Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Eucalypts

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Eucalypts”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Eucalypts"

1

Macphail, Mike, i Andrew H. Thornhill. "How old are the eucalypts? A review of the microfossil and phylogenetic evidence". Australian Journal of Botany 64, nr 8 (2016): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt16124.

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Molecular age estimates for the Eucalypteae (family Myrtaceae) suggest that the eucalypts, possibly associated with fire, have been present for ~65 million years. In contrast, macrofossils and fossil pollen attributable to three important eucalypt genera (Angophora, Corymbia and Eucalyptus) in the Eucalypteae date to ~51–53 million years ago (mid-Early Eocene) in Patagonia, eastern Antarctica and south-eastern Australia. At present, there is no fossil evidence to show that eucalypts had evolved before this epoch, i.e. when Australia was part of eastern Gondwana, although this seems probable on the basis of molecular-dated phylogenetic analyses. The primary reason is the absence of macrofossils, whereas the earliest fossil eucalypt-type pollen recorded (Myrtaceidites tenuis) is attributed to Angophora and Corymbia, not Eucalyptus. This pollen type is recorded in Australia and Antarctica but not in New Zealand or South America. The only Myrtaceidites morphospecies found in Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene deposits in Australia is M. parvus, whose affinity lies with multiple extant Myrtaceae groups other than the Eucalypteae. In the present paper, we review current phylogenetic and microfossil databases for the eucalypts and assess this evidence to develop a ‘consensus’ position on the origin and evolution of the eucalypts in the Australian region.
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Wu, Yi Qiang, Hayashi Kazuo i Ying Chun Cai. "Collapse-Type Shrinkage in Plantation-Grown Eucalyptus Cells When Subjected to Heat-Steam Treatment". Materials Science Forum 620-622 (kwiecień 2009): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.217.

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Collapse-type shrinkage in plantation-grown Eucalyptus cells is a bottleneck to severely restrict its high-effective utilization as environment-friendly solid-wood products. So, measurement of collapse-shrinkage parameters on seven species of Eucalypts (Eucalyptus urophylla, E.grandis, E.urophylla×grandis, E.grandis ×urophylla, E. dunnii, E. cloeziana and E. pellita) have been carried out under three kinds of treated patterns (heating, steaming and combined treatment) by means of image analysis technique. The results indicated that the total shrinkage and residual collapse increase obviously with heating temperature and steaming time for five species of low-density eucalypts(E.urophylla, E.grandis, E.urophylla×grandis, E.grandis ×urophylla and E. dunnii), while increase slightly for other two species of higher-density Eucalypts (E.cloeziana and E.pellita). Combined treatment has not made the total shrinkage and residual collapse take on the additive trend, especially for higher-density Eucalyptus. Therefore, the results will provide the important practical significance for the reasonable processing of plantation-grown eucalypt wood.
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McCarthy, Andrew. "Eucalypt Ecology: Individuals to Ecosystems". Pacific Conservation Biology 4, nr 2 (1998): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980174.

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Eucalypt ecologists in Australia finally have a text that is a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge on eucalypt ecology. This book incorporates and expands on ideas found in Eucalyptus, the Universal Australian by Pryor and Johnson (1981) and Pryor's (1976) The Biology of Eucalypts.
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Bayly, Michael J. "Phylogenetic studies of eucalypts: fossils, morphology and genomes". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 128, nr 1 (2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs16002.

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The eucalypt group includes seven genera: Eucalyptus, Corymbia, Angophora, Eucalyptopsis, Stockwellia, Allosyncarpia and Arillastrum. Knowledge of eucalypt phylogeny underpins classification of the group, and facilitates understanding of their ecology, conservation and economic use, as well as providing insight into the history of Australia’s flora. Studies of fossils and phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular data have made substantial contributions to understanding of eucalypt relationships and biogeography, but relationships among some genera are still uncertain, and there is controversy about generic circumscription of the bloodwood eucalypts (genus Corymbia). Relationships at lower taxonomic levels, e.g. among sections and series of Eucalyptus, are also not well resolved. Recent advances in DNA sequencing methods offer the ability to obtain large genomic datasets that will enable improved understanding of eucalypt evolution.
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Espinosa-García, Francisco J. "Revisión sobre la alelopatía de Eucalyptus L'Herit". Botanical Sciences, nr 58 (27.04.2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1487.

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Some eucalyptus species can be associated to the production of zones where vegetation is absent, sparse and/or less diverse and vigorous than surrounding zones away from eucalypts. These zones have been documented with eucalypts growing as native or introduced species. Yield reduction and poor plant performance is frequent when some crops, annual or perennial, are planted within or around eucalypt stands. Although competition for water, light and nutrients can explain some of these inhibition patterns, it is insufficient to explain others. Field evidence suggests that allelopathy explains, at least partially, the aforementioned inhibition areas. Inhibition zones are absent where the soil does not accumulate allelochemicals and the watering or rainy regime leaches them out, or the plants surronding eucalypts are unaffected by the chemicals. Phenolic acids, tannins, flavonoids and/or terpenoids have been isolated from eucalypt bark, litter and leaves; leaf hates or extracts from these parts have been shown to be phytotoxic in vitro and in greenhouse experiments for most target speciestested. Allelochemicals are normally released, from intact, dead or alive, eucalypt tissues and accumulated in water or soil in concentrations high enough to produce allelopathic effects. Milled or chopped eucalypt parts release more allelochemicals and faster than intact parts. Although no published work contains a li the undisputed evidence required to demonstrate eucalypts allelopathy, the body of evidence in the published works suggests that some eucalypt species do produce allelopathic effects in natural conditions.
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Bauhus, Jürgen, Aaron P. van Winden i Adrienne B. Nicotra. "Aboveground interactions and productivity in mixed-species plantations of Acacia mearnsii and Eucalyptus globulus". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, nr 3 (1.03.2004): 686–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-243.

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This study compared productivity in mixed-species plantations of Eucalyptus globulus ssp. pseudoglobulus (Naudin ex Maiden) Kirkpatr. and Acacia mearnsii de Wild with pure stands of each species and investigated how this might be explained by canopy stratification between species and changes in leaf characteristics of eucalypts. Investigations were carried out at a trial using the replacement series design, which consisted of the following combinations: 100% eucalypts (100%E), 75% eucalypts + 25% acacia (75%E:25%A), 50% eucalypts + 50% acacia (50%E:50%A), 25% eucalypts + 75% acacia (25%E:75%A), and 100% acacia (100%A). At 9.5 years, stem volume and biomass were highest in 50%E:50%A treatments. Canopy stratification occurred in all mixtures, with acacias in the lower and eucalypts in the upper canopy stratum. This and the increasing canopy light interception with increasing proportion of acacia in the mixture indicated that A. mearnsii is substantially more shade tolerant than E. globulus. Midcanopy foliage of E. globulus in the 50%E:50%A mixture had higher foliage nitrogen (N) but lower phosphorus (P) concentrations and lower light-saturated net photosynthesis rates (Amax) than those in the 100%E treatment. In addition, similar relationships between eucalypt crown volume and stem biomass across treatments indicated that eucalypt crowns were not more efficient in mixture. Our study indicates that the productivity gains in these mixtures may be partially attributable to aboveground niche separation between species.
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Majer, Jonathan D., i Harry F. Recher. "Are eucalypts Brazil's friend or foe? An entomological viewpoint". Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 28, nr 2 (czerwiec 1999): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0301-80591999000200001.

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Vast areas of Brazil are being planted to Eucalyptus in order to provide renewable sources of timber, charcoal and cellulose. Although the rapid growth and productivity of various Eucalyptus species undoubtedly relaxes the pressure on logging of native forests, there are ecological costs. Firstly, some eucalypt species are vulnerable to pest outbreaks. A large number of native Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and leaf-cutting ants (Atta spp.), some of which have become pests, have been found on eucalypts growing in Brazil. Probably, the diverse myrtaceous flora of South America supports a fauna that can adapt to the introduced Eucalyptus species. Secondly, the leaf litter produced under Eucalyptus plantations differs substantially from that of native forests both in terms of its physical structure and chemistry, posing a range of problems for the native decomposer fauna. If microarthropod diversity is reduced, nutrient cycling could be impeded under eucalypt plantations. Thirdly, native forest canopies support a massive diversity and biomass of arthropods on which many birds, reptiles and mammals depend for food. The evidence is that invertebrate biomass and diversity are greatly reduced in the canopies of exotic eucalypt plantations. This, in turn, reduces the food-base on which forest arthropods and other animals depend, and hence their conservation status. This paper reviews the evidence for adverse ecological effects in Brazilian eucalypt plantations and suggests ways in which Brazil might meet its forestry needs, while conserving forest invertebrates and the vertebrates that depend on them.
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Old, KM, i T. Kobayashi. "Eucalypts Are Susceptible to the Chestnut Blight Fungus, Cryphonectria Parasitica". Australian Journal of Botany 36, nr 5 (1988): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9880599.

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Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. haemastoma, E, microcorys, E. punctata and E. robusta grown in greenhouses in Japan were susceptible to infection by Cryphonectria parasitica, syn. Endothia parasitica. A Cryphonectria sp. found on Eucalyptus in central Honshu was morphologically identical to C. parasitica and caused cankers on the five eucalypts and Castanea crenata. Endothiella, the anamorph of Cryphonectria. spp, and Endothia spp., was found on eucalypts in four field locations in Honshu. The evidence suggests that eucalypts are infected in the field by C. parasitica in Japan. Accidental introduction of the chestnut blight fungus into Australia could have serious consequences for the health of native eucalypts, in addition to causing disease of cultivated chestnuts.
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Booth, Trevor H. "Eucalypts and Their Potential for Invasiveness Particularly in Frost-Prone Regions". International Journal of Forestry Research 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/837165.

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Eucalypts are being considered for biofuel production in the Lower Coastal Plain of the United States. The evolution of eucalypts in Australia has equipped some species to be successful in plantations and has also influenced their potential as invasive species. More than 200 eucalypt species have been evaluated in many countries around the world. Generally eucalypts have proved to have limited invasive potential for a number of reasons, including their poor dispersal capabilities. Two regions with climates similar to the Lower Coastal Plain of the United States are identified in Argentina and China. Frosts, particularly sudden frosts, are an important limitation for eucalypts in these regions, so existing plantations are very limited. However, invasive eucalypts do not appear to be a major problem in other regions of either country. The use of carefully selected frost-tolerant species and the development of genetically modified eucalypts may now open up more frost-affected areas for eucalypt plantations. Some control actions may be necessary and research needs are outlined, but it is concluded that experience in other regions around the world suggests that eucalypts are likely to be a relatively low risk as invasive species in the Lower Coastal Plain.
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Cabral, João Paulo. "A entrada na Europa e a expansão inicial do eucalipto em Portugal Continental". História da Ciência e Ensino: construindo interfaces 20 (29.12.2019): 8–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2178-2911.2019v20espp18-27.

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Resumo As primeiras observações e recolhas de eucaliptos ocorreram nas grandes viagens inglesas e francesas ao Pacífico, em particular à Austrália, em finais do século XVIII. O género Eucalyptus L'Hér. foi estabelecido em 1788, e logo nas duas décadas seguintes seriam descritas, por botânicos franceses e ingleses, muitas espécies novas. O primeiro eucalipto cultivado em Inglaterra foi trazido, em 1774, na segunda viagem de James Cook. Em França, a introdução terá sido feita em 1804, no Jardim Botânico de Montpellier, na Alemanha em 1809, no Jardim Botânico de Berlim, e em Itália, em 1813, no Jardim Botânico de Nápoles. Em Portugal, a introdução do eucalipto foi muito posterior a estas datas. Na propriedade do duque de Palmela no Lumiar, foram plantados dois eucaliptos em 1850-1852. No Horto Botânico da Escola Médico-Cirúrgica de Lisboa, existia em 1852, pelo menos um espécimen, certamente para uso ou demonstração das suas propriedades terapêuticas. A partir da década de 1860, a expansão foi muito rápida. Em 1869, a companhia real dos caminhos-de-ferro portugueses iniciou a plantação de eucaliptos nas estações, casas de guarda e ao longo da via-férrea. As primeiras plantações em larga escala terão ocorrido na década de 1880 em propriedades perto de Abrantes arrendadas por William T. Tait. Em 1886 estavam já plantados 150 mil eucaliptos. Nesta mesma década começou a plantação, em escala apreciável, de eucaliptos nas Matas Nacionais. Em finais do século XX, tinham sido introduzidas em Portugal cerca de 250 espécies, sendo o Eucalyptus globulus Labill., a espécie largamente dominante. É interessante constatar que tendo sido um dos países europeus que mais tarde introduziu a cultura do eucalipto, Portugal é hoje, a nível mundial, um dos que apresenta maior percentagem da sua área florestal dedicada a esta cultura.Palavras-chave: eucalipto; jardins botânicos; Portugal. Abstract The earliest observations and collections of eucalypts occurred on the great English and French voyages to the Pacific, particularly Australia, in the late 18th century. The genus Eucalyptus L'Hér. was described in 1788, and soon in the following two decades, many species would be described by French and English botanists. The first eucalypt grown in England was brought in 1774 on James Cook's second voyage. In France, the introduction seems to have occurred in 1804, at the Botanical Garden of Montpellier, in Germany in 1809, at the Botanical Garden of Berlin, and in Italy, in 1813, at the Botanical Garden of Naples. In Portugal, the introduction of eucalypts was much later than these dates. In the property of the Duke of Palmela in Lumiar, two eucalypts were planted in 1850-1852. The Botanical Garden of the Medical-Surgical School of Lisbon had in 1852, at least one specimen, certainly for use or demonstration of its therapeutic properties. From the 1860s the expansion was very rapid. In 1869, the royal company of the Portuguese railways began planting eucalypts in the stations, guard houses and along the railroad. The first large-scale plantations occurred in the 1880s in properties near Abrantes leased by William T. Tait. By 1886, 150,000 eucalypts were already planted. In the same decade began the planting, on an appreciable scale, of eucalypts in “Matas Nacionais”. By the end of the 20th century about 250 species had been introduced in Portugal, being Eucalyptus globulus Labill., the species largely dominant. It is interesting to note that Portugal, one of the European countries that later introduced the eucalypt, is today, worldwide, one of the countries with the highest percentage of its forest area dedicated to this culture. Keywords: eucalypt; botanical gardens; Portugal.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Eucalypts"

1

Holman, James, i n/a. "Clines, Species and Eucalypts: An Evolutionary Perspective". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030527.124144.

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Two eucalypt clines were examined using morphological, ecophysiological and molecular analyses. The species complexes examined were an ironbark complex (Eucalyptus melanophloia x E. whitei) and a box complex (E. brownii x E. populnea). Both of these complexes demonstrate continuous morphological variation across their clines. The origin of these morphological clines has previously been interpreted as the product of secondary contact between allopatric species. In this study, an analysis of morphological variation across the clines did not identify an increase in trait variance in the intermediate populations, which suggests that previous theories concerning the origin of these clines may not be valid. Genetic structuring in nuclear and chloroplast DNA was examined across the clines to investigate whether the morphological clines were the product of secondary contact between two independent evolutionary lineages, or whether the clines represent a single evolutionary lineage that has undergone primary differentiation. The microsatellite analyses indicated that there was little genetic structuring across either cline, and that there were only low levels of population differentiation. The lack of hierarchical structuring in the distribution of nuclear genetic variation suggests that these clines are unlikely to be the product of recent gene flow between two formerly allopatric species/populations. A nested clade analysis of the JLA+ region of the cpDNA provides additional evidence to reject the null hypothesis that the morphospecies classifications represent distinct evolutionary lineages. Instead the analyses indicate that each cline represents a single cohesion species and a single evolutionary lineage. The phylogeographic distribution of cpDNA haplotypes is likely to have resulted from restricted seed mediated gene flow with isolation by distance. A more cogent explanation for the clines, based on the genetic data, is that they have arisen through the process of continuous morphological diversification that has been promoted by a directional selection gradient. Drought experiments were conducted in the glasshouse to investigate whether differences in physiological performance under water stress helps to explain the maintenance of the ironbark cline. Under increasing water stress, the morphotypes showed differences in their ability to maintain water status and photosynthetic rates, yet there was no obvious pattern to these differences across the cline. Physiological differences are therefore inadequate to explain the maintenance of the ironbark cline and highlight the compensatory role that morphological variation may play in alleviating water stress. The value of adopting the cohesion species concept and a hypothesis-testing framework to assess species status is demonstrated in this study. This framework provided a statistical approach to distinguish independent evolutionary lineages from interspecific populations and provides evidence to refute the current species status of the species complexes studied. Eucalypt classification is predominantly based on morphology, which results in taxonomic classification that may not reflect genealogical relationships. This is due to the disparity between morphological and phylogenetic relationships. I therefore suggest that current presumptions regarding the prevalence and importance of hybridisation within the genus may reflect taxonomic classification. An accurate assessment of the prevalence and importance of hybridisation requires species classification to be based on genealogical relationships.
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Holman, James. "Clines, Species and Eucalypts: An Evolutionary Perspective". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365394.

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Two eucalypt clines were examined using morphological, ecophysiological and molecular analyses. The species complexes examined were an ironbark complex (Eucalyptus melanophloia x E. whitei) and a box complex (E. brownii x E. populnea). Both of these complexes demonstrate continuous morphological variation across their clines. The origin of these morphological clines has previously been interpreted as the product of secondary contact between allopatric species. In this study, an analysis of morphological variation across the clines did not identify an increase in trait variance in the intermediate populations, which suggests that previous theories concerning the origin of these clines may not be valid. Genetic structuring in nuclear and chloroplast DNA was examined across the clines to investigate whether the morphological clines were the product of secondary contact between two independent evolutionary lineages, or whether the clines represent a single evolutionary lineage that has undergone primary differentiation. The microsatellite analyses indicated that there was little genetic structuring across either cline, and that there were only low levels of population differentiation. The lack of hierarchical structuring in the distribution of nuclear genetic variation suggests that these clines are unlikely to be the product of recent gene flow between two formerly allopatric species/populations. A nested clade analysis of the JLA+ region of the cpDNA provides additional evidence to reject the null hypothesis that the morphospecies classifications represent distinct evolutionary lineages. Instead the analyses indicate that each cline represents a single cohesion species and a single evolutionary lineage. The phylogeographic distribution of cpDNA haplotypes is likely to have resulted from restricted seed mediated gene flow with isolation by distance. A more cogent explanation for the clines, based on the genetic data, is that they have arisen through the process of continuous morphological diversification that has been promoted by a directional selection gradient. Drought experiments were conducted in the glasshouse to investigate whether differences in physiological performance under water stress helps to explain the maintenance of the ironbark cline. Under increasing water stress, the morphotypes showed differences in their ability to maintain water status and photosynthetic rates, yet there was no obvious pattern to these differences across the cline. Physiological differences are therefore inadequate to explain the maintenance of the ironbark cline and highlight the compensatory role that morphological variation may play in alleviating water stress. The value of adopting the cohesion species concept and a hypothesis-testing framework to assess species status is demonstrated in this study. This framework provided a statistical approach to distinguish independent evolutionary lineages from interspecific populations and provides evidence to refute the current species status of the species complexes studied. Eucalypt classification is predominantly based on morphology, which results in taxonomic classification that may not reflect genealogical relationships. This is due to the disparity between morphological and phylogenetic relationships. I therefore suggest that current presumptions regarding the prevalence and importance of hybridisation within the genus may reflect taxonomic classification. An accurate assessment of the prevalence and importance of hybridisation requires species classification to be based on genealogical relationships.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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King, Rachel, i n/a. "Spatial Structure and Population Genetic Variation in a Eucalypt Species Complex". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050113.091713.

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In this study, the relative influences of selection, gene flow, and other evolutionary forces on the spatial structure of genetic variation within a eucalypt species complex (the spotted gums: genus Corymbia, section Politaria) were assessed. The study investigated the spatial genetic structure among four putative species of spotted gum (broad-scale), as well as within a single population (fine-scale)of one species, using both molecular and quantitative markers. The spotted gum complex occurs naturally across a range of 2500 km in eastern Australia. Spatial genetic variation within and between the four putative spotted gum species was examined using both chloroplast and nuclear markers. No significant differentiation was found between the three northern species of the complex, C. citriodora, C. variegata and C. henryi. The southern species, C. maculata, shared no haplotypes with any of the three northern species. These results disagree in part with those reported in a previous allozyme based study in which C. henryi was found to be significantly divergent from C. variegata (with which it is sympatric) and more closely aligned with C. maculata. Re-analysis of the allozyme data provided evidence of selection acting at the PGM2 locus within populations of C. variegata and C. henryi. The exclusion of this locus from the data set led to concordance between the cpDNA and nDNA analyses. Restricted gene flow and evidence of isolation by distance were identified as the dominant processes influencing the contemporary distribution of the cpDNA haplotypes. No geographic structure of haplotypes was found and complex genealogical relationships between haplotypes indicated the combined effects of past fragmentation, range expansion and possible long distance dispersal events. The variation and spatial structure in both neutral molecular markers and quantitative genetic traits were compared to explore the relative influences of dispersal and selection within a single eucalypt population. Both mature trees (n=130) from a natural population of C. variegata and their progeny (n=127) were sampled. A very high outcrossing rate (98%) was estimated for the population based on data from seven microsatellite loci. This suggested regular pollen–mediated gene flow into the population, further supported by the observed high levels of genetic diversity and polymorphism. Significant positive spatial structure was found between parent trees occurring up to 150 m apart in the natural forest, although genetic distance between these individuals suggested limited relatedness (i.e. less than half-sib relatedness). The effect of pollen-mediated gene flow appears, therefore, to swamp any effect of nearest neighbour inbreeding which has been reported in other studies of eucalypt populations and has been attributed to limited seed dispersal. Resistance to the fungal disease Sporothrix pitereka (Ramularia Shoot Blight) was measured on progeny from each of the population study trees. Substantial resistance variability was found, along with a high estimate in heritability of resistance (0.44 ± 0.06), indicating significant additive genetic variation within the population. Spatial analysis showed no significant spatial structure with resistant and susceptible genotypes apparently distributed randomly throughout the population. The lack of concordance between the molecular and quantitative markers suggests that there may be a cost to resistance. Temporal variation in the severity of disease outbreaks may have then led to differential selection of seedlings across many generations, maintaining variability in disease resistance and facilitating the apparent random distribution of disease resistant and susceptible genotypes throughout the population. C. variegata is an important commercial forestry species. The identification of strong genetic control in the disease resistance trait, as well as significant adverse genetic and phenotypic correlations between susceptibility and growth traits, will aid future breeding programs. Controlled crosses between resistant genotypes from this population should result in strong genetic gains in both resistance and growth, with little costs associated with inbreeding depression due to the highly outcrossed nature of the population.
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King, Rachel. "Spatial Structure and Population Genetic Variation in a Eucalypt Species Complex". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365496.

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In this study, the relative influences of selection, gene flow, and other evolutionary forces on the spatial structure of genetic variation within a eucalypt species complex (the spotted gums: genus Corymbia, section Politaria) were assessed. The study investigated the spatial genetic structure among four putative species of spotted gum (broad-scale), as well as within a single population (fine-scale)of one species, using both molecular and quantitative markers. The spotted gum complex occurs naturally across a range of 2500 km in eastern Australia. Spatial genetic variation within and between the four putative spotted gum species was examined using both chloroplast and nuclear markers. No significant differentiation was found between the three northern species of the complex, C. citriodora, C. variegata and C. henryi. The southern species, C. maculata, shared no haplotypes with any of the three northern species. These results disagree in part with those reported in a previous allozyme based study in which C. henryi was found to be significantly divergent from C. variegata (with which it is sympatric) and more closely aligned with C. maculata. Re-analysis of the allozyme data provided evidence of selection acting at the PGM2 locus within populations of C. variegata and C. henryi. The exclusion of this locus from the data set led to concordance between the cpDNA and nDNA analyses. Restricted gene flow and evidence of isolation by distance were identified as the dominant processes influencing the contemporary distribution of the cpDNA haplotypes. No geographic structure of haplotypes was found and complex genealogical relationships between haplotypes indicated the combined effects of past fragmentation, range expansion and possible long distance dispersal events. The variation and spatial structure in both neutral molecular markers and quantitative genetic traits were compared to explore the relative influences of dispersal and selection within a single eucalypt population. Both mature trees (n=130) from a natural population of C. variegata and their progeny (n=127) were sampled. A very high outcrossing rate (98%) was estimated for the population based on data from seven microsatellite loci. This suggested regular pollen–mediated gene flow into the population, further supported by the observed high levels of genetic diversity and polymorphism. Significant positive spatial structure was found between parent trees occurring up to 150 m apart in the natural forest, although genetic distance between these individuals suggested limited relatedness (i.e. less than half-sib relatedness). The effect of pollen-mediated gene flow appears, therefore, to swamp any effect of nearest neighbour inbreeding which has been reported in other studies of eucalypt populations and has been attributed to limited seed dispersal. Resistance to the fungal disease Sporothrix pitereka (Ramularia Shoot Blight) was measured on progeny from each of the population study trees. Substantial resistance variability was found, along with a high estimate in heritability of resistance (0.44 ± 0.06), indicating significant additive genetic variation within the population. Spatial analysis showed no significant spatial structure with resistant and susceptible genotypes apparently distributed randomly throughout the population. The lack of concordance between the molecular and quantitative markers suggests that there may be a cost to resistance. Temporal variation in the severity of disease outbreaks may have then led to differential selection of seedlings across many generations, maintaining variability in disease resistance and facilitating the apparent random distribution of disease resistant and susceptible genotypes throughout the population. C. variegata is an important commercial forestry species. The identification of strong genetic control in the disease resistance trait, as well as significant adverse genetic and phenotypic correlations between susceptibility and growth traits, will aid future breeding programs. Controlled crosses between resistant genotypes from this population should result in strong genetic gains in both resistance and growth, with little costs associated with inbreeding depression due to the highly outcrossed nature of the population.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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Lacy, Philip Alan Physical Environmental &amp Mathematical Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Burning Under Young Eucalypts". Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. Physical, Environmental & Mathematical Sciences, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43663.

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Fuels management in eucalyptus plantations is essential to minimise the impact of wildfire. Prescribed burning has the potential to reduce the fuel hazard in plantations, but is not routinely conducted due to concerns relating to tree damage. Through a series of experimental burns, the issues of tree damage are addressed and minimum tree sizes are recommended that are capable of withstanding the effects of low to moderate intensity fires. Data was collected between 2005 and 2007 over six sites, two species, and three age classes. Tree response results came from multiple measurements of over 1700 individual trees. The fuel characteristics commonly found in sub-tropical eucalypt plantations from age four to eleven are described and quantified. These fuel characteristics are related to fire behaviour and new fire behaviour models, specific to young eucalypt plantations, are presented. The fuel characteristics that most influence fire behaviour in young eucalypt plantations are fuel load, fuel height, and fuel moisture content. These characteristics can be used to predict the rate of spread of a plantation fire under benign wind conditions. A novel technique for assessing the extent of stem damage in eucalypts is developed and described. This technique enables immediate assessment of stem damage following fire; previous assessment techniques recommend waiting a considerable period of time (up to 2 years) until dead bark dropped off and fire scars were evident. This new assessment technique is likely to be suitable for post-fire assessment of any eucalypt species and will provide forest managers with the capability of deciding whether to leave a stand to ???grow-on??? or commence recovery operations. Minimum stem sizes recommended to ensure no long-term damage are between 5 ??? 8 cm DBH (diameter at breast height, i.e. 1.3m above ground level) for Eucalyptus dunnii (Dunn???s white gum) and 5 ??? 13 cm DBH for Corymbia spp. (spotted gum) depending on the quantity of fuel around the stem. Stem sizes vary between species because of the variation in bark thickness between species. This thesis provides all the necessary information to conduct prescribed burning operations in young eucalypt plantations.
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Carvalho, Guilherme Mendes de Almeida. "Karyogram, genome size and AT/CG base composition in eucalypts (Eucalyptus spp.) by cytogenetic and flow cytometry". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2016. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/20098.

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O gênero Eucalyptus é um grupo extremamente bem sucedido de plantas arbóreas, compreendendo mais 700 espécies. Além de sua importância em regiões endêmicas como a Austrália, o eucalipto é importante na economia global devido a sua alta taxa de crescimento, adaptabilidade a várias condições ecológicas (elevação, clima e solo) e uso variado (matéria prima, carvão, fibra, polpa e papel). O estudo do genoma contribui para o entendimento de aspectos evolutivos e outros aspectos biológicos básicos do grupo. O entendimento da natureza de um genoma requer informação sobre o conteúdo de DNA e deveria ser considerada crucial em qualquer programa de análise genômica comparativa. O presente estudo determinou e reavaliou o tamanho do genoma e a composição de bases de 25 espécies de Eucalyptus. Além disso, o estudo comparou cariogramas de diferentes espécies, por citogenética clássica e molecular, em busca de possíveis alterações ou regiões não homólogas nos cromossomos de espécies que apresentavam maior diferença no conteúdo de DNA nuclear. No primeiro artigo, foi desenvolvido um protocolo citogenético para a obtenção de cromossomos com uma melhor resolução longitudinal. Assim, foi possível a montagem do cariograma de E. citriodora com 2n = 22 cromossomos. No segundo artigo, o valor 2C e a relação AT/CG foram estimados para as 25 espécies de Eucalyptus. A partir dos valores do tamanho do genoma os quais variaram entre 2C = 0,91 pg e 2C = 1,37 pg, foi feita uma análise comparativa do cariograma de quatro espécies e nenhuma diferença foi identificada. Em uma abordagem citomolecular, com o uso da hibridização in situ do genoma nenhuma região de não homologia cromossômica foi discriminada entre as espécies E. baileyana (1,36 pg) e E. citriodora (1,01 pg). Os resultados alcançados no presente trabalho corroboram para considerar pequenas alterações do conteúdo de DNA dispersas no genoma, possivelmente provenientes da atividade de elementos transponíveis, como a principal causa da variação do tamanho do genoma em Eucalyptus.
The genus Eucalyptus represents an extremely successful group of woody plants covering more than 700 species. Besides its importance in the Australian environment, eucalypts are important in the global economy due to their high growth rates, adaptability to various ecological conditions (e.g. elevation, climates, soils) and multiple uses (e.g. raw material, energy wood, timber, pulp and paper). The study of genome contributes to understanding evolutionary aspects of the group and others basic biological processes. A basic understanding of the nature of a given genome requires information regarding the amount of DNA and it should be considered a crucial aspect of any truly comprehensive program of comparative genomic analysis. The present study determinate, as well as revaluate, the size and genomic base composition of 25 Eucalyptus species. Furthermore, this study compared karyotypes of different species by classical and molecular cytogenetic looking for possible chromosomal alterations or chromosomal non-homologous regions correlated with the genome size variation among the species. In the first paper, a cytogenetic protocol was developed to obtain of chromosomes with improved longitudinal resolution. Thus, E. citriodora karyogram was assembly confirming a karyotype with 2n = 22 chromosomes. In the second paper 2C value and base composition were measured for 25 Eucalyptus species. From the genome size differences that range from 2C = 0.91 pg to 2C = 1.37 pg comparative karyological analysis were conducted and no remarkable differences were indentified. In a molecular cytogenetic approach, a genome in situ hybridization experiment was performed and it was not possible discriminate any non- homologous chromosomal regions, between E. baileyana (1.36 pg) and E. citriodora (1.01 pg). The results achieve in the present work corroborate to considerate small and dispersed DNA content changes, possible due transposable elements activity, as the mainly cause of genome size variation in Eucalyptus.
O autor escreveu a tese toda em inglês, por isso o título ficou no mesmo idioma.
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Nunes, Pedro Mourato Catela. "Honeydew producers in eucalypts and associated native fauna". Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13884.

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Mestrado em Gestão e Conservação de Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL / Universidade de Évora
In recent years there has been an increase in the number of introduced eucalypt-feeding invasive species in worldwide plantations outside Australia. A large portion of these are honeydew producing sap-suckers, mostly psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea). Besides the negative impact on eucalypt production, these non-native honeydew producers may have ecological effects on local native fauna by establishing new interactions. In this work, we intended to study these new interactions in eucalypt plantations in Portugal. We surveyed during a year three invasive psyllid species, Glycaspis brimblecombei, Ctenarytaina spatulata and Ctenarytaina eucalypti, in two sites with eucalyptus trees in Lisbon. The two sites differed on species composition and tree age. For each psyllid species, we estimated the population abundance and identified the associated fauna present in each survey date, covering the activity period of the psyllids. We also analyzed the sugar composition of honeydew and lerp produced by G. brimblecombei. With these results, we intended to further understand how sugar composition of these products may influence the associated fauna. The three psyllid species differed on their seasonal activity. The two Ctenarytaina species were observed from January to June, whereas G. brimblecombei concentrated its activity between May and September. Several commensal and predatory native species were found associated with the psyllids, as well as two exotic Australian parasitoid species. The number of specimens and species richness of both native commensals and predators was significantly higher for G. brimblecombei in comparison with the two other psyllid species. The main sugar present on G. brimblecombei honeydew and lerps was fructose. This work offers contributions for the eucalypt plantation management towards the psyllid species, for the study of the how invasive honeydew producing species affect the native fauna and finally serving as a guideline for future studies in the honeydew sugar compositions and its effect on the fauna attractiveness of the honeydew
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Dounis, Konstandina Tsaloumas Dimitris. "Island and exile in Dimitris Tsaloumas' The House with the eucalypts" / The House with the eucalypts / translated into English by Konstandina Dounis". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19060.pdf.

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Delaporte, Kate Louise. "Eucalypts for ornamental horticulture : selection, interspecific hybridisation and postharvest testing /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AHP/09hpd338.pdf.

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Leslie, Andrew Dunbar. "Eucalypts as a genus for short rotation forestry in Great Britain". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21700.

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The study focused on four research objectives: 1. To identify the species and provenances of eucalypts most suitable for biomass production in Great Britain. 2. To compare growth of eucalypts with other promising short rotation forestry genera. 3. To develop volume and biomass functions for E. gunnii. 4. To estimate yields and patterns of growth for E. gunnii. Searches on CAB abstracts and World of Science showed that there was limited research conducted on eucalypts in the UK. This research provides an original contribution to knowledge through; a long term assessment of the performance of species of cold tolerant eucalypts across a range of sites, identification of the basis for the rapid growth of eucalypts in comparison with trees from other genera, identification of the best fit function to describe stem form in E.gunnii and a characterisation of the pattern of growth in this species. The thesis provides an account of the long history of eucalypts in the UK, the first record of a eucalypt being planted in Britain probably being Eucalyptus obliqua in the late 1700s (Aiton 1789). A review is then provided of the experience and constraints to growing nine eucalypt species in the UK and their potential for short rotation forestry are described. The rapid growth of eucalypts makes them well suited to short rotation forestry, but there are considerable risks from frosts and extreme winters. Results from a trial established in Cumbria, north west England are described. Survival and growth was compared between E.gunnii, E. nitens and native or naturalised species, identified by Hardcastle (2006) as having potential for short rotation forestry. The rapid rate of growth of E. gunnii was attributed to a combination of large leaf area, a long period of growth during the year and a high specific leaf area. There was 99% mortality of E. nitens at the trial over winter, preventing comparison with other species. At the same trial and assessment was made of frost damage during the winter of 2009-2010, which proved to be the coldest for thirty years (Met Office 2010). E. gunnii was found to be more cold-tolerant than E. nitens, with 35% of the former surviving the winter and less than 1% of the latter. Larger trees were damaged more so than smaller trees reinforcing the argument for good silviculture to promote rapid, early growth. The study on stem form and growth of E. gunnii represents the first in the UK. Volume, height and dbh of a total of 636 trees, measured by felling, optical dendrometer and terrestrial laser scanner were used to test the goodness of fit of a volume function developed in France by AFOCEL and is South America by Shell Oil. The AFOCEL function was found to predict volume with less bias and be suitable for all but the smallest trees. Characterisation of growth curves using mined historic data indicated yields of 16 m3 ha-1 y-1 or approximately 8 t ha-1 y-1 at 20 years old. In contrast, growth curves derived from stem analysis of nine trees from Chiddingfold (south east England) and Glenbranter (central western Scotland) indicated lower yields at 7 m3 ha-1 y-1 at age 28 years and 4.5 m3 ha-1 y-1 at age 30 years respectively. Evidence from plantings elsewhere in the UK show that higher rates of growth are possible, but also that yields are often compromised by high mortality.
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Książki na temat "Eucalypts"

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Murray, Fagg, red. Eucalypts: A celebration. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 2010.

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Carman, Jean K. Dyemaking with eucalypts. Kenthurst, N.S.W: Kangaroo Press, 1985.

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Liubinas, Ale. Under Eucalypts: An autobiographical novel. Ascot Vale, Vic: Fosbee, 2001.

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Hibbs, David E. Growing eucalypts in Western Oregon. Corvallis, Or: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1986.

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Leonard, Gary. Eucalypts of the Sydney region: A bushwalker's guide. Wyd. 2. Sydney, Australia: University of New South Wales Press, 2007.

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Leonard, Gary. Eucalypts: A bushwalker's guide from Newcastle to Wollongong. Kensington, NSW: New South Wales University Press, 1992.

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Present and Future (1984 Kerala Forest Research Institute) National Seminar on Eucalypts in Indian Forestry--Past. Eucalypts in India - past, present and future: Proceedings of the National Seminar on Eucalypts in Indian Forestry - past, present and future. Redaktorzy Sharma, J. K., editor of compilation i Kerala Forest Research Institute. Peechi: Kerala Forest Research Institute, 1986.

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Napier, Anna. Survey of rare and poorly known eucalypts of Western Australia. Wanneroo, W.A: Western Australian Wildlife Research Centre, 1988.

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Old, K. M. A manual of diseases of eucalypts in South-East Asia. Canberra, Australia: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, 2003.

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Chapola, Gabriel B. J. Productivity and wood properties of some eucalypts at Kasungu Flue Cured Tobacco Authority, Malawi. Zomba, Malawi: Forestry Research Institute of Malawi, 1991.

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Części książek na temat "Eucalypts"

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Corredoira, Elena, Ana M. Vieitez i Antonio Ballester. "Eucalypts (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.)". W Step Wise Protocols for Somatic Embryogenesis of Important Woody Plants, 269–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89483-6_20.

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Shelbourne, C. J. A. "Finale Eucalypts". W Tree Breeding and Genetics in New Zealand, 85–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18460-5_9.

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Singh, Surendra Pratap, Bhoomika Yadav i Kumar Anupam. "Eucalyptus spp. (Eucalypts) and Ficus religiosa (Sacred Fig)". W Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 411–26. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003205067-21.

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McComb, J. A. "Clonal propagation of eucalypts". W Plant Tissue Culture Manual, 565–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0103-2_32.

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Paine, Timothy D. "Insects Colonizing Eucalypts in California". W Insects and Diseases of Mediterranean Forest Systems, 711–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24744-1_24.

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Zobel, B. J. "Clonal Forestry in the Eucalypts". W Clonal Forestry II, 139–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84813-1_7.

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Bucur, Voichita. "Acoustic Tomography for Tension Wood Detection in Eucalypts". W Delamination in Wood, Wood Products and Wood-Based Composites, 255–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9550-3_13.

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Boland, D. J., i J. J. Brophy. "Essential Oils of the Eucalypts and Related Genera". W ACS Symposium Series, 72–87. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1993-0525.ch007.

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Ledig, F. Thomas. "Improvement of Eucalypts for Fuel and Fiber in California". W Biomass Production by Fast-Growing Trees, 231–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2348-5_13.

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Inman, R. B., P. Dunlop i J. F. Jackson. "Oils and Waxes of Eucalypts Vacuum Distillation Method for Essential Oils". W Essential Oils and Waxes, 195–203. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84023-4_11.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Eucalypts"

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ARNOLD, ROGER, i JIANZHONG LUO. "COLD TOLERANT PLANTATION EUCALYPTS FOR SOUTH CENTRAL CHINA". W Proceedings of the International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704504_0008.

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Kaya, Durmuş Alpaslan, i Musa Türkmen. "Comparing of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus grandis) Essential Oil Compositions Growing in Hatay Ecological Conditions". W The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.ii.14.

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Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus grandis from Hatay (Turkey), were analyzed by GC/MS. The total ratio of twenty-three components in Eucalyptus camaldulensis volatile components with 98.15%. This ratio is seen as forty-seven components and 99.66% in Eucalyptus grandis. Eucalyptol, limonene and α-pinene were identified as the main components of the essential oils of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Cymene, α-pinene, isoborneol, trans-pinocarveol and eucalyptol were identified as the main components of the essential oils of Eucalyptus grandis. When compare the components of E. camaldulensis and E. grandis essential oils, the main component was determined as eucalyptol with 74.11% and cymene with 31.67% respectively.
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Silva, Franklin. "Metabolic shifts to phosphorus limitation in seedlings of eucalypts species". W ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1053036.

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SIMPSON, JOHN A., RICHARD E. PEGG i ZHENG BAI. "AN OVERVIEW OF THE RESPONSE OF EUCALYPTS TO FERTILISER AT DONGMEN, SOUTHERN CHINA". W Proceedings of the International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704504_0021.

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WANG, HUORAN. "TAXONOMIC STATUS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE INTRODUCTION AND DOMESTICATION OF THE EUCALYPTS IN CHINA". W Proceedings of the International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704504_0004.

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Liu, Sandy, Yong Liang i Martin Brooks. "Eucalyptus". W the 2007 conference of the center for advanced studies. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1321211.1321213.

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Habouria, Mariam, Sahbi Ouertani, Soufien Azzouz, Wahbi Jomaa, Mohamed Taher Elaib i Mohamed Afif Elcafci. "Influence of intermittent and continuous microwave heating on drying kinetics and wood behavior of Eucalyptus Gomphocephala". W 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7430.

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The aim of this work was to determine the microwave drying kinetics of Eucalyptus Gomphocephala wood and to investigate the influence of intermittent and continuous heating processes on the end quality of dreid samples. The average moisture content evolution and temperature of wood samples under different microwave powers were analyzed in terms of drying time and internal temperature level. Results show that the increase of microwave power level decreses the drying time and increases the internal wood temperature. Based on qualitative observations on the state of dried samples, the intermittent microwave powers intensity process present the optimal processing parameter in microwave drying of Eucalyptus wood species.Keywords: microwave drying; power; intermittent; continuous; Eucalyptus wood.
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Bikoko, Theodore Gautier, Jean Claude Tchamba, Valentine Yato Katte i Divine Kum Deh. "Effects of 0-30% Wood Ashes as a Substitute of Cement on the Strength of Concretes". W 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.51.

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To fight against the high cost and the increasing scarcity of cement and at the same time to reduce the CO2 greenhouse gases emission associated with the production of Portland cement, two types of wood ashes as a substitute of cement in the production of concretes were investigated. In this paper, we substituted cement by two types of species of wood ashes namely, avocado and eucalyptus ashes following the proportions ranging from 0% to 30 % on one hand, and on the other hand, we added these two types of species of wood ashes namely, avocado and eucalyptus ashes following the proportions ranging from 0% to 10 % by weight of cement in the concrete samples. After 7, 14 and 28 days of curing, compressive strength tests were conducted on these concrete samples. The findings revealed that using wood ashes as additives/admixtures or as a substitute of cement in the production/manufacturing of concrete decreased the compressive strength of concrete. Hence, it can be said that wood ash has a negative influence on the strength of concrete. At three percent (3%) and ten percent (10%) of addition, the wood ash from eucalyptus specie offers better resistance compared to the wood ash from avocado specie, whereas at five percent (5%) of addition, the wood ash from avocado specie offers better resistance compared to the wood ash from eucalyptus specie. At thirty percent (30%) of substitution, the wood ash from eucalyptus specie offers better resistance compared to the wood ash from avocado specie. The compressive strengths increase with the increase of curing age.
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Diao, Jun, Xiangdong Lei, Lingxia Hong, Jiantao Rong i Qiang Shi. "Estimating Single Leaf Area of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla) Using Leaf Length and Width". W 2009 Third International Symposium on Plant Growth Modeling, Simulation, Visualization and Applications (PMA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pma.2009.66.

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de Oliveira, Antonio C., Beatriz Barbuy, Rodrigo P. Campos, Bruno V. Castilho, Clemens Gneiding, Antonio Kanaan, David Lee i in. "The Eucalyptus spectrograph". W Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, redaktorzy Masanori Iye i Alan F. M. Moorwood. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.461975.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Eucalypts"

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Skolmen, Roger G. Performance of Australian provenances of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus saligna in Hawaii. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-rp-181.

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Heth, Dan M., Tom Geary i Oded Reuveni. Vegetative Propagation of Selected Clones of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis dehn. United States Department of Agriculture, maj 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1985.7587721.bard.

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Couto, L., i D. R. Betters. Short-rotation eucalypt plantations in Brazil: Social and environmental issues. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/36587.

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Whitesell, Craig D., Dean S. DeBell, Thomas H. Schubert, Robert F. Strand i Thomas B. Crabb. Short-rotation management of Eucalyptus: guidelines for plantations in Hawaii. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-gtr-137.

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DeBell, Dean S., Craig D. Whitesell i Thomas H. Schubert. Mixed plantations of Eucalyptus and leguminous trees enhance biomass production. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-rp-175.

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DeBell, Dean S., Craig D. Whitesell i Thomas B. Crabb. Benefits of Eucalyptus-Albizia mixtures vary by site on Hawaii Island. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-rp-187.

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DeBell, Dean S., i Craig D. Whitesell. Diameter-density relationships provide tentative spacing guidelines for Eucalyptus saligna in Hawaii. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-rn-397.

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Whitesell, Craig D., Susan C. Miyasaka, Robert F. Strand, Thomas H. Schubert i Katharine E. McDuffie. Equations for predicting biomass in 2- to 6-year-old Eucalyptus saligna in Hawaii. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-rn-402.

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Whitesell, Craig D., Dean S. DeBell i Thomas H. Schubert. Six-year growth of Eucalyptus saligna plantings as affected by nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-rp-188.

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Kliejunas, John T., Borys M. Tkacz, Harold H. Burdsall, Gregg A. DeNitto, Andris Eglitis, Dennis A. Haugen i William E. Wallner. Pest risk assessment of the importation into the United States of unprocessed Eucalyptus logs and chips from South America. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-124.

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Możesz być także zainteresowany rozszerzonymi bibliografiami na temat „Eucalypts” dla poszczególnych typów źródeł:
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