Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Etude”
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Mikhail, Ilienko. "Etudes for Solo trumpet of T. Dokschitzer: aspects of artistic and instructive stylistics". International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 9, nr 10 (6.10.2021): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v9i10.mt01.
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The article is devoted to the consideration of aspects of artistic and instructive stylistics in etudes for the Solo trumpet by T. Dokschitzer’s “Romantic Pictures”. Features of the author’s attitude to the genre of etude are highlighted. For the first time, the characteristic of all 20 etudes of the collection was proposed, in which the cycle features can be seen. This is reflected in the presence of several genre groups of etudes, combined on the basis of the types of “programity” and the relevant articulation means.
A characteristic feature of all the etudes of the collection is the subordination of technical tasks to artistic purposes, which allows to determine the proposed by T. Dokschitzer type of etude for the trumpet as a musical miniature. As for performance, the etudes of the collection are designed for sufficiently trained trumpeters, but allow the choice of plays by the degree of their difficulty. There are also combinations of several etudes, which presupposes not only educational, but also concert use.
Keywords: etude genre, etude for trumpet, T. Dokschitzer, “Romantic Pictures” by T. Dokschitzer, etudes by T. Dokschitzer as artistic and instructive plays-miniatures.
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Meng, Xianzheng. "Analysis of CHOPPIN’s ETUDE Op.25，No.2". Learning & Education 10, nr 7 (7.06.2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v10i7.2981.
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Choppin is one of the most influential and popular piano composers in history. He was a representative of Europe in
romantic music. He composed 27 piano etudes, which took the piano art to a higher level. Op. 25, No. 2 is the second etude in
Choppin’s Etude Op. 25, which is an etude in F minor.
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Çenberci, Senim, i Julide Gündüz. "Neo-classical Etude for Flute Solo: Evaluation of Karg Elert “op.107 no.30 Chaconne” in Terms of Technique and Pedagogy". International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 11, nr 4 (20.10.2023): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.11n.4p.225.
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Sigfrid Karg-Elert, one of the German organ composers of the 20th century, introduced the etudes titled 30 Caprices for Flute Solo Op. 107 into the flute education repertoire to meet the technical demands of the period’s orchestral music and flute repertoire. Among these etudes, no.30 Chaconne is a concert etude combining elements that require advanced technique with musical expression and style. This research, which aims to examine Karg-Elert’s op.107 no.30 Chaconne etude in terms of form, technique, and pedagogy, is a descriptive case study. A general form analysis of Chaconne was made in the first dimension of the research. Chaconne was examined from a technical perspective in the second dimension of the study. The techniques included in the etude are categorized as articulation technique, finger technique, sonority/embouchure technique, and ornaments. The techniques’ usage rates in the etude are determined by frequency and percentages. Among the various articulation techniques included in the etude, the legato technique has the highest usage rate, with 42.10%, and among the fingering techniques, chromatic scales had the highest at 30.26%. In sonority techniques, the usage rate of wide intervals of octave and above is very high at 39.47%. In this context, it has been determined that the most decisive difficulty in the etude comes from the use of wide intervals, and it has been concluded that a significant level of flexibility and embouchure control must be provided in the performance of the etude. The technical difficulties included in the etude were determined on a variation basis in the last dimension of the study, and a study guide consisting of original exercise suggestions was presented. This study is novel in the literature as it presents a study guide on Chaconne. Also, this study is thought to contribute to musical literacy by enabling performers to comprehend Karg Elert Chaconne multi-dimensionally.
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NIKOLAIEVSKA, YULIIA, IRYNA PALIY, IRYNA DENYSENKO, OLGA CHEREDNYCHENKO, MYKHAILO KUZHBA, IGOR CHERNIAVSKYI, YOUJIE WANG i QIAN ZENG. "STYLE PARADIGM OF THE INSTRUMENTAL ETUDE GENRE". AD ALTA: Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 13, nr 2 (12.07.2023): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33543/j.130235.1825.
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The article is devoted to the study of the genre and style paradigm of the etude for various instruments. The material includes opuses by J.F. Mazas (for violin), etudes for cymbals of the Shunda system, P. Jeanjean (for clarinet), Debussy, Bortkevich (for piano), and a number of modern etudes for wind instruments. Research methodology includes comparative and systemic approaches, performance analysis (identification of text components such as texture, rhythm, stroke, articulation, etc.). The genre is interpreted as an onto-semantic and communicative-interpretive system. The scientific novelty consists in formulating a stylistic paradigm of the etude genre for various instruments. The historical divergence of the presented examples of the genre (from the 18th to the 21st century) made it possible to mark the constant parity of the technical and artistic side (or didactic and artistic parameters); formulate signs of “blurring of boundaries” (erasing of the separation between academic and non-academic music, loss of relevance of dividing the etude repertoire for various instruments into methodical and artistic), which is characteristic of etudes of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Research allowed revealing that in modern performing arts, the final transition of etudes from the status of musical material, which is practiced alone during closed rehearsals, to the status of concert works, which is demonstrated to the public, took place. It was concluded that virtuosity, which is the basis of performing art in etudes of various stylistic orientations, can present its high quality, which is a constant feature of the genre, that overcomes the boundaries of historical times and styles.
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Önder, Gülten Cüceoğlu. "Analysis of Carl Joachim Andersen Op.15 Flute Etudes Used in Flute Education". International Education Studies 14, nr 4 (24.03.2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v14n4p57.
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In this study, it was aimed to examine C. J. Andersen’s op.15 etude book used in flute education in terms of measurement units, vocalization techniques, technical studies, nuance terms, speed terms, tonality. Thus it is aimed to reveal the gains that the etudes can provide for the student. Document analysis method was used in the study. The summary of results as follows. Etudes are mostly written in 4/4 unit of measure. It was found that mostly legato and staccato was used a great extent in the etudes. Interval was run the most in the etudes. Also etudes include technical studies such as arpeggio, chromatic scale, scale studies, and tonality. The terms crescendo and decrescendo nuances were used in all of the etudes. Mezzoforte, forte and piano nuances were also included in the etudes. Allegro and its varieties have been used as the term of speed in most of the etudes. In the etudes, 24 different tones were used, 12 of them in major tones and 12 of them in minor tones. Tone, measure and tempo changes were made in some etudes. Considering the results, Andersen’s op.15 etude book systematically covers many issues in terms of flute education. Etudes can provide to the student in flute education both in technical and musical gains; legato, tongue technique, articulation, interval, arpeggio, intonation, chromatic scale, phrasing, good breathing technique, a quality tone and a correct blowing angle. Instead of playing a etude book from the beginning to the end, the student’s difficulties can be eliminated by conducting etudes on whatever subject he/she has inadequate or difficulty. With this analysis, the topics in the etudes can be classified and presented in line with the needs of the students.
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Susanni, Paolo. "Tonal progression in Bartók's 'Etudes', Op. 18". New Sound, nr 42 (2013): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/newso1342129s.
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Bartók's mature musical language was born of both folk and art-music sources which influenced the composer in equal measure. The Three Studies for piano, Op. 18, represent a significant step in the evolution of the composers synthesis of the art-music source. All three etudes are based on equal-interval chains called interval cycles. Each of the three etudes represents a stage in the process of intervallic augmentation the composer named diatonic expansion. This concept, together with that of chromatic compression, is fundamental to all his mature works. The first etude expands the chromatic scale to two whole-tone scales. In the second etude the intervals are expanded to include the minor and major thirds as well as the perfect fourth, while in the third etude the tritone becomes the final step in the expansion process. The interactions of the ever-expanding interval cycles generate an array of diatonic, non-diatonic and abstract pitch collections. Parts of the opus rely on the concept of tonal progression based on axes of symmetry, which reached its perfection in later works such as the Out of Doors Suite and Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta.
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Kucherenko, Stanislav. "Violin Etudes of the 19th Century in the Aspect of the Evolution of Performing Mastery". Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Musica 68, nr 2 (30.12.2023): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbmusica.2023.2.19.
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"The article examines the role and significance of violin etudes of the 19th century in the evolution of European performing art. The contribution of the figure of N. Paganini and his creative work in the process of transition between the eras of classicism and romanticism has been determined. It has been noted that the artistic and aesthetic views of the Genoese virtuoso, which significantly exceeded the capabilities of his contemporaries, reoriented the didactic material. On the example of the etude collections of P. Rode and J. Dont – representatives of schools of various musical arts – it has been found that the opuses of the educational direction usually reflect the real state of performance of a certain historical period, the complex process of coexistence of the established tradition and innovations, reassessment of ideas about the semantic and technical potential of the violin. Keywords: violin etude, violin performance, 19th century, 24 Caprices in the Form of Etudes op. 22 by P. Rode, Etudes and Caprices op. 35 by J. Dont."
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Zhang, Xuanhe. "Violin Etude Composing based on LSTM Model". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 39 (1.04.2023): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v39i.6493.
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After the development of deep learning and computer music, there is more and more electronic music composed by computers and algorithms. However, there are very few projects for violin etudes created based on artificial intelligence. In 2020, The Shanghai Symphony Orchestra Concert Hall hosted a special concert of Mozart's 80-year-old works, the last three symphonic pieces were generated by the AI based on learning a large amount of Mozart's past music, which inspire me. In this paper, classical violin etude (i.e., Rudolphe Kreutzer 42 Studies) is used for the data. Based on several studies, the LSTM model is the framework of this study. In the multiple times of changing seeds and temperature, the creation demo has creativity and similarity, but with less education. The educational meaning is also the future research to focus on. This study makes a step in making violin etudes from the classical violin etudes, which can create new etudes for future violin players. Moreover, the new etudes shed light on Inheriting and innovating the predecessors' composing style and thinking.
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Chzhuan, Tszyun'tsze, i Pavel Aleksandrovich Michkov. "Piano etudes by Lo Maisho: trends in the development of the genre". Культура и искусство, nr 7 (lipiec 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2023.7.43467.
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In the modern professional piano art of China, the genre of piano etude is an important part of musical culture and occupies a special place in the history of Chinese music. The first samples of etudes for piano by Chinese composers date back to the 20s of the last century and were created as pieces for the development of the pianist's technical skills. During the development of the genre, the artistic value of the sketches has increased: from a play of a technical nature, the sketches have become independent, dramaturgically constructed compositions. The composers rely on the intonation features of national music, use the melodies of traditional Chinese songs, and resort to modern writing techniques. However, innovation is usually limited to this. The young Chinese composer Luo Maisho created a series of etudes in which, on the one hand, he inherits traditional methods of composition, on the other, he violates the established foundations. For the first time, the metrorhythm region becomes a donor for structural transformations. The author of the article introduces the work of the young composer, offers an excursion into the history of the development of the piano etude genre in China, provides an analysis of the metrorhythmic organization of Lo Maisho's etudes. Thus, the purpose of the study is to analyze new trends in the development of the piano etude genre in China, the subject is the metrorhythmic organization of the musical fabric. In piano studies, Lo Maisho reaches a new level in the progression of the genre. He identifies new trends in Chinese piano music, introducing elements of folk songs, imitation of the sounds of traditional musical instruments, reflecting the imagery and various cultural characteristics of the peoples of various regions of China, introduces new techniques of metrorhythmic organization. The composer does not limit himself to the use of pentatonics, but resolutely strives for innovations in the genre of etude. It is noteworthy that the author departs from the established tradition, which is based on the use of Western European techniques combined with the intonation culture of Chinese melodies, he offers new forms of compositional solutions.
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Sycheva, Natalia Nikolaevna. "Etude Genre in the Works of Contemporary Pianists-Composers: Traditions and Innovation". Человек и культура, nr 1 (styczeń 2024): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2024.1.43411.
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The article is devoted to the study of the etude genre, which in the work of domestic composers-pianists of the second half of the twentieth – early twenty-first centuries became an experiment and capture of a personal artistic picture of the world. The focus of the article is two opuses by contemporary pianist composers М. Kollontai and E. Chernov. As a result of the cycle of analysis of etudes op. 55 Kollontai, the author comes to the conclusion that this work continues the line of Liszt’s transcendentalism. Particular attention in this cycle is aimed at considering religious and spiritual themes expressed at the verbal level. The composer’s artistic comments on the etudes, the epigraph from the poems of the poet and Catholic priest Geselle, the afterword to the plays, explain and explore the conceptual field of the program composition, which embodied New Testament stories related to the way of the cross of Jesus Christ on earth. For the piano cycle – Nine etudes-pictures op. 11 by Chernov, nine etudes-pictures op. 39 Rachmaninoff. In the course of the analysis, it is noted that the cycle of etudes by Chernov is characterized by the following features: a concentric type of composition with an aspiration to the finale, the presence of a lyrical core, the development and interweaving of two psychological modes (lyrical and dramatic), which gives the cycle integrity and harmony, paired grouping of etudes according to the principle of contrast, the presence of leitmotifs, as well as leitgenres (nocturne and waltz) that permeate the piano cycle. The article emphasizes the idea that interest in such a genre of improvisational mix as «etude-fantasy» is found mainly in the legacy of virtuoso composers-pianists of the 19th-20th centuries, striving in their work to prolong romantic traditions.
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Virchenko, O. M. "Etude in teaching of the first-year students the acting prowess". Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 51, nr 51 (3.10.2018): 222–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-51.13.
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Background. Each new generation of students brings with them its own themes and subjects, and the continuous flow of life opens up new artistic horizons. In addition, each team of teachers and students is unique, and the necessity to look repeatedly for ways to uncover the individualities of future actors arises. Therefore, the work on the etudes, being aimed at the development of the creative abilities of the young actors, occupies almost the main place in the learning process. For a student, an etude is a means to build up self-own effective scenic behavior in the conditions of zones of silence. Etude has its own principles of construction and embodiment. The concept of the etude, its themes and components are the subjects of research in this article. The etude method of the actor’s work on the role was rather thoroughly and deeply examined by such authors as M. O. Knebel [4], S. V. Gippius [2], N. M. Gorchakov [3]. K. S. Stanislavsky [6, 7] reveals the versatile properties of the elements of scenic well-being, the laws of creativity and psycho-techniques with exhaustive completeness. E. B. Vakhtangov considered theatrical training not only from the point of view of mastering acting prowess, but mainly as formation the artist’s worldview: the up-brining of desire to serve high ideals and devote his art to them, an acute sense of modernity, the ability to see life creatively, guess its requirements [1]. The purpose of this study is to describe the practical exercises used in the work on etudes with first-year students. We offer our-own methodical developments, give the examples of exercises and etudes for the development of memory of physical actions, fantasy and imagination, the ability to build a truthful line of stage behavior in specific proposed circumstances, according to the system of K. S. Stanislavsky [6, 7]. The main material of the research. Scenic etude is the initial and basic component in the organization of stage action, an exercise with a certain psychological load. This is acting training in a variety of scenic situations and proposed external circumstances. Each of the students, called on the scene for the first time, experiences excitement, which appears in one or another form. Therefore, we warn the students that they do not need “to play” anything, but to behave as in life, in a word, we try in every way to do everything so that the transition to the stage does not disrupt normal human well-being. For a group of students, we suggest listening to and remembering the sounds that were heard in the room from the moment the exercise began to its end. In fact, those students who are on the stage and those who look to them in the auditorium, participate in this exercise. Then all the students take turns talking about the sounds, which they heard, complementing their comrades. This exercise helps to instill in students an understanding that the mental work and the activity of the sense organs on the stage are the same as in real life. The attention of the student is focused on some subject, sound, thought or action of the partner. Such an object, action, thought, sound is perceived particularly clearly and is called the “object of attention”. These exercises make it possible: 1) to focus your attention on a given object; 2) to keep this attention for some time, that is, to make the proposed action exciting, important for yourself. After these exercises, we introduce students to the “circles of attention”. “Small circle of attention” – it is when attention is directed to the inner world, to my sensations and experiences; the “medium circle” – to all that surrounds me within this room, where I am at the moment (things, sounds, smells, etc.); the “big circle of attention” – to all that surrounds me outside the room (hall), where I am at the moment. The focused attention distracts the student from the auditorium, hence the action that he performs in his etude on stage become the most important for him. It is very important for us, the teachers who works with the first-year students, to attain that the student concentrates on the stage action. It is also important that the students at the initial period of their training during the performance of etudes would not experience muscle strain, which, for the most part, arises from their efforts to appear in public better and smarter, more nimble and graceful than they usually are. K. S. Stanislavsky found a way to get rid of the tightness and education of muscle freedom by the way of creating a “muscular controller” – the ability to quickly find out in which muscle group the tension and remove it, leading oneself to a state of muscle freedom. Exercises for relax of muscles we begin with the fourth or fifth lessons and apply in parallel with the exercises on attention, combining them in the future. Then we give students to touch some subjects and tell about the chain of associations they cause. These exercises, freeing the thought, lead students to the beginning of work on the development of imagination. The next cycle of exercises we devote to the development of the imagination to create “proposed circumstances” (“magic if”, following K. Stanislavsky). “Proposed circumstances” arise when we ask the students questions: “Who?”, “When?”, “Where?”, “Why?”, “How?”, which excite their imagination, enticing them to substantiate their actions in a logical and consistent manner. We offer the students also etudes developing the memory about physical actions: having no objects in their hands, feeling them only with the help of their imagination, the students do certain physical actions. It is very important to instill in the first year students a feeling of proper physical well-being in the exercises; it is that need in future work on a role. The next stage of the work is the etudes, in which there is already a plot. Etudes are structured in such a way that an event or a surprise takes place in them that changes the course of life in the etude and makes it necessary to evaluate a new state of affairs. The next stage in the work with first-year students is the plot etudes. They are built in such a way that an event takes place in them or a surprise happens, which changes the course of a character’s life and makes it necessary to evaluate a new state of affairs. The construction of an etude contains a small introduction, exposure, the event itself and the outcome. We try to choice the plot based on events that could happen in reality with students and that correlate with the area of their life experience. We remind of the need for action from myself: what would I do in real life if it happened to me? The next section is the relationship to the partners in the etude. When two or more students act on the stage, interaction and mutual interest between them occurs. We act on our partner with the power of our “I”, not only with words and appearance, but with our whole being. This influence of my “I” on the “I” of my partner and contrary is the essence of the process of “communication”. We cultivate in a student the ability to concern seriously his course mate, same as his brother, sister, bride and so on, depending on their relationship in the etude. Conclusions. In a result of the beginning exercises and etudes, the students of the first year of study should come to an understanding of what the “inner well-being” status constitutes in practice. That is, to find a natural state in the context of scenic playing on public; to master the stage attention that is, being on the stage learn to concentrate on any one impression. This state should be connected with the activity of the senses (hearing, sight, smell, touch, taste), but, at the same time, the student should not lose the ability to think and act. In the process of working on etudes, students should answer the questions: wherefore are we going to play this etude, what shall we say to those who will watch us in this etude? Answers to these questions help us, the teachers, to lead students to a clear comprehension of the tasks of their stage work and understanding the role of the collective as a creative unit, nurturing in them a feeling of partnership, “a feeling of elbow”, camaraderie, the ability to perceive criticism and self-criticism correctly, since the theater is the collective art; to develop the artistic taste of students; ultimately – to cultivate in them the love of their future profession.
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Polth, Michael. "„nicht tonal und nicht atonal“ Zur Bedeutung der Quinten in Ligetis Etüde Nr. 8 „Fém“". Studia Musicologica 57, nr 1-2 (czerwiec 2016): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/6.2016.57.1-2.9.
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Ligeti’s claim that his etudes are neither tonal nor atonal can be demonstrated with the functions of the fifths in the etude No. 8 “Fém.” The fifths are integrated into the musical relationships partly in a traditional and partly in a modern manner. Customarily, the interval of a fifth is added to single tones in order to establish tonal spaces and implying fundamentals. A peculiarly modern aspect is the use of fifths as parts of the overtone series.
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Diop, Pape, Sega Gueye, Gora Diop, Dibor Faye, Ibrahima Diatta, Oumou Khalsoum Dieng, Ousmane Sow, Moustapha Thiame, Mamadou Wade i Gregoire Sissoko. "INFLUENCE DE LA TEMPERATURE ET DU CHAMP MAGNETIQUE SUR LA DECROISSANCE TRANSITOIRE DE LA DENSITE DES PORTEURS DE CHARGE DANS UNE PHOTOPILE AU SILICIUM A MULTI JONCTIONS VERTICALES CONNECTEES EN PARALLELE ET PLACEE ENCIRCUIT OUVERT". International Journal of Advanced Research 10, nr 08 (31.08.2022): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15150.
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Une etude de leffet de la temperature et du champ magnetique sur une photopile au silicium a jonctions verticales connectees en parallele, est presentee,en fonctionnement de regime transitoire de circuit ouvert. La densite transitoire de porteurs minoritaires en exces dans la base est une somme de termes infinis, dont le temps de decroissance des differentes harmoniques est etudie. Lepaisseur optimum de la base permet de determiner la temperature optimum qui influe sur le temps de decroissance du regime transitoire.
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Soufyane, EL AISSI. "LES MODALITES DE CHOIX DORIENTATION SCOLAIRE ET PROFESSIONNELLE DANS LE CURSUS DES ELEVES ET UNIVERSITAIRES: ENTRE PERSPECTIVES ET ORIENTATION PEDAGOGIQUE". International Journal of Advanced Research 9, nr 07 (31.07.2021): 1012–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13205.
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Cet article se propose detudier les principaux facteurs qui influencent le choix dorientation dans le cursus prescolaire et dans les etudes superieures afin de mettre en relief le fait de sengager dans la realisation dun cursus scolaire et universitaire ambitieux, synonyme dun avenir meilleur pour les eleves et les etudiants. Le choix de ce cursus supposelanalyse des facteurs determinants et efficaces pour atteindre cet objectif. Cet article esquisse une premiere etude de ce dispositif dorientation a travers une correlation entre les objectifs, les moyens financiers et la mise a disposition de tout systeme educatif.
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Kusnadi, Adam Hadi, M. Yamin Siregar i Teddi Pribadi. "Pengaruh Product Involvement Dan Word of Mouth Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Kosmetik Asal Korea Merek Etude the House". Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis (JIMBI) 2, nr 2 (22.11.2021): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jimbi.v2i1.438.
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The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the Effect of involvement products and word of mouth on purchasing Decisions of Korea Etude House Medan Cosmetics. The research method used is associative research, where variables are measured on a likert scare. The method of data collection is done by interview (interview), with a list of questions (questionnaire) and study documentation. The population in this study were all consumers Of Etude House Cosmetics products in medan, medan totaling 114 people sampling with saturated sampling method or better known as the census. In this study the total population is relatively small as many as 11 people. Data processing using SPSS software version 23, with descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing multiple regression analysis. The results showed that: (1) partially product involvement variables influenced the purchasing decision of Korea Etude House Medicinal Products (2) partially word of mouth variables influenced the Purchasing Decisions Of Korea Etude House Medicinal Products, (3) Simultaneously there were positive influences and significant between product Involvement and Word Of Mouth variables influences the Etude House Medan Korean Cosmeticts Product Purchasing Decision.
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Garibaldi, Pipin, i Brian Farant. "Penciptaan Konserto Etude Tangganada Pentatonik untuk Pembelajaran Violin dan Orkestra". Resital: Jurnal Seni Pertunjukan 22, nr 3 (28.02.2022): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/resital.v22i3.6736.
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The Creation of Pentatonic Scale Etude Concerto for Violin and Orchestral Learning. This research aims to explain creating a musical work in the form of a violin etude in the form of a concerto. The concerto is arranged in a free pentatonic scale from traditional Javanese idioms: the lancaran and gangsaran rhythm. The concerto consists of one movement that contains etude material, namely learning the technique of playing the violin in a beautiful and exciting melody. The problem highlighted is students' difficulty learning etude for the violin, which is often considered complicated. In the learning process, students tend to be oriented towards violin music such as concertos, sonatas, or musical pieces (short works) compared to etude works. Therefore, it is important for creating the concerto etude to bridge the students' violin learning process, both for educative and performative dimensions. Creating the etude concerto in this traditional idiom is expected to foster student interest in learning to practice etude. The research was organized in several stages: document collection, observation, artistic, trial, and dissemination. The research/design method was taken from Reginald Smith Brindle (1986), i.e., Musical Composition and King Palmer Teach Yourself to Composed Music (1952). The method is as follows: listening to different music that is close to the research topic to find ideas, using the violin and piano to make melodic pieces, including double, triple, four-stop techniques, connecting, combining, developing synchronized melody pieces, rhythmic variations, rhythms, articulation variations, syncopations, rhythm figures, melodic decorations, harmonies, dynamic variations, and so on. The conclusion of the research on creating a concerto with one movement is more freedom to express ideas. The use of lancaran and gangsaran rhythms in a pentatonic scale to give the nuances of the Central Java region, turns out to be more nuanced with a Mandarin concerto. After being implemented, it turns out that this concerto is still quite difficult for learning violin 3.
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Ridhwan, Urfan Saniylabdhawega, i Yudi Sukmayadi. "Kajian Analisis Etude Biola: “Franz Wohlfahrt Easiest Elementary Method for Beginners Op.38”". Grenek Music Journal 11, nr 1 (12.06.2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/grenek.v11i1.31028.
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Etude merupakan sebuah hal yang harus dipelajari dan bersifat fundamental dalam pembelajaran instrumen musik khususnya pembelajaran instrumen biola. “Franz Wohlfahrt Easiest Elementary Method for Beginners Op.38” ialah salah satu dari sekian banyak etude yang memiliki berisikan berbagai teknik permainan biola dan uniknya dimainkan secara duet. Tentunya akan memberikan nilai lebih dari permainan secara duet tersebut dalam pembelajaran antara guru dan siswa. Tujuan dari artikel ini ialah mengkaji teknik permainan biola dan kompetensi dasar yang terdapat pada etude “Franz Wohlfahrt Easiest Elementary Method for Beginners Op.38”. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode deskriptif analitis yaitu memberikan sebuah gambaran secara deskripsi terhadap objek yang dikaji oleh peneliti melalui data yang dikumpulkan dan sudah dianalisis. Etude ini memberikan sebuah pembelajaran biola dengan permainan duet didalamnya sehingga dapat memberikan berbagai kebermanfaatan secara teknik permainan biola maupun manfaat kontekstual.
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Zinman, Gregory. "Nam June Paik's Etude 1 and the Indeterminate origins of Digital Media Art". October 164 (maj 2018): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00321.
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This essay describes the discovery and significance of Etude 1 (1967), a previously unknown work by media artist Nam June Paik. Composed at Bell Labs and written in an early version of the computer-programming language FORTRAN, Etude 1 stands as one of the earliest works of digital art—though whether Etude 1 was intended to be a film, the “computer opera” that Paik mentions elsewhere in his writings, or some other kind of art work altogether. By exploring Etude 1's uncertain status, as well as more conceptual indeterminacies concerning the relationship between image and code, music and media, and the analog and the digital, this essay demonstrates how such indefinite artifacts allow for a rethinking of cinema's digital past, film's place in computational media, and the nature of the archive.
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Lau, Dan. "Etude". Colorado Review 44, nr 2 (2017): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/col.2017.0069.
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Bailly, Nathalie, i Nicolas Roussiau. "The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES): Validation of the Short Form in an Elderly French Population". Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 29, nr 2 (14.05.2010): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980810000152.
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RÉSUMÉL’objectif de notre étude était de valider en langue française l’échelle des expériences de spiritualité quotidienne (EESQ) auprès d’une population âgée française. Deux études ont été menées afin d’examiner les propriétés psychométriques de l’EESQ. Les résultats de l’analyse factorielle (Etude 1–2) et de l’analyse factorielle confirmatoire (Etude 2) ont mis en évidence l’unidimensionnalité de l’échelle. La fidélité interne (Etude 1–2) ainsi que la fidélité temporelle (Etude 2) sont satisfaisantes. Comme prévu, des scores élevés ont été mis en corrélation avec la satisfaction de vie et l’évaluation de sa santé. En revanche, aucune corrélation n’a été mise en évidence avec la dépression. Cette étude préliminaire met en évidence les bonnes propriétés psychométriques de l’EESQ et semble être un bon outil d’investigation pour tous les chercheurs et professionnels intéressés par le maintien et la promotion du bien-être et de la spiritualité chez les âgés.
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Kaprin, Aleksander Dmitrievich. "Pedagogical wishes of Professor E. K. Virsaladze in the work on R. Schumann's "Symphonic Etudes" op. 13". Философия и культура, nr 4 (kwiecień 2023): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0757.2023.4.40450.
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In this article, for the first time, the work of Professor E. K. Virsaladze in class on the "Symphonic Etudes" Op. 13 by R. Schumann was reviewed and a small performance analysis of her performance in the Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory was given. The concert took place on April 16, 2010, on the 200th anniversary of the birth of R. Schumann. The author, being a student of her class and an assistant trainee, made notes of the teacher's wishes in the work on the "Symphonic Etudes" by the romantic composer R. Schumann. The suggestions and recommendations expressed by E. K. Virsaladze on "Symphonic Sketches" are presented for the first time and have great practical and artistic value. The author discusses in detail the work on each etude. In his work, the professor pays attention to all means of musical expression: rhythm, strokes, dynamics… Advises a certain fingering, pedal… Such work of a teacher should undoubtedly contribute to obtaining certain performing skills from students for their further development. As an example, the article examines Virsaladze's performance of "Symphonic Etudes" in the Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory in a concert dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of R. Schumann. The article is recommended for students of music universities, colleges, colleges preparing for a concert performance of Schumann's works, in particular, "Symphonic Etudes" Op. 13.
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Devita, Elvina Marsha, i M. Y. Dwi Hayu Agustini. "Country of Origin and Brand Image on Purchase Decision of South Korean Cosmetic Etude House". Journal of Management and Business Environment (JMBE) 1, nr 1 (2.08.2019): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/jmbe.v1i1.2115.
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This research aims at knowing the influence of country of origin (COO) and brand image on purchase decision of Etude House, a South Korean cosmetic brand. A sample of 100 consumers of Etude House was the respondents that were selected using snowball method. The questionnaire were distributed to women consumers who live in Semarang and have been using the products in the last three months. Multiple regression analysis was to see if the influence of COO and brand image on purchase decision is significant. The results show that COO and brand image had positive and significant influence on the purchase decision of Etude House products
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Arifa Hidayamastifa, Rini, i Jagar Lumbantoruan. "PEMBELAJARAN ETUDE FIFTY LITTLE FLUTE STUDIES OP25 PADA MAHASISWA INSTRUMEN FLUTE PRODI PENDIDIKAN MUSIK FBS UNP". Jurnal Sendratasik 9, nr 3 (1.09.2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jsu.v9i1.109380.
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Abstract The purpose of this study is to find out how the learning process of Etude Fifty Little Flute Studies is conducted in the flute instrument Major I course in the Music Education Study Program at FBS UniversitasNegeri Padang. This research is a descriptive analysis research by utilizing qualitative data. The implementation of Etude Fifty Little Flute Studies learning in flute instrument major I involved students of 2019 class who just took major I course which was played in 3 repertoires.The study examined the learning process of Etude Fifty Little Flute Studies Op 25 and Op 26 by looking for processes, learning experiences, and learning evaluations.Based on the results of learning conducted, Etude Fifty Little Flute Studies is very influential in the learning process.It is due to the fact that flute instrument major I studentsare still categorized as beginners and are new to the flute instruments and theoretical abilities such as using suspension, legato and staccato techniques.This is proven by students who carry out the process well and practice through the material given. Thus, these students get grades according to their processes.The relation between what is explained by the lecturer and the students theoretically and practically can be done well even though it is not that optimal because there is no direct control through face to face meeting.Keywords: Learning, Etude Fifty Little Flute Studies, Flute Instruments
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Fiqriannur, Ibnu Syahruroji. "CONCERT ETUDE TRUMPET KARYA ALEXANDER GEODICKE (ANALISIS TEKNIK PERMAINAN TRUMPET)". Repertoar Journal 1, nr 1 (29.07.2020): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/rj.v1n1.p36-48.
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Concert Etude Trumpet bertempo 152bpm. Nuansa lagu ini bersifat Lincah dan Tegang. Kemudian untuk dapat memainkan lagu ini terdapat teknik yang harus dikuasai oleh pemain Trumpet anatara lain Double Tounging, Slur, Legatto, Stacatto. Lagu ini mendominasikan pada teknik Double Tounging. Karya ini telah dimainkan oleh pemain Trumpet ternama, yakni Alison Balsom. Tujuan penelitian ini (1) Untuk mengetahui teknik permainan Trumpet lagu Concert Etude Trumpet. (2) Untuk mengetahui bagian-bagian didalam lagu Concert Etude Trumpet. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data teks naratif dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini, Tema melodi yang diulangi dan dibikin beberapa variasi dan muncul di beberapa bagian selanjutnya. Teknik yang digunakan, Double Tounging, Ambasir, Tone Colour
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Smiti, S., Y. Smiti, A. Bentalha, M. Ali Ech Cherif El. Ketani, H. Balkhi i M. Faroudi. "LINTERET DU DECUBITUS VENTRAL EN MILIEU DE REANIMATION : ETUDE PROSPECTIVE AU SERVICE DE REANIMATION CHIRURGICALE DE RABAT". International Journal of Advanced Research 10, nr 11 (30.11.2022): 933–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15753.
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Le Decubitus ventral est une manœuvre reconnue depuis plus de 30 ans, mais dont la realisation ne sest accentuee que ces dernieres annees chez les patients en milieu de reanimation pour indications divers, dont le syndrome de detresse respiratoire est la principale. Cette manœuvre est realisee dans le but dameliorer à court terme la fonction respiratoire chez les patients en SDRA. Pour cela, a ete realisee notre etude qui est une etude prospective dune duree dune annee, portant sur 33 cas, au sein du service de reanimation urgences chirurgicales du centre hospitalier universitaire Avicenne de Rabat. Cette etude a eu comme conclusion que le decubitus ventral ameliore la fonction motrice, ainsi que les compliances pulmonaires.Il a ete prouve que le deces des patients navait aucun rapport avec le decubitus ventral, les complications aussi survenant lors du DV netaient pas en correlation avec le deces. Aucune atteinte hemodynamique ni respiratoire na ete prouvee suite au DV. Outre, notre etude a mis le point sur limportance majeure de la premiere seance, qui presentait les meilleurs resultats, la duree quant à elle etait en correlation direct en ameliorant la fonction respiratoire. Par contre, cette etude reste limitee sur le plan echantillon, qui etait heterogene, en plus les patients nont pas tous beneficie du meme nombre de seances et de la meme duree de seance vu quelles etaient parfois interrompue suite aux complications survenant en cours du DV.
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Saleh, Dennis. "Solstice Etude". Psychological Perspectives 61, nr 3 (3.07.2018): 397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00332925.2018.1496714.
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Console, Cyrus. "Brown Etude". Critical Quarterly 59, nr 4 (grudzień 2017): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/criq.12380.
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Console, Cyrus. "Cathode Etude". Critical Quarterly 59, nr 4 (grudzień 2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/criq.12381.
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Console, Cyrus. "Child Etude". Critical Quarterly 59, nr 4 (grudzień 2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/criq.12382.
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Console, Cyrus. "Etude Procedural". Critical Quarterly 59, nr 4 (grudzień 2017): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/criq.12383.
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Mairesse, Pierre. "Etude topohistorique". Revue archéologique de Picardie 3, nr 1 (1989): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/pica.1989.1564.
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Prieur, Michel. "Etude d'impact". Revue Juridique de l'Environnement 21, nr 1 (1996): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rjenv.1996.3274.
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Prieur, Michel. "Etude d'impact". Revue Juridique de l'Environnement 22, nr 3 (1997): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rjenv.1997.3441.
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Prieur, Michel. "Etude d'impact". Revue Juridique de l'Environnement 24, nr 2 (1999): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rjenv.1999.3654.
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Prieur, Michel. "Etude d'impact". Revue Juridique de l'Environnement 27, nr 1 (2002): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rjenv.2002.4010.
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Prieur, Michel. "Etude d'impact". Revue Juridique de l'Environnement 28, nr 1 (2003): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rjenv.2003.4140.
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Prieur, Michel. "Etude d'impact". Revue Juridique de l'Environnement 29, nr 1 (2004): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rjenv.2004.4267.
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Prieur, Michel. "Etude d'impact". Revue Juridique de l'Environnement 30, nr 3 (2005): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rjenv.2005.4462.
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Ennabili, Abdeslam, i Mohammed Ater. "Flore (Pteridophyta et Spermatophyta) des zones humides du Maroc Méditérranéen: Inventaire et écologie". Acta Botanica Malacitana 21 (1.12.1996): 221–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v21i0.8677.
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Malgré l'intéret qu' on porte de plus en plus aux zones humides á travers le monde, peu d' etudes ont été consacrées á la flore hygrophile marocaine. Aprés avoir prospecté 45 stations, on a évalué la diversité spécifique des hygrophytes du Maroc méditerranéen á partir de 70 relevés floristiques. Sur les 389 espéces reconnues dans cette etude, 175 especes sont caractéristiques des zones humides. Les espéces rares ou nouvellement citées ont été soulignées. D'autre part, les phytocenoses observées ant été classées en fonction de la physionomie et de la composition spécifique. Une attention particuliere a été consacrée á la discussion des principaux facteurs écologiques influant sur les groupements hygrophiles á savoir : la submersion, la salinité, la charge organique domestique, le mésoclimat et les travaux d'aménagement. Ainsi, on a pu regrouper les espéces dominantes en classes écologiques.
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Sembiring, Adina Sastra, i Uyuni Widiastuti. "Analisis Bahan Ajar Instrumen Gitar Persiapan Program Studi Pendidikan Musik Universitas Negeri Medan". Gondang: Jurnal Seni dan Budaya 2, nr 1 (6.06.2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/gondang.v2i1.9761.
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Bahan Ajar merupakan bagian yang sangat penting dalam proses pembelajaran, baik dalam pembelajaran teori maupun praktek. Bahan ajar yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran instrumen gitar persiapan terdiri dari tangga nada, etude dan lagu. Namun bahan ajar tersebut perlu dianalisis kembali untuk mengetahui kesesuaian bahan ajar dengan mahasiswa semester awal, bahan ajar yang diberikan ter-update dan sesuai dengan grade (tingkatan) pada pembelajaran gitar.Hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan pada bahan ajar gitar persiapan ternyata banyak materi yang ada pada bahan ajar kurang sesuai dengan tingkat kemampuan mahasiswa, karena mahasiswa yang masih dikategorikan pada tingkat pemula. Tangga nada yang diberikan terlalu sedikit padahal tangga nada tersebut mendukung dalam permainan etude dan lagu, sedangkan etude dan lagu yang banyak yang sulit untuk dimainkan karena tingkatannya yang tidak sesuai dengan pemula. Oleh sebab itu perlu adanya revisi bahan ajar agar mahasiswa dapat bermain gitar sesuai dengan tingkatannya (grade).
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MIRZEYEVA, Gulnar. "AZERBAYCAN BESTECİLERİNİN ESERLERİNDE ETÜD TÜRÜ THE GENRE OF ETUDE IN THE WORKS OF AZERBAIJANI COMPOSERS". IEDSR Association 6, nr 12 (29.03.2021): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.270.
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The etude genre is one of the examples characterized by the emergence of different types of music that develop at certain stages of musical art. Although the introduction of studies as an independent genre in musical literature dates back to the XVII-XVIII centuries, its main function in the development of piano art was already present in other musical genres. The next stage in the development of the study genre is related to the work of the Romantic Movement representatives F.Chopin, R.Schumann, F.List. The acquisition of new features of the genre is due to the work of Russian composers. Thus, with the increase in the content features of art-concert studies, new features such as programming and integration with other genres were observed in Russian music. Interest in piano in Azerbaijan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries first appeared in aristocratic strata, but gradually spread to a wider area. The development of the art of performing on the piano also influenced the creativity of the composer an gave impetus to the formation of the national repertoire for this instrument. Although the etude genre in the works of Azerbaijani composers is not common in the works of European and Russian composers, there are important examples only in the early stages of the formation of miniatures. Azerbaijani composers E.Nazirova, F.Guliyeva, A.Azizov, A.Abbasov, Niyazi, J.Hajiyev, R.Shafag, Kh.Mirzezadeh and others managed to create interesting examples of this genre. One of the main features of the analysis of Azerbaijani somposers etudes is that these examples are pioneered for educational purposes. For this reason, some of the studies we analyzed (M.Mirzayev, J.Hajiyev etc.) are aimed at the first stage of music education with its small volume and simple structure. Studies of relatively large artistic and technical complexity (E.Nazirova,Niyazi,F.Guliyeva) are suitable for the upper classes of music schools. Although the evolution of the study genre and the features of its various genres are not embodied in these works with the splendour seen in the works of European and Russian composers, Azerbaijan is an interesting example of piano music in its educational repertoire. As a result, we can say that the etude genre is not a special development stage in the works of Azerbaijani composers, but each of the existing examples is important in the formation of the aesthetic tastes of young pianists, musical performances on a national basis, and it is successfully applied in the educational repertoire.
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Damayanti, Maretta Edgina, i Berta Bekti Retnowati. "Perbandingan Ekuitas Merek Produk Kosmetik Asing Orea Dengan Kosmetik Lokal". JEMAP 2, nr 1 (30.07.2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/jemap.v2i1.2102.
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Brand equity became important for a product because it referred to a set of brand assets and liabilities related to a brand, its name and its symbol, which add or subtract the value provided by a good or service to the company or its customers. Departing from this understanding, this study aimed to conduct empirical differences or comparative studies on local cosmetic products represented by local brand the Wardah and South Korea cosmetic product represented by Etude House. The data required in this study was obtained through interviews using a questionnaire. Interviews were conducted to students at four Universities in Semarang, namely Soegijapranata Chatolic University, Dian Nuswantoro University, Diponegoro University, and Semarang State University. Data analysis for the purpose of this study was conducted using the Mann Whitney Comparative Test (U-test). The results showed that brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality of Wardah and Etude House cosmetics were significantly different, while the brand loyalty to Wardah and Etude House cosmetics brand was the same.
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Agus Darmawan. "ANALISIS DESAIN KEMASAN PRODUK KOLABORASI KOSMETIK “ETUDE HOUSE” DENGAN COKLAT “HERSHEY’S”Analysis of “ETUDE HOUSE” X ”HERSHEY’S” product packaging". JURNAL DASARUPA: DESAIN DAN SENI RUPA 1, nr 3 (13.06.2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52005/dasarupa.v1i3.113.
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Persaingan produk tak lagi dari segi kualitas produk tetapi juga kualitas kemasan, membuat berbagai produsen berkreasi dengan desain kemasan produk mereka. Kemasan saat ini dinilai sebagai elemen penting dari positioning produk di pasaran bahkan menjadi bakal penentu bagi calon konsumen untuk memutuskan untuk membeli produk. Salah satunya adalah persaingan ketat di industri kosmetik, produk yang memiliki identitas kuat pada produknya akan mudah meraih posisi di kalangan konsumen. Dan kesempatan ini dimanfaatkan oleh Etude House selaku salah satu brand kosmetik asal Korea Selatan. Dikenal melalui produk yang berkualitas dan terjangkau serta desain kemasan yang disuguhkan secara menarik, membuat Etude House kali ini menggaet brand produk coklat kenamaan yaitu Hershey’s untuk berkolaborasi dalam produknya. Dengan menggabungkan keahlian Etude dengan desain kemasan yang inovatif dan produk Hershey’s yang ikonik, membuat kemasan produk yang dihasilkan menjadi unik dan menarik. Melalui pembahasan mengenai daya tarik visual pada elemen estetis kemasan dan daya tarik praktis pada elemen fungsional kemasan, dapat menunjukan daya saing yang dimiliki oleh kemasan produk ini cukup kuat.
Kata kunci : kemasan, desain, daya tarik, kosmetik
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MK, Asri. "PENULISAN ETUDE-ETUDE MUSIK TALEMPONG UNGGAN (Sebuah Usaha Pembelajaran Musik Tradisi Berbasis Literatur)". Humanus 13, nr 2 (29.12.2014): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jh.v13i2.4725.
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“Talempong unggan”, a traditional music from Minangkabau community particularly in Unggan, Sumpur Kudus, Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatera Indonesia is classified into genre of “talempong duduak” (rea). Due to its special musical concept and the playing technics, this traditional music is selected as a practising course in the Karawitan Department of Indonesian Institute of Art (ISI) Padang Panjang since 1993 till now. In a system of class learning with many students, Talempong Unggan definitely needs supporting methods and learning technics suitable for the course where the students can reach their maximum skills. All the melody of “talempong unggan” that has been made as a material of practice is transcribed to the system of numeric notation and rhythm motive of “gendang” and “aguang” which is written into signs and special notation. All of qualitative data is formulated into finding methods, technics and etude of learning ensamble of Talempong Unggan the traditional music that learned in Karawitan Department of ISI Padang Panjang. Key words: Talempong Unggan, Methods, Technics, Etude
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Yakushenkov, Serguey. "From Place to Plate: Three Historical Etudes of Astrakhan. Etude #1". Studia Alimentaria 1, nr 1 (13.01.2022): 67–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/saj.v1i1.4.
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Various distant outskirts of Russia very often followed a specific path in their development, in no way resembling the culture of the Central Russia. One of such areas, where special cultural and natural environments existed, was the southern province located in the Delta of the Volga River – the Astrakhan province. Early in the Middle Ages this territory became a part of highly developed and powerful states – the Khazar Khaganate, the Golden Horde, and the Astrakhan Khanate were situated here. It was during this period that the main alimentary complex of the region was formed, which was a combination of the three main household types: cattle-breeding, fishing, and agriculture. This complex has survived to a large extent until the present day. The annexation of the Astrakhan Khanate by Russia in 1556 did little to change this configuration. The native inhabitants of these regions returned to their usual occupation, while the newly arrived peoples followed the same industries that had been familiar to them in their former homeland: gardening, fishing, or cattle breeding. The multinational character of the region's population led to a flexible system of economic relations and complementarity. As a result, there was an active cultural interchange between all the peoples of the region, which also influenced the alimentary landscape (foodscape).
The history of this foodscape can be divided into three major periods, which differ from each other in the specifics of their character. They are largely dependent on socio-political changes in Russia as a whole, which also stimulated serious cultural and social shifts in the region. This article is devoted mainly to the analysis of the formation of the first period of the alimentary landscape in the region. It lasted from the accession of the Astrakhan khanate to the First World War and the October Revolution of 1917.
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Moreau, Aurélie. "Etude d'Aurélie Moreau". Genesis 16, nr 1 (2001): 198–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/item.2001.1464.
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Méry, André. "D5 — Etude anthropologique". Nouvelles archives du Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Lyon 25, nr 1 (1987): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/mhnly.1987.1077.
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Bochu, Michel. "D1 — Etude tomodensitométrique". Nouvelles archives du Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Lyon 25, nr 1 (1987): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/mhnly.1987.1073.
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