Artykuły w czasopismach: „Eucalyptus – Western Australia”

1

Miller Jr., Orson K. "New species of Amanita from Western Australia". Canadian Journal of Botany 69, nr 12 (1.12.1991): 2692–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-338.

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Eleven new species of Amanita, Amanitaceae, are described from the southern Eucalyptus-dominated forests of Western Australia. One distinctive species is referred to subgenus Amanita, section Amanita. The other 10 species are members of the subgenus Lepidella, 5 in section Lepidella, 2 in section Validae, and 3 in section Phalloidae. All 11 species were fruiting in native Eucalyptus forests from 247 km north of Perth to Albany, 424 km south of Perth, on the southern coast. Key words: Basidiomycetes, Amanitaceae, Amanita, Eucalyptus, Western Australia.

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2

Walden, L. L., R. J. Harper, D. S. Mendham, D. J. Henry i J. B. Fontaine. "Eucalyptus reforestation induces soil water repellency". Soil Research 53, nr 2 (2015): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13339.

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There is an increasing interest in eucalypt reforestation for a range of purposes in Australia, including pulp-wood production, carbon mitigation and catchment water management. The impacts of this reforestation on soil water repellency have not been examined despite eucalypts often being associated with water repellency and water repellency having impacts on water movement across and within soils. To investigate the role of eucalypt reforestation on water repellency, and interactions with soil properties, we examined 31 sites across the south-west of Western Australia with paired plots differing only in present land use (pasture v. plantation). The incidence and severity of water repellency increased in the 5–8 years following reforestation with Eucalyptus globulus. Despite this difference in water repellency, there were no differences in soil characteristics, including soil organic carbon content or composition, between pasture and plantation soils, suggesting induction by small amounts of hydrophobic compounds from the trees. The incidence of soil water repellency was generally greater on sandy-surfaced (<10% clay content) soils; however, for these soils 72% of the pasture sites and 31% of the plantation were not water repellent, and this was independent of measured soil properties. Computer modelling revealed marked differences in the layering and packing of waxes on kaolinite and quartz surfaces, indicating the importance of interfacial interactions in the development of soil water repellency. The implications of increased water repellency for the management of eucalyptus plantations are considered.

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3

Burgman, MA. "Cladistics, Phenetics and Biogeography of Populations of Boronia inornata Turcz. (Rutaceae) and the Eucalyptus diptera Andrews (Myrtaceae) Species Complex in Western Australia". Australian Journal of Botany 33, nr 4 (1985): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9850419.

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Numerical cladistic and phenetic analyses were undertaken on morphometric data from 22 Western Australian populations of the southern Australian shrub Boronia inornata and from the southern Western Australian tree Eucalyptus diptera and its unnamed allies. The E. diptera species complex includes four taxa, three of which are at present unnamed. These species are largely allopatric, although in one location the ranges of two species overlap. Two subspecies of Boronia inornata are described and one of them, subsp. leptophylla, contains three informal variants. Subsp. inornata and two of the variants of subsp. leptophylla are restricted to Western Australia. One variant of subsp. leptophylla is sympatric with subsp. inornata in Western Australia and also occurs in southern South Australia. The events which gave rise to the four species of the E. diptera complex and to the subspecies and variants of B. inornata occurred within the semiarid mallee zone of Western Australia, probably during the Quaternary. Speciation has occurred in a replacement pattern across the southern transitional rainfall zone, which is reflected in at least one other, unrelated taxon.

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4

Bougher, NL, i N. Malajczuk. "A New Species of Descolea (Agaricales) From Western Australia, and Aspects of Its Ectomycorrhizal Status". Australian Journal of Botany 33, nr 6 (1985): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9850619.

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Descolea maculata sp. nov. is described, illustrated and compared with other species of the genus. A Gondwanaland/Nothofagus origin proposed for the genus is discussed in the light of the Western Australian record. Ectomycorrhizae initiated by D. maculata on roots of Eucalyptus diversicolor and E. marginata, under both aseptic and non-sterile conditions, provide confirmation of the ectomycorrhizal status of the genus Descolea. Cystidia associated with the fungal mantle are similar to those reported for other mycorrhizal fungi of eucalypts.

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5

Shimizu, Keiichi. "Mass Production of Eucalyptus globulus Elite Trees in Western Australia". JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 62, nr 4 (2008): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.62.385.

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Byrne, M., i B. Hines. "Phylogeographical analysis of cpDNA variation in Eucalyptus loxophleba (Myrtaceae)". Australian Journal of Botany 52, nr 4 (2004): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03117.

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Comparative phylogeography can reveal significant historical events that have had common influences on species with similar distributions. Phylogeographic analyses of eucalypts should provide insight into the influence of historical processes, since eucalypts are a dominant component of the Australian flora. However, use of chloroplast DNA in eucalypts is complicated by sharing of haplotypes among species, which has been attributed to hybridisation and introgression, although these patterns could also be accounted for by incomplete lineage sorting of ancestral polymorphism. Phylogeographic patterns in the cp genome of E. loxophleba Benth., a widespread species throughout southern Western Australia, were investigated by using RFLP analysis. The chloroplast diversity was structured into two geographically distinct lineages and nested clade analysis inferred historical fragmentation as the major influence on the phylogeographic pattern. The divergence between the lineages and their geographic distributions were similar to geographically discrete divergent lineages that have been identified in two other unrelated species from different families in southern Western Australia. Congruence of phylogeographic patterns in the three species provides evidence to support the hypothesis of significant influence of climatic instability during the Pleistocene caused by cyclic contraction and expansion of the mesic and arid zones.

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7

Calviño-Cancela, María, i Eddie J. B. van Etten. "Invasive potential of Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus radiata into native eucalypt forests in Western Australia". Forest Ecology and Management 424 (wrzesień 2018): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.05.001.

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Mills, Penelope J., Thomas L. Semple, Kathleen L. S. Garland i Lyn G. Cook. "Two recently discovered species of Apiomorpha (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) feeding on eudesmid eucalypts in Western Australia reaffirm host conservatism in this gall-inducing scale insect genus". Invertebrate Systematics 30, nr 3 (2016): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is15039.

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Gall-inducing insects are relatively host-specific compared with their non-galling relatives. In Australia, there have been at least four origins of gall induction among eriococcid scale insects, with the most species-rich genus, Apiomorpha, inducing galls only on species of Eucalyptus. Here we describe two recently discovered species of Apiomorpha that induce galls on eudesmid eucalypts in Western Australia: Apiomorpha gongylocarpae, sp. nov., which is very similar morphologically to A. pomaphora, and A. jucundacrispi, sp. nov., the adult females of which induce an unusual gall covered in woody protrusions that, when older, have a knobbly appearance. Using molecular, morphological and host-association data, we show that these two species form a monophyletic group with the only other species of Apiomorpha that feed on eudesmid eucalypts (A. hilli and A. pomaphora). We place all four species of eudesmid-feeding Apiomorpha in the A. hilli species group, thus revising the current placement of A. pomaphora by removing it from the A. malleeacola species group. This study highlights additional faunal diversity endemic to Western Australia, with two of the four species being restricted to the globally recognised biodiversity hotspot of the South West Australia Floristic Region. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D6245EB6-903E-483C-B69B-3ED7EA35AD04.

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9

Hill, Kenneth, i Lawrence Johnson. "Systematic studies in the eucalypts. 5. New taxa and combinations in Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) in Western Australia". Telopea 4, nr 4 (12.03.1992): 561–634. http://dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea19814948.

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10

O'Connell, A. M. "Litter Dynamics in Karri (Eucalyptus Diversicolor) Forests of South- Western Australia". Journal of Ecology 75, nr 3 (wrzesień 1987): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2260206.

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BURGESS, TREENA I., MONIQUE L. SAKALIDIS i GILES E. STJ HARDY. "Gene flow of the canker pathogen Botryosphaeria australis between Eucalyptus globulus plantations and native eucalypt forests in Western Australia". Austral Ecology 31, nr 5 (sierpień 2006): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01596.x.

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12

Andersen, AN, i AY Yen. "Canopy Ant Communities in the Semiarid Mallee Region of North-Western Victoria". Australian Journal of Zoology 40, nr 2 (1992): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9920205.

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Ants were collected from the canopies of mallee eucalypts at Wyperfeld National Park in north-western Victoria by beating foliage on ten occasions from September 1979 to December 1980. The study was conducted at two adjacent sites: one that had been burnt by a wildfire during early 1977, and the other long unburnt. Both sites contained a mixture of three mallee eucalypt species: Eucalyptus dumosa, E. foecunda and E. incrassata. In contrast to the canopies of other eucalypt formations elsewhere in southern Australia, abundance and diversity of ants were very high. Ants represented 43-69% of all invertebrates, and a total of 44 ant species from 19 genera was collected. Iridomyrmex and Camponotus respectively contributed 10 and 11 species, and the most abundant ants were species of Iridomyrmex, Monomorium and Crematogaster. Ant composition was broadily similar at the two sites, and on different canopy species, although significant differences in abundance were apparent for some individual ant species. Except for tree-nesting Podomyrma adelaidae and Myrmecorhynchus sp. nr emeryi, the fauna was dominated by ground-nesting species, most of which appeared to forage on vegetation opportunistically. The unusually high abundance and diversity of the canopy ant fauna are attributed to the close proximity of the mallee canopy to the ground, coupled with an exceptionally rich ground ant fauna.

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13

Sudmeyer, R. A., D. J. M. Hall, J. Eastham i M. A. Adams. "The tree - crop interface: the effects of root pruning in south-western Australia". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, nr 6 (2002): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02012.

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This paper examines the effect severing lateral tree roots (root pruning) has on crop and tree growth and soil water content at 2 sites in the south-west of Western Australia. Crop and tree growth and soil water content were assessed in a Pinus pinaster windbreak system growing on 0.45–1.00 m of sand over clay, and crop growth was assessed adjacent to Eucalyptus globulus windbreaks growing on 4–5 m of sand. Crop yield was depressed by 23–52% within 2.5 times the tree height (H) of unpruned pines and by 44% within 2.5 H of pruned eucalypts. Depressed yields made cropping uneconomical within 1.5 H of the eucalypts and 1 H of the pines. Root pruning most improved crop yields where lateral tree roots were confined close to the soil surface and decreased in effectiveness as the depth to confining layer (clay) increased. Crop losses within 2.5 H of the pines were reduced from 39 to 14% in the year the trees were root pruned and were 25% 1 year after root pruning. Subsequent root pruning of the eucalypts did not improve crop yield. While root pruning severed lateral pine roots, tree growth was not significantly reduced. The principal cause of reduced crop yield near the trees appeared to be reduced soil moisture in the area occupied by tree roots. Competition for nutrients and light appeared to have little effect on crop yield. Root pruning can spatially separate tree and crop roots where the tree roots are confined close to the surface, and significantly improve crop yields without reducing tree growth.

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14

Abbott, I., i PV Heurck. "Tree Species Preferences of Foraging Birds in Jarrah Forest in Western Australia." Wildlife Research 12, nr 3 (1985): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850461.

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A study of foraging by 10 bird species suggests that selective logging of large Eucalyptus marginata will only have affected Melithreptus lunatus, but that proposed silvicultural treatments, including removal of Banksia grandis, may affect several other bird species.

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Lewis, Aymee S. R., Toni M. Withers, Helen F. Nahrung, Rebecca L. McDougal, Chris A. M. Reid i Geoff R. Allen. "Eucalyptus variegated beetle: genetic diversity of New Zealand and Australian collections". New Zealand Plant Protection 71 (30.07.2018): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.209.

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Paropsisterna variicollis, the eucalyptus variegated beetle, was first detected in New Zealand in 2016. It threatens a growing eucalyptus forestry sector through larvae and adults causing significant defoliation to important plantation species. This work aimed to clarify the identification and origin of the New Zealand incursion to inform selection of suitable biological control agent(s). Australian and New Zealand specimens from the Paropsisterna obovata-variicollis-cloelia species complex were analysed by PCR and sequencing of two genetic loci, cytochrome c subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (Cyt b). Molecular analysis of both genetic regions showed three major clusters of diversity. Cluster 1, proposed as Paropsisterna variicollis, had maximum 1.3% genetic variation and was collected from New Zealand, Western Australia and from geographically diverse locations in eastern Australia. Taxonomic results identified distinctive phenotypes of other closely related beetle species, assisting in proposing Cluster 2 as Paropsisterna near decolorata and Cluster 3 as Paropsisterna agricola. Molecular results were compared to morphological structures on adult beetles.

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Millar, M. A., M. Byrne, D. J. Coates, M. J. C. Stukely i J. A. McComb. "Mating system studies in jarrah, Eucalyptus marginata (Myrtaceae)". Australian Journal of Botany 48, nr 4 (2000): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt98088.

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Estimates of outcrossing rate were determined for four populations of Eucalyptus marginata from the jarrah forest in south-west Western Australia. The mean multilocus outcrossing rate (t = 0.81) was high in all populations and was towards the high end of the range of outcrossing rates that have been observed in other mass-flowering eucalypt species. A significant proportion of the inbreeding detected appeared to be due to biparental inbreeding, and the levels of correlated paternity were unexpectedly high. Differences between populations were generally not significant, although trees from a disturbed site affected by disease showed lower outcrossing, higher biparental inbreeding and higher correlated paternity, suggesting an increase in population structure compared with trees from disease-free sites.

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Withers, T. M., L. D. Phillips, T. E. M. Bates i R. J. Ganley. "Hybridisation between populations of Enoggera nassaui in New Zealand". New Zealand Plant Protection 64 (8.01.2011): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2011.64.5954.

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The eucalyptus tortoise beetle (Paropsis charybdis) egg parasitoid Enoggera nassaui is distributed throughout New Zealand The original population released in New Zealand was from Western Australia and was later augmented with two strains from Tasmania (Florentine Valley and Evandale) Analysis of E nassaui in 2001 showed a predominance of the Western Australian strain with only one Florentine Valley individual being detected In the present study collections of E nassaui specimens from P charybdis eggs made during spring 2010 were subjected to cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequence analysis The majority of individuals from Poronui Station (Taupo) were either the Tasmanian Florentine Valley strain or hybrids between the original Western Australian and Tasmanian strains It is uncertain whether this outcome will improve the biological control of Paropsis charybdis in New Zealand

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18

Bellairs, SM, i DT Bell. "Temperature Effects on the Seed-Germination of 10 Kwongan Species From Eneabba, Western-Australia". Australian Journal of Botany 38, nr 5 (1990): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9900451.

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The germination responses of 10 species (Acacia blakelyi, A. pulchella, Allocasuarina humilis, Beaufortia elegans, Conostylis neocymosa, Eucalyptus tetragona, Kennedia prostrata, Leptospermum spinescens, Melaleuca acerosa and Xanthorrhoea drummondii) to constant temperatures ranging from 5 to 35� C were studied. These Western Australian perennial species had optimum germination percentages between 15 and 20�C, except Eucalyptus tetragona which had an optimum at 25�C and Leptospermum spinescens which had an optimum at 10�C. Seeds were transferred from high and low temperatures to 15�C to determine whether high or low temperatures induced dormancy. Low temperatures tended not to affect subsequent germination but high temperature decreased subsequent germination for some species. Wetting and drying stimulated the germination of Acacia blakelyi, A. pulchella and Kennedia prostrata seeds.

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Ghaffariyan, M. R. "Comparing productivity-cost of roadside processing system and road side chipping system in Western Australia". Journal of Forest Science 59, No. 5 (30.05.2013): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/81/2012-jfs.

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This research compared roadside chipping and road side processing systems. Two sites planted with Eucalyptus globulus were selected to study these harvesting systems. A time and motion study was applied to collect the data for both harvesting systems. The working cycles for each machine were recorded as well as the variables affecting the working productivity. Using the multiple regression method the appropriate models were developed. The results showed that the productivity of feller-buncher and processor was significantly affected by tree size. Productivity of skidders was dependent on extraction distance and load weight. Productivity for road side processing was higher than for road side chipping, which resulted in a lower unit cost. The unit cost (from stand to the mill) for road side processing and road side chipping averaged 22.68 AUD·t–1 and 21.07 AUD·t–1, respectively.  

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20

Bougher, N. L., i N. Malajczuk. "An undescribed species of hypogeous Cortinarius associated with Eucalyptus in Western Australia". Transactions of the British Mycological Society 86, nr 2 (marzec 1986): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-1536(86)80160-7.

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MAJER, J. D., H. F. Recher i S. GANESHANANDAM. "Variation in foliar nutrients in Eucalyptus trees in eastern and Western Australia". Austral Ecology 17, nr 4 (grudzień 1992): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1992.tb00821.x.

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Bell, DT. "Interaction of Fire, Temperature and Light in the Germination Response of 16 Species From the Eucalyptus marginata Forest of South-Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 42, nr 5 (1994): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9940501.

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Germination responses to multiple conditions related to fire, temperature and light were examined and interpreted in relation to the environment of the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Sm.) forest and the mediterranean-type climate of south-western Western Australia. Eight of the 16 selected representatives required a boiling pre-treatment as a simulation of fire before subsequent germination conditions were imposed. Trial conditions included a range of constant incubation temperatures and either a constant dark or 12h light:12h dark illumination cycle. Species common to the understorey tended to have narrow optima to temperature (13-18°C) with the greatest germination being achieved in temperatures typical of winter. Eucalyptus calophylla, one of the canopy species, germinated over a wider range of temperatures than the understorey species tested. Several species (e.g. Acacia pulchella var. glaberrima, Calothamnus rupestris, Eucalyptus marginata, Trymalium ledifolium, Xanthorrhoea gracilis and X. preissii) were not affected by the different light conditions at lower incubation temperatures, but more seeds remained dormant under higher temperatures when exposed to light. Most species, however, germinated best under continuously dark conditions, which related to being buried under soil. Two species, Banksia grandis and Hakea amplexicaulis, showed much higher germination under light exposure conditions compared to continuously dark conditions. These two serotinous species are large seeded and their seed ecology favours large gap and soil surface establishment. The multiple requirements of particular combinations of fire, temperature and light are related to the ecology of these native Western Australian species.

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Wheeler, Rachael, Paul G. Nevill, Michael Renton i Siegfried L. Krauss. "Interspecific hybridisation in tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala, Myrtaceae): a conservation management issue?" Australian Journal of Botany 61, nr 6 (2013): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt13172.

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The anthropogenic movement of Eucalyptus species beyond their natural distributions is increasing the opportunity for interspecific hybridisation. The conservation implications arising from hybridisation between indigenous and introduced eucalypt species in modified urban landscapes is an increasingly important management issue that requires an assessment of risk. It has been claimed that much of the tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala DC., Myrtaceae) seed in Kings Park, a large urban bushland remnant in Perth, Western Australia, is of hybrid origin with introduced eastern Australian eucalypts, and especially with E. cladocalyx. Using molecular markers, we tested this claim and determined whether hybridisation in tuart is a conservation management issue in Kings Park, as well as the adjacent Bold Park. Eight microsatellite markers were used to genotype 220 open-pollinated tuart seedlings from 19 families. Allele frequency estimates for tuart were generated by genotyping 42 mature tuart trees. Forty-four trees of four alternative species thought to be capable of hybridising with tuart in these parks, including two non-indigenous species, E. cladocalyx and E. camaldulensis, and two indigenous species, E. decipiens and E. rudis, were also genotyped. Pairwise FST between tuart and each alternative species for these markers ranged from 0.105 to 0.204. A hybrid-index analysis of seedling genotypes showed no significant evidence for hybridisation, and no alternative species private alleles (n = 35) were found in any tuart offspring genotypes. A likelihood analysis showed that the maximum likelihood of observing no private alleles of the alternative species in the progeny occurred at a hybridisation frequency of zero for all four alternative species. We conclude that hybridisation between tuart and non-indigenous species is not currently a conservation management issue in Kings Park and Bold Park. Rather, the invasion of pure non-indigenous species, and in particular E. cladocalyx, as weeds into bushland is of greater management concern.

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Raymond, C. A., i A. Muneri. "Effect of fertilizer on wood properties of Eucalyptus globulus". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, nr 1 (1.02.2000): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-186.

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The effects of N and P fertilizers applied to Eucalyptus globulus Labill. at plantation establishment on basic density, fibre length, fibre coarseness, predicted pulp yield, and N and P concentration in the wood were examined by sampling four fertilizer factorial trials: three in Victoria and one in Western Australia. Treatments sampled were control, maximum levels of N and P by themselves and combined. Growth responses varied across sites with significant growth responses at the Victorian sites but no response at the Western Australian site. An interaction was suggested between rainfall and the effects of the fertilizer; wood properties at the drier sites were detrimentally affected by fertilizer but there was little effect at the wetter sites. On the two drier sites, application of both N and P, alone or in combination, resulted in changes in density, shorter fibres, and slightly lower predicted pulp yield. Addition of both N and P increased the levels of these nutrients in the wood at the three Victorian sites. Changes occurred in wood properties in the absence of growth responses to the applied fertilizer indicating that these changes were not induced by changing tree growth rate.

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Wayne, A. F., A. Cowling, C. G. Ward, J. F. Rooney, C. V. Vellios, D. B. Lindenmayer i C. F. Donnelly. "A comparison of survey methods for arboreal possums in jarrah forest, Western Australia". Wildlife Research 32, nr 8 (2005): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04094.

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Comparative trials of different survey methods were conducted in the southern jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest to determine the most efficient means of detecting koomal (common brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula hypoleucus) and ngwayir (western ringtail possum, Pseudocheirus occidentalis). In particular, we examined different trapping and spotlighting methods and compared these with scat surveys. Six different trapping methods (derived by combining three bait types and two trap positions) were compared at six sites. Significantly fewer koomal were caught on ‘universal’ bait (i.e. peanut butter, rolled oats and sardines) than on flour-based baits using rose oil or Eucalyptus oil as lures. Significantly more individuals of both possum species were caught in arboreal traps than in ground traps (P < 0.001 in both cases). Recapture rates of koomal were high, whereas ngwayir were rarely retrapped. There were no detection differences between six different spotlighting methods (derived by combining three spotlight intensities with two filter colours) for koomal. Significantly more ngwayir were detected using 50-W or 100-W lights than 20-W lights (P = 0.01). There were no significant differences in the detection rates for ngwayir using red or white light. There were, however, significant observer differences in the number of possums of both species detected (koomal, P = 0.025; ngwayir, P = 0.004). Spotlighting detected, on average, only 4.9% of the koomal ‘known to be alive’ by trapping. However, spotlighting with a 50-W or 100-W spotlight detected more ngwayir than did trapping. Koomal abundance measures derived from scat surveys were not related to trapping or spotlight abundance estimates. For ngwayir, however, scat counts were strongly related to spotlight counts and there were no significant observer differences for the former. We conclude that koomal are more effectively surveyed using arboreal trapping with rose or Eucalyptus lures. Ngwayir are best surveyed using scat surveys or 50-W spotlights.

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Billones-Baaijens, R., E. E. Jones, H. J. Ridgway i M. V. Jaspers. "Pathogenicity of a New Zealand grapevine isolate of Neofusicoccum macroclavatum on Eucalyptus globulus". New Zealand Plant Protection 65 (8.01.2012): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2012.65.5379.

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Neofusicoccum macroclavatum a recognised pathogen of Eucalyptus globulus in Western Australia was recently isolated for the first time from grapevines in New Zealand Its identity was confirmed by analysis of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) 946;tubulin gene and elongation factor 945;1 sequence analyses Previous pathogenicity studies of nursery isolates showed that this isolate (M353) was pathogenic to Sauvignon blanc 1yearold rooted canes and green shoots similar to other Botryosphaeriaceae pathogens of grapevines To further investigate its pathogenicity on eucalypts M353 was inoculated onto 1yearold seedlings of E globulus and shown to produce external stem lesions with a mean length of 29 mm that was significantly longer (P

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Fergusson, B., i AJ Graham. "A Quantitative Study of Soil-Plant Relations in the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia." Rangeland Journal 20, nr 1 (1998): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9980119.

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The soil and plants at a 27.4 ha field site near Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, were surveyed and analysed with multivariate statistics. Cluster analysis identified four distinct plant communities at the study site. These were: Acacia acuminata shrubland Eucalyptus gvfithsii woodland Eucalyptus salrnonophloia woodland 'Ground Covers' - areas characterised by the presence of generalist herbs, low shrubs and weeds, and the absence of dominant upper storey species. Discriminant function analysis identified site elevation and soil exchangeable Ca as the primary environmental discriminants between the plant communities. Using these two variables, sample points were classified into one of the four plant communities. The two methods of classification matched well, with classification based on the two environmental variables providing an indication of which plant community would be most likely to establish in disturbed areas. This type of information can be important to revegetation programs in the region, guiding the use of appropriate plant species under different rehabilitation conditions. Key wcrds: environmental variables, plant communities, multivariate analysis, classification, revegetation

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PETERSON, MAGNUS. "Clarification of the type-locality of Nascio chydaea Olliff (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Nascionini), with further notes on its biology, distribution and relationships". Journal of Insect Biodiversity 8, nr 2 (13.11.2018): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2018.08.2.2.

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The precise type-locality of the infrequently encountered Western Australian species Nascio chydaea Olliff, 1886 is redefined from 28˚44ʹS, 116˚24ʹE to 34˚11ʹS, 118˚19ʹE, and thus George Masters is identified as the original collector and January–February 1869 as the date of collection of its lectotype and paralectotype. The first larval and adult hostplant records, Eucalyptus wandoo and an unidentified Asteraceae species respectively, as well as three further distributional records from south-west Western Australia, are provided for N. chydaea and discussed. A colour photograph of its dorsal habitus is also provided, as well as a distribution map for this species. Relationships, general zoogeography and biology of all Nascio species are briefly discussed.

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29

TAKAHASHI, N. "Water Use Efficiency of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Growing in Arid Regions in Western Australia". JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 36, nr 4 (2003): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.36.391.

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Jackson, S. L., A. Maxwell, H. G. Neumeister-Kemp, B. Dell i G. E. St J. Hardy. "Infection, hyperparasitism and conidiogenesis of Mycosphaerella lateralis on Eucalyptus globulus in Western Australia". Australasian Plant Pathology 33, nr 1 (2004): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap03068.

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Walker, E., M. Byrne, B. Macdonald, D. Nicolle i J. McComb. "Clonality and hybrid origin of the rare Eucalyptus bennettiae (Myrtaceae) in Western Australia". Australian Journal of Botany 57, nr 3 (2009): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt08148.

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Clonality and hybrid origin influence the conservation status of rare and restricted species. Eucalyptus bennettiae Carr & Carr is a rare species known only from a few individuals that may be clonal and may have arisen through hybridisation between other co-occurring species. The hybrid status and clonality of E. bennettiae was investigated with analysis of microsatellite variation in E. bennettiae compared with its putative parents, E. lehmannii subsp. parallela, E. sporadica and E. astringens subsp. redacta, identified through morphological characteristics. Analysis of microsatellite variation revealed clonality with one individual present at each location, and additivity of alleles and no unique alleles in E. bennettiae compared with two of the putative parents, E. lehmannii subsp. parallela and E. sporadica. In addition, E. bennettiae displayed intermediacy in species relationships and measures of relatedness, and assignment tests showed mixed ancestry in relation to these species but not the third putative parent, E. astringens subsp. redacta. These findings confirm that E. bennettiae is a hybrid and evaluation of the taxon for conservation protection shows that it does not satisfy the criteria for listing as a threatened species.

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32

White, Donald A., D. Stuart Crombie, Joe Kinal, Michael Battaglia, John F. McGrath, Daniel S. Mendham i Scott N. Walker. "Managing productivity and drought risk in Eucalyptus globulus plantations in south-western Australia". Forest Ecology and Management 259, nr 1 (grudzień 2009): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.039.

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Greenwood, DR. "Eocene monsoon forests in central Australia?" Australian Systematic Botany 9, nr 2 (1996): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9960095.

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The Australian Tertiary plant fossil record documents rainforests of a tropical to temperate character in south-eastern and south-western Australia for much of the Early Tertiary, and also shows the climatically mediated contraction of these rainforests in the mid to Late Tertiary. The fossil record of Australian monsoon forests, that is semi-evergreen to deciduous vine forests and woodlands of the wet-dry tropics, however, is poorly known. Phytogeographic analyses have suggested an immigrant origin for some floral elements of present day monsoon forests in northern Australia, while other elements appear to have a common history with the tropical rainforests sensu stricto and/or the sclerophyllous flora. Early Tertiary macrofloras in northern South Australia may provide some insight into the origins of Australian tropical monsoon forests. The Middle Eocene macrofloras of the Poole Creek palaeochannel, and the ?Eocene-Oligocene silcrete macrofloras of Stuart Creek, both in the vicinity of modern Lake Eyre South, have foliar physiognomic characteristics which distinguish them from both modern rainforest and Eocene-Oligocene floras from south-eastern Australia. Preliminary systematic work on these floras suggests the presence of: (1) elements not associated today with monsoon forests (principally 'rainforest' elements, e.g. Gymnostoma, cf. Lophostemon, cf. Athertonia, Podocarpaceae, ?Cunoniaceae); (2) elements typical of both monsoon forests and other tropical plant communities (e.g. cf. Eucalyptus, cf. Syzygium, and Elaeocarpaceae); (3) elements likely to be reflecting sclerophyllous communities (e.g. cf. Eucalyptus, Banksieae and other Proteaceae); and (4) elements more typically associated with, but not restricted to, monsoon forests (e.g. Brachychiton). The foliar physiognomic and floristic evidence is interpreted as indicating a mosaic of gallery or riverine rainforests, and interfluve sclerophyllous plant communities near Lake Eyre in the Early Tertiary; deciduous forest components are not clearly indicated. Palaeoclimatic analysis of the Eocene Poole Creek floras suggests that rainfall was seasonal in the Lake Eyre area in the Eocene; however, whether this seasonality reflects a monsoonal airflow is not clear.

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Bell, DT, S. Vlahos i LE Watson. "Stimulation of Seed-Germination of Understorey Species of the Northern Jarrah Forest of Western-Australia". Australian Journal of Botany 35, nr 5 (1987): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9870593.

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Glasshouse trials in trays of soil measured the germination response to high temperatures and the presence of charcoal in 40 non-leguminous understorey species of the northern jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Smith) forest. Species producing relatively low proportions of viable and germinable seeds tended to be the long-lived resprouting species where reproductive output may not be of major adaptive significance. Three species, Conostylis setosa, Trymalium ledifolium and T. spathulaturn, with seed stored in the soil, were stimulated to germinate by high temperatures. Bradysporous, obligate reseeding species showed either no temperature effect (mainly species of Dryandra) or death at high temperatures (species of Hakea, whose seeds normally are protected by woody fruits). Charred wood of Eucalyptus marginata induced an increase in the proportion of Burchardia umbellata germinating under the test conditions. Relationships of the seed germination results to aspects of r- and K- selection theory and fire management policy in the northern jarrah forest are also discussed.

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35

Moore, T. L., M. D. Craig, L. E. Valentine, G. E. St J. Hardy i P. A. Fleming. "Signs of wildlife activity and Eucalyptus wandoo condition". Australian Mammalogy 36, nr 2 (2014): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am13022.

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Soil disturbance by terrestrial vertebrates when foraging for food and shelter is not only a sign of activity but an ecosystem function required for soil health. Many forests and woodlands worldwide are currently showing signs of a decline in condition due to various causes. Eucalyptus wandoo, endemic to south-west Western Australia, has undergone a decline in condition over the last decade. This paper explores the influence of E. wandoo condition (e.g. loss of canopy) and the associated changes in the habitat (e.g. changes in leaf litter and bare ground cover) on the foraging activities and soil disturbance by vertebrates. The number of diggings and scats, a representation of the foraging effort by some vertebrates, were recorded in Dryandra Woodland and Wandoo Conservation Park, Western Australia. Mixed-model ANOVAs were used to explore the relationships between the number of scats and diggings with tree and habitat characteristics. More vertebrate diggings and scats were recorded beneath healthier E. wandoo trees. Diggings and scats were also correlated with time since last fire and seasonal differences, with more time since last fire and wetter months related to more diggings and scats. Changes in foraging effort, or turnover of soil by vertebrates, could be a result modification of the level of soil turnover and alter many ecosystem services such as tree recruitment and nutrient cycling, in turn altering the habitat quality and even tree condition itself.

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36

Gould, James S., W. Lachlan McCaw i N. Phillip Cheney. "Quantifying fine fuel dynamics and structure in dry eucalypt forest (Eucalyptus marginata) in Western Australia for fire management". Forest Ecology and Management 262, nr 3 (sierpień 2011): 531–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.022.

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Loch, A. D. "Phenology of Eucalyptus weevil, Gonipterus scutellatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and chrysomelid beetles in Eucalyptus globulus plantations in south-western Australia". Agricultural and Forest Entomology 8, nr 2 (maj 2006): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-9563.2006.00294.x.

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KOJIMA, Toshinori, Noriko SAITO, Yoshiko TANAKA, Hiroyuki HAMANO, Shigeru KATO, Kiyotaka TAHARA, Nobuhide TAKAHASHI i Koichi YAMADA. "Behavior of Nutrions in Sap of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Arid Land of Western Australia". JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY OF HYDROLOGY & WATER RESOURCES 20, nr 4 (2007): 340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3178/jjshwr.20.340.

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Fox, J. E. D., J. R. Neilsen i J. M. Osborne. "Eucalyptus seedling growth and salt tolerance from the north-eastern goldfields of Western Australia". Journal of Arid Environments 19, nr 1 (lipiec 1990): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1963(18)30828-0.

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Carnegie, A. J., P. J. Keane i F. D. Podger. "The impact of three species of Mycosphaerella newly recorded on Eucalyptus in Western Australia". Australasian Plant Pathology 26, nr 2 (1997): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap97012.

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Callister, A. N., N. England i S. Collins. "Genetic analysis of Eucalyptus globulus diameter, straightness, branch size, and forking in Western Australia". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, nr 6 (czerwiec 2011): 1333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-036.

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Eucalyptus globulus Labill. is increasingly considered for supply of solid-wood products such as sawlogs, yet genetic studies of solid-wood traits have been lacking. We estimated genetic parameters of growth and form traits that affect log value in full-sib families from two advanced-generation breeding populations on eight sites in Western Australia. Mean single-site heritability was 0.11 ± 0.01 for diameter at breast height (DBH), 0.28 ± 0.05 for stem straightness, 0.09 ± 0.02 for branch thickness, and 0.05 ± 0.02 for forking incidence. Dominance effects were significant (p < 0.05) at four sites for DBH and branch thickness and at three sites (one population) for straightness. Mean intersite additive genetic correlations were 0.76 ± 0.06 for DBH (n = 7), 0.75 ± 0.11 for stem straightness (n = 7), and 0.58 ± 0.07 for branch thickness (n = 4). Mean intersite dominance genetic correlations were 0.90 ± 0.04 for DBH (n = 7), 0.26 ± 0.27 (n = 4) for straightness, and 0.68 ± 0.11 for branch thickness (n = 3). Additive genetic correlations between DBH and straightness ranged from –0.71 ± 0.23 to 0.33 ± 0.19 with an average of –0.18 ± 0.12 (n = 8). Genetic correlations between DBH and branch thickness were mostly weak although straightness was generally associated with thinner branches (mean additive correlation 0.44 ± 0.15, n = 6). We conclude that prospects appear favourable for improving the solid-wood value of E. globulus by selection and breeding.

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42

Hopper, Stephen D., i Nathan K. McQuoid. "Two new rare species and a new hybrid in Eucalyptus series Tetrapterae (Myrtaceae) from southern coastal Western Australia". Australian Systematic Botany 22, nr 3 (2009): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb06034.

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Three new rare taxa allied to the conspicuous, common four-winged mallee (Eucalyptus tetraptera Turcz.) are described. E. sweedmaniana is a large-leaved and prostrate coastal mallee known only from Mount Arid, Western Australia. E. brandiana, a non-lignotuberous mallet, occupies spongolite hilltops and escarpments near the Fitzgerald River Inlet in Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia. A single hybrid mallet, E. arborella × brandiana, is described from the type locality of E. brandiana. Both new species and the new hybrid show potential for horticultural use, given their compact habit, large leaves and conspicuous red floral hypanthia and fruits. E. arborella × brandiana and E. brandiana are particularly at risk, being highly localised endemics that are killed by fire.

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43

Bougher, NL, BA Fuhrer i E. Horak. "Taxonomy and biogeography of Australian Rozites species mycorrhizal with Nothofagus and Myrtaceae". Australian Systematic Botany 7, nr 4 (1994): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9940353.

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Seven species of the putatively obligately ectomycorrhizal fungal genus Rozites are described from Australian Nothofagus and myrtaceaeous forests. Rozites metallica, R. armeniacovelata, R. foetens, and R. occulta are new species associated with Nothofagus in south eastern Australia. Rozites fusipes, previously known only from New Zealand, is reported from Tasmanian Nothofagus forests. Rozites roseolilacina and R. symea are new species associated with Eucalyptus in south eastern and south western Australia respectively. The significance of these Rozites species to mycorrhizal and biogeographical theories, such as the origin of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with myrtaceous plants in Australia are discussed. The diversity of Rozites species in Australia, which equals or exceeds that of other southern regions, furthers the notion that many species of the genus co-evolved with Nothofagus in the Southern Hemisphere. Rozites symea in Western Australia occurs well outside the current geographic range of Nothofagus. It is considered to be a relict species that has survived the shift in dominant ectomycorrhizal forest tree type from Nothofagus to Myrtaceae (local extinction of Nothofagus 4–5 million years ago), and is most likely now confined to the high rainfall zone in the south west. Data on Rozites in Australia support the concept that at least some of the present set of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Myrtaceae in Australia are those which successfully completed a host change from Nothofagus, and adapted to changing climate, vegetation and soil conditions during and since the Tertiary. We suggest that the ancient stock of Rozites arose somewhere within the geographical range of a Cretaceous fagalean complex of plant taxa. By the end of the Cretaceous, Rozites and the fagalean complex may have spanned the Asian–Australian region including perhaps many Southern Hemisphere regions. A northern portion of the ancestral Rozites stock gave rise to extant Northern Hemisphere Rozites species and a southern portion speciated as Nothofagus itself speciated.

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44

McDonald, M. W., M. Rawlings, P. A. Butcher i J. C. Bell. "Regional divergence and inbreeding in Eucalyptus cladocalyx (Myrtaceae)". Australian Journal of Botany 51, nr 4 (2003): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt02106.

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Eucalyptus cladocalyx F.Muell. is a widely cultivated tree in dryland southern Australia. It is grown for firewood, timber production and as a windbreak and ornamental species. Natural populations of E. cladocalyx are endemic to South Australia where they occur in three disjunct regions. This study assessed the mating system and patterns of genetic diversity in natural populations of E. cladocalyx by using allozymes. Populations had relatively low levels of genetic diversity (HE = 0.148) and high levels of genetic divergence (θ = 0.26) among populations, similar to other regionally distributed eucalypts. Populations clustered into three distinct groups, which corresponded to its disjunct natural distribution. Genetic differentiation among populations and between regions was highly significant. Relatively high levels of inbreeding (tm = 0.57) were detected in natural populations of E.�cladocalyx. Outcrossing rates were highly variable among families, ranging from 0 to 100%. One-third of families from four populations had outcrossing rates that were not significantly different from zero. The origins of three commercially significant, cultivated stands of E. cladocalyx were also assessed. Allozyme profiles of cultivated stands from Wail and Lismore in western Victoria suggested origins in the Wirrabara region of the southern Flinders Ranges, while a cultivated stand of E. cladocalyx var. nana Hort. ex Yates had an allozyme profile consistent with origins in the Eyre Peninsula region. The results are discussed in relation to the species' morphological variation, biogeography and the implications for its domestication and conservation.

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45

Shearer, BL. "Impact and Symptoms of Armillaria-Luteobubaliula in Rehabilitation Plantings of Eucalyptus-Saligna in Forests of Eucalyptus-Marginata in South-Western Australia". Australasian Plant Pathology 24, nr 2 (1995): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/app9950077.

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Howard, Kay, Bernie Dell i Giles E. Hardy. "Phosphite and mycorrhizal formation in seedlings of three Australian Myrtaceae". Australian Journal of Botany 48, nr 6 (2000): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt00007.

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Currently in Western Australia, phosphite is being used to contain the root and collar rot pathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi, in native plant communities. There have been reports of negative effects of phosphite on arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), so there are concerns that it may have a deleterious effect on other mycorrhizal fungi. Two glasshouse experiments were undertaken to determine the impact of phosphite on eucalypt-associated ectomycorrhizal fungi. In the first experiment, non-mycorrhizal seedlings of Eucalyptus marginata, Eucalyptus globulus and Agonis flexuosa were sprayed to runoff with several concentrations of phosphite, and then planted into soil naturally infested with early colonising mycorrhizal species. Assessments were made of percentage of roots infected with mycorrhizal fungi. There was no significant effect on ectomycorrhizal formation but there was a four-fold increase in AM colonisation of A. flexuosa roots with phosphite application. In the second experiment, E. globulus seedlings mycorrhizal with Pisolithus, Scleroderma and Descolea were treated with different levels of phosphite and infection of new roots by ectomycorrhizal fungi was assessed. There was no significant effect on ectomycorrhizal formation when phosphite was applied at the recommended rate (5 g L–1), while at 10 g L–1 phosphite significantly decreased infection by Descolea.

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47

Shearer, BL, i JT Tippett. "Distribution and Impact of Armillaria luteobubalina in the Eucalyptus marginata Forest of South-Western Australia". Australian Journal of Botany 36, nr 4 (1988): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9880433.

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Armillaria luteobubalina is a widespread primary pathogen in the Eucalyptus marginata forest of south-western Australia. Over 200 infection centres were identified during the 5-year period between 1981 and 1985. The fungus sporulated during June and July, usually from roots but sometimes from stems (e.g. E. calophylla). Armillaria luteobubalina basidiomes were found originating from roots of 34 plant species, with greatest incidence on roots of E. marginata. Root systems were excavated and patterns of A . Luteobubalina invasion recorded. Rhizomorphs were not found and fungal spread between hosts was via root to root contacts, Variation in host species' susceptibility to the fungus was reflected in different patterns of xylem compartmentalisation and variable amounts of cambial damage. The degree of resistance expressed at the collar or lower stem determined the fate of individuals of the various species. Lack of resistance in Eucalyptus wandoo to tangential spread of A. luteobubalina often resulted in death by the time columns of decay had advanced into the lower stem or butt. Banksia grandis, E. calophylla, E. gomphocephala, and E. marginata resisted to varying degrees. Inverted V-shaped lesions, often mis- taken for fire scars, were evidence of the ability of E. gomphocephala and E. marginata individuals to resist tangential spread and prevent girdling of stems. In stems of E. calophylla, lesions did not have a definite V shape, decay penetrated deeper and the fungus persisted longer than in those of E. marginata. Host mortality following infection was greater in the intermediate- and low-rainfall zones of the eastern E. marginata forest than in the high-rainfall zone to the west.

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48

Koch, J. M., i S. C. Ward. "Thirteen-year growth of jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) on rehabilitated bauxite mines in south-western Australia". Australian Forestry 68, nr 3 (styczeń 2005): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2005.10674963.

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Elliott, C. P., i M. Byrne. "Phylogenetics and the conservation of rare taxa in the Eucalyptus angustissima complex in Western Australia". Conservation Genetics 5, nr 1 (2004): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:coge.0000014063.56405.93.

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Mazanec, R. A., i M. L. Mason. "Genetic variation in Eucalyptus diversicolor F. Muell. in Western Australia and potential gains from selection". Forest Ecology and Management 62, nr 1-4 (grudzień 1993): 285–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(93)90055-r.

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