace 2018 as an example of a series that experiments with viewers’ affective responses towards its sociopathic protagonist. I argue that the writer’s choices extricate Versace from the formulaic justice-is-served narrative, thus appealing to those consumers additionally motivated by, what researchers call, eudaemonic concerns.

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Angier, Tom. "Two Dogmas of (Modern) Aristotle Scholarship". Ancient Philosophy Today 1, nr 2 (październik 2019): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anph.2019.0017.

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Two dogmas lie at the heart of modern work on Aristotle's ethical theory. The first is that that theory is essentially secular or non-theistic. The second is that Aristotle's ethics assumes what Gregory Vlastos calls the ‘eudaemonist axiom’. This holds that ‘happiness is desired by all human beings as the ultimate end (telos) of all their rational acts’ (see Socrates: Ironist and Moral Philosopher, p. 203). I argue that these two dogmas are intimately related and both false. In arguing this, I reveal an Aristotle much closer to the mediaeval than to the modern and contemporary interpretative consensus

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Bates, Winton. "Flourishing in a Risky World". Journal of Ayn Rand Studies 21, nr 2 (1.12.2021): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jaynrandstud.21.2.0240.

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Abstract The reviewer discusses how Kathleen Touchstone’s book, Freedom, Eudaemonia, and Risk, raises the big question of why a person would rationally choose to risk their life, as well as prompting readers to think deeply about other issues including the natural rights of children, the point at which human life begins, the virtue of parenting, rules of thumb for charitable giving, and the bequest motive in risking death. He considers that Touchstone makes an important contribution in explaining the role that a person’s concept of identity plays in principled risk-taking and by emphasizing that life is not riskless.

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Spanou, Elisavet, Jasper O. Kenter i Marcello Graziano. "The Effects of Aquaculture and Marine Conservation on Cultural Ecosystem Services: An Integrated Hedonic – Eudaemonic Approach". Ecological Economics 176 (październik 2020): 106757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106757.

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Mikus, Jenna E. "Eudaemonic design as a symbiotic methodological approach to human health and environmental well-being: a qualitative study". Lancet 398 (listopad 2021): S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02609-x.

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Chen, Chin-Yi, Chun-Hsi Vivian Chen i Chun-I. Li. "The Influence of Leader’s Spiritual Values of Servant Leadership on Employee Motivational Autonomy and Eudaemonic Well-Being". Journal of Religion and Health 52, nr 2 (22.03.2011): 418–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10943-011-9479-3.

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T.V., Danylchenko. "EXPERIENCE PERSONAL WELL-BEING IN THE FIRST STAGE OF PANDEMIC COVID-19". Scientic Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Psychological Sciences, nr 4 (1.12.2021): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2312-3206/2021-4-17.

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Annotation. The paper presents the study of the experiencing personal well-being (N=263).The aim of the study was to identify the dynamics of experiencing personal well-being in the pandemic. The object is the personal well-being of Ukrainians. The results of the study of 4 groups are compared which were conducted in 2018 (before the pandemic) - 100 people, in March (80 people), April (42 people) and August (41 people) of 2020. Methods. E.Diener’s Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS) and questions from the European Social Survey (2013) were used. The surveyed respondents were the residents of different regions of Ukraine; the average age is 34.95 years.Result and conclusion. It is demonstrated that the level of personal well-being has not changed. No hedonistic adaptation was observed, as the response to pandemic stress among Ukrainians was not pronounced. The transformation of the criteria for assessing personal well-being was detected. The first reaction in a situation of uncertainty was the shift in priorities, a search for the personal sense of what is happening. The differentiation of the structure of personal well-being is lost, the criteria become vague. At the second stage (adjustment) there can be observed the acceptance of the pandemic as an inevitable fact. The personal boundaries are restructured considering the new situation – there appear new criteria for personal freedom. At the third stage (adaptation) the differentiation of the personal well-being structure to the level of the beginning of the pandemic is restored, i.e. the search for new criteria of personal well-being is completed. The share of components of personal well-being has changed. While in the pre-quarantine period the most significant was the search for positive emotions (hedonistic component), in the initial adjustment to the crisis conditions of the pandemic, the share of the eudaemonic component – the search for sense in life – increased.The spread of COVID is a factor not of eudaemonic but of emotional well-being – the reduction of positive affect. At the second stage the key factors of personal well-being were optimism and trust in people. The importance of social trust is growing. At the third stage the main factor of personal well-being was the ability to master new activities and creativity.Key words: personal well-being, pandemic, emotional (hedonistic, subjective) well-being, psychological (eudaemonic) well-being, social well-being. У статті наведено результати дослідження переживання особистісного благополуччя (N=263). Метою є виявлення особливостей динаміки переживання особистісного благополуччя в умовах пандемії. Об’єктом є особистісне благополуччя українців. Порівнюються результати дослідження чотирьох груп, вивчення яких було проведено у 2018 р. (до пандемії) (100 осіб), у березні (80 осіб), квітні (42 особи) і серпні (41 особа) 2020 р. Методи. У дослідженні використані такі методи: Шкала задоволеності життям Е.Дінера (SWLS) та питання з опитування European Social Survey (2013). Опитані респонденти – жителі різних регіонів України; середній вік – 34,95 років.Результати та висновки. Виявлено, що рівень особистісного благополуччя не змінився. Не спостерігалася гедоністична адаптація, оскільки реакція на пандемічний стрес серед українців не була вираженою. Виявлено трансформацію критеріїв оцінки особистісного благополуччя. Перша реакція в ситуації невизначеності – зміщення пріоритетів, пошук особистісного сенсу того, що відбувається. Втрачається диференціація структури особистісного благополуччя, критерії стають розпливчастими. На другому етапі (адаптації) спостерігається прийняття пандемії як неминучого факту, відбувається переструктурування особистих кордонів з урахуванням нової ситуації, оскільки з’являються нові критерії особистої свободи. На третьому етапі (адаптованості) зафіксовано відновлення диференціації структури особистісного благополуччя до рівня початку пандемії, тобто пошук нових критеріїв особистого благополуччя завершено. У докарантинний період найбільш значущим був пошук позитивних емоцій, під час первинної адаптації до кризових умов пандемії збільшилась значущість евдемонічного компонента – пошук життєвого сенсу.Поширення COVID-19 є чинником не евдемонічного, а емоційного благополуччя – зниження позитивного афекту. На другому етапі ключовими чинниками особистісного благополуччя стали оптимізм і довіра до людей. На третьому етапі головним чинником особистісного благополуччя стало вміння освоювати нові види діяльності та креативність особистості.Ключові слова: особистісне благополуччя, пандемія, емоційне (гедоністичне, суб’єктивне) благополуччя, психологічне (евдемонічне) благополуччя, соціальне благополуччя.

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Carretero Bermejo, Raúl, Alberto Nolasco Hernández i Laura Gracia Sánchez. "Study of the Relationship of Bullying with the Levels of Eudaemonic Psychological Well-Being in Victims and Aggressors". Sustainability 14, nr 9 (6.05.2022): 5609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095609.

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Bullying has a negative impact on adolescents’ emotional and social development, especially in the case of victims. This study aims to explore the association of engagement in bullying behaviours, for both the victim and aggressor, with psychological well-being. A non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational quantitative study was designed, with the participation of 570 students between 14 and 15 years old (SD 0.99), of which 50.5% were girls and 49.5% boys, who were selected through stratified random sampling. Mean differences, bivariate correlations and multiple linear regressions were calculated to study the relationship between bullying and psychological well-being. Victims scored lower for subjective well-being, with the educational and social implications that this means. As for the aggressors, who scored higher on well-being than non-aggressors, the question is raised as to whether well-being increases with aggression or whether aggression is the result of lower levels of well-being. Female bullying victims belonging to the older age group are the participant profile with the lowest well-being scores. This gender perspective can be considered not only with regards to coexistence and bullying prevention plans but also shows the need to promote psychological well-being to educate towards equality.

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Rillamas-Sun, Eileen, Kenneth Pike, Barbara Cochrane i Nancy Woods. "Well-Being and All-Cause Mortality in Aging Women in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI)". Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (1.12.2021): 470–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1820.

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Abstract To study the relationship between well-being and all-cause mortality, we estimated mortality among women in four classes of well-being using the well-being profile from the Women’s Health Initiative Study (WHI). Demographic characteristics were self-reported at enrollment (1993-98). All-cause mortality included death from any cause between 2012-2020. We used logistic regression to examine all-cause mortality risk across the classes, using Class 4 (highest hedonic and eudaemonic well-being scores) as the referent, adjusting for age and race. Compared to Class 4, all other classes had higher age- and race-adjusted odds of death. Highest risks were in Class 1 women (OR=2.61; 95% CI: 2.46-2.76) and Class 3 women (OR=1.62; 95% CI: 1.55-1.68). Women in Class 4 had the lowest risk of all-cause mortality over an 18-year follow-up. These results confirm the utility of a profile of well-being for predicting all-cause mortality while preserving ability to identify the differences among well-being indicators across classes.

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Wall, Stacy, Ann Hemingway i Susanna Curtin. "Engaging with a healthy tourism “offer”: strategies to improve place perceptions". Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 9, nr 5 (9.10.2017): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-07-2017-0038.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how engagement with a healthy tourism “offer” could improve place perceptions through the development of collaborative strategies to promote a well-being destination. Design/methodology/approach This paper takes a constructivist grounded theory approach drawing on semi-structured interviews conducted with local members of the council from public health and tourism teams, in a seaside town in the South of England. Findings Study findings indicate that the historical roots of the town’s creation have a bearing on the current planning challenges and strategies. Findings confirm that collaborative strategies to engage with a healthy tourism “offer” will improve place perceptions and promote a well-being destination. Research limitations/implications This paper concludes that strategies to engage with a healthy tourism offer include interventions to curb alcohol consumption, regenerate areas and promote eudaemonic well-being – which could ultimately improve place perceptions. Originality/value This paper proposes that the development of strategic alliances bridged through the construct of well-being could improve place perceptions and promote a well-being destination.

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Tomasiewicz, Marcin. "Historiosophical meaning of law based on a case of Leon Ptrażycki’s psychological law theory". Gubernaculum et Administratio 1(25) (2022): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/gea.2022.01.14.

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Leon Petrażycki and his work are mostly associated with his psychological theory of law according to which a phenomenon of law can be reduced to mental states. However, it should be noticed that law philosophy Petrażycki proposes is conditioned by a specific historiosophical vision. The article is focused on the reconstruction of philosophy of history by Petrażycki. The determinants of the historical process, its course, and the periodization of history used by the Polish researcher were indicated. According to Petrażycki, the history of civilization aims to achieve the state of non-normative, stateless and universalistic social eudaemonia. We can therefore speak of an optimistic and linear-oriented historiosophy. The policy of law, which stimulates the historical process, plays a special role in these considerations.

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Giuli, Cinzia, Roberta Papa, Fiorella Marcellini, Marco Boscaro, Emanuela Faloia, Fabrizia Lattanzio, Giacomo Tirabassi i Roberta Bevilacqua. "The role of psychological well-being in obese and overweight older adults". International Psychogeriatrics 28, nr 1 (24.08.2015): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610215001313.

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Being obese or overweight is often associated with impaired quality of life and psychological well-being (PWB) in comparison with normal-weight people (Giuli et al., 2014), both in developed and developing countries. PWB is considered a very important correlate of subjective well-being in people with excess weight. The concept of PWB is based on Ryff's multidimensional model (Ryff, 2014), which considers well-being as eudaemonic concept, and includes six dimensions: autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance. Few studies have analyzed the role of specific correlates of perceived well-being in the obese and overweight Italian older population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of perceived well-being in obese and overweight older adults. Our study included 124 overweight and obese older participants, aged 60 years or more, selected from patients attending the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences of Polytechnic University of Marche (Italy). As previously described (Giuli et al., 2014), the participants were recruited on the basis of specific inclusion/exclusion criteria, in a period of three years (January 2010–December 2012).

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Tedjasuksmana, Christianto. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA KONSEP DIRI DENGAN WELLBEING PADA REMAJA AKHIR DI SURABAYA". Experientia: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia 10, nr 2 (grudzień 2022): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33508/exp.v10i2.2946.

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Ketika memasuki usia remaja, individu memerlukan kondisi wellbeing yang baik agar dapat mengembangkan potensi yang dimilikinya, serta berkarya secara produktif dan efektif. Wellbeing memiliki 2 pendekatan, yaitu pendekatan hedonic atau subjective wellbeing dan pendekatan eudaemonic atau psychological wellbeing. Dalam mencapai hal tersebut, maka dibutuhkannya konsep diri untuk membantu individu memahami dirinya melalui kondisi fisik, sosial, serta aspek-aspek personal seperti kepribadian, sikap, dan perilaku. Dengan mencapai identitas yang utuh, individu dapat memiliki fungsi psikologis dan sosial yang baik, serta mengurangi masalah pada perilakunya. Dengan kata lain, pencapaian identitas melalui konsep diri yang positif mengarah pada kondisi wellbeing yang baik. Penelitian ini melibatkan 72 orang remaja yang berusia 18-21 tahun di Surabaya. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Peneliti menggunakan skala Pemberton Happiness Index untuk mengukur wellbeing dan skala Personal Self-concept Questionnaire untuk mengukur konsep diri. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik korelasi non-parametrik Kendall’s tau-b. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan korelasi positif yang signifikan antara variabel konsep diri dengan wellbeing, r = 0,456 dan p = 0,000 (p < 0,05). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin baik konsep diri remaja, maka semakin baik pula wellbeing remaja. Demikian pula sebaliknya, konsep diri yang kurang diikuti oleh menurunnya wellbeing.

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Purcell, Sebastian. "An Ethics of Recognition: Redressing the Good and the Right". Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy 27, nr 2 (26.11.2019): 142–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jffp.2019.881.

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In Oneself as Another, Paul Ricoeur proposes a new ethical theory that integrates Aristotle’s eudaemonist virtue ethical outlook with Immanuel Kant’s deontological ethics. The goal is ambitious, and recent discussions in anglophone philosophy have made its undertaking look to be founded on a confusion. The new argument goes that the ethical justification at work in the Aristotelian and Kantian traditions is of opposed kinds. Attempts to integrate them, as a result, are either incoherent, or, in the best case, simply minor variations on one or another predominant ethical outlook. The essay grants the opposed kinds thesis and argues that despite its apparent impossibility, Ricoeur nevertheless does succeed in integrating two ethical approaches, including their different sources of justification, to produce a novel and thus ethically interesting theory. The essay closes, finally, with a reflection on how this method might be developed one step further to include an insight by Emmanuel Levinas on the look of the Other, and so make for an ethics of recognition.

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Herdt, Jennifer A. "The Pain in the Gift and the Gift in the Pain". Studies in Christian Ethics 30, nr 2 (6.01.2017): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0953946816684440.

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If we are searching, over the past half-century or so, for the finest articulation of the Augustinian vision of God as the One who satisfies the deepest desire of our heart by way of uprooting desires that more often than not feel like our deepest desires, we would do well to sit at the feet of Gilbert Meilaender. Meilaender rightly suggests that it is only when we see as God does that we can fully recognize what in our created and/or fallen nature is in need of transformation. That said, even where God is not known as the deepest desire of the heart, happiness can be grasped as coming by way of the painful upending of desires. This is what eudaemonist virtue ethics should lead us to expect, even if it is not Christian—as this article seeks to illustrate by way of reflection on ancient Stoic oikeiosis on the one hand, and modern ecological consciousness on the other.

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Schaffner, Tobias. "The Eudaemonist Ethics of Hugo Grotius (1583–1645): Pre-Modern Moral Philosophy for the Twenty-First Century?" Jurisprudence 7, nr 3 (21.09.2015): 478–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20403313.2015.1085705.

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Hémar-Nicolas, Valérie, i Pascale Ezan. "How do children make sense of food well-being? Food for thought for responsible retailers". International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 47, nr 6 (10.06.2019): 605–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-08-2017-0181.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of what well-being means to children in the food context and to formulate recommendations about the way food retailers may take actions to promote children’s food well-being (FWB). Design/methodology/approach A qualitative study based on a child-centric perspective is conducted with 25 French children aged 6–11 years. The data collection and analysis use both verbal and graphic data methods including focus groups and drawings in order to help children express their feelings and thoughts. Findings The findings put forward that according to children, the concept of FWB relies on five dimensions: sensory taste, health, commensality, empowerment and altruistic behaviours. Their discourses suggest that food practices contributes to objective, hedonic, eudaemonic and social well-being on the short and long term. Practical implications Based on children’s intrinsic needs for pleasure and empowerment, our recommendations highlight how food retailers might rethink their own-label offering, retail environment and communication to take into account young consumers’ FWB. Originality/value Drawing upon the concept of FWB and positive psychology, the authors do not only examine children’s food representations through a nutritional lens, but enlarge the scope to show how physical, emotional, psychological and social factors, involved in food context, contribute to different aspects of well-being.

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Carrà, Giuseppe, Cristina Crocamo, Francesco Bartoli, Matthias Angermeyer, Traolach Brugha, Mondher Toumi i Paul Bebbington. "Influence of positive and negative symptoms on hedonic and eudaemonic well-being in people with schizophrenia: A longitudinal analysis from the EuroSc study". Schizophrenia Research 244 (czerwiec 2022): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2022.04.009.

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Soni, Pooja, i Kanupriya Misra Bakhru. "A review on teachers eudaemonic well-being and innovative behaviour: exploring the importance of personality, work-life balance, self-efficacy and demographic variables". International Journal of Learning and Change 11, nr 2 (2019): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlc.2019.101661.

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Danylchenko, Tetiana. "Correlation between Level of Personal Well-being and Spirituality". Journal of Education Culture and Society 11, nr 2 (11.09.2020): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs2020.2.267.280.

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Aim: The aim of this paper is to define the correlation between experiencing personal well-being and manifestations of spirituality of an individual. Methods: The study involved the citizens of Chernihiv (average age – 33.2 years old): 96 people in total, 40 men and 56 women. The following methods were used: a) to measure the components of personal well-being – Satisfaction with Life scale by E. Diener, Psychological well-being scale by С. Riff, Questionnaire of parameters of subjective social well-being by T. Danylchenko; b) to measure the spiritual component – EPU Plus (Egoism - Personal Uniqueness) by L. Z. Levit, Methodology of measuring social interaction (mentality aspect) by G. L. Voronin. Results: The source of experiencing personal well-being is positive health (physical abilities, absence of physical limitations). Factors that decrease personal well-being are low level of tolerance and the pursuit of pleasure. Personal well-being is ensured by belief about collaboration and experiencing positive health as a state of readiness for activity. Psychological well-being has a negative correlation with basic egoism (the pursuit of pleasure) and a positive one with social egoism (ability to comply one’s needs with the group interests, following social rules and norms). Subjective social well-being relates to the highest egoism (unique self-realization, realization of existing potential in an acceptable way). The orientation towards achieving personal or public goals determines the peculiarities of experiencing well-being in the eudaemonic and hedonistic dimensions.

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Herdt, Jennifer A. "Back to Virtue". Scottish Journal of Theology 65, nr 2 (27.03.2012): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930612000075.

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I am grateful to John Perry for his deft and illuminating review, which nudges in productive ways at the unity and shape of the story I have told in Putting on Virtue. In brief, Perry reads my book as a defence of Christian eudaimonism against charges of hypocrisy. He judges the defence to be a success, but suggests that I am conflating two distinct issues, only one of which is helpfully construed as hypocrisy. As a result of this conflation, I end up including topics and thinkers which don't properly belong under the same umbrella, and failing to do justice to those that do. I overlook the significance of the journey metaphor for Augustine's construal of pagan virtue, and so miss some of his most valuable resources for coming to terms with the character of all virtue in via. Furthermore, while Luther might appear to be the villain of my narrative, Perry argues that in fact he hardly deserves a place in it. Luther's rejection of eudaimonism is so complete that he doesn't really contribute at all to an ongoing conversation about it; his real concern is justification, with an unfortunate spillover into the foreign territory of ethics. It is Hume, Perry proposes, who is the proper villain, undermining the eudaemonist tradition by unashamedly setting aside the task of differentiating objective goods from subjective goods.

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Hamid, Suriya. "Reasons and Ramifications of Tardy Marriages among Educated Muslim Women Folk in Indian Controlled Kashmir: An Introspection from Social Psychology Standpoint". International Journal of Psychological Studies 9, nr 4 (10.12.2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v9n4p109.

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Since times immemorial, marriage is considered as an act by virtue of which two individuals make their relationship manifest in terms of a bond that putatively lasts for life time. Spiritually, marriages are believed to be settled in heavens and solemnized on earth. This metaphoric scenario is often practiced other way round in the valley of Kashmir. As a matter of fact, the process of seeking a life associate and its consolidation in terms of marriage is so cumbersome and unenviable that it often leads the women folk of Kashmir into cyclic rethinking about its eudaemonia. In the anticipation of endorsements for a happy married life with the tendency of zeroing risk factors, the dingy psycho-evolved system that is dominant now-a-days leads the Kashmir phratry towards the manifestation of tardy marriages. This piece of research work aims to ascertain the reasons and axiomatic ramifications that lead to tardy marriages among educated Muslim Women folk in Kashmir Valley. This study is also an attempt to comprehend the social stratification and cultural dynamics of Kashmir as is introspected from social psychology standpoint. This paper unfolds the coalescing systematics of major issues and complexities of tardy marriages in order to present a strategic arduous solution to counter and castigate this imperil that creates distortion and soreness in the social fabric of Kashmir.

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Humble, Steve, Aditya Sharma, Baladevan Rangaraju, Pauline Dixon i Mark Pennington. "Associations between neighbourhood social cohesion and subjective well-being in two different informal settlement types in Delhi, India: a quantitative cross-sectional study". BMJ Open 13, nr 4 (kwiecień 2023): e067680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067680.

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ObjectivesTo evaluate the relationships between neighbourhood cohesion and subjective well-being (SWB) in two different informal settlement types.DesignCross-sectional analysis of a community-based survey.SettingCommunities in two districts, Sanjay Colony, Okhla Phase II and Bhalswa in Delhi, India.Participants328 residents in Bhalswa and 311 from Sanjay Colony.MeasurementsNeighbourhood social cohesion scale measured on an 18-point scale and the SWB scale made up of four subjective measures—hedonic, eudaemonic, evaluative and freedom of choice. Sociodemographic characteristics and trust were used as covariates.ResultsIn both neighbourhood types there was a statistically significant positive bivariate correlation between neighbourhood cohesion and SWB (Sanjay: r=0.145, p<0.05; Bhalswa: r=0.264, p<0.01). Trust and neighbourhood cohesion were strongly correlated (Sanjay: r=0.618, p<0.01; Bhalswa: r=0.533, p<0.01) and the longer the resident had lived in the community the greater the feeling of neighbourhood cohesion (Sanjay: r=0.157, p<0.01; Bhalswa: r=0.171, p<0.05). Only in the resettlement colony (Bhalswa) was SWB negatively correlated with length of residency (r=−0.117, p<0.05). Residents who chose their settlement type (Sanjay residents) were 22.5 percentage points (pp) more likely to have a feeling of belonging to their neighbourhood than residents that had been resettled (Bhalswa) (Cohen’s d effect size 0.45). Sanjay residents had a greater likelihood to feel more satisfied with life (4.8 pp, p<0.01) and having greater perceived freedom of choice (4.8 pp, p<0.01).ConclusionsOur findings contribute to the general knowledge about neighbourhood cohesion and SWB within different informal settlement types in a mega-city such as New Delhi, India. Interventions that promote sense of belonging, satisfaction with life and freedom of choice have the potential to significantly improve people’s well-being.

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Sharma, Ramji. "Tourism and Community Perception: Quest of Sustainability from Happiness Paradigm". Journal of Tourism & Adventure 4, nr 1 (7.11.2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jota.v4i1.40635.

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Change is normally phenotypic and influenced by external environment however transformation is genotypic and irreversible which mostly comes from within. Social change and transformation might also be triggered by external stimulus that may be intentional or accidental. Tourism has emerged globally as one of the powerful external but intentional agents of modern society for socio-economic transformation. Namche Bazar, the gateway to Mt. Everest, experienced tremendous socio-economic transformation (genotypic) due to tourism otherwise it would simply be a seasonal resting place for Sherpa shepherds and nomads. The dichotomy of discourses on tourism lies on perspectives: tourism as a symbol of modern society or postmodernity versus tourism as a vehicle of imperialism. The former view depicts tourism as an agent of economic prosperity whereas the later claims that tourism consumes and despoils destinations’ image and essence. The imperialistic discourse on tourism is entirely built on negative hypothesis. In tourism, phenotypic impact is rather superficial and can be restored if perceived negatively unlike genotypic. Amid these positive and negative propositions, a third paradigm emerged with sustainability variant that hooked up the two juxtaposed hypotheses as an alternative model of mass tourism. It portrayed tourism as a double-edged dagger that insists on efficient and effective manipulation of tourism for positive implications. The ‘sustainable tourism’ – a buzzword among tourism academia - stands in favor of planned, managed, controlled and responsible tourism. However, the crux of sustainable tourism lies in the quantification and measurement of sustainability. A sustainability premise of a stakeholder at the destination might be unsustainable for the other as like of economists and environmentalists for example. The incongruity perspectives have troubled the tourism academia to quantify, measure and analyze the indicators of sustainable tourism from unanimous parameters. This study is, therefore, an attempt to analyze the sustainability of a tourism destination via happiness (hedonic as well as eudaemonic) parameters of the community people, one of the main stakeholders in the destination and yet do not directly thrive on tourism business. The paper is directed by a thematic proposition ‘the more the happiness level of stakeholders, the better will be the sustainability situation of the destination’.

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Madigan, Todd. "Farewell to genre: Plot, meaning, and eudaemonic paths in social narratives". Current Sociology, 18.08.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00113921231190720.

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Narratives, it has been argued, serve to represent, explain, transform, and even constitute the social world. However, efforts to apply narrative theory to the social world have become mired in conceptual ambiguity. The culprit of much of this confusion is the notion of genre, which, as a formal property of social narratives, has become hopelessly confused. Instead, when the study of the social world turns to the formal elements of plot structure, I argue that the analysis of how a protagonist’s state of well-being is emplotted is a far more helpful analytic frame. To this end, I delineate a typology of narratives based on what I call their eudaemonic path (the Greek term eudaemonia capturing the concept of ‘well-being’ more fully than the term happiness) and conclude that eudaemonic paths provide explanatory insight regarding the content that is selected for and omitted from particular social narratives. And it is on this more certain foundation – rather than the slippery footing of so-called genre – that the formal elements of narrative can be said to influence social action and cultural change.

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Dejenie, Meseret, Amare Sahle Abebe i Dawit Asrat Getahun. "Personal Asset and Gratification Delay among Youths: Eudaemonic Well-being as a Potential Mediator". Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 27.05.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37898/spiritualpc.1431434.

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This study was intended to investigate the relationships between personal developmental assets, eudemonic well-being, and the ability to delay gratification among youths. Personal asset and gratification delay were treated as independent and dependent constructs respectively, whereas eudemonic well-being was used as a mediator. The participants of the study were 614 students selected from secondary schools. Specifically, this study examined the extent to which the stated model fits the data. In addition, the direct effect of personal assets on eudaemonic well-being and gratification delay; the contribution of eudaemonic well-being to gratification delay and the indirect effect of personal assets on gratification delay were investigated. Data were collected using selected items from gratification delay, Ryff psychological well-being, and developmental asset profile scales. Data were analysed with confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. The result revealed that the model fits the data well. The personal asset has a considerable direct effect on both eudemonic well-being and the ability to delay gratification. In addition, eudaemonic well-being has a significant effect on the ability to delay gratification. Furthermore, eudemonic well-being partially mediates the relationship between personal assets and the ability to delay gratification. Personal asset has a direct and indirect significant relationship with the ability to delay gratification. It is concluded that intervention in enhancing the personal assets and eudaemonic well-being of youths is a necessary condition to enhance the ability to delay gratification. The implications of the findings are discussed.

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Wall, David G., i Jacqueline Remondet Wall. "The Fountainhead of Eudaemonia". PsycCRITIQUES 58, nr 39 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0033936.

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Leigh Samantha D. Dimatatac, Anna. "Effect of Eudaemonic Factors on the Well-Being of Bank Employees". International Journal of Research Publications 135, nr 1 (1.10.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.47119/ijrp10013511020235567.

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-, Dr Deepa Chaturvedi. "Is there a Conflict Between Householder and Renunciant Tradition in the Hindu Discourse?" International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 6, nr 3 (23.06.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i03.23521.

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The Hindu tradition with it’s various facets has shown features from the extremely sensual to the extremely ascetic and both are deemed of extreme importance. The Trivarga tradition of Dharma, Artha, Kaam saw an addition of Moksha later and the question is whether the extremely eudaemonic tradition where the entire concentration was to keep the material body happy, re-thought it’s mores, imported the concept of salvation from outside, or was it a natural growth of the other three Purusharthas? The paper discusses the views of the major western and Indian writers on Hinduism.

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